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1061:, but it has been shown that this is a hasty reading of various letters. He was offered help by Count Mocenigo, the Russian envoy in Florence, but he declined. Louis Sifrein Maury, pp. 80-81. Poujoulat, p. 208. Maury wrote to Mocenigo on 2 July 1798: "Si je ne consultais que mon coeur et mes intĂ©rĂȘts, je partirais assurĂ©ment pour la Russie; mais j'appartiens Ă un corps, dont il ne serait ni noble ni sage de me sĂ©parer dans ces circonstances. Une juste dĂ©licatesse ne me permet guĂšre de quitter l'Italie avant d'avoir acquittĂ© la dette que peut m'imposer mon Ă©tat d'un moment Ă l'autre."
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392:, Bishop of Cesena, a diplomat with experience in Cologne and Portugal. Each of these candidates had enough committed votes to prevent the other from reaching the required 2/3 of the electors, and therefore they excluded each other. Finally, after three months and fourteen days, and with some hard work by Maury and others behind the scenes, the cardinals chose the Benedictine Bishop of Imola,
457:. On 5 November 1810, he was ordered by the pope to cease his activities in the diocese of Paris, and threatened him with ecclesiastical censures if he persisted, but Maury refused, claiming that the papal letter was a forgery. On 9 April 1814, the Chapter of Notre Dame met and revoked the powers which they had bestowed on Cardinal Maury in 1810. On 3 May 1814, therefore, in the
330:, already a captive, through one of his chamberlains ordered Maury to flee. He attempted to seek refuge in Florence, but the Duke was under French pressure to expel him. He did, however, provide Maury with a disguise and a place on a mission he was sending to Venice, where Maury finally settled, under the protection of the Austrians who had taken Venice from
1127:(Louvain: Ch. Peeters 1896), pp. 26-31: "We extend our exception to all cardinals of French origin, and to all those who have shown any disposition to espouse the cause of France.... In a most special manner we formally and absolutely exclude the cardinals Gerdil, Caprara, Antonelli, Maury, and those of the Doria family.... "
448:, Article 5, but Fesch was quite aware that Pius VII, who was Napoleon's prisoner, was refusing to provide bulls of institution for any bishops nominated by Bonaparte. On the refusal of Cardinal Fesch, on 10 October 1810 Napoleon nominated Maury. He also suggested to the Chapter of the cathedral of Paris that they elect him
422:, the French government insisted that Maury not be consulted or informed, and indeed that he should be kept out of Rome entirely. When the Concordat was signed, Louis XVIII was livid, believing that he had been betrayed by people in Rome whom he had believed to be his friends and supporters, including the Pope and Maury.
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His first steps in education took place at the school in Valréas, where he completed the course in humanities at the age of thirteen. He spent a year at the minor seminary (high school) of Sainte-Garde, and then transferred to the major seminary of St. Charles, which was run by the
Sulpician fathers.
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Pope Pius VI died in the prison fortress of
Valence on 29 August 1799. Before being deported to France he had signed and sealed several bulls which allowed the Cardinals to hold a conclave elsewhere than in Rome, if Rome were occupied by enemies, and dispensing them from the observance of the usual
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wrote to Maury, thanking him for his services at the conclave just concluded, and enclosing the documents which named Maury as his
Minister before the Holy See. Thereafter Maury made regular trips to Rome, on behalf of the affairs of Louis XVIII, but also to report to Pius about his correspondence
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Maury's eloquence could not exactly be described as studied ; yet it was the outcome of a well-stored mind, long trained in oratory; and hence, his speeches read far better than his rival's, whose rugged genius poured forth its torrents regardless of the rules of rhetoric. Mirabeau triumphed,
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Naauwkeurig verhaal der vervoering van Paus Pius VII, op last van
Buonaparte, der oorzaken van deze vervoering, der mishandelingen en vervolgingen, welke Zijne Heiligheid zoo wel op zijne reize naar, als gedurende zijn verblijf in Frankrijk geleden heeft, en zijner wederkomst in zijne staten. Met
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became law, provoking a schism between France and the
Catholic Church, and the breaking off of diplomatic relations between Rome and Paris. His life was often in danger, and he received a letter from Louis XVI on 3 February 1791, recommending greater circumspection and prudence. But his ready wit
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state that on 21 February 1794, the Pope "creavit et publicavit 8 S.R.E. card., nempe pbr. Antonium
Dugnani archiep. Rhodien., Hippolytum Vincenti archiep. Corinthien., Ioannem Sifredum Maury archiep. ep. Montis Falisci et Cornetan.,..." (Ritzler-Sefrin, p. 37, note 56). The words "created and
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of the clergy of PĂ©ronne which contained a considerable programme of reform.) It is said that he attempted to emigrate both in July and in
October 1789, having been placed on a list of proscriptions by the Orléanist faction, but after that time, deserted by nearly all his friends, he decided to
429:, congratulating him on restoring religion to France once more. On 18 May Napoleon was declared Emperor of the French, and in December Pius VII participated in his coronation in Notre Dame in Paris. In 1806 he did return and in 1807 was again received into the Académie française.
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in Rome (15 November 1796). He held a diocesan synod for the clergy, and made judicious use of the exiled French clergy, improving the teaching at the diocesan seminary by appointing two doctors of the
Sorbonne. In 1798, however, the French drove him from his diocese and from the
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to
Vercelli for conversations with the First Consul. Before he set out, Maury held several conversations with him, attempting to get Spina to come over to the side of the Bourbons. Spina was noncommittal, but Maury failed. When negotiations began in Paris which led to the
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to work for the assembling of a conclave. In a letter to Louis on 12 October, Maury noted that there were twenty-three cardinals assembled in Venice. On 2 November 1799, there were thirty-three cardinals in Venice, and ultimately thirty-five took part, once the
Austrian
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in Venice. He was not himself a viable candidate. He had no party of supporters, and he was generally looked askance at because he was French. The Austrian government named him as one of the cardinals who was absolutely unacceptable as pope. They preferred Cardinal
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rules and regulations governing a conclave, as had been embodied in various papal bulls since the thirteenth century. There were no cardinals left in Rome or the Papal States, and those who had fled to Naples were driven out when a popular uprising created the
485:, on 12 May 1815, for his disobedience to the papal orders. He was held for three months and fourteen days, until Consalvi returned from Vienna and ordered him released. He was allowed to take up residence in the novice house of the Lazarist fathers at
129:. FĂ©nelon's grand-nephew, Leo François Ferdinand Salignac de La Mothe-FĂ©nelon, who was bishop of Lombez (1771â1788), was so impressed by Maury's laudation of his relative that he granted him a canonry in his cathedral and named him a Vicar General.
250:
On 2 November 1789, Catholic Church property that was held for purposes of church revenue was nationalized. On 13 February 1790, monastic vows were forbidden and all ecclesiastical orders and congregations were dissolved. On 12 July 1790 the
499:. On 28 March 1816, he issued a royal ordonnance, restoring the pre-revolutionary titles and structure of France's academies, and adding lists of members. Maury's name was deliberately left off the list of members of the
1184:"The nominations to the bishoprics which shall be vacant in the future shall likewise be made by the First Consul, and the canonical institution shall be given by the Holy See. in conformity with the preceding article."
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because he was the man of the hour, giving voice to the unavenged wrongs and pent-up passions of millions. Maury fell back, step by step, with his face to the foe, making the conquerors pay dearly for their victory.
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of the diocese. The suggestion was immediately obeyed, by the majority of the Canons. Maury never called himself Archbishop of Paris, only archbishop-designate and Capitular Administrator of the diocese during the
1427:
Correspondance diplomatique et mémoires inédits du cardinal Maury (1792-1817): L'élection du dernier roi des Romains. Les affaires de France. Le conclave de Venise. Le concordat de 1801. Le sacre. L'empire. La
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144:, who caused him to be recommended to Cardinal De La Roche-Aymon, the prelate responsible for the dispensation of royal benefices. Maury was granted the Abbey of La Frénade in the diocese of Saintes
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would preserve him for a month. He finally decided, however, that it was too dangerous for him to remain in France, and in October 1791 he fled to Bruxelles, then Coblenz, and finally Rome.
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In 1804, having discovered the direction of papal policy and feeling the estrangement with Louis XVIII, Cardinal Maury began to prepare his return to France by a well-turned letter to
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he took an active part in every important debate, combating with especial vigour the alienation of the property of the clergy. He often got the better of his principal antagonist,
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and information gathering about the French bishops who had refused the oath to the Civil Constitution of the Clergy and gone into exile. But the papal government, led by Cardinal
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351:. The only friendly territory appeared to be Austrian, and the cardinals gradually headed for Venice. Maury, who was in Venice, had already been commissioned by
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with Napoleon on behalf of Pope Pius VI, since it acknowledged Austria's possession of the three Italian legations of the Papal States. Others, led by Cardinal
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toward the end of 1814, he was summarily expelled from the French Academy and from the archiepiscopal palace in Paris. He was ordered to leave France by the
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As a politician, his wit and eloquence made him a worthy rival of Mirabeau. He sacrificed much to personal ambition, yet remained publicly unremembered by
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173:, and remained a French classic through the nineteenth century, as long as elegant rhetoric was valued in the pulpit. The book was often reprinted as
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Maury retired to Rome. On the news of Napoleon's escape from Elba, Pius VII fled from the city, leaving the pro-Secretary of State, Cardinal
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in Italy. There he settled down, conducted a thorough diocesan visitation, and wrote a detailed report of the status of the diocese for the
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150:. The Cardinal also appointed him to preach before the King on Holy Thursday 1773, during Advent 1773, and at Versailles during Lent 1775.
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and by the papacy as the one defender of the Church during the States-General. As a critic, he was and is considered a very able writer.
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Maury accompanied Pope Pius on his journey to Rome from Venice, and then traveled himself to Montefiascone. On 21 April 1800, the exiled
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Vie privĂ©e de l'abbĂ© Maury, Ă©crite sur des mĂ©moires fournis par lui-mĂȘme, pour joindre Ă son Petit CarĂȘme... [par J. R. HĂ©bert]
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In 1786, he obtained the rich priory of Saint Pierre, to which belonged the Seigneurie de Lihons-en-Santerre (Lyons), near PĂ©ronne;
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Beik, Paul H. âAbbĂ© Maury and the National Assembly.â Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society 95, no. 5 (1951): 546â55.
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819:"C'est dommage! dit le roi; si l'abbé Maury nous avait parlé un peu de religion, il nous aurait parlé de tout." Poujoulat, p. 37.
