66:
1032:(Norway), where he by chance meat Anna Trondsen, who had settled herself in the city after having been dismissed by the earl (earlier, in Scotland). Now he had to face a humiliating trial, before he was transferred to Copenhagen, and later became moved to Malmøhus. During this period was it still uncertain whether the new Scottish government would survive or not, and he was a kind of a "hot potato" for (king) Frederik II. When it became clear that Mary Stuart would not be able to return to power, the earl lost all significance and was transferred to Dragsholm Castle (as Zealand) instead, possibly due to have become insane. He died there in April 1578
526:
1208:
1161:
1061:– Swedish Encyklopedia "Nordisk Familjebok", first edition (1880) Article "Malmö"; 25-30 lines from the article name "Malmö", "Inom dess murar hölls grefve Bothwell, Maria Stuarts tredje gemål, en tid som statsfånge" – in English "Within its walls (Malmøhus Castle, as of then) was earl Bothwell, the third husband of Mary Stuart, held as a prisoner of the (Danish) state during some time",
1020:
flyttet til Malmøhus. I denne periode, hvor det endnu var usikkert om den nye skotske regering ville overleve, var jarlen lidt af en politisk varm kartoffel for
Frederik II. Da det viste sig, at Mary Stuart ikke ville komme til magten igen, mistede jarlen sin betydning og blev overført til Dragsholm slot, muligvis fordi han var blevet sindssyg. Der døde han så i april 1578.
674:, while Anna sued him for abandonment and return of her dowry. Anna may have had a soft spot for Orkney, as he persuaded her to take custody of his ship, as compensation. Orkney would have been released, but King Frederick heard that the Scottish government was seeking Orkney for the murder of Darnley, and decided to take him into custody in Denmark.
556:, out of harm's way. She agreed to accompany him and arrived at Dunbar at midnight. There, Mary was taken prisoner by Bothwell and allegedly raped by him to secure marriage to her and the crown (though whether she was his accomplice or his unwilling victim remains a controversial issue). On 12 May the Queen created him
334:, and, as he put it: "The Queen recompensed me more liberally and honourably than I had deserved" – receiving 600 Crowns and the post and salary of gentleman of the French King's Chamber. He visited France again in the spring of 1561, and by 5 July was back in Paris for the third time – this time accompanied by the
715:
In 1858, the body was exhumed and declared to be that of Lord
Bothwell. It was in a dried condition and was thereafter referred to as "Bothwell's mummy". His extended family tried to get his body sent back to Scotland, but their request has not been granted. The identity of the body has never been
1019:
Her begynder det danske forløb. Jarlen blev ført til Bergen, hvor han tilfældigvis stødte på Anna
Trundsen, som havde slået sig ned i byen efter at være blevet droppet af jarlen i Skotland. Nu måtte han igennem en ydmygende retssag, inden han blev ført til København, fængslet på slottet og senere
295:, he said he was out of money and asked Anna to sell all her possessions. She complied and visited her family in Denmark to ask for more money. Anna was unhappy and apparently given to complaining about Bothwell. His treatment of Anna played a part in his eventual downfall.
541:, where the proceedings of Bothwell's trial were officially declared to be just according to the law of the land. On Saturday 19 April 1567, eight bishops, nine earls, and seven Lords of Parliament put their signatures to what became known as the
583:
The marriage divided the country into two camps, and on 16 June, the Lords opposed to Mary and the Duke of Orkney (as
Bothwell had newly become) signed a Bond denouncing them. A showdown between the two opposing sides followed at
446:
asserts that Queen Mary was already on her way to visit
Bothwell on matters of state before she heard about his illness, and that therefore this visit is not evidence they were already lovers at the time of his accident. Author
451:
agrees, and in fact the records show that Mary waited a full six days after learning of his injuries before going to visit
Bothwell. The story of her mad flight to his side was put about later by her enemies to discredit her.
251:, a charge of which he was acquitted. His marriage to Mary was controversial and divided the country; when he fled the growing rebellion to Norway, he was arrested and lived the rest of his life imprisoned in Denmark.
588:
on 15 June, from which Orkney (as Lord
Bothwell was now known) fled, after one final embrace, never to be seen again by Mary. In December that year, Bothwell's titles and estates were forfeited by Act of Parliament.
