537:. Rather than traditional titles, Lawrence labeled each panel with a quote, either to add an individual voice to his work or inject weighted vocabulary. Patrick Henry's speech, famous for the phrase "Give me liberty or give me death", he captioned with a different passage: "Is life so dear, or peace so sweet, as to be purchased at the price of chains and slavery." A panel showing Blacks fighting against a group of white people is captioned with the words of a man who sued for emancipation from slavery in 1773: "We have no property! We have no wives! No children! We have no city! No country!" Three panels (Panels 14, 20 and 29) are lost, and three others were only located in 2017, 2020, and 2021. The fraught politics of the mid-1950s prevented the series from finding a museum purchaser, and the panels had been sold to a private collector who re-sold them as individual works.
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254:, where he reconnected with his mother in Harlem. Lawrence was introduced to art shortly after that when their mother enrolled him in after-school classes at an arts and crafts settlement house in Harlem, called Utopia Children's Center, in an effort to keep him busy. The young Lawrence often drew patterns with crayons. In the beginning, he copied the patterns of his mother's carpets.
161:," an art form popularized in Europe which drew great inspiration from West African and Meso-American art. For his compositions, Lawrence found inspiration in everyday life in Harlem. He brought the African-American experience to life using blacks and browns juxtaposed with vivid colors. He also taught and spent 16 years as a professor at the
315:." He used water-based media throughout his career. Lawrence started to gain some notice for his dramatic and lively portrayals of both contemporary scenes of African-American urban life as well as historical events, all of which he depicted in crisp shapes, bright, clear colors, dynamic patterns, and through revealing posture and gestures.
501:. He posed, still in his uniform, in front of a sign that read: "Jacob Lawrence, The Migration Series and Works Created in the US Coast Guard". The Coast Guard sent the eight paintings to exhibits around the United States. In the disorder and personnel changes that came with demobilization at the end of the war they went missing.
421:. The entire series was purchased jointly and divided by the Phillips Collection in Washington, D.C., which holds the odd-numbered paintings, and New York's Museum of Modern Art, which holds the even-numbered. His early work involved general depictions of everyday life in Harlem and also a major series dedicated to
621:: "The author's artistic talents, sensitivity and insight into the black experience have resulted in a book that actually creates, within the reader, a spiritual experience." Two similar volumes based on his John Brown and Great Migration series followed. Lawrence created illustrations for a selection of 18 of
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offers the
Gwendolyn Knight and Jacob Lawrence Fellowship, a $ 10,000 award to "individuals whose original work reflects the Lawrences' concern with artistic excellence, education, mentorship and scholarship within the cultural contexts and value systems that informed their work and the work of other
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Having thus far miraculously escaped the imprint of academic ideas and current vogues in art,... he has followed a course of development dictated by his own inner motivations... Working in the very limited medium of flat tempera he achieved a richness and brilliance of color harmonies both remarkable
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artist, in the Alston-Bannarn workshop. He also studied at Harlem Art
Workshop in New York in 1937. Harlem provided crucial training for the majority of Black artists in the United States. Lawrence was one of the first artists trained in and by the African-American community in Harlem. Throughout his
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described him as "one of
America's leading modern figurative painters" and "among the most impassioned visual chroniclers of the African-American experience." Shortly before his death he stated: "...for me, a painting should have three things: universality, clarity and strength. Clarity and strength
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Returning to New York, Lawrence continued to paint but grew depressed; in 1949, he checked himself into
Hillside Hospital in Queens, where he remained for eleven months. Painting there, he produced his Hospital Series, works that were uncharacteristic of him in their focus of his subjects' emotional
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Lawrence's color is fittingly vivid for his interpretations. A strong semi-abstract approach aids him in arriving at his basic or archetypal statements. Confronting this work one feels as if vouchsafed an extraordinary elemental experience. Lawrence has grown in his use of rhythm as well as in sheer
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Between 1954 and 1956 Lawrence produced a 30-panel series called "Struggle: From the
History of the American People" that depicted historical scenes from 1775 to 1817. The series, originally planned to include sixty panels, includes references to current events like the 1954 Army-McCarthy hearings,
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At the very start of his career he developed the approach that made his reputation and remained his touchstone: creating series of paintings that told a story or, less often, depicted many aspects of a subject. His first were biographical accounts of key figures of the
African diaspora. He was just
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In 1999, he and his wife established the Jacob and
Gwendolyn Lawrence Foundation for the creation, presentation and study of American art, with a particular emphasis on work by African-American artists. It represents their estates and maintains a searchable archive of nearly a thousand images of
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The colors are completely flat, but because the porcelain is layered, and because
Lawrence here and there paints in strong black shadows, his mural has the look of a rich relief. It is full of visual rhymes. The small scene of John Henry, the steel drivin' man, in the final panel is echoed by an
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inspired
Lawrence as much as the colors, shapes, and patterns inside the homes of its residents. "Even in my mother's home," Lawrence told historian Paul Karlstrom, "people of my mother's generation would decorate their homes in all sorts of color... so you'd think in terms of
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Lawrence is among the best known twentieth-century
African-American painters, known for his modernist illustrations of everyday life as well as narratives of African-American history and historical figures. At the age of 23 he gained national recognition with his 60-panel
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mounted a retrospective exhibition of his work in 1960. In 1969, he was among 200 Black artists in a premier show sponsored by the Philadelphia School District and the Pennsylvania Civic Center Museum. The show featured some of the top names in the country, including
410:, which dries rapidly, he planned all the paintings in advance and then applied a single color wherever he was using it across all the scenes to maintain tonal consistency. Only then did he proceed to the next color. The series was exhibited at the
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448:, thought Lawrence in his next series of thirty images had "even more successfully concentrated his attention on the many-sided life of his people in Harlem". He called the set "an amazing social document" and wrote:
481:. He continued to paint and sketch while in the Coast Guard, documenting the experience of war around the world. He produced 48 paintings during this time, all of which have been lost. He achieved the rank of
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image of a sculptor in the art scene: He is hammering another spike, for quite different reasons, into a block of stone. This is not art that one tires of, for it is not the sort of work one can read at once.
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in Greenwich Village, which made him the first African-American artist represented by a New York gallery. This brought him national recognition. Selections from this series were featured in a 1941 issue of
250:, where his parents had migrated from the rural south. They divorced in 1924. His mother put him and his two younger siblings into foster care in Philadelphia. When he was 13, he and his siblings moved to
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After dropping out of school at 16, Lawrence worked in a laundromat and a printing plant. He continued with art, attending classes at the Harlem Art Workshop, taught by the noted African-American artist
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653:. He became a visiting artist at the University of Washington in 1970 and was professor of art there from 1971 to 1986. He was graduate advisor there to lithographer and abstract painter
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followed in 1941–42. When these pairings became too fragile to display, Lawrence, working on commission, recreated the paintings as a portfolio of silkscreen prints in 1977.
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and exciting... Lawrence symbolizes more than anyone I know, the vitality, the seriousness and promise of a new and socially conscious generation of Negro artists.
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2277:"Crushing Decade-Old Auction Record, 'The Businessmen' by Jacob Lawrence Soars to $ 6.1 Million, Placing Him Among the Most Expensive African American Artists"
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Stewart, Marta Reid (2005). "Women in the Works: A Psychobiographical Interpretation of Jacob Lawrence's Portrayal of Women as Icons of Black Modernism".
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appeared in 1968 and used the series of paintings that told the story of Harriet Tubman. It was listed as one of the year's best illustrated books by
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700:(1946). He depicted in abstract visual language several survivors at the moment of the bombing in the midst of physical and emotional destruction.
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A retrospective exhibition of Lawrence's work, planned before his death, opened at the Phillips Collection in May 2001 and travelled to the
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2961:. The Complete Jacob Lawrence. Seattle, WA: University of Washington Press in association with Jacob Lawrence Catalogue Raisonné Project.
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Shortly after moving to Washington state, Lawrence did a series of five paintings on the westward journey of African-American pioneer
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known for his portrayal of African-American historical subjects and contemporary life. Lawrence referred to his style as "dynamic
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Ott, John (September 2015). "Battle Station MoMA: Jacob Lawrence and the Desegregation of the Armed Forces and the Art World".
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Dickerman, Leah, Elsa Smithgall, Elizabeth Alexander, Rita Dove, Nikky Finney, Terrance Hayes, Tyehimba Jess, et al. (2015).
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2736:"The 1920's...The Migrants Arrive and Cast Their Ballots, from the Kent Bicentennial Portfolio: Spirit of Independence"
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in a U.S. postage stamp panel commemorating milestones of the Civil Rights Movement. The stamp sheet was called
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3239:. Hampton, Va.: Hampton University Museum; Seattle : in association with University of Washington Press.
