Israeli-occupied territories

3083:

West Bank, Golan Heights and our united capital Jerusalem to be harmed. We will not accept any external diktats about our borders. This matter will only be settled in direct negotiations between the parties." Israel is also concerned that the same policy could extend to settlement produce and goods exported to European markets, as some EU member states are pressing for an EU-wide policy of labelling produce and goods originating in Jewish settlements to allow consumers to make informed choices. A special ministerial panel led by prime minister Netanyahu, decided to approach the EU and demand several key amendments in the guidelines before entering any new projects with the Europeans. A spokesperson for the EU confirmed that further talks would take place between Israel and the EU, stating: "We stand ready to organise discussions during which such clarifications can be provided and look forward to continued successful EU-Israel cooperation, including in the area of scientific cooperation."

6953:

a wide belt of surrounding suburbs, villages and towns. Article 49 of the same convention prohibits the forcible transfer or deportation of residents from an occupied area, regardless of motive. And yet thousands of Palestinians have been expelled (see Lesch, 1979: 113–130, for a partial list of the "officially deported" ones) while many more have been, through measures to be described below, "pressured" to leave. The same Article expressly forbids the transfer by an occupying power of any of its civilian population into occupied areas. And yet, at most recent count, over 90,000 Israeli Jews have been officially "settled" within the illegally annexed Jerusalem district, and more than 30,000 others have been "settled" in some 100 nahals (military forts), villages and even towns that the Israeli government has authorized, planned, financed and built in unannexed zones beyond the 1949 cease-fire line that Israelis refer to not as a border, but euphemistically as a "green line."

2898: 1805:

water sources, and economic effects. Regarding the violation of freedom of Palestinians, in a 2005 report, the United Nations stated that: ...it is difficult to overstate the humanitarian impact of the Barrier. The route inside the West Bank severs communities, people's access to services, livelihoods and religious and cultural amenities. In addition, plans for the Barrier's exact route and crossing points through it are often not fully revealed until days before construction commences. This has led to considerable anxiety among Palestinians about how their future lives will be impacted...The land between the Barrier and the Green Line constitutes some of the most fertile in the West Bank. It is currently the home for 49,400 West Bank Palestinians living in 38 villages and towns.

568: 531: 656: 2988: 604: 2106:, after Egypt's agreement to secure its side of the border. Under the Oslo Accords the Philadelphi Route was to remain under Israeli control to prevent the smuggling of materials (such as ammunition) and people across the border with Egypt. With Egypt agreeing to patrol its side of the border, it was hoped that the objective would be achieved. However, Israel maintained its control over the crossings in and out of Gaza. The Rafah crossing between Egypt and Gaza was monitored by the Israeli army through special surveillance cameras. Official documents such as passports, I.D. cards, export and import papers, and many others had to be approved by the Israeli army. 689: 723: 2110: 491: 2246: 415: 1846: 2483: 2444: 2030: 2426:(yet unpublished, paragraph 3 of the opinion of the Court; hereinafter – The Gaza Coast Regional Council Case). In the center of this public international law stand the Regulations Concerning the Laws and Customs of War on Land, The Hague, 18 October 1907 (hereinafter – The Hague Regulations). These regulations are a reflection of customary international law. The law of belligerent occupation is also laid out in IV Geneva Convention Relative to the Protection of Civilian Persons in Time of War 1949 (hereinafter – the Fourth Geneva Convention). 33: 3100:

due to "sustained abuse by Israel of its position as an occupying power through its annexation and assertion of permanent control over occupied Palestinian territory, and its continued frustration of the right of the Palestinian people to self-determination". The court also stated that Israel should "make reparations for the damage caused to all the people" of such lands, and that Israel also had "an obligation to cease immediately all new settlement activities and to evacuate all settlers" from the West Bank and East Jerusalem.

1670: 1335: 3045:

After Palestine's admission to the United Nations as a non-member state in September 2012, it potentially may have its complaint heard by the International Court. Israel's foreign ministry replied to the report saying that "Counterproductive measures – such as the report before us – will only hamper efforts to find a sustainable solution to the Israel-Palestinian conflict. The human rights council has sadly distinguished itself by its systematically one-sided and biased approach towards Israel."

