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territory. As Col. Howard's group met the bombers in the target area the bomber force was attacked by numerous enemy fighters. Col. Howard, with his group, at once engaged the enemy and himself destroyed a German ME. 110. As a result of this attack Col. Howard lost contact with his group, and at once returned to the level of the bomber formation. He then saw that the bombers were being heavily attacked by enemy airplanes and that no other friendly fighters were at hand. While Col. Howard could have waited to attempt to assemble his group before engaging the enemy, he chose instead to attack single-handed a formation of more than 30 German airplanes. With utter disregard for his own safety he immediately pressed home determined attacks for some 30 minutes, during which time he destroyed 3 enemy airplanes and probably destroyed and damaged others. Toward the end of this engagement 3 of his guns went out of action and his fuel supply was becoming dangerously low. Despite these handicaps and the almost insuperable odds against him, Col. Howard continued his aggressive action in an attempt to protect the bombers from the numerous fighters. His skill, courage, and intrepidity on this occasion set an example of heroism which will be an inspiration to the U.S. Armed Forces.
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700:, chiefly devoted to his wartime experiences. On January 11, 1994, the 50th anniversary of the Oschlersleben attack, the Board of County Commissioners in Pinellas County proclaimed "General Howard Day" and presented him with a plaque. A permanent exhibit honoring General Howard was also unveiled in the terminal building of the county's
1526:
For conspicuous gallantry and intrepidity above and beyond the call of duty in action with the enemy near
Oschersleben, Germany, on 11 January 1944. On that day Col. Howard was the leader of a group of P-51 aircraft providing support for a heavy bomber formation on a long-range mission deep in enemy
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greatest exhibition I've ever seen. It was a case of one lone
American against what seemed to be the entire Luftwaffe. He was all over the wing, across and around it. They can't give that boy a big enough award." However, none of this has ever been confirmed against German records and according to
525:
against the swarm of
Luftwaffe fighters, repeatedly attacking the enemy and shooting down as many as six. Even after three of his four guns were out of action, he continued to dive on enemy airplanes. The leader of the bomber formation later reported, "For sheer determination and guts, it was the
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magazine. "An attack by a single fighter on four or five times his own number wasn't uncommon", wrote a fellow World War II fighter pilot in his postwar memoirs of Howard's performance, "but a deliberate attack by a single fighter against thirty-plus enemy fighters without tactical advantage of
510:, Germany. The bombers had completed their target run and were already in trouble when Howard spotted them. After dispensing the other two squadrons to protect middle and rearward bomber formations, Howard's squadron flew towards the lead formation and broke up into flights.
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shot down a Ki-27 that was attacking Howard. As Howard prepared to conduct a second strafing run, his P-40 was hit by enemy anti-aircraft fire. Despite the damage, Howard managed to fly his P-40 along with remainder of the flight to
1308:
432:, China with AVG shooting down three more Ki-27s with no loses. The aerial battle over Hengyang was the last combat action of Flying Tigers before it was disbanded. He flew 56 missions and shot down 6 Japanese warplanes.
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According to the USAAF, Howard officially is credited with 2.33 aerial victories and 3 ground victories during his time with the Flying Tigers. After the war, ground victories were not to be recognized by the
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on D-Day. During the war, Howard was credited with eight aerial victories (2.33 over China and 6 over Europe) and three ground victories (in China), thus making him a flying ace.
599:, he shot down another Bf 110 and on April 8, 1944, he shot down a Fw 190 over Brunswick, his last aerial victory of the war. In June 1944, he was presented the Medal of Honor by
402:
on the ground and another three on a landing pattern. Howard led the strafing run on the airfield where he personally destroyed three Ki-27s on the ground while Howard's wingman
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283:, called Howard's exploits "the greatest fighter pilot story of World War II". In later life, Howard was a successful businessman, author, and airport director.
