3018:
52:
1641:
2318:
2095:
2058:
2021:
1629:
2136:
3006:
1502:
958:
2306:
2999:
1902:
regime. The
Radicals, who were once the far left of the Italian political spectrum, were finally associated with the old Liberal establishment, which was replaced by
739:
2992:
2963:
1855:, who had positioned his party in the centre-left and supported many Radical reforms, while the Radicals had moved toward the centre. Nitti himself was the
2284:
3109:
2968:
2299:
2984:
3140:
3104:
2958:
1289:
3099:
2292:
2886:
2381:
1671:
3145:
3160:
1157:
813:
1575:
1095:
3150:
2663:
2593:
1214:
1182:
1175:
913:
764:
1844:
1482:
1100:
372:
1780:
priest who was suspended from his ministry for having joined the party and who is widely considered in Italy the precursor of
3165:
2475:
2451:
2369:
1560:
1525:
1170:
2118:
Secretary: Giovanni Amici (1904–1914), Mario
Cevolotto (1919–1920), Gino Bandini (1920–1921), Ernesto Pietriboni (1921–1922)
2880:
2839:
2787:
2728:
2634:
1565:
1550:
1540:
1535:
1377:
1110:
1050:
908:
833:
511:
2558:
2314:
1545:
1417:
1347:
1222:
903:
167:
3114:
3094:
3014:
2973:
2953:
2752:
2493:
1570:
1555:
1530:
1389:
1352:
1262:
1060:
196:
3155:
3135:
2669:
2605:
2445:
2212:
2165:
1887:
1824:
but strengthened their position in Veneto, notably holding for almost twenty years the single-seat constituencies of
1242:
1227:
1065:
29:
3081:
2722:
2710:
2698:
2599:
1872:
1856:
1664:
1382:
1267:
1237:
1232:
1128:
1105:
1015:
963:
862:
216:
576:
2915:
2481:
2334:
1580:
1477:
923:
888:
749:
744:
2704:
2611:
2546:
1472:
1442:
1274:
1123:
1055:
2758:
2576:
2517:
2511:
2074:
2037:
2000:
1968:
1868:
1864:
1840:
1497:
1430:
1332:
872:
850:
759:
1918:
was launched in 1955 by the left-wing of the former
Liberals. These new Radicals, whose longtime leader was
2387:
1357:
823:
140:
1894:
and other elements of the political bloc that governed Italy from the years of
Giolitti until the rise of
2734:
2716:
2570:
2352:
1941:
1903:
1657:
1487:
1279:
1249:
1165:
1150:
1145:
1135:
828:
803:
661:
2892:
2793:
2740:
2534:
1317:
893:
717:
2898:
2874:
2675:
2499:
2422:
2375:
1412:
1339:
1209:
1118:
867:
845:
838:
2187:
3059:
2933:
2646:
2552:
2428:
1817:
1769:
1467:
1364:
978:
883:
626:
122:
491:
3037:
2939:
2487:
2463:
2393:
2340:
2103:
1860:
1847:. With Nitti, a southerner, the Radicals became part of the governing coalition dominated by the
1785:
1765:
1713:
1598:
1435:
1425:
1307:
1297:
1085:
1035:
1000:
818:
776:
771:
734:
729:
66:
671:
596:
2927:
2809:
2416:
1327:
1302:
1080:
1020:
641:
506:
1867:, the Radicals filed joint candidates with the Liberals in 54% of the constituencies. For the
933:
3070:
2868:
2821:
2781:
2775:
2622:
2564:
2505:
2346:
1915:
1891:
1848:
1312:
1075:
1070:
1040:
1030:
676:
581:
270:
22:
2921:
2457:
2399:
1911:
1748:
Since 1877, the
Radical Party was active as a loose parliamentary group grown out from the
1721:
1717:
1613:
1603:
983:
953:
722:
424:
318:
308:
243:
238:
224:
181:
157:
145:
8:
2681:
2469:
1793:
1781:
1749:
1705:
1608:
1369:
1197:
943:
808:
696:
631:
451:
365:
333:
313:
248:
112:
2204:
Anticlericalismo e democrazia: storia del
Partito radicale in Italia e a Roma, 1901–1914
1752:. The group was later organised as a full-fledged party in 1904 under the leadership of
2827:
2746:
2175:
1797:
898:
646:
636:
616:
586:
536:
516:
501:
387:
338:
260:
201:
152:
2208:
2161:
1927:
1852:
1843:, the Radicals obtained their best result with 10.4% of the vote and 62 seats in the
1733:
1645:
1025:
948:
918:
531:
463:
441:
348:
298:
253:
191:
556:
2833:
1923:
1895:
1875:. The joint list gained 15.9% of the vote and 96 seats, doing particularly well in
1737:
1689:
1457:
1452:
1447:
1284:
1140:
973:
666:
606:
591:
566:
561:
353:
323:
293:
2845:
2616:
2273:
2202:
2155:
1899:
611:
521:
486:
404:
303:
275:
1922:, claimed to be the ideological successors of the Historical Far Left, such as
1919:
1833:
1809:
1757:
1709:
1633:
1254:
1192:
877:
691:
681:
651:
571:
546:
496:
458:
436:
360:
343:
328:
3129:
2066:
2029:
1992:
1813:
1753:
1725:
1507:
1407:
1402:
1394:
1187:
1010:
431:
409:
394:
62:
51:
791:
2815:
2640:
1883:
1773:
993:
857:
754:
656:
621:
541:
1816:, especially around Rome. Later on, they lost votes to the Socialists in
1202:
1090:
1045:
1005:
798:
686:
551:
399:
2628:
1729:
938:
786:
781:
601:
526:
419:
414:
1503:
Universal League for the
Material Elevation of the Industrious Classes
1492:
2851:
1907:
1640:
377:
1871:, they joined forces with several minor liberal parties to form the
1876:
1789:
1777:
446:
382:
265:
2275:
Il
Partito Radicale in Italia da Mario Pannunzio a Marco Pannella
2257:
2237:
1821:
988:
468:
1910:
elements of the old
Radicals took part to the foundation of the
1825:
1805:
1801:
1462:
959:
International
Entente of Radical and Similar Democratic Parties
928:
2317:
1829:
1761:
132:
740:
Association of Radicals for the United States of Europe
2157:
L'ideologia radicale: evoluzione tra gli schieramenti
1836:, where they were previously virtually non-existent.