1854: 449: 2355: 2367: 1005: 1793: 2351:

Convention". They ruled that "Conventional international law does not become part of Israeli law through automatic incorporation, but only if it is adopted or combined with Israeli law by enactment of primary or subsidiary legislation from which it derives its force". However, in the same decision the Court ruled that the Fourth Hague Convention rules governing belligerent occupation did apply, since those were recognized as customary international law.

947: 920: 893: 3062:

explicitly exclude Jewish settlements and Israeli institutions and bodies situated across the pre-1967 Green Line – including the Golan Heights, the West Bank and East Jerusalem. EU grants, funding, prizes or scholarships will only be granted if a settlement exclusion clause is included, forcing the Israeli government to concede in writing that settlements in the occupied territories are outside the state of Israel to secure agreements with the EU.

2591: 1903:, and Israel captured and annexed the western part of Jerusalem . Jordan bilaterally annexed East Jerusalem along with the rest of the West Bank in 1950 as a temporary trustee at the request of a Palestinian delegation, and although the annexation was recognized by only two countries, it was not condemned by the UNSC. The British did not recognize the territory as sovereign to Jordan. Israel captured East Jerusalem from Jordan in the 1967 979: 837: 1274: 1063: 1039: 1021: 992: 907: 880: 3277: 1052: 2479:, has stated that the language of "occupation" has allowed Palestinian spokesmen to obfuscate this history. By repeatedly pointing to "occupation," they manage to reverse the causality of the conflict, especially in front of Western audiences. Thus, the current territorial dispute is allegedly the result of an Israeli decision "to occupy," rather than a result of a war imposed on Israel by a coalition of Arab states in 1967. 966: 934: 850: 824: 3070:

moment Israeli entities enjoy financial support and cooperation with the EU and these guidelines are designed to ensure that this remains the case. At the same time concern has been expressed in Europe that Israeli entities in the occupied territories could benefit from EU support. The purpose of these guidelines is to make a distinction between the State of Israel and the occupied territories when it comes to EU support.

1831:, obtaining broad authority over civilian issues in the West Bank. In June 2023, Israel shortened the procedure of approving settlement construction and gave Finance Minister Smotrich the authority to approve one of the stages, changing the system operating for the last 27 years. In its first six months, construction of 13,000 housing units in settlements, almost triple the amount advanced in the whole of 2022. 862: 2440:

territory of a High Contracting Party, and therefore do not apply since Jordan never exercised sovereignty over the region. However, that interpretation is not shared by the international community. The application of Geneva Convention to Occupied Palestinian Territories was further upheld by International Court of Justice, UN General Assembly, UN Security Council and the Israeli Supreme Court.

4468: 1482: 2292:, has asserted that "As noted in Article 27 of the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties, 'a party may not invoke the provisions of its internal law as justification for its failure to perform a treaty'. As such, Israeli reliance on local law does not justify its violations of its international legal obligations". Further, the Palestinian mission to the U.N. has argued that: 3606:. ... 'For 45 years, different compositions of the High Court of Justice stated again and again that international law applies to the West Bank, which is clearly opposed to Levy's findings. This is a colossal turnaround, which I do not think is within his authority. He can tell the government that he recommends changing legal status, and that's all,' said Sasson. 1789:

belligerent occupation, since 1967. The court also held that the normative provisions of public international law regarding belligerent occupation are applicable. The Regulations Concerning the Laws and Customs of War on Land, The Hague of 1907 and the Fourth Geneva Convention Relative to the Protection of Civilian Persons in Time of War 1949 were both cited.

2297:

refrain from acts which would defeat the object and purposes of a treaty when it has undertaken an act expressing its consent thereto." The Treaty, which is substantially a codification of customary international law, also provides that a State "may not invoke the provisions of its internal law as justification for its failure to perform a treaty" (Art. 27).

3012:

decisions by the government of Israel. The EU reiterates that it will not recognize any changes to the pre-1967 borders including with regard to Jerusalem, other than those agreed by the parties." The report by all EU foreign ministers also criticized the Israeli government's failure to dismantle settler outposts illegal even under domestic Israeli law."