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692:. Commissioned to provide full-page illustrations for a new edition of a work of his choice, Lawrence chose
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lengthy artistic career, Lawrence concentrated on exploring the history and struggles of African Americans.
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Lawrence taught at several schools after his first stint teaching at Black Mountain College, including the
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His teacher Charles Alston assesses Lawrence's work in an essay for an exhibition at the Harlem YMCA 1938:
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2821:. Zurich, Switzerland : Scheidegger & Spiess ; Savannah, Georgia : SCAD Museum of Art.
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187:(MoMA) in New York. Lawrence's works are in the permanent collections of numerous museums, including the
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panels for his paintings and contributed to the captions for the paintings in his multi-painting works.
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and they sometimes explore relatively obscure or neglected aspects of American history, like a woman,
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of African Americans from the rural South to the urban North. The series was purchased jointly by the
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Sheehan, Tanya (September 2014). "Confronting Taboo: Photography and the Art of Jacob Lawrence".
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was commissioned by the University of Washington in 1985 and installed in the main lobby of the
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3187:. 1st ed. Washington, D.C.: Rappahannock Press, in association with the Phillips Collection.
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Tales from the Easel: American Narrative Paintings from Southeastern Museums, Circa 1800-1950
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so that it may be aesthetically good. Universality so that it may be understood by all men."
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Between Form and Content : Perspectives on Jacob Lawrence + Black Mountain College
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He undertook several major commissions in this part of his career. In 1980, he completed
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and served as a public affairs specialist with the first racially integrated crew on the
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Turner, Elizabeth Hutton, ed., Lonnie G Bunch III, Henry Louis Gates, Jr., et al. (1993)
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2991:. Seattle: Francine Seders Gallery in association with University of Washington Press.
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1576:"Jacob Lawrence Is Dead at 82; Vivid Painter Who Chronicled Odyssey of Black Americans"
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3254:. Seattle: University of Washington Press in association with the Seattle Art Museum.
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African-American Firsts: Famous, Little-known and Unsung Triumphs of Blacks in America
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exhibited all 60 migration panels plus 8 of the paintings Lawrence created aboard the
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Jacob Lawrence : The Frederick Douglass and Harriet Tubman Series of 1938–40
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Jacob Lawrence : The Complete Prints (1963–2000) : A Catalogue Raisonné
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Jacob Lawrence: Paintings, Drawings, and Murals (1935–1999): A Catalogue Raisonné
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1977:"The Jacob and Gwendolyn Knight Lawrence Foundation Website's Searchable Archive"
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Jacob Lawrence: Paintings, Drawings, and Murals (1935-1999), A Catalogue Raisonne
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2234:, United States Postal Service, p 44-47, HarperCollins Publishers, New York, NY
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described it as "enormously sophisticated yet wholly unpretentious " and said:
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Jacob Lawrence : Thirty Years of Prints (1963–1993): A Catalogue Raisonné
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Miles, J. H., Davis, J. J., Ferguson-Roberts, S. E., and Giles, R. G. (2001).
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909:(1947) at auction for $ 2.5 million. The painting has hung in the White House
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2587:"Jacob Lawrence | Paul G. Allen School of Computer Science & Engineering"
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286:, established during the Great Depression by the administration of President
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His work is in the permanent collections of numerous museums, including the
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Lawrence, Jacob; Nicholas, Xavier (2013). "Interview with Jacob Lawrence".
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1173:. Vol. 1. New York, NY: The Studio Museum in Harlem, New York. 2003.
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The African-American Century: How Black Americans Have Shaped Our Country
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The eighteen institutions that awarded Lawrence honorary degrees include
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Lawrence produced another series in 1983, eight screen prints called the
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Wheat, Ellen Harkins (1990). "Jacob Lawrence and the Legacy of Harlem".
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891:, a 1948 brush-and-ink drawing by Lawrence, was selected to suggest The
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1534:"Jacob Lawrence Painting, Missing for Decades, Is Found by Met Visitor"
1489:"How Jacob Lawrence Painted a Radical History of the American Struggle"
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produced an exhibition of Lawrence's entire career in 1974, as did the
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2537:"The 1920's...The Migrants Arrive and Cast Their Ballots (x1976-286)"
2096:"RECIPIENTS OF THE ALGUR H. MEADOWS AWARD FOR EXCELLENCE IN THE ARTS"
936:, the Smithsonian American Art Museum, the Museum of Modern Art, the
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Thompson–Dodd, Jacci (January 1997). "Jacob Lawrence: Recent Work".
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Lawrence continued to paint until a few weeks before his death from
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recruited Lawrence to join the faculty of the summer art program at
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Lawrence completed the 60-panel set of narrative paintings entitled
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21 years old when his series of 41 paintings of the Haitian general
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2806:. Asheville, N.C.: Black Mountain College Museum + Arts Center.
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1996:"Gwendolyn Knight, 91, Artist Who Blossomed Late in Life, Is Dead"
290:. Lawrence continued his studies as well, working with Alston and
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A History of African-American Artists (From 1792 to the Present)
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Black Genius: Inspirational Portraits of America's Black Leaders
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Another biographical series of twenty-two panels devoted to the
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Nesbett, Peter T, Michelle DuBois, and Patricia Hills. (2000).
1515:"Lightning Strikes Twice: Another Lost Jacob Lawrence Surfaces"
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Lawrence teaching school children at the Abraham Lincoln School
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Turner, Elizabeth Hutton; Bailly, Austen Barron, eds. (2019).
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Stovall, Lou (2002). "Working with Jacob Lawrence: An Elegy".
2711:"Philadelphia Museum of Art - Collections Object : Taboo"
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Meany Center for the Performing Arts, University of Washington
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Powell, Richard J. (2001). "Jacob Lawrence: Keep on Movin'".
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University of Washington School of Art + Art History + Design
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In 1945, he was awarded a fellowship in the fine arts by the
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346:. This was followed by a series of paintings of the lives of
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Caro, Julie Levin and Storm Janse van Rensburg, ed. (2020).
1951:"The Jacob and Gwendolyn Knight Lawrence Foundation website"
868:. The exhibit was meant to coincide with the publication of
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website; includes reproductions of several prints from the
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Challenge of the Modern: African-American Artists 1925–1945
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The Jacob and Gwendolyn Knight Lawrence Foundation website
2976:. 2nd ed. Seattle, Wash.: University of Washington Press.
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About the Gwendolyn Knight & Jacob Lawrence Fellowship
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American Education, the Metropolitan Experience, 1876-1980
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Jacob Lawrence : Moving Forward Paintings, 1936–1999
2792:, pp. 293–314, Pantheon Books (Random House), 1993,
2866:. Berkeley, California: University of California Press.
2612:"Jacob Lawrence, "Dream Series #5: The Library " (1967)"
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Paul G. Allen School of Computer Science and Engineering
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1978: Elected a member of the National Academy of Design
2959:
Over the Line : The Art and Life of Jacob Lawrence
2864:
Painting Harlem Modern : The Art of Jacob Lawrence
2408:"Tour: African American Artists: Collection Highlights"
1841:, Website of James Claussen. Retrieved January 6, 2020.
872:. His last commissioned public work, the mosaic mural
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awarded him the Algur H. Meadows Award for Excellence.
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Douglass argued against poor Negroes leaving the South
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artists of color." The Jacob Lawrence Gallery at the
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1998: Awarded the highest honor of Washington state,
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Fellows of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences
1141:"Jacob Lawrence: Exploring Stories: Early Childhood"
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American Visions: The Epic History of Art in America
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United States Coast Guard personnel of World War II
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United States Coast Guard non-commissioned officers
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Members of the American Academy of Arts and Letters
2383:"Captain Skinner | Smithsonian American Art Museum"
2328:"Jacob Lawrence and the art of radical imagination"
2139:"Over the Line: The Art and Life of Jacob Lawrence"
1764:"Jacob Lawrence Is Named Professor of Art at Pratt"
759:1945: Awarded a fellowship in the fine arts by the
664:. These paintings are now in the collection of the
370:, also a student of Savage. She helped prepare the
153:(September 7, 1917 – June 9, 2000) was an American
2246:"Green Room Makeover Incorporates a Colorful Past"
1463:"Jacob Lawrence, Peering Through History's Cracks"
925:offers an annual Jacob Lawrence Legacy Residency.
750:, outlived him and died in 2005 at the age of 91.
5136:Skowhegan School of Painting and Sculpture alumni
3250:Wheat, Ellen Harkins, and Patricia Hills (1986).
1197:Painting Harlem Modern: The Art of Jacob Lawrence
609:Lawrence illustrated several works for children.
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1994:Lehmann-Haupt, Christopher (February 27, 2005).
5151:United States National Medal of Arts recipients
2987:Nesbett, Peter T., and Patricia Hills. (1994).
2847:Driskell, David C, and Patricia Hills. (2008).