1906:
as the leading political force in the country. Some
2232:Piergiorgio Corbetta; Maria Serena Piretti (2009).
3127:
168:Agreed Lists of Liberals, Democrats and Radicals
1886:, some former Radicals led by Nitti joined the
1704:), was a political party in Italy. Heir of the
1290:Radical Movement of Social Democratic Alliance
909:Free Democratic Party/Radical Democratic Party
851:Democratic Union-Agricultural and Labour Party
3022:Early 20th-century political parties in Italy
3000:
2300:
1665:
2964:Early 20th-century Italian political parties
2887:Italian Democratic Party of Monarchist Unity
2382:Italian Socialist Party of Proletarian Unity
2154:Guerriero, Massimo (2015). Mondadori (ed.).
2248:
2246:
2201:Orsina, Giovanni (2002). Rubbettino (ed.).
3007:
2993:
2307:
2293:
2228:
2226:
2224:
1672:
1658:
2153:
1788:. The Radicals were originally strong in
1158:Progressive Democratic Party of the North
814:Czech Constitutionalist Progressive Party
2268:
2266:
2243:
1096:Partido Ecologista Radical Intransigente
2664:Movement for the Independence of Sicily
2439:Social-democratic and liberal-socialist
2221:
1712:in its beginning, with the rise of the
3128:
2200:
1483:Stratford Dialectical and Radical Club
3141:Political parties established in 1877
3110:1950s–1990s Italian political parties
3105:19th-century Italian political groups
2988:
2969:1950s–1990s Italian political parties
2959:19th-century Italian political groups
2370:Italian Revolutionary Socialist Party
2322:Historical political parties in Italy
2288:
2263:
1832:, which had also Radical mayors, and
3100:Historical Italian political parties
2729:Christian Democrats for the Republic
2207:. Rubbettino Editore. pp. 5–6.
1933:
1051:Movement for Constitutional Freedoms
834:Democratic Socialist Party of Greece
2559:Republican Democratic Concentration
2234:Atlante storico-elettorale d'Italia
1418:Republican Democratic Concentration
904:Federal Democratic Republican Party
21:For the party founded in 1955, see
13:
3146:Defunct political parties in Italy
3095:List of political parties in Italy
2954:List of political parties in Italy
2753:Christian Democracy for Autonomies
2494:Italian Democratic Socialist Party
1390:Radical Socialist Republican Party
14:
3177:
3161:Defunct liberal political parties
3115:Current Italian political parties
2974:Current Italian political parties
2670:Federalists and Liberal Democrats
2606:Democratic Union for the Republic
2446:Italian Reformist Socialist Party
1066:National Progressive Center Union
30:Italian Radicals (disambiguation)
18:1904–1922 Italian political party
3016:
2699:Italian Catholic Electoral Union
2635:Democracy is Freedom – The Daisy
2600:Italian Democratic Liberal Party
2316:
2094:
2093:
2057:
2056:
2020:
2019:
1857:Italian Minister of the Treasury
1720:. The party was associated with
1639:
1627:
1016:Liberals, Democrats and Radicals
964:Italian Democratic Liberal Party
863:Ecuadorian Radical Liberal Party
50:
2916:Italian Nationalist Association
2594:Constitutional Democratic Party
2137:"La campagna elettorale a Roma"
924:Free-thinking Democratic League
745:Authentic Radical Liberal Party
3151:Critics of the Catholic Church
2194:
2147:
2129:
1708:and representative of Italy's
1056:National and Social Liberation
765:Union of the Democratic Centre
1:
2759:Union of Democrats for Europe
2587:Centrist and centrist liberal
2512:Italian Democratic Socialists
2252:Massimo L. Salvadori (2000).
