393:
140:. Quite early on it was used as a name for a peasant or "a man of the lower orders". It continued the low class connotations in phrases such as "jack tar" for a common seaman, "every man jack," or the use of jack for the knave in cards. The diminutive form is also seen in "Jack of all trades, master of none", where Jack implies a poor tradesman, possibly not up to journeyman standard. The term was taken into inanimate objects and denoted a small (or occasionally inferior) component: jack-pit (a small mine shaft), jackplug (single pronged, low current), jack-shaft (intermediate or idler shaft), jack (in bowling: the small ball) or jack-engine (a donkey or barring engine). Incidentally, a jack is a garment for the upper body (quotes from 1375 onwards), a jacket is derived from this and is a small jack; not the other way around. As a further example of this usage, in 1686
1791:
1760:
1466:
1450:
1776:
1745:
1054:
1237:
969:
525:
1249:
336:
1598:
448:
1009:
20:
1195:
475:
1389:
1435:
436:
658:
621:
1329:
561:
898:
643:
463:
302:
718:
1359:
1729:
1533:
1180:
954:
1153:
573:
994:
1481:
1111:
290:
266:
171:
1405:
1374:
1314:
597:
1503:
1284:
501:
314:
1518:
1222:
1126:
1024:
939:
537:
382:
358:
1420:
1096:
513:
823:
278:
1264:
1207:
1549:
1344:
1299:
424:
370:
1564:
1039:
808:
673:
1168:
1141:
609:
412:
688:
1084:
585:
549:
1069:
853:
838:
778:
883:
793:
914:
868:
703:
31:
733:
763:
748:
50:
1583:
1706:
followed the same pattern for its first naval jack (1861–1863), using the canton of its first naval ensign, with seven stars forming a circle on a "medium blue" field. Later versions had up to fifteen stars. The second
Confederate naval jack was a rectangular cousin of the Confederate army's battle
151:
As a flag, "jack" followed this usage. A jack flag was a small flag, used to distinguish it from the large ensign or pennants. The OED mentions the theory of its derivation from James I or from a leathern jacket but dismisses both: "neither of these conjectures covers the early use of the word".
234:
and some other countries with civil and war ensigns of different designs fly the civil ensign as a jack and the war ensign at the ship's stern. A shortened, square version of the national flag is used by some countries. A larger group of jacks show the country's national
100:) the naval jack is forbidden to other vessels. The United Kingdom has an official civil jack; the Netherlands has several unofficial ones. In some countries, ships of other government institutions may fly the naval jack, e.g. the ships of the
1744:
152:
Originally, the jack would have been flown from the bowsprit topmast head: "You are alsoe for this present service to keepe in yo Jack at yo
Boultspritt end" (sailing instructions 1633 as quoted in OED2). In 1667
247:
displayed on the field. Most countries have chosen a completely different design for their naval jacks, often with some national or maritime symbol, and usually with the same colours as in their flags.
1790:
1759:
136:"Jack" occupies 6 pages of the complete second edition of the Oxford English Dictionary and the use of the word in English goes back to the 14th century, appearing as a forename in
2081:
1236:
474:
2063:
2027:
1248:
1465:
1449:
1263:
162:
and a man "struck her flag and jacke" — clearly two different things. By 1692 the jackstaff had been developed to fly the jack: "Jack staff and Jack".
1775:
392:
2048:
1983:
105:
897:
1388:
1652:) was added to form the present Union Flag. The design of the UK's Union Jack probably inspired later jacks of other states, such as
178:
524:
2106:
2077:
968:
447:
1753:
from 1960 to 1975, 1977 to 2002, and 2019 to the present (identical to the canton in the national flag or ensign of that period)
112:. Certain organs of the UK's government have their own departmental jacks. Commercial or pleasure craft may fly the flag of an
1434:
148:) to pump water out of mines says: "they draw it up by Gin, which is made bigger, or less ... the less they call a Jack".
1728:
1532:
1616:
United or confederated states have in many cases adopted a jack representing their national union. The best known is the
642:
230:
and some other countries use the same flag or ensign for all purposes, civil or military, and also as their naval jack.
2019:
1270:
1194:
1053:
1008:
620:
335:
92:
appeared in the 17th century. A country may have different jacks for different purposes, especially when (as in the
435:
1328:
1883:
1781:
1711:
1657:
1610:
1586:
1358:
657:
1179:
953:
301:
1766:
1703:
1152:
572:
560:
195:
must be run up when the first line is ashore when coming alongside. The same regulations are applied by the
1722:(top and bottom). The naval jack was also used as a flag for the common diplomatic representations abroad.