2802:Caro, Julie Levin, and Jeff Arnal, eds (2019).
366:On July 24, 1941, Lawrence married the painter
2972:Nesbett, Peter T., and Patricia Hills (2005).
2663:"November 2011 Acquisitions - VMFA Press Room"
2153:– via Traditional Arts Organization Inc.
1200:. University of California Press. p. 36.
246:Jacob Lawrence was born September 7, 1917, in
5106:Deaths from lung cancer in Washington (state)
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1993:
1793:Gates, Henry Louis Jr.; West, Cornel (2002).
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3154:International Review of African American Art
2836:. New York, New York: Museum of Modern Art.
2616:PAFA - Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts
2466:Indianapolis Museum of Art Online Collection
2275:Valentine, Victoria L. (November 15, 2018).
2180:"New York in Transit, Jacob Lawrence (2001)"
2164:Nesbett, Peter T.; DuBose, Michelle (2001).
1730:. University of Georgia Press. p. 148.
629:published the full set of 23 tales in 1998.
2244:Trescott, Jacqueline (September 20, 2007).
880:glass was installed in October 2001 in the
4279:
4265:
3357:
3350:
3336:
2834:Jacob Lawrence : The Migration Series
2200:
2141:(Press release). The Phillips Collection.
1566:
1564:
1562:
1560:
1558:
1556:
1554:
1100:
632:
282:for Lawrence and a paid position with the
107:Paintings portraying African-American life
31:
3137:Columbia: A Journal of Literature and Art
2274:
2201:Van Gelder, Lawrence (November 6, 2001).
2117:. Skyhorse Publishing, Inc. p. 100.
2069:. American Academy of Arts and Sciences.
1792:
1418:John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation
1234:"Exploring Stories: Picturing Narratives"
978:Savannah College of Art and Design Museum
776:1971: Elected an associate member of the
2819:Jacob Lawrence : Lines of Influence
2243:
1723:
803:1996: The Meadows School of the Arts at
322:
256:
235:
5096:Art Students League of New York faculty
4342:Harris & Carroll Sterling Masterson
3134:
3097:
3068:
2788:Bearden, Romare, and Henderson, Harry.
2203:"For Jacob Lawrence, a Subway Showcase"
2112:
2064:"Book of Members, 1780–2010: Chapter L"
2044:from the original on September 28, 2020
1867:
1813:from the original on September 28, 2020
1774:from the original on September 28, 2020
1744:from the original on September 28, 2020
1679:from the original on September 28, 2020
1648:from the original on September 28, 2020
1607:Donohoe, Victoria (December 14, 1969).
1606:
1551:
1532:Sheets, Hilarie M. (October 21, 2020).
1460:
1424:from the original on September 28, 2020
1365:from the original on September 28, 2020
1334:from the original on September 28, 2020
1261:
1259:
1214:from the original on September 28, 2020
1054:List of African-American visual artists
714:
398:, in 1940–41. The series portrayed the
377:
302:The "hard, bright, brittle" aspects of
5056:20th-century African-American painters
5038:
3185:. Jacob Lawrence: The Migration Series
3031:
2952:Almanac of {{African American Heritage
2006:from the original on December 11, 2014
1666:
1633:
1609:"Impressive Exhibit by Afro-Americans"
1570:
1531:
1512:
1442:
1408:
1406:
1352:
278:. Savage secured a scholarship to the
5131:People from Atlantic City, New Jersey
4260:
3331:
3198:
3167:Jacob Lawrence: The American Struggle
2761:"Object of the Month: Jacob Lawrence"
2338:from the original on November 8, 2019
2232:The 2005 Commemorative Stamp Yearbook
1899:Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts
1799:. Simon & Schuster. p. 176.
1461:Elujoba, Yinka (September 17, 2020).
1300:. Phillips Collection. Archived from
1193:
1014:Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts
954:Reynolda House Museum of American Art
799:American Academy of Arts and Sciences
209:Reynolda House Museum of American Art
3324:(1937), Columbus Museum of Art, Ohio
2056:
1931:from the original on August 20, 2018
1921:"Meany Hall for the Performing Arts"
1667:Porter, Connie (February 13, 1994).
1634:Kramer, Hilton (November 17, 1968).
1588:from the original on August 26, 2020
1513:Sheets, Hilarie M. (March 1, 2021).
1486:
1391:from the original on October 6, 2014
1316:
1276:University of Michigan Museum of Art
1256:
994:University of Michigan Museum of Art
787:American Academy of Arts and Letters
753:
625:for Windmill Press in 1970, and the
3100:Source: Notes in the History of Art
3002:
2954:, Paramus, NJ: Prentice Hall Press.
2145:from the original on August 1, 2020
2088:
1403:
1244:from the original on March 23, 2018
1059:List of Federal Art Project artists
738:on June 9, 2000, at the age of 82.
13:
5061:20th-century American male artists
2287:from the original on July 22, 2020
2213:from the original on March 6, 2016
2030:. Pinto Press. 1994. p. 422.
1868:Richard, Paul (December 4, 1980).
1077:
962:Madison Museum of Contemporary Art
903:White House Historical Association
709:Meany Hall for the Performing Arts
666:State of Washington History Museum
14:
5167:
5071:20th-century American printmakers
4288:National Medal of Arts recipients
3284:from the original on May 14, 2016
3266:
2325:
2168:. University of Washington Press.
2076:from the original on July 8, 2011
1856:Northwest African American Museum
1669:"Children's Books; Black History"
1487:Katz, Brigit (January 28, 2020).
1151:from the original on May 23, 2016
1121:from the original on May 23, 2016
270:. Alston urged him to attend the
5156:University of Washington faculty
3252:Jacob Lawrence, American Painter
3201:Archives of American Art Journal
1852:Making a Life | Creating a World
1450:. Harper & Row. p. 638.
1385:"Jacob Lawrence, USCG biography"
974:Minnesota Museum of American Art
862:Los Angeles County Museum of Art
773:for his outstanding achievements
741:
466:, Lawrence was drafted into the
5086:American social realist artists
2753:
2728:
2703:
2677:
2655:
2630:
2604:
2579:
2562:"Jacob Lawrence, Builders n. 1"
2554:
2529:
2504:
2479:
2454:
2430:
2400:
2375:
2350:
2319:
2299:
2268:
2237:
2225:
2194:
2172:
2157:
2131:
2106:
2018:
1987:
1969:
1943:
1913:
1887:
1861:
1844:
1825:
1786:
1756:
1717:
1691:
1660:
1627:
1600:
1525:
1506:
1480:
1454:
1436:
1377:
1353:Devree, Howard (May 16, 1943).
1346:
1328:Smithsonian American Art Museum
1002:Princeton University Art Museum
604:
457:
138:
5101:Black Mountain College faculty
5066:20th-century American painters
3315:, works at Phillips Collection
2862:Hills, Patricia (2019).
2851:. New York: DC Moore Gallery.
1290:
1238:Whitney Museum of American Art
1226:
1187:
1163:
1145:Whitney Museum of American Art
1133:
1071:
858:Detroit Institute of Fine Arts
854:Whitney Museum of American Art
797:1995: Elected a fellow of the
785:1983: Elected a member of the
721:Whitney Museum of American Art
639:New School for Social Research
627:University of Washington Press
493:In October and November 1944,
231:
1:
4356:Southeastern Bell Corporation
3235:Wheat, Ellen Harkins (1991).
2438:"You are being redirected..."
1724:Eldredge, Charles C. (2004).
1699:"Children's Books; Bookshelf"
1064:
897:To Form A More Perfect Union.
812:The Washington Medal of Merit
805:Southern Methodist University
611:Harriet and the Promised Land
488:
284:Works Progress Administration
183:in Washington, D.C., and the
5076:African-American printmakers
2487:"Exchange: Hiroshima Series"
1895:"Jacob Lawrence's Hiroshima"
1355:"From a Reviewer's Notebook"
1324:"Oh Freedom! Jacob Lawrence"
1022:Virginia Museum of Fine Arts
998:North Carolina Museum of Art
970:Minneapolis Institute of Art
866:Museum of Fine Arts, Houston
462:In October 1943, during the
406:. Because he was working in
390:And the Migrants Kept Coming
226:
205:Virginia Museum of Fine Arts
16:American painter (1917–2000)
7:
5111:Federal Art Project artists
4921:Steppenwolf Theatre Company
3397:William Stanley Braithwaite
2689:The Studio Museum in Harlem
1047:
966:Kalamazoo Institute of Arts
882:Times Square subway station
504:
272:Harlem Community Art Center
98:Harlem Community Art Center
10:
5172:
3213:10.1086/aaa.30.1_4.1557650
2098:. SMU News. Archived from
1030:Philadelphia Museum of Art
990:Indianapolis Museum of Art
934:Metropolitan Museum of Art
778:National Academy of Design
197:Metropolitan Museum of Art
189:Philadelphia Museum of Art
5091:American tempera painters
5000:
4934:
4863:
4797:
4726:
4654:
4585:
4510:
4435:
4364:
4295:
3366:
3112:10.1086/sou.24.4.23207950
1096:– via The Artchive.