406:
and the
Hamiltons, who accused him of intriguing against the Crown, caused some degree of anguish to the Queen, and although the Earl of Arran was eventually declared mad, Bothwell was nevertheless imprisoned in
1169:
662:
to put Mary back on the throne. He was caught off the coast of Norway (then in a union with
Denmark) at Høyevarde lighthouse in Karmsundet without proper papers, and was escorted to the port of
402:
following Mary of Guise's death and the return to
Scotland of Mary, Queen of Scots, Bothwell appears to have been not much more than a troublesome noble at court. His open quarrel with the
689:. However, as news from both England and Scotland arrived, Frederik eventually understood that Mary never again would become Queen. Without Mary, the King considered him insignificant.
517:
flanking him, and his Hepburns trotting behind. The trial lasted from noon till seven in the evening. Bothwell was acquitted and it was widely rumoured that he would marry Mary.
670:. Anna raised a complaint against Orkney, which was enforced by her powerful family; her cousin Erik Rosenkrantz, a high-level official in Norway, remanded Orkney to the
474:
lodging to the south, almost encountering Queen Mary en route. At Kirk O'Field they lit the gunpowder destroying part of the building and killing Darnley and his aide.
552:
to Edinburgh, Bothwell suddenly appeared with 800 men. He assured her that danger awaited her in Edinburgh, and told her that he proposed to take her to his castle at
1184:
342:. By August, the widowed Queen was on her way back to Scotland in a French galley, some of the organisation having been dealt with by Bothwell in his naval capacity.
291:, a famous Norwegian admiral, was serving as Danish Royal Consul. After their engagement, or more likely marriage under Norwegian law, Anna left with Bothwell. In
576:. Mary gave her new husband a fur lined night-gown. There were few festivities until two weeks after the wedding, when there was a triumph and tilt and Bothwell "
65:
1976:
1966:
1941:
17:
1480:
1986:
1971:
712:
A pillar to which he was chained for the last ten years of his life can still be seen, with a circular groove in the floor around the pillar.
1189:
430:, in February 1566, the Queen attended the wedding (the marriage lasted just over a year). In the following autumn, upon hearing that
1991:
1951:
1347:
382:, to join them. Bothwell remained true to the Regent, though it was said in January he was "weary of his part". The English diplomat
470:
in Edinburgh (east of Blackfriars Street) and with accomplices Dalgliesh, Powrie and Wilson, carried several kegs of gunpowder to
1946:
1961:
1861:
1701:
339:
647:, chased one of Orkney's ships, and both ships were damaged on a submerged rock. The Duke of Orkney sent his treasure ship to
1300:
1271:
260:
209:
1936:
1676:
1513:
1468:
701:, 75 kilometres (47 mi) west of Copenhagen, and was held in what were said to be appalling conditions. Meanwhile, the
1661:
482:
1646:
1427:
655:, where the mast of one of Orkney's ships was shot away. Subsequently, a storm forced the Duke to sail towards Norway.
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709:, in December 1567. He died in April 1578, and was buried in a vault at Fårevejle church near the castle.
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622:
358:. Bothwell and 24 followers took 6000 crowns of English money destined to be used against Guise from the
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1956:
1856:
1726:
1621:
1398:
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383:
248:
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283:, Lord Bothwell visited Copenhagen around 1559. He fell in love with Anna Tronds, known in English as
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359:
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331:
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641:, where Orkney was negotiating with German captains to hire more ships. Kirkcaldy's flagship, the
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545:, a manifesto declaring that Mary should marry a native-born subject, and handed it to Bothwell.
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with her servant Bessie Crawford. as cause. He married Mary, Queen of Scots, eight days later.
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1921:
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681:, where the Danish monarch, Frederik II, deliberated on his fate. The Duke was sent across
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323:
244:
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727:, as the only non-wax exhibit. The guide book claimed it was brought to Scotland in 1858.
8:
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982:, vol. 1 (London, 1842), pp. 244–248, "Declaration of the Earl of Bothwell": David Reid,
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542:
288:
240:
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1207:
1119:
A photo of the coffin in Fårevejle Church, with his assumed remains, can be seen here:
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On 9 February 1567 Bothwell left his lodging at Todrick's Wynd on the south side of the
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when he visited the French Court in the autumn of 1560, after he left Anna Rustung in
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1075:. Translated by Berry, David. Edinburgh: Thomas and Archibald Constable. pp.
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of England, that the Queen was in continuous ill-health "for the most part either
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Orkney may have hoped to reach Denmark and raise an army with the support of
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1045:"735-736 (Nordisk familjebok / 1800-talsutgåvan. 10. Lloyd – Militärkoloni)"
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1558:
881:(Edinburgh, 1863), 176, "a M. le Duc d'Orquenez ... ung manteaux de nuyct."