1480:
1110:
993:
822:
1502:
1404:
1373:
1313:
1283:
807:
717:
672:
596:
500:
462:
289:
265:
187:
A naval jack is usually flown when the ship is not under way, but is moored or at anchor, or when it is
1517:
1419:
1221:
1125:
1095:
1023:
938:
687:
536:
512:
381:
357:
313:
2178:
1999:
1946:
1750:
1684:
1680:
1456:
481:
109:
101:
1563:
1548:
1343:
1298:
1206:
1083:
1038:
852:
837:
423:
369:
277:
1649:
1641:
256:
Countries that use their war ensign also as a jack, will usually fly a smaller version at the bow.
157:
2131:
Album des pavillons nationaux et des marques distinctives. National flags and distinctive markings
1687:. In 1975 and 1976, and then again from September 11, 2002, to June 4, 2019, the US Navy flew the
1167:
1140:
777:
608:
411:
2173:
2163:
2004:
1951:
113:
1714:(1844–1905) was a rectangular cross flag divided per saltire, combining the national colours of
1068:
913:
882:
792:
584:
548:
2168:
1597:
39:
23:
867:
732:
702:
1861:
762:
747:
19:
8:
649:
196:
54:
2102:
1676:
1637:
222:
or war flag. Some countries fly a smaller version of the national or war flag, or its
2042:
1977:
1539:
454:
223:
2148:
1812:
1242:
Naval jack (Prinsengeus) of the Royal
Netherlands Navy (Kingdom of The Netherlands)
188:
2143:
1688:
1471:
218:
Naval jacks are usually rectangular, often square, and smaller than the national
207:
35:
1699:"DONT TREAD ON ME" superimposed on thirteen alternating red and white stripes.
170:
1807:
1621:
1441:
904:
125:
93:
183:
displaying the
Russian naval jack at the bow and the naval ensign at the stern
116:(state, province, land) or municipality at the bow. Merchant ships may fly a
2157:
1675:
From 1777 to 1975, 1977 to
September 2002, and June 2019 to the present, the
219:
203:
137:
128:
at the bow. Practice may be regulated by law, custom, or personal judgment.
77:
1817:
1395:
1365:
829:
236:
210:
is also used as embroidered sleeve patches by the US Navy on its uniforms.
174:
153:
145:
1965:
1873:
Also used on land as the Royal
Bahrain Naval Force's organizational flag.
1822:
1692:
1335:
1254:
1186:
814:
679:
141:
97:
1735:
1625:
1617:
1159:
694:
192:
117:
73:
2133:, Service hydrographique et océanographique de la marine, Brest, 2000
1117:
1000:
859:
844:
664:
69:
30:
1661:
1633:
1509:
1411:
1380:
1320:
1290:
1060:
784:
89:
85:
49:
1920:
Also used on land as the South Korean navy's organizational flag.
1665:
1645:
1629:
1524:
1426:
1228:
1132:
1102:
1030:
1015:
960:
945:
920:
889:
799:
156:, naval administrator and diarist, recorded the Dutch taking the
2020:"Royal Canadian Navy - National Defence - Canadian Armed Forces"
1582:
1904:
1896:
1719:
1715:
1669:
1653:
1570:
1555:
1350:
1305:
1274:
1213:
1045:
874:
739:
724:
709:
240:
227:
121:
2018:
Defence, Government of Canada, National (30 September 2014).
1900:
1696:
1257:(civil jack, unofficial, the most popular of several designs)
769:
754:
342:
244:
231:
81:
1908:
1683:", consisting of the blue canton with white stars from the
1606:
1075:
484:, also flown by other federal government and civilian ships
65:
349:
2064:"Military Times & Sightline Media Group nov. 4, 2013"
2149:
1796:
1660:. The Russian jack in its turn inspired the jacks of
403:
927:
2155:
489:
1943:
106:National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
2078:"Navy replaces maple leaf flag for new design"
2047:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1982:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
191:on special occasions. The Union Jack of the
1628:, composed in 1606 by joining the flags of
2144:FOTW (Flags of the World) website on jacks
1939:
1937:
1707:flag and was in use from 1863 until 1865.
1691:, allegedly used in 1775 and 1776, with a
1494:
1269:Naval jack of Nicaragua, identical to the
982:
1596:
1581:
634:
391:
169:
48:
29:
18:
2017:
1934:
350:Square version of national flag as jack
2156:
974:Naval jack of Canada from 1968 to 2013
1970:The natural history of Stafford-shire
1851:Was used as the naval ensign in 1994.