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751:. There is a memorial marker with photos and an inscription in Market Common Valor Memorial Garden at the intersection of Hackler Street and Howard Avenue:
386:. Howard was assigned to the 2nd Squadron ("Panda Bears") of the Flying Tigers and on January 3, 1942, Howard was part of a flight led by squadron leader
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bomber engaging in reconnaissance over Burma and on
January 24, he shot down a Ki-27 over Rangoon. On July 4, Howard shot down another Ki-27 over
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The following week, the Army Air Forces held a press conference in London at which Major Howard described the attack to reporters, including the
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2256:"'The greatest fighter pilot story of WWII' held off 30 German fighters from attacking a squadron of B-17 bombers for over half an hour"
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obituary that calls Howard the only ETO fighter pilot to receive the Medal of Honor is wrong; there was at least one other: 1st Lt.
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After the initial contact, Howard became separated from his flight and then from his wingman and flew unaccompanied into some 30
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677:. He married Mary Balles in 1948 in a military wedding ceremony. They later divorced, and Howard then married Florence Buteau.
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On
January 11, 1944, Howard led three squadrons of 354th FG P-51s on an escort mission to support bombers on the target leg at
319:, in 1937, intending to follow his father into medicine. Shortly before graduation, however, Howard decided that the life of a
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On
January 27, 1995, Howard made his last public appearance when he was guest of honor at the annual banquet of the
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as a separate service in 1947, then-Colonel Howard was transferred to it. In 1948, he was promoted to the rank of
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723:. He died six weeks later at the nearby Bay Pines Veterans Hospital, survived by two sisters. He is buried at
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height or surprise is rare almost to the point of extinction." The following month, Howard was promoted to
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After the Flying Tigers were disbanded on July 4, 1942, Howard returned to the U.S. and was commissioned a
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awarded to
Lieutenant Colonel James H. Howard on 5 June 1944, by Lieutenant General Carl Spaatz reads:
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704:. Another exhibit paying tribute to Howard was subsequently dedicated at his high school alma mater,
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2038:"USAF Historical Study No. 85, USAF credits for the destruction of enemy aircraft, World War II"
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673:. He later founded Howard Research, a systems engineering business, which he eventually sold to
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for his
January 11 valor. That same month, Howard helped direct fighter cover for the Allies'
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2008:
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Howard presented with a plaque at a 1982 reunion of Air Force Medal of Honor recipients
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was more appealing than six years of medical school and internship, and he entered the
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572:. The story was a media sensation, prompting articles such as "Mustang Whip" in the
411:, Burma. This mission was featured in a 2006 episode about the Flying Tigers in the
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in two operational theaters during World War II, with six kills over Asia with the
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On
January 19, he and two other pilots were credited with shared destruction of a
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bombers. For more than a half-hour, Howard defended the heavy bombers of the
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father was teaching eye surgery there, Howard returned with his family to
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while maintaining his military status as a brigadier general in the
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As a civilian after the war, Howard was
Director of Aeronautics for
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487:. On December 20, 1943, during an escort of American bombers over
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253:—the United States military's highest decoration. Howard was an
344:, earning his wings a year later. In 1939, he was assigned as a
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and assigned as base commander of Pinellas Army Airfield (now
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Recipients of the Distinguished Flying Cross (United States)
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I Will Run Wild: The Pacific War from Pearl Harbor to Midway
1725:"One of War's Greatest Pilots to Command Pinellas Air Field"
1627:"Gen. James Howard, 81, Dies; Medal Winner in Aerial Combat"
642:. He retired from the Air Forces Reserves on October 1966.
557:
295:, where his American parents lived at the time while his
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265:(AVG) in the Pacific, and six kills over Europe with the
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United States Army Air Forces Medal of Honor recipients
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fighters that were attacking a formation of American
2327:
United States Army Air Forces pilots of World War II
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Howard began his flight training in January 1938 at
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1366:with one silver and three bronze oak leaf clusters
2231:. London: Battle of Britain Prints International.
