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section of the book is headed "Gastronomical
Meditations", in which the author devotes short chapters to thirty topics, ranging from taste, appetite, thirst, digestion and rest to gourmands, obesity, exhaustion and restaurateurs. The second and smaller part of the main text consists of "Miscellanea", including many anecdotes on a gastronomic theme such as the bishop who mischievously presented his eager guests with fake asparagus made of wood, and memories of the author's exile.
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276:, and how to prepare chocolate for drinking. His formal education proceeded along more conventional lines: he entered the Collège de Belley in 1764 or 1765. Although founded as a religious institution and with many of its staff in holy orders, the college was secular in outlook; theology was not in the curriculum and the library contained works on agriculture and science as well as books by
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Brillat-Savarin commented, "being able to speak the language and flirt with women, I was able to reap the richest rewards". He hoped, nonetheless, to return to France, not least because he was running short of funds, and he sailed for home, arriving at the end of August 1796. By this time the political scene in France was no longer dominated by extremists:
987:, "Brillat-Savarin's famous fondue ... is really a cream of eggs and cheese (not, be it noted, scrambled eggs and cheese) and has been rejected, I fancy, as being unauthentic either because it is more difficult to cook correctly than the Swiss version or because it is the cheese purveyors rather than the egg-marketeers who have been on the job".
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kind of flour. ... The second of the chief causes of obesity is the floury and starchy substances which man makes the prime ingredients of his daily nourishment. As we have said already, all animals that live on farinaceous food grow fat willy-nilly, and man is no exception to the universal law.
754:
topics, such as "Animals feed: man eats: only the man of intellect knows how to eat" and "The pleasures of the table belong to all times and all ages, to every country and every day; they go hand in hand with all our other pleasures, outlast them, and remain to console us for their loss". The longest
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Rostaing grew tired of life in the US and returned to France in May 1795. Without him
Brillat-Savarin was deprived of the closest friend of his years of exile. He continued to amuse himself with, among other diversions, what a biographer calls "undoubtedly numerous" encounters with the opposite sex;
453:
The happiness I enjoyed there was chiefly due to the fact that from the day of my arrival among the
Americans, I spoke their language, dressed like them, took care not to be wittier than they, and praised all their ways; thus repaying the hospitality they showed me by a form of condescension which I
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Sure enough, carnivorous animals never grow fat (consider wolves, jackals, birds of prey, crows, etc.). Herbivorous animals do not grow fat easily, at least until age has reduced them to a state of inactivity; but they fatten very quickly as soon as they begin to be fed on potatoes, grain, or any
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In the original French, Brillat-Savarin writes "Un dessert sans fromage est une belle à qui il manque un oeil" – "a dessert without cheese is a pretty woman who lacks an eye" – but the customary
English rendition, used by Drayton and earlier translators reads "... is like a..." rather than
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in his meditations on, respectively, "Dreams" and "The End of the World". Charlton concludes that we can all profit from the
Aphorisms with which Brillat-Savarin begins his book, for instance "The discovery of a new dish does more for the happiness of mankind than the discovery of a star".
461:
he shot a wild turkey and brought it back to the kitchen: he wrote of the roast bird that it was, "charming to behold, pleasing to smell, and delicious to taste". One of his favourite memories of his
American stay was an evening at Little's Tavern in New York when he and two other French
568:
For the rest of his life
Brillat-Savarin led a contented existence, carrying out his judicial functions conscientiously, entertaining his friends, and writing. He remained a lifelong bachelor. Playing the violin continued to be a favourite pastime – by this time he could afford a
391:
with the new regime, and was dismissed from his post for royalist sympathies. Such was his popularity among his fellow citizens that in
December 1792 he was elected mayor of Belley. For nearly a year he strove to protect his city from the excesses of the revolution, but when the
633:, adding, revising and polishing. Its contents were well known to his friends, and he finally yielded to their calls for him to publish it. He did so anonymously, although the author's name was soon widely known. It was published in December 1825, two months before his death.
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1705:
528:. Drayton comments that by this time Brillat-Savarin had obviously acquired a certain reputation as a gourmet, "for he was promptly put in charge of catering for the general staff, a task which he performed to the delighted satisfaction of his fellow officers".
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began in 1793. He spent nearly three years in the United States, teaching French and playing the violin to support himself, before returning to France when it became safe to do so, resuming his career as a lawyer, and rising to the top of the French judiciary.
610:
Madame, receive kindly and read indulgently the work of an old man. It is a tribute of a friendship which dates from your childhood and, perhaps, the homage of a more tender feeling. ... How can I tell? At my age a man no longer dares interrogate his
351:, the closest approximation in Ancien Régime France to a national parliament; it had not met since 1614, and in the words of the historian Karen Diane Haywood it "generally met only in dire situations when the king and his ministers had no other choice".
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in 1829, and less notable scholars dilated in succeeding decades on the physiology of the opera, the café, the umbrella, billiards, and 'the ridiculous,' among other things. In this short-lived genre, physiology was reduced to a synonym for character or
941:, grains, sugar and flour. He recommended meats, root vegetables, cabbage and fruit. Brillat-Savarin was concerned to reduce the use of fattening foods, but apparently did not consider cheese one of these. He was criticised in the 20th century by
607:. She looked to him for his wise advice, and Drayton surmises that he was in love with her: "So at least we may assume from the references to her in his great work, and from the dedication he wrote in the copy he sent her just before he died":
327:
After graduating in 1778 Brillat-Savarin returned to Belley and practised law, making his first court appearance in
September. He made good progress in his profession, and in 1781 he was appointed as a magistrate in the local civil court –
908:, although he himself used it literally, in the sense of "a scientific analysis of the workings of living beings". Davidson points out that a third of the book is devoted to the chemistry and physiology of food and eating. Nonetheless:
695:(1879), in a translation by R. E. Anderson. These three versions contained most, but not all, of Brillat-Savarin's text; the first complete translation into English was issued in 1884 by the London publishers Nimmo and Bain.