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Here does the Danish passage of events begin. The earl was transported to
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or sickly". On the appointed day Bothwell rode magnificently down the
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Bothwell was publicly accused of having murdered the Queen's consort,
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A body referred to as "Bothwell's mummy" materialised in 1976 in the
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The Queen and Bothwell were by now very close. When Bothwell married
103:
637:. Four of the Duke of Orkney's ships in the Sound set sail north to
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without trial in 1562. Later that year, while the Queen was in the
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officially stripped him of all his Scottish titles, including the
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England's Insular Imagining: The Elizabethan Erasure of Scotland
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354:, queen dowager and Regent of Scotland, against the Protestant
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or Anna Rustung. She was a Norwegian noblewoman whose father,
638:
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also hinted at this time of a scandal involving his sister
965:(2005) p. 360 (Bothwell was not on the ship chased by the
520:
226:
James Hepburn, 1st Duke of Orkney and 4th Earl of Bothwell
592:
247:. He was accused of the murder of Mary's second husband,
861:(London: Folio Society, 1969), p. 65: Grant G. Simpson,
564:, and on 15 May they were married in the Great Hall at
330:. He was kindly received by the Queen and her husband,
961:, vol. 8 (Edinburgh, 1982), 66-67, no. 397: John Guy,
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After fleeing the confrontation at Carberry Hill, the
489:
began proceedings against Bothwell on 12 April 1567.
485:, and other relatives agitated for vengeance and the
994:
992:
1088:
1086:
895:
My Heart is My Own: The Life of Mary Queen of Scots
374:and the Master of Maxwell to seize Bothwell's home
908:Calendar State Papers Foreign Elizabeth, 1566–1568
651:, and fought a three-hour-long sea battle off the
1763:Royal consorts in England and Scotland after the
989:
984:Hume of Godscroft's History of the House of Angus
1913:
1200:Portraits of James Hepburn, 4th Earl of Bothwell
1193:. Vol. 4 (11th ed.). pp. 303–304.
1178:. Vol. 4 (9th ed.). 1878. p. 164.
1083:
345:
1901:Spouses of debatable or disputed rulers are in
317:
310:. They were divorced on 7 May 1567, citing his
235: – 14 April 1578), better known simply as
865:(Tuckwell, 1998), no. 18 contract 14 May 1567.
810:, vol. 1 (Edinburgh, 1898), pp. 548, 622, 652.
568:, according to Protestant rites officiated by
1341:
548:On 24 April, while Mary was on the road from
366:. In retaliation the Protestant leader, the
1071:Schiern, Frederik Eginhard Amadeus (1880).
1977:Scottish people who died in prison custody
1348:
1334:
1206:
533:The next Wednesday, the Queen rode to the
64:
920:Calendar State Papers Scotland: 1563-1569
797:, vol. 1 (Edinburgh, 1898), pp. 262, 290.
767:. New York: Alfred A. Knopf. p. 185.
529:Arms of James Hepburn, 1st Duke of Orkney
1967:Members of the Privy Council of Scotland
1942:16th-century Scottish military personnel
524:
393:
1073:life of James Hepburn, Earl of Bothwell
1070:
521:Abduction of and marriage to Queen Mary
267:from birth. He succeeded his father as
14:
1987:Prisoners who died in Danish detention
1914:
959:Register of the Privy Seal of Scotland
945:John H. Ballantyne & Brian Smith,
593:Escape to Scandinavia and imprisonment
378:and force the Earl, who was nearby at
306:and sister of Sir John Gordon and the
1972:Privy Council of Mary, Queen of Scots
1385:Royal consorts in Scotland until 1603
1329:
1182:
1110:– Danish site about burial locations.
434:and was likely to die, she rode from
261:Patrick Hepburn, 3rd Earl of Bothwell
210:Patrick Hepburn, 3rd Earl of Bothwell
1382:Royal consorts in England until 1603
897:(Fourth Estate, 2009), pp. 334, 336.
762:
362:on Halloween 1559 at an ambush near
132:Fårevejle Church, Odsherred, Denmark
1146:Edinburgh Wax Museum Guidebook 1980
986:, vol. 1 (Edinburgh, 2005), p. 171.
949:(Lerwick, 1999), pp. 126–8 no. 171.
922:, vol. 2 (Edinburgh, 1900), p. 354.
