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417:'s theories, and also to Norway for the purpose of obtaining accurate data. His observations led him to the view that a glacier is an imperfect fluid or a viscous body which is urged down slopes of a certain inclination by the mutual pressure of its parts, and involved him in some controversy with Tyndall and others both as to priority and to scientific principle. A notable defender of Forbes in this controversy was
322:, and during his tenure of that office, which he did not give up until 1860, he not only proved himself an active and efficient teacher, but also did much to improve the internal conditions of the university. In 1859 he was appointed successor to Brewster in the principalship of the United College of St Andrews, a position which he held until his death at Clifton in 1868.
406:. Towards the end of his life he was occupied with experimental inquiries into the laws of the conduction of heat in iron bars, and his last piece of work was to show that the thermal conductivity of iron diminishes with increase of temperature.
394:
in 1842. This seismometer was an inverted pendulum, which recorded the measurements of seismic activity through the use of a pencil placed on paper above the pendulum. The designs provided did not prove effective, according to Milne's reports.
1040:
398:
In 1846 he began experiments on the temperature of the earth at different depths and in different soils near
Edinburgh, which yielded determinations of the thermal conductivity of trap-tufa,
318:, who encouraged him to pursue an original research in science. A year later he was appointed professor of natural philosophy at the University of Edinburgh in succession to Sir
517:
1024:
967:
1085:
503:(1855). He was also the author (1852) of the "Dissertation on the Progress of Mathematical and Physical Science," published in the eighth edition of the
413:
at the
Glasgow meeting of the British Association, and in subsequent years he made several visits to Switzerland, where he was particularly impressed by
188:
1105:
367:
for a paper on the "Transparency of the
Atmosphere and the Laws of Extinction of the Sun's Rays passing through it." He invented an inverted pendulum
1080:
343:, by transmission through a bundle of thin mica plates inclined to the transmitted ray, and by reflection from the multiplied surfaces of a pile of
1034:
558:
and lies on the south side of the main path just west of the roundel. His wife, Alicia
Wauchope (1824–1885), is buried with him. His cousins were
1075:
383:
972:
864:
664:
165:
325:
As a scientific investigator he is best known for his researches on heat and on glaciers. Between 1836 and 1844 he published in the
231:
33:
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in order to produce better detection methods for earthquakes. The outcome of this was the production of one of the first modern
1135:
1125:
1110:
741:
649:
563:
1090:
1070:
928:
Travels through the Alps of Savoy, and other Parts of the
Pennine Chain; with Observations on the Phenomena of Glaciers
822:. Forbes wrote that ' merit has not been sufficiently recognized elsewhere partly owing to the jealousy of the French'.
640:
586:
Travels through the Alps of Savoy and Other Parts of the
Pennine Chain, with Observations on the Phenomena of Glaciers
489:
Travels through the Alps of Savoy and Other Parts of the
Pennine Chain, with Observations on the Phenomena of Glaciers
696:
235:
37:
1140:
1115:
733:
487:), on the geology of the Cuchullin and Eildon hills, etc. In addition to about 150 scientific papers, he wrote
815:
464:
690:
589:. Profr. Forbes's travels through the Alps. A. and C. Black ; Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans. 1843.
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276:
227:
29:
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307:
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260:
169:
113:
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571:
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375:
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272:
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of water at various altitudes. This data set, published in 1857, is often known in statistics as
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256:
215:
204:
160:
99:
987:
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861:
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479:
Forbes was also interested in geology, and published memoirs on the thermal springs of the
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334:
8:
871:
Column 1 is a serial number; 2, boiling point in
Fahrenheit and 3, pressure in inches of
689:
457:
540:
521:
445:
409:
His attention was directed to the question of the flow of glaciers in 1840 when he met
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306:
anonymously under the signature "Δ". At the age of nineteen he became a fellow of the
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778:
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340:
779:"The Study of Earthquakes in the Hundred Years Following Lisbon Earthquake of 1755"
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604:
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868:
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414:
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four series of "Researches on Heat," in the course of which he demonstrated that
244:
315:
785:. Earth sciences history: journal of the History of the Earth Sciences Society
726:
Former
Fellows of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 1783–2002: Biographical Index
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1015:
976:. Vol. 10 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 638–639.
963:
958:
547:
429:
421:, the two having first met by coincidence in 1844 during a study tour of the
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122:
118:
535:(1873), a compilation of personal letters written by Forbes, co-authored by
1019:
1002:
555:
453:
240:
988:
Shairp, John
Campbell; Tait, Peter Guthrie; Adams-Reilly, Anthony (1874).