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1625:
1559:List of Medal of Honor recipients for World War II
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1372:(second ribbon required for accoutrement spacing)
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2140:
1998:
785:
435:
2117:St. Petersburg-Clearwater International Airport
702:St. Petersburg-Clearwater International Airport
616:St. Petersburg-Clearwater International Airport
551:St. Petersburg-Clearwater International Airport
2059:. Mesa, Ariz.: Champlin Fighter Museum Press.
1623:
1411:European–African–Middle Eastern Campaign Medal
2347:World War II recipients of the Medal of Honor
2203:United States Army Center of Military History
1602:United States Army Center of Military History
502:Howard with markings showing aerial victories
2362:Recipients of the Order of the Sacred Tripod
578:, "Fighting at 425 Miles Per Hour" in
370:In June 1941, he left the Navy to become a
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2199:"Medal of Honor recipients - World War II"
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467:. In 1943, he was promoted to the rank of
241:and one of just two fighter pilots in the
29:
1895:. Season 1. Episode 3. 17 November 2005.
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610:In January 1945, Howard was promoted to
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495:, his first aerial victory over Europe.
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595:. On January 30, during a mission over
545:The Gen. Howard exhibit, including his
233:(April 8, 1913 – March 18, 1995) was a
2387:Burials at Arlington National Cemetery
2317:United States Army Air Forces colonels
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2229:UK Airfields of the Ninth Then and Now
2001:"One-Man Air Force Belittles His Feat"
1994:
1992:
1990:
1943:
1941:
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1059:Howard received the following awards:
696:. In 1991, he wrote an autobiography,
16:American fighter pilot in World War II
2031:
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2027:
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1999:Frederick Graham (January 19, 1944).
1974:
1970:
1968:
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1667:Air Force Historical Support Division
638:, commanding the Air Force Reserve's
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2402:20th-century American businesspeople
2042:Air Force Historical Research Agency
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1908:
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1768:"New exhibit at airport honors hero"
1379:Air Force Presidential Unit Citation
684:Grave at Arlington National Cemetery
1987:
1938:
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1663:"Knight -- 1st Lt Raymond L Knight"
1610:
1435:with four bronze oak leaf clusters
13:
2254:Mclaughlin, William (2016-02-02).
2220:
2082:"WWII pilot will be honored today"
2080:Roger Clendening II (1994-01-11).
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1965:
1766:Christina K. Cosdon (1996-11-03).
1600:from websites or documents of the
1334:U.S. Air Force Command pilot badge
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14:
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2312:American World War II flying aces
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1903:
1856:Cleaver, Thomas McKelvey (2020).
1554:List of Medal of Honor recipients
1432:Air Force Longevity Service Award
303:, in 1927. After graduating from
2322:United States Air Force generals
2279:
2168:"The Historical Marker Database"
2143:Legendary Locals of Myrtle Beach
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1596: This article incorporates
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688:In the 1970s, Howard retired to
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2166:Herrick, Michael (2017-03-19).
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1918:"Jim Howard: One Man Air Force"
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1414:with two bronze campaign stars
671:United States Air Force Reserve
1882:
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1495:The citation accompanying the
1425:National Defense Service Medal
1401:Asiatic-Pacific Campaign Medal
1384:American Defense Service Medal
645:
626:With the establishment of the
445:North American P-51B-5 Mustang
277:, then a wartime reporter for
243:European Theater of Operations
1:
2382:American expatriates in China
1975:Grant, Rebecca (1 Nov 2010).
1624:Wolfgang Saxon (1995-03-22).
1585:
1465:Order of the Cloud and Banner
786:Summary of aircraft destroyed
584:, and "One Man Air Force" in
528:Air Force Historical Study 85
451:, with James H. Howard, 1944
436:United States Army Air Forces
390:in attacking a Japanese-held
286:
267:United States Army Air Forces
123:United States Army Air Forces
2367:John Burroughs School alumni
2332:United States Naval Aviators
741:Myrtle Beach, South Carolina
713:West Central Florida Council
485:North American P-51 Mustangs
35:Col. James H. Howard in 1945
7:
2397:Businesspeople from Florida
2357:Recipients of the Air Medal
1862:. Bloomsbury. p. 152.