3008:

The Court also concluded that the Israeli settlements in the Occupied Palestinian Territory (including East Jerusalem) have been established "in breach of international law" and that all the States parties to the Geneva Convention are under an obligation to ensure compliance by Israel with international law as embodied in the Convention.

2506:

territories contravenes the explicit provisions of the Fourth Geneva Convention." Moshe Dayan authored a secret memo in 1968 proposing massive settlement in the territories which said "Settling Israelis in administered territory, as is known, contravenes international conventions, but there is nothing essentially new about that."

2422:

international law regarding belligerent occupation. The legal meaning of this view is twofold: first, Israeli law does not apply in these areas. They have not been "annexed" to Israel. Second, the legal regime which applies in these areas is determined by public international law regarding belligerent occupation (see HCJ 1661/05

1769:, separating Israel and several of its settlements, as well as a significant number of Palestinians, from the remainder of the West Bank. State of Israel cabinet approved a route to construct separation barrier whose total length will be approximately 760 km (472 mi) built mainly in the West Bank and partly along the 1237:. As required by the treaty, Israel evacuated Israeli military installations and civilian settlements prior to the establishment of "normal and friendly relations" between it and Egypt. Israel dismantled eighteen settlements, two air force bases, a naval base, and other installations by 1982, including the only 6952:

annexations, expulsions and the creation of settlements are specifically prohibited by international law. The Fourth Geneva Convention, in Article 47, proscribes the annexation of occupied territory, and the United Nations has repeatedly condemned Israel's precipitous annexation of East Jerusalem and

5063:

In December 1948, at a conference which took place in Jericho, a group of hand-picked leaders of Palestinian Arabs resolved to ask King Abdullah of Transjordan to incorporate the Arab parts of Palestine into his kingdom. The General Armistice Agreement of 3 April 1949 constituted de facto recognition

3044:

forbidding transferring civilians of the occupying nation into occupied territory. It held that the settlements are "leading to a creeping annexation that prevents the establishment of a contiguous and viable Palestinian state and undermines the right of the Palestinian people to self-determination."

2549:

has dismissed the position that they are not occupied as being "based on dubious legal grounds, considering that the Fourth Geneva Convention does not make its applicability conditional on recognition of titles". Many Israeli government websites do refer to the areas as being "occupied territories".

2453:

In the cases before the Israeli High Court of Justice the government has agreed that the military commander's authority is anchored in the Fourth Geneva Convention Relative to the Protection of Civilian Persons in Time of War, and that the humanitarian rules of the Fourth Geneva Convention apply. The

3099:

The International Court of Justice delivered a landmark advisory opinion in July 2024 that Israel's occupation of West Bank, East Jerusalem and the Gaza Strip was illegal, and that this "unlawful presence" should be ended "as rapidly as possible". The court found that Israel's occupation was illegal

2889:

ruled that portions of the Geneva Conventions of 1949 merely declare existing customary international law. In 1993, the UN Security Council adopted a binding Chapter VII resolution establishing an International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia. The resolution approved a Statute which said

2397:

had been an after-thought in planning portions of the Elon Moreh settlement. That situation did not fulfill the precise strictures laid down in the articles of the Hague Convention, so the Court ruled the requisition order had been invalid and illegal. In recent decades, the government of Israel has

2296:

it is of no relevance whether a State has a monist or a dualist approach to the incorporation of international law into domestic law. A position dependent upon such considerations contradicts Article 18 of the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties of 1969 which states that: "a state is obliged to

1241:

resources under Israeli control. The evacuation of the civilian population, which took place in 1982, was done forcefully in some instances, such as the evacuation of Yamit. The settlements were demolished, as it was feared that settlers might try to return to their homes after the evacuation. Since

4241:

released a series of controversial articles which revealed that key Israeli figures were aware of considerable danger that an attack was likely, including Golda Meir and Moshe Dayan, but had decided not to act. The two journalists leading the investigation, Ronen Bergman and Gil Meltzer, later went

2505:

was the Israeli government's expert on international law. On September 16, 1967, Meron wrote a top secret memo to Mr. Adi Yafeh, Political Secretary of the Prime Minister regarding "Settlement in the Administered Territories" which said "My conclusion is that civilian settlement in the Administered