840:
483:petty officer third class
468:United States Coast Guard
318:
248:Atlantic City, New Jersey
123:
111:
103:
93:
83:
64:
57:Atlantic City, New Jersey
42:
30:
23:
4037:A. Leon Higginbotham Jr.
3653:Charles Hamilton Houston
3437:George Washington Carver
3278:The Museum of Modern Art
3169:. Peabody Essex Museum.
2358:"print | British Museum"
1194:Hills, Patricia (2019).
986:Birmingham Museum of Art
893:Civil Rights Act of 1964
525:states as an inpatient.
423:African-American history
163:University of Washington
4754:Eduardo "Lalo" Guerrero
4633:Catherine Filene Shouse
3274:"Jacob Lawrence | MoMA"
2541:artmuseum.princeton.edu
2491:exchange.umma.umich.edu
2412:National Gallery of Art
2184:NYC Subway Organization
1870:"The Artist's Universe"
1837:August 1, 2020, at the
1026:Studio Museum in Harlem
950:National Gallery of Art
791:1990: Awarded the U.S.
633:Teaching and late works
555:Nancy Elizabeth Prophet
531:Margaret Cochran Corbin
344:Baltimore Museum of Art
280:American Artists School
213:Museum of Northwest Art
151:Jacob Armstead Lawrence
5081:American male painters
4093:Constance Baker Motley
3973:Frederick D. Patterson
3709:Martin Luther King Jr.
3637:Channing Heggie Tobias
3525:William T. B. Williams
3501:Richard Berry Harrison
3485:Mordecai Wyatt Johnson
2885:(3/4): 134–136. 1994.
2642:Saint Louis Art Museum
2462:"Untitled (The Birth)"
2312:June 13, 2010, at the
2113:Russell, Dick (2009).
1111:"Jacob Lawrence - Bio"
1018:Saint Louis Art Museum
793:National Medal of Arts
686:
662:George Washington Bush
542:Brooklyn Museum of Art
519:Black Mountain College
455:
386:Migration of the Negro
364:
334:
274:, led by the sculptor
262:
243:
5126:Painters from Seattle
4881:Ramblin' Jack Elliott
4876:Antoine "Fats" Domino
4527:Cabell "Cab" Calloway
4387:John Carter Brown III
4053:Myrlie Evers-Williams
3809:Clarence Mitchell Jr.
3661:Mabel Keaton Staupers
3421:Charles Sidney Gilpin
2928:10.1353/cal.2013.0087
2591:www.cs.washington.edu
2516:learn.ncartmuseum.org
2512:"Forward – NCMALearn"
1770:. November 14, 1970.
1613:Philadelphia Inquirer
1042:The Walker Art Center
958:Art Institute Chicago
905:purchased Lawrence's
761:Guggenheim Foundation
681:
547:Ellen Powell Tiberino
535:Battle of New Orleans
511:Guggenheim Foundation
450:
359:
340:Toussaint L’Ouverture
326:
288:Franklin D. Roosevelt
260:
239:
175:, which depicted the
4916:Sara Lee Corporation
4789:Boys Choir of Harlem
4392:Charles "Honi" Coles
4157:Frankie Muse Freeman
3921:Benjamin Elijah Mays
3549:Walter Francis White
3453:James Weldon Johnson
3429:Mary Burnett Talbert
3301:Queens Museum of Art
2740:portlandartmuseum.us
2566:www.museivaticani.va
2418:on February 14, 2015
2305:Seattle Art Museum,
1832:About James Claussen
1615:. via newspapers.com
1493:Smithsonian Magazine
1088:on December 15, 2007
715:Last years and death
703:Lawrence's painting
379:The Migration Series
215:. His 1947 painting
185:Museum of Modern Art
172:The Migration Series
4977:Harvey Lichtenstein
4557:Robert Rauschenberg
4412:Kitty Carlisle Hart
4338:David Lloyd Kreeger
3685:Theodore K. Lawless
3533:Mary McLeod Bethune
3477:Charles W. Chesnutt
3373:Ernest Everett Just
2765:Hudson River Museum
2715:www.philamuseum.org
2665:. November 30, 2011
2618:. December 28, 2014
1927:. August 19, 2013.
1636:"For Young Readers"
1115:Phillips Collection
1038:Hudson River Museum
1034:Portland Art Museum
942:Phillips Collection
874:New York in Transit
835:New York University
643:Art Students League
617:and praised by the
595:Henry Ossawa Tanner
453:design and fluency.
181:Phillips Collection
76:Seattle, Washington
4820:Daniel Urban Kiley
4487:Denise Scott Brown
4402:Richard Diebenkorn
4197:Nathaniel R. Jones
4061:Earl G. Graves Sr.
4029:John Hope Franklin
3629:Percy Lavon Julian
3589:A. Philip Randolph
3509:Robert Russa Moton
2877:"Jacob Lawrence".
2387:americanart.si.edu
2362:The British Museum
2207:The New York Times
2000:The New York Times
1768:The New York Times
1703:The New York Times
1673:The New York Times
1641:The New York Times
1581:The New York Times
1538:The New York Times
1519:The New York Times
1467:The New York Times
1359:The New York Times
1298:"Migration Series"
982:Seattle Art Museum
918:Seattle Art Museum
884:in New York City.
846:The New York Times
819:Harvard University
765:1970: Awarded the
725:Seattle Art Museum
615:The New York Times
561:, Jacob Lawrence,
445:The New York Times
352:Frederick Douglass
335:
296:Harlem Renaissance
263:
244:
5033:
5032:
4871:Jacques d'Amboise
4522:Leonore Annenberg
4372:Maurice Abravanel
4333:Riley "B.B." King
4254:
4253:
4237:Cato T. Laurencin
3621:Thurgood Marshall
3597:William H. Hastie
3461:Carter G. Woodson
2691:. August 31, 2017
2190:on March 5, 2009.
1574:(June 10, 2000).
1267:"Jacob Lawrence,
901:In May 2007, the
827:Howard University
754:Awards and honors
746:Lawrence's wife,
579:Barkley Hendricks
392:, now called the
148:
147:
53:September 7, 1917
5163:
4962:Juilliard School
4855:MacDowell Colony
4805:Louise Bourgeois
4784:Stephen Sondheim
4749:Zelda Fichandler
4705:Roy Lichtenstein
4695:James Ingo Freed
4667:Gwendolyn Brooks
4537:Bess Lomax Hawes
4448:James Earl Jones
4382:Pietro Belluschi
4318:Merce Cunningham
4281:
4274:
4267:
4258:
4257:
4247:
4239:
4231:
4223:
4215:
4207:
4199:
4191:
4183:
4175:
4167:
4159:
4151:
4143:
4135:
4127:
4119:
4111:
4103:
4101:Robert L. Carter
4095:
4087:
4079:
4071:
4063:
4055:
4047:
4039:
4031:
4023:
4015:
4007:
3999:
3991:
3983:
3975:
3967:
3959:
3951:
3939:
3931:
3923:
3915:
3907:
3899:
3887:
3879:
3867:
3859:
3851:
3843:
3835:
3827:
3819:
3811:
3803:
3795:
3787:
3779:
3771:
3763:
3755:
3753:Robert C. Weaver
3747:
3745:Kenneth B. Clark
3739:
3731:
3723:
3721:Little Rock Nine
3711:
3703:
3695:
3687:
3679:
3677:Paul R. Williams
3671:
3663:
3655:
3647:
3639:
3631:
3623:
3615:
3607:
3599:
3591:
3583:
3575:
3567:
3559:
3551:
3543:
3535:
3527:
3519:
3511:
3503:
3495:
3487:
3479:
3471:
3463:
3455:
3447:
3439:
3431:
3423:
3415:
3413:W. E. B. Du Bois
3407:
3405:Archibald Grimké
3399:
3391:
3383:
3375:
3352:
3345:
3338:
3329:
3328:
3319:Jacob Lawrence,
3297:"Jacob Lawrence"
3293:
3291:
3289:
3232:
3207:(1/4): 119–126.