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Eloge de trĂšs-haute, trĂšs-puissant et trĂšs-exellen prince Stanislas le Bienfaisant, roi de l'Pologne, duc de Lorraine et de Bar
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said of his sermon: "If the abbé had said only a few words on religion, he would have discussed every possible subject."
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Foreign Policy and the French Revolution: Charles-François Dumouriez, Pierre LeBrun, and the Belgian Plan, 1789â1793
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Ritzler and Sefrin, pp. 38 no. 67; 49 column 2. Scannell, p. 1066, states that Maury had been created a cardinal
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Eloge de François de Salignac de La Motte-Fénelon, archevéque-duc de Cambray, précepteur des enfants de France
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Un peu plus de lumiĂšre sur le Conclave de Venise et sur les commencements du Pontificat de Pie VII, 1799-1800
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Oeuvres choisies du Cardinal Jean-Sifrein Maury...: précédées d'une notice sur sa vie et ses ouvrages...
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Maury died on 10 May 1817, primarily from a disease contracted in prison, thought to have been scurvy.
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Tome treiziĂšme (Paris: Ă l'Administration du Journal des notaires et des avocats 1839), pp. 469-471.
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1473:(in French). Vol. Tome quatriĂšme (seconde ed.). Paris: Garnier FrĂšres. pp. 199â217.
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281:(Turkey) on 24 April 1792. He was consecrated in Rome in the Vatican Basilica at the altar of the
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La france litteraire, ou dictionnaire bibliographique des savants, historiens, et gens de lettres
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before his flight from Paris in October 1791. It is true that Pope Pius had named a cardinal
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in 1767, having been granted a dispensation because he was below the canonical minimum age.
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appointed Maury to be his Nuncio in Frankfort, where the imperial diet intended to elect
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177:. He became a favorite preacher in Paris, and was Lent preacher at court in 1781, when
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1552:(in French). Vol. Tome cinquiĂšme. Paris: Firmin Didot freres. pp. 648â651.
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Opinion de M. l'abbé Maury, député de Picardie, sur la Constitution civile du Clergé
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In 1765 he took up residence in Paris. He was ordained a priest at Sens by Cardinal
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in charge. Pacca took advantage of the moment and ordered Maury imprisoned in the
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L'abbé Maury (1746-1791) : L'Abbé Maury avant 1789, L'Abbé Maury et Mirabeau
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1030:(in French). Vol. Tome premier. Lille: DesclĂ©e de Brouwer. pp. 156â179.
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Vie du cardinal Jean Sifrein Maury: avec des notes et des piĂšces justificatives
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Maury represented the clergy of PĂ©ronne (Somme) at the Constituent Assembly....
694:. Vol. XIII. Dublin: Browne and Nolan. 1892. pp. 990â1004, 1066â1087.
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1372:. Vol. 17 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 915â916.
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Correspondance diplomatique et mémoires inédits du cardinal Maury (1792-1817)
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Esprit, pensées et maximes de m. l'abbé Maury, député a l'Assemblée Nationale
221:, proving from the first to be the most able and persevering defender of the
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Correspondance diplomatique et mémoires inédits du Cardinal Maury: 1792-1817
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1431:(in French). Vol. Tome premier. Lille: Desclée, De Brouwer & cie.
844:. Oxford: The Voltaire Foundation at the Taylor Institution. p. 324.
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1143:. Vol. V. New York: F. Pustet & Company. pp. 1â10, at p. 8.
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Opinion de M. l'abbé Maury, député de Picardie, sur l'hotel des Invalides
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of Austria as Holy Roman Emperor. He appointed him Archbishop of Nicaea
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971:. Vol. VI (1730-1799). Patavii: Messagero di S. Antonio. p.
140:, delivered in the chapel of the Louvre on 25 August 1772, before the
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Essai sur l'éloquence de la chaire, panégyriques, éloges et discours
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Le Cardinal Maury d'aprÚs ses mémoires et sa correspondance inédits
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This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
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Correspondence diplomatique et mémoires inédits du Cardinal Maury
444:, to the See of Paris This was his right, in accordance with the
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arrived. The opening ceremonies took place on 30 November 1799.
86:, where he was educated. He received the subdiaconate at Meaux.
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François Alexandre Frédéric, duc de la Rochefoucauld-Liancourt
626:
Lettre pastorale de son eminence monseigneur le cardinal Maury
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82:
His acuteness was observed by the priests of the seminary at
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Recueil général annoté des lois, decrets, ordonnances, etc.,
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in Rome. On the day he was named cardinal, he was also made
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of famous persons, then a favorite practice, beginning with
367:
Maury was the only one of the five French cardinals at the
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1508:(in French) (nouvelle ed.). Paris: E. Cornély et cie.
939:
937:
935:
4019:
1383:(in French). Vol. Tome premier. Paris: Aucher-Leroy.
722:
720:
718:
716:
714:
712:
710:
225:. (He had, nonetheless, drawn up the greater part of the
132:
The real foundation of his fortunes was the success of a
1515:
written against Maury during the Revolution, claimed by
1003:
published" seem to exclude the mere public announcement.
900:. London-New York: Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 44, 47.
703:. Vol. X. New York: Appleton. 1911. pp. 72â73.
1505:
Les orateurs de la révolution: L'Assemblée constituante
932:
200:. His morals were as loose as those of his great rival
994:
on 26 September 1791, following the death of Cardinal
893:
707:
5540:
Members of the National Constituent Assembly (France)
263:
When he did emigrate, he found himself regarded as a
4935:
List of people associated with the French Revolution
1914:
François-Xavier-Marc-Antoine de Montesquiou-Fézensac
571:Ăloge de Charles V, roi de France, surnommĂ© le sage'
495:
dealt another blow to Cardinal Maury's prestige and
396:, an accommodating person with no strong positions.
204:, but he was famed in Paris for his wit and gaiety.
5167:
Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen
2257:
Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen
1711:
Michel-Louis-Ătienne Regnaud de Saint-Jean d'AngĂ©ly
1462:(in French) (deuxieme ed.). Paris: C. Douniol.
297:On 21 February 1794, Maury was named a cardinal by
1206:La France pontificale (Gallia Christiana): Paris I
376:of Florence (a native Roman), who had signed the
5496:
4093:Frederick Louis, Prince of Hohenlohe-Ingelfingen
1537:(in French). Paris: De l'Imprimerie de J. Grand.
1157:seconde Ă©dition (Paris: Plon 1866), pp. 263-273.
929:Louis Sifrein Maury, pp. 62-63. Fisquet, p. 563.
1072:Correspondence diplomatique et mémoires inédits
1042:Correspondence diplomatique et mémoires inédits
892:Poujoulat, pp. 69-83. Scannell, pp. 1000-1004.
585:. Paris, Chez la veuve Regnard & Demonville
187:
5322:Charles-Gaspard-Guillaume de Vintimille du Luc
2135:Significant civil and political events by year
1841:
1377:Maury, Jean-Sifrein (1827). Ricard, A. (ed.).
1202:
1136:
1021:
841:Studies on Voltaire and the eighteenth century
196:, successor to the chair formerly occupied by
5258:
2022:
1874:François-Joseph de Beaupoil de Sainte-Aulaire
1827:
1630:
1616:
964:
565:. A Paris, chez Antoine Desventes de la Doué
267:to the church and the king. On 17 April 1792
96:
5188:
5147:
5123:
5104:
4088:Charles William Ferdinand, Duke of Brunswick
1491:
1484:(in French). Paris: E. Plon, Nourrit et cie.
1466:
965:Ritzler, Remigius; Sefrin, Pirminus (1958).
635:eenen brief van Z.H. aan den kardinaal Maury
50:, archbishop of Paris, and former bishop of
2775:
1209:(in French). Paris: Etienne Repos. p.
1196:
968:Hierarchia catholica medii et recentis aevi
696:Thomas B. Scannell, "Jean Siffrein Maury",
537:gives him the credit of discovering Father
256:always saved him, and it was said that one
5545:Expelled members of the Académie Française
5374:Alexandre-Angélique Talleyrand de Périgord
5265:
5251:
4292:Alexandre-Théodore-Victor, comte de Lameth
2029:
2015:
1834:
1820:
1695:Jean-Jacques Lefranc, Marquis de Pompignan
1623:
1609:
1593:Alexandre-Angélique Talleyrand de Périgord
1175:Scannell, "Cardinal Maury," pp. 1074-1075.
1114:Scannell, "Cardinal Maury," pp. 1069-1071.
998:(Ritzler-Sefrin, p. 37, note 56), but the
436:died on 10 June 1808. By imperial decree,
388:, and including Maury, preferred Cardinal
4557:Louis Michel le Peletier de Saint-Fargeau
4215:Honoré Gabriel Riqueti, comte de Mirabeau
4038:Prince Frederick, Duke of York and Albany
1455:
837:
591:Panégyrique de Saint Louis. Roi de France
338:. He arrived in Venice on 17 April 1798.
125:the second prize, second only to that by
5337:Antoine-Eléonore-Léon Le Clerc de Juigné
5272:
4989:
2273:Nationalization of the Church properties
1498:. Paris: Administration des deux revues.
1459:Le Cardinal Maury: sa vie et ses oeuvres
1456:Poujoulat, Jean-Joseph-François (1859).
1358:
943:
726:
153:In 1777 he published under the title of
18:
5218:Historiography of the French Revolution
4489:Antoine Christophe Merlin de Thionville
4200:Gilbert du Motier, Marquis de Lafayette
1545:
1467:Sainte-Beuve, Charles-Augustin (1853).
920:Fisquet, p. 563. Poujolat, pp. 197-198.
810:"Essay on the eloquence of the pulpit".
545:his rightful place as a preacher above
301:, and on 12 September was assigned the
5497:
4225:Charles Maurice de Talleyrand-PĂ©rigord
4180:Other significant figures and factions
1530:
1501:
1477:
1423:
670:. Lille: Desclée, De Brouwer & cie
192:In 1785 Abbé Maury was elected to the
5246:
5093:
4988:
4272:François-Marie, marquis de Barthélemy
4178:
4028:James Saumarez, 1st Baron de Saumarez
3967:Prince Josias of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld
3925:Friedrich Adolf, Count von Kalckreuth
3528:
2774:
2405:Paris Commune becomes insurrectionary
2133:
2036:
2010:
1815:
1679:Charles-Irénée Castel de Saint-Pierre
1604:
1444:
1433:
1412:
1403:
1394:
1385:
1376:
341:
62:The son of a cobbler, he was born at
38:
4426:Louis Marie de La RĂ©velliĂšre-LĂ©peaux
3838:Claude Victor-Perrin, Duc de Belluno
3529:
2625:Insurrection of 12 Germinal Year III
620:. A Paris, Au Bureau de l'Ami du Roi
169:, a volume which contains much good
43:; 26 June 1746 â 10 May 1817) was a
5327:Jacques Bonne-Gigault de Bellefonds
5094:
4033:Edward Pellew, 1st Viscount Exmouth
1323:Fisquet, p. 568. Poujoulat, p. 433.
