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waiting in Mills Square to guard the gang's escape route. According to some reports, J. S. Allen shouted to the townspeople, “Get your guns, boys, they’re robbing the bank!” Once local citizens realized a robbery was in progress, several took up arms from local hardware stores. Shooting from behind cover, they poured deadly fire on the outlaws. During the gun battle, medical student Henry
Wheeler killed Miller, shooting from a third-floor window of the Dampier House Hotel, across the street from the bank. Another civilian named A. R. Manning, who took cover at the corner of the Sciver building down the street, killed Stiles. Other civilians wounded the Younger brothers (Cole was shot in his left hip, Bob suffered a shattered elbow, and Jim was shot in the jaw). The only civilian fatality on the street was 30-year-old Nicholas Gustafson, an unarmed recent Swedish immigrant, who was killed by Cole Younger at the corner of 5th Street and Division.
496:. One of the outlaws shot the cashier, R. A. C. Martin, who had refused to open the safe. On September 23, 1872, three men (identified by former bushwhacker Jim Chiles as Jesse James and Cole and John Younger) robbed a ticket booth of the Second Annual Kansas City Industrial Exposition, amid thousands of people. They took some $ 900, and accidentally shot a little girl in the ensuing struggle with the ticket-seller. Apart from Chiles' testimony, there is no other evidence this crime was committed by the James or Younger brothers, and Jesse later wrote a letter denying his or the Youngers' involvement. Cole was furious over this, because neither he nor brother John had been linked to the crime before the letter. The crime was praised by
673:. Frank and Jesse James had been there earlier but had already left. When the Pinkertons threw an iron incendiary device into the house, it exploded when it rolled into a blazing fireplace. The blast nearly severed the right arm of Zerelda Samuel, the James boys' mother (the arm had to be amputated at the elbow that night), and killed their 9-year-old half-brother, Archie Samuel. On April 12, 1875, an unknown gunman shot dead Daniel Askew, a neighbor and former Union militiaman who may have been suspected of providing the Pinkertons with a base for their raid. Allan Pinkerton then abandoned the chase for the James–Younger Gang.
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States during his stay at the
Minnesota Territorial Prison in Stillwater. Bob Younger died in prison of tuberculosis on September 15, 1889, at the age of 36. After much legal dispute, Cole and Jim Younger were paroled in 1901 on the condition they remain in Minnesota. Jim committed suicide on October 19, 1902, while on parole in St. Paul, at the age of 54. Cole Younger received a pardon in 1903 on the condition that he leave Minnesota and never return. He traveled to Missouri where he joined a "Wild West" show with Frank James and died there on March 21, 1916, at the age of 72.
390:; the jailer, Henry Bugler, was killed. The James brothers are believed to have been involved. The gang began a string of robberies, many of which were linked to Clement's group of bushwhackers. The hold-up most clearly linked to the group was of Alexander Mitchell and Company in Lexington, Missouri, on October 30, 1866, which netted $ 2,011.50. Clement was also linked to violence and intimidation against officials of the Republican government that now held power in the state. On election day, Clement led his men into Lexington, where they drove Republican voters away from the
638:. He issued a $ 2,000 reward offer for the Iron Mountain robbers (the reward usually offered for criminals was $ 300). He also persuaded the state legislature to provide $ 10,000 for a secret fund to track down the famous outlaws. The first agent, J. W. Ragsdale, was hired on April 9, 1874. On August 30, three of the gang held up a stagecoach across the Missouri River from Lexington, Missouri, in view of hundreds of onlookers on the bluffs of the town. A passenger identified two of the robbers as Frank and Jesse James. The acting governor,
757:, which was far outside the gang's usual territory. The idea for the raid came from Jesse and Bob Younger. Cole tried to talk his brother out of the plan, but Bob refused to back down. Reluctantly, Cole agreed to go, writing to his brother Jim in California to come home. Jim Younger had never wanted anything to do with Cole's outlaw activities, but he agreed to go out of family loyalty. The Northfield bank was not unusually rich. According to public reports, it was a perfectly ordinary rural bank, though rumors persisted that General
379:. The outlaws stole some $ 60,000 in cash and bonds and killed a bystander named George Wymore on the street outside the bank. State authorities suspected Archie Clement of leading the raid, and promptly issued a reward for his capture. In later years, the list of suspects grew to include Jesse and Frank James, Cole Younger, John Jarrett, Oliver Shepherd, Bud and Donny Pence, Frank Greg, Bill and James Wilkerson, Joab Perry, Ben Cooper, Red Mankus, and Allen Parmer (who later married Susan James, Frank and Jesse's sister).
461:. The original farmhouse is on the left and an addition on the right was expanded after Jesse James died. Across a creek and up a hill on the right was the home of Daniel Askew who was killed at home on April 12, 1875. Askew was suspected of cooperating with the Pinkertons in the January 1875 bombing of the house (in a room on the left). James's original grave was on the property but he was later moved to a cemetery in Kearney. The original footstone is still outside although the family has replaced the headstone.
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582:. For the first of two times in all their train robberies, the outlaws robbed the passengers. In both train robberies, their usual target, the safe in the baggage car belonging to an express company, held an unusually small amount of money. On this occasion, the outlaws reportedly examined the hands of the passengers to ensure that they did not rob any working men. Many newspapers reported this was actually done by the "Arthur McCoy" gang. To correct errors, the gang
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arrived in
Northfield about 1:00 p.m. and set up their vegetable wagon along the Cannon River near 5th Street. About 2:00 p.m., they heard gunshots. Nicolaus Gustafson ran to the intersection of Division and 5th a block away, where he was shot in the head as the bank was being robbed. Gustafson died four days later. Another Swede named John Olson was an eyewitness to the Gustafson shooting and later testified against Cole Younger.
