124:
215:. Shinsei Higa, who was sixteen at the time, remembers that "I didn't see the actual killing because I was hiding in the mountains above, but I heard five or six gunshots and then a lot of footsteps and commotion. By late afternoon, we came down from the mountains and then everyone knew what had happened."
243:
Kijun
Kishimoto, a villager who was almost 30 years old and absent from Katsuyama at the time of the incident, eventually revealed the killings. In an interview, Kishimoto said, "People were very afraid that if the Americans found out what happened there would be retaliation, so they decided to keep
332:
as one of many examples of misconduct by
American personnel against Okinawans since the islands were first occupied after the Battle of Okinawa in 1945. Steve Rabson, Professor of East Asian Studies at Brown University, estimated that as many as 10,000 such instances of rape occurred after the war.
159:
on July 10, 1945, to August 13, 1946. Residents of
Katsuyama had reportedly killed the three Marines for their repeated rape of village women during occupation of Okinawa and hid their bodies in a nearby cave out of fear for retaliation. The Katsuyama incident was kept secret until August 16, 1997,
218:
The
Marines were killed and, to cover up their deaths, their bodies were dumped in a local cave which had a 50-foot (15-m) drop-off close to its entrance. In the summer of 1947, when the three Marines did not return to their posts, they were listed as possible
261:
In June 1997, Kishimoto and
Inafuku searched for the cave near Katsuyama, but could not find it until August when a storm blew down a tree which had been blocking the entrance. Kishimoto and Inafuku informed the
334:
269:
The
Katsuyama incident was reported to the United States military by Inafuku, who informed then-Kadena Air Base 18th Wing Historian Master-Sergeant James Allender, who in turn reported it to the
309:
No plans were made to criminally investigate the
Katsuyama incident by either the United States military or the Okinawa police. Since the killings, locals have allegedly called the cave
873:
853:
232:
848:
228:
337:, the United States Forces Japan has maintained a large military presence in Okinawa: 27,000 personnel, including 15,000 Marines, contingents from the Army,
838:
621:
843:
258:
in
Okinawa, whose deceased son Clive was also a victim of sexual assault, and who was involved in the search for deceased servicemen from the war.
204:
them. The
Marines became so confident that the villagers of Katsuyama were powerless to stop them, they came to the village without their weapons.
599:
379:
878:
818:
774:
17:
828:
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in
Okinawa but they kept the discovery a secret for a few months to protect the people who discovered the location of the bodies.
369:
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558:
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391:
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227:. Knowledge of the killings became a village secret for the next 50 years, remaining secret for the duration of the
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863:
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it a secret to protect those involved." Finally, a guilty conscience led Kishimoto to contact Setsuko Inafuku
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235:, until 1972, when the U.S. government returned the islands to Japanese administration.
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223:. After a year with still no evidence of what happened to them, they were declared
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The villagers took advantage of this and ambushed them with the help of two armed
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255:
200:, and every time they violently took the village women into the nearby hills and
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123:
325:(黒ん坊) is a derogatory and highly offensive word for Black people in Japanese.
298:
282:
132:
807:
789:
776:
756:
752:
711:
687:"Race and Reflexivity: The Black Other in Contemporary Japanese Mass Culture"
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began to repeatedly visit the village of Katsuyama, northwest of the city of
169:
500:
Gama means cave. Kuronbo （黒んぼ） is an ethnic slur referring to black people."
185:
73:
290:
719:
686:
741:"U.S. Courts-Martial in Occupation Japan: Rape, Race, and Censorship"
220:
622:"Okinawa legend leaves unsettling questions about Marines' deaths"
294:
545:
450:
516:(in Japanese). Naha City, Okinawa: Okinawa Prefectural Office.
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when the bodies and identities of the Marines were discovered.
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201:
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41:
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into which the village of Katsuyama has since been merged.
27:
Killing of three American soldiers by Okinawans in 1945
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The Katsuyama incident has been seen by opponents of
874:
War crimes by the United States during World War II
685:
575:
854:United States Armed Forces in Okinawa Prefecture
805:
600:"3 Dead Marines and a Secret of Wartime Okinawa"
271:Joint Services Central Identification Laboratory
849:United States Marine Corps in the 20th century
247:
176:led to the occupation of the highly-strategic
285:as Private First Class James D. Robinson of
839:Sexual violence in Asia during World War II
435:
433:
370:2002 Okinawa Michael Brown assault incident
281:, the three Marines were identified using
143:was the killing of three African-American
574:Cullen, Lisa Takeuchi (August 13, 2001).
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417:
415:
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411:
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844:United States military scandals in Japan
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277:. Once the bodies were recovered by the
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683:
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289:, Private First Class John M. Smith of
211:soldiers who were hiding in the nearby
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806:
573:
439:
404:
657:
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555:American Battle Monuments Commission
547:American Battle Monuments Commission
451:American Battle Monuments Commission
425:
663:: Japan in the wake of World War II
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392:Sexual assault in the U.S. military
355:Rape during the occupation of Japan
345:, and their 22,000 family members.