251:
213:
1964:
530:Naval jack of the Dominican Republic
327:
13:
2124:
1882:Also identical to the flag of the
1271:international maritime signal flag
14:
2190:
2137:
1589:flown by Swedish armored cruiser
404:Canton of national ensign as jack
124:or officer's flag or the owner's
1789:
1774:
1758:
1743:
1727:
1562:
1547:
1531:
1516:
1501:
1479:
1464:
1448:
1433:
1418:
1403:
1387:
1372:
1357:
1342:
1327:
1312:
1297:
1282:
1262:
1247:
1235:
1220:
1205:
1193:
1178:
1166:
1151:
1139:
1124:
1109:
1094:
1082:
1067:
1052:
1037:
1022:
1007:
992:
967:
952:
937:
912:
896:
881:
866:
851:
836:
821:
806:
791:
776:
761:
746:
731:
716:
701:
686:
671:
656:
641:
619:
607:
595:
583:
571:
559:
547:
535:
523:
511:
499:
473:
461:
446:
434:
422:
410:
380:
368:
356:
334:
312:
300:
288:
276:
264:
2109:from the original on 2020-10-23
2084:from the original on 2016-12-02
2030:from the original on 2016-04-02
1914:
1889:
1884:French protectorate of Cambodia
1876:
1867:
1854:
1782:Naval jack of Sweden and Norway
1751:Naval jack of the United States
1712:Union Jack of Sweden and Norway
1658:Union Jack of Sweden and Norway
1611:Union Jack of Norway and Sweden
1587:Union Jack of Sweden and Norway
1472:Naval jack of the United States
928:National flag in canton as jack
396:Dutch naval jack onboard HNLMS
76:(front) of a vessel, while the
2095:
2070:
2056:
2011:
1990:
1958:
1845:
1836:
1577:
16:Banner flown from a ship's bow
1:
1927:
1704:Confederate States of America
626:Naval jack of Ukraine in 1993
490:National coat of arms as jack
45:'s jackstaff in December 2001
2024:www.navy-marine.forces.gc.ca
131:
7:
1801:
307:Coast Guard jack of Iceland
10:
2195:
1895:Also includes the arms of
2000:Oxford English Dictionary
1947:Oxford English Dictionary
1457:jack of the United States
1200:Naval jack of South Korea
144:writing about gins (i.e.
120:. Yachts may fly a club
102:United States Coast Guard
36:US naval jack (2002–2019)
1842:Adopted as such in 2013.
1829:
1609:, June 1895, flying the
578:Naval jack of Montenegro
165:
2103:"War ensign (Malaysia)"
2005:Oxford University Press
1952:Oxford University Press
1495:Cross and Saltire Jacks
1486:Naval jack of Venezuela
983:Jacks of special design
566:Naval jack of Lithuania
114:administrative division
1613:
1594:
602:Naval jack of Portugal
506:Naval jack of Colombia
400:
184:
57:
46:
27:
24:Royal Netherlands Navy
1862:Canadian naval ensign
1738:of the United Kingdom
1650:Saint Patrick's Cross
1600:
1585:
907:(i.e. the Union Jack)
635:National flag as jack
542:Naval jack of Finland
518:Naval jack of Croatia
441:Naval jack of Liberia
395:
387:Naval jack of Romania
363:Naval jack of Belgium
295:Naval jack of Germany
271:Naval jack of Denmark
173:
52:
33:
22:
1825:– the study of flags
1718:(hoist and fly) and
1089:Naval jack of Cyprus
429:Naval jack of Greece
375:Naval jack of Norway
319:Naval jack of Sweden
1173:Naval jack of Malta
1146:Naval jack of Italy
650:Antigua and Barbuda
614:Naval jack of Spain
468:Naval jack of Tonga
417:Naval jack of Chile
283:Naval jack of Egypt
197:Royal Canadian Navy
108:in the case of the
68:flown from a short
55:Irish Naval Service
1767:Confederate States
1765:Naval jack of the
1685:US national ensign
1677:United States Navy
1638:Kingdom of Ireland
1614:
1601:Norwegian gunboat
1595:
1440:Civil jack of the
1394:Naval jack of the
959:Civil jack of the
903:Naval jack of the
590:Naval jack of Peru
554:Naval jack of Iran
453:Naval jack of the
401:
252:War ensign as jack
214:Shapes and designs
185:
84:(rear). Jacks on
58:
53:Naval jack of the
47:
28:
1966:Plot, Robert, LLD
1784:from 1844 to 1905
1769:from 1861 to 1863
1542:from 2004 to 2009
1474:from 2002 to 2019
1398:from 1932 to 1991
455:Republic of China
243:of arms, or as a
38:being hoisted on
2186:
2179:Maritime culture
2118:
2117:
2115:
2114:
2099:
2093:
2092:
2090:
2089:
2074:
2068:
2067:
2060:
2054:
2052:
2046:
2038:
2036:
2035:
2015:
2009:
2008:
2003:(2nd ed.).