332:. As he became more eminent locally he became involved with seeking action to alleviate the deprivations of the poor caused by years of financial crisis and poor harvests. In 1787 he first visited the royal residence, the
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Fisher said that her translation of
Brillat-Savarin was her own favourite of her many books: "I like it, I respect it. I did it because his French was so good. It was so pure, so not effusive. He was just straight good
1005:"The physiology of taste, or, Meditations of transcendent gastronomy; a theoretical, historical and topical work, dedicated to the gastronomes of Paris by a professor, member of several literary and scholarly societies"
573:– and although he never played professionally again he performed for his friends. In a study of Brillat-Savarin published in 1892, Lucien Tendret, one of his successors as mayor of Belley and one of the founders of
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Physiologie du goût, ou méditations de gastronomie transcendante; ouvrage théorique, historique et à l'ordre du jour, dédié aux gastronomes parisiens, par un professeur, membre de plusieurs sociétés littéraires et
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for his remark that "dessert without cheese is like a pretty woman with only one eye", David asked: "How much harm has that tyrannical maxim of Brillat-Savarin's done to all our waistlines and our digestions?"
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After the end of the Rhine campaign the Directory appointed him as President of the Criminal Court of the Ain Department, based in Bourg-en-Bresse, in 1798, and then State Prosecutor for the Department of
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by treating taste simply as the sense by which we discern flavours". Charlton adds that Brillat-Savarin transmutes cooking, "which Plato had despised as a mere 'routine'", into philosophy, shaming
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Brillat-Savarin remained in the US for nearly two years, supporting himself by giving French and violin lessons. His biographer Giles MacDonogh observes, "He awarded himself the title of
272:
Brillat-Savarin learned from friends and acquaintances of his parents many unusual things about food, including a three-day method of cooking spinach, how to eat small game birds like
343:
in June 1788 in protest against the abolition of traditional and supposedly guaranteed local freedoms, and it became clear that effective government had so seriously collapsed that
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No region offers a greater variety of provisions for the table. Our beef is of prime quality, the flesh of the sheep reared in our mountains has the succulent flavour of that of
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Brillat-Savarin was descended on both sides from families of lawyers; his father, Marc-Anthelme Brillat-Savarin, was a leading lawyer in the city and his mother, Claudine-Aurore
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234:. Jean Anthelme was the eldest of the couple's eight children; of his two brothers, Xavier followed into the legal profession and Frédéric became an army officer.
296:. As a schoolboy Brillat-Savarin took up the violin; he loved playing it, and although destined for the law he hankered for a while after a career as a violinist.
592:, took to the piano, M. Brillat-Savarin took a violin and the dances began, led by this unique orchestra consisting of a bishop and a judge of the supreme court.
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of Belley. In a biographical sketch Anne Drayton observes "there was nothing of the revolutionary in his make-up", and when the Estates General reformed as the
775:(Fragments of a work in manuscript entitled "Legal Theory") (1818), and a study of the archaeology of the Ain department (1820). He also wrote a history of
257:
lamb, the hams cooked in our homes are as highly appreciated as the most famous in the world, and the traditional Belley sausage is as good as the Bologna
882:
411:. He was joined by a fellow exile, Jean-Antoine de Rostaing, whose father, the Marquis Just-Antoine de Rostaing, had fought with the French forces in the
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446:, by which he jocularly referred to himself to the end of his days". He also played first violin in America's only professional orchestra, at the
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815:(Apple ring Brillat-Savarin), in which a cake steeped in syrup and flavoured with rum is surrounded with stewed apples bound with rum-flavoured
163:
was the product of many years' writing in the author's spare time. Published weeks before his death in 1826, the work established him alongside
683:
Translations into foreign languages followed. The first English version, by Fayette Robinson, was published in the US in 1854 under the title
381:
At the end of his term of office in September 1791 Brillat-Savarin returned home as president of the civil tribunal of the new department of
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750:
The book is in two main sections. They are preceded by an opening section headed "Aphorisms", consisting of twenty short assertions about
687:. Two translations were published in Britain during the 19th century: the first, which set a pattern for giving the book a new title, was
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1813:
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Turkeys had been familiar in France since the early 16th century, but were farmed there rather than wild, as in their native America.
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in Paris became famous for their excellence. Drayton comments that some of them were graced by the presence of his beautiful cousin,
584:. When dinner was over, the young girls had a strong desire to dance, but none of them could play the music. One of the guests, the
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731:(Physiology of taste or physiological guidance for the study of pleasures of the table). It was followed by versions in Russian (
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By his choice of title Brillat-Savarin seems to have been responsible for a temporary change in French writers' use of the word
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145:), became celebrated for his culinary reminiscences and reflections on the craft and science of cookery and the art of eating.
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In the household and region in which Brillat-Savarin grew up, good food was taken seriously; his relation and fellow lawyer
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303:. His main study was law, but he undertook some extracurricular studies in medicine and attended lectures in chemistry by
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2162:. In an English translation by Fayette Robinson, available under a free licence from the University of Adelaide Library.
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Brillat-Savarin's name is commemorated in streets in France and Belgium: avenues Brillat-Savarin in Brussels, Belley and
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265:, chickens, and ducks. Crayfish, trout, and pike abound in our rivers ... There is a profusion of truffles,
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336:; his purpose may have been to seek help for the poor of his region, but he left no details of his mission.
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On 2 February 1826, at the age of seventy, Brillat-Savarin died in Paris having attended a service in the
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1936:
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716:, 1949) as outstanding. A new English translation by Anne Drayton was published in 1970 under the title
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Through the influence of Rostaing, Brillat-Savarin was appointed as secretary to the staff of General
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To mark the centenary of Brillat-Savarin's death, commemorative banquets were given in 1926 at the
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The Handbook of Dining; Or, How to Dine, Theoretically, Philosophically and Historically Considered
468:
beat two Englishmen in a competitive drinking bout, in which they all consumed large quantities of
385:, but as politics in Paris became increasingly radical, with the abolition of the monarchy, he was
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415:. Rostaing suggested sailing to the United States; Brillat-Savarin agreed. They made their way to
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When the King summoned the Estates General in 1789 Brillat-Savarin was elected to represent the
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All Manners of Food: Eating and Taste in England and France from the Middle Ages to the Present
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799:, was named in the writer's honour by the cheese-maker Henri Androuët in the 1930s. It is an
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and his allies from the Reign of Terror had fallen and France was ruled by the more moderate
458:
371:
220:
137:, (2 April 1755 – 2 February 1826) was a French lawyer and politician, who, as the author of
926:. He considered sugar and white flour to be the cause of obesity and he suggested, instead,
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consider essential and which I commend to all who may find themselves in a similar position.