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193:. After the war, the men continued to plunder and murder, though the motive shifted to personal profit rather than in the name of the Confederacy. The loose association of outlaws did not truly become the "James–Younger Gang" until 1868 at the earliest, when the authorities first named Cole Younger, John Jarrett, Arthur McCoy, George Shepherd and Oliver Shepherd as suspects in the robbery of the Nimrod Long bank in
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414:. In the aftermath of the two raids, however, the more senior bushwhackers were killed, captured or simply left the group. This set the stage for the emergence of the James and Younger brothers, and the transformation of the old crew into the James–Younger Gang. John Jarrett and Arthur McCoy were mentioned in numerous newspaper accounts, so they were likely active in gang activities up to 1875.
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957:, convinced the state's railroad and express executives to put up the money for a large reward for the capture of the James brothers. Creed Chapman and John Bugler were arrested for participating in the robbery on September 7, 1881. Though they were confirmed as having participated in the robbery by convicted members of the gang, neither was ever convicted.
848:. On November 16, a grand jury issued four indictments – one each for the first-degree murders of Joseph Heywood and Nicolaus Gustafson, one for bank robbery, and one for assault with deadly weapons on the wounded bank clerk, Bunker. The three brothers pleaded guilty on November 20, 1876, and were sentenced to life terms in the
833:, on September 21, two weeks after the Northfield raid. In the gunfight that followed, Pitts was killed and the Youngers were again wounded. The Youngers surrendered and pleaded guilty to murder in order to avoid execution. Frank and Jesse secured horses and fled west across southern Minnesota, turning south just inside the border of the
772:. He had recently moved to Northfield, where his father owned the mill on the Cannon River and had a large amount of stock in the bank. One of the outlaws "had a spite" against Ames, Bob said. Cole Younger said much the same thing years later and recalled greeting "General Ames" on the street in Northfield just before the robbery.
888:, where they spent the next three years living peacefully. Frank in particular seemed to have thrived in his new life farming in the Whites Creek area. Jesse did not adapt well to peace; he gathered up recruits, formed a new gang and returned to a life of crime. On October 8, 1879, Jesse and his gang robbed the
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1017:. Frank James was found not guilty by juries in both cases (July 1883 at Gallatin and April 1884 at Huntsville). Missouri kept jurisdiction over him with other charges but they never came to trial and they kept him from being extradited to Minnesota. Frank James died on February 8, 1915, at the age of 72.
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in a famous editorial entitled, "The
Chivalry of Crime." Edwards soon published an anonymous letter from one of the outlaws (believed to be Jesse) that referred to the approaching presidential election: "Just let a party of men commit a bold robbery, and the cry is hang them. But Grant and his party
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Nicolaus
Gustafson was buried in Northfield because the Millersburg Swedes had no cemetery in 1876. After his death, the Millersburg Swedes determined to establish their own church and burial ground. Peter Youngquist and Carl Hirdler donated an acre of land adjacent to their homes overlooking Circle
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then ran out of the bank after hearing the shooting outside and mounted their horses to make a run for it, having taken only several bags of nickels from the bank. Every year in
September, Northfield hosts "Defeat of Jesse James Days", a celebration of the town's victory over the James–Younger Gang.
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The
Youngers remained loyal to the Jameses when they were in prison and never informed on them. They ended up being model prisoners and in one incident helped keep other prisoners from escaping during a fire at the prison. Cole Younger also founded the longest-running prison newspaper in the United
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on the morning of
September 7, 1876. The gang attempted to rob the bank about 2:00 p.m. on September 7. Northfield residents had seen the gang leave a local restaurant near the mill shortly after noon, where they dined on fried eggs. They testified at the Younger brothers' trial that the group
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In addition to the death of Miller and Stiles, every one of the rest of the gang was wounded, including Frank James and Pitts, both shot in their right legs. Jesse James was the last one to be shot, taking a bullet in the thigh as the gang escaped. The six surviving outlaws rode out of town on the
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Three of the outlaws (Bob
Younger, Frank James and Charlie Pitts) crossed the bridge by the Ames Mill and entered the bank; the other five (Jesse James, Cole and Jim Younger, Bill Stiles and Clell Miller) stood guard outside. Two were standing outside the bank's front door and the other three were
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The conflict rapidly escalated into a succession of atrocities committed by both sides. Union troops often executed or tortured suspects without trial and burned the homes of suspected guerrillas and those suspected of aiding or harboring them. Where credentials were suspect, the accused guerrilla
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refused to open the safe and was murdered for resisting. The two other employees in the bank were teller Alonzo Bunker and assistant bookkeeper Frank Wilcox. Bunker escaped from the bank by running out the back door despite being wounded in the right shoulder by Pitts as he ran. The three robbers
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area in 1876, including Peter
Gustafson, who had recently been joined by his brother Nicolaus and nephew Ernst from Sweden. West of Millersburg that morning, Peter Youngquist harnessed his mules and headed for Northfield to sell farm produce, accompanied by Gustafson and three others. The Swedes
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but neither to fight for it nor against it: its position, as determined by an 1861 constitutional convention, was officially neutral. Missouri, however, had been the scene of much of the agitation leading up to the outbreak of the war, and was home to dedicated partisans from both sides. In the
227:. Though their crimes were reckless and brutal, many members of the gang commanded a notoriety in the public eye that earned the gang significant popular support and sympathy. The gang's activities spanned much of the central part of the country; they are suspected of having robbed
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when they decided to split up (despite persistent stories to the contrary, Cole Younger told interviewers that they all agreed to the decision). The Youngers and Pitts remained on foot, moving west, until finally they were cornered in a swamp called Hanska Slough, just south of
989:. Bob and his brother Charley surrendered to the authorities, pleaded guilty, and were promptly pardoned by Crittenden. On October 4, 1882, Frank James surrendered to Crittenden. Accounts say that Frank surrendered with the understanding that he would not be extradited to
489:, claiming Republicans were persecuting him for his Confederate loyalties by accusing him and Frank of carrying out the robberies. "But I don't care what the degraded Radical party thinks about me," he wrote, "I would just as soon they would think I was a robber as not."
