1286:
more clearly elucidated. Particular attention was paid to the colophons of Symeon
Plindzahanketsi: these writings by a monk of Akhtaia from the first half of 13th century revealed the worldview of the Armenian-Chalcedonians. For the first time a portrait was drawn of Ivane Mkhargrdzeli, the patron of the paintings, whose own historical destiny did much to determine the distinctive features of the frescoes. Finally, the juxtaposition of direct and indirect evidence proved that the paintings were executed between 1205 and 1216. This precise dating provides a firm point of departure for the study of other artistic phenomena of the period. (...) p.116 These findings confirm the importance of the Akhtaia murafs for the history of Byzantine, Armenian and Georgian art. Taken as a whole, the murals cannot be attributed to any single artistic tradition. They can only be correctly understood as a monument of Armenian-Chalcedonian art that achieved an original blend of elements drawn from Armenian, Georgian and Byzantine culture.
1486:
direction. These nomads pillaged and looted from
Darband south to Gandzak in Azerbaijan. Atabeg Ivane mustered troops and went against them, but he was defeated, having underestimated their strength. What was worse, many nakharars were captured, then killed or ransomed for huge sums of money. The Kipchaks continued looting and raiding different parts of the Caucasus until 1223, when Ivane, in alliance with other Caucasian peoples, finally defeated them, killing or selling them into slavery. The Kipchak raids, though less serious than the invasions that preceded and succeeded them, nonetheless contributed to the continued unsettled state of affairs initiated by the Mongols, depleted the Armeno-Georgian military of some capable leaders, and undoubtedly weakened the army's morale.
540:
607:
549:
379:
776:
1775:
44:
1124:
family name in
Georgian is Mkhargrdzeli "Longomani". The brothers took Ani in 1199 or 1201 and the queen bestowed it on them as fief. Under the rule of the Zak'arids (the dynastic name of the Mkhargrdzelis), which survived for a while even after the Mongol conquest in 1239, the city experienced a renaissance and became again an important centre of international trade.
979:
1353:
Outre ces figurations, à partir du début du XIIIe siècle, une autre représentation humaine apparaît, soit sous la croix, soit sur le piédestal du khatchkar: l'image du donateur, ou plus exactement du défunt à la mémoire duquel le khatchkar a été érigé. Ce personnage est représenté en tenue d'apparat,
518:
The honour which you have done is very great indeed. But I am not worthy to be called by my brother's name and do not wish to be ashamed of taking his place, so grant me the title of atabek, for in
Georgia you, kings, do not yet have such a title. By so doing you will augment your favour to me, for
459:
in 1203 and leading raids into northern Iran in 1210 and suppression of rebellions of mountaineers in 1212. They amassed a great fortune, governing all of northern
Armenia; Zakare and his descendants ruled in northwestern Armenia with Ani as their capital, while Ivane and his offspring ruled eastern
1285:
p.114: In the first chapter historical evidence, epigraphic monuments and colophons were used to reconstruct the history of
Akhtaia, a monastery transferred from the Monophysites to the Chalcedonians at the turn of the 13th century. In so doing the cultural environment in which the murals arose was
1485:
The second invasion of the
Caucasus took place immediately after the Mongol departure in 1222, and was caused by it. This time the participants were nomadic Kipchak Turks from the plains to the north. In their turn defeated by the Mongols, one sizable body of Kipchaks fled from them in a southward
1123:
David II laid the foundation for the power of the
Georgian pan-Transcaucasian monarchy (in Peter Golden's term) that reached its zenith under queen T'amar (1184–1211/2). The queen's victories were chiefly due to the military successes of the Christianised Kurdish generals Zak'are and Ivane, whose
374:
faith of the
Georgians. The younger brother, Ivane eventually converted, allowing the two brothers to adroitely bridge the religious spectrum in Georgia, Ivane commanding Georgian troops while Zakare commanded Armenian ones. Conflicts regarding devotional practices still erupted between the two
977:
At
Harichavank the clothes have been updated to reflect contemporary fashion, with its sharbushes (the high, peaked hats) and bright kaftans, as can be seen when comparing the image with those in contemporary manuscripts, such as the Haghbat Gospels (Matenadaran 6288) of 1211
662:(Commander-in-chief), their army only half the size of the Mongol one. The Georgians and Armenians were defeated, but the Mongol retreated with heavy losses. The Mongols came back the following year, but were blocked on the road to
1253:
Another of Ivane's subordinates was Vasak Khaghbakian, originally from the Khachen area, who had helped in the reconquest of Vayots Dzor, Bjni, and Dvin. This family came to be known as Proshian after Vasak's energetic son Prosh
1387:
Some khatchk'ars have sacred images on the top frame or beside the cross, and a donor image, such as that at the base of Grigor Khaghbakian's khatchk'ar (1233) on the grounds of Ēdjmiadzin Cathedral, where it was brought from
519:
you will bestow a new high honour on le, award me the title of Atabek, as is the custom with the sultans for, according to the law of the sultans, the atabek is the father and tutor of kings and sultans, and is called atabek.