2439:

applied to the recently occupied territories, but this order was rescinded a few months later. For a number of years, Israel argued on various grounds that the Geneva Conventions do not apply. One is the Missing Reversioner theory which argued that the Geneva Conventions apply only to the sovereign

2092:

from the Gaza Strip. The plan began to be implemented on 15 August 2005, and was completed on 12 September 2005. Under the plan, all Israeli settlements in the Gaza Strip (and four in the West Bank) and the joint Israeli-Palestinian Erez Industrial Zone were dismantled with the removal of all 9,000

3082:

The move was described as an "earthquake" by an Israeli official who wished to remain anonymous, and prompted harsh criticism by prime minister Benjamin Netanyahu who said in a broadcast statement: "As prime minister of Israel, I will not allow the hundreds of thousands of Israelis who live in the

3007:

In 2004 the International Court of Justice, in an advisory, non-binding opinion, noted that the Security Council had described Israel's policy and practices of settling parts of its population and new immigrants in the occupied territories as a "flagrant violation" of the Fourth Geneva Convention.

2945:

on human rights in the Palestinian territories occupied since 1967, in his 2017 report to the UN General Assembly has opined that the occupation itself has become illegal and has recommended that a UN study be commissioned to determine this and to consider asking the International Court of Justice

2929:

raised a number of exceptions and objections, but the Court found them unpersuasive. The Court ruled that territories had been occupied by the Israeli armed forces in 1967, during the conflict between Israel and Jordan, and that subsequent events in those territories, had done nothing to alter the

2873:

The international community has formally entrusted the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) with the role of guardian of international humanitarian law. That includes a watchdog function by which it takes direct action to encourage parties to armed conflict to comply with international

2571:

comes to the conclusion that Israel's presence in the West Bank is not an occupation in the legal sense, and that the Israeli settlements in those territories do not contravene international law. The report has met with both approval and harsh criticism in Israel and outside. As of July 2013, the

1804:

About 500,000 Israeli settlers live in the West Bank and another 200,000 live in East Jerusalem. The barrier has many effects on Palestinians including reduced freedoms, road closures, loss of land, increased difficulty in accessing medical and educational services in Israel, restricted access to

1788:

stating that it is "essential to the Palestinian nation in order to foster its national identity and independence without being dependent on the State of Israel". The Israeli Supreme Court, sitting as the High Court of Justice, stated that Israel has been holding the areas of Judea and Samaria in

3061:

issued guidelines for the 2014 to 2020 financial framework covering all areas of co-operation between the EU and Israel, including economics, science, culture, sports and academia but excluding trade on 30 June 2013. According to the directive all future agreements between the EU and Israel must

2350:

of 1907 were customary law that had been recognized by all civilized nations. In the past, the Supreme Court has argued that the Geneva Convention insofar it is not supported by domestic legislation "does not bind this Court, its enforcement being a matter for the states which are parties to the

7039:

The settlements program is quite simply contrary to international law. However, it is now so far advanced, and so plainly in violation of the Geneva Convention, that it actually creates a powerful reason for Israel's continuing refusal to accept that the Convention is applicable in the occupied

3069:

the guidelines are...in conformity with the EU's longstanding position that Israeli settlements are illegal under international law and with the non-recognition by the EU of Israel's sovereignty over the occupied territories, irrespective of their legal status under domestic Israeli law. At the

2421:

The Judea and Samaria Area is held by the State of Israel in belligerent occupation. The long arm of the state in the area is the military commander. He is not the sovereign in the territory held in belligerent occupation (see The Beit Sourik Case, at p. 832). His power is granted him by public

3035:

On January 31, 2012, the United Nations independent "International Fact-Finding Mission on Israeli Settlements in the Occupied Palestinian Territory" filed a report stating that Israeli settlement led to a multitude of violations of Palestinian human rights and that if Israel did not stop all

3027:

decided in March 2012 to establish a panel charged with investigating "the implications of the Israeli settlements on the civil, political, economic, social and cultural rights of the Palestinian people throughout the Occupied Palestinian Territory, including East Jerusalem." In reaction the

3011:

In May 2012 the 27 ministers of foreign affairs of the European Union published a report strongly denouncing policies of the State of Israel in the West Bank and finding that settlements in the West Bank are illegal: "settlements remain illegal under international law, irrespective of recent