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2150:; a freely licensed copy hosted on the Bibliothèque nationale de France's digital library,
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One day in the winter of 1808 he had come to dine at the home of one of his friends in the
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8:
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On 10 or 11 December he fled from France to Switzerland, where he took up residence in
668:. The book has been in print in France continuously since it first appeared in 1825.
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Jean Anthelme Brillat-Savarin was born on 2 April 1755 in the small cathedral city of
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Physiologie des Geschmacks oder physiologische Anleitung zum Studium der Tafelgenüsse
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2018:
Europe Against Revolution: Conservatism, Enlightenment, and the Making of the Past
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in London. The dishes at the latter included two marking his name and birthplace:
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he made speeches opposing the division of France into eighty-three administrative
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885:, Brillat-Savarin is credited with founding the genre of the gastronomic essay.
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501:. Brillat-Savarin persuaded the authorities that the legal penalties imposed on
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began in September 1793 he felt increasingly at risk of arrest and execution.
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The philosopher William Charlton writes that Brillat-Savarin "upstaged the
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831:; it was originally called a Brillat-Savarin, later shortened to savarin.
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Handbook of Dining: or Corpulency and Leanness Scientifically Considered
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Handbook of Dining: or Corpulency and Leanness Scientifically Considered
407:, from whom he learnt his celebrated and later controversial recipe for
23:
This article is about the gastronome. For the cheese from Burgundy, see
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550:, the supreme court of appeal, which sat in Paris. He was awarded the
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A Guide to Obesity and the Metabolic Syndrome: Origins and Treatment
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of one to two weeks. The writer is also commemorated in the dish
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The full title of the work for which Brillat-Savarin is known is
315:
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438:, New York, where Brillat-Savarin earned a living as a violinist
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In later editions the title of this translation was changed to
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911:
767:, Brillat-Savarin wrote works about law and political economy:
516:, Paris, to which Brillat-Savarin was appointed a judge in 1799
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450:, New York. He later had fond memories of his time in America:
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57:
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engineered the fall of the Directory and establishment of the
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as one of the founders of the genre of the gastronomic essay.
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525:
266:
262:
216:
74:
1479:, New England Review Vol. 30, No. 4 (2009–10), pp. 181–194
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776:
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Fragments d'un Ouvrage Manuscrit Intitulé Théorie Judiciare
208:
2146:
Original French text of the 1848 illustrated edition of
2083:(second ed.). Urbana: University of Illinois Press.
595:
The dinners given by Brillat-Savarin at his house in the
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in 1799, Brillat-Savarin was appointed as a judge in the
382:
204:
111:"Tell me what you eat, and I will tell you what you are."
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Gastronomy as a Fine Art: or, The Science of Good Living
148:
Rising to modest eminence in the last years of France's
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For years Brillat-Savarin worked intermittently on his
1418:
The Physiology of Taste: Or, Transcendental Gastronomy
727:
C. Vogt's German translation was published in 1865 as
685:
The Physiology of Taste: Or, Transcendental Gastronomy
299:
In the spring of 1774 Brillat-Savarin enrolled at the
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Members of the National Constituent Assembly (France)
219:, which had been absorbed into France under the 1601
865:
and rues Brillat-Savarin in Paris, Bourg-en-Bresse,
152:, Brillat-Savarin had to escape into exile when the
419:, where they took ship for an eighty-day voyage to
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1477:"The World of the Senses and the Nature of Taste"
771:(Political Economy: Plans and Prospects) (1802),
215:. Belley was the principal city of the region of
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1839:Brillat-Savarin, 1755–1826: un chevalier candide
1630:Brillat-Savarin (1981), pp. 317–318; and 338–344
965:
577:, related a story of Brillat-Savarin's playing:
358:As a deputy to the National Constituent Assembly
2206:Works by or about Jean Anthelme Brillat-Savarin
1894:
1877:
1841:(in French). Paris: Presses de la Renaissance.
310:
1999:The French Revolution: The Power of the People
720:; this version was reissued with a new title,
307:, who became a friend and helpful counsellor.
2230:
640:while already having a cold, which turned to
18:French lawyer, politician and culinary writer
1984:. Jackson: University Press of Mississippi.
922:Brillat-Savarin was an early proponent of a
876:
679:with a portrait of the author, 1848 edition
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2237:
2223:
2040:Brillat-Savarin: The Judge and his Stomach
524:, who led the French army fighting on the
378:and the abolition of capital punishment.
40:
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554:in 1804, and in 1808 Napoleon made him a
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1935:
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603:, who is mentioned in several places in
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353:
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1996:
1957:
1895:Brillat-Savarin, Jean Anthelme (1981).
1882:(in French). Paris: Alphonse Pigoreau.
1878:Brillat-Savarin, Jean Anthelme (1852).
1836:
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588:de Bombelles, recently promoted to the
230:Récamier, was the daughter of Belley's
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2191:Works by Jean Anthelme Brillat-Savarin
2182:Works by Jean Anthelme Brillat-Savarin
2166:Works by Jean Anthelme Brillat-Savarin
1976:
1958:Drayton, Anne (1981). "Introduction".
1644:, Dynamo, Pierre Aelberts, Liège 1950.
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347:would have to summon a meeting of the
2952:Politicians from Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes
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2122:(in French). Belley: L. Bailly fils.
2057:Masui, Kazuko; Tomoko Yamada (2005).
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423:, disembarking on 30 September 1794.