575:
faith of the Georgians. Ivane eventually converted around 1200, allowing the two brothers to adroitely bridge the religious spectrum in Georgia, Ivane commanding Georgian troops while Zakare commanded Armenian ones.
833:
called the area Pghndzahank (copper mine), because of rich copper deposits in the surroundings. Gandzaketsi writes the following of the year 1227: "Ivane, Zakare's brother, also died and was buried at
332:
The brothers, Zakare and Ivane Zakarian, who were sons of Sargis, were the most successful representatives of the family, who were military commanders under Queen Tamar. Zakare and Ivane took
838:
near the church which he himself had built, taking it from the Armenians and making it into a Georgian monastery", referring to the fact that Ivane had converted to the Georgian
375:
armies, hampering coordinated operations, as in a military campaign 1204. A synod had to be convened at the highest level, and the Armenians agreed to harmonize some practices.
1354:
armé et à cheval, rappelant le schéma iconographique sassanide de la chasse royale ou princière que l'architecture arménienne pratiquait depuis la période paléochrétienne.
1978:
391:
359:. Eventually, their territories came to resemble those of Bagratid Armenia. Their achievements under Queen Tamar also facilitated the first large-scale migration of
423:
1888:
1080:
1367:
205:
2208:
2198:
2150:
2146:
2155:
2137:
463:
Both brothers left several bilingual inscriptions across the Armeno-Georgian border lands and built several churches and forts, such as the
1716:
1722:
1868:
1679:
583:, commissioned by Ivane in 1205–1216, are an example of Armenian-Chalcedonian art, blending Byzantine, Armenian and Georgian styles.
289:
2193:
1990:
1475:
1233:
1593:
1566:
1536:
1509:
1116:
934:
880:
670:. A third encounter the same year virtually annihilated the Georgian army, and the Mongols continued north to confront the
2016:
1366:
Manuelian, Lucy Der; Zarian, Armen; Nersessian, Vrej; Stepanyan, Nonna S.; Eiland, Murray L.; Kouymjian, Dickran (2003).
1246:
751:
In 1225, Ivane, leading Georgian troops, was defeated against the Khwarizmian troops of Jalal al-Din Mangburni, at the
567:
Ivane and his brother Zakare encountered animosity in some quarters because of their religious affiliation to Armenian
17:
970:
899:
861:
438:
on following terms: Georgia had to return the captured fortresses and captives, Georgians paid a ransom of 100,000
717:
Ivane Zakarian, who were again defeated. Although the Georgians ultimately prevailed in 1223, the Zakarian Prince
366:
Still, Ivane and Zakare encountered animosity in some quarters because of their religious affiliation to Armenian
2203:
1995:
1973:
1168:
514:, which gave him the highest position in government. According to a contemporary Armenian historian, he said:
1672:
1129:
229:
1636:
1610:
1451:
1432:
1416:
1393:
1152:
539:
451:
The brothers commanded the Armenian-Georgian armies for almost three decades, achieving major victories at
764:
631:
606:
471:
in northern Armenia. The family went in decline with the establishment of Mongol power in the Caucasus.
825:, where he was followed by his son Avag and other members of his family. The 13th-century historians
683:
591:
1963:
1665:
487:
430:
threatened to raze the city and put its population to the sword. Ivane was released only after the
276:
1833:
643:
1943:
1585:
Tamta's World: The Life and Encounters of a Medieval Noblewoman from the Middle East to Mongolia
1382:
955:
Tamta's World: The Life and Encounters of a Medieval Noblewoman from the Middle East to Mongolia
2114:
1983:
1800:
1759:
729:
679:
548:
435:
1556:
1526:
1499:
1913:
1848:
1843:
1795:
1704:
1583:
1461:
1445:
1426:
1410:
1178:
1162:
1146:
1106:
924:
464:
378:
233:
1108:
The Dragon in Medieval East Christian and Islamic Art: With a Foreword by Robert Hillenbrand
355:. Around the year 1199, they took the city of Ani, and in 1201, Tamar gave Ani to them as a
1853:
1815:
1742:
779:
647:
595:
8:
2058:
1810:
1805:
1710:
826:
733:
623:
587:
352:
333:
2027:
1838:
1747:
1345:
Donabédian, Patrick. "Le khatchkar, un art emblématique de la spécificité arménienne".
