186:, Eskelinen and Riutta were arrested in April 1982. In addition to them, a dozen people were interrogated. These explained that they thought it was a sensitive but officially approved act, so the charges - titled “Deliberate gathering of information for a foreign state in a manner detrimental to Finland's relations with foreign states" - were limited to Eskelinen and Riutta. In March 1984, the Supreme Court sentenced Riutta and Eskelinen to imprisonment for espionage in favor of France, as well as for firearm and explosive offences.
168:
The organisation's chairman, Heikki
Eskelinen, and its secretary, First Lieutenant Pertti Olavi Riutta, became embroiled in a conspiracy involving espionage in the early 1980s. In 1978, Riutta founded a secret military organization called the North Star, which was intended to be a resistance movement
151:
In the 1980s, For
Independence also supported Estonian separatism by disseminating information on the subject and organizing emigrant Estonians to speak at its events. In the 1980s, it became a member of the
1057:
169:
should the Soviet Union occupy
Finland. He recruited a two-digit number of members from For Independence, including officers and police. Riutta stole firearms, hand grenades and explosives from the
117:
was elected chairman. A couple of years later, Eskelinen also replaced Kare as head of the
Helsinki chapter. During Eskelinen's leadership, contacts were also established with the anti-communist
1069:
1040:
220:
99:
spoke at the organization’s events. However, For
Independence was non-partisan. Members of the Board included politicians from multiple parties that opposed "Soviet hegemony".
173:
for the use of the North Star. Riutta and
Eskelinen provided the French intelligence service with information concerning the Soviet Union, in return for printing the Swiss
978:
133:
1086:
118:
990:
122:
107:
1218:
905:
1208:
1223:
125:(EVA). For Independence published in 1977 the pamphlet "Beware of the revolution" of which more than 30,000 copies were distributed through SYT.
402:
352:
87:. For Independence gathered together right-wing critics of President Kekkonen. It was co-founded by several individuals who later joined the
129:
80:
304:
1170:
17:
1062:
372:
1213:
1045:
513:
183:
1123:
1110:
407:
397:
387:
347:
156:, an international umbrella organization for anti-communism. For Independence ceased to be active after the end of the
1081:
417:
362:
112:
1052:
488:
297:
422:
392:
141:
1091:
1035:
432:
313:
1074:
518:
463:
427:
153:
39:) was a right-wing political organization operating in Finland in the 1970s and 1980s, which opposed the
508:
498:
290:
128:
For
Independence supported parliamentarism but included several far-right activists, such as historian
88:
1002:
263:
Ylikansallista nationalismia – Ruotsalainen äärioikeisto
Suomessa 1970-luvulla Ennen ja nyt 13.3.2013.
579:
377:
83:. In 1968 around him had formed a group called the Thursday Club, which also published the magazine
327:
634:
1143:
599:
468:
175:
1012:
63:
in the autumn of 1971 and was registered in April 1972. Local branches were also established in
412:
170:
910:
879:
564:
533:
942:
1129:
922:
784:
483:
473:
357:
332:
79:. The first president of the association and the original central figure was the publisher
859:
8:
1136:
624:
569:
367:
342:
754:
584:
983:
619:
442:
145:
96:
749:
604:
927:
744:
140:. SIN had been originally named Patriotic National Movement (IKL) after the fascist
137:
968:
900:
884:
844:
819:
724:
629:
589:
528:
804:
704:
854:
759:
739:
729:
684:
594:
559:
549:
503:
337:
995:
864:
282:
136:(SIN), a youth organization that had been established in the early 1970s led by
1150:
952:
839:
829:
814:
789:
764:
714:
694:
689:
659:
649:
639:
437:
382:
40:
1178:
1202:
1174:
1007:
973:
947:
917:
849:
809:
779:
769:
709:
699:
679:
614:
609:
92:
44:
799:
1182:
874:
834:
824:
794:
774:
674:
654:
644:
554:
239:
Politiikan juoksuhaudat – Äärioikeistoliikkeet
Suomessa kylmän sodan aikana
1186:
1117:
937:
932:
734:
719:
669:
523:
478:
447:
272:
Kimmo
Rentola: Suojelupoliisi kylmässä sodassa 1949–1991, pp. 171–174 in
1017:
869:
574:
252:
AKS:n tie – Akateeminen Karjala-Seura isänmaan ja heimoaatteen asialla
1164:
664:
48:
1157:
157:
60:
68:
76:
72:
64:
102:
In the autumn of 1974, a national umbrella organization,
250:
Jarkko Vesikansa: ”AKS:n henkinen jatkosota”, p. 330 in
221:
Viron uudelleen itsenäistymistä avustettiin Suomesta
312:
182:When the activities came to the attention of the
91:(POP). Well-known hard-right politicians such as
1200:
179:manual that Riutta had translated into Finnish.