261:. In our markets you will find plump
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1712:, Google Maps. Retrieved 25 May 2023
1680:"Savoy Tribute to Brillat-Savarin",
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769:Vues et Projets d'Economie Politique
403:. He later stayed with relations in
2120:La table au pays de Brillat-Savarin
2020:. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
2015:
1943:. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
1790:Brillat-Savarin (1981), p. 13; and
1475:Uncredited author of introduction.
1378:
1321:
1267:Brillat-Savarin (1981), pp. 306–308
1240:Brillat-Savarin (1981), pp. 341–342
487:
207:, 80 kilometres (50 miles) east of
13:
2917:Court of Cassation (France) judges
2907:18th-century French male musicians
1982:Conversations with M. F. K. Fisher
1818:The Oxford Companion to Philosophy
1731:Lane, Anthony (10 December 1995).
1184:
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893:is a cookbook is like saying that
856:Les œufs brouilles Brillat-Savarin
505:should be rescinded in his case.
170:
14:
2973:
2912:Burials at Père Lachaise Cemetery
2135:
1690:"En l'honneur de Brillat-Savarin"
1612:Brillat-Savarin (1981), pp. 13–14
1258:Brillat-Savarin (1981), pp. 80–81
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813:Bordure de pommes Brillat-Savarin
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618:The grave of Brillat-Savarin, at
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2198:
2177:Bibliothèque nationale de France
1820:, Oxford University Press, 2005
1814:"Brillat-Savarin, Jean Anthelme"
1772:330 (7483): 132; and Bray, p. 31
937:He promoted a diet that avoided
858:(scrambled eggs with truffles).
211:and a similar distance south of
188:, Brillat-Savarin's birthplace (
2937:Low-carbohydrate diet advocates
2932:French male non-fiction writers
1919:An Omelette and a Glass of Wine
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1303:
1279:
1270:
1261:
1252:
1243:
1234:
1225:
1216:
1207:
1198:
1175:
1154:
1145:
1136:
1031:
1021:
1008:
999:
990:
977:
457:While staying with a friend in
305:Louis-Bernard Guyton de Morveau
134:[ʒɑ̃ɑ̃tɛlmbʁijasavaʁɛ̃]
2957:18th-century French violinists
2061:. London: Dorling Kindersley.
1960:The Philosopher in the Kitchen
1897:The Philosopher in the Kitchen
1751:Brillat-Savarin (1981), p. 208
1516:The Philosopher in the Kitchen
1127:
1118:
1109:
1100:
1091:
1082:
1061:
758:
718:The Philosopher in the Kitchen
563:
175:
1:
2442:Jean Anthelme Brillat-Savarin
1997:Haywood, Karen Diane (2017).
1045:
966:Notes, references and sources
823:, was invented by a Parisian
536:, based in Versailles. After
368:National Constituent Assembly
330:lieutenant civil du bailliage
269:, and mushrooms in our woods.
189:
126:Jean Anthelme Brillat-Savarin
34:Jean Anthelme Brillat-Savarin
1941:The Oxford Companion to Food
1781:Brillat-Savarin (1852), p. 8
889:writes of him, "To say that
827:, Julien, as a variant of a
701:The Oxford Companion to Food
413:American War of Independence
311:Ancien Régime and revolution
7:
2902:19th-century French writers
2197:(public domain audiobooks)
10:
2978:
2897:19th-century French judges
2001:. New York: Lucent Press.
1863:. Boca Ralton: CRC Press.
1830:
1760:Strandberg, Timo. (2005).
1544:Physiologie des Geschmacks
1530:The Pleasures of the Table
916:The Physiology of Marriage
722:The Pleasures of the Table
575:L'Académie des Gastronomes
22:
2856:
2762:
2661:
2654:
2404:
2263:
2256:
2252:
1837:Boissel, Thierry (1989).
1794:in Robinson's translation
712:'s American translation (
91:
81:
64:
51:
46:Posthumous portrait, 1848
39:
32:
2830:Slimming for the Million
2118:Tendret, Lucien (1892).
1763:Roots of the Atkins diet
1706:"Avenue Brillat-Savarin"
1653:Masui and Yamada, p. 257
1460:Gastronomy as a Fine Art
970:
901:is a guide to hunting."
877:Reputation and influence
651:
2739:The Cruise Control Diet
2567:William Heneage Ogilvie
2412:Frederick Madison Allen
2159:The Physiology of Taste
2148:The Physiology of Taste
2042:. London: John Murray.
1822:(subscription required)
1769:British Medical Journal
1696:, 3 February 1926, p. 3
1600:La Fisiologia Del Gusto
1481:(subscription required)
891:The Physiology of Taste
819:. The cake, known as a
745:La Fisiologia del Gusto
714:The Physiology of Taste
644:. He was buried at the
638:Basilica of Saint-Denis
522:Charles-Pierre Augereau
161:The Physiology of Taste
143:The Physiology of Taste
100:The Physiology of Taste
2962:French male violinists
2627:Rollin Turner Woodyatt
2572:Frederick William Pavy
2437:Apollinaire Bouchardat
2246:Low-carbohydrate diets
2143:La Physiologie du goût
2103:Larousse gastronomique
2016:Lok, Matthijs (2023).
1432:The Handbook of Dining
1339:MacDonogh, pp. 141–142
1300:MacDonogh, pp. 126–127
1204:MacDonogh, pp. 112–113
1058:Brillat-Savarin, p. 13
793:Brillat-Savarin cheese
743:, 1883), and Italian (
680:
646:Père Lachaise Cemetery
626:
582:Faubourg Saint-Germain
517:
439:
374:, the introduction of
359:
324:
196:
114:
86:Père Lachaise Cemetery
25:Brillat-Savarin cheese
2597:Vilhjalmur Stefansson
2577:Mynie Gustav Peterman
1733:"Look Back in Hunger"
1710:"Rue Brillat-Savarin"
1496:Davidson, pp. 106–107
1249:Davidson, pp. 809–810
924:low-carbohydrate diet
883:Grimod de La Reynière
844:Les delices de Belley
674:
617:
557:Chevalier de l'Empire
547:Tribunal de cassation
511:
459:Hartford, Connecticut
434:
357:
334:Château de Versailles
318:
183:
165:Grimod de La Reynière
130:French pronunciation:
108:
2780:Calories Don't Count
2704:Modified Atkins diet
2622:Russell Morse Wilder
2557:Louis Harry Newburgh
2532:John Fletcher Little
2427:James Lomax Bardsley
2276:Richard K. Bernstein
2171:1 April 2018 at the
1572:Fisiología del gusto
1288:in MacDonogh, p. 132
1133:MacDonogh, pp. 32–33
1115:MacDonogh, pp. 22–23
1106:MacDonogh, pp. 24–25
1088:MacDonogh, pp. 17–18
899:Sportsman's Sketches
863:Saint-Denis-en-Bugey
737:Fisiología del gusto
2922:French food writers
2785:Drinking Man's Diet
2744:Wahls Protocol Diet
1962:. London: Penguin.