355:, he learned that Quantrill and Anderson had both been killed. The James brothers, however, continued to associate with their old guerrilla comrades, who remained together under the leadership of Archie Clement. It was likely Clement who, amid the tumult of
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was dispatched to the town. They convinced the bushwhackers to disperse, then attempted to capture Clement, who still had a price on his head. Clement refused to surrender and was shot down in a wild gunfight on the streets of Lexington.
666:, on December 8, 1874. It was one of the outlaws' most successful robberies, gaining them $ 30,000. William "Bud" McDaniel was captured by a Kansas City police officer after the robbery, and later was shot during an escape attempt.
631:. Daniels was killed instantly, Lull and John Younger shot and killed each other, while Boyle and Jim Younger escaped. Lull lived long enough to testify before a coroner's inquest before succumbing to his wounds a few days later.
320:'s initial decision to fight as a bushwhacker is usually attributed to the death of his father at the hands of Union forces in July 1862. He and Frank James fought under one of the most famous Confederate bushwhackers,
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619:. Two other agents, John Boyle and Louis J. Lull, accompanied by Deputy Sheriff Edwin B. Daniels to track the Youngers, posed as cattle buyers. On March 17, 1874, the trio was stopped and attacked by
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Membership fluctuated from robbery to robbery, as the outlaws' raids were usually separated by many months. As well as the notorious James brothers, at various times it included the Younger brothers (
531:. Engineer John Rafferty died in the crash. The outlaws took $ 2,337 from the express safe in the baggage car, having narrowly missed a transcontinental express shipment of a large amount of cash.
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On November 24, John Newman Edwards published a lengthy glorification of the James brothers, Cole and John Younger, and Arthur McCoy, in a twenty-page special supplement to his newspaper the
512:. As they rode off they fired in the air and shouted, "Hurrah for Hildebrand!" Samuel S. Hildebrand was a famous Confederate bushwhacker from the area who had recently been shot dead in
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to a Confederate veteran, saying that Northern men had driven them to outlawry and that they intended to make them pay for it. On January 31, the gang robbed a southbound train on the
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during the Civil War. The James brothers were unknown up to this point; this may have been their first robbery. Their names were later added to previous robberies as an afterthought.
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near Glendale, in Jackson County, Missouri. Unfortunately for Jesse, one of the men, Tucker Basham, was captured by a posse. He told authorities he had been recruited by Bill Ryan.
691:, probably to save their mother from further raids by detectives. Once there, Jesse James began to write letters to the local press, asserting his place as a Confederate hero and a
974:, not yet a member of the gang, assisted Liddil in his gunfight. Ford and Liddil, with Bolton as an intermediary, made deals with Governor Crittenden. On February 11, 1882,
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787:, on either side of Northfield. They purchased expensive horses and scouted the terrain around the towns, agreeing to meet south of Northfield along the Cannon River near
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in 1873). Most of the supplement, entitled "A Terrible Quintet," was devoted to Jesse James, the gang's public face, and the article stressed their Confederate loyalties.
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to fight the increasingly organized and deadly partisans. This conflict (fought largely, though not exclusively, between Missourians themselves) raged until after the
911:, taking $ 5,240. Shortly afterward, a drunk and boastful Ryan was arrested in Whites Creek, near Nashville, and both Frank and Jesse James fled back to Missouri.
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For nearly a decade following the Civil War, the James–Younger Gang was among the most feared, most publicized, and most wanted confederations of outlaws on the
410:, on May 22, 1867, in which the town mayor John B. Shaw and two lawmen were killed. This was followed on March 20, 1868, by a raid on the Nimrod Long bank in
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Shortly after the robbery, Bob Younger declared that they had selected it because of its connection to two Union generals and Radical Republican politicians:
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and his son-in-law Adelbert Ames. General Ames had just stepped down as Governor of Mississippi, where he had been strongly identified with civil rights for
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615:. On March 11, 1874, Joseph W. Whicher, the agent who was sent to investigate the James brothers, was found shot to death alongside a rural road in
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1595:"Headquarters U.S. Army Corps of Engineers > About > History > Historical Vignettes > General History > 026 – Stolen Payroll"
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in at least eleven states: Missouri, Kentucky, Tennessee, Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota, Texas, Arkansas, Louisiana, Alabama, and West Virginia.
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Minnesotans joined posses and set up picket lines by the hundreds. After several days the gang had only reached the western outskirts of
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From top to bottom: Bodies of Clell Miller and Bill Caldwell ; Cole Younger; Charlie Pitts (two rows); Bob Younger; the Northfield Bank
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took control of the state. Still, pro-Confederate guerrillas resisted; by early 1862, the Unionist provisional government mobilized a
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On July 7, 1876, Frank and Jesse James, Cole and Bob Younger, Clell Miller, Charlie Pitts, Bill Chadwell and Hobbs Kerry robbed the
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can steal millions and it is all right," the outlaw wrote. "They rob the poor and rich, and we rob the rich and give to the poor."
220:), and renewed his criminal career. This career came to an end in 1882 when Robert Ford shot Jesse James from behind, killing him.
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19:"Jesse James Gang" redirects here. For the 20th century student activist splinter group that became the Weather Underground, see
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516:. Arthur McCoy had lived in this area and knew it quite well; he was likely involved and may have been the planner and leader.
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with Frank and Cole). McDaniel was killed by a posse and Webb was caught. The other two robbers, Frank and Cole, escaped.
328:. Jesse James began his guerrilla career in 1864, at the age of sixteen, fighting alongside Frank under the leadership of
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mid-1850s, local Unionists and Secessionists had begun to battle each other throughout the state, and by the end of 1861,
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Website for the American Experience documentary on Jesse James, broadcast on PBS, with transcript and additional material
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and historical markers in front of the church tell the story of Nicolaus Gustafson and the founding of Christdala.