3003:

In 2000, the editors of the Geneva Academy of International Humanitarian Law and Human Rights Palestine Yearbook of International Law (1998–1999) said "the "transfer, directly or indirectly, by the Occupying Power of parts of its own civilian population into the territory it occupies, or the

3074:

The guidelines do not apply to any Palestinian body in the West Bank or East Jerusalem, and they do not affect agreements between the EU and the PLO or the Palestinian Authority, nor do they apply to Israeli government ministries or national agencies, to private individuals, to human rights

2097:

settlement area in the Strip's southwest) and military bases. Some settlers resisted the order, and were forcibly removed by the IDF. On 12 September 2005 the Israeli cabinet formally declared an end to Israeli military occupation of the Gaza Strip. To avoid allegations that it was still in

1521:

of 1973, Syria attempted to recapture the Golan Heights militarily, but the attempt was unsuccessful. Israel and Syria signed a ceasefire agreement in 1974 that left almost all the Heights under Israeli control, while returning a narrow demilitarized zone to Syrian control. A United Nations

1509:

of 22 November 1967, which called for the return of Israeli-occupied State territories in exchange for peaceful relations. Israel had accepted Resolution 242 in a speech to the Security Council on 1 May 1968. In March 1972, Syria "conditionally" accepted Resolution 242, and in May 1974, the

2214:

was agreed in June 2008, but it was broken several times by both Israel and Hamas. As it reached its expiry, Hamas announced that they were unwilling to renew the ceasefire without improving the terms. At the end of December 2008 Israeli forces began Operation Cast Lead, launching the

5449: 1591:. Syria and Lebanon have claimed that the farms belong to Lebanon and in 2007 a UN cartographer came to the conclusion that the Shebaa farms do actually belong to Lebanon (contrary to the belief held by Israel). UN then said that Israel should relinquish the control of this area. 1983:

East Jerusalem residents are increasingly becoming integrated into Israeli society, in terms of education, citizenship, national service and in other aspects. Recent surveys show that, if given the option of having East Jerusalem transferred today from Israeli rule to the

1549:, which declared it as "null and void and without international legal effect", and consequently continuing to regard the Golan Heights as Israeli-occupied territory. The measure has also been criticized by other countries, either as illegal or as not being helpful to the 7268:

Report of the independent international fact-finding mission to investigate the implications of the Israeli settlements on the civil, political, economic, social and cultural rights of the Palestinian people throughout the Occupied Palestinian Territory, including East

2501:, disputing these views, has written that the Israeli government knew at the outset that it was violating the Geneva Convention by creating civilian settlements in the territories under IDF administration. He explained that as the legal counsel of the Foreign Ministry, 1784:. It claimed that "Israel cannot rely on a right of self-defence or on a state of necessity in order to preclude the wrongfulness of the construction of the wall". However, Israel government derived its justification for constructing this barrier with Prime Minister 4738: 3472: 3090:

welcomed the guidelines, saying: "The EU has moved from the level of statements, declarations and denunciations to effective policy decisions and concrete steps, which constitute a qualitative shift that will have a positive impact on the chances of peace."

5468: 4081: 3004:

deportation or transfer of all or parts of the population of the occupied territory within or outside this territory" amounts to a war crime. They hold that this is obviously applicable to Israeli settlement activities in the Occupied Arab Territories."

1640:

Jordan occupied the West Bank, including East Jerusalem, from 1948 to 1967, annexing it in 1950 and granting Jordanian citizenship to the residents in 1954 (the annexation claims and citizenship grants were rescinded in 1988 when Jordan acknowledged the

5510:

Because of the continuing controls Israel exercises over the lives and welfare of Gaza's inhabitants, Israel remains an occupying power under international humanitarian law, despite withdrawing its military forces and settlements from the territory in

4899: 3272: 2454:

Israeli Ministry of Foreign Affairs says that the Supreme Court of Israel has ruled that the Fourth Geneva Convention and certain parts of Additional Protocol I reflect customary international law that is applicable in the occupied territories.