1087:
815:
811:
756:
737:
718:
691:
639:
611:
445:
427:
383:
321:
317:
186:
2164:
2110:
1968:
1958:
1903:
1589:
1562:
1532:
1505:
1242:
1112:
1091:
966:
930:
895:
876:
857:
835:
822:
580:
558:
475:
468:
452:
294:
265:
257:
225:
221:
109:
74:
2159:
2132:
2119:
2092:
1953:
1923:
1878:
1753:
1728:
1688:
1378:
1346:
1328:"The Žamatun of Hoṙomos and the Žamatun/Gawit' Structures in Armenien Architecture"
1305:
1276:
1007:
958:
854:
History of the Caucasus. Volume 2: In the shadow of great powers / Christoph Baumer
830:
710:
687:
598:
together with his brother Zakare, which he selected as the family's burial ground.
491:
456:
305:
237:
97:
1026:
2128:
2011:
1863:
752:
395:
356:
313:
309:
241:
200:
2101:
2044:
1883:
1858:
1820:
1764:
1657:
411:
360:
1058:
2187:
2033:
1908:
941:
Zakare and Ivane Mqargrdzeli on the east facade at Harichavank, Armenia, 1201
801:
722:
337:
190:
151:
1332:
Hoṙomos Monastery: Art and History, Edited by Edda Vardanyan, Paris: ACHCByz
2168:
2105:
2022:
1948:
1918:
1736:
839:
806:
695:
658:
572:
561:, in Armenian-Chalcedonian style, were commissionned by Ivane in 1205-1216.
504:
371:
2141:
1474:
Bedrosian, Robert (1997). "Armenia during the Seljuk and Mongol Periods".
1309:
1280:
1232:
Bedrosian, Robert (2004). "Armenia during the Seljuk and Mongol Periods".
1081:"Ethnic mobilization in post-Soviet Georgia: the case of the Yezidi-Kurds"
1011:
962:
763:, which exposed the south of the country to subsequent looting during the
2123:
2096:
775:
568:
479:
399:
367:
49:
1774:
1299:
1270:
1001:
2072:
340:
43:
2038:
1348:
L'Église arménienne entre Grecs et Latins fin XIe – milieu XVe siècle
615:
590:
in 1196–99, the Church of the Mother of God (Surb-Astuacacin) in the
502:
When his brother Zakare died in 1213, Ivane was offered the title of
431:
415:
285:
1327:
1893:
706:
671:
663:
618:(1233). He fought against the Kipchacks under the command of Ivane.
508:, but he declined. Instead, he asked for and obtained the title of
403:
54:
1365:
406:
and which had been absorbed by the Ayyubids in 1207. The ruler of
1898:
1873:
760:
699:
675:
627:
419:
1640:
1614:
709:, fleeing from Mongol devastation, came to the Armenian city of
667:
652:
510:
300:
116:
60:
1028:
The Prosopography of High Medieval Georgia: A Digital Approach
736:
was ruled by the aging Ivane, who had given Ani to his nephew
666:
by an army of 70,000. The Mongols again won, but retreated to
52:, Armenia, 1201. He wears the contemporary costume, with tall
2078:
1040:
1038:
439:
407:
638:(30,000 men), and was actually on a search for the fugitive
347:, Amberd and Bargushat, and all the towns above the city of
1184:
741:
483:
344:
1035:
800:
until his death in 1227, when he was suceeeded by his son
1208:
745:
478:("Vasak the Great"), who had helped in the reconquest of
348:
308:
during the early 13th centuries. He was a prince of the
1477:
The Armenian People from Ancient to Modern Times, Vol.1
957:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 52–53, Fig.17.
1437:
1435:
1402:
1400:
1398:
1396:
1196:
1138:
1136:
1134:
1132:
686:. Before dying, George IV made an alliance with the
1241:(1st pbk. ed.). New York: St. Martin's Press.
755:. This defeat led to royal court of Georgian Queen
1483:. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 241–271.
426:, Ivane was captured, whereupon Ivane's brother,
2185:
1687:
1637:"Kirakos Ganjakets'i's History of the Armenians"
1235:The Armenian people from ancient to modern times
601:
626:reports the first 1220 Mongol incursions under
646:. The Zakarids served under the Georgian king
269:
1673:
1024:
1611:"Vardan Areweltsi's Compilation of History"
1555:May, Timothy; Hope, Michael (25 May 2022).
1524:
1504:. Cambridge University Press. p. 324.
713:, where they encountered the troops of the
320:. He was also ruler of feudal lands in the
316:, and the younger brother and successor of
2209:13th-century people from Georgia (country)
2199:12th-century people from Georgia (country)
1680:
1666:
1588:. Cambridge University Press. p. 79.
1525:Mikaberidze, Alexander (6 February 2015).
929:. Cambridge University Press. p. 51.
721:was captured and tortured to death by the
42:
1531:. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 310.