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The Pinkerton deaths added to the growing embarrassment suffered by Missouri's first post-war Democratic governor,
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Cole, Jim and Bob Younger, Frank and Jesse James, Charlie Pitts, Clell Miller and Bill Chadwell took the train to
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in January 1871. He killed two lawmen during the attempt and escaped. On June 3, 1871, the gang robbed a bank in
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Jesse James Was His Name; or, Fact and Fiction concerning the Careers of the Notorious James Brothers of Missouri
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in Chicago, the first involvement of the famous agency in the pursuit of the James–Younger Gang. Agency founder
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Official website for the family of Frank & Jesse James: Stray Leaves, A James Family in America Since 1650
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In December 1881, Wood Hite was killed by Liddil in an argument over Martha Bolton, the sister of the Fords.
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Artist's concept of the 1869 shooting of Capt. John Sheets of Gallatin, allegedly by Frank and Jesse James
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649:, a journalist-turned-hostage. Curtis interviewed his captors, who allowed him to send dispatches to the
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485:. A short gunfight ended indecisively as the gang escaped. On June 24, Jesse James wrote a letter to the
433:. Jesse is suspected of having shot down the cashier, John W. Sheets, in the mistaken belief that he was
2195:, a podcast by the Minnesota Historical Society on the Younger brothers' time in Stillwater State Prison
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smelled of alcohol and that the gang was obviously under the influence when they greeted General Ames.
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dispatched his son, Robert Pinkerton, who joined a county sheriff in tracking the gang to a farm in
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Despite the death of Clement, his old followers remained together, and robbed a bank across the
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in prison. Ford, on the other hand, agreed to bring down Jesse James in return for the reward.
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On April 3, 1882, Ford fatally shot Jesse James behind the ear at James's rented apartment in
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1901 newspaper interview with Cole and Jim Younger upon their release from a Minnesota prison
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The History of the Christdala Evangelical Swedish Lutheran Church of Millersburg, Minnesota
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The Rocky Cut raid set the stage for the final act of the James–Younger Gang: the famous
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On May 27, 1873, the James–Younger Gang robbed the Ste. Genevieve Savings Association in
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Newspapers report the rise, exploits, and fall of Jesse James and the James–Younger Gang
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208:. Three years later, Jesse James organized a new gang, including Clell Miller's brother
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The Last Ride of the James–Younger Gang; Jesse James and the Northfield Raid 1876
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1788:"Did Frank James die in the last shoot-out with the Ford that was still living?"
1644:"Weekly Graphic. (Kirksville, Adair Co., Mo.) 1880–1949, July 22, 1881, Image 2"
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On the night of January 25, 1875, Pinkerton agents surrounded the James farm in
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Dundas Road toward Millersburg where four of them had spent the night before.
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2 miles (3.2 km) west of Millersburg. Today the church is listed on the
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The James and Younger brothers belonged to families from an area known as "
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was often executed, as in the case of Lt. Col. Frisby McCullough after the
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arrested Wood Hite's brother Clarence, who made a confession but died of
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With this new outbreak of train robberies, the new Governor of Missouri,
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On September 3, 1880, Jesse James and Bill Ryan robbed a stagecoach near
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722:
The First National Bank building in Northfield, site of the robbery
519:
On July 21, 1873, the gang carried out what was arguably the first
513:
453:
149:
104:
1581:
The Twentieth Century Biographical Dictionary of Notable Americans
676:
By September 1875, at least part of the gang had ventured east to
1978:
B. Wayne Quist (July 2009). "The Murder of Nicholaus Gustafson".
1005:
in which a train crewman and a passenger were killed, and one in
825:
599:
117:
1839:
Imagine Nation: The American Counterculture of the 1960s and 70s
1305:. St. Louis: Press of Nixon-Jones Printing Co. pp. 259–260.
876:
2210:
1967:
1620:"William Harrison Westfall (1843–1881) – Find A Grave Memorial"
914:
692:
687:
Also in 1875, the two James brothers moved to the outskirts of
438:
232:
185:
that participated in the bitter partisan fighting that wracked
137:
2216:
960:
943:
840:
On September 23, 1876, the Younger brothers were taken to the
394:, thereby securing a Republican defeat. A detachment of state
899:. On October 5, 1880, they robbed the store of John Dovey in
741:
523:
west of the Mississippi River, derailing a locomotive of the
2136:
Northfield Bank Raid in MNopedia, the Minnesota Encyclopedia
1979:
554:
In January 1874, the outlaws were suspected of holding up a
2158:
1298:
562:. Later another suspected stage robbery took place between
228:
130:
2605:
The Assassination of Jesse James by the Coward Robert Ford
2547:
The Assassination of Jesse James by the Coward Robert Ford
2493:
The Assassination of Jesse James by the Coward Robert Ford
2152:
2089:
Outlaws: The Illustrated History of the James–Younger Gang
1199:
The Assassination of Jesse James by the Coward Robert Ford
799:
Thirteen Swedish families lived west of Northfield in the
256:, the state of Missouri had chosen not to secede from the
2182:
Northfield (Minnesota) Historical Society Bank Raid Wiki
2155:, with excerpts of primary sources and additional essays
1317:"Clay County Savings Association Bank Liberty, Missouri"
265:
warfare erupted between Confederate partisans known as "
2186:
1867:, Johnny D. Boggs, chapter 3, p. 23, McFarland, 2011,
1212:
The James and Younger brothers are major characters in
2696:
2021:
1889:, Johnny D. Boggs, chapter 3, p. 28, McFarland, 2011,
1836:
Peter Braunstein; Michael William Doyle, eds. (2013).
611:, which owned the safe robbed at Gads Hill, hired the
903:. On March 11, 1881, Jesse, Ryan, and Jesse's cousin
308:" in western Missouri with strong ties to the South.
178:
The James–Younger Gang had its origins in a group of
1575:
Johnson, Rossiter; Brown, John Howard, eds. (1904),
1274:
Wellman Jr., Paul I; Brown, Richard Maxwell (1986).
382:
Four months later, on June 13, 1866, two members of
2153:
Website for T. J. Stiles's biography of Jesse James
860:Lake and in 1877 John Olson was hired to build the
2051:Frank and Jesse James: The Story Behind the Legend
2023:
1984:(3rd ed.). Dundas, Minnesota. pp. 19–23.