1302:Fisquet, p. 568. Poujoulat, p. 428.
474:, Lieutenant-General of the Realm.
241:, but he did not win a single vote.
74:within France that belonged to the
13:
5394:François-Nicholas-Madeleine Morlot
5223:Influence of the French Revolution
5213:Symbolism in the French Revolution
3977:Prince Heinrich XV of Reuss-Plauen
3938:Charles Eugene, Prince of Lambesc
2193:Convocation of the Estates General
1502:Aulard, François-Alphonse (1905).
687:T. B. Scannell, "Cardinal Maury,"
432:The Archbishop of Paris, Cardinal
315:Sacred Congregation of the Council
167:Essai sur l'Ă©loquence de la chaire
14:
5576:
5565:Cardinals created by Pope Pius VI
5535:Counts of the First French Empire
5312:François de Harlay de Champvallon
4865:Guillaume-Chrétien de Malesherbes
4597:Antoine Quentin Fouquier-Tinville
3899:Archduke Charles, Duke of Teschen
3681:François Christophe de Kellermann
2920:Battle of Peyrestortes (Pyrenees)
1276:The Secretary of State, Cardinal
438:Napoleon I, Emperor of the French
5555:18th-century French male writers
5477:
5364:Jean Baptiste de Belloy-Morangle
5307:Hardouin de Péréfixe de Beaumont
4592:Philippe-Antoine Merlin de Douai
4499:Pierre Samuel du Pont de Nemours
4469:Lazare Nicolas Marguerite Carnot
4360:Jean-Marie Roland de la PlatiĂšre
4138:
4103:
4073:
4048:
4005:
3879:
3756:Ădouard Mortier, Duke of TrĂ©vise
3537:
2309:Civil Constitution of the Clergy
1576:Jean Baptiste de Belloy-Morangle
1346:
575:. A Paris; chez la veuve Duchsne
386:Dean of the College of Cardinals
253:Civil Constitution of the Clergy
113:in 1767. On 25 August 1771, the
101:He tried his fortune by writing
5409:François-Marie-Benjamin Richard
4930:Jean-Jacques Duval d'Eprémesnil
4677:Jacques-Nicolas Billaud-Varenne
4602:Philippe-François-Joseph Le Bas
3813:Jean-Mathieu-Philibert SĂ©rurier
3808:Barthélemy Louis Joseph Schérer
3788:Catherine-Dominique de PĂ©rignon
3616:Adam Philippe, Comte de Custine
2534:Marie Antoinette is guillotined
1882:Jean-Jacques d'Ortous de Mairan
1326:
1317:
1305:
1296:
1287:
1270:
1261:
1248:
1239:
1230:
1217:
1187:
1178:
1169:
1160:
1147:
1130:
1117:
1108:
1099:
1086:
1077:
1064:
1047:
1034:
1015:
1006:
980:
958:
949:
923:
914:
894:Patricia Chastain Howe (2008).
886:
877:
868:
831:
822:
813:
804:
795:
691:The Irish Ecclesiastical Record
656:. La Haye, chez J.-W. ten Hagen
638:. Te Deventer, bij J.W. Robijns
553:
207:He was elected a member of the
157:his panegyrics on Saint Louis,
5389:Marie Dominique Auguste Sibour
5203:Women in the French Revolution
4805:Louis Antoine, Duke of Enghien
3982:Johann MĂ©szĂĄros von SzoboszlĂł
3646:Pierre Marie Barthélemy Ferino
3275:French invasion of Switzerland
1759:Alfred-Henri-Marie Baudrillart
1546:Querard, Joseph Marie (1833).
786:
777:
768:
759:
750:
741:
732:
681:
440:nominated his uncle, Cardinal
399:
1:
5520:19th-century French cardinals
5208:Incroyables and merveilleuses
5027:Pierre Claude François Daunou
4815:Louis Joseph, Prince of Condé
3946:Maximilian Baillet de Latour
3917:Friedrich Freiherr von Hotze
3214:Naval Engagement off Brittany
2967:Battle of Villers-en-Cauchies
2941:Battle of Truillas (Pyrenees)
2750:Constitution of the Year VIII
2485:Committee of General Security
2370:National Legislative Assembly
2225:National Constituent Assembly
1531:Hébert, Jacques-René (1790).
1445:Maury, Louis Sifrein (1828).
1434:Maury, Jean Siffrein (1891).
1155:MĂ©moires du Cardinal Consalvi
1053:Some narratives place him in
674:
529:as a courageous supporter of
235:National Constituent Assembly
5126:Liberté, égalité, fraternité
4920:Charles Alexandre de Calonne
4810:Louis Henri, Prince of Condé
4707:Jean Baptiste Noël Bouchotte
4607:Marc-Guillaume Alexis Vadier
4297:Charles Malo François Lameth
3972:Peter Vitus von Quosdanovich
3803:Laurent de Gouvion Saint-Cyr
3746:Bon-Adrien Jeannot de Moncey
2946:Second Battle of Wissembourg
2633:Constitution of the Year III
1519:but sometimes attributed to
1488:Bonet-Maury, Gaston (1892).
1413:Maury, Jean-Sifrein (1827).
1404:Maury, Jean-Sifrein (1827).
1395:Maury, Jean-Sifrein (1827).
1386:Maury, Jean-Sifrein (1827).
977:Louis Siffrein Maury, p. 67.
838:Besterman, Theodore (1986).
394:Gregorio Barnaba Chiaramonti
307:Santissima TrinitĂ dei Monti
188:Politician in the revolution
161:and FĂ©nelon, his remarks on
57:
25:Predicateur du Roi de France
7:
5560:19th-century French writers
5550:18th-century French writers
5297:Jean François Paul de Gondi
5022:Charles-Augustin de Coulomb
4647:Antoine Christophe Saliceti
4582:Jean-Marie Collot d'Herbois
4542:Louis Antoine de Saint-Just
4421:Jean-Baptiste Robert Lindet
4406:JĂ©rĂŽme PĂ©tion de Villeneuve
4401:Pierre Victurnien Vergniaud
4210:Isaac René Guy le Chapelier
4063:William V, Prince of Orange
2933:First Battle of Wissembourg
2890:(21 Dec 1792 - 25 May 1793)
2606:Closing of the Jacobin Club
2475:(27 Jun 1793 â 27 Jul 1794)
2432:(20 Sep 1792 â 26 Oct 1795)
2292:Abolition of the Parlements
2265:Women's March on Versailles
1225:Irish Ecclesiastical Record
1012:Ritzler and Sefrin, p. 295.
955:Louis Sifrein Maury, p. 66.
292:
287:Francesco Saverio de Zelada
16:French cardinal (1746â1817)
10:
5581:
5342:Jean-Baptiste-Joseph Gobel
5157:French Republican calendar
4712:Jean-Baptiste-Joseph Gobel
4337:Bertrand BarĂšre de Vieuzac
3691:Pierre Choderlos de Laclos
3641:Charles François Dumouriez
3631:Jacques François Dugommier
3445:League of Armed Neutrality
3278:(28 January â 17 May 1798)
3230:Battle of the Bay of CĂĄdiz
3053:(22 Nov 1794 - 7 Jun 1795)
3032:(22 Nov 1794 - 7 Jun 1795)
2696:Second Congress of Rastatt
2480:Committee of Public Safety
2467:(9 Mar 1793 â 31 May 1795)
1930:Ustazade Silvestre de Sacy
1751:Adrien Albert Marie de Mun
1451:(in French). Paris: Gayet.
1339:
738:Louis Sifrein Maury, p. 1.
487:San Silvestro al Quirinale
285:on 1 May 1792 by Cardinal
97:Early efforts in eloquence
5472:
5379:Hyacinthe-Louis De Quelen
5350:
5317:Louis-Antoine de Noailles
5280:
5172:Cult of the Supreme Being
5100:
5089:
4995:
4984:
4943:
4777:
4770:
4655:
4512:
4434:
4345:
4332:Pierre Paul Royer-Collard
4238:
4187:Patriotic Society of 1789
4185:
4174:
4136:
4101:
4071:
4046:
4003:
3990:Karl Philipp Sebottendorf
3912:Karl Aloys zu FĂŒrstenberg
3877:
3868:
3846:
3551:
3535:
3524:
3493:
3456:
3429:Convention of Alessandria
3411:
3318:
3265:
3196:
3066:
3040:
2957:
2854:
2781:
2770:
2726:
2715:Law of 22 Floréal Year VI
2707:
2680:
2617:
2553:
2448:
2381:
2330:
2284:
2176:What Is the Third Estate?
2167:
2140:
2129:
2044:
1852:
1727:Pierre Paul Royer-Collard
1641:
1589:
1580:
1572:
1565:
1140:Studies in Church History
509:
107:King Stanislaus of Poland
78:. He had three brothers.
5525:Bishops of Montefiascone
5429:Emmanuel CĂ©lestin Suhard
5404:Joseph Hippolyte Guibert
4880:Gui-Jean-Baptiste Target
4845:Joséphine de Beauharnais
4727:Stanislas-Marie Maillard
4697:François-Nicolas Vincent
4682:Pierre Gaspard Chaumette
3856:Charles-Alexandre Linois
3751:Jean Victor Marie Moreau
3731:François Séverin Marceau
3711:François Joseph Lefebvre
3606:Jean-Ătienne Championnet
3581:Louis-Alexandre Berthier
3576:Jean-Baptiste Bernadotte
3571:Alexandre de Beauharnais
3561:Eustache Charles d'Aoust
3283:French Invasion of Egypt
3161:Second Battle of Bassano
2895:Battle of Kaiserslautern
2669:Conspiracy of the Equals
2362:The Constitution of 1791
2233:Storming of the Bastille
1898:Gui-Jean-Baptiste Target
1478:Ricard, Antoine (1887).
1424:Ricard, Antoine (1891).
