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that he was "accusing the war... accusing men... accusing universal stupidity." In the final scenes of the film, Gance's accusations, through the mouth of Jean Diaz, seem to be levelled against those who have not cared enough: the civilians who enjoyed another life, profited from the war, or simply forgot what it meant. The soldiers risen from the dead are said to be content to return to their rest once reassured by the living that their sacrifice has not been in vain. Diaz's final accusation is made against the sun for being a mute witness to so much horror.
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667:, while finding it "a trifle uneven", noted that familiar incidents of war stories were "set forth with more conviction, and at the same time with more bitterness, than they have ever been before". He was also deeply impressed by the vision of the awakening of the dead from the battlefield and paid it the final tribute that "a film has caused an audience to think". Gance received a telegram from Pathé's London agent saying, "Your name in England is, at present, more famous than
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583:. While German imperialism was a target of Gance's film, so were ordinary French citizens: "His fiery tirade is directed at those within France who have betrayed the soldiers and their fight for civilization: a terrifying accusation against not only the onscreen audience, but also against Gance's offscreen audience in 1919."
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whether they have been worthy of the men's sacrifices, and they watch in horror as their dead family and friends appear on the threshold. The soldiers return to their rest, and Jean goes back to his mother's house. There, he finds a book of his own poems that he tears up in disgust until one of them, his
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In 1918, Jean is discharged through ill healthm returns to the village and finds his mother dying. Édith reappears from captivity, now with a young half-German daughter Angèle. Her father, Maria Lazare, immediately leaves to avenge the shame to the family name. When François comes home on leave, Jean
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For the film's opening title, a large group of soldiers, filmed from above, is formed up to shape the letters J...A...C...C...U...S...E. In the middle of preparing the shot, a general asked Gance what was happening. Gance stalled until the shot was complete and then explained to the startled general
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film. Work on the film began in 1918, and some scenes were filmed on real battlefields. The film's powerful depiction of wartime suffering, particularly its climactic sequence of the "return of the dead", made it an international success and confirmed Gance as one of the most important directors in
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in 1914 and flock to enlist. Among them is François Laurin, a man of jealous and violent temperament, who is married to Édith, the daughter of an upright veteran soldier Maria Lazare. François suspects, correctly, that Édith is conducting an affair with the poet Jean Diaz, who lives in the village
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was first shown in France in April 1919, it was a great success with the public, whose mood in the aftermath of the war it seemed to capture. Its acclaim continued when it was shown in London in May 1920 at the
Philharmonic Hall with a 40-piece orchestra and a professional choir and without being
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against war, because war is futile. Ten or twenty years afterward, one reflects that millions have died and all for nothing. One has found friends among one's old enemies, and enemies among one's friends." Not all critics however have been convinced of the focus of Gance's argument: "Seemingly
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that he becomes insane. He returns to the village and gathers the inhabitants together to tell them of his vision on the battlefield: from the graves of the dead, soldiers arise and gather in a great cohort that marches through the land back to their homes. Jean challenges the villagers to say
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Pathé initially had no success in selling the film for distribution in the United States, where its references to pacifism were unfavourably regarded, and in 1921, Gance went to
America hoping to launch it himself. He arranged a gala screening in New York to an audience which included
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The sequence of the "return of the dead" at the end of the film was shot in the south of
Franceby using 2000 soldiers who had come back on leave. Gance recalled: "The conditions in which we filmed were profoundly moving.... These men had come straight from the Front – from
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and Édith fear his reaction to the illegitimate child and try to conceal her from him, which merely revives his jealous suspicions of Jean, and the two men fight. When the truth is revealed, François and Jean agree to seek their vengeance in battle and return to the front.
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to finance the film. Filming took place between August 1918 and March 1919. To film the battle scenes, Gance asked to return to the front and was re-enlisted into the
Section Cinématographique, with the result that he found himself in September 1918 filming in the
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A new restoration of the film was produced by
Lobster Films Studios, Paris, working in collaboration with Nederlands Filmmuseum and Flicker Alley. They culled materials from the Lobster Collection, the Czech Film Archive in Prague, the
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with its subtle use of lighting effects and a mobile camera. For the battle scenes in the last section of the film Gance also introduced some of the techniques of rapid editing which he would develop much further in his later films
553:– and they were due back eight days later. They played the dead knowing that in all probability they'd be dead themselves before long." He then claimed that "within a few weeks of their return, eighty per cent had been killed."
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came into existence. It was originally said to be in four episodes (film length 5250 metres), but was then reduced to three episodes (4350 m). It was re-edited into a shorter version entitled
729:, released in 1921 and intended for American audiences, with a less universal anti-war slant, a more anti-German stance, and a happy ending. The surviving prints show many other variations.
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518:, but he was later discharged because of ill health, a piece of good fortune to which he later said he owed his life. He had already formulated the idea for
904:
Cuff, Paul (2016). "The rewakening of French cinema': expression and innovation in Abel Gance's J'accuse! (1919)". In Brill, Olaf; Rhodes, Gary D. (eds.).
798:; Christian-Marc Bosséno & Yannick Dehée. (Paris: Nouveau Monde Éditions, 2004) p. 382; "incomparable anti-war film", in Susan Sontag,
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The cost of making the film was 525,000 francs, a considerable sum for the time. By 1923, it was reported to have earned 3,500,000 frans.