1962:Frank and Jesse James: The Story Behind the Legend
1568:
2193:The Younger Brothers: After the Attempted Robbery
359:in Missouri, turned the guerrillas into outlaws.
206:attempt to rob the Northfield First National Bank
21:Diana Oughton § SDS and the Jesse James Gang
3247:
2568:I Feel Like a Bullet (In the Gun of Robert Ford)
2171:John Koblas, author of several Jesse James books
2091:(1st ed.). Black Belt Press. p. 224.
2053:(2nd ed.). Cumberland House. p. 512.
2048:
1583:, vol. 3, Boston: The Biographical Society
2070:The Outlaw Youngers: A Confederate Brotherhood
1977:
862:Christdala Evangelical Swedish Lutheran Church
753:raid on September 7, 1876. The target was the
745:A wounded Jim Younger after his arrest in 1876
347:. He was nursed back to health by his cousin,
2682:
2232:
2117:. Osprey Raid Series #35. Osprey Publishing.
2086:
2067:
2002:
1309:
1302:History of Clay and Platte Counties, Missouri
1278:. University of Nebraska Press. p. 384.
713:
492:On April 29, 1872, the gang robbed a bank in
339:At the war's end, Frank James surrendered in
1574:
993:. Only two cases ever came to trial: one in
884:Having escaped, Frank James joined Jesse in
645:The gang was observed during this period by
362:
324:, though Cole eventually joined the regular
2689:
2675:
2239:
2225:
1994:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1384:"Eye-Witness Account of 1869 Bank Robbery"
32:
2445:Jesse James Meets Frankenstein's Daughter
1321:The James–Younger Gang: Come Ride With Us
2005:Jesse James: Last Rebel of the Civil War
1522:
997:, for the July 15, 1881, robbery of the
959:
942:
913:
880:Winston, Missouri Rock Island Line depot
875:
740:
732:
725:
717:
598:
452:
416:
1822:, chapter 8: "Highwaymen came riding",
1782:
1009:, for the March 11, 1881, robbery of a
807:Inside the bank, the assistant cashier
3248:
1905:
1528:
1381:
371:in U.S. history when they held up the
3261:Outlaw gangs of the American Old West
2670:
2630:Gunfighter II: Revenge of Jesse James
2623:Gunfighter: The Legend of Jesse James
2220:
1764:James–Younger Gang: Frank James Trial
1227:The Story of Cole Younger, by Himself
1051:
1011:United States Army Corps of Engineers
148:. The gang was based in the state of
3228:
1671:"Little by Liddil (Jesse Goes Down)"
1668:
1299:National Historical Company (1885).
1216:(William Morrow, 2000; New York), a
866:National Register of Historic Places
658:The gang next robbed a train on the
465:John Younger was almost arrested in
437:, the Union militia officer who had
2461:The Great Northfield Minnesota Raid
2365:Adventures of Frank and Jesse James
1669:Bell, Bob Boze (13 December 2007).
1420:"Deputy Sheriff Charles H. Nichols"
1167:The Great Northfield Minnesota Raid
613:Pinkerton National Detective Agency
475:Pinkerton National Detective Agency
152:, the home of most of the members.
13:
3281:Missouri in the American Civil War
2698:Missouri in the American Civil War
2107:
1063:Cultural depictions of Jesse James
14:
3297:
3266:19th-century people from Missouri
2128:
1818:Walter N. Trenerry (1962, p. 85)
1744:A&E Television Networks, LLC.
1713:A&E Television Networks, LLC.
1529:Coates, Benjamin (January 2014).
1507:. The Officer Down Memorial Page.
1501:"Deputy Sheriff Edwin P. Daniels"
1444:. The Officer Down Memorial Page.
1426:. The Officer Down Memorial Page.
1388:Daviess County Historical Society
1371:. The Officer Down Memorial Page.
1353:. The Officer Down Memorial Page.
1038:Students for a Democratic Society
755:First National Bank of Northfield
316:, was believed to be a Unionist.
3227:
3218:
3217:
1951:
1938:
1911:"Truth, Legend, and Jesse James"
627:on a rural stretch of road near
2246:
2022:Settle Jr., William A. (1977).
1899:
1877:
1856:
1829:
1812:
1776:
1757:
1726:
1695:
1662:
1636:
1612:
1587:
1511:
1493:
1482:
1474:. July 21, 1881. Archived from
1460:
1448:
1036:headed a splinter group of the
549:
448:
373:Clay County Savings Association
2381:The James Brothers of Missouri
2072:. Madison Books. p. 408.
1960:interview with Ted Yeatman on
1734:"Jesse James shot in the back"
1438:"Deputy Sheriff James McMahan"
1430:
1412:
1401:
1375:
1357:
1339:
1292:
1267:
1040:(SDS) that called itself the "
907:robbed a federal paymaster at
871:
1:
2421:The True Story of Jesse James
1468:"William Pinkerton Interview"
1260:
1233:
1229:(Cole Younger, 1903; Chicago)
1220:of "Bloody Bill" Anderson by
1206:
1143:The True Story of Jesse James
570:. There, the gang returned a
289:and the surrender of General
3286:Knights of the Golden Circle
1824:Minnesota Historical Society
1276:A Dynasty of Western Outlaws
850:Minnesota Territorial Prison
819:
538:(Edwards had moved from the
7:
2764:Price's Missouri Expedition
1531:"The Pan-American Lobbyist"
1457:, Monday, Feb 2, 1874, p. 1
1056:
596:newspaper for publication.