334:â who had destroyed the
175:Principes de l'Ă©loquence
4860:Jacques-Donatien Le Ray
4732:Charles-Philippe Ronsin
4692:Antoine-François Momoro
4687:Charles-Philippe Ronsin
4504:François de Neufchùteau
4454:Charles-François Lebrun
4396:Jean Baptiste Treilhard
4277:Guillaume-Mathieu Dumas
4153:Luis Firmin de Carvajal
3959:Rudolf Ritter von Otto
3954:Karl Mack von Leiberich
3586:Jean-Baptiste BessiĂšres
3400:Second Battle of Zurich
3291:Irish Rebellion of 1798
3137:First Battle of Bassano
2975:Second Battle of Boulou
2776:Revolutionary campaigns
2734:Coup of 30 Prairial VII
2649:Council of Five Hundred
2437:First republic declared
2373:(1 Oct 1791 â Sep 1792)
2354:Declaration of Pillnitz
2078:Constitutional monarchy
1866:Jacques Testu de Belval
1687:Pierre Louis Maupertuis
1369:EncyclopĂŠdia Britannica
1203:Honoré Fisquet (1864).
1166:Poujoulat, pp. 245-250.
1137:Reuben Parsons (1898).
1022:Antoine Ricard (1891).
517:EncyclopĂŠdia Britannica
464:"Gravissimis de Causis"
450:Administrator capitular
434:Jean-Baptiste de Belloy
311:bishop of Montefiascone
209:Estates-General of 1789
91:Paul d'Albert de Luynes
40:[ÊÉÌsifÊÉÌmoÊi]
5484:Catholicism portal
5332:Christophe de Beaumont
5292:Jean-François de Gondi
5189:
5148:
5124:
5105:
4617:Prieur de la CĂŽte-d'Or
4612:Jean-Pierre-André Amar
4522:Maximilien Robespierre
4355:Jacques Pierre Brissot
4220:Emmanuel Joseph SieyĂšs
3651:Louis-Charles de Flers
3636:Thomas-Alexandre Dumas
3601:Jean François Carteaux
3376:First Battle of Zurich
3339:(20 Mar â 21 May 1799)
3294:(23 May â 23 Sep 1798)
3254:Treaty of Campo Formio
3000:Glorious First of June
2928:(18 Sep â 18 Dec 1793)
2887:Expedition to Sardinia
2565:Desmoulins guillotined
2500:Assassination of Marat
2492:Fall of the Girondists
2464:Revolutionary Tribunal
2456:Execution of Louis XVI
2346:Champ de Mars massacre
2249:Abolition of Feudalism
1567:Catholic Church titles
1492:
611:. A Paris, chez Cuchet
594:. A Paris: Chez Le Jay
551:
248:
28:
5062:Jean-Jacques Rousseau
4327:Jean-Charles Pichegru
4307:Jean-François Rewbell
3793:Jean-Charles Pichegru
3676:Jean-Baptiste Jourdan
3666:Jacques Maurice Hatry
3437:Battle of Hohenlinden
3310:(12 Oct â 5 Dec 1798)
3145:Battle of Emmendingen
3092:Battle of Castiglione
2979:(30 Apr â 1 May 1794)
2910:Battle of Hondschoote
2581:Thermidorian Reaction
2545:(throughout the year)
2318:FĂȘte de la FĂ©dĂ©ration
2244:(20 Jul â 5 Aug 1789)
2228:(9 Jul â 30 Sep 1791)
2212:(17 Jun â 9 Jul 1790)
1256:Vie du Cardinal Maury
1254:Louis Sifrein Maury,
883:Scannell, p. 998-999.
801:Poujoulat, pp. 35-37.
774:Poujoulat, pp. 10-11.
700:Catholic Encyclopedia
523:
349:Parthenopean Republic
326:on 12 February 1798.
243:
211:by the clergy of the
36:French pronunciation:
22:
5530:Archbishops of Paris
5515:People from Provence
5274:Archbishops of Paris
4990:Influential thinkers
4737:Jean-François Varlet
4637:Jean-Lambert Tallien
4632:Jean Bon Saint-André
4459:Pierre-Joseph Cambon
4381:Marquis de Condorcet
4230:Nicolas de Condorcet
3995:Dagobert von Wurmser
3828:Louis-Gabriel Suchet
3771:Pierre-Jacques Osten
3686:Jean-Baptiste Kléber
3621:Louis-Nicolas Davout
3611:Chapuis de Tourville
3153:Battle of Schliengen
3100:Battle of Theiningen
3021:Battle of Aldenhoven
2905:Battle of Wattignies
2874:Battle of Neerwinden
2688:Coup of 18 Fructidor
2201:Death of the Dauphin
1938:EugĂšne Marin Labiche
1719:Pierre-Simon Laplace
1647:Claude de Malleville
1521:RĂ©tif de la Bretonne
1364:Maury, Jean Siffrein
1096:Vol. I, pp. 227-228.
1074:, I, p. 185, note 1.
283:Chair of Saint Peter
198:Lefranc de Pompignan
5449:Jean-Marie Lustiger
5419:Louis-Ernest Dubois
5414:LĂ©on-Adolphe Amette
5384:Denis Auguste Affre
5077:Mary Wollstonecraft
4855:Jean Sylvain Bailly
4642:Pierre Louis Prieur
4587:Jean-Henri Voulland
4562:Jacques-Louis David
4494:Jean Joseph Mounier
4195:Jean Sylvain Bailly
3833:Belgrand de Vaubois
3721:Jean-Antoine Marbot
3661:Emmanuel de Grouchy
3466:Treaty of Lunéville
3105:Battle of Neresheim
3050:Siege of Luxembourg
3029:Siege of Luxembourg
2984:Battle of Tourcoing
2915:Siege of Bellegarde
2742:Coup of 18 Brumaire
2654:Council of Ancients
2429:National Convention
2421:September Massacres
2397:Brunswick Manifesto
2389:France declares war
2156:Assembly of Vizille
1671:Jean-Louis Bergeret
1583:Archbishop of Paris
1517:Jacques René Hébert
1193:Bonet-Maury, p. 18.
1123:Charles van Duerm,
468:Bourbon restoration
378:Treaty of Tolentino
5369:Jean-Sifrein Maury
4915:Loménie de Brienne
4890:Madame de Lamballe
4825:Napoléon Bonaparte
4622:Prieur de la Marne
4537:Camille Desmoulins
4391:Marie Jean HĂ©rault
4267:Jean-Sifrein Maury
4262:Arnaud de La Porte
4118:Alexander Korsakov
3904:Count of Clerfayt
3823:Jean-de-Dieu Soult
3736:Auguste de Marmont
3591:Napoléon Bonaparte
3482:Algeciras campaign
3474:Treaty of Florence
3352:Battle of Stockach
3185:Ireland expedition
3169:Battle of Calliano
3129:Battle of Rovereto
3121:Battle of WĂŒrzburg
2573:Law of 22 Prairial
2542:Anti-clerical laws
2517:The Death of Marat
2338:Flight to Varennes
1906:Jean-Sifrein Maury
1843:Académie française
1735:Charles de RĂ©musat
1703:Jean-Sifrein Maury
1663:GĂ©raud de Cordemoy
1632:Académie française
1470:Causeries du Lundi
1282:Congress of Vienna
1280:was attending the
1267:Scannell, p. 1079.
1153:Hercule Consalvi,
1083:Poujoulat, p. 208.
996:Loménie de Brienne
501:Académie française
483:Castel Sant'Angelo
342:Conclave in Venice
230:remain in France.
194:Académie française
142:Académie française
115:Académie française
32:Jean-Sifrein Maury
29:
5492:
5491:
5454:André Vingt-Trois
5354:French Revolution
5240:
5239:
5236:
5235:
5114:Cockade of France
5085:
5084:
5047:Antoine Lavoisier
5037:Benjamin Franklin
5017:Anacharsis Cloots
4980:
4979:
4976:
4975:
4900:Louis de Breteuil
4742:Theophile Leclerc
4170:
4169:
4166:
4165:
4123:Alexander Suvorov
3864:
3863:
3798:JĂłzef Poniatowski
3716:Ătienne Macdonald
3520:
3519:
3421:Battle of Marengo
3384:Battle of Trebbia
3368:Battle of Cassano
3360:Battle of Magnano
3344:Battle of Ostrach
3246:Battle of Neuwied
3008:Battle of Fleurus
2992:Battle of Tournay
2869:War in the Vendée
2805:Royalist Revolts
2766:
2765:
2323:
2299:Abolition of the
2217:Tennis Court Oath
2209:National Assembly
2038:French Revolution
2004:
2003:
1809:
1808:
1599:
1598:
1590:Succeeded by
1057:, a guest of the
1024:"A Montefiascone"
907:978-0-230-61688-2
792:Scannell, p. 995.
783:Poujoulat, p. 19.
765:Poujoulat, p. 18.