1473:
1383:10.1093/gao/9781884446054.article.T004089
1325:
1231:
634:. This first wave was only composed of 3
529:
474:One of the vassals of Ivane Zakarian was
2054:Histories and Eulogies of the Sovereigns
1581:
1497:
1321:
1319:
1214:
1190:
1078:
1044:
952:
922:
889:
870:
774:
605:
377:
290:Court official of the Kingdom of Georgia
1554:
1059:"The City of Ani: A Very Brief History"
995:
993:
991:
989:
14:
2186:
1991:Eldiguzid campaign of Tamar of Georgia
1457:
1441:
1422:
1406:
1344:
1264:
1262:
1202:
1174:
1158:
1142:
851:
650:to repulse them, with Ivane acting as
2063:The Life of Monarch of Monarchs Tamar
1661:
1634:
1608:
1561:. Taylor & Francis. p. 279.
1550:
1548:
1316:
1297:
1268:
1227:
1225:
1223:
1104:
999:
873:Edge of Empires, a History of Georgia
460:Armenia, including the city of Dvin.
398:, attacking the former beylik of the
986:
894:. New York: Taylor’s Foreign Press.
814:, who had inherited from his father
740:, son of Zakare. Dvin was lost, but
622:The 13th century Armenian historian
1359:
1259:
1050:
24:
1773:
1582:Eastmond, Antony (20 April 2017).
1545:
1498:Eastmond, Antony (20 April 2017).
1338:
1326:Vardanyan, Edda (1 January 2015).
1220:
923:Eastmond, Antony (20 April 2017).
486:, and Dvin, and was the father of
25:
2220:
1072:
732:invaded the region in 1226–1230,
2017:The Knight in the Panther's Skin
1528:Historical Dictionary of Georgia
856:. London New York: I.B. Tauris.
547:
538:
1628:
1602:
1575:
1518:
1491:
1467:
1291:
1056:
1996:Rebellion in Pkhovi and Didoya
1974:Foundation of Trebizond Empire
1351:. pp. 8–9, 15 Figure 10.
1301:The mural paintings of Akhtala
1272:The mural paintings of Akhtala
1098:
1018:
1003:The mural paintings of Akhtala
946:
916:
281:
13:
1:
2194:Nobility of Georgia (country)
909:
786:
602:Mongol and Kipchack invasions
304:(Governor General) for Queen
1105:Kuehn, Sara (12 July 2011).
1025:Baillie MRes, James (2023).
892:Studies in Caucasian History
759:(1223–1245) moving north to
728:When the Khwarazmians under
497:
402:whose realm extended around
327:
48:Ivane on the east facade at
27:Armenian general (died 1227)
7:
890:Minorsky, Vladimir (1953).
765:Mongol invasions of Georgia
632:Mongol invasions of Georgia
10:
2225:
1298:Lidov, Aleksej M. (1991).
1269:Lidov, Aleksej M. (1991).
1000:Lidov, Aleksej M. (1991).
875:. London: Reaktion Books.
852:Baumer, Christoph (2024).
845:
785:built by Ivane I Zakarian
444:and hand Ivane's daughter
422:. While the Georgian army
2088:
2071:
2004:
1949:Qurtlu-Arslan's rebellion
1936:
1829:
1791:
1784:
1771:
1696:
953:Eastmond, Antony (2017).
871:Rayfield, Donald (2012).
690:, by marrying his sister
684:Battle of the Kalka River
270:
261:
247:
217:
212:
196:
182:
174:
166:
161:
157:
145:
133:
122:
115:
103:
91:
80:
73:
69:
41:
32:
2106:Kakhaber II Kakhaberidze
1079:Szakonyi, David (2007).
770:
579:The beautiful murals of
382:Low-relief depiction of
343:. They also took Sevan,
1834:Zakaria II Mkhargrdzeli
810:was held by his nephew
656:(Governor General) and
644:Muhammad II of Khwarazm
586:Ivane also founded the
292:holding the offices of
2115:Otagho II Shervashidze
1778:
1368:"Armenia, Republic of"
793:
730:Jalal al-Din Mangburni
619:
530:Monastic contributions
527:
387:
351:, up to the bridge of
2204:House of Mkhargrdzeli
1979:Ayyubid–Georgian wars
1964:Liberation of Shirvan
1914:Marushian Vardanisdze
1849:Shalva of Akhaltsikhe
1844:Zakaria of Panaskerti
1777:
1310:10.11588/diglit.27365
1281:10.11588/diglit.27365
1111:. BRILL. p. 28.
1012:10.11588/diglit.27365
963:10.1017/9781316711774
778:
698:, son of the emir of
609:
516:
490:, the founder of the
465:Harichavank Monastery
418:and nephew of Sultan
381:
1854:Ivane of Akhaltsikhe
1816:Anton Gnolistavisdze
821:Ivane was buried in
780:Haghartsin Monastery
648:George IV of Georgia
596:Haghartsin Monastery
282:ivane I mkhargrdzeli
2059:Basil Ezosmodzgvari
1984:Thirty Years' Truce
1889:Guzan Abulasanisdze
1635:Bedrosian, Robert.
1609:Bedrosian, Robert.
1193:, pp. 114–115.
1047:, pp. 102–103.
827:Kirakos Gandzaketsi
748:did not surrender.