1994:
1988:
1987:
1981:
1973:
1962:
1956:
1955:
1950:(2nd ed.).
1941:
1921:
1918:
1912:
1893:
1887:
1880:
1874:
1871:
1865:
1860:Now used as the
1858:
1852:
1849:
1843:
1840:
1813:Flag terminology
1793:
1778:
1762:
1747:
1731:
1566:
1551:
1535:
1520:
1505:
1483:
1468:
1459:in 1776 and 1777
1452:
1437:
1422:
1407:
1391:
1376:
1361:
1346:
1331:
1316:
1301:
1286:
1266:
1251:
1239:
1224:
1209:
1197:
1182:
1170:
1155:
1143:
1128:
1113:
1098:
1086:
1071:
1056:
1041:
1026:
1011:
996:
971:
956:
941:
916:
900:
885:
870:
855:
840:
825:
810:
795:
780:
765:
750:
735:
720:
705:
690:
675:
660:
645:
623:
611:
599:
587:
575:
563:
551:
539:
527:
515:
503:
477:
465:
450:
438:
426:
414:
384:
372:
360:
338:
328:War flag as jack
316:
304:
292:
280:
268:
80:is flown on the
2194:
2193:
2189:
2188:
2187:
2185:
2184:
2183:
2154:
2153:
2140:
2127:
2125:Further reading
2122:
2121:
2112:
2110:
2101:
2100:
2096:
2087:
2085:
2076:
2075:
2071:
2062:
2061:
2057:
2040:
2039:
2033:
2031:
2016:
2012:
1996:
1995:
1991:
1975:
1974:
1963:
1959:
1942:
1935:
1930:
1925:
1924:
1919:
1915:
1894:
1890:
1881:
1877:
1872:
1868:
1859:
1855:
1850:
1846:
1841:
1837:
1832:
1804:
1797:
1794:
1785:
1779:
1770:
1763:
1754:
1748:
1739:
1732:
1689:First Navy Jack
1644:in 1801, a red
1580:
1573:
1567:
1558:
1552:
1543:
1536:
1527:
1521:
1512:
1506:
1497:
1492:
1491:
1490:
1487:
1484:
1475:
1469:
1460:
1453:
1444:
1438:
1429:
1423:
1414:
1408:
1399:
1392:
1383:
1377:
1368:
1362:
1353:
1347:
1338:
1332:
1323:
1317:
1308:
1302:
1293:
1287:
1278:
1267:
1258:
1252:
1243:
1240:
1231:
1225:
1216:
1210:
1201:
1198:
1189:
1183:
1174:
1171:
1162:
1156:
1147:
1144:
1135:
1129:
1120:
1114:
1105:
1099:
1090:
1087:
1078:
1072:
1063:
1057:
1048:
1042:
1033:
1027:
1018:
1012:
1003:
997:
985:
980:
979:
978:
975:
972:
963:
957:
948:
942:
930:
923:
917:
908:
901:
892:
886:
877:
871:
862:
856:
847:
841:
832:
826:
817:
811:
802:
796:
787:
781:
772:
766:
757:
751:
742:
736:
727:
721:
712:
706:
697:
691:
682:
676:
667:
661:
652:
646:
637:
632:
631:
630:
627:
624:
615:
612:
603:
600:
591:
588:
579:
576:
567:
564:
555:
552:
543:
540:
531:
528:
519:
516:
507:
504:
492:
485:
478:
469:
466:
457:
451:
442:
439:
430:
427:
418:
415:
406:
388:
385:
376:
373:
364:
361:
352:
345:
339:
330:
325:
324:
323:
320:
317:
308:
305:
296:
293:
284:
281:
272:
269:
254:
216:
208:First Navy Jack
189:dressed overall
180:Sankt Peterburg
168:
134:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2192:
2182:
2181:
2176:
2174:Maritime flags
2171:
2166:
2164:Types of flags
2152:
2151:
2146:
2139:
2138:External links
2136:
2135:
2134:
2126:
2123:
2120:
2119:
2094:
2069:
2055:
2010:
1997:"jack-staff".