1930:

UN Security Council Resolution 478 also called upon countries which held their diplomatic delegations to Israel in Jerusalem, to move them outside the city. Most nations with embassies in Jerusalem complied, and relocated their embassies to

6260: 1459:, promised that within a year all Israeli forces would withdraw from Lebanon. When negotiation efforts failed between Israel and Syria—the goal of the negotiations was to bring a peace agreement between Israel and Lebanon as well, due to 4030: 6396: 2345:

held that the fundamental rules of international law accepted as binding by all "civilized" nations were incorporated in the domestic legal system of Israel. The Nuremberg Military Tribunal determined that the articles annexed to the

3602:'If the Levy Committee is pushing the government to determine that Israel's presence in the West Bank does not violate international law, Israel is in a dangerous position facing the rest of the world,' said Sasson this morning to 2550:

According to the BBC, "Israel argues that the international conventions relating to occupied land do not apply to the Palestinian territories because they were not under the legitimate sovereignty of any state in the first place."

1988:, most East Jerusalem Palestinians would oppose the proposal. According to Middle East expert David Pollock, in the hypothesis that a final agreement was reached between Israel and the Palestinians with the establishment of a 5235: 3057:(EU) foreign ministers in December 2012 stating that "all agreements between the state of Israel and the EU must unequivocally and explicitly indicate their inapplicability to the territories occupied by Israel in 1967", the 3972: 4730: 3462: 2918: 2890:

that the problem of adherence of some but not all States to the Geneva Conventions does not arise, since beyond any doubt the Convention is declarative of customary international law. The subsequent interpretation of the

2222:

In January 2012, the spokesperson for the UN Secretary General stated that under resolutions of the Security Council and the General Assembly, the UN still regards Gaza to be a part of the Occupied Palestinian Territory.

2148:

continues to consider Israel to be the occupying power of the Gaza Strip as Israel controls the Gaza Strip's airspace and territorial waters as well as the movement of people or goods in or out of Gaza by air or sea.

2128:

stated in January, 2008: "Israel got out of Gaza. It dismantled its settlements there. No Israeli soldiers were left there after the disengagement." Israel also notes that Gaza does not belong to any sovereign state.

2925:, territory is considered occupied when it is actually placed under the authority of the hostile army, and the occupation extends only to the territory where such authority has been established and can be exercised. 1963:

in 1995, stating that "Jerusalem should be recognized as the capital of the State of Israel; and the United States Embassy in Israel should be established in Jerusalem no later than May 31, 1999." As a result of the

4992: 1575:

In 2004, there were 34 settlements in the Golan Heights, populated by around 18,000 people. Today, an estimated 20,000 Israeli settlers and 20,000 Syrians live in the territory. All inhabitants are entitled to

4446:

Letter dated 31 August 1949, addressed to the Chairman of the Conciliation Commission by Mr. Reuven Shiloah, Head of the Delegation of Israel, containing Replies to the Commission's Questionnaire of 15 August 1949

2874:

humanitarian law. The head of the International Red Cross delegation to Israel and the Occupied Territories stated that the establishment of Israeli settlements in the occupied territories is a grave breach of the

1926:

declared this action to be "null and void", and that it "must be rescinded forthwith". The international community does not recognize Israeli sovereignty over East Jerusalem and considers it an occupied territory.

7206: 2946:

for an advisory opinion. The general thrust of international law scholarship addressing this question has concluded that, regardless of whether it was initially legal, the occupation has become illegal over time.

7139: 4073: 2534: 6631:"Basic Law: Jerusalem, Capital of Israel (Unofficial translation) Passed by the Knesset on the 17th Av, 5740 (30th July, 1980) and published in Sefer Ha-Chukkim No. 980 of the 23rd Av, 5740 (5th August, 1980)" 4960: 2184: 7412:"Guidelines on the eligibility of Israeli entities and their activities in the territories occupied by Israel since June 1967 for grants, prizes and financial instruments funded by the EU from 2014 onwards" 6990:

Article 49 has been interpreted as prohibiting both forced deportations of Palestinians and population transfers of the sort associated with the establishment and continuous expansion of Israeli settlements

4891: 3620: 2317:

The question is important given if the status of "occupied territories" has a bearing on the legal duties and rights of Israel toward those. Hence it has been discussed in various forums including the UN.