3180:
3161:
3148:
3131:
3094:
3065:
3028:
2947:
2910:
2776:
2775:
2773:
2771:
2757:
2751:
2750:
2748:
2746:
2732:
2726:
2725:
2723:
2721:
2707:
2701:
2700:
2698:
2696:
2681:
2675:
2674:
2672:
2670:
2659:
2653:
2652:
2650:
2648:
2634:
2628:
2627:
2625:
2623:
2608:
2602:
2601:
2599:
2597:
2583:
2577:
2576:
2574:
2572:
2558:
2552:
2551:
2549:
2547:
2533:
2527:
2526:
2524:
2522:
2508:
2502:
2501:
2499:
2497:
2483:
2477:
2476:
2474:
2472:
2458:
2452:
2451:
2449:
2447:
2434:
2428:
2427:
2425:
2423:
2414:. Archived from
2404:
2398:
2397:
2395:
2393:
2379:
2373:
2372:
2370:
2368:
2354:
2348:
2347:
2345:
2343:
2323:
2317:
2303:
2297:
2296:
2294:
2292:
2272:
2266:
2265:
2263:
2261:
2252:. Archived from
2241:
2235:
2229:
2223:
2222:
2220:
2218:
2198:
2192:
2191:
2186:. Archived from
2176:
2170:
2169:
2161:
2155:
2154:
2152:
2150:
2135:
2129:
2128:
2110:
2104:
2103:
2102:on June 9, 2007.
2092:
2086:
2085:
2083:
2081:
2075:
2068:
2060:
2054:
2053:
2051:
2049:
2022:
2016:
2015:
2013:
2011:
1991:
1985:
1984:
1983:on July 7, 2008.
1979:. Archived from
1973:
1967:
1966:
1964:
1962:
1953:. Archived from
1947:
1941:
1940:
1938:
1936:
1917:
1911:
1910:
1908:
1906:
1891:
1885:
1884:
1882:
1880:
1865:
1859:
1848:
1842:
1829:
1823:
1822:
1820:
1818:
1790:
1784:
1783:
1781:
1779:
1760:
1754:
1753:
1751:
1749:
1721:
1715:
1714:
1712:
1710:
1705:. March 15, 1998
1695:
1689:
1688:
1686:
1684:
1664:
1658:
1657:
1655:
1653:
1631:
1625:
1624:
1622:
1620:
1604:
1598:
1597:
1595:
1593:
1568:
1549:
1548:
1546:
1544:
1529:
1523:
1522:
1510:
1504:
1503:
1501:
1499:
1484:
1478:
1477:
1475:
1473:
1458:
1452:
1451:
1444:Cremin, Lawrence
1440:
1434:
1433:
1431:
1429:
1414:"Jacob Lawrence"
1410:
1401:
1400:
1398:
1396:
1381:
1375:
1374:
1372:
1370:
1350:
1344:
1343:
1341:
1339:
1320:
1314:
1313:
1311:
1309:
1304:on June 13, 2014
1294:
1288:
1287:
1285:
1283:
1269:Hiroshima Series
1263:
1254:
1253:
1251:
1249:
1230:
1224:
1223:
1221:
1219:
1191:
1185:
1184:
1167:
1161:
1160:
1158:
1156:
1137:
1131:
1130:
1128:
1126:
1107:
1098:
1097:
1095:
1093:
1084:. Archived from
1078:Hughes, Robert.
1075:
1044:in Minneapolis.
748:Gwendolyn Knight
690:Hiroshima Series
651:Skowhegan School
583:Raymond Saunders
464:Second World War
412:Downtown Gallery
395:Migration Series
368:Gwendolyn Knight
308:Great Depression
142:
140:
130:Gwendolyn Knight
118:Migration Series
114:
71:
52:
50:
37:Lawrence in 1941
35:
21:
20:
5171:
5170:
5166:
5165:
5164:
5162:
5161:
5160:
5036:
5035:
5034:
5029:
4996:
4992:Maria Tallchief
4972:Rosetta LeNoire
4947:Aretha Franklin
4930:
4891:Barbara Handman
4859:
4845:Edward Villella
4825:Angela Lansbury
4793:
4722:
4710:Arthur Mitchell
4650:
4647:Young Audiences
4593:Harry Belafonte
4581:
4506:
4431:
4407:R. Philip Hanes
4360:
4291:
4285:
4255:
4250:
4242:
4234:
4226:
4221:Patrick Gaspard
4218:
4210:
4202:
4194:
4186:
4178:
4170:
4165:Harry Belafonte
4162:
4154:
4146:
4138:
4130:
4122:
4114:
4106:
4098:
4090:
4082:
4074:
4066:
4058:
4050:
4042:
4034:
4026:
4018:
4010:
4002:
3994:
3986:
3978:
3970:
3962:
3954:
3942:
3934:
3926:
3918:
3910:
3902:
3890:
3882:
3870:
3862:
3854:
3846:
3838:
3830:
3822:
3814:
3806:
3801:Sammy Davis Jr.
3798:
3790:
3785:John H. Johnson
3782:
3774:
3766:
3758:
3750:
3742:
3737:Langston Hughes
3734:
3726:
3714:
3706:
3701:Jackie Robinson
3698:
3690:
3682:
3674:
3666:
3658:
3650:
3642:
3634:
3626:
3618:
3610:
3605:Charles R. Drew
3602:
3594:
3586:
3578:
3573:Louis T. Wright
3570:
3565:Marian Anderson
3562:
3554:
3546:
3538:
3530:
3522:
3514:
3506:
3498:
3490:
3482:
3474:
3469:Anthony Overton
3466:
3458:
3450:
3442:
3434:
3426:
3418:
3410:
3402:
3394:
3386:
3378:
3370:
3362:
3356:
3287:
3285:
3272:
3269:
3177:
3139:(36): 192–198.
2876:
2783:Further reading
2780:
2779:
2769:
2767:
2759:
2758:
2754:
2744:
2742:
2734:
2733:
2729:
2719:
2717:
2709:
2708:
2704:
2694:
2692:
2685:"The Architect"
2683:
2682:
2678:
2668:
2666:
2661:
2660:
2656:
2646:
2644:
2636:
2635:
2631:
2621:
2619:
2610:
2609:
2605:
2595:
2593:
2585:
2584:
2580:
2570:
2568:
2560:
2559:
2555:
2545:
2543:
2535:
2534:
2530:
2520:
2518:
2510:
2509:
2505:
2495:
2493:
2485:
2484:
2480:
2470:
2468:
2460:
2459:
2455:
2445:
2443:
2441:www.artsbma.org
2436:
2435:
2431:
2421:
2419:
2406:
2405:
2401:
2391:
2389:
2381:
2380:
2376:
2366:
2364:
2356:
2355:
2351:
2341:
2339:
2324:
2320:
2314:Wayback Machine
2304:
2300:
2290:
2288:
2273:
2269:
2259:
2257:
2256:on July 5, 2009
2250:Washington Post
2242:
2238:
2230:
2226:
2216:
2214:
2199:
2195:
2178:
2177:
2173:
2162:
2158:
2148:
2146:
2137:
2136:
2132:
2125:
2111:
2107:
2094:
2093:
2089:
2079:
2077:
2073:
2066:
2062:
2061:
2057:
2047:
2045:
2038:
2024:
2023:
2019:
2009:
2007:
1992:
1988:
1975:
1974:
1970:
1960:
1958:
1957:on May 16, 2008
1949:
1948:
1944:
1934:
1932:
1919:
1918:
1914:
1904:
1902:
1893:
1892:
1888:
1878:
1876:
1874:Washington Post
1866:
1862:
1849:
1845:
1839:Wayback Machine
1830:
1826:
1816:
1814:
1807:
1791:
1787:
1777:
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1762:
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1757:
1747:
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1680:
1665:
1661:
1651:
1649:
1632:
1628:
1618:
1616:
1605:
1601:
1591:
1589:
1572:Cotter, Holland
1569:
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1542:
1540:
1530:
1526:
1511:
1507:
1497:
1495:
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1471:
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1169:
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1139:
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1134:
1124:
1122:
1109:
1108:
1101:
1091:
1089:
1076:
1072:
1067:
1050:
946:Brooklyn Museum
843:
831:Amherst College
823:Yale University
756:
744:
717:
677:Washington Post
647:Pratt Institute
635:
607:
559:Barbara Bullock
507:
491:
479:Carlton Skinner
460:
400:Great Migration
382:
321:
234:
229:
201:Brooklyn Museum
177:Great Migration
144:
141: 1941)
136:
132:
112:
79:
78:, United States
73:
69:
60:
59:, United States
54:
48:
46:
38:
26:
17:
12:
11:
5:
5169:
5159:
5158:
5153:
5148:
5143:
5138:
5133:
5128:
5123:
5118:
5113:
5108:
5103:
5098:
5093:
5088:
5083:
5078:
5073:
5068:
5063:
5058:
5053:
5048:
5031:
5030:
5028:
5027:
5022:
5017:
5012:
5007:
5001:
4998:
4997:
4995:
4994:
4989:
4984:
4979:
4974:
4969:
4964:
4959:
4954:
4952:Michael Graves
4949:
4944:
4938:
4936:
4932:
4931:
4929:
4928:
4923:
4918:
4913:
4908:
4906:Roberta Peters
4903:
4898:
4893:
4888:
4883:
4878:
4873:
4867:
4865:
4861:
4860:
4858:
4857:
4852:
4847:
4842:
4837:
4832:
4827:
4822:
4817:
4812:
4807:
4801:
4799:
4795:
4794:
4792:
4791:
4786:
4781:
4779:Maurice Sendak
4776:
4774:Robert Redford
4771:
4766:
4764:Bella Lewitzky
4761:
4759:Lionel Hampton
4756:
4751:
4746:
4744:Harry Callahan
4741:
4739:Sarah Caldwell
4736:
4730:
4728:
4724:
4723:
4721:
4720:
4719:Urban Gateways
4717:
4712:
4707:
4702:
4697:
4692:
4687:
4678:
4669:
4664:
4662:Licia Albanese
4658:
4656:
4652:
4651:
4649:
4648:
4645:
4643:Richard Wilbur
4640:
4638:Wayne Thiebaud
4635:
4630:
4625:
4620:
4615:
4610:
4605:
4600:
4595:
4589:
4587:
4583:
4582:
4580:
4579:
4574:
4569:
4567:William Styron
4564:
4562:Lloyd Richards
4559:
4554:
4549:
4547:Robert Merrill
4544:
4542:Stanley Kunitz
4539:
4534:
4529:
4524:
4514:
4512:
4508:
4507:
4505:
4504:
4499:
4494:
4489:
4483:Robert Venturi
4480:
4475:
4470:
4465:
4460:
4455:
4450:
4445:
4439:
4437:
4433:
4432:
4430:
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4419:
4414:
4409:
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4399:
4394:
4389:
4384:
4379:
4374:
4368:
4366:
4362:
4361:
4359:
4358:
4353:
4348:
4343:
4340:
4335:
4330:
4328:Jacob Lawrence
4325:
4320:
4315:
4310:
4305:
4299:
4297:
4293:
4292:
4284:
4283:
4276:
4269:
4261:
4252:
4251:
4249:
4248:
4240:
4232:
4224:
4216:
4208:
4200:
4192:
4189:Sidney Poitier
4184:
4176:
4168:
4160:
4152:
4144:
4136:
4128:
4120:
4112:
4104:
4096:
4088:
4080:
4072:
4064:
4056:
4048:
4040:
4032:
4024:
4016:
4013:Dorothy Height
4008:
4005:Barbara Jordan
4000:
3992:
3989:Douglas Wilder
3984:
3976:
3968:
3960:
3957:Benjamin Hooks
3952:
3940:
3932:
3924:
3916:
3908:
3900:
3888:
3880:
3868:
3860:
3852:
3844:
3836:
3828:
3820:
3817:Jacob Lawrence
3812:
3804:
3796:
3788:
3780:
3777:Leontyne Price
3772:
3764:
3756:
3748:
3740:
3732:
3729:Duke Ellington
3724:
3712:
3704:
3696:
3693:Carl J. Murphy
3688:
3680:
3672:
3669:Harry T. Moore
3664:
3656:
3648:
3640:
3632:
3624:
3616:
3608:
3600:
3592:
3584:
3581:Richard Wright
3576:
3568:
3560:
3552:
3544:
3536:
3528:
3520:
3512:
3504:
3496:
3488:
3480:
3472:
3464:
3456:
3448:
3440:
3432:
3424:
3416:
3408:
3400:
3392:
3389:Harry Burleigh
3384:
3376:
3367:
3364:
3363:
3359:Spingarn Medal
3355:
3354:
3347:
3340:
3332:
3326:
3325:
3321:Interior Scene
3316:
3310:
3294:
3268:
3267:External links
3265:
3264:
3263:
3248:
3233:
3196:
3181:
3175:
3162:
3149:
3132:
3095:
3083:10.1086/679707
3066:
3046:10.1086/444635
3029:
3017:10.1086/684920
3000:
2985:
2970:
2955:
2948:
2922:(2): 260–267.
2911:
2891:10.1086/424229
2874:
2860:
2845:
2830:
2815:
2800:
2785:
2784:
2778:
2777:
2752:
2727:
2702:
2676:
2654:
2629:
2603:
2578:
2553:
2528:
2503:
2478:
2453:
2429:
2399:
2374:
2349:
2326:Bryan, Mason.
2318:
2298:
2267:
2236:
2224:
2193:
2171:
2156:
2130:
2124:978-1626366466
2123:
2105:
2087:
2055:
2036:
2017:
1986:
1968:
1942:
1912:
1886:
1860:
1843:
1824:
1805:
1785:
1755:
1736:
1716:
1690:
1659:
1626:
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1315:
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1206:
1186:
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1132:
1099:
1069:
1068:
1066:
1063:
1062:
1061:
1056:
1049:
1046:
1006:Musei Vaticani
938:Whitney Museum
930:British Museum
842:
839:
815:
814:
808:
801:
795:
789:
783:
780:
774:
767:Spingarn Medal
763:
755:
752:
743:
740:
716:
713:
655:James Claussen
634:
631:
623:Aesop's Fables
606:
603:
599:Joshua Johnson
587:Louis B. Sloan
581:, Paul Keene,
575:Avel de Knight
571:Romare Bearden
506:
503:
490:
487:
459:
456:
381:
376:
350:(1938–39) and
348:Harriet Tubman
320:
317:
276:Augusta Savage
268:Charles Alston
233:
230:
228:
225:
193:Whitney Museum
146:
145:
134:
128:
127:
125:
121:
120:
115:
109:
108:
105:
104:Known for
101:
100:
95:
91:
90:
85:
81:
80:
74:
72:(aged 82)
66:
62:
61:
55:
44:
40:
39:
36:
28:
27:
25:Jacob Lawrence
24:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5168:
5157:
5154:
5152:
5149:
5147:
5144:
5142:
5139:
5137:
5134:
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5129:
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5117:
5114:
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5044:
5043:
5041:
5026:
5023:
5021:
5018:
5016:
5013:
5011:
5008:
5006:
5005:Complete list
5003:
5002:
4999:
4993:
4990:
4988:
4985:
4983:
4982:Lydia Mendoza
4980:
4978:
4975:
4973:
4970:
4968:
4965:
4963:
4960:
4958:
4955:
4953:
4950:
4948:
4945:
4943:
4942:Irene Diamond
4940:
4939:
4937:
4933:
4927:
4924:
4922:
4919:
4917:
4914:
4912:
4909:
4907:
4904:
4902:
4899:
4897:
4894:
4892:
4889:
4887:
4884:
4882:
4879:
4877:
4874:
4872:
4869:
4868:
4866:
4862:
4856:
4853:
4851:
4848:
4846:
4843:
4841:
4840:Jason Robards
4838:
4836:
4833:
4831:
4828:
4826:
4823:
4821:
4818:
4816:
4813:
4811:
4808:
4806:
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4800:
4796:
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4780:
4777:
4775:
4772:
4770:
4767:
4765:
4762:
4760:
4757:
4755:
4752:
4750:
4747:
4745:
4742:
4740:
4737:
4735:
4732:
4731:
4729:
4725:
4718:
4716:
4713:
4711:
4708:
4706:
4703:
4701:
4698:
4696:
4693:
4691:
4690:David Diamond
4688:
4686:
4682:
4679:
4677:
4673:
4670:
4668:
4665:
4663:
4660:
4659:
4657:
4653:
4646:
4644:
4641:
4639:
4636:
4634:
4631:
4629:
4626:
4624:
4621:
4619:
4618:Erick Hawkins
4616:
4614:
4611:
4609:
4608:Dorothy DeLay
4606:
4604:
4601:
4599:
4596:
4594:
4591:
4590:
4588:
4584:
4578:
4575:
4573:
4570:
4568:
4565:
4563:
4560:
4558:
4555:
4553:
4552:Arthur Miller
4550:
4548:
4545:
4543:
4540:
4538:
4535:
4533:
4530:
4528:
4525:
4523:
4519:
4516:
4515:
4513:
4509:
4503:
4500:
4498:
4495:
4493:
4490:
4488:
4484:
4481:
4479:
4476:
4474:
4471:
4469:
4466:
4464:
4463:Robert Saudek
4461:
4459:
4456:
4454:
4451:
4449:
4446:
4444:
4443:Marilyn Horne
4441:
4440:
4438:
4434:
4428:
4425:
4423:
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4418:
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4413:
4410:
4408:
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4398:
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4393:
4390:
4388:
4385:
4383:
4380:
4378:
4375:
4373:
4370:
4369:
4367:
4363:
4357:
4354:
4352:
4351:Beverly Sills
4349:
4347:
4344:
4341:
4339:
4336:
4334:
4331:
4329:
4326:
4324:
4321:
4319:
4316:
4314:
4313:Jessica Tandy
4311:
4309:
4306:
4304:
4303:George Abbott
4301:
4300:
4298:
4294:
4289:
4282:
4277:
4275:
4270:
4268:
4263:
4262:
4259:
4246:
4241:
4238:
4233:
4230:
4225:
4222:
4217:
4214:
4209:
4206:
4201:
4198:
4193:
4190:
4185:
4182:
4177:
4174:
4173:Jessye Norman
4169:
4166:
4161:
4158:
4153:
4150:
4145:
4142:
4137:
4134:
4129:
4126:
4121:
4118:
4113:
4110:
4105:
4102:
4097:
4094:
4089:
4086:
4081:
4078:
4077:Vernon Jordan
4073:
4070:
4069:Oprah Winfrey
4065:
4062:
4057:
4054:
4049:
4046:
4041:
4038:
4033:
4030:
4025:
4022:
4017:
4014:
4009:
4006:
4001:
3998:
3993:
3990:
3985:
3982:
3981:Jesse Jackson
3977:
3974:
3969:
3966:
3961:
3958:
3953:
3950:
3946:
3941:
3938:
3933:
3930:
3925:
3922:
3917:
3914:
3913:Coleman Young
3909:
3906:
3905:Rayford Logan
3901:
3898:
3894:
3889:
3886:
3881:
3878:
3874:
3869:
3866:
3861:
3858:
3853:
3850:
3845:
3842:
3837:
3834:
3829:
3826:
3825:Leon Sullivan
3821:
3818:
3813:
3810:
3805:
3802:
3797:
3794:
3793:Edward Brooke
3789:
3786:
3781:
3778:
3773:
3770:
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3762:
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3534:
3529:
3526:
3521:
3518:
3513:
3510:
3505:
3502:
3497:
3494:
3493:Henry A. Hunt
3489:
3486:
3481:
3478:
3473:
3470:
3465:
3462:
3457:
3454:
3449:
3446:
3441:
3438:
3433:
3430:
3425:
3422:
3417:
3414:
3409:
3406:
3401:
3398:
3393:
3390:
3385:
3382:
3381:Charles Young
3377:
3374:
3369:
3368:
3365:
3360:
3353:
3348:
3346:
3341:
3339:
3334:
3333:
3330:
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3311:
3308:
3307:
3302:
3298:
3295:
3283:
3279:
3275:
3271:
3270:
3261:
3260:9780295970110
3257:
3253:
3249:
3246:
3245:9780961698249
3242:
3238:
3234:
3230:
3226:
3222:
3218:
3214:
3210:
3206:
3202:
3197:
3194:
3193:9780963612915
3190:
3186:
3182:
3178:
3176:9780875772370
3172:
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2997:9780295973579
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2982:9780295985596
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2967:9780295979656
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2842:9780870709647
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2798:0-394-57016-2
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2639:
2638:"Builders #1"
2633:
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2065:
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2043:
2039:
2037:9780758241665
2033:
2029:
2028:
2021:
2005:
2001:
1997:
1990:
1982:
1978:
1972:
1956:
1952:
1946:
1930:
1926:
1922:
1916:
1901:. May 3, 2019
1900:
1896:
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1180:0-942949-24-2
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790:
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749:
742:Personal life
739:
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584:
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568:
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563:Benny Andrews
560:
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551:Horace Pippin
548:
543:
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469:
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454:
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442:, writing in
441:
440:Howard Devree
436:
434:
431:
426:
425:(1940–1941).
424:
420:
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316:
314:
309:
305:
300:
297:
293:
292:Henry Bannarn
289:
285:
281:
277:
273:
269:
259:
255:
253:
252:New York City
249:
242:
238:
224:
222:
219:hangs in the
218:
214:
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206:
202:
198:
194:
190:
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96:
92:
89:
86:
82:
77:
67:
63:
58:
45:
41:
34:
29:
22:
19:
4987:George Segal
4901:Gregory Peck
4896:Agnes Martin
4830:James Levine
4810:Betty Carter
4734:Edward Albee
4613:Julie Harris
4598:Dave Brubeck
4577:Billy Wilder
4502:Lila Wallace
4478:Billy Taylor
4468:Earl Scruggs
4458:Minnie Pearl
4453:Allan Houser
4417:Pearl Primus
4327:
4323:Jasper Johns
4228:
4213:Willie Brown
4204:
4181:Quincy Jones
4149:Cicely Tyson
4125:John Conyers
4021:Maya Angelou
3997:Colin Powell
3965:Percy Sutton
3936:
3893:Andrew Young
3884:
3856:
3841:Wilson Riles
3833:Gordon Parks
3816:
3761:Medgar Evers
3645:Ralph Bunche
3613:Paul Robeson
3556:
3445:Roland Hayes
3320:
3304:
3286:. Retrieved
3277:
3251:
3236:
3204:
3200:
3184:
3166:
3157:
3153:
3136:
3106:(4): 56–66.
3103:
3099:
3077:(3): 28–51.
3074:
3071:American Art
3070:
3040:(1): 90–93.
3037:
3034:American Art
3033:
3011:(3): 58–89.
3008:
3005:American Art
3004:
2988:
2973:
2958:
2951:
2919:
2915:
2882:
2879:American Art
2878:
2863:
2848:
2833:
2818:
2803:
2789:
2768:. Retrieved
2764:
2755:
2743:. Retrieved
2739:
2730:
2718:. Retrieved
2714:
2705:
2693:. Retrieved
2688:
2679:
2667:. Retrieved
2657:
2645:. Retrieved
2641:
2632:
2620:. Retrieved
2615:
2606:
2594:. Retrieved
2590:
2581:
2569:. Retrieved
2565:
2556:
2544:. Retrieved
2540:
2531:
2519:. Retrieved
2515:
2506:
2494:. Retrieved
2490:
2481:
2469:. Retrieved
2465:
2456:
2444:. Retrieved
2440:
2432:
2420:. Retrieved
2416:the original
2402:
2390:. Retrieved
2386:
2377:
2365:. Retrieved
2361:
2352:
2340:. Retrieved
2332:crosscut.com
2331:
2321:
2301:
2289:. Retrieved
2281:Culture Type
2280:
2270:
2260:December 29,
2258:. Retrieved
2254:the original
2249:
2239:
2231:
2227:
2215:. Retrieved
2206:
2196:
2188:the original
2183:
2174:
2165:
2159:
2147:. Retrieved
2133:
2114:
2108:
2100:the original
2090:
2078:. Retrieved
2058:
2046:. Retrieved
2026:
2020:
2010:February 16,
2008:. Retrieved
1999:
1989:
1981:the original
1971:
1959:. Retrieved
1955:the original
1945:
1933:. Retrieved
1924:
1915:
1903:. Retrieved
1898:
1889:
1877:. Retrieved
1873:
1863:
1851:
1850:Program for
1846:
1827:
1815:. Retrieved
1795:
1788:
1776:. Retrieved
1767:
1758:
1746:. Retrieved
1726:
1719:
1707:. Retrieved
1702:
1693:
1681:. Retrieved
1672:
1662:
1650:. Retrieved
1639:
1629:
1617:. Retrieved
1612:
1602:
1590:. Retrieved
1579:
1541:. Retrieved
1537:
1527:
1518:
1508:
1496:. Retrieved
1492:
1482:
1470:. Retrieved
1466:
1456:
1447:
1438:
1426:. Retrieved
1417:
1393:. Retrieved
1379:
1367:. Retrieved
1358:
1348:
1336:. Retrieved
1327:
1318:
1306:. Retrieved
1302:the original
1292:
1280:. Retrieved
1274:
1268:
1246:. Retrieved
1237:
1228:
1216:. Retrieved
1196:
1189:
1170:
1165:
1153:. Retrieved
1144:
1135:
1123:. Retrieved
1114:
1090:. Retrieved
1086:the original
1080:
1073:
927:
915:
913:since 2009.
907:The Builders
906:
900:
896:
888:
886:
873:
869:
851:
845:
844:
816:
745:
733:
731:their work.
729:
718:
704:
702:
697:
694:John Hershey
689:
687:
682:
676:
672:
670:
659:
636:
619:Boston Globe
618:
614:
610:
608:
605:Publications
567:Roland Ayers
539:
527:
523:
515:Josef Albers
508:
498:
492:
473:
461:
458:World War II
451:
443:
437:
430:abolitionist
427:
416:
393:
389:
385:
383:
378:
365:
360:
356:
336:
327:
301:
264:
245:
240:
217:The Builders
216:
170:
167:
150:
149:
113:Notable work
70:(2000-06-09)
68:June 9, 2000
18:
5051:2000 deaths
5046:1917 births
4967:Norman Lear
4926:Gwen Verdon
4911:Philip Roth
4886:Frank Gehry
4835:Tito Puente
4715:Bill Monroe
4681:Ossie Davis
4676:Iris Cantor
4628:Pete Seeger
4572:Paul Taylor
4532:Ray Charles
4492:Robert Wise
4473:Robert Shaw
4422:Isaac Stern
4397:John Crosby
4308:Hume Cronyn
4245:Jim Clyburn
4141:Julian Bond
4109:Oliver Hill
3945:Tom Bradley
3873:Alvin Ailey
3849:Damon Keith
3769:Roy Wilkins
3717:Daisy Bates
3160:(1): 10–13.