560:Bienville Parish, Louisiana
129:was a notable 19th-century
10:
3302:
2405:The Great Jesse James Raid
2211:Today's James Younger Gang
2187:Defeat of Jesse James Days
1864:Jesse James and the Movies
1648:Chroniclingamerica.loc.gov
1074:The James Boys in Missouri
1060:
938:Chicago and Alton Railroad
890:Chicago and Alton Railroad
714:Northfield, Minnesota Raid
386:were freed from prison in
252:From the beginning of the
247:
242:
18:
3213:
3192:
3172:
3114:
3107:
3077:
3051:
3044:
3012:
2947:
2916:
2860:
2779:
2772:
2751:
2730:
2704:
2643:
2614:
2596:
2577:
2561:The Legend of Jesse James
2530:
2520:The Legend of Jesse James
2503:
2324:
2317:
2295:
2254:
1950:
1945:
1703:"Jesse James is murdered"
1518:Louis J Lull Find a grave
1024:
704:Missouri Pacific Railroad
678:Huntington, West Virginia
629:Monegaw Springs, Missouri
363:Early years: 1866 to 1870
113:
97:
79:
71:
50:
31:
2049:Yeatman, Ted P. (2003).
2007:. Vintage. p. 544.
1472:Kansas City Evening Star
706:at the "Rocky Cut" near
617:Jackson County, Missouri
510:Ste. Genevieve, Missouri
322:William Clarke Quantrill
314:Henry Washington Younger
204:during the unsuccessful
2722:Harney–Price Convention
2717:Capture of Camp Jackson
2651:Jesse James Home Museum
2397:The Great Missouri Raid
2357:Jesse James Rides Again
2113:McLachlan, Sean (2012)
2030:. Bison Books. p.
1577:"William Eleroy Curtis"
1455:St. Louis Post-Dispatch
1382:Darryl (12 July 2008).
1135:The Great Missouri Raid
1067:
1044:" and evolved into the
660:Kansas Pacific Railroad
429:Savings Association in
212:and the Ford brothers (
85:; 143 years ago
2087:Brant, Marley (1995).
2068:Brant, Marley (1995).
2003:Stiles, T. J. (2003).
1921:Santa Clara University
1255:List of Old West gangs
1015:Muscle Shoals, Alabama
967:
950:
921:
909:Muscle Shoals, Alabama
897:Mammoth Cave, Kentucky
881:
746:
738:
730:
723:
604:
462:
443:"Bloody Bill" Anderson
422:
412:Russellville, Kentucky
388:Independence, Missouri
334:"Bloody Bill" Anderson
195:Russellville, Kentucky
83:September 7, 1881
2802:Battle of Dug Springs
2176:Yesterday's News blog
1347:"Jailer Henry Bugler"
991:Northfield, Minnesota
963:
946:
917:
879:
751:Northfield, Minnesota
744:
736:
729:
721:
647:William Eleroy Curtis
609:Adams Express Company
602:
576:Iron Mountain Railway
568:Hot Springs, Arkansas
456:
420:
271:Claiborne Fox Jackson
140:that revolved around
16:Criminal organization
1916:Santa Clara Magazine
1886:James and the Movies
1478:on December 3, 2013.
1119:The Younger Brothers
1080:The Younger Brothers
987:St. Joseph, Missouri
955:Thomas T. Crittenden
930:Rock Island Railroad
886:Nashville, Tennessee
708:Otterville, Missouri
689:Nashville, Tennessee
525:Rock Island Railroad
483:Civil Bend, Missouri
467:Dallas County, Texas
457:Jesse James Farm in
299:Battle of Kirksville
2656:John Newman Edwards
2341:Days of Jesse James
2318:Cultural depictions
1909:(10 October 2006).
1820:Murder in Minnesota
1800:on 5 September 2018
1786:(1 December 2004).
1327:on 22 December 1996
1240:History of Missouri
1103:Bad Men of Missouri
1095:Days of Jesse James
1046:Weather Underground
1007:Huntsville, Alabama
831:La Salle, Minnesota
777:St. Paul, Minnesota
652:Chicago Inter-Ocean
580:Gads Hill, Missouri
502:John Newman Edwards
384:Quantrill's Raiders
349:Zerelda "Zee" Mimms
345:Lexington, Missouri
28:
3256:James–Younger Gang
2827:Blue Mills Landing
2413:Jesse James' Women
2373:I Shot Jesse James
2349:Jesse James at Bay
2309:James–Younger Gang
2204:2010-07-01 at the
2164:2019-02-28 at the
2146:2011-03-27 at the
1964:, October 28, 2001
1793:True West Magazine
1769:2021-05-08 at the
1676:True West Magazine
1624:www.findagrave.com
1535:Diplomatic History
1365:"Barry G. Griffin"
1250:Reconstruction Era
1222:James Carlos Blake
1218:biographical novel
1111:Jesse James at Bay
1052:In popular culture
995:Gallatin, Missouri
968:
951:
922:
882:
809:Joseph Lee Heywood
747:
739:
731:
724:
697:Radical Republican
640:Charles P. Johnson
605:
593:St. Louis Dispatch
536:St. Louis Dispatch
494:Columbia, Kentucky
463:
431:Gallatin, Missouri
423:
408:Richmond, Missouri
406:from Lexington in
254:American Civil War
191:American Civil War
127:James–Younger Gang
27:James–Younger Gang
26:
3276:Gangs in Missouri
3243:
3242:
3188:
3187:
3103:
3102:
3059:John S. Marmaduke
3017:(by city or town)
3008:
3007:
2852:Mount Zion Church
2664:
2663:
2639:
2638:
2437:Alias Jesse James
2429:Hell's Crossroads
1973:
1972:
1784:Trimble, Marshall
1547:10.1093/dh/dht067
1151:Young Jesse James
1003:Winston, Missouri
934:Winston, Missouri
671:Kearney, Missouri
588:Gads Hill robbery
540:Kansas City Times
498:Kansas City Times
487:Kansas City Times
459:Kearney, Missouri
377:Liberty, Missouri
225:American frontier
123:
122:
3293:
3231:
3230:
3221:
3220:
3200:General Order 11
3180:Confederate Home
3112:
3111:
3090:Thomas Ewing Jr.