455:
298:in February 1566, Bothwell married
24:
1852:Caroline of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel
537:, with Lord Bothwell carrying the
322:Lord Bothwell appears to have met
243:nobleman and the third husband of
25:
2003:
1847:Charlotte of Mecklenburg-Strelitz
1821:British royal consorts after the
1204:National Portrait Gallery, London
1153:
910:(London, 1871), p. 237 nos. 1232.
808:Calendar of State Papers Scotland
18:James Hepburn, 1st Duke of Orkney
1992:Husbands of Mary, Queen of Scots
1952:Dukes in the Peerage of Scotland
1225:Henry Stuart, 1st Duke of Albany
1159:
879:Inventaires de la Royne Descosse
169:
1862:Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
1842:Caroline of Brandenburg-Ansbach
1183:Yorke, Philip Chesney (1911). "
1170:James Hepburn, Earl of Bothwell
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1113:
1064:
1037:
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952:
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925:
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677:The Duke of Orkney was sent to
194:
165:
77:Consort of the Scottish monarch
1947:Lord high admirals of Scotland
980:Letters of Mary Queen of Scots
884:
868:
845:
829:
826:(Cambridge, 2023), pp. 149–51.
813:
800:
795:Calendar State Papers Scotland
787:
771:
756:
666:. This was the native home of
627:William Murray of Tullibardine
601:(as Bothwell was now) went to
515:William Maitland of Lethington
13:
1:
1962:People associated with Orkney
1308:Lord High Admiral of Scotland
1051:(in Swedish). 17 January 2016
1016:. Mainly fifth part, Danish:
963:Queen of Scots, the True Life
947:Shetland Documents, 1195-1579
749:
743:Gunpowder, Treason & Plot
432:he had been seriously wounded
400:Protestant Lords gained power
346:Under Mary of Guise's regency
281:Lord High Admiral of Scotland
254:
229:
27:Scottish nobleman (1534–1578)
1882:Philip of Greece and Denmark
1837:George of Denmark and Norway
1800:George of Denmark and Norway
318:Meeting Queen Mary in France
274:
7:
1937:16th-century Scottish peers
1024:In English – approximately
730:
685:to the fortress and prison
623:William Kirkcaldy of Grange
10:
2008:
1857:Adelaide of Saxe-Meiningen
1006:(in Danish). 10 April 2017
621:. Bothwell was pursued by
459:
249:Henry Stuart, Lord Darnley
86:15 May 1567 – 24 July 1567
29:
1899:
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1816:
1812:
1785:Henrietta Maria of France
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1314:
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1297:
1292:
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1216:
935:(Edinburgh, 1833), p. 123
858:James Melville of Halhill
617:, where he was helped by
415:, he escaped and went to
356:Lords of the Congregation
332:King Francis II of France
271:and Lord Hailes in 1556.
215:
205:
137:
127:
110:
94:
90:
82:
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63:
46:
41:
1627:Ethelreda of Northumbria
1301:The 3rd Earl of Bothwell
1232:King consort of Scotland
692:
497:, Secretary of State to
481:. Darnley's father, the
1932:Nobility from Edinburgh
1190:Encyclopædia Britannica
1185:Bothwell, James Hepburn
1175:Encyclopædia Britannica
660:Frederick II of Denmark
1642:Ermengarde de Beaumont
1394:Ælfgifu of Shaftesbury
1318:The 4th Earl of Morton
1034:
1022:
842:, vol. 2, pp. 262–266.
703:Parliament of Scotland
530:
462:Murder of Lord Darnley
428:The 4th Earl of Huntly
265:The Master of Bothwell
1790:Catherine of Braganza
1617:Ingibiorg Finnsdottir
1492:Isabella of Angoulême
1487:Berengaria of Navarre
1399:Æthelflæd of Damerham
1164:Texts on Wikisource:
1026:
1017:
933:Diurnal of Occurrents
840:Old and New Edinburgh
716:conclusively proven.
697:He was imprisoned at
535:Estates of Parliament
528:
442:. However, historian
394:At Queen Mary's court
368:Duke of Châtelherault
70:Lord Bothwell in 1566
1982:Scottish Protestants
1877:Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon
1867:Alexandra of Denmark
1722:Francis II of France
1524:Philippa of Hainault
1475:Eleanor of Aquitaine
1469:Geoffrey Plantagenet
1000:"Jarlen af Bothwell"
863:Scottish Handwriting
778:Mary, Queen of Scots
721:Edinburgh Wax Museum
609:. He took ship from
245:Mary, Queen of Scots
183:Mary, Queen of Scots
168: 1566;
30:For other uses, see
1765:Union of the Crowns
1712:Madeleine of Valois
1702:Margaret of Denmark
1657:Margaret of England
1637:Maud of Northumbria
1632:Sybilla of Normandy
1569:Catherine of Aragon
1554:Elizabeth Woodville
1544:Catherine of Valois
1504:Eleanor of Provence
1463:Matilda of Boulogne
1453:Matilda of Scotland
1448:Matilda of Flanders
1263:Peerage of Scotland
856:The Memoirs of Sir
763:Dunn, Jane (2003).