1921:. London: Penguin.
1899:. London: Penguin.
1880:Physiologie du goût
1812:Charlton, William.
930:-rich ingredients:
763:In addition to his
677:Physiologie du goût
658:Physiologie du goût
631:Physiologie du goût
605:Physiologie du goût
590:bishopric of Amiens
448:John Street Theatre
436:John Street Theatre
339:Riots broke out in
301:University of Dijon
139:Physiologie du goût
119:Physiologie du goût
96:Physiologie du goût
2947:People from Belley
2927:French gastronomes
2632:Cecil Webb-Johnson
2617:Walter L. Voegtlin
2592:James H. Salisbury
2562:Felix von Niemeyer
2537:Richard Mackarness
2507:Kenneth C. Hutchin
2497:Francis W. E. Hare
2482:Carlton Fredericks
2462:Blake F. Donaldson
2105:. London: Hamlyn.
1375:Drayton, pp. 10–11
1366:Tendret, pp. 41–42
1038:"... is a..."
783:, remains extant.
739:, 1869), Swedish (
735:, 1867), Spanish (
681:
627:
538:Napoleon Bonaparte
518:
440:
360:
325:
197:
2874:
2873:
2852:
2851:
2848:
2847:
2790:Eat and Grow Thin
2650:
2649:
2512:Elliott P. Joslin
2432:Franklin Bicknell
2366:Mauro Di Pasquale
2186:Project Gutenberg
2099:Montagné, Prosper
2090:978-0-63-113244-8
2068:978-1-40-531211-0
2049:978-0-71-954711-9
2027:978-0-19-887215-3
2008:978-1-53-456051-2
1969:978-0-14-046157-2
1950:978-0-19-211579-9
1928:978-0-14-046721-5
1906:978-0-14-046157-2
1870:978-1-4398-1458-1
1848:978-2-85-616529-4
1586:Smakens fysiologi
1558:Fiziologija vkusa
1398:MacDonogh, p. 221
1309:MacDonogh, p. 134
1276:MacDonogh, p. 124
1231:MacDonogh, p. 115
1213:MacDonogh, p. 114
838:in Paris and the
741:Smakens fysiologi
733:Fiziologija vkusa
601:Juliette Récamier
514:Cour de cassation
388:persona non grata
106:
105:
2969:
2864:
2863:
2840:Strong Medicine
2800:Hal Huggins diet
2749:Wheat Belly diet
2724:South Beach Diet
2699:Lectin-free diet
2669:Bulletproof diet
2659:
2658:
2637:Isaac Burney Yeo
2542:Michel Montignac
2371:David Perlmutter
2306:Andreas Eenfeldt
2261:
2260:
2254:
2253:
2239:
2232:
2225:
2216:
2215:
2210:Internet Archive
2202:
2201:
2131:
2114:
2094:
2077:Mennell, Stephen
2072:
2053:
2036:MacDonogh, Giles
2031:
2012:
1993:
1978:Fisher, M. F. K.
1973:
1954:
1932:
1915:David, Elizabeth
1910:
1891:
1874:
1852:
1824:
1823:
1810:
1804:
1801:
1795:
1788:
1782:
1779:
1773:
1758:
1752:
1749:
1743:
1742:
1728:
1722:
1719:
1713:
1703:
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1506:
1503:
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1482:
1473:
1464:
1456:
1450:
1442:
1436:
1428:
1422:
1414:
1408:
1407:Mennell, p. 268.
1405:
1399:
1396:
1390:
1387:
1376:
1373:
1367:
1364:
1358:
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1349:
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1232:
1229:
1223:
1220:
1214:
1211:
1205:
1202:
1196:
1193:
1182:
1179:
1173:
1170:
1161:
1158:
1152:
1151:MacDonogh, p. 44
1149:
1143:
1142:MacDonogh, p. 37
1140:
1134:
1131:
1125:
1122:
1116:
1113:
1107:
1104:
1098:
1095:
1089:
1086:
1080:
1077:
1068:
1065:
1059:
1056:
1039:
1035:
1029:
1025:
1019:
1012:
1006:
1003:
997:
994:
988:
981:
836:Hôtel de Crillon
825:maitre pâtissier
817:crème pâtissière
597:rue de Richelieu
552:Legion of Honour
488:Return to France
278:La Rochefoucauld
247:
194:
191:
136:
131:
121:
71:
44:
30:
29:
2977:
2976:
2972:
2971:
2970:
2968:
2967:
2966:
2877:
2876:
2875:
2870:
2844:
2795:Grapefruit diet
2758:
2734:The 4-Hour Body
2646:
2607:Herman Tarnower
2552:Bernhard Naunyn
2527:Victor Lindlahr
2487:John M. Freeman
2472:Wilhelm Ebstein
2457:Eustace Chesser
2452:Arnaldo Cantani
2422:William Banting
2400:
2316:David Gillespie
2291:Maryanne Demasi
2248:
2243:
2199:
2173:Wayback Machine
2138:
2091:
2069:
2050:
2028:
2009:
1970:
1951:
1929:
1907:
1871:
1857:Bray, George A.