3085:Samuel R. Curtis
3069:Joseph O. Shelby
3049:
3048:
3018:
2980:2nd Independence
2888:1st Independence
2847:Blackwater Creek
2777:
2776:
2691:
2684:
2677:
2668:
2667:
2485:American Outlaws
2453:A Time for Dying
2322:
2321:
2241:
2234:
2227:
2218:
2217:
2102:
2083:
2064:
2045:
2029:
2018:
1999:
1993:
1985:
1955:
1954:
1943:
1942:
1932:
1931:
1929:
1927:
1903:
1897:
1881:
1875:
1860:
1854:
1853:
1833:
1827:
1816:
1810:
1809:
1807:
1805:
1796:. Archived from
1780:
1774:
1761:
1755:
1754:
1752:
1750:
1730:
1724:
1723:
1721:
1719:
1699:
1693:
1692:
1690:
1688:
1683:on 10 March 2018
1679:. Archived from
1666:
1660:
1659:
1657:
1655:
1640:
1634:
1633:
1631:
1630:
1616:
1610:
1609:
1607:
1605:
1591:
1585:
1584:
1572:
1566:
1565:
1563:
1561:
1526:
1520:
1515:
1509:
1508:
1505:ODMP remembers..
1497:
1491:
1486:
1480:
1479:
1464:
1458:
1452:
1446:
1445:
1442:ODMP remembers..
1434:
1428:
1427:
1424:ODMP remembers..
1416:
1410:
1405:
1399:
1398:
1396:
1394:
1379:
1373:
1372:
1369:ODMP Remembers..
1361:
1355:
1354:
1351:ODMP Remembers..
1343:
1337:
1336:
1334:
1332:
1323:. Archived from
1313:
1307:
1306:
1296:
1290:
1289:
1271:
1191:American Outlaws
1042:Jesse James Gang
999:Rock Island Line
976:James Timberlake
901:Mercer, Kentucky
835:Dakota Territory
699:vindictiveness.
586:a report of the
326:Confederate Army
287:fall of Richmond
144:and his brother
93:
91:
86:
36:
29:
25:
3301:
3300:
3296:
3295:
3294:
3292:
3291:
3290:
3246:
3245:
3244:
3239:
3209:
3205:Bleeding Kansas
3184:
3168:
3157:Second Newtonia
3116:
3099:
3073:
3040:
3019:
3016:
3015:
3004:
2943:
2924:2nd Springfield
2912:
2868:Roan's Tan Yard
2856:
2837:1st Springfield
2768:
2747:
2726:
2712:Liberty Arsenal
2700:
2695:
2665:
2660:
2635:
2610:
2592:
2573:
2526:
2512:Bitter Heritage
2499:
2477:Frank and Jesse
2469:The Long Riders
2313:
2291:
2262:Robert S. James
2250:
2245:
2215:
2206:Wayback Machine
2166:Wayback Machine
2148:Wayback Machine
2131:
2110:
2108:Further reading
2105:
2099:
2080:
2061:
2042:
2015:
1987:
1986:
1952:
1946:External videos
1941:
1936:
1935:
1925:
1923:
1904:
1900:
1882:
1878:
1861:
1857:
1850:
1834:
1830:
1817:
1813:
1803:
1801:
1781:
1777:
1771:Wayback Machine
1762:
1758:
1748:
1746:
1732:
1731:
1727:
1717:
1715:
1701:
1700:
1696:
1686:
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1392:
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1362:
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1345:
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1328:
1315:
1314:
1310:
1297:
1293:
1286:
1272:
1268:
1263:
1236:
1209:
1183:Frank and Jesse
1175:The Long Riders
1070:
1065:
1059:
1054:
1027:
874:
822:
783:, the other to
766:Benjamin Butler
716:
552:
479:Allan Pinkerton
451:
365:
279:John C. Frémont
250:
245:
109:
89:
87:
84:
67:
46:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3299:
3289:
3288:
3283:
3278:
3273:
3271:Crime families
3268:
3263:
3258:
3241:
3240:
3238:
3237:
3225:
3214:
3211:
3210:
3208:
3207:
3202:
3196:
3194:
3193:Related topics
3190:
3189:
3186:
3185:
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3176:
3174:
3170:
3169:
3167:
3166:
3164:Wilson's Creek
3161:
3160:
3159:
3154:
3152:First Newtonia
3146:
3141:
3136:
3131:
3126:
3120:
3118:
3109:
3105:
3104:
3101:
3100:
3098:
3097:
3095:Nathaniel Lyon
3092:
3087:
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3079:
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3072:
3071:
3066:
3064:Sterling Price
3061:
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3020:
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3009:
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2997:
2995:Marmiton River
2992:
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2967:
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2934:Cape Girardeau
2931:
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2817:Dry Wood Creek
2814:
2812:Wilson's Creek
2809:
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2389:Kansas Raiders
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2319:
2315:
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2286:Jesse E. James
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1842:. Routledge.
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3139:Island Mound
3000:2nd Newtonia
2908:Clark's Mill
2903:Island Mound
2898:1st Newtonia
2878:Moore's Mill
2628:
2621:
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2588:(Lucky Luke)
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1980:
1961:
1957:
1924:. Retrieved
1914:
1901:
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1863:
1858:
1838:
1831:
1819:
1814:
1802:. Retrieved
1798:the original
1791:
1778:
1759:
1737:
1728:
1706:
1697:
1685:. Retrieved
1681:the original
1674:
1664:
1652:. Retrieved
1647:
1638:
1627:. Retrieved
1623:
1614:
1602:. Retrieved
1598:
1589:
1580:
1570:
1558:. Retrieved
1541:(1): 22–48.