514:According to the
446:Concordat of 1801
420:Concordat of 1801
374:Alessandro Mattei
360:and the Spaniard
5572:
5482:
5481:
5267:
5260:
5253:
5244:
5243:
5194:
5182:Temple of Reason
5153:
5129:
5110:
5091:
5090:
5042:Thomas Jefferson
4986:
4985:
4905:de Chateaubriand
4835:Joseph Bonaparte
4830:Lucien Bonaparte
4820:Marie Antoinette
4775:
4774:
4762:Sylvain Maréchal
4717:François Hanriot
4552:Louis Philippe I
4479:Louis Philippe I
4474:Philippe ĂgalitĂ©
4416:Olympe de Gouges
4386:Charlotte Corday
4376:Ătienne ClaviĂšre
4176:
4175:
4158:Antonio Ricardos
4143:
4142:
4128:Andrei Rosenberg
4108:
4107:
4078:
4077:
4053:
4052:
4023:Ralph Abercromby
4010:
4009:
3985:
3962:
3949:
3941:
3933:
3920:
3907:
3884:
3883:
3875:
3874:
3779:
3726:Marcellin Marbot
3549:
3548:
3542:
3541:
3530:Military leaders
3526:
3525:
3513:
3505:
3501:Treaty of Amiens
3486:
3478:
3470:
3449:
3441:
3433:
3425:
3404:
3403:(25â26 Sep 1799)
3396:
3388:
3387:(17â20 Jun 1799)
3380:
3372:
3371:(27â28 Apr 1799)
3364:
3356:
3348:
3347:(20â21 Mar 1799)
3340:
3332:
3328:Second Coalition
3311:
3303:
3295:
3287:
3279:
3258:
3250:
3242:
3238:Treaty of Leoben
3234:
3226:
3225:(14â15 Jan 1797)
3222:Battle of Rivoli
3218:
3210:
3206:Italian campaign
3189:
3181:
3180:(15â17 Nov 1796)
3177:Battle of Arcole
3173:
3165:
3157:
3149:
3141:
3133:
3125:
3117:
3113:Battle of Amberg
3109:
3096:
3088:
3084:Battle of Lonato
3080:
3076:Italian campaign
3054:
3033:
3025:
3012:
3004:
2996:
2988:
2980:
2971:
2950:
2949:(26â27 Dec 1793)
2937:
2929:
2891:
2883:
2879:Battle of Famars
2847:
2772:
2771:
2754:
2746:
2738:
2719:
2700:
2692:
2673:
2665:
2645:
2637:
2629:
2610:
2602:
2594:
2585:
2577:
2569:
2546:
2538:
2530:
2522:
2512:
2504:
2496:
2476:
2468:
2460:
2441:
2433:
2425:
2417:
2409:
2401:
2393:
2374:
2366:
2358:
2350:
2342:
2341:(20â21 Jun 1791)
2321:
2313:
2305:
2296:
2277:
2269:
2261:
2253:
2245:
2237:
2229:
2221:
2213:
2205:
2197:
2189:
2181:
2160:
2152:
2148:Day of the Tiles
2131:
2130:
2031:
2024:
2017:
2008:
2007:
1997:
1989:
1981:
1973:
1965:
1962:Ernest SeilliĂšre
1957:
1949:
1941:
1933:
1925:
1917:
1909:
1901:
1893:
1885:
1877:
1869:
1861:
1858:Guillaume Bautru
1836:
1829:
1822:
1813:
1812:
1802:
1794:
1786:
1778:
1770:
1762:
1754:
1746:
1738:
1730:
1722:
1714:
1706:
1698:
1690:
1682:
1674:
1666:
1658:
1650:
1625:
1618:
1611:
1602:
1601:
1586:1810–1817
1573:Preceded by
1563:
1562:
1553:
1538:
1509:
1495:
1485:
1474:
1463:
1452:
1441:
1432:
1420:
1411:
1402:
1393:
1384:
1373:
1352:
1350:
1349:
1333:
1332:Fisquet, p. 568.
1330:
1324:
1321:
1315:
1309:
1303:
1300:
1294:
1293:Fisquet, p. 568.
1291:
1285:
1274:
1268:
1265:
1259:
1252:
1246:
1245:Fisquet, p. 567.
1243:
1237:
1236:Fisquet, p. 566.
1234:
1228:
1227:(1892), p. 1078.
1221:
1215:
1214:
1200:
1194:
1191:
1185:
1182:
1176:
1173:
1167:
1164:
1158:
1151:
1145:
1144:
1134:
1128:
1121:
1115:
1112:
1106:
1103:
1097:
1090:
1084:
1081:
1075:
1068:
1062:
1051:
1045:
1038:
1032:
1031:
1019:
1013:
1010:
1004:
984:
978:
976:
962:
956:
953:
947:
941:
930:
927:
921:
918:
912:
911:
890:
884:
881:
875:
874:Fisquet, p. 561.
872:
866:
865:
860:
858:
835:
829:
828:Fisquet, p. 560.
826:
820:
817:
811:
808:
802:
799:
793:
790:
784:
781:
775:
772:
766:
763:
757:
756:Poujoulat, p. 7.
754:
748:
747:Poujoulat, p. 4.
745:
739:
736:
730:
724:
705:
704:
695:
685:
664:. (Tome premier)
539:Jacques Bridayne
519:Eleventh Edition
479:Bartolomeo Pacca
324:General Berthier
155:Discours choisis
68:Comtat-Venaissin
42:
37:
5580:
5579:
5575:
5574:
5573:
5571:
5570:
5569:
5495:
5494:
5493:
5488:
5476:
5468:
5439:Pierre Veuillot
5356:
5352:
5346:
5302:Pierre de Marca
5282:
5276:
5271:
5241:
5232:
5107:La Marseillaise
5096:
5095:Cultural impact
5081:
4991:
4972:
4939:
4895:Madame du Barry
4885:Catherine Théot
4875:Thérésa Tallien
4766:
4757:Gracchus Babeuf
4702:François Chabot
4659:
4651:
4572:Georges Couthon
4567:Marquis de Sade
4532:Jean-Paul Marat
4508:
4464:Bertrand BarĂšre
4430:
4341:
4322:Boissy d'Anglas
4317:Madame de Staël
4282:Antoine Barnave
4250:
4243:
4234:
4181:
4162:
4137:
4132:
4102:
4097:
4072:
4067:
4047:
4042:
4004:
3999:
3983:
3960:
3947:
3939:
3931:
3918:
3905:
3894:JĂłzsef Alvinczi
3878:
3860:
3842:
3783:Nicolas Oudinot
3773:
3706:Claude Lecourbe
3701:Charles Leclerc
3596:Guillaume Brune
3566:Pierre Augereau
3536:
3531:
3516:
3511:
3509:Treaty of Paris
3503:
3489:
3484:
3476:
3468:
3452:
3447:
3439:
3431:
3423:
3407:
3402:
3394:
3386:
3378:
3370:
3362:
3354:
3346:
3338:
3330:
3314:
3309:
3301:
3293:
3285:
3277:
3261:
3256:
3248:
3240:
3232:
3224:
3216:
3208:
3192:
3187:
3179:
3171:
3163:
3155:
3147:
3139:
3131:
3123:
3115:
3107:
3094:
3086:
3078:
3062:
3052:
3036:
3031:
3023:
3010:
3002:
2994:
2986:
2978:
2969:
2953:
2948:
2935:
2927:
2925:Siege of Toulon
2889:
2881:
2864:First Coalition
2850:
2841:
2777:
2762:
2752:
2744:
2736:
2722:
2717:
2703:
2698:
2690:
2676:
2671:
2663:
2643:
2635:
2627:
2613:
2608:
2600:
2592:
2583:
2575:
2567:
2549:
2544:
2536:
2528:
2526:Law of Suspects
2520:
2510:
2502:
2494:
2474:
2472:Reign of Terror
2466:
2458:
2444:
2439:
2431:
2423:
2415:
2407:
2399:
2391:
2377:
2372:
2364:
2356:
2348:
2340:
2326:
2311:
2303:
2294:
2280:
2275:
2267:
2259:
2252:(4â11 Aug 1789)
2251:
2243:
2235:
2227:
2219:
2211:
2203:
2195:
2187:
2185:RĂ©veillon riots
2179:
2163:
2158:
2150:
2136:
2125:
2040:
2035:
2005:
2000:
1994:Frédéric Vitoux
1992:
1986:Jacques Laurent
1984:
1978:Fernand Braudel
1976:
1968:
1960:
1952:
1944:
1936:
1928:
1920:
1912:
1904:
1896:
1890:François Arnaud
1888:
1880:
1872:
1864:
1856:
1848:
1840:
1810:
1805:
1797:
1789:
1781:
1775:Ădouard Herriot
1773:
1765:
1757:
1749:
1741:
1733:
1725:
1717:
1709:
1701:
1693:
1685:
1677:
1669:
1661:
1655:Jean Ballesdens
1653:
1645:
1637:
1629:
1595:
1585:
1578:
1362:, ed. (1911). "
1347:
1345:
1342:
1337:
1336:
1331:
1327:
1322:
1318:
1310:
1306:
1301:
1297:
1292:
1288:
1278:Ercole Consalvi
1275:
1271:
1266:
1262:
1253:
1249:
1244:
1240:
1235:
1231:
1222:
1218:
1201:
1197:
1192:
1188:
1183:
1179:
1174:
1170:
1165:
1161:
1152:
1148:
1135:
1131:
1122:
1118:
1113:
1109:
1105:Ricard, p. 248.