1686:Christopher Shores (1975).
1531:
749:Myrtle Beach Air Force Base
725:Arlington National Cemetery
519:Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress
342:Naval Air Station Pensacola
327:as a naval aviation cadet.
98:Arlington National Cemetery
10:
2418:
2227:Freeman, Roger A. (1994).
2055:Richard E. Turner (1983).
1452:Order of the Sacred Tripod
1439:Armed Forces Reserve Medal
1418:World War II Victory Medal
1346:Distinguished Flying Cross
1332:
307:in St. Louis, he earned a
291:Born on April 8, 1913, in
201:Distinguished Flying Cross
2141:Lesta Sue Hardee (2014).
2113:"Airport Guide – History"
2057:Big friend, little friend
1815:Howard, James H. (1991).
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657:(1991) by James H. Howard
471:and given command of the
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75:
40:
28:
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1510:from Lieutenant General
1478:China War Memorial Medal
694:Pinellas County, Florida
675:Control Data Corporation
376:American Volunteer Group
263:American Volunteer Group
127:American Volunteer Group
1491:Medal of Honor citation
1394:American Campaign Medal
770:33.667700°N 78.939467°W
745:354th Fighter-Day Group
628:United States Air Force
622:United States Air Force
568:, and Andy Rooney (for
374:fighter pilot with the
239:United States Air Force
119:United States Air Force
2119:. 1997. Archived from
1981:Air & Space Forces
1598:public domain material
1529:
1522:
1514:
737:Market Common District
685:
658:
640:96th Bombardment Group
636:U.S. Air Force Reserve
553:
503:
473:356th Fighter Squadron
456:
169:356th Fighter Squadron
144:1942–1966 (USAAF/USAF)
2377:People from Guangzhou
2372:Pomona College alumni
1524:
1520:
1506:Howard receiving the
1505:
775:33.667700; -78.939467
735:Howard Avenue in the
717:Boy Scouts of America
706:John Burroughs School
683:
665:, Missouri, managing
653:
575:Saturday Evening Post
544:
532:Messerschmitt Bf 110s
501:
491:, Howard shot down a
443:
317:Claremont, California
305:John Burroughs School
177:96th Bombardment Wing
137:Years of service
2392:Writers from Florida
2337:Flying Tigers pilots
2288:at Wikimedia Commons
2145:. Legendary Locals.
2087:St. Petersburg Times
1773:St. Petersburg Times
1730:St. Petersburg Times
979:Messerschmitt Bf 110
944:Messerschmitt Bf 109
791:Aircraft destroyed:
493:Messerschmitt Bf 109
360:Pearl Harbor, Hawaii
231:James Howell Howard
2094:on February 1, 2013
1977:"One-Man Air Force"
1483:(Republic of China)
1472:(Republic of China)
1459:(Republic of China)
792:
766: /
721:Clearwater, Florida
601:General Carl Spaatz
477:354th Fighter Group
301:St. Louis, Missouri
173:354th Fighter Group
2260:War History Online
2009:The New York Times
1733:. January 21, 1945
1633:The New York Times
1523:
1515:
1428:with service star
1039:Brunswick, Germany
790:
686:
659:
593:lieutenant colonel
570:Stars and Stripes)
554:
504:
457:
378:(AVG), the famous
336:United States Navy
325:United States Navy
131:United States Navy
86:Bay Pines, Florida
2284:Media related to
2066:978-0-912173-00-9
1949:"James H. Howard"
1889:"Flying Tigers".