297:, all aged 19 or 20 years-old. The
24:
651:
233:United States Civil Administration
25:
890:
879:Vigilantism against sex offenders
561:from the original on July 9, 2021
523:from the original on July 9, 2021
330:U.S. military presence in Okinawa
229:United States Military Government
739:Svoboda, Terese (May 23, 2009).
829:United States military in Japan
141:1945 Katsuyama killing incident
109:Japanese soldiers and civilians
33:1945 Katsuyama killing incident
620:Talmadge, Eric (May 7, 2000).
503:
487:
466:
293:, and Private Isaac Stokes of
184:shortly before the end of the
13:
1:
819:Japan–United States relations
704:10.1525/can.1991.6.1.02a00010
598:Sims, Calvin (June 1, 2000).
539:
256:Kadena United States Air Base
304:
238:
127:The location of the city of
7:
348:
194:United States Marines Corps
163:
10:
895:
667:W. W. Norton & Company
365:1995 Okinawa rape incident
335:U.S.-Japan Security Treaty
18:James D. Robinson (rapist)
360:1955 Yumiko-chan incident
301:could not be determined.
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105:
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79:
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52:
37:
32:
745:The Asia-Pacific Journal
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101:African-American Marines
658:Dower, John W. (2000).
553:. Arlington, Virginia:
343:United States Air Force
56:July 10, 1945
684:Russell, John (1991).
380:2008 Yokosuka homicide
375:2006 Yokosuka homicide
209:Imperial Japanese Army
136:
117:To stop rape incidents
864:1945 murders in Japan
692:Cultural Anthropology
172:victory at the major
145:United States Marines
126:
790:26.5917°N 127.9775°E
627:Athens Banner-Herald
480:. January 31, 2023.
478:dictionary.goo.ne.jp
188:. Reportedly, three
869:War crimes in Japan
786: /
759:on January 29, 2012
551:"James W. Grimmett"
321:refers to a cave.
254:, a tour guide for
605:The New York Times
496:: "Locals call it
339:United States Navy
279:United States Army
178:Okinawa Prefecture
147:in Katsuyama near
137:
46:Okinawa Prefecture
824:Politics of Japan
795:26.5917; 127.9775
676:978-0-393-32027-5
665:(2000 ed.).
638:on April 12, 2015
315:Okinawan language
313:Gama (黒ん坊がま). In
225:missing in action
174:Battle of Okinawa
157:Battle of Okinawa
121:
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16:(Redirected from
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755:. Archived from
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661:Embracing Defeat
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634:. Archived from
632:Associated Press
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577:"Okinawa Nights"
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482:沖縄地方や鹿児島などの方言。
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299:cause of death
283:dental records
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168:In June 1945,
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133:Okinawa Island
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761:. Retrieved
757:the original
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730:– via
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640:. Retrieved
636:the original
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609:. Retrieved
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587:. Retrieved
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563:. Retrieved
525:. Retrieved
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275:Pearl Harbor
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167:
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106:Perpetrators
793: /
781:127°58′39″E
763:October 25,
747:. 21-1-09.
698:(1): 3–25.
511:"沖縄県の基地の現状"
440:Cullen 2001
186:Pacific War
74:Vigilantism
69:Attack type
808:Categories
778:26°35′30″N
540:References
333:Under the
291:Cincinnati
155:after the
60:1945-07-10
753:1557-4660
728:146155382
712:0886-7356
426:Sims 2000
305:Aftermath
239:Discovery
221:deserters
131:(red) on
611:July 12,
559:Archived
518:Archived
386:General:
349:See also
287:Savannah
231:and the
164:Incident
38:Location
642:July 9,
589:July 9,
565:July 9,
527:July 9,
474:"がまの解説"
323:Kuronbō
311:Kuronbō
295:Chicago
153:Okinawa
58: (
48:, Japan
751:
726:
720:656493
718:
710:
673:
213:jungle
170:Allied
114:Motive
98:Victim
90:Deaths
84:Knives
80:Weapon
732:JSTOR
724:S2CID
716:JSTOR
521:(PDF)
514:(PDF)
398:Notes
202:raped
182:Japan
765:2010
749:ISSN
708:ISSN
671:ISBN
644:2021
613:2010
591:2021
583:TIME
567:2021
529:2021
319:Gama
249:稲福節子
198:Nago
149:Nago
139:The
129:Nago
53:Date
42:Nago
700:doi
273:at
180:of
810::
743:.
722:.
714:.
706:.
694:.
690:.
669:.
630:.
624:.
602:.
580:.
557:.
549:.
476:.
432:^
406:^
341:,
317:,
151:,
44:,
767:.
734:.
702::
696:6
679:.
646:.
615:.
593:.
569:.
531:.
252:)
246:(
93:3
62:)
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