2770:January 26,
2745:January 26,
2720:January 26,
2695:January 26,
2669:January 26,
2647:January 26,
2622:January 26,
2596:January 26,
2571:January 26,
2546:January 26,
2521:January 26,
2496:January 26,
2471:January 26,
2446:January 26,
2392:January 26,
2367:January 26,
2342:November 8,
1905:October 30,
1619:January 13,
1543:October 22,
1498:October 22,
1472:October 22,
1282:October 30,
736:lung cancer
673:Exploration
513:. In 1946,
404:World War I
354:(1939–40).
306:during the
232:Early years
221:White House
84:Nationality
5040:Categories
4850:Doc Watson
4815:Agnes Gund
4623:Gene Kelly
4603:Celia Cruz
4346:Ian McHarg
4117:Ben Carson
4085:John Lewis
4045:Carl Rowan
3949:Bill Cosby
3929:Lena Horne
3897:Rosa Parks
3877:Alex Haley
3865:Hank Aaron
3517:Max Yergan
3306:John Brown
2857:0981525016
2827:3858818259
2812:1532372930
2291:August 26,
2217:August 18,
2149:August 19,
2048:August 18,
1935:August 17,
1879:August 18,
1817:August 26,
1778:August 18,
1748:August 26,
1709:August 17,
1683:August 17,
1652:August 17,
1592:August 16,
1428:August 18,
1369:August 25,
1338:August 26,
1308:August 18,
1248:August 25,
1218:August 26,
1092:August 17,
1065:References
911:Green Room
889:Dixie Café
864:, and the
649:, and the
489:Lost works
433:John Brown
294:, another
211:, and the
49:1917-09-07
4769:Vera List
4672:B. Gerald
4377:Roy Acuff
3541:John Hope
3229:192678126
3128:191379974
3091:222326922
3062:192169029
3025:163759421
2944:162209761
2907:222326156
2080:April 14,
887:In 2005,
727:in 1986.
698:Hiroshima
591:Ed Wilson
499:Sea Cloud
474:Sea Cloud
438:In 1943,
331:at Ennery
329:Toussaint
227:Biography
94:Education
4700:Bob Hope
4685:Ruby Dee
4497:AT&T
4229:no award
4205:no award
4133:Ruby Dee
3937:no award
3885:no award
3857:no award
3719:and the
3557:no award
3282:Archived
3145:41808150
3120:23207950
2936:24264907
2916:Callaloo
2422:April 3,
2336:Archived
2310:Archived
2285:Archived
2211:Archived
2143:Archived
2071:Archived
2042:Archived
2004:Archived
1929:Archived
1835:Archived
1811:Archived
1772:Archived
1742:Archived
1677:Archived
1646:Archived
1586:Archived
1446:(1988).
1422:Archived
1395:March 3,
1389:Archived
1363:Archived
1332:Archived
1242:Archived
1240:. 2002.
1212:Archived
1149:Archived
1147:. 2002.
1119:Archived
1048:See also
876:made of
505:Post-war
477:, under
88:American
4290:(1990s)
3361:winners
3309:series.
3288:May 13,
3221:1557650
3054:3109375
2899:3109178
2316:, 2009.
1961:July 8,
1858:, 2008.
1155:May 13,
1125:May 13,
769:by the
705:Theater
418:Fortune
408:tempera
313:Matisse
155:painter
143:
135:
4957:Odetta
4518:Walter
4427:Texaco
4243:2022:
4235:2021:
4227:2020:
4219:2019:
4211:2018:
4203:2017:
4195:2016:
4187:2015:
4179:2014:
4171:2013:
4163:2012:
4155:2011:
4147:2010:
4139:2009:
4131:2008:
4123:2007:
4115:2006:
4107:2005:
4099:2004:
4091:2003:
4083:2002:
4075:2001:
4067:2000:
4059:1999:
4051:1998:
4043:1997:
4035:1996:
4027:1995:
4019:1994:
4011:1993:
4003:1992:
3995:1991:
3987:1990:
3979:1989:
3971:1988:
3963:1987:
3955:1986:
3943:1985:
3935:1984:
3927:1983:
3919:1982:
3911:1981:
3903:1980:
3891:1979:
3883:1978:
3871:1977:
3863:1976:
3855:1975:
3847:1974:
3839:1973:
3831:1972:
3823:1971:
3815:1970:
3807:1969:
3799:1968:
3791:1967:
3783:1966:
3775:1965:
3767:1964:
3759:1963:
3751:1962:
3743:1961:
3735:1960:
3727:1959:
3715:1958:
3707:1957:
3699:1956:
3691:1955:
3683:1954:
3675:1953:
3667:1952:
3659:1951:
3651:1950:
3643:1949:
3635:1948:
3627:1947:
3619:1946:
3611:1945:
3603:1944:
3595:1943:
3587:1942:
3579:1941:
3571:1940:
3563:1939:
3555:1938:
3547:1937:
3539:1936:
3531:1935:
3523:1934:
3515:1933:
3507:1932:
3499:1931:
3491:1930:
3483:1929:
3475:1928:
3467:1927:
3459:1926:
3451:1925:
3443:1924:
3435:1923:
3427:1922:
3419:1921:
3411:1920:
3403:1919:
3395:1918:
3387:1917:
3379:1916:
3371:1915:
3258:
3243:
3227:
3219:
3191:
3173:
3143:
3126:
3118:
3089:
3060:
3052:
3023:
2995:
2980:
2965:
2942:
2934:
2905:
2897:
2870:
2855:
2840:
2825:
2810:
2796:
2121:
2034:
1803:
1734:
1204:
1177:
1040:, and
1036:, the
1032:, the
1028:, the
1024:, the
1020:, the
1016:, the
1012:, the
1008:, the
1004:, the
1000:, the
996:, the
992:, the
988:, the
984:, the
980:, the
976:, the
972:, the
968:, the
964:, the
960:, the
956:, the
948:, the
944:, the
940:, the
932:, the
878:Murano
860:, the
856:, the
841:Legacy
833:, and
641:, the
472:USCGC
333:, 1989
319:Career
304:Harlem
203:, the
199:, the
191:, the
159:cubism
124:Spouse
5025:2010s
5020:2000s
5015:1990s
5010:1980s
3225:S2CID
3217:JSTOR
3141:JSTOR
3124:S2CID
3116:JSTOR
3087:S2CID
3058:S2CID
3050:JSTOR
3021:S2CID
2940:S2CID
2932:JSTOR
2903:S2CID
2895:JSTOR
2074:(PDF)
2067:(PDF)
771:NAACP
372:gesso
137:(
133:
4935:1999
4864:1998
4798:1997
4727:1996
4683:and
4674:and
4655:1995
4586:1994
4520:and
4511:1993
4485:and
4436:1992
4365:1991
4296:1990
3947:and
3895:and
3875:and
3290:2016
3256:ISBN
3241:ISBN
3189:ISBN
3171:ISBN
2993:ISBN
2978:ISBN
2963:ISBN
2868:ISBN
2853:ISBN
2838:ISBN
2823:ISBN
2808:ISBN
2794:ISBN
2772:2021
2747:2021
2722:2021
2697:2021
2671:2021
2649:2021
2624:2021
2598:2021
2573:2021
2548:2021
2523:2021
2498:2021
2473:2021
2448:2021
2424:2015
2394:2021
2369:2021
2344:2019
2293:2020
2262:2007
2219:2020
2151:2020
2119:ISBN
2082:2011
2050:2020
2032:ISBN
2012:2017
1963:2008
1937:2020
1907:2020
1881:2020
1819:2020
1801:ISBN
1780:2020
1750:2020
1732:ISBN
1711:2020
1685:2020
1654:2020
1621:2023
1594:2020
1545:2020
1500:2020
1474:2020
1430:2020
1397:2008
1371:2020
1340:2020
1310:2020
1284:2020
1250:2020
1220:2020
1202:ISBN
1175:ISBN
1157:2016
1127:2016
1094:2020
952:and
916:The
719:The
597:and
540:The
495:MoMA
65:Died
43:Born
3209:doi
3108:doi
3079:doi
3042:doi
3013:doi
2924:doi
2887:doi
696:'s
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