241:, pp. 150–152, 154–156. Atena, Jyväskylä 2018.
203:
201:
199:
403:National Trade Union Confederation of Finland
353:Finnish National Socialist Labor Organisation
298:
207:Tiedonantaja, 1977, Itsenäisyyden Puolesta ry
34:
1219:Paramilitary organisations based in Finland
196:
305:
291:
163:
1171:Pro-German resistance movement in Finland
254:(ed. Mikko Uola). Minerva, Helsinki 2011.
233:
231:
229:
59:For Independence began its activities in
54:
1209:Political organisations based in Finland
1058:Helsinki Central Railway Station assault
276:(ed. Matti Simola). WSOY, Helsinki 2009.
144:(IKL) and was connected to the neo-nazi
41:influence of the Soviet Union in Finland
1224:Anti-communist organisations in Finland
14:
1201:
373:Labor Organisation of Brothers-in-Arms
274:Ratakatu 12 – Suojelupoliisi 1949–2009
226:
215:
213:
1070:Assassination attempt of Pekka Kataja
286:
184:Finnish Security Intelligence Service
1041:1986 Oulu airplane hijacking attempt
104:Popular Association For Independence
1124:Finnish volunteers in the Waffen-SS
1111:21 Paths to the Kingdom of Darkness
398:National Socialist Union of Finland
388:Organisation of National Socialists
210:
24:
25:
1235:
969:Assassination of Heikki Ritavuori
106:, was established and journalist
418:Patriotic Citizens of Viitasaari
348:Finnish-Socialist Workers' Party
393:National Socialists of Finland
266:
257:
244:
27:Finnish political organization
13:
1:
1036:Kursiivi printing house arson
363:Finnish People's Organisation
314:Far-right politics in Finland
189:
1214:Political history of Finland
1082:Kankaanpää terrorism arrests
489:Finnish People's Blue-Whites
223:, Aluepalautus ry 25.8.2011.
132:. It was also linked to the
7:
519:Power Belongs to the People
514:Patriotic People's Movement
464:Atomwaffen Division Finland
423:Patriotic People's Movement
154:World Anti-Communist League
142:Patriotic People's Movement
10:
1240:
1053:Jyväskylä library stabbing
509:Nordic Resistance Movement
433:People's Community Society
89:Constitutional Right Party
43:, the policy of President
1102:
1026:
961:
893:
580:Johan Christian Fabritius
542:
456:
378:Lalli Alliance of Finland
320:
134:Independent Finnish Youth
428:Patriotic People's Party
328:Academic Karelia Society
1087:Lahti terrorism arrests
974:Murder of Onni Happonen
469:Blue-and-Black Movement
164:North Star organization
119:Finnish Society Support
413:Party of Finnish Labor
171:Finnish Defense Forces
55:History and activities
36:Itsenäisyyden Puolesta
35:
18:Itsenäisyyden Puolesta
880:Kurt Martti Wallenius
565:Hjalmar von Bonsdorff
534:Truth Party (Finland)
1130:Finnlands Lebensraum
1013:StĂĄhlberg kidnapping
979:Murder of Erik Mättö
484:Finnish People First
474:Blue and White Front
358:Front Soldier League
1137:Kansallissosialisti
991:Murder of Yrjö Holm
625:Carl-Gustaf Herlitz
570:Severin Dobrovolsky
368:Finnish Labor Front
343:Finnish Realm Union
123:Business Commission
108:Heikki S. Eskelinen
1003:Mäntsälä rebellion
906:Esa Henrik Holappa
620:Gunnar von Hertzen
600:Yrjö von Grönhagen
146:Nordic Realm Party
97:Georg C. Ehrnrooth
1196:
1195:
860:Ă–rnulf Tigerstedt
750:Thorvald Oljemark
605:Bertel Gripenberg
408:NSDAP/AO Finnland
16:(Redirected from
1231:
1095:
1078:
1066:
1049:
1027:Post-1945 events
999:
987:
914:
901:James Hirvisaari
894:Post-1945 people
885:Artturi Vuorimaa
845:Paavo Susitaival
820:Kaarlo Salovaara
755:Johannes Ă–hquist
725:Gunnar Lindqvist
630:Kalevi Heikkinen
590:C. A. J. Gadolin
585:Petter Forsström
529:Soldiers of Odin
499:Freedom Alliance
494:For Independence
457:Post-1945 groups
307:
300:
293:
284:
283:
277:
270:
264:
261:
255:
248:
242:
235:
224:
219:Lasse Koskinen:
217:
208:
205:
176:Total Resistance
116:
38:
31:For Independence
21:
1239:
1238:
1234:
1233:
1232:
1230:
1229:
1228:
1199:
1198:
1197:
1192:
1098:
1089:
1072:
1060:
1043:
1022:
993:
981:
962:Pre-1945 events
957:
923:Juha Kärkkäinen
908:
889:
855:Eino Tuomivaara
785:Erkki Räikkönen
760:Unto Parvilahti
740:Iisakki Nikkola
730:Arvi Malmivaara
685:Edvard Karvonen
595:Herman Gummerus
560:Torsten Aminoff
550:Reino Ala-Kulju
543:Pre-1945 people
538:
504:Kohti Vapautta!