1849:
1833:
1828:
1827:
1821:
1811:
1807:
1802:
1798:
1789:
1785:
1780:
1776:
1759:
1755:
1750:
1746:
1729:
1725:
1721:Mennell, p. 267
1720:
1716:
1704:
1700:
1679:
1675:
1671:Montagné, p. 76
1670:
1666:
1662:Montagné, p. 50
1661:
1657:
1652:
1648:
1638:
1634:
1629:
1625:
1620:
1616:
1611:
1607:
1597:
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1415:
1411:
1406:
1402:
1397:
1393:
1388:
1379:
1374:
1370:
1365:
1361:
1357:MacDonogh, p. 9
1356:
1352:
1347:
1343:
1338:
1334:
1329:
1322:
1317:
1313:
1308:
1304:
1299:
1292:
1284:
1280:
1275:
1271:
1266:
1262:
1257:
1253:
1248:
1244:
1239:
1235:
1230:
1226:
1221:
1217:
1212:
1208:
1203:
1199:
1195:MacDonogh, p. 3
1194:
1185:
1180:
1176:
1171:
1164:
1159:
1155:
1150:
1146:
1141:
1137:
1132:
1128:
1123:
1119:
1114:
1110:
1105:
1101:
1096:
1092:
1087:
1083:
1078:
1071:
1067:MacDonogh, p. 6
1066:
1062:
1057:
1053:
1048:
1043:
1042:
1036:
1032:
1026:
1022:
1013:
1009:
1004:
1000:
995:
991:
985:Elizabeth David
982:
978:
973:
968:
943:Elizabeth David
935:
920:
879:
805:cheese with an
789:
761:
710:M. F. K. Fisher
661:
654:
624:Pierre Bourdieu
612:
593:
566:
490:
455:
429:
394:Reign of Terror
349:Estates General
321:Estates General
319:Opening of the
313:
270:
241:
213:Bourg-en-Bresse
192:
184:Le Grande Rue,
178:
173:
171:Life and career
154:Reign of Terror
129:
123:
116:
112:
73:
69:
68:2 February 1826
56:
47:
35:
28:
19:
12:
11:
5:
2975:
2965:
2964:
2959:
2954:
2949:
2944:
2939:
2934:
2929:
2924:
2919:
2914:
2909:
2904:
2899:
2894:
2889:
2872:
2871:
2869:
2868:
2857:
2854:
2853:
2850:
2849:
2846:
2845:
2843:
2842:
2837:
2832:
2827:
2825:Scarsdale diet
2822:
2820:Salisbury diet
2817:
2815:Montignac diet
2812:
2807:
2802:
2797:
2792:
2787:
2782:
2777:
2772:
2766:
2764:
2760:
2759:
2757:
2756:
2751:
2746:
2741:
2736:
2731:
2729:Sugar Busters!
2726:
2721:
2716:
2711:
2706:
2701:
2696:
2694:Ketogenic diet
2691:
2686:
2681:
2676:
2674:Carnivore diet
2671:
2665:
2663:
2656:
2652:
2651:
2648:
2647:
2645:
2644:
2639:
2634:
2629:
2624:
2619:
2614:
2612:Vance Thompson
2609:
2604:
2599:
2594:
2589:
2584:
2579:
2574:
2569:
2564:
2559:
2554:
2549:
2547:Michael Mosley
2544:
2539:
2534:
2529:
2524:
2519:
2514:
2509:
2504:
2499:
2494:
2489:
2484:
2479:
2474:
2469:
2464:
2459:
2454:
2449:
2447:Lauder Brunton
2444:
2439:
2434:
2429:
2424:
2419:
2414:
2408:
2406:
2402:
2401:
2399:
2398:
2393:
2388:
2383:
2378:
2376:Fred Pescatore
2373:
2368:
2363:
2358:
2356:Aseem Malhotra
2353:
2348:
2343:
2338:
2333:
2328:
2323:
2318:
2313:
2308:
2303:
2298:
2293:
2288:
2283:
2278:
2273:
2267:
2265:
2258:
2250:
2249:
2242:
2241:
2234:
2227:
2219:
2213:
2212:
2203:
2188:
2179:
2163:
2155:
2137:
2136:External links
2134:
2133:
2132:
2115:
2095:
2089:
2073:
2067:
2059:French Cheeses
2054:
2048:
2032:
2026:
2013:
2007:
1994:
1974:
1968:
1955:
1949:
1937:Davidson, Alan
1933:
1927:
1911:
1905:
1892:
1875:
1869:
1853:
1847:
1832:
1829:
1826:
1825:
1805:
1796:
1783:
1774:
1753:
1744:
1738:The New Yorker
1723:
1714:
1698:
1682:The Daily News
1673:
1664:
1655:
1646:
1641:Voyage à Arras
1632:
1623:
1614:
1605:
1591:
1577:
1563:
1549:
1535:
1521:
1507:
1498:
1484:
1465:
1451:
1437:
1423:
1409:
1400:
1391:
1389:Drayton, p. 11
1377:
1368:
1359:
1350:
1341:
1332:
1330:Drayton, p. 10
1320:
1311:
1302:
1290:
1278:
1269:
1260:
1251:
1242:
1233:
1224:
1215:
1206:
1197:
1183:
1181:Boissel, p. 73
1174:
1162:
1160:Haywood, p. 23
1153:
1144:
1135:
1126:
1124:Boissel, p. 27
1117:
1108:
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932:
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875:
788:
787:Commemorations
785:
781:Voyage à Arras
760:
757:
675:Title page of
660:
655:
653:
650:
609:
579:
565:
562:
489:
486:
452:
428:
427:American exile
425:
312:
309:
250:
239:Lucien Tendret
221:Treaty of Lyon
177:
174:
172:
169:
110:
107:
104:
103:
93:
89:
88:
83:
79:
78:
72:(aged 70)
66:
62:
61:
53:
49:
48:
45:
37:
36:
33:
17:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
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2888:
2885:
2884:
2882:
2867:
2859:
2858:
2855:
2841:
2838:
2836:
2835:Stillman diet
2833:
2831:
2828:
2826:
2823:
2821:
2818:
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2808:
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2745:
2742:
2740:
2737:
2735:
2732:
2730:
2727:
2725:
2722:
2720:
2719:Rosedale diet
2717:
2715:
2714:Protein Power
2712:
2710:
2707:
2705:
2702:
2700:
2697:
2695:
2692:
2690:
2687:
2685:
2684:Hamptons Diet
2682:
2680:
2677:
2675:
2672:
2670:
2667:
2666:
2664:
2660:
2657:
2653:
2643:
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2628:
2625:
2623:
2620:
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2615:
2613:
2610:
2608:
2605:
2603:
2602:Herman Taller
2600:
2598:
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2540:
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2535:
2533:
2530:
2528:
2525:
2523:
2520:
2518:
2517:Lelord Kordel
2515:
2513:
2510:
2508:
2505:
2503:
2500:
2498:
2495:
2493:
2492:Vince Gironda
2490:
2488:
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2420:
2418:
2417:Robert Atkins
2415:
2413:
2410:
2409:
2407:
2403:
2397:
2394:
2392:
2389:
2387:
2384:
2382:
2379:
2377:
2374:
2372:
2369:
2367:
2364:
2362:
2359:
2357:
2354:
2352:
2351:Robert Lustig
2349:
2347:
2344:
2342:
2339:
2337:
2334:
2332:
2331:Ronald Krauss
2329:
2327:
2324:
2322:
2321:Steven Gundry
2319:
2317:
2314:
2312:
2309:
2307:
2304:
2302:
2301:Michael Eades
2299:
2297:
2294:
2292:
2289:
2287:
2286:William Davis
2284:
2282:
2279:
2277:
2274:
2272:
2269:
2268:
2266:
2262:
2259:
2255:
2251:
2247:
2240:
2235:
2233:
2228:
2226:
2221:
2220:
2217:
2211:
2207:
2204:
2196:
2192:
2189:
2187:
2183:
2180:
2178:
2174:
2170:
2167:
2164:
2161:
2160:
2156:
2153:
2149:
2145:
2144:
2140:
2139:
2129:
2125:
2121:
2116:
2112:
2108:
2104:
2100:
2096:
2092:
2086:
2082:
2078:
2074:
2070:
2064:
2060:
2055:
2051:
2045:
2041:
2037:
2033:
2029:
2023:
2019:
2014:
2010:
2004:
2000:
1995:
1991:
1987:
1983:
1979:
1975:
1971:
1965:
1961:
1956:
1952:
1946:
1942:
1938:
1934:
1930:
1924:
1920:
1916:
1912:
1908:
1902:
1898:
1893:
1889:
1885:
1881:
1876:
1872:
1866:
1862:
1858:
1854:
1850:
1844:
1840:
1835:
1834:
1819:
1815:
1809:
1803:David, p. 178
1800:
1793:
1787:
1778:
1771:
1770:
1765:
1764:
1757:
1748:
1740:
1739:
1734:
1727:
1718:
1711:
1707:
1702:
1695:
1691:
1687:
1683:
1677:
1668:
1659:
1650:
1643:
1642:
1636:
1627:
1618:
1609:
1602:
1601:
1595:
1588:
1587:
1581:
1574:
1573:
1567:
1560:
1559:
1553:
1546:
1545:
1539:
1532:
1531:
1525:
1518:
1517:
1511:
1505:Fisher, p. 54
1502:
1493:
1491:
1489:
1478:
1472:
1470:
1462:
1461:
1455:
1448:
1447:
1441:
1434:
1433:
1427:
1420:
1419:
1413:
1404:
1395:
1386:
1384:
1382:
1372:
1363:
1354:
1345:
1336:
1327:
1325:
1315:
1306:
1297:
1295:
1287:
1282:
1273:
1264:
1255:
1246:
1237:
1228:
1222:David, p. 157
1219:
1210:
1201:
1192:
1190:
1188:
1178:
1172:Drayton, p. 9
1169:
1167:
1157:
1148:
1139:
1130:
1121:
1112:
1103:
1097:Drayton, p. 8
1094:
1085:
1079:Drayton, p. 7
1076:
1074:
1064:
1055:
1051:
1034:
1024:
1017:
1011:
1002:
993:
986:
983:According to
980:
976:
963:
960:
956:
952:
951:aestheticians
947:
944:
940:
931:
929:
925:
917:
913:
909:
907:
902:
900:
896:
892:
888:
884:
874:
872:
868:
864:
859:
857:
853:
849:
845:
841:
837:
832:
830:
826:
822:
818:
814:
810:
809:
804:
803:
798:
794:
784:
782:
778:
774:
770:
766:
756:
753:
748:
746:
742:
738:
734:
730:
725:
723:
719:
715:
711:
707:
706:Alan Davidson
703:
702:
696:
694:
690:
686:
678:
673:
669:
667:
659:
649:
647:
643:
639:
634:
632:
625:
621:
620:Père-Lachaise
616:
608:
606:
602:
598:
591:
587:
583:
578:
576:
572:
561:
559:
558:
553:
549:
548:
543:
539:
535:
534:Seine-et-Oise
529:
527:
523:
515:
510:
506:
504:
500:
496:
485:
483:
479:
475:
471:
467:
466:
460:
451:
449:
445:
437:
433:
424:
422:
418:
414:
410:
406:
402:
397:
395:
390:
389:
384:
379:
377:
376:trial by jury
373:
369:
365:
356:
352:
350:
346:
342:
337:
335:
331:
322:
317:
308:
306:
302:
297:
295:
291:
287:
283:
279:
275:
268:
264:
260:
256:
255:
249:
245:
240:
235:
233:
229:
224:
222:
218:
214:
210:
206:
202:
187:
182:
168:
166:
162:
158:
155:
151:
150:Ancien Régime
146:
144:
140:
135:
127:
122:
120:
117:Aphorism IV,
113:
101:
97:
94:
92:Notable works
90:
87:
84:
82:Resting place