2122:
2112:
1869:1921 Italian general election
1865:1919 Italian general election
1841:1913 Italian general election
1498:Union, Progress and Democracy
1106:Party of Independence and '48
1101:Party of Democratic Socialism
873:European Republicans Movement
3166:1877 establishments in Italy
2840:Conservatives and Reformists
2788:National Democratic Alliance
2388:Democratic Party of the Left
1756:. Leading Radicals included
824:Democratic Left of Catalonia
373:Liberté, égalité, fraternité
7:
2735:Christian Democratic Centre
2353:Party of Italian Communists
1488:Transnational Radical Party
1250:Radical Federative Movement
1146:Portuguese Republican Party
1136:Political Party of Radicals
829:Democratic-Republican Party
804:Czech National Social Party
10:
3182:
2741:United Christian Democrats
2657:Regionalist and federalist
2528:Radical and social-liberal
1863:from 1919 to 1920. In the
1820:and to the Republicans in
1792:, notably in the northern
1743:
1183:Progressive People's Party
914:Free-minded People's Party
27:
20:
3090:
3027:
2949:
2908:
2881:People's Monarchist Party
2875:Monarchist National Party
2861:
2802:
2768:
2691:
2676:Federalist Italian League
2656:
2586:
2527:
2438:
2423:Federation of Green Lists
2409:
2362:
2327:
1962:
1950:
1947:
1940:
1888:National Democratic Union
1694:Partito Radicale Italiano
1340:Radical Party of the Left
1219:Radical Democratic Party
868:European Radical Alliance
839:Georgios Papandreou Party
760:Centre Union – New Forces
187:
174:
163:
151:
139:
128:
118:
108:
90:
72:
58:
49:
43:Partito Radicale Italiano
37:
3156:Liberal parties in Italy
3136:Radical parties in Italy
2934:Republican Fascist Party
2647:Liberal Popular Alliance
2429:Federation of the Greens
1959:
1956:
1953:
1873:Democratic Liberal Party
1770:Italian Republican Party
1764:with the support of the
1702:Partito Radicale storico
1698:Historical Radical Party
1374:Radical Socialist Party
1365:Radical Republican Party
979:Italian Republican Party
884:German Free-minded Party
2940:Italian Social Movement
2488:Italian Socialist Party
2482:Unified Socialist Party
2476:Unitary Socialist Party
2464:Labour Democratic Party
2452:Unitary Socialist Party
2341:Italian Communist Party
2335:Proletarian Unity Party
2104:Francesco Saverio Nitti
1861:Prime Minister of Italy
1786:Francesco Saverio Nitti
1766:Italian Socialist Party
1716:, it came to represent
1714:Italian Socialist Party
1599:Conservative liberalism
1478:Socialist Radical Party
1473:Social Democratic Party
1344:Radical People's Party
1324:Radical Party of Chile
1215:Radical Democracy Party
1115:People's Radical Party
1086:Opportunist Republicans
1036:Manhood Suffrage League
1001:Labour Democratic Party
777:Colombian Liberal Party
735:Alsatian Progress Party
730:Alfarista Radical Front
153:Political position
96:; 102 years ago
78:; 120 years ago
67:Francesco Saverio Nitti
2928:National Fascist Party
2723:Italian People's Party
2711:Italian People's Party
2705:Conservative Catholics
2612:Union for the Republic
2376:Italian Workers' Party
1859:from 1917 to 1919 and
1693:
1259:Radical Liberal Party
1061:National Radical Party
2862:National-conservative
2822:The People of Freedom
2782:Italian Liberal Party
2541:Italian Radical Party
2506:Democrats of the Left
2347:Proletarian Democracy
2272:David Busato (1996).
2160:. Massimo Guerriero.
1914:in 1942, while a new
1892:Italian Liberal Party
1696:), also known as the
1686:Italian Radical Party
1646:Liberalism portal
1071:National Reform Union
1041:Mexican Liberal Party
1031:Liberal Swedish Party
969:Italian Radical Party
889:German People's Party
271:History of liberalism
40:Italian Radical Party
23:Radical Party (Italy)
2803:Liberal-conservative
2769:Conservative-liberal
2692:Christian-democratic
2400:Left Ecology Freedom
2363:Democratic socialist
2254:Enciclopedia storica
1930:, and the Radicals.