452:
338:Blue-and-Blacks
321:Pre-1945 groups
316:
311:
281:
280:
271:
267:
262:
258:
249:
245:
237:Tommi Kotonen:
236:
227:
218:
211:
206:
197:
192:
166:
110:
57:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1237:
1227:
1226:
1221:
1216:
1211:
1194:
1193:
1191:
1190:
1168:
1161:
1154:
1151:Magneettimedia
1147:
1140:
1133:
1126:
1121:
1114:
1106:
1104:
1100:
1099:
1097:
1096:
1084:
1079:
1067:
1055:
1050:
1038:
1033:
1030:
1028:
1024:
1023:
1021:
1020:
1015:
1010:
1005:
1000:
988:
976:
971:
965:
963:
959:
958:
956:
955:
953:Ano Turtiainen
950:
945:
940:
935:
930:
928:Jouni Lanamäki
925:
920:
915:
903:
897:
895:
891:
890:
888:
887:
882:
877:
872:
867:
862:
857:
852:
847:
842:
840:Arne Somersalo
837:
832:
830:Elias Simojoki
827:
822:
817:
815:Bruno Salmiala
812:
807:
802:
797:
792:
790:Hilja Riipinen
787:
782:
777:
772:
767:
765:Martti Pihkala
762:
757:
752:
747:
745:Vietti Nykänen
742:
737:
732:
727:
722:
717:
715:Vihtori Kosola
712:
707:
702:
697:
695:Juho Kaveheimo
692:
690:Aarne Kauhanen
687:
682:
677:
672:
667:
662:
660:Y. P. I. Kaila
657:
652:
650:Kustaa Jussila
647:
642:
640:Y. W. Jalander
637:
632:
627:
622:
617:
612:
607:
602:
597:
592:
587:
582:
577:
572:
567:
562:
557:
552:
546:
544:
540:
539:
537:
536:
531:
526:
521:
516:
511:
506:
501:
496:
491:
486:
481:
476:
471:
466:
460:
458:
454:
453:
451:
450:
445:
440:
438:Rising Finland
435:
430:
425:
420:
415:
410:
405:
400:
395:
390:
385:
383:Lapua Movement
380:
375:
370:
365:
360:
355:
350:
345:
340:
335:
330:
324:
322:
318:
317:
310:
309:
302:
295:
287:
279:
278:
265:
256:
243:
225:
209:
194:
193:
191:
188:
165:
162:
138:Jouni Lanamäki
121:(SYT) and the
56:
53:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1236:
1225:
1222:
1220:
1217:
1215:
1212:
1210:
1207:
1206:
1204:
1188:
1184:
1180:
1176:
1175:Thoralf Kyrre
1172:
1169:
1167:
1166:
1162:
1160:
1159:
1155:
1153:
1152:
1148:
1146:
1145:
1141:
1139:
1138:
1134:
1132:
1131:
1127:
1125:
1122:
1120:
1119:
1115:
1113:
1112:
1108:
1107:
1105:
1101:
1093:
1088:
1085:
1083:
1080:
1076:
1071:
1068:
1064:
1059:
1056:
1054:
1051:
1047:
1042:
1039:
1037:
1034:
1032:
1031:
1029:
1025:
1019:
1016:
1014:
1011:
1009:
1008:Peasant March
1006:
1004:
1001:
997:
992:
989:
985:
980:
977:
975:
972:
970:
967:
966:
964:
960:
954:
951:
949:
948:Pekka Siitoin
946:
944:
943:Olavi Mäenpää
941:
939:
936:
934:
931:
929:
926:
924:
921:
919:
918:Juha Korhonen
916:
912:
907:
904:
902:
899:
898:
896:
892:
886:
883:
881:
878:
876:
873:
871:
868:
866:
863:
861:
858:
856:
853:
851:
850:Paavo Talvela
848:
846:
843:
841:
838:
836:
833:
831:
828:
826:
823:
821:
818:
816:
813:
811:
810:Antti Salamaa
808:
806:
805:Yrjö Saarinen
803:
801:
798:
796:
793:
791:
788:
786:
783:
781:
780:Niilo Rauvala
778:
776:
773:
771:
770:Otto Piisinen
768:
766:
763:
761:
758:
756:
753:
751:
748:
746:
743:
741:
738:
736:
733:
731:
728:
726:
723:
721:
718:
716:
713:
711:
710:Juhani Konkka
708:
706:
705:Yrjö Kivenoja
703:
701:
700:Olavi Karpalo
698:
696:
693:
691:
688:
686:
683:
681:
680:Toivo Karanko
678:
676:
673:
671:
668:
666:
663:
661:
658:
656:
653:
651:
648:
646:
643:
641:
638:
636:
635:Antti Isotalo
633:
631:
628:
626:
623:
621:
618:
616:
615:Vilho Helanen
613:
611:
610:Reidar Hedman
608:
606:
603:
601:
598:
596:
593:
591:
588:
586:
583:
581:
578:
576:
573:
571:
568:
566:
563:
561:
558:
556:
553:
551:
548:
547:
545:
541:
535:
532:
530:
527:
525:
522:
520:
517:
515:
512:
510:
507:
505:
502:
500:
497:
495:
492:
490:
487:
485:
482:
480:
477:
475:
472:
470:
467:
465:
462:
461:
459:
455:
449:
446:
444:
441:
439:
436:
434:
431:
429:
426:
424:
421:
419:
416:
414:
411:
409:
406:
404:
401:
399:
396:
394:
391:
389:
386:
384:
381:
379:
376:
374:
371:
369:
366:
364:
361:
359:
356:
354:
351:
349:
346:
344:
341:
339:
336:
334:
331:
329:
326:
325:
323:
319:
315:
308:
303:
301:
296:
294:
289:
288:
285:
275:
269:
260:
253:
247:
240:
234:
232:
230:
222:
216:
214:
204:
202:
200:
195:
187:
185:
180:
178:
177:
172:
161:
159:
155:
149:
147:
143:
139:
135:
131:
126:
124:
120:
114:
109:
105:
100:
98:
94:
93:Tuure Junnila
90:
86:
82:
78:
74:
70:
66:
62:
52:
50:
46:
45:Urho Kekkonen
42:
37:
32:
19:
1183:Arvid Ojasti
1163:
1156:
1149:
1144:Kustaa Vaasa
1142:
1135:
1128:
1116:
1109:
875:Mauno Vannas
865:Jukka Tyrkkö
835:Teo Snellman
825:Jaakko Seise
795:John Rosberg
775:Boris Popper
675:Rauno Kallia
655:Kaarlo Kares
645:Karl Jansson
555:Vilho Annala
493:
273:
268:
259:
251:
246:
238:
181:
174:
167:
150:
127:
103:
101:
84:
58:
30:
29:
1187:Claes Purjo
1179:Lauri Törni
1118:Ajan Suunta
1090: [
1073: [
1061: [
1044: [
994: [
982: [
938:Junes Lokka
933:Seppo Lehto
909: [
735:Jussi Muilu
720:Jussi Leino
670:Arvi Kalsta
524:Suomen Sisu
479:Finns Party
448:Vientirauha
111: [
1203:Categories
1018:Vaasa riot
870:Ensio Uoti
800:Yrjö Ruutu
575:Kai Donner
333:Blue Cross
190:References
130:Mikko Uola
81:Kauko Kare
1165:Siniristi
665:Hans Kalm
49:socialism
1158:MV-media
443:Stormers
158:Cold War
61:Helsinki
148:(NRP).
69:Tampere
85:Nootti
1103:Other
1094:]
1077:]
1065:]
1048:]
998:]
986:]
913:]
115:]
77:Vaasa
73:Turku
65:Lahti
95:and
75:and
47:and
51:.
1205::
1185:,
1181:,
1177:,
1092:fi
1075:fi
1063:fi
1046:fi
996:fi
984:fi
911:fi
228:^
212:^
198:^
160:.
113:fi
71:,
67:,
1189:)
1173:(
306:e
299:t
292:v
33:(
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.