680:Rus' Principalities
624:Kirakos Gandzaketsi
588:Tejharuyk Monastery
524:Discourse of Ivane.
436:Thirty Years' Truce
390:In 1210, Ivane had
2028:Amiran-Darejaniani
1839:Ivane Mkhargrdzeli
1779:
1304:. pp. 19–20.
1275:. pp. 14–16.
1031:. Wien University.
812:Shahnshah Zakarian
804:. The function of
794:
719:Grigor Khaghbakian
620:
612:Grigor Khaghbakian
592:Monastery of Haṙič
571:, rather than the
388:
370:, rather than the
353:Khodaafarin bridge
322:Kingdom of Georgia
318:Zakare II Zakarian
271:ივანე I მხარგრძელი
206:Saakdukht Artsruni
187:Tamta Mkhargrdzeli
18:Ivane Mkhargrdzeli
2181:
2180:
2177:
2176:
2151:Bakur Dzaganisdze
2111:Duchy of Abkhazia
2097:Baram Vardanisdze
2082:
1969:Battle of Basiani
1959:Battle of Shamkor
1932:
1931:
1904:Zankan Zorababeli
1733:
1595:978-1-316-73917-4
1568:978-1-351-67631-1
1538:978-1-4422-4146-6
1511:978-1-107-16756-8
1375:Oxford Art Online
1217:, pp. 90–93.
1118:978-90-04-18663-7
936:978-1-107-16756-8
882:978-1-78023-070-2
823:Akhtala Monastery
614:on horse, in his
581:Akhtala Monastery
559:Akhtala Monastery
488:Prosh Khaghbakian
476:Vasak Khaghbakian
469:Akhtala Monastery
363:to the Caucasus.
336:in 1193 from the
298:(Majordomo) and
295:Msakhurtukhutsesi
251:
250:
226:Battle of Basiani
222:Battle of Shamkor
110:Vache I Vachutian
75:Msakhurtukhutsesi
16:(Redirected from
2216:
2160:Asat Grigolisdze
2147:Duchy of Kakheti
2133:Vardan I Dadiani
2120:Duchy of Argveti
2093:Duchy of Svaneti
2086:
2085:
2076:
1954:Civil war (1191)
1924:Khuashak Tsokali
1879:Gamrekeli Toreli
1789:
1788:
1731:
1729:Yury Bogolyubsky
1682:
1675:
1668:
1659:
1658:
1652:
1651:
1649:
1648:
1639:. Archived from
1632:
1626:
1625:
1623:
1622:
1613:. Archived from
1606:
1600:
1599:
1579:
1573:
1572:
1558:The Mongol World
1552:
1543:
1542:
1522:
1516:
1515:
1495:
1489:
1488:
1482:
1471:
1465:
1455:
1449:
1439:
1430:
1420:
1414:
1404:
1391:
1390:
1372:
1363:
1357:
1356:
1342:
1336:
1335:
1323:
1314:
1313:
1295:
1289:
1288:
1266:
1257:
1256:
1240:
1229:
1218:
1212:
1206:
1200:
1194:
1188:
1182:
1172:
1166:
1156:
1150:
1140:
1127:
1126:
1102:
1096:
1095:
1085:
1076:
1070:
1069:
1067:
1066:
1054:
1048:
1042:
1033:
1032:
1022:
1016:
1015:
997:
984:
983:
950:
944:
943:
920:
905:
886:
867:
831:Vardan Areveltsi
791:
788:
688:Sultanate of Rum
594:, and renovated
551:
542:
525:
492:Proshyan dynasty
414:, son of Sultan
306:Tamar of Georgia
283:
280:
273:
272:
263:
262:Իվանե Ա Զաքարյան
254:Ivane I Zakarian
238:Battle of Khunan
213:Military service
162:Personal details
148:
136:
127:
106:
98:Vardan I Dadiani
94:
85:
46:
36:Իվանե Ա Զաքարյան
34:Ivane I Zakarian
30:
29:
21:
2224:
2223:
2219:
2218:
2217:
2215:
2214:
2213:
2184:
2183:
2182:
2173:
2156:Duchy of Hereti
2138:Duchy of Kartli
2129:Duchy of Odishi
2075:
2067:
2012:Shota Rustaveli
2000:
1928:
1864:Sargis Tmogveli
1825:
1780:
1769:
1692:
1686:
1656:
1655:
1646:
1644:
1633:
1629:
1620:
1618:
1607:
1603:
1596:
1580:
1576:
1569:
1553:
1546:
1539:
1523:
1519:
1512:
1496:
1492:
1480:
1472:
1468:
1456:
1452:
1440:
1433:
1421:
1417:
1405:
1394:
1370:
1364:
1360:
1343:
1339:
1324:
1317:
1296:
1292:
1267:
1260:
1249:
1238:
1230:
1221:
1213:
1209:
1201:
1197:
1189:
1185:
1173:
1169:
1157:
1153:
1141:
1130:
1119:
1103:
1099:
1083:
1077:
1073:
1064:
1062:
1055:
1051:
1043:
1036:
1023:
1019:
998:
987:
973:
951:
947:
937:
921:
917:
912:
902:
883:
864:
848:
796:Ivane remained
789:
773:
753:Battle of Garni
610:Zakarid Prince
604:
565:
564:
563:
562:
554:
553:
552:
544:
543:
532:
526:
523:
500:
396:Ayyubid dynasty
330:
314:Sargis Zakarian
310:Zakarid dynasty
275:
242:Battle of Garni
240:
236:
232:
228:
224:
204:
201:Sargis Zakarian
189:
146:
140:None (Creation)
134:
128:
123:
104:
92:
86:
81:
65:
37:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2222:
2212:
2211:
2206:
2201:
2196:
2179:
2178:
2175:
2174:
2172:
2171:
2162:
2153:
2144:
2135:
2126:
2117:
2108:
2102:Duchy of Racha
2099:
2089:
2083:
2069:
2068:
2066:
2065:
2056:
2051:
2045:Ioane Shavteli
2042:
2031:
2020:
2008:
2006:
2002:
2001:
1999:
1998:
1993:
1988:
1987:
1986:
1976:
1971:
1966:
1961:
1956:
1951:
1946:
1944:Rise of Orbeli
1940:
1938:
1937:Notable events
1934:
1933:
1930:
1929:
1927:
1926:
1921:
1916:
1911:
1906:
1901:
1896:
1891:
1886:
1884:Ivane I Jaqeli
1881:
1876:
1871:
1866:
1861:
1859:Zakaria Gageli
1856:
1851:
1846:
1841:
1836:
1830:
1827:
1826:
1824:
1823:
1821:Anton Kutateli
1818:
1813:
1808:
1803:
1798:
1792:
1786:
1782:
1781:
1772:
1770:
1768:
1767:
1765:David Komnenos
1762:
1756:
1750:
1745:
1739:
1734:
1725:
1719:
1713:
1707:
1700:
1698:
1694:
1693:
1685:
1684:
1677:
1670:
1662:
1654:
1653:
1627:
1601:
1594:
1574:
1567:
1544:
1537:
1517:
1510:
1490:
1466:
1450:
1431:
1415:
1392:
1358:
1337:
1315:
1290:
1258:
1248:978-1403964212
1247:
1219:
1207:
1195:
1183:
1167:
1151:
1128:
1117:
1097:
1071:
1049:
1034:
1017:
1006:. p. 19.
985:
971:
945:
935:
914:
913:
911:
908:
907:
906:
900:
887:
881:
868:
862:
847:
844:
772:
769:
630:, part of the
603:
600:
557:The murals of
556:
555:
546:
545:
537:
536:
535:
534:
533:
531:
528:
521:
499:
496:
434:agreed to the
424:besieged Ahlat
412:Al-Awhad Ayyub
361:Kurdish tribes
329:
326:
288:prince, and a
249:
248:
245:
244:
234:Siege of Ganja
219:
215:
214:
210:
209:
198:
194:
193:
184:
180:
179:
176:
172:
171:
168:
164:
163:
159:
158:
155:
154:
149:
143:
142:
137:
131:
130:
120:
119:
113:
112:
107:
101:
100:
95:
89:
88:
78:
77:
71:
70:
67:
66:
58:hat and heavy
47:
39:
38:
33:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2221:
2210:
2207:
2205:
2202:
2200:
2197:
2195:
2192:
2191:
2189:
2170:
2166:
2163:
2161:
2157:
2154:
2152:
2148:
2145:
2143:
2142:Rati Surameli
2139:
2136:
2134:
2130:
2127:
2125:
2121:
2118:
2116:
2112:
2109:
2107:
2103:
2100:
2098:
2094:
2091:
2090:
2087:
2084:
2080:
2074:
2070:
2064:
2060:
2057:
2055:
2052:
2050:
2046:
2043:
2041:
2040:
2035:
2034:Chakhrukhadze
2032:
2030:
2029:
2024:
2021:
2019:
2018:
2013:
2010:
2009:
2007:
2003:
1997:
1994:
1992:
1989:
1985:
1982:
1981:
1980:
1977:
1975:
1972:
1970:
1967:
1965:
1962:
1960:
1957:
1955:
1952:
1950:
1947:
1945:
1942:
1941:
1939:
1935:
1925:
1922:
1920:
1917:
1915:
1912:
1910:
1909:Kravay Jaqeli
1907:
1905:
1902:
1900:
1897:
1895:
1892:
1890:
1887:
1885:
1882:
1880:
1877:
1875:
1872:
1870:
1867:
1865:
1862:
1860:
1857:
1855:
1852:
1850:
1847:
1845:
1842:
1840:
1837:
1835:
1832:
1831:
1828:
1822:
1819:
1817:
1814:
1812:
1809:
1807:
1804:
1802:
1799:
1797:
1794:
1793:
1790:
1787:
1783:
1776:
1766:
1763:
1761:
1757:
1755:
1751:
1749:
1746:
1744:
1740:
1738:
1735:
1730:
1726:
1724:
1720:
1718:
1714:
1712:
1708:
1706:
1702:
1701:
1699:
1695:
1690:
1683:
1678:
1676:
1671:
1669:
1664:
1663:
1660:
1643:on 2007-07-16
1642:
1638:
1631:
1617:on 2007-07-15
1616:
1612:
1605:
1597:
1591:
1587:
1586:
1578:
1570:
1564:
1560:
1559:
1551:
1549:
1540:
1534:
1530:
1529:
1521:
1513:
1507:
1503:
1502:
1501:Tamta's World
1494:
1487:
1479:
1478:
1470:
1463:
1459:
1454:
1447:
1443:
1438:
1436:
1428:
1424:
1419:
1412:
1408:
1403:
1401:
1399:
1397:
1389:
1384:
1380:
1376:
1369:
1362:
1355:
1350:
1349:
1341:
1333:
1329:
1322:
1320:
1311:
1307:
1303:
1302:
1294:
1287:
1282:
1278:
1274:
1273:
1265:
1263:
1255:
1250:
1244:
1237:
1236:
1228:
1226:
1224:
1216:
1215:Minorsky 1953
1211:
1205:, p. 30.
1204:
1199:
1192:
1191:Rayfield 2012
1187:
1180:
1176:
1171:
1164:
1160:
1155:
1148:
1144:
1139:
1137:
1135:
1133:
1125:
1120:
1114:
1110:
1109:
1101:
1093:
1089:
1082:
1075:
1060:
1057:Sim, Steven.
1053:
1046:
1045:Minorsky 1953
1041:
1039:
1030:
1029:
1021:
1013:
1009:
1005:
1004:
996:
994:
992:
990:
982:
980:
974:
972:9781316711774
968:
964:
960:
956:
949:
942:
938:
932:
928:
927:
926:Tamta's World
919:
915:
903:
901:0-521-05735-3
897:
893:
888:
884:
878:
874:
869:
865:
863:9780755636303
859:
855:
850:
849:
843:
841:
837:
832:
828:
824:
819:
817:
813:
809:
808:
803:
802:Avag Zakarian
799:
784:
781:
777:
768:
766:
762:
758:
754:
749:
747:
743:
739:
735:
731:
726:
724:
723:Kipchak Turks
720:
716:
712:
708:
705:In 1222, the
703:
701:
697:
693:
689:
685:
681:
677:
673:
669:
665:
661:
660:
655:
654:
649:
645:
641:
637:
633:
629:
625:
617:
613:
608:
599:
597:
593:
589:
584:
582:
577:
574:
570:
560:
550:
541:
520:
515:
513:
512:
507:
506:
495:
493:
489:
485:
481:
477:
472:
470:
466:
461:
458:
454:
449:
448:to al-Awhad.
447:
443:
442:
437:
433:
429:
425:
421:
417:
413:
409:
405:
401:
397:
394:the powerful
393:
385:
380:
376:
373:
369:
364:
362:
358:
354:
350:
346:
342:
339:
335:
325:
323:
319:
315:
312:, the son of
311:
307:
303:
302:
297:
296:
291:
287:
278:
267:
259:
255:
246:
243:
239:
235:
231:
230:Siege of Kars
227:
223:
220:
216:
211:
207:
202:
199:
195:
192:
191:Avag Zakarian
188:
185:
181:
177:
173:
169:
165:
160:
156:
153:
152:Avag Zakarian
150:
144:
141:
138:
132:
126:
121:
118:
114:
111:
108:
102:
99:
96:
90:
84:
79:
76:
72:
68:
63:
62:
57:
56:
51:
45:
40:
31:
19:
2169:Botso Jaqeli
2062:
2053:
2049:Abdulmesiani
2048:
2037:
2026:
2023:Mose Khoneli
2015:
1919:Qutlu Arslan
1737:David Soslan
1732:(until 1185)
1645:. Retrieved
1641:the original
1630:
1619:. Retrieved
1615:the original
1604:
1584:
1577:
1557:
1527:
1520:
1500:
1493:
1484:
1476:
1469:
1453:
1418:
1386:
1374:
1361:
1352:
1347:
1340:
1331:
1300:
1293:
1284:
1271:
1254:(1223-1284).