543:Ainslie Tavern Bond
370:, sent his son the
350:Bothwell supported
289:Kristoffer Trondson
1823:Acts of Union 1707
1667:Elizabeth de Burgh
1622:Margaret of Wessex
1534:Isabella of Valois
1519:Isabella of France
1514:Margaret of France
1509:Eleanor of Castile
1498:Blanche of Castile
1481:Margaret of France
1458:Adeliza of Louvain
1419:Sigrid the Haughty
1243:Title next held by
1221:Title last held by
978:Agnes Strickland,
765:Elizabeth and Mary
672:Bergenhus Fortress
629:, who sailed into
531:
438:to be with him at
308:5th Earl of Huntly
304:4th Earl of Huntly
302:, daughter of the
259:He was the son of
239:, was a prominent
1957:Earls of Bothwell
1909:
1908:
1895:
1894:
1808:
1807:
1750:
1749:
1745:
1744:
1687:Anabella Drummond
1677:Margaret Drummond
1672:Joan of the Tower
1564:Elizabeth of York
1549:Margaret of Anjou
1324:
1323:
1315:Succeeded by
1257:
1254:as Queen consort
906:Allan J. Crosby,
707:Dukedom of Orkney
550:Linlithgow Palace
495:Sir William Cecil
491:Sir William Drury
360:Laird of Ormiston
223:
222:
16:(Redirected from
1999:
1814:
1813:
1756:
1755:
1697:Mary of Guelders
1682:Euphemia de Ross
1662:Yolande de Dreux
1600:Guildford Dudley
1589:Catherine Howard
1433:Emma of Normandy
1379:
1378:
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1327:
1326:
1298:Preceded by
1293:Honorary titles
1279:Earl of Bothwell
1269:Preceded by
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1236:May - June 1567
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699:Dragsholm Castle
574:Bishop of Orkney
562:Marquess of Fife
456:Darnley's murder
440:Hermitage Castle
424:Lady Jean Gordon
417:Hermitage Castle
409:Edinburgh Castle
340:Earl of Eglinton
336:Bishop of Orkney
300:Lady Jean Gordon
269:Earl of Bothwell
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154:Lady Jean Gordon
121:Dragsholm Castle
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57:Earl of Bothwell
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1911:
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1780:Anne of Denmark
1771:
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1737:Anne of Denmark
1647:Joan of England
1605:
1539:Joan of Navarre
1529:Anne of Bohemia
1443:Edith of Mercia
1438:Edith of Wessex
1414:Ælfgifu of York
1368:
1363: and
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1311:
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1274:
1272:Patrick Hepburn
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1247:Anne of Denmark
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1150:
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1129:
1122:"James Hepburn"
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1094:"James Hepburn"
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1927:1578 deaths
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1423:Świętosława
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1100:(in Danish)
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836:James Grant
633:Sound near
509:, with the
499:Elizabeth I
449:Alison Weir
233: 1534
1916:Categories
1312:1556–1567
750:References
725:Royal Mile
679:Copenhagen
503:melancholy
468:Royal Mile
364:Haddington
324:Queen Mary
255:Early life
106:, Scotland
1767:from 1603
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649:Scalloway
507:Canongate
413:Highlands
380:Borthwick
275:Marriages
123:, Denmark
104:Edinburgh
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1361:Scottish
1287:Forfeit
1132:16 April
1104:16 April
1055:16 April
1010:16 April
891:John Guy
731:See also
615:Shetland
611:Aberdeen
566:Holyrood
436:Jedburgh
338:and the
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312:adultery
293:Flanders
241:Scottish
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1365:British
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631:Bressay
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398:After
216:Mother
206:Father
138:Spouse
128:Burial
83:Tenure
1079:–388.
780:, by
693:Death
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1057:2017
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967:Lion
644:Lion
639:Unst
625:and
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560:and
513:and
170:div.
111:Died
101:1534
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