441:
418:
387:
368:
364:
127:
109:
531:
James David Forbes was a devout Christian, as can be seen in the work "
330:
248:
1027:
Travels through the Alps of Savoy and other parts of the Pennine Chain
484:
890:
551:
520:
in New Zealand are named after him as is Aiguille Forbes between the
399:
356:
252:
68:
47:
884:
480:
379:
337:
288:
284:
280:
957:
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
644:. Vol. 5. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons. pp. 68–69.
472:
352:
259:
and a professor there from 1833 until he became principal of the
302:
in 1825, and soon afterwards began to contribute papers to the
1029:
by James David Forbes can be found in the database VIATIMAGES
16:
Scottish physicist, glaciologist and seismologist (1809–1868)
475:
that is not apparent in a visual inspection of the raw data.
428:
During these expeditions, he made many measurements of the
422:
403:
344:
295:
of Fettercairn and Pitsligo and the banker Charles Forbes.
830:
828:
722:
704:
363:
of the Royal Society in 1838, and in 1843 he received its
554:. The grave is marked by a simple but large grey granite
291:. His brothers were the advocate and agriculturalist Sir
723:
Waterston, Charles D; Macmillan Shearer, A (July 2006).
825:
670:
609:. Travels in the Alps of Savoy. A. and C. Black. 1855.
314:. At this time he maintained correspondence with Sir
347:
plates placed at the polarising angle, and also its
797:
638:Burke, John G. (1970–1980). "Forbes, James David".
1052:
772:
770:
768:
546:He died on 31 December 1868 and is buried in
219:The inscription on James David Forbes's grave
483:, on the extinct volcanoes of the Vivarais (
374:In response to a series of earthquakes near
700:. London: Smith, Elder & Co. 1885–1900.
616:Occasional Papers on the Theory of Glaciers
497:Occasional Papers on the Theory of Glaciers
1086:Principals of the University of St Andrews
765:
665:Proceedings of the Royal Society of London
637:
390:by Forbes, first presented in a report by
46:
1106:Fellows of the Royal Society of Edinburgh
846:
816:Letters from Forbes in the Whewell papers
239:(1809–1868) was a Scottish physicist and
1081:Academics of the University of Edinburgh
962:
834:
803:
716:
710:
676:
577:
214:
203:
776:
533:Life and Letters of James David Forbes"
382:in 1839, a committee was formed in the
271:Forbes was born on 20 April 1809 at 86
1053:
991:Life and Letters of James David Forbes
287:(1773–1828) and Williamina Belches of
255:for most of his life, educated at its
1076:Alumni of the University of Edinburgh
999:Professor Forbes and his Biographers
310:, and in 1832 he was elected to the
275:in Edinburgh, the fourth son of Sir
606:A Tour of Mont Blanc and Monte Rosa
501:A Tour of Mont Blanc and Monte Rosa
13:
981:
914:(9th ed.). 1994. p. 377.
912:Discover New Zealand:A Wises Guide
641:Dictionary of Scientific Biography
14:
1157:
1009:
851:(1st ed.). pp. 164–165.
849:The Life of John Ruskin, Volume I
208:The grave of James David Forbes,
994:. London: Macmillan and Company.
950:
697:Dictionary of National Biography
463:It emphasises the importance of
266:
918:
904:
877:
855:
840:
524:and the Glacier du Tour in the
351:by two internal reflections in
304:Edinburgh Philosophical Journal
128:Gold Medal of the Royal Society
809:
734:The Royal Society of Edinburgh
682:
658:
631:
243:who worked extensively on the
1:
1041:Papers of James David Forbes
624:
471:as the residuals manifest an
1136:Burials at the Dean Cemetery
1126:19th-century Scottish people
1111:Fellows of the Royal Society
570:. His son was the scientist
261:United College of St Andrews
7:
1016:Works by James David Forbes
691:"Forbes, James David"
277:William Forbes, 7th Baronet
251:. Forbes was a resident of
10:
1162:
1091:Scottish mountain climbers
886:Aiguille Forbes (1:25,000)
732:. Vol. I. Edinburgh:
452:can be transformed into a
436:, its utility being that:
308:Royal Society of Edinburgh
293:John Stuart Hepburn Forbes
170:United College, St Andrews
114:Royal Society of Edinburgh
1071:Scientists from Edinburgh
560:Scottish Episcopal Church
185:
180:
176:
151:
141:
134:
105:
95:
76:
54:
45:
23:
1045:University of St Andrews
867:5 September 2015 at the
619:. A. and C. Black. 1859.