80:
76:
67:
63:
59:
54:
50:
43:
38:
31:
26:
21:
16:
2775:Banting diet
2662:Contemporary
2477:Mary G. Enig
2467:Dan Duchaine
2441:
2346:Max Lugavere
2341:David Ludwig
2336:Frank Lipman
2296:Pierre Dukan
2281:Jorge Cruise
2264:Contemporary
2158:
2147:
2141:
2119:
2102:
2080:
2058:
2039:
2017:
1998:
1981:
1959:
1940:
1918:
1896:
1879:
1860:
1838:
1817:
1808:
1799:
1792:Aphorism XIV
1786:
1777:
1767:
1762:
1756:
1747:
1736:
1726:
1717:
1701:
1693:
1685:
1681:
1676:
1667:
1658:
1649:
1640:
1635:
1626:
1617:
1608:
1599:
1594:
1585:
1580:
1571:
1566:
1557:
1552:
1543:
1538:
1529:
1524:
1515:
1510:
1501:
1459:
1454:
1445:
1440:
1431:
1426:
1417:
1412:
1403:
1394:
1371:
1362:
1353:
1344:
1335:
1314:
1305:
1285:
1281:
1272:
1263:
1254:
1245:
1236:
1227:
1218:
1209:
1200:
1177:
1156:
1147:
1138:
1129:
1120:
1111:
1102:
1093:
1084:
1063:
1054:
1033:
1023:
1015:
1010:
1001:
992:
979:
948:
936:
921:
915:
905:
903:
898:
890:
887:Anthony Lane
880:
860:
855:
846:(a blend of
843:
833:
820:
812:
806:
800:
790:
780:
772:
768:
762:
749:
744:
740:
736:
732:
728:
726:
721:
717:
713:
699:
697:
692:
688:
684:
682:
676:
664:
662:
657:
635:
630:
628:
604:
594:
574:
571:Stradivarius
567:
555:
545:
530:
519:
513:
502:
491:
463:
456:
443:
441:
398:
386:
380:
364:Third Estate
361:
338:
329:
326:
298:
271:
252:
236:
232:Notary Royal
227:
225:
198:
160:
159:
147:
142:
138:
125:
124:
118:
115:
109:
99:
95:
70:(1826-02-02)
55:2 April 1755
20:
15:
2892:1826 deaths
2887:1755 births
2810:Kordel diet
2770:Atkins diet
2709:Pioppi Diet
2642:John Yudkin
2582:Karl Petrén
2522:John Latham
2502:Hal Huggins
2396:Terry Wahls
2386:Gary Taubes
2381:Barry Sears
2271:Dave Asprey
1318:Lok, p. 124
906:physiologie
881:Along with
840:Savoy Hotel
765:magnum opus
759:Other works
752:gastronomic
724:, in 2011.
564:Later years
495:Robespierre
372:departments
282:Montesquieu
242: [
195:photograph)
193: 1900
176:Early years
2881:Categories
2763:Historical
2679:Dukan Diet
2587:John Rollo
2405:Historical
2391:Jeff Volek
2361:Tim Noakes
2326:Mark Hyman
2311:Jason Fung
2128:1040244307
2111:1285641881
1990:1193399350
1888:1040260000
1046:References
802:industriel
795:, made in
444:Professeur
259:mortadella
2754:Zone diet
2257:Advocates
1917:(1986) .
1694:Le Figaro
1686:The Times
955:Descartes
919:portrait.
848:foie gras
791:The soft
747:, 1914).
642:pneumonia
622:, beside
542:Consulate
499:Directory
421:Manhattan
417:Rotterdam
345:Louis XVI
2866:Category
2195:LibriVox
2169:Archived
2101:(1976).
2079:(1996).
2038:(1992).
1980:(1992).
1939:(1999).
1859:(2011).
895:Turgenev
852:crayfish
829:rum baba
808:affinage
797:Normandy
777:duelling
708:praises
666:savantes
401:Lausanne
341:Grenoble
294:Rousseau
290:Voltaire
286:Rabelais
274:ortolans
254:pré-salé
77:, France
60:, France
2805:Kimkins
2689:KE diet
2208:at the
2152:Gallica
1831:Sources
1028:prose."
928:protein
821:savarin
503:émigrés
478:Madeira
465:émigrés
248:wrote:
2126:
2109:
2087:
2065:
2046:
2024:
2005:
1988:
1966:
1947:
1925:
1903:
1886:
1867:
1845:
1708:; and
1603:, 1914
1589:, 1883
1575:, 1869
1561:, 1867
1547:, 1865
1533:, 2011
1519:, 1970
1463:, 1879
1449:, 1865
1435:, 1859
1421:, 1854
1286:Quoted
939:starch
912:Balzac
854:) and
611:heart.
470:claret
409:fondue
405:Moudon
323:, 1789
267:morels
263:capons
201:Belley
186:Belley
58:Belley
2655:Diets
971:Notes
871:Dijon
867:Nîmes
652:Works
526:Rhine
482:punch
246:]
217:Bugey
75:Paris
2124:OCLC
2107:OCLC
2085:ISBN
2063:ISBN
2044:ISBN
2022:ISBN
2003:ISBN
1986:OCLC
1964:ISBN
1945:ISBN
1923:ISBN
1901:ISBN
1884:OCLC
1865:ISBN
1843:ISBN
959:Kant
957:and
869:and
850:and
586:Abbé
512:The
480:and
474:port
292:and
209:Lyon
65:Died
52:Born
2193:at
2184:at
2175:at
897:'s
698:In
383:Ain
228:née
205:Ain
2883::
1816:,
1766:.
1735:.
1692:,
1487:^
1468:^
1380:^
1323:^
1293:^
1186:^
1165:^
1072:^
873:.
704:,
648:.
560:.
484:.
476:,
472:,
288:,
284:,
280:,
244:fr
223:.
203:,
190:c.
2238:e
2231:t
2224:v
2154:.
2130:.
2113:.
2093:.
2071:.
2052:.
2030:.
2011:.
1992:.
1972:.
1953:.
1931:.
1909:.
1890:.
1873:.
1851:.
1741:.
1018:.
141:(
128:(
102:)
98:(
27:.
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