1538:
1534:
1524:
1513:
1504:
1495:
1484:
1476:the original
1471:
1462:
1454:
1450:
1441:
1432:
1423:
1414:
1403:
1391:. Retrieved
1387:
1377:
1368:
1359:
1350:
1341:
1329:. Retrieved
1325:the original
1320:
1311:
1301:
1294:
1275:
1269:
1245:Bushwhackers
1226:
1213:
1197:
1189:
1181:
1173:
1165:
1157:
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1141:
1133:
1125:
1117:
1109:
1101:
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1073:
1028:
1019:
984:
980:tuberculosis
969:
952:
923:
919:Charles Ford
894:
883:
858:
839:
823:
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774:
763:
748:
701:
686:
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657:
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606:
603:John Younger
591:
572:pocket watch
553:
550:1874 to 1876
543:
539:
535:
533:
518:
507:
497:
491:
486:
464:
449:1871 to 1873
424:
401:
381:
366:
338:
318:Cole Younger
306:Little Dixie
303:
295:
267:bushwhackers
251:
237:stagecoaches
222:
199:
183:bushwhackers
177:
173:Clell Miller
154:
126:
124:
63:Cole Younger
3052:Confederate
3014:Involvement
2975:Little Blue
2939:Chalk Bluff
2738:Confederacy
2615:Video games
2586:Jesse James
2333:Jesse James
2303:Robert Ford
2274:Frank James
2248:Jesse James
1926:28 February
1907:Hansen, Ron
1804:5 September
1749:5 September
1739:History.com
1718:5 September
1708:History.com
1687:5 September
1393:5 September
1087:Jesse James
1013:payroll at
965:Robert Ford
948:Dick Liddil
928:robbed the
926:Dick Liddil
872:Final years
842:Rice County
801:Millersburg
625:Jim Younger
584:telegraphed
529:Adair, Iowa
441:and killed
189:during the
180:Confederate
146:Frank James
142:Jesse James
58:Jesse James
51:Named after
43:Frank James
3250:Categories
3173:Cemeteries
2883:Kirksville
2873:New Madrid
2731:Combatants
2597:Literature
2305:(assassin)
2296:Associates
1747:Retrieved
1716:Retrieved
1629:2015-05-07
1331:6 February
1261:References
1207:Literature
1030:Bill Ayers
854:Stillwater
556:stagecoach
396:militiamen
353:California
90:1881-09-07
3148:Newtonia
3144:Lexington
3117:memorials
3108:Aftermath
3036:St. Louis
3026:Centralia
2929:Hartville
2893:Lone Jack
2792:Cole Camp
2787:Boonville
2752:Campaigns
2276:(brother)
1990:cite book
1958:Booknotes
1654:24 August
1604:24 August
1001:train at
905:Wood Hite
846:Faribault
820:Aftermath
263:guerrilla
202:Minnesota
80:Dissolved
72:Formation
3223:Category
3129:Carthage
2990:Westport
2985:Big Blue
2797:Carthage
2270:(mother)
2264:(father)
2202:Archived
2162:Archived
2144:Archived
1767:Archived
1555:26376534
1234:See also
1057:See also
972:Bob Ford
844:jail in
785:Red Wing
770:freedmen
682:Lawrence
544:Dispatch
514:Illinois
439:ambushed
341:Kentucky
187:Missouri
150:Missouri
135:American
105:Missouri
98:Location
3234:Commons
3045:Leaders
3031:Osceola
2965:Glasgow
2960:Sedalia
2842:Belmont
2773:Battles
2705:Origins
2644:Related
826:Mankato
781:Mankato
590:to the
564:Malvern
542:to the
500:editor
248:Origins
243:History
218:Charles
138:outlaws
118:Robbery
114:Methods
88: (
3124:Athens
2807:Athens
2578:Comics
2556:(2012)
2542:(1924)
2523:(1965)
2515:(1958)
2496:(2007)
2488:(2001)
2480:(1994)
2472:(1980)
2464:(1972)
2456:(1972)
2448:(1966)
2440:(1959)
2432:(1957)
2424:(1957)
2416:(1954)
2408:(1953)
2400:(1951)
2392:(1950)
2384:(1949)
2376:(1949)
2368:(1948)
2360:(1947)
2352:(1941)
2344:(1939)
2336:(1939)
2255:Family
2121:
2095:
2076:
2057:
2038:
2011:
1968:C-SPAN
1893:
1884:Jesse
1871:
1846:
1553:
1282:
1202:(2007)
1194:(2001)
1186:(1994)
1178:(1980)
1170:(1972)
1162:(1970)
1154:(1960)
1146:(1957)
1138:(1951)
1130:(1950)
1122:(1949)
1114:(1941)
1106:(1941)
1098:(1939)
1090:(1939)
1082:(1908)
1076:(1908)
1025:Legacy
789:Dundas
693:martyr
235:, and
233:trains
214:Robert
167:, and
45:, 1872
3078:Union
2743:Union
2532:Music
2288:(son)
1826:Press
1560:1 May
1551:JSTOR
932:near
662:near
527:near
392:polls
258:Union
229:banks
39:Jesse
2948:1864
2917:1863
2861:1862
2780:1861
2325:Film
2119:ISBN
2093:ISBN
2074:ISBN
2055:ISBN
2036:ISBN
2009:ISBN
1996:link
1928:2019
1891:ISBN
1869:ISBN
1844:ISBN
1806:2018
1751:2018
1720:2018
1689:2018
1656:2018
1606:2018
1562:2022
1395:2018
1333:2014
1280:ISBN
1068:Film
1032:and
623:and
621:John
607:The
566:and
332:and
277:and
216:and
165:John
157:Cole
131:gang
125:The
75:1861
41:and
2032:283
1543:doi
852:at
695:to
578:at
558:in
375:in
169:Bob
161:Jim
133:of
3252::
2504:TV
2034:.
1992:}}
1988:{{
1966:,
1919:.
1913:.
1790:.
1742:.
1736:.
1711:.
1705:.
1673:.
1646:.
1622:.
1597:.
1579:,
1549:.
1539:38
1537:.
1533:.
1503:.
1470:.
1440:.
1422:.
1386:.
1367:.
1349:.
1319:.
1048:.
856:.
655:.
336:.
231:,
210:Ed
197:.
163:,
159:,
2690:e
2683:t
2676:v
2570:"
2566:"
2240:e
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