599:. A. and C. Black. 1853.
564:Alexander Penrose Forbes
116:(1833-5, 1841–3, 1863–5)
973:Encyclopædia Britannica
777:Oldroyd, David (2007).
596:Norway and its Glaciers
506:Encyclopædia Britannica
493:Norway and its Glaciers
444:relationship between a
359:. His work won him the
312:Royal Society of London
300:University of Edinburgh
161:University of Edinburgh
100:University of Edinburgh
1025:Pictures and texts of
220:
212:
1141:British seismologists
1116:British glaciologists
578:Selected publications
539:and Forbes's student
440:It illustrates how a
349:circular polarisation
218:
207:
1035:Forbes's seismometer
934:The Quarterly Review
537:John Campbell Shairp
456:by knowledge of the
450:independent variable
327:Trans. Roy. Soc. Ed.
1146:Scottish Christians
1131:Scottish geologists
1121:Royal Medal winners
1096:Scottish physicists
968:Forbes, James David
940:: 39–70. June 1844.
930:by James D. Forbes"
713:, pp. 638–639.
458:physical phenomenon
1101:Scottish inventors
847:E.T. Cook (1911).
541:Peter Guthrie Tait
522:Glacier de Saleina
465:residuals analysis
245:conduction of heat
224:James David Forbes
221:
213:
157:Natural Philosophy
25:James David Forbes
753:on 4 October 2006
743:978-0-902198-84-5
651:978-0-684-10114-9
568:George Hay Forbes
526:Mont Blanc massif
469:linear regression
341:thermal radiation
202:
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136:Scientific career
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746:. Archived from
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392:David Milne-Home
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189:Highland Society
88:Clifton, Bristol
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80:31 December 1868
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982:Further reading
966:, ed. (1911). "
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820:William Whewell
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518:Forbes Glaciers
415:Bernhard Studer
402:and pure loose
298:He entered the
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198:
193:Resting place:
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96:Alma mater
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1010:External links
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964:Chisholm, Hugh
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384:United Kingdom
316:David Brewster
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548:Dean Cemetery
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434:Forbes's data
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430:boiling point
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411:Louis Agassiz
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1003:John Tyndall
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894:. Retrieved
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787:. Retrieved
783:Researchgate
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755:. Retrieved
748:the original
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556:Celtic cross
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514:Forbes River
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454:linear model
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388:seismometers
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241:glaciologist
223:
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152:Institutions
135:
82:(1868-12-31)
18:
1066:1868 deaths
1061:1809 births
926:"Review of
442:curvilinear
419:John Ruskin
369:seismometer
365:Royal Medal
320:John Leslie
197:, Edinburgh
110:Keith Prize
1055:Categories
896:29 January
757:24 January
625:References
331:tourmaline
257:University
249:seismology
147:Glaciology
71:, Scotland
61:1809-04-20
891:Swisstopo
789:4 October
552:Edinburgh
460:observed.
446:dependent
400:sandstone
371:in 1842.
357:rock salt
263:in 1859.
253:Edinburgh
166:Principal
163:(1833–60)
90:, England
69:Edinburgh
865:Archived
562:leaders
499:(1859);
495:(1853);
491:(1843);
481:Pyrenees
380:Scotland
338:infrared
335:polarise
289:Invermay
285:Pitsligo
281:Monymusk
172:(1860–8)
961::
889:(Map).
873:mercury
485:Ardèche
473:outlier
168:of the
145:Physics
121:of the
112:of the
1005:(1873)
955:
740:
648:
376:Comrie
353:rhombs
333:would
191:(1836)
142:Fields
130:(1843)
125:(1838)
106:Awards
1001:, by
818:, to
751:(PDF)
730:(PDF)
279:, of
234:
230:
181:Notes
36:
32:
898:2015
791:2022
759:2011
738:ISBN
646:ISBN
566:and
516:and
512:The
448:and
423:Alps
404:sand
345:mica
283:and
247:and
232:FRSE
77:Died
55:Born
34:FRSE
1018:at
970:".
550:in
467:in
378:in
355:of
236:FGS
228:FRS
38:FGS
30:FRS
1057::
1043:,
938:74
936:.
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827:^
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63:)
59:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