5266: 3589: 7458: 2329:, Jordan's prior illegal occupation and initiation of the 1967 war, and security needs due to its small borders and hostile neighbors. Israel states that the territories' final status should be decided 2256:

map showing East Jerusalem, the Green Line and Jerusalem's city limits which were unilaterally expanded by Israel, 28 June 1967, annexed by Knesset (30 July 1980), and modified and expanded in February

1907:. On June 27, Israel extended its laws, jurisdiction, and administration to East Jerusalem and several nearby towns and villages, and incorporated the area into the Jerusalem Municipality. In 1980, the 1398:(transformed from Free Lebanon Army), until the year 2000. Israel's stated purpose for the Security Belt was to create a space separating its northern border towns from terrorists residing in Lebanon. 7115: 6257: 3561: 5348: 4472: 4022: 6388: 3912:

Articles 85, 88, and 89 of Protocol Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949, and relating to the Protection of Victims of International Armed Conflicts (Protocol I), 8 June 1977

1444:, which was the capital of the security belt. Residents remaining in the security zone had many contacts with Israel, many of whom have worked there and received various services from Israel. 6109: 5841: 5383: 4451: 4298: 6682: 5932: 3823: 2800: 2789: 5465: 3339: 3015:

Israel denies that the Israeli settlements are in breach of any international laws. The Israeli Supreme Court has yet to rule decisively on settlement legality under the Geneva Convention.

5970: 4929: 1463:

until 2005—Barak led the withdrawal of the IDF to the Israeli border on 24 May 2000. No soldiers were killed or wounded during the redeployment to the internationally recognized border of

5793: 4182: 1233:

into a city with a population of 200,000, though the actual population of Yamit did not exceed 3,000. The Sinai Peninsula was returned to Egypt in stages beginning in 1979 as part of the

3394: 4679: 2071: 1739: 4841: 1858: 5225: 6768:'Letter dated 29 January 2004 from the Deputy Director General and Legal Advisor of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, together with the Written Statement of the Government of Israel' 4426: 3962: 6162: 6370: 5023: 2906: 1424:

The strip was a few kilometers wide, and consisted of about 10% of the total territory of Lebanon, which housed about 150,000 people who lived in 67 villages and towns made up of

6135: 7671: 4708: 7271: 7552: 5675: 4780: 3398: 5583: 4400: 3656: 4982: 2514: 1968:, official U.S. documents and web sites refer to Jerusalem as the capital of Israel. Until May 2018, the law had never been implemented, because successive U.S. Presidents 7203: 7089: 6427: 3366: 284:

for the territories. The ICJ in 2024 ruled that Israel's occupation was illegal and called for Israel to end its "unlawful presence … as rapidly as possible" and to make

7358: 2121:

The Israeli position is that it no longer occupies Gaza, as Israel does not exercise effective control or authority over any land or institutions inside the Gaza Strip.

399: 7131: 2132:

Immediately after Israel withdrew in 2005, Palestinian Authority President Mahmoud Abbas stated, "the legal status of the areas slated for evacuation has not changed."

1645:(PLO) as the sole representative of the Palestinian people). Egypt administered the Gaza Strip from 1948 to 1967 but did not annex it or make Gazans Egyptian citizens. 234:, respectively. The Israeli occupation of the Palestinian territories and the Golan Heights, where Israel had transferred its parts of population there and built large 7588: 7250: 6751: 4952: 7423: 6711: 3801: 6552: 2307: 6018:

International Law – Administered Territories – Rights and Duties of Occupying Power – Registration and Taxation – Articles 43 and 49 of the Hague Regulations, 1907

4605: 4198:"Upon completion of the interim withdrawal provided for in Annex I, the parties will establish normal and friendly relations, in accordance with Article III (3)." 3129: 2046: 214: 3776: 3617: 3422:

Strongly deplores the continued refusal of Israel, the occupying Power, to comply with the relevant resolutions of the Security Council and the General Assembly;

5258: 3533: 1758:

and reinstated full military administration in various parts of the two territories. On July 31, 1988, Jordan renounced its claims to the West Bank for the PLO.

7447: 6598: 5064:

of that incorporation; however, it was specifically designed as a military agreement which did not prejudice the political positions of the contracting parties.