1834:978-0-517-57323-5
1819:Roar of the Tiger
1658:Raymond L. Knight
1488:
1487:
1358:Bronze Star Medal
1328:
1327:
1052:
1051:
983:Focke-Wulf Fw 190
937:December 20, 1943
698:Roar of the Tiger
655:Roar of the Tiger
632:brigadier general
605:Normandy landings
536:Focke-Wulf Fw 190
447:(serial 43–6315)
348:pilot aboard the
280:Stars and Stripes
228:
227:
158:Brigadier General
71:
58:Republic of China
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2090:. Archived from
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1914:Tillman, Barrett
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1776:. Archived from
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1546:Biography portal
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1444:hourglass device
1351:oak leaf cluster
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1004:January 30, 1944
970:January 11, 1944
880:January 24, 1942
859:Mitsubishi Ki-21
852:January 19, 1942
793:
789:
781:
780:
778:
777:
776:
771:
767:
764:
763:
762:
759:
562:Associated Press
523:401st Bomb Group
426:Mitsubishi Ki-21
350:aircraft carrier
309:Bachelor of Arts
114:
82:
62:(now Guangzhou,
61:
50:
48:
33:
19:
18:
2417:
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2411:
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2407:
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2292:
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2286:James H. Howard
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2223:
2221:Further reading
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1988:
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1911:
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1897:History Channel
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1055:Military awards
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819:January 3, 1942
808:Aircraft flown
788:
774:
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768:
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733:
690:Belleair Bluffs
648:
624:
581:Popular Science
566:Walter Cronkite
564:, CBS reporter
479:, based in the
465:Army Air Forces
438:
413:History Channel
400:Nakajima Ki-27s
368:
338:
333:
331:Military career
297:ophthalmologist
289:
249:to receive the
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175:
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143:
142:1941–1942 (AVG)
141:
140:1938–1941 (USN)
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93:Place of burial
84:
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60:
52:
46:
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24:
23:James H. Howard
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5:
2415:
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2187:Stars and Bars
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1937:
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1743:Newspapers.com
1707:
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1022:356 FS, 354 FG
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823:
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811:Unit assigned
809:
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797:
787:
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708:in St. Louis.
647:
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623:
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618:) in Florida.
547:Medal of Honor
481:United Kingdom
437:
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313:Pomona College
288:
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958:P-51B Mustang
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667:Lambert Field
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380:Flying Tigers
377:
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366:Flying Tigers
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321:Naval Aviator
318:
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298:
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293:Canton, China
284:
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259:Flying Tigers
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108:United States
107:
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87:
78:
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69:
65:
59:
55:
51:April 8, 1913
43:
39:
32:
27:
20:
2263:. Retrieved
2259:
2228:
2207:. Retrieved
2205:. 2007-07-16
2193:
2186:
2182:
2171:. Retrieved
2161:
2142:
2136:
2125:. Retrieved
2121:the original
2107:
2096:. Retrieved
2092:the original
2085:
2075:
2056:
2050:
2041:
2013:. Retrieved
2007:
1980:
1956:. Retrieved
1952:
1928:. Retrieved
1924:
1890:
1884:
1873:. Retrieved
1858:
1851:
1823:. New York:
1818:
1782:. Retrieved
1778:the original
1771:
1741:– via
1735:. Retrieved
1728:
1688:Fighter Aces
1687:
1681:
1670:. Retrieved
1666:
1653:
1648:
1637:. Retrieved
1631:
1573:
1525:
1494:
1482:
1476:
1471:
1463:
1458:
1450:
1442:with silver
1404:with bronze
1389:service star
1371:
1349:with bronze
1058:
988:Oschersleben
906:July 4, 1942
734:
710:
697:
687:
660:
654:
625:
609:
586:
579:
573:
569:
555:
527:
512:
508:Oschersleben
505:
458:
448:
423:
416:
392:Tak airfield
388:Jack Newkirk
369:
354:
339:
311:degree from
290:
279:
273:commentator
247:World War II
230:
229:
187:World War II
183:Battles/wars
81:(1995-03-18)
2307:1995 deaths
2302:1913 births
1825:Orion Books
1737:October 17,
1512:Carl Spaatz
814:Air/Ground
773: /
761:78°56.368′W
758:33°40.062′N
646:Later years
358:, based at
275:Andy Rooney
206:Bronze Star
160:(Air Force)
2296:Categories
2265:2018-11-22
2209:2008-05-27
2173:2018-01-28
2127:2008-05-27
2098:2008-05-27
2015:2008-05-27
1958:2024-06-18
1875:2024-06-18
1784:2008-05-27
1672:2024-02-28
1639:2008-05-27
1586:References
747:at nearby
453:RAF Boxted
355:Enterprise
287:Early life
218:Alma mater
105:Allegiance
47:1913-04-08
1892:Dogfights
1469:6th Grade
1456:6th Grade
1369:Air Medal
1363:Air Medal
1016:, Germany
1014:Brunswick
990:, Germany
844:2 PS, AVG
805:Location
663:St. Louis
597:Brunswick
515:Luftwaffe
483:, flying
455:, England
449:Ding Hao!