1252:
1234:
1210:
1198:
1186:
1170:
1154:
1122:
1107:
1100:
1074:
1063:. Retrieved
1061:. VirtualANI
1052:
1027:
1020:
1002:
976:
954:
948:
940:
925:
918:
891:
872:
853:
840:Chalcedonian
820:
807:Amirspasalar
805:
797:
795:
782:
750:
727:
714:
704:
696:Ghias ad-Din
659:Amirspasalar
657:
651:
635:
621:
585:
578:
573:Chalcedonian
566:
517:
509:
505:Amirspasalar
503:
501:
473:
462:
455:in 1195 and
450:
440:
389:
372:Chalcedonian
365:
357:principality
331:
299:
293:
253:
252:
218:Battles/wars
147:Succeeded by
139:
124:
105:Succeeded by
82:
59:
53:
2124:Amanelisdze
1801:Theodore II
1785:Individuals
1741:Children —
1689:Queen Tamar
1458:Baumer 2024
1442:Baumer 2024
1423:Baumer 2024
1407:Baumer 2024
1203:Baumer 2024
1175:Baumer 2024
1159:Baumer 2024
1143:Baumer 2024
836:Pghndzahank
790: 1215
640:Khwarizmian
569:Monophysism
480:Vayots Dzor
400:Shah-Armens
368:Monophysism
135:Preceded by
93:Preceded by
50:Harichavank
2188:Categories
2073:Saeristavo
1796:Michael IV
1705:George III
1647:2007-10-03
1621:2007-10-07
1460:, p.
1444:, p.
1425:, p.
1409:, p.
1177:, p.
1161:, p.
1145:, p.
1065:2007-07-15
910:References
678:, and the
674:at far as
392:challenged
386:and Ivane.
341:Eldiguzids
2077:(List of
2039:Tamariani
1760:Alexios I
1758:Nephew —
1754:Demetrius
1752:Cousin —
1743:George IV
1727:Spouse —
1721:Sister —
1711:Burdukhan
1709:Mother —
1703:Father —
1388:Imirzek'.
1092:154853564
818:in 1212.
738:Shahnshah
616:khatchkar
498:Atabegate
432:Georgians
416:Al-Adil I
328:Biography
284:) was an
277:romanized
197:Parent(s)
129:1213–1227
125:In office
87:1191–1213
83:In office
2165:Samtskhe
1894:Abulasan
1811:John VII
1806:Basil IV
1691:'s reign
783:zhamatun
707:Kipchaks
672:Kipchaks
664:Tbilissi
522:—
404:Lake Van
286:Armenian
266:Georgian
258:Armenian
208:(mother)
203:(father)
183:Children
55:sharbush
2079:duchies
2005:Culture
1899:Apridon
1874:Chiaber
1869:Kubasar
1748:Rusudan
1723:Rusudan
1717:Rusudan
1715:Aunt —
846:Sources
842:faith.
761:Kutaisi
757:Rusudan
711:Gandzak
700:Erzurum
692:Rusudan
682:at the
676:Soldaia
628:Subutai
453:Shamkor
420:Saladin
170:Unknown
61:kaftans
1697:Family
1592:
1565:
1535:
1508:
1377:: 25.
1334:: 211.
1245:
1115:
1090:
969:
933:
898:
879:
860:
816:Zakare
798:Atabeg
715:atabeg
668:Tabriz
653:atabeg
642:ruler
511:Atabeg
441:dinars
428:Zakare
384:Zakare
338:Seljuk
301:Atabeg
268::
117:Atabeg
1481:(PDF)
1371:(PDF)
1239:(PDF)
1179:24-25
1147:23-24
1088:S2CID
1084:(PDF)
771:Death
636:tümen
457:Basen
446:Tamta
408:Ahlat
1590:ISBN
1563:ISBN
1533:ISBN
1506:ISBN
1243:ISBN
1113:ISBN
967:ISBN
931:ISBN
896:ISBN
877:ISBN
858:ISBN
829:and
744:and
742:Kars
734:Dvin
484:Bjni
467:and
410:was
345:Bjni
334:Dvin
178:1227
175:Died
167:Born
1379:doi
1306:doi
1277:doi
1008:doi
959:doi
746:Ani
694:to
349:Ani
2190::
2167:—
2158:—
2149:—
2140:—
2131:—
2122:—
2113:—
2104:—
2095:—
2061:—
2047:—
2036:—
2025:—
2014:—
1547:^
1462:34
1446:33
1434:^
1427:32
1411:32
1395:^
1385:.
1373:.
1330:.
1318:^
1283:.
1261:^
1251:.
1222:^
1163:24
1131:^
1121:.
1086:.
1037:^
988:^
975:.
965:.
939:.
787:c.
767:.
725:.
702:.
494:.
482:,
324:.
274:,
264:;
260::
2081:)
1681:e
1674:t
1667:v
1650:.
1624:.
1598:.
1571:.
1541:.
1514:.
1464:.
1448:.
1429:.
1413:.
1381::
1312:.
1308::
1279::
1181:.
1165:.
1149:.
1094:.
1068:.
1014:.
1010::
981:.
961::
904:.
885:.
866:.
792:.
279::
256:(
64:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