1772:from 1907 to 1913),
1722:classical radicalism
1718:centre-left politics
1614:Liberalism in Europe
1604:History of socialism
1399:Radicals of the Left
984:Jacksonian Democrats
954:Independent Radicals
772:Civic Workers' Party
319:Classical radicalism
309:Classical liberalism
244:Atlantic Revolutions
239:Age of Enlightenment
164:National affiliation
146:Classical radicalism
28:For other uses, see
2794:Union of the Centre
2717:Christian Democracy
2571:Democratic Alliance
2470:Union of Socialists
1942:Chamber of Deputies
1904:Christian Democracy
1845:Chamber of Deputies
1796:, the southeastern
1794:Province of Sondrio
1782:Christian democracy
1750:Historical Far Left
1706:Historical Far Left
1609:Irish republicanism
1370:Radical Republicans
1198:Radical Civic Union
944:Historical Far Left
934:Giustizia e Libertà
809:Czech Realist Party
366:Left-libertarianism
334:Freedom of movement
314:Cultural radicalism
249:American Revolution
113:Historical Far Left
2893:National Democracy
2869:Common Man's Front
2828:Future and Freedom
2747:European Democracy
1798:Province of Mantua
1634:History portal
1275:Radical Left Party
1162:Progressive Party
607:Mill (John Stuart)
388:Left-wing populism
261:Belgian Revolution
94:26 April 1922
3123:
3122:
2982:
2981:
2922:Combatants' Party
2899:National Alliance
2500:Labour Federation
2110:
2109:
1934:Electoral results
1928:Felice Cavallotti
1890:, along with the
1853:Giovanni Giolitti
1734:social liberalism
1682:
1681:
1413:Republican Action
1210:Radical Democracy
1026:Liberal Reformers
949:Independence Club
919:Free-minded Union
464:Utopian socialism
442:Social liberalism
349:Liberal socialism
299:Civic nationalism
254:French Revolution
210:
209:
197:Political parties
192:Politics of Italy
3173:
3080:
3078:
3069:
3067:
3060:Republican Party
3058:
3056:
3047:
3045:
3036:
3034:
3021:
3020:
3019:
3009:
3002:
2995:
2986:
2985:
2834:New Centre-Right
2553:Social Democracy
2547:Democratic Party
2321:
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2309:
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2295:
2286:
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2279:
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2261:
2250:
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2060:
2059:
2051:
2023:
2022:
2014:
1982:
1938:
1937:
1924:Agostino Bertani
1896:Benito Mussolini
1738:anti-clericalism
1674:
1667:
1660:
1644:
1643:
1632:
1631:
1630:
1468:Social Democracy
1458:Rose Street Club
1453:Rose in the Fist
1448:Resolution Party
1443:Republican Union
1422:Republican Left
1285:Radical Movement
1151:Democratic Party
1141:Popular Councils
974:Italian Radicals
894:FDP.The Liberals
846:Democratic Union
452:Women's suffrage
354:Social democracy
324:Direct democracy
294:Anti-clericalism
212:
211:
180:
123:Social Democracy
119:Merged into
109:Preceded by
104:
102:
97:
86:
84:
79:
76:27 May 1904
54:
35:
34:
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3038:Socialist Party
3032:
3031:
3023:
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3015:
3013:
2983:
2978:
2945:
2904:
2857:
2846:Direction Italy
2798:
2764:
2687:
2652:
2617:Italian Renewal
2582:
2523:
2434:
2405:
2394:Democratic Left
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2052:
2049:
2032:
2025:
2015:
2012:
1995:
1988:
1983:
1980:
1936:
1900:Italian fascist
1879:and the South.
1746:
1678:
1638:
1628:
1626:
1619:
1618:
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702:
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405:Reform movement
304:Civil liberties
289:
281:
280:
276:Progressive Era
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33:
26:
19:
12:
11:
5:
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2810:Economic Party
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2800:
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2779:
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2461:
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2417:Rainbow Greens
2413:
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2329:
2325:
2324:
2312:
2311:
2304:
2297:
2289:
2281:
2280:
2262:
2256:. Zanichelli:
2242:
2236:. Zanichelli:
2220:
2213:
2193:
2166:
2146:
2143:. 1 June 1914.