1104:
1100:
1091:
1087:
1082:
1078:
1069:
1065:
1052:
1048:
1039:
1035:
1020:
1016:
1011:
1007:
985:
981:
963:
959:
954:
950:
942:
933:
928:
924:
919:
915:
908:
891:
887:
882:
878:
873:
869:
856:
854:
852:
836:
832:
827:
823:
818:
814:
809:
805:
800:
796:
791:
787:
782:
778:
773:
769:
764:
760:
755:
751:
746:
742:
737:
733:
725:
708:
697:
688:
686:
682:
677:
556:
512:
411:Ercole Consalvi
402:
390:Carlo Bellisomi
344:
336:Serene Republic
295:
190:
159:Saint Augustine
99:
60:
35:
17:
12:
11:
5:
5578:
5568:
5567:
5562:
5557:
5552:
5547:
5542:
5537:
5532:
5527:
5522:
5517:
5512:
5507:
5490:
5489:
5487:
5486:
5473:
5470:
5469:
5467:
5466:
5464:Laurent Ulrich
5461:
5459:Michel Aupetit
5456:
5451:
5446:
5444:François Marty
5441:
5436:
5434:Maurice Feltin
5431:
5426:
5421:
5416:
5411:
5406:
5401:
5399:Georges Darboy
5396:
5391:
5386:
5381:
5376:
5371:
5366:
5360:
5358:
5348:
5347:
5345:
5344:
5339:
5334:
5329:
5324:
5319:
5314:
5309:
5304:
5299:
5294:
5288:
5286:
5278:
5277:
5270:
5269:
5262:
5255:
5247:
5238:
5237:
5234:
5233:
5231:
5230:
5225:
5220:
5215:
5210:
5205:
5200:
5195:
5186:
5185:
5184:
5177:Cult of Reason
5174:
5169:
5164:
5159:
5154:
5145:
5140:
5135:
5130:
5121:
5119:Flag of France
5116:
5111:
5101:
5098:
5097:
5087:
5086:
5083:
5082:
5080:
5079:
5074:
5069:
5064:
5059:
5054:
5049:
5044:
5039:
5034:
5029:
5024:
5019:
5014:
5009:
5004:
4996:
4993:
4992:
4982:
4981:
4978:
4977:
4974:
4973:
4971:
4970:
4965:
4964:
4963:
4958:
4947:
4945:
4941:
4940:
4938:
4937:
4932:
4927:
4925:Jacques Necker
4922:
4917:
4912:
4907:
4902:
4897:
4892:
4887:
4882:
4877:
4872:
4867:
4862:
4857:
4852:
4847:
4842:
4837:
4832:
4827:
4822:
4817:
4812:
4807:
4802:
4797:
4792:
4787:
4781:
4779:
4772:
4768:
4767:
4765:
4764:
4759:
4754:
4749:
4747:Claire Lacombe
4744:
4739:
4734:
4729:
4724:
4719:
4714:
4709:
4704:
4699:
4694:
4689:
4684:
4679:
4674:
4672:Jacques HĂ©bert
4668:
4666:
4653:
4652:
4650:
4649:
4644:
4639:
4634:
4629:
4624:
4619:
4614:
4609:
4604:
4599:
4594:
4589:
4584:
4579:
4574:
4569:
4564:
4559:
4554:
4549:
4544:
4539:
4534:
4529:
4527:Georges Danton
4524:
4518:
4516:
4510:
4509:
4507:
4506:
4501:
4496:
4491:
4486:
4481:
4476:
4471:
4466:
4461:
4456:
4451:
4446:
4440:
4438:
4432:
4431:
4429:
4428:
4423:
4418:
4413:
4408:
4403:
4398:
4393:
4388:
4383:
4378:
4373:
4371:Henri Grégoire
4367:
4362:
4357:
4351:
4349:
4343:
4342:
4340:
4339:
4334:
4329:
4324:
4319:
4314:
4312:Camille Jordan
4309:
4304:
4299:
4294:
4289:
4284:
4279:
4274:
4269:
4264:
4259:
4253:
4251:
4239:
4236:
4235:
4233:
4232:
4227:
4222:
4217:
4212:
4207:
4202:
4197:
4191:
4189:
4183:
4182:
4172:
4171:
4168:
4167:
4164:
4163:
4161:
4160:
4155:
4149:
4147:
4134:
4133:
4131:
4130:
4125:
4120:
4114:
4112:
4099:
4098:
4096:
4095:
4090:
4084:
4082:
4069:
4068:
4066:
4065:
4059:
4057:
4044:
4043:
4041:
4040:
4035:
4030:
4025:
4016:
4014:
4001:
4000:
3998:
3997:
3992:
3987:
3979:
3974:
3969:
3964:
3956:
3951:
3943:
3935:
3927:
3922:
3914:
3909:
3901:
3896:
3890:
3888:
3872:
3866:
3865:
3862:
3861:
3859:
3858:
3852:
3850:
3844:
3843:
3841:
3840:
3835:
3830:
3825:
3820:
3815:
3810:
3805:
3800:
3795:
3790:
3785:
3780:
3768:
3763:
3758:
3753:
3748:
3743:
3738:
3733:
3728:
3723:
3718:
3713:
3708:
3703:
3698:
3693:
3688:
3683:
3678:
3673:
3668:
3663:
3658:
3653:
3648:
3643:
3638:
3633:
3628:
3623:
3618:
3613:
3608:
3603:
3598:
3593:
3588:
3583:
3578:
3573:
3568:
3563:
3557:
3555:
3546:
3533:
3532:
3522:
3521:
3518:
3517:
3515:
3514:
3506:
3497:
3495:
3491:
3490:
3488:
3487:
3479:
3471:
3462:
3460:
3454:
3453:
3451:
3450:
3442:
3434:
3426:
3417:
3415:
3409:
3408:
3406:
3405:
3397:
3392:Battle of Novi
3389:
3381:
3379:(4â7 Jun 1799)
3373:
3365:
3357:
3349:
3341:
3333:
3324:
3322:
3316:
3315:
3313:
3312:
3304:
3296:
3288:
3280:
3271:
3269:
3263:
3262:
3260:
3259:
3251:
3243:
3235:
3227:
3219:
3211:
3202:
3200:
3194:
3193:
3191:
3190:
3182:
3174:
3172:(6â7 Nov 1796)
3166:
3158:
3150:
3142:
3134:
3126:
3118:
3110:
3102:
3097:
3089:
3087:(3â4 Aug 1796)
3081:
3072:
3070:
3064:
3063:
3061:
3060:
3058:Peace of Basel
3055:
3046:
3044:
3038:
3037:
3035:
3034:
3026:
3018:
3013:
3005:
2997:
2989:
2981:
2972:
2963:
2961:
2955:
2954:
2952:
2951:
2943:
2938:
2930:
2922:
2917:
2912:
2907:
2902:
2900:Siege of Mainz
2897:
2892:
2884:
2876:
2871:
2866:
2860:
2858:
2852:
2851:
2849:
2848:
2836:
2831:
2829:Siege of Mainz
2826:
2821:
2820:
2819:
2816:
2811:
2803:
2798:
2793:
2787:
2785:
2779:
2778:
2768:
2767:
2764:
2763:
2761:
2760:
2755:
2747:
2739:
2730:
2728:
2724:
2723:
2721:
2720:
2711:
2709:
2705:
2704:
2702:
2701:
2693:
2684:
2682:
2678:
2677:
2675:
2674:
2666:
2661:13 Vendémiaire
2658:
2657:
2656:
2651:
2638:
2630:
2621:
2619:
2615:
2614:
2612:
2611:
2603:
2595:
2586:
2578:
2570:
2557:
2555:
2551:
2550:
2548:
2547:
2539:
2531:
2523:
2513:
2508:Levée en masse
2505:
2497:
2489:
2488:
2487:
2482:
2469:
2461:
2452:
2450:
2446:
2445:
2443:
2442:
2434:
2426:
2418:
2413:10th of August
2410:
2402:
2394:
2385:
2383:
2379:
2378:
2376:
2375:
2367:
2359:
2351:
2343:
2334:
2332:
2328:
2327:
2325:
2324:
2314:
2306:
2297:
2295:(FebâJul 1790)
2288:
2286:
2282:
2281:
2279:
2278:
2270:
2262:
2254:
2246:
2238:
2230:
2222:
2214:
2206:
2198:
2190:
2182:
2171:
2169:
2165:
2164:
2162:
2161:
2153:
2144:
2142:
2138:
2137:
2127:
2126:
2124:
2123:
2116:
2109:
2102:
2095:
2088:
2081:
2074:
2067:
2060:
2053:
2045:
2042:
2041:
2034:
2033:
2026:
2019:
2011:
2002:
2001:
1999:
1998:
1990:
1982:
1974:
1966:
1958:
1950:
1942:
1934:
1926:
1918:
1910:
1902:
1894:
1886:
1878:
1870:
1862:
1853:
1850:
1849:
1839:
1838:
1831:
1824:
1816:
1807:
1806:
1804:
1803:
1799:Daniel Rondeau
1795:
1787:
1779:
1771:
1763:
1755:
1747:
1739:
1731:
1723:
1715:
1707:
1699:
1691:
1683:
1675:
1667:
1659:
1651:
1642:
1639:
1638:
1628:
1627:
1620:
1613:
1605:
1597:
1596:
1591:
1588:
1579:
1574:
1570:
1569:
1561:
1560:
1554:
1542:
1541:
1540:
1539:
1525:
1524:
1510:
1499:
1486:
1475:
1464:
1453:
1442:
1421:
1416:Tome cinquiĂšme
1407:Tome quatriĂšme
1398:Tome troisiĂšme
1374:
1360:Chisholm, Hugh
1341:
1338:
1335:
1334:
1325:
1316:
1304:
1295:
1286:
1269:
1260:
1258:, pp. 271-272.
1247:
1238:
1229:
1216:
1195:
1186:
1177:
1168:
1159:
1146:
1129:
1116:
1107:
1098:
1085:
1076:
1063:
1055:St. Petersburg
1046:
1033:
1014:
1005:
1000:Acta Cameralia
979:
957:
948:
946:, p. 916.
931:
922:
913:
906:
885:
876:
867:
850:
830:
821:
812:
803:
794:
785:
776:
767:
758:
749:
740:
731:
729:, p. 915.