418:Dogfights
353:USS
346:U.S. Navy
210:Air Medal
64:Guangdong
2247:32201425
1930:June 18,
1916:(2018).
1843:22452550
1532:See also
916:Hengyang
863:Mesoht,
835:Thailand
534:and one
430:Hengyang
404:Tex Hill
165:Commands
113:Service/
953:Germany
892:, Burma
847:Ground
715:of the
634:in the
612:colonel
475:in the
463:in the
461:captain
415:series
409:Rangoon
261:of the
237:in the
235:general
2245:
2235:
2149:
2063:
1866:
1841:
1831:
1698:
1692:Hamlyn
1578:USAAF.
1045:354 FG
1036:Fw 190
1010:Bf 110
949:Bremen
890:Yangon
831:Raheng
731:Honors
560:, the
489:Bremen
396:Raheng
193:Awards
155:(Navy)
153:Ensign
115:branch
88:, U.S.
54:Canton
2004:(PDF)
1921:(PDF)
1565:Notes
1387:with
1042:P-51B
1019:P-51B
993:P-51B
925:P-40E
920:China
912:Ki-27
895:P-40C
886:Ki-27
869:P-40C
865:Burma
840:P-40C
802:Type
796:Date
719:, in
549:, at
469:major
394:near
384:Burma
382:, in
68:China
2243:OCLC
2233:ISBN
2147:ISBN
2061:ISBN
1932:2024
1864:ISBN
1839:OCLC
1829:ISBN
1739:2020
1696:ISBN
1652:The
1048:Air
1025:Air
999:Air
965:Air
932:Air
901:Air
875:Air
855:0.15
587:True
372:P-40
212:(10)
149:Rank
76:Died
41:Born
929:AVG
898:AVG
872:AVG
739:of
692:in
558:BBC
362:.
315:in
271:CBS
255:ace
245:in
203:(2)
2298::
2258:.
2241:.
2201:.
2115:.
2084:.
2040:.
2024:^
2006:.
1989:^
1979:.
1967:^
1951:.
1940:^
1923:.
1905:^
1837:.
1827:.
1793:^
1770:.
1758:^
1727:.
1710:^
1694:.
1690:.
1665:.
1630:.
1612:^
951:,
918:,
833:,
799:#
782:.
727:.
538:.
421:.
269:.
66:,
56:,
2268:.
2249:.
2212:.
2176:.
2155:.
2130:.
2101:.
2069:.
2044:.
2018:.
1983:.
1961:.
1934:.
1899:.
1878:.
1845:.
1787:.
1745:.
1704:.
1675:.
1660:.
1642:.
1604:.
1033:1
1007:1
975:1
973:2
940:1
909:1
883:1
822:3
70:)
49:)
45:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