2127:
2126:
2124:
2121:
2120:
2119:
2114:
2111:
2108:
2107:
2102:
2100:
2092:
2090:
2085:
2083:
2080:
2079:110.697 (7th)
2077:
2071:
2070:
2065:
2063:
2055:
2053:
2048:
2046:
2043:
2042:522,522 (3rd)
2040:
2034:
2033:
2028:
2026:
2018:
2016:
2011:
2009:
2006:
2005:181,242 (3rd)
2003:
1997:
1996:
1991:
1989:
1986:
1984:
1979:
1977:
1974:
1973:128,002 (4th)
1971:
1965:
1964:
1961:
1958:
1955:
1952:
1949:
1948:Election year
1945:
1944:
1935:
1932:
1920:Marco Pannella
1834:southern Italy
1810:Emilia-Romagna
1758:Ernesto Nathan
1745:
1742:
1710:political left
1680:
1679:
1677:
1676:
1669:
1662:
1654:
1651:
1650:
1649:
1648:
1636:
1621:
1620:
1617:
1616:
1611:
1606:
1601:
1595:
1592:
1591:
1588:
1587:
1584:
1583:
1578:
1573:
1568:
1563:
1558:
1553:
1548:
1543:
1538:
1533:
1528:
1522:
1519:
1518:
1515:
1514:
1511:
1510:
1505:
1500:
1495:
1493:Ultra-radicals
1490:
1485:
1480:
1475:
1470:
1465:
1460:
1455:
1450:
1445:
1440:
1439:
1438:
1433:
1428:
1420:
1415:
1410:
1405:
1400:
1397:
1392:
1387:
1386:
1385:
1380:
1372:
1367:
1362:
1361:
1360:
1355:
1350:
1342:
1337:
1336:
1335:
1330:
1322:
1321:
1320:
1315:
1310:
1305:
1300:
1294:Radical Party
1292:
1287:
1282:
1277:
1272:
1271:
1270:
1265:
1257:
1255:Radical League
1252:
1247:
1246:
1245:
1240:
1235:
1230:
1225:
1217:
1212:
1207:
1206:
1205:
1195:
1193:Radical Change
1190:
1185:
1180:
1179:
1178:
1173:
1168:
1160:
1155:
1154:
1153:
1143:
1138:
1133:
1132:
1131:
1126:
1121:
1113:
1111:People's Party
1108:
1103:
1098:
1093:
1088:
1083:
1078:
1076:National Union
1073:
1068:
1063:
1058:
1053:
1048:
1043:
1038:
1033:
1028:
1023:
1018:
1013:
1008:
1003:
998:
997:
996:
986:
981:
976:
971:
966:
961:
956:
951:
946:
941:
936:
931:
926:
921:
916:
911:
906:
901:
896:
891:
886:
881:
878:Fabian Society
875:
870:
865:
860:
855:
854:
853:
843:
842:
841:
831:
826:
821:
819:Democrat Party
816:
811:
806:
801:
796:
795:
794:
789:
779:
774:
769:
768:
767:
762:
752:
747:
742:
737:
732:
727:
726:
725:
720:
711:
708:
707:
704:
703:
700:
699:
697:Wollstonecraft
694:
689:
684:
679:
674:
669:
664:
659:
654:
649:
644:
639:
634:
629:
624:
619:
614:
609:
604:
599:
594:
589:
584:
579:
574:
569:
564:
559:
554:
549:
544:
539:
534:
529:
524:
519:
514:
509:
504:
499:
494:
489:
483:
480:
479:
476:
475:
472:
471:
466:
461:
459:Utilitarianism
456:
455:
454:
444:
439:
437:Social justice
434:
429:
428:
427:
417:
412:
407:
402:
397:
392:
391:
390:
380:
375:
370:
369:
368:
361:Libertarianism
358:
357:
356:
346:
344:Labor movement
341:
336:
331:
329:Egalitarianism
326:
321:
316:
311:
306:
301:
296:
290:
287:
286:
283:
282:
279:
278:
273:
268:
263:
258:
257:
256:
251:
241:
235:
232:
231:
228:
227:
221:
220:
208:
207:
205:
204:
199:
194:
188:
185:
184:
176:
172:
171:
165:
161:
160:
155:
149:
148:
143:
137:
136:
130:
126:
125:
120:
116:
115:
110:
106:
105:
92:
88:
87:
74:
70:
69:
60:
56:
55:
47:
46:
42:
39:
38:
17:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3178:
3167:
3164:
3162:
3159:
3157:
3154:
3152:
3149:
3147:
3144:
3142:
3139:
3137:
3134:
3133:
3131:
3116:
3113:
3111:
3108:
3106:
3103:
3101:
3098:
3096:
3093:
3092:
3089:
3083:
3074:
3072:
3071:Liberal Union
3063:
3061:
3052:
3050:
3049:Radical Party
3041:
3039:
3030:
3029:
3026:
3010:
3005:
3003:
2998:
2996:
2991:
2990:
2987:
2975:
2972:
2970:
2967:
2965:
2962:
2960:
2957:
2955:
2952:
2951:
2948:
2941:
2938:
2935:
2932:
2929:
2926:
2923:
2920:
2917:
2914:
2913:
2911:
2907:
2900:
2897:
2894:
2891:
2888:
2885:
2882:
2879:
2876:
2873:
2870:
2867:
2866:
2864:
2860:
2853:
2850:
2847:
2844:
2841:
2838:
2835:
2832:
2829:
2826:
2823:
2820:
2817:
2814:
2811:
2808:
2807:
2805:
2801:
2795:
2792:
2789:
2786:
2783:
2780:
2777:
2776:Liberal Union
2774:
2773:
2771:
2767:
2760:
2757:
2754:
2751:
2748:
2745:
2742:
2739:
2736:
2733:
2730:
2727:
2724:
2721:
2718:
2715:
2712:
2709:
2706:
2703:
2700:
2697:
2696:
2694:
2690:
2683:
2680:
2677:
2674:
2671:
2668:
2665:
2662:
2661:
2659:
2655:
2648:
2645:
2642:
2639:
2636:
2633:
2630:
2627:
2624:
2623:The Democrats
2621:
2618:
2615:
2613:
2610:
2607:
2604:
2601:
2598:
2595:
2592:
2591:
2589:
2585:
2578:
2575:
2572:
2569:
2566:
2565:Radical Party
2563:
2560:
2557:
2554:
2551:
2548:
2545:
2542:
2539:
2536:
2533:
2532:
2530:
2526:
2519:
2516:
2513:
2510:
2507:
2504:
2501:
2498:
2495:
2492:
2489:
2486:
2483:
2480:
2477:
2474:
2471:
2468:
2465:
2462:
2459:
2456:
2453:
2450:
2447:
2444:
2443:
2441:
2437:
2430:
2427:
2424:
2421:
2418:
2415:
2414:
2412:
2408:
2401:
2398:
2395:
2392:
2389:
2386:
2383:
2380:
2377:
2374:
2371:
2368:
2367:
2365:
2361:
2354:
2351:
2348:
2345:
2342:
2339:
2336:
2333:
2332:
2330:
2326:
2319:
2310:
2305:
2303:
2298:
2296:
2291:
2290:
2287:
2277:
2276:
2269:
2267:
2259:
2255:
2249:
2247:
2239:
2235:
2229:
2227:
2225:
2216:
2214:9788849802948
2210:
2206:
2205:
2197:
2189:
2177:
2169:
2167:9786050381207
2163:
2159:
2158:
2150:
2142:
2138:
2132:
2128:
2117:
2116:
2105:
2101:
2091:
2084:
2081:
2078:
2076:
2073:
2072:
2068:
2067:Ettore Sacchi
2064:
2054:
2047:
2044:
2041:
2039:
2036:
2035:
2031:
2030:Ettore Sacchi
2027:
2017:
2010:
2007:
2004:
2002:
1999:
1998:
1994:
1993:Ettore Sacchi
1990:
1985:
1978:
1975:
1972:
1970:
1967:
1966:
1946:
1943:
1939:
1931:
1929:
1925:
1921:
1917:
1916:Radical Party
1913:
1909:
1905:
1901:
1897:
1893:
1889:
1885:
1880:
1878:
1874:
1870:
1866:
1862:
1858:
1854:
1850:
1849:Liberal Union
1846:
1842:
1837:
1835:
1831:
1827:
1823:
1819:
1815:
1814:central Italy
1811:
1807:
1803:
1799:
1795:
1791:
1787:
1783:
1779:
1775:
1771:
1767:
1763:
1762:mayor of Rome
1759:
1755:
1754:Ettore Sacchi
1751:
1741:
1739:
1735:
1731:
1727:
1726:republicanism
1723:
1719:
1715:
1711:
1707:
1703:
1699:
1695:
1691:
1687:
1675:
1670:
1668:
1663:
1661:
1656:
1655:
1653:
1652:
1647:
1642:
1637:
1635:
1625:
1624:
1623:
1622:
1615:
1612:
1610:
1607:
1605:
1602:
1600:
1597:
1596:
1590:
1589:
1582:
1581:United States
1579:
1577:
1574:
1572:
1569:
1567:
1564:
1562:
1559:
1557:
1554:
1552:
1549:
1547:
1544:
1542:
1539:
1537:
1534:
1532:
1529:
1527:
1524:
1523:
1517:
1516:
1509:
1508:Young Ireland
1506:
1504:
1501:
1499:
1496:
1494:
1491:
1489:
1486:
1484:
1481:
1479:
1476:
1474:
1471:
1469:
1466:
1464:
1461:
1459:
1456:
1454:
1451:
1449:
1446:
1444:
1441:
1437:
1434:
1432:
1429:
1427:
1424:
1423:
1421:
1419:
1416:
1414:
1411:
1409:
1408:Reform League
1406:
1404:
1403:Radicals (UK)
1401:
1398:
1396:
1395:Radical Whigs
1393:
1391:
1388:
1384:
1381:
1379:
1376:
1375:
1373:
1371:
1368:
1366:
1363:
1359:
1356:
1354:
1351:
1349:
1346:
1345:
1343:
1341:
1338:
1334:
1331:
1329:
1326:
1325:
1323:
1319:
1316:
1314:
1311:
1309:
1306:
1304:
1301:
1299:
1296:
1295:
1293:
1291:
1288:
1286:
1283:
1281:
1278:
1276:
1273:
1269:
1266:
1264:
1261:
1260:
1258:
1256:
1253:
1251:
1248:
1244:
1241:
1239:
1236:
1234:
1231:
1229:
1226:
1224:
1221:
1220:
1218:
1216:
1213:
1211:
1208:
1204:
1201:
1200:
1199:
1196:
1194:
1191:
1189:
1188:Radical Cause
1186:
1184:
1181:
1177:
1176:United States
1174:
1172:
1169:
1167:
1164:
1163:
1161:
1159:
1156:
1152:
1149:
1148:
1147:
1144:
1142:
1139:
1137:
1134:
1130:
1127:
1125:
1122:
1120:
1117:
1116:
1114:
1112:
1109:
1107:
1104:
1102:
1099:
1097:
1094:
1092:
1089:
1087:
1084:
1082:
1079:
1077:
1074:
1072:
1069:
1067:
1064:
1062:
1059:
1057:
1054:
1052:
1049:
1047:
1044:
1042:
1039:
1037:
1034:
1032:
1029:
1027:
1024:
1022:
1021:Liberal Party
1019:
1017:
1014:
1012:
1011:Left Liberals
1009:
1007:
1004:
1002:
999:
995:
992:
991:
990:
987:
985:
982:
980:
977:
975:
972:
970:
967:
965:
962:
960:
957:
955:
952:
950:
947:
945:
942:
940:
937:
935:
932:
930:
927:
925:
922:
920:
917:
915:
912:
910:
907:
905:
902:
900:
897:
895:
892:
890:
887:
885:
882:
879:
876:
874:
871:
869:
866:
864:
861:
859:
856:
852:
849:
848:
847:
844:
840:
837:
836:
835:
832:
830:
827:
825:
822:
820:
817:
815:
812:
810:
807:
805:
802:
800:
797:
793:
790:
788:
785:
784:
783:
780:
778:
775:
773:
770:
766:
763:
761:
758:
757:
756:
753:
751:
748:
746:
743:
741:
738:
736:
733:
731:
728:
724:
721:
719:
716:
715:
714:Action Party
713:
712:
706:
705:
698:
695:
693:
690:
688:
685:
683:
680:
678:
675:
673:
670:
668:
665:
663:
660:
658:
655:
653:
650:
648:
645:
643:
640:
638:
635:
633:
630:
628:
627:Papanastasiou
625:
623:
620:
618:
615:
613:
610:
608:
605:
603:
600:
598:
597:Mendès France
595:
593:
590:
588:
585:
583:
580:
578:
575:
573:
570:
568:
565:
563:
560:
558:
555:
553:
550:
548:
545:
543:
540:
538:
535:
533:
530:
528:
525:
523:
520:
518:
515:
513:
510:
508:
505:
503:
500:
498:
495:
493:
490:
488:
485:
484:
478:
477:
470:
467:
465:
462:
460:
457:
453:
450:
449:
448:
445:
443:
440:
438:
435:
433:
432:Social change
430:
426:
423:
422:
421:
418:
416:
413:
411:
410:Republicanism
408:
406:
403:
401:
398:
396:
395:Progressivism
393:
389:
386:
385:
384:
381:
379:
376:
374:
371:
367:
364:
363:
362:
359:
355:
352:
351:
350:
347:
345:
342:
340:
337:
335:
332:
330:
327:
325:
322:
320:
317:
315:
312:
310:
307:
305:
302:
300:
297:
295:
292:
291:
285:
284:
277:
274:
272:
269:
267:
264:
262:
259:
255:
252:
250:
247:
246:
245:
242:
240:
237:
236:
230:
229:
226:
223:
222:
218:
214:
213:
203:
200:
198:
195:
193:
190:
189:
186:
183:
177:
173:
169:
166:
162:
159:
156:
154:
150:
147:
144:
142:
138:
134:
131:
127:
124:
121:
117:
114:
111:
107:
93:
89:
75:
71:
68:
64:
63:Ettore Sacchi
61:
57:
53:
48:
36:
31:
24:
16:
3048:
2816:Forza Italia
2641:Civic Choice
2540:
2535:Action Party
2458:Action Party
2274:
2253:
2233:
2203:
2196:
2156:
2149:
2140:
2131:
1912:Action Party
1884:World War II
1881:
1838:
1774:Romolo Murri
1747:
1701:
1697:
1685:
1683:
1431:Spain (1977)
1426:Spain (1934)
1280:Radical Left
1081:New Liberals
994:The Mountain
968:
858:Democrats 66
755:Centre Union
602:Mill (James)
587:Lloyd George
129:Headquarters
15:
2942:(1946–1995)
2936:(1943–1945)
2930:(1921–1943)
2924:(1919–1923)
2918:(1910–1923)
2909:Nationalist
2901:(1995–2009)
2895:(1977–1979)
2889:(1959–1972)
2883:(1954–1959)
2877:(1946–1959)
2871:(1946–1949)
2854:(2019–2022)
2848:(2017–2019)
2842:(2015–2017)
2836:(2013–2017)
2830:(2010–2014)
2824:(2009–2013)
2818:(1994–2009)
2812:(1919–1924)
2790:(1953–1954)
2784:(1922–1994)
2778:(1913–1922)
2761:(1999–2013)
2755:(2005–2009)
2749:(2001–2002)
2743:(1995–2002)
2737:(1994–2002)
2725:(1994–2002)
2719:(1943–1994)
2713:(1919–1926)
2707:(1913–1919)
2701:(1906–1919)
2684:(2011–2013)
2682:Great South
2678:(1995–1996)
2672:(1994–1996)
2666:(1943–1951)
2649:(2015–2018)
2643:(2013–2019)
2637:(2002–2007)