706:
679:
678:
676:
673:
672:
671:
657:
654:Tome troisieme
646:. Tome premier
639:
629:
621:
612:
603:
595:
586:
577:
566:
555:
552:
541:and of giving
511:
508:
472:Comte d'Artois
415:Giuseppe Spina
401:
398:
343:
340:
303:titular church
294:
291:
189:
186:
179:King Louis XVI
98:
95:
59:
56:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5577:
5566:
5563:
5561:
5558:
5556:
5553:
5551:
5548:
5546:
5543:
5541:
5538:
5536:
5533:
5531:
5528:
5526:
5523:
5521:
5518:
5516:
5513:
5511:
5508:
5506:
5503:
5502:
5500:
5485:
5480:
5475:
5474:
5471:
5465:
5462:
5460:
5457:
5455:
5452:
5450:
5447:
5445:
5442:
5440:
5437:
5435:
5432:
5430:
5427:
5425:
5422:
5420:
5417:
5415:
5412:
5410:
5407:
5405:
5402:
5400:
5397:
5395:
5392:
5390:
5387:
5385:
5382:
5380:
5377:
5375:
5372:
5370:
5367:
5365:
5362:
5361:
5359:
5355:
5349:
5343:
5340:
5338:
5335:
5333:
5330:
5328:
5325:
5323:
5320:
5318:
5315:
5313:
5310:
5308:
5305:
5303:
5300:
5298:
5295:
5293:
5290:
5289:
5287:
5285:
5284:ancien régime
5279:
5275:
5268:
5263:
5261:
5256:
5254:
5249:
5248:
5245:
5229:
5226:
5224:
5221:
5219:
5216:
5214:
5211:
5209:
5206:
5204:
5201:
5199:
5196:
5193:
5192:
5191:Sans-culottes
5187:
5183:
5180:
5179:
5178:
5175:
5173:
5170:
5168:
5165:
5163:
5162:Metric system
5160:
5158:
5155:
5152:
5151:
5146:
5144:
5141:
5139:
5136:
5134:
5131:
5128:
5127:
5122:
5120:
5117:
5115:
5112:
5109:
5108:
5103:
5102:
5099:
5092:
5088:
5078:
5075:
5073:
5070:
5068:
5065:
5063:
5060:
5058:
5055:
5053:
5050:
5048:
5045:
5043:
5040:
5038:
5035:
5033:
5030:
5028:
5025:
5023:
5020:
5018:
5015:
5013:
5010:
5008:
5005:
5003:
5002:
4998:
4997:
4994:
4987:
4983:
4969:
4966:
4962:
4961:Panthéon Club
4959:
4957:
4954:
4953:
4952:
4949:
4948:
4946:
4942:
4936:
4933:
4931:
4928:
4926:
4923:
4921:
4918:
4916:
4913:
4911:
4908:
4906:
4903:
4901:
4898:
4896:
4893:
4891:
4888:
4886:
4883:
4881:
4878:
4876:
4873:
4871:
4868:
4866:
4863:
4861:
4858:
4856:
4853:
4851:
4850:Joachim Murat
4848:
4846:
4843:
4841:
4838:
4836:
4833:
4831:
4828:
4826:
4823:
4821:
4818:
4816:
4813:
4811:
4808:
4806:
4803:
4801:
4798:
4796:
4793:
4791:
4788:
4786:
4783:
4782:
4780:
4776:
4773:
4769:
4763:
4760:
4758:
4755:
4753:
4750:
4748:
4745:
4743:
4740:
4738:
4735:
4733:
4730:
4728:
4725:
4723:
4720:
4718:
4715:
4713:
4710:
4708:
4705:
4703:
4700:
4698:
4695:
4693:
4690:
4688:
4685:
4683:
4680:
4678:
4675:
4673:
4670:
4669:
4667:
4665:
4664:
4658:
4654:
4648:
4645:
4643:
4640:
4638:
4635:
4633:
4630:
4628:
4627:Gilbert Romme
4625:
4623:
4620:
4618:
4615:
4613:
4610:
4608:
4605:
4603:
4600:
4598:
4595:
4593:
4590:
4588:
4585:
4583:
4580:
4578:
4575:
4573:
4570:
4568:
4565:
4563:
4560:
4558:
4555:
4553:
4550:
4548:
4545:
4543:
4540:
4538:
4535:
4533:
4530:
4528:
4525:
4523:
4520:
4519:
4517:
4515:
4511:
4505:
4502:
4500:
4497:
4495:
4492:
4490:
4487:
4485:
4482:
4480:
4477:
4475:
4472:
4470:
4467:
4465:
4462:
4460:
4457:
4455:
4452:
4450:
4449:de CambacérÚs
4447:
4445:
4442:
4441:
4439:
4437:
4433:
4427:
4424:
4422:
4419:
4417:
4414:
4412:
4409:
4407:
4404:
4402:
4399:
4397:
4394:
4392:
4389:
4387:
4384:
4382:
4379:
4377:
4374:
4372:
4368:
4366:
4365:Madame Roland
4363:
4361:
4358:
4356:
4353:
4352:
4350:
4348:
4344:
4338:
4335:
4333:
4330:
4328:
4325:
4323:
4320:
4318:
4315:
4313:
4310:
4308:
4305:
4303:
4302:André Chénier
4300:
4298:
4295:
4293:
4290:
4288:
4285:
4283:
4280:
4278:
4275:
4273:
4270:
4268:
4265:
4263:
4260:
4258:
4257:Grace Elliott
4255:
4254:
4252:
4249:
4248:
4242:
4237:
4231:
4228:
4226:
4223:
4221:
4218:
4216:
4213:
4211:
4208:
4206:
4203:
4201:
4198:
4196:
4193:
4192:
4190:
4188:
4184:
4177:
4173:
4159:
4156:
4154:
4151:
4150:
4148:
4146:
4141:
4135:
4129:
4126:
4124:
4121:
4119:
4116:
4115:
4113:
4111:
4106:
4100:
4094:
4091:
4089:
4086:
4085:
4083:
4081:
4076:
4070:
4064:
4061:
4060:
4058:
4056:
4051:
4045:
4039:
4036:
4034:
4031:
4029:
4026:
4024:
4021:
4018:
4017:
4015:
4013:
4008:
4002:
3996:
3993:
3991:
3988:
3986:
3980:
3978:
3975:
3973:
3970:
3968:
3965:
3963:
3957:
3955:
3952:
3950:
3944:
3942:
3936:
3934:
3928:
3926:
3923:
3921:
3915:
3913:
3910:
3908:
3902:
3900:
3897:
3895:
3892:
3891:
3889:
3887:
3882:
3876:
3873:
3871:
3867:
3857:
3854:
3853:
3851:
3849:
3845:
3839:
3836:
3834:
3831:
3829:
3826:
3824:
3821:
3819:
3818:Joseph Souham
3816:
3814:
3811:
3809:
3806:
3804:
3801:
3799:
3796:
3794:
3791:
3789:
3786:
3784:
3781:
3777:
3772:
3769:
3767:
3764:
3762:
3761:Joachim Murat
3759:
3757:
3754:
3752:
3749:
3747:
3744:
3742:
3741:André Masséna
3739:
3737:
3734:
3732:
3729:
3727:
3724:
3722:
3719:
3717:
3714:
3712:
3709:
3707:
3704:
3702:
3699:
3697:
3694:
3692:
3689:
3687:
3684:
3682:
3679:
3677:
3674:
3672:
3669:
3667:
3664:
3662:
3659:
3657:
3654:
3652:
3649:
3647:
3644:
3642:
3639:
3637:
3634:
3632:
3629:
3627:
3624:
3622:
3619:
3617:
3614:
3612:
3609:
3607:
3604:
3602:
3599:
3597:
3594:
3592:
3589:
3587:
3584:
3582:
3579:
3577:
3574:
3572:
3569:
3567:
3564:
3562:
3559:
3558:
3556:
3554:
3550:
3547:
3545:
3540:
3534:
3527:
3523:
3512:(25 Jun 1802)
3510:
3507:
3504:(25 Mar 1802)
3502:
3499:
3498:
3496:
3492:
3483:
3480:
3477:(18 Mar 1801)
3475:
3472:
3467:
3464:
3463:
3461:
3459:
3455:
3446:
3443:
3438:
3435:
3432:(15 Jun 1800)
3430:
3427:
3424:(14 Jun 1800)
3422:
3419:
3418:
3416:
3414:
3410:
3401:
3398:
3395:(15 Aug 1799)
3393:
3390:
3385:
3382:
3377:
3374:
3369:
3366:
3361:
3358:
3355:(25 Mar 1799)
3353:
3350:
3345:
3342:
3337:
3336:Siege of Acre
3334:
3329:
3326:
3325:
3323:
3321:
3317:
3308:
3307:Peasants' War
3305:
3300:
3297:
3292:
3289:
3284:
3281:
3276:
3273:
3272:
3270:
3268:
3264:
3257:(17 Oct 1797)
3255:
3252:
3249:(18 Apr 1797)
3247:
3244:
3241:(17 Apr 1797)
3239:
3236:
3233:(25 Jan 1797)
3231:
3228:
3223:
3220:
3217:(13 Jan 1797)
3215:
3212:
3207:
3204:
3203:
3201:
3199:
3195:
3186:
3183:
3178:
3175:
3170:
3167:
3162:
3159:
3156:(26 Oct 1796)
3154:
3151:
3148:(19 Oct 1796)
3146:
3143:
3138:
3135:
3130:
3127:
3122:
3119:
3116:(24 Aug 1796)
3114:
3111:
3108:(11 Aug 1796)
3106:
3103:
3101:
3098:
3093:
3090:
3085:
3082:
3077:
3074:
3073:
3071:
3069:
3065:
3059:
3056:
3051:
3048:
3047:
3045:
3043:
3039:
3030:
3027:
3022:
3019:
3017:
3014:
3011:(26 Jun 1794)
3009:
3006:
3001:
2998:
2995:(22 May 1794)
2993:
2990:
2987:(18 May 1794)
2985:
2982:
2976:
2973:
2970:(24 Apr 1794)
2968:
2965:
2964:
2962:
2960:
2956:
2947:
2944:
2942:
2939:
2936:(13 Oct 1793)
2934:
2931:
2926:
2923:
2921:
2918:
2916:
2913:
2911:
2908:
2906:
2903:
2901:
2898:
2896:
2893:
2888:
2885:
2882:(23 May 1793)
2880:
2877:
2875:
2872:
2870:
2867:
2865:
2862:
2861:
2859:
2857:
2853:
2845:
2840:
2837:
2835:
2832:
2830:
2827:
2825:
2822:
2817:
2815:
2812:
2810:
2807:
2806:
2804:
2802:
2799:
2797:
2794:
2792:
2789:
2788:
2786:
2784:
2780:
2773:
2769:
2759:
2756:
2753:(24 Dec 1799)
2751:
2748:
2743:
2740:
2737:(18 Jun 1799)
2735:
2732:
2731:
2729:
2725:
2718:(11 May 1798)
2716:
2713:
2712:
2710:
2706:
2697:
2694:
2689:
2686:
2685:
2683:
2679:
2670:
2667:
2662:
2659:
2655:
2652:
2650:
2647:
2646:
2642:
2639:
2636:(22 Aug 1795)
2634:
2631:
2626:
2623:
2622:
2620:
2616:
2609:(11 Nov 1794)
2607:
2604:
2599:
2596:
2593:(28 Jul 1794)
2590:
2587:
2584:(27 Jul 1794)
2582:
2579:
2576:(10 Jun 1794)
2574:
2571:
2566:
2562:
2559:
2558:
2556:
2552:
2543:
2540:
2537:(16 Oct 1793)
2535:
2532:
2529:(17 Sep 1793)
2527:
2524:
2519:
2518:
2514:
2511:(23 Aug 1793)
2509:
2506:
2503:(13 Jul 1793)
2501:
2498:
2493:
2490:
2486:
2483:
2481:
2478:
2477:
2473:
2470:
2465:
2462:
2459:(21 Jan 1793)
2457:
2454:
2453:
2451:
2447:
2440:(22 Sep 1792)
2438:
2435:
2430:
2427:
2422:
2419:
2416:(10 Aug 1792)
2414:
2411:
2406:
2403:
2400:(25 Jul 1792)
2398:
2395:
2392:(20 Apr 1792)
2390:
2387:
2386:
2384:
2380:
2371:
2368:
2363:
2360:
2357:(27 Aug 1791)
2355:
2352:
2349:(17 Jul 1791)
2347:
2344:
2339:
2336:
2335:
2333:
2329:
2322:(14 Jul 1790)
2320:
2319:
2315:
2312:(12 Jul 1790)
2310:
2307:
2304:(23 Jun 1790)
2302:
2298:
2293:
2290:
2289:
2287:
2283:
2274:
2271:
2266:
2263:
2260:(26 Aug 1789)
2258:
2255:
2250:
2247:
2242:
2239:
2236:(14 Jul 1789)
2234:
2231:
2226:
2223:
2220:(20 Jun 1789)
2218:
2215:
2210:
2207:
2204:(4 June 1789)
2202:
2199:
2194:
2191:
2188:(28 Apr 1789)
2186:
2183:
2178:
2177:
2173:
2172:
2170:
2166:
2159:(21 Jul 1788)
2157:
2154:
2149:
2146:
2145:
2143:
2139:
2132:
2128:
2122:
2121:
2117:
2115:
2114:
2110:
2108:
2107:
2103:
2101:
2100:
2096:
2094:
2093:
2089:
2087:
2086:
2082:
2080:
2079:
2075:
2073:
2072:
2068:
2066:
2065:
2064:Ancien RĂ©gime
2061:
2059:
2058:
2054:
2052:
2051:
2047:
2046:
2043:
2039:
2032:
2027:
2025:
2020:
2018:
2013:
2012:
2009:
1995:
1991:
1987:
1983:
1979:
1975:
1971:
1970:André Chamson
1967:
1963:
1959:
1955:
1954:Henri Lavedan
1951:
1947:
1946:Henri Meilhac
1943:
1939:
1935:
1931:
1927:
1923:
1919:
1915:
1911:
1907:
1903:
1899:
1895:
1891:
1887:
1883:
1879:
1875:
1871:
1867:
1863:
1859:
1855:
1854:
1851:
1847:
1844:
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1825:
1823:
1818:
1817:
1814:
1800:
1796:
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1390:
1389:Tome deuxiĂšme
1382:
1381:
1375:
1371:
1370:
1365:
1361:
1356:
1355:public domain
1344:
1343:
1329:
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1199:
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1120:
1111:
1102:
1095:
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1009:
1001:
997:
993:
989:
983:
974:
970:
969:
961:
952:
945:
944:Chisholm 1911
940:
938:
936:
926:
917:
909:
903:
899:
898:
889:
880:
871:
864:
853:
851:9780729403375
847:
843:
842:
834:
825:
816:
807:
798:
789:
780:
771:
762:
753:
744:
735:
728:
727:Chisholm 1911
723:
721:
719:
717:
715:
713:
711:
702:
701:
693:
692:
684:
680:
669:
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279:
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266:
261:
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254:
247:
242:
240:
236:
231:
228:
224:
223:ancien régime
220:
216:
215:
210:
205:
203:
199:
195:
185:
182:
180:
176:
172:
168:
164:
160:
156:
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148:
143:
139:
135:
130:
128:
124:
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116:
112:
108:
104:
94:
92:
87:
85:
79:
77:
73:
69:
65:
55:
53:
52:Montefiascone
49:
46:
41:
33:
26:
21:
5424:Jean Verdier
5368:
5198:Phrygian cap
5143:Bastille Day
5057:Thomas Paine
5012:Edmund Burke
5007:Beaumarchais
5001:Les LumiĂšres
4999:
4840:Joseph Fesch
4752:Pauline LĂ©on
4722:Jacques Roux
4661:
4266:
4245:
3671:Lazare Hoche
3656:Paul Grenier
3626:Louis Desaix
3485:(8 Jul 1801)
3469:(9 Feb 1801)
3440:(3 Dec 1800)
3363:(5 Apr 1799)
3164:(6 Nov 1796)
3140:(8 Sep 1796)
3132:(4 Sep 1796)
3124:(3 Sep 1796)
3095:(5 Aug 1796)
3024:(2 Oct 1794)
3003:(1 Jun 1794)
2745:(9 Nov 1799)
2691:(4 Sep 1797)
2628:(1 Apr 1795)
2598:White Terror
2591:guillotined
2568:(5 Apr 1794)
2515:
2495:(2 Jun 1793)
2365:(3 Sep 1791)
2316:
2276:(2 Nov 1789)
2268:(5 Oct 1789)
2196:(5 May 1789)
2174:
2151:(7 Jun 1788)
2118:
2111:
2104:
2097:
2090:
2083:
2076:
2069:
2062:
2055:
2048:
1905:
1783:Jean Rostand
1767:Octave Aubry
1702:
1581:
1548:
1533:
1504:
1490:
1480:
1469:
1458:
1447:
1436:
1428:restauration
1426:
1415:
1406:
1397:
1388:
1379:
1367:
1328:
1319:
1311:
1307:
1298:
1289:
1272:
1263:
1255:
1250:
1241:
1232:
1224:
1219:
1205:
1198:
1189:
1180:
1171:
1162:
1154:
1149:
1139:
1132:
1124:
1119:
1110:
1101:
1093:
1088:
1079:
1071:
1066:
1049:
1044:, I, p. 184.
1041:
1036:
1027:
1017:
1008:
999:
991:
987:
982:
975:with note 7.
967:
960:
951:
925:
916:
896:
888:
879:
870:
862:
855:. Retrieved
840:
833:
824:
815:
806:
797:
788:
779:
770:
761:
752:
743:
734:
699:
690:
683:
661:
643:
633:
625:
616:
607:
599:
590:
581:
574:
570:
561:
554:Bibliography
535:Sainte-Beuve
524:
516:
513:
505:
497:amour propre
496:
491:
476:
463:
460:motu proprio
458:
455:Sede vacante
454:
449:
442:Joseph Fesch
431:
424:
403:
366:
345:
328:Pope Pius VI
320:Papal States
299:Pope Pius VI
296:
276:
269:Pope Pius VI
262:
257:
249:
244:
232:
226:
212:
206:
191:
183:
174:
166:
154:
152:
147:in commendam
145:
131:
118:
117:awarded his
109:in 1766 and
102:
100:
88:
80:
61:
31:
30:
24:
5510:1817 deaths
5505:1746 births
5067:Abbé SieyÚs
5052:Montesquieu
4968:Social Club
4910:Jean Chouan
4800:Louis XVIII
4577:Roger Ducos
4547:Paul Barras
4514:Montagnards
4444:Abbé SieyÚs
4247:monarchiens
4055:Netherlands
3984:(Hungarian)
3932:(Hungarian)
3848:French Navy
3774: [
3696:Jean Lannes
3553:French Army
3331:(1798â1802)
3302:(1798â1800)
3286:(1798â1801)
3016:Chouannerie
2977:(Pyrenees)
2842: [
2809:Chouannerie
2601:(Fall 1794)
2589:Robespierre
1922:Antoine Jay
1791:Michel DĂ©on
1743:Jules Simon
1437:Tome second
668:Tome second
650:Tome second
527:Louis XVIII
493:Louis XVIII
406:Louis XVIII
400:Bonapartist
353:Louis XVIII
278:in partibus
138:Saint Louis
5499:Categories
5281:During the
4956:Cordeliers
4870:Talleyrand
4795:Louis XVII
4657:HĂ©bertists
4411:Jean Debry
4241:Feuillants
3870:Opposition
3766:Michel Ney
3188:(Dec 1796)
2796:Thionville
2699:(Dec 1797)
2672:(May 1796)
2664:5 Oct 1795
2641:Directoire
2521:(painting)
2424:(Sep 1792)
2408:(Jun 1792)
2241:Great Fear
2180:(Jan 1789)
2071:Revolution
1223:Scannell,
992:in pectore
857:14 January
675:References
273:Francis II
5351:After the
4790:Louis XVI
4785:Charles X
4436:The Plain
4347:Girondins
4287:Lafayette
3948:(Walloon)
3930:PĂĄl Kray
3906:(Walloon)
3448:(1800â02)
3299:Quasi-War
2758:Consulate
2644:(1795â99)
2099:Consulate
2092:Directory
1059:Czar Paul
547:Massillon
531:Louis XVI
362:Lorenzana
214:bailliage
171:criticism
134:panegyric
111:Charles V
58:Biography
5150:Panthéon
5138:Muscadin
5133:Marianne
5072:Voltaire
4951:Jacobins
4944:Factions
4484:Mirabeau
3940:(French)
2834:Jemappes
2818:Dauphiné
2301:Nobility
2113:Journals
2106:Glossary
2085:Republic
2057:Timeline
1092:Ricard,
1070:Ricard,
1040:Ricard,
988:in petto
427:Napoleon
369:conclave
332:Napoleon
293:Cardinal
239:Mirabeau
202:Mirabeau
165:and his
127:La Harpe
48:cardinal
5032:Diderot
4778:Figures
4663:Enragés
4369:Father
4080:Prussia
4012:Britain
3961:(Saxon)
3919:(Swiss)
3886:Austria
1846:seat 15
1357::
1340:Sources
659:1891 -
641:1828 -
631:1814 -
623:1794 -
605:1791 -
597:1790 -
588:1772 -
579:1771 -
568:1767 -
559:1766 -
543:Bossuet
258:bon mot
233:In the
219:PĂ©ronne
163:Bossuet
123:FĂ©nelon
84:Avignon
72:enclave
66:in the
64:Valréas
27:, 1789.
23:Maury,
5357:(1779)
4771:Others
4110:Russia
3544:France
3209:(1797)
3079:(1796)
2814:Vendée
2791:Verdun
2618:1795â6
2561:Danton
2120:Museum
2050:Causes
1996:(2001)
1988:(1986)
1980:(1984)
1972:(1956)
1964:(1946)
1956:(1898)
1948:(1888)
1940:(1880)
1932:(1854)
1924:(1832)
1916:(1816)
1908:(1806)
1900:(1785)
1892:(1771)
1884:(1743)
1876:(1706)
1868:(1665)
1860:(1634)
1801:(2019)
1793:(1978)
1785:(1959)
1777:(1946)
1769:(1946)
1761:(1918)
1753:(1897)
1745:(1875)
1737:(1846)
1729:(1827)
1721:(1816)
1713:(1803)
1705:(1784)
1697:(1759)
1689:(1743)
1681:(1694)
1673:(1684)
1665:(1675)
1657:(1648)
1649:(1634)
1635:seat 8
1513:Libels
1351:
904:
848:
510:Legacy
384:, the
382:Albani
358:Herzan
265:martyr
227:cahier
103:Ă©loges
70:, the
45:French
5228:Films
4145:Spain
3778:]
2846:]
2839:Namur
2824:Lille
2801:Valmy
614:1791
119:Ăloge
4660:and
4244:and
3494:1802
3458:1801
3413:1800
3320:1799
3267:1798
3198:1797
3068:1796
3042:1795
2959:1794
2856:1793
2783:1792
2727:1799
2708:1798
2681:1797
2563:and
2554:1794
2449:1793
2382:1792
2331:1791
2285:1790
2168:1789
2141:1788
902:ISBN
859:2012
846:ISBN
76:pope
4020:Sir
1366:".
1211:565
973:308
305:of
217:of
136:on
121:on
5501::
3776:fr
2844:fr
1026:.
934:^
861:.
709:^
666:;
652:;
648:;
521::
503:.
489:.
289:.
54:.
5266:e
5259:t
5252:v
2030:e
2023:t
2016:v
1835:e
1828:t
1821:v
1624:e
1617:t
1610:v
1559:.
1523::
1440:.
1419:.
1410:.
1401:.
1392:.
1284:.
1213:.
910:.
549:.
34:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