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In a great battle, in which a mythical figure of Le
Gaulois leads on the French forces, François is wounded and dies in the
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mixes pacifism with nationalism by pointing to Gance's inspirations, which included not only Henri
Barbusse but also
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to make the best possible and most complete edition of the original film (3525 m). This was issued on DVD in 2008.
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522:. Influenced by the constant news of the deaths of friends at the front, and also by the recently-published book
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awarded the film three-and-a-half out of a possible four stars and called the film " vividly filmed classic".
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Martin
Hurcombe. "Raising the dead: visual representations of the combatant's body in interwar France." In:
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the film has an approval rating of 100% based on 5 reviews, with an average rating of 7.4/10.
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928:"...as inventive and as impressive as anything produced up to that time:" Kevin Brownlow.
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ends up celebrating the dead's sacrifice as a form of patriotism," Others have noted that
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J'accuse' was a pacifist film, Gance replied: "I'm not interested in politics.... But I
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Gance frequently revised and re-edited his films, and several different versions of
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The technical quality of the film was impressive, especially the cinematography of
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critical of a patriotism that blindly ignores the death it causes,
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with his mother. François sends Édith to stay with his parents in
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Gill, David; Brownlow, Kevin (Producers / Directors) (1996).
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Brownlow. Essay in booklet accompanying DVD edition of
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Brownlow. Essay in booklet accompanying DVD edition of
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932:. (London: Columbus Books, 1989; first publ. 1968) p. 534.
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Classic Movie Guide: From the Silent Era Through 1965
1048:. (London: British Film Institute, 1984) pp. 237–38.
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51:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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1024:"J'Accuse! (I Accuse) (1919) – Rotten Tomatoes"
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986:(London), Tuesday 25 May 1920, p. 8, col. B.
958:. (Princeton University Press, 1984) p. 296.
891:. (Princeton University Press, 1984) p. 302.
604:. Gance's assistant director was the writer
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769:List of incomplete or partially lost films
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1002:. Penguin Publishing Group. p. 342.
796:Dictionnaire du cinéma populaire français
111:Learn how and when to remove this message
1126:, Inc. Event occurs at 54:30 in Ep. 1:
794:e.g. "poignant mélodrame pacifiste", in
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956:French Cinema: the First Wave 1915–1929
889:French Cinema: the First Wave 1915–1929
744:In 1938, Gance made another version of
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510:Abel Gance had been drafted into the
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853:Booklet accompanying DVD edition of
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514:'s Section Cinématographique during
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1108:Journal of War and Cultural Studies
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1119:Cinema Europe: The Other Hollywood
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974:by Flicker Alley, 2008. p. 10.
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313:166 minutes (2008 restoration)
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1503:Films directed by Abel Gance
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996:Leonard Maltin (2015).
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873:The Parade's Gone By...
842:The Parade's Gone By...
829:The Parade's Gone By...
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270:25 April 1919
16:1919 French silent film
1528:Silent war drama films
1493:French war drama films
1357:Beethoven's Great Love
1253:The Torture of Silence
943:Dictionnaire des films
764:List of anti-war films
735:Cinémathèque Française
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539:Battle of Saint-Mihiel
488:, the wife of François
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1518:1910s war drama films
1429:Cyrano and d'Artagnan
1124:Photoplay Productions
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281:24 May 1920
45:improve this article
1110:, v.1(2) March 2008
1277:The Tenth Symphony
1205:The Mask of Horror
1128:Where It All Began
1112:. pp. 159–74.
1101:TCM Movie Database
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678:U.S. advertisement
663:. The reviewer in
634:. You can help by
589:LĂ©once-Henri Burel
543:United States Army
501:, Lazare's servant
478:, Édith's daughter
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333:French intertitles
198:LĂ©once-Henri Burel
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1269:The Zone of Death
1245:Le droit Ă la vie
1026:. Rotten Tomatoes
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217:Andrée Danis
180:SĂ©verin-Mars
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101:October 2017
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43:Please help
38:verification
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1301:Au Secours!
1261:Barberousse
1182:Filmography
516:World War I
512:French Army
493:Mother Diaz
491:Mancini as
365:World War I
357:silent film
194:Marc Bujard
161:Produced by
143:Directed by
1468:1919 films
1462:Categories
1447:Polyvision
1421:Austerlitz
1173:Abel Gance
1046:Abel Gance
782:References
775:J'Accuse…!
737:, and the
577:Émile Zola
506:Production
361:Abel Gance
296:1921-10-09
285:1920-05-24
274:1919-04-25
221:Abel Gance
156:Abel Gance
153:Written by
147:Abel Gance
71:newspapers
1373:J'accuse!
1133:5 October
1030:5 October
984:The Times
665:The Times
615:Reception
455:Jean Diaz
326:Languages
300: (US)
289: (UK)
210:Edited by
1309:Napoléon
1285:J'accuse
1197:La Digue
1068:AllMovie
972:J'accuse
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758:See also
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727:I Accuse
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717:Versions
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601:Napoléon
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376:Europe.
373:anti-war
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352:J'accuse
248:(France)
229:Music by
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1293:La Roue
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344:525,000
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330:Silent
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380:Plot
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