1989:
1957:
1932:
1931:
1929:
1926:
1923:
1922:
1913:
1888:
1875:
1866:
1853:
1844:
1834:
1833:
1831:
1828:
1827:
1826:
1820:
1815:
1810:
1808:British ensign
1803:
1800:
1799:
1798:
1795:
1788:
1786:
1780:
1773:
1771:
1764:
1757:
1755:
1749:
1742:
1740:
1733:
1726:
1622:United Kingdom
1579:
1576:
1575:
1574:
1569:Naval jack of
1568:
1561:
1559:
1554:Naval jack of
1553:
1546:
1544:
1538:Naval jack of
1537:
1530:
1528:
1523:Naval jack of
1522:
1515:
1513:
1508:Naval jack of
1507:
1500:
1496:
1493:
1489:
1488:
1485:
1478:
1476:
1470:
1463:
1461:
1454:
1447:
1445:
1442:United Kingdom
1439:
1432:
1430:
1425:Naval jack of
1424:
1417:
1415:
1410:Naval jack of
1409:
1402:
1400:
1393:
1386:
1384:
1379:Naval jack of
1378:
1371:
1369:
1364:Naval jack of
1363:
1356:
1354:
1349:Naval jack of
1348:
1341:
1339:
1334:Naval jack of
1333:
1326:
1324:
1319:Naval jack of
1318:
1311:
1309:
1304:Naval jack of
1303:
1296:
1294:
1289:Naval jack of
1288:
1281:
1279:
1268:
1261:
1259:
1253:
1246:
1244:
1241:
1234:
1232:
1227:Naval jack of
1226:
1219:
1217:
1212:Naval jack of
1211:
1204:
1202:
1199:
1192:
1190:
1185:Naval jack of
1184:
1177:
1175:
1172:
1165:
1163:
1158:Naval jack of
1157:
1150:
1148:
1145:
1138:
1136:
1131:Naval jack of
1130:
1123:
1121:
1116:Naval jack of
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2023:
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1998:
1992:
1969:
1960:
1945:
1916:
1891:
1878:
1869:
1856:
1847:
1838:
1818:Naval ensign
1709:
1701:
1674:
1640:merged with
1615:
1602:
1590:
1396:Soviet Union
1366:Saudi Arabia
830:South Africa
398:Tjerk Hiddes
397:
255:
237:coat of arms
226:on its own.
217:
201:
186:
179:
175:Russian Navy
158:
154:Samuel Pepys
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61:
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41:
1823:Vexillology
1693:rattlesnake
1636:. When the
1578:Union jacks
1336:Philippines
1255:Netherlands
1187:North Korea
815:New Zealand
680:the Bahamas
142:Robert Plot
98:Netherlands
2158:Categories
2113:2020-10-08
2088:2016-09-18
2034:2016-01-20
1928:References
1736:Union Jack
1681:union jack
1626:Royal Navy
1618:Union Jack
1160:Kazakhstan
695:Bangladesh
193:Royal Navy
177:submarine
118:house flag
42:Kitty Hawk
1118:Indonesia
1001:Argentina
860:Sri Lanka
845:Singapore
665:Australia
132:Etymology
90:foremasts
86:bowsprits
70:jackstaff
40:USS
2107:Archived
2082:Archived
2043:cite web
2028:Archived
1978:citation
1968:(1686),
1944:"jack".
1802:See also
1695:and the
1662:Bulgaria
1656:and the
1634:Scotland
1603:Sleipner
1510:Bulgaria
1412:Thailand
1381:Slovenia
1321:Paraguay
1291:Pakistan
1061:Cambodia
785:Malaysia
104:and the
96:and the
2007:. 1989.
1954:. 1989.
1666:Estonia
1646:saltire
1630:England
1620:of the
1593:in 1903
1540:Georgia
1525:Estonia
1427:Uruguay
1229:Morocco
1133:Ireland
1103:Ecuador
1031:Bolivia
1016:Bahrain
961:Bahamas
946:Algeria
921:Vietnam
890:Ukraine
800:Myanmar
202:In the
110:US jack
72:at the
1907:, and
1905:Amalfi
1897:Venice
1720:Norway
1716:Sweden
1670:Latvia
1668:, and
1654:Russia
1571:Russia
1556:Latvia
1455:Naval
1351:Poland
1306:Panama
1214:Mexico
1046:Brazil
875:Turkey
740:France
725:Canada
710:Brunei
480:Naval
241:banner
228:France
224:canton
220:ensign
206:, the
122:burgee
78:ensign
1901:Genoa
1830:Notes
1697:motto
770:Japan
755:India
343:China
245:badge
232:Japan
166:Usage
82:stern
64:is a
2049:link
1984:link
1909:Pisa
1734:The
1710:The
1702:The
1632:and
1607:Kiel
1591:Wasa
1076:Cuba
66:flag
62:jack
34:The
26:jack
1624:'s
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88:or
74:bow
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