2631:(1993–2003)
2625:(1999–2002)
2619:(1996–2002)
2608:(1998–1999)
2602:(1919–1926)
2596:(1913–1919)
2579:(1991–1999)
2577:The Network
2573:(1993–1997)
2567:(1955–1989)
2555:(1922–1926)
2549:(1913–1919)
2543:(1904–1922)
2537:(1853–1867)
2520:(2017–2023)
2518:Article One
2514:(1998–2007)
2508:(1998–2007)
2502:(1994–1998)
2496:(1947–1998)
2490:(1892–1994)
2484:(1966–1969)
2478:(1949–1951)
2472:(1948–1949)
2466:(1943–1948)
2460:(1929–1947)
2454:(1922–1930)
2448:(1912–1926)
2431:(1990–2021)
2425:(1986–1990)
2419:(1989–1990)
2402:(2010-2016)
2396:(2007–2010)
2390:(1991–1998)
2384:(1964–1972)
2378:(1882–1892)
2372:(1881–1893)
2355:(1998–2014)
2349:(1978–1991)
2343:(1921–1991)
2337:(1972–1984)
2184:|work=
1800:, northern
1576:Switzerland
1203:Radicales K
1171:South Korea
1091:Parti rouge
1046:More Europe
1006:Left Centre
799:Clear Grits
642:Robespierre
582:La Follette
400:Rationalism
170:(1919–1921)
158:Centre-left
3130:Categories
2629:Segni Pact
2123:References
2113:Leadership
1730:secularism
1378:Luxembourg
1318:Luxembourg
1263:Luxembourg
939:GroenLinks
880:(elements)
792:Hébertists
787:Dantonists
782:Cordeliers
750:Blue Party
662:Saint-Just
632:Papandreou
517:Clemenceau
512:Cartwright
420:Secularism
415:Revolution
339:Jacobinism
225:Radicalism
182:Dark green
101:1922-04-26
83:1904-05-27
3082:Clericals
2852:Cambiamo!
2328:Communist
2186:ignored (
2176:cite book
2141:La Stampa
1908:left-wing
1520:By region
677:Venizelos
647:Roosevelt
637:Plastiras
617:Mossadegh
567:Jefferson
537:Garibaldi
378:Modernity
202:Elections
91:Dissolved
2087:12 / 508
2050:62 / 508
2013:48 / 508
1981:37 / 508
1877:Piedmont
1790:Lombardy
1778:Catholic
1768:and the
1561:Paraguay
1526:Bulgaria
1268:Paraguay
1223:Bulgaria
899:Far Left
652:Rosselli
562:Hobhouse
447:Suffrage
383:Populism
266:Chartism
217:a series
215:Part of
141:Ideology
2258:Bologna
2238:Bologna
1963:Leader
1839:In the
1822:Romagna
1784:), and
1744:History
1690:Italian
1593:Related
1566:Romania
1551:Hungary
1541:Ecuador
1536:Denmark
1383:Estonia
1348:Finland
1308:Hungary
1298:Bolivia
1243:Ukraine
1228:Estonia
1166:Belgium
989:Jacobin
682:Virchow
667:Stevens
612:Mommsen
592:Mazzini
577:Leclerc
572:Lacombe
522:Cobbett
502:Bolívar
497:Bentham
492:Atatürk
469:Welfare
425:Laicité
233:History
175:Colours
135:, Italy
99: (
81: (
73:Founded
59:Leaders
3079:
3077:
3068:
3066:
3057:
3055:
3046:
3044:
3035:
3033:
2731:(1998)
2561:(1946)
2211:
2164:
1957:Seats
1951:Votes
1882:After
1826:Venice
1818:Emilia
1812:, and
1806:Friuli
1802:Veneto
1736:, and
1546:France
1463:ROSSEM
1358:Turkey
1353:Norway
1303:France
929:Foxite
709:Groups
692:Wilson
687:Wilkes
672:Varlet
557:Hébert
547:Godwin
542:George
481:People
179:
2410:Green
2045:10.4
1830:Padua
1571:Spain
1556:Italy
1531:Chile
1436:Italy
1313:Italy
1238:Spain
1233:India
622:Paine
552:Green
527:Dewey
507:Bryan
288:Ideas
2209:ISBN
2188:help
2162:ISBN
2082:2.0
2075:1919
2038:1913
2008:9.9
2001:1909
1976:8.4
1969:1904
1960:+/−
1926:and
1828:and
1804:and
1684:The
1333:2018
1328:1863
1129:1990
1124:1919
1119:1881
723:1942
718:1853
657:Roux
487:Alem
133:Rome
1898:'s
1851:of
1776:(a
532:Fox
3132::
2265:^
2245:^
2223:^
2180::
2178:}}
2174:{{
2139:.
2098:50
2061:14
2024:11
1954:%
1808:,
1740:.
1732:,
1728:,
1724:,
1692::
219:on
3008:e
3001:t
2994:v
2308:e
2301:t
2294:v
2278:.
2260:.
2240:.
2217:.
2190:)
2170:.
1987:–
1760:(
1700:(
1688:(
1673:e
1666:t
1659:v
103:)
85:)
32:.
25:.
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