3579: 2475:

since the Convention "is based on the assumption that there had been a sovereign who was ousted and that he had been a legitimate sovereign." Israeli diplomat,

3032:

and boycotted the UN Human Rights Commission. The U.S. government acceded to the Israeli government demand to attempt to thwart the formation of such a panel.

5764: 4870: 7225: 3498: 3233:. Israel transferred the islands to Egypt as part of its withdrawal from the Sinai Peninsula and, subsequently, in 2017 Egypt transferred the two islands to 3207: 2234:

on Israel from the Gaza Strip. On 9 October 2023, following the beginning of the Israel–Hamas war and attacks in Israel by Hamas militants, Israel imposed a

7112: 65: 6189: 4107: 3556: 6093: 3109: 2203: 2153: 1720: 1511: 6660: 5340: 2785:

to describe Israeli-occupied territories is "the Arab territories occupied since 1967, including Jerusalem", which is used, for example, in Resolutions

4281: 4499:

Lutfiyya, Abdulla M., Baytin: A Jordanian Village. A Study of Social Institutions and Social Change in a Folk Community, Walter de Gruyter, 1966, p.14

304:

have preferred the term "disputed territories" in the case of the West Bank, and Israel likewise maintains that the West Bank is disputed territory.

6618: 5869: 7514: 6113: 5845: 5373: 4448: 4302: 2797: 2786: 2063:

Between 1967 and 1993, the Gaza Strip was under Israeli military administration. In March 1979, Egypt renounced all claims to the Gaza Strip in the

6686: 5922: 3827: 3684: 2389:

case that the area in question was under occupation and that accordingly only the military commander of the area may requisition land according to

2267: 37: 6450: 6054: 6020: 5606: 4806: 4776: 3332: 1378:. Later, Israel withdrew from parts of the occupied area between 1983 and 1985, but remained in partial control of the border region known as the 6351: 5954: 5497: 4921: 4179: 2967: 2947: 2938: 2271: 2235: 392: 17: 5815: 5785: 5705: 5653: 2842:

also declared the annexation of the Golan "null and void". Following withdrawal by Israel from the Sinai Peninsula in 1982, as part of the 1979

4584: 3660: 3402: 2839: 2835: 1580:, which would entitle them to an Israeli driver's license and enable them to travel freely in Israel. The non-Jewish residents, who are mostly 1506: 677:

was created to provide a Palestinian interim self-government in the West Bank and the interior of the Gaza Strip. Its second phase envisioned "

4671: 3874: 425:

Three proposals for the post World War I administration of Palestine. The red line is the "International Administration" proposed in the 1916

7634: 7389: 7332: 5047: 4833: 2958:, that the occupation itself is an illegal regime "of alien subjugation, domination and exploitation", or some combination of these factors. 1747: 1295: 6573: 6550:"Annexe 2—Conference of High Contracting Parties to the Fourth Geneva Convention: statement by the International Committee of the Red Cross" 6500: 4362: 3939: 3296: 2199: 175: 6479: 6339:

See Yoram Dinstein, 'The International Law of Belligerent Occupation and Human Rights', 8 Israeli Yearbook on Human Rights 104, 107 (1978)

4423: 2179:

applied to Israel "in regard to the obligations of an Occupying Power and in the requirements of the laws of war." In a 2009 interview on

6852: 6166: 2897: 2038: 1873: 1685: 502: 6826: 6634: 6367: 5015: 4526: 2971: 7204:

http://www.haaretz.com/news/diplomacy-defense/u-s-pressing-un-human-rights-commissioner-to-put-off-west-bank-settlements-probe-1.427744

6730: 6139: 4639: 2008: 1980:

exercised the law's presidential waiver, citing national security interests. On 14 May 2018, the U.S. opened its Embassy in Jerusalem.

1402: 1391: 1259: 385: 311:

in 2005. The UN and a number of human rights organizations continue to consider Israel as the occupying power of the Gaza Strip due to

121: 5630: 5144: 4777:"Palestine question/Mideast situation – Compilation of resolutions and decisions adopted in 2003 (English and French) (23 April 2004)" 4760: 4700: 2572:

report was not brought before the Israeli cabinet or any parliamentary or governmental body which would have the power to approve it.

7692: 6905: 6525: 6073: 5177: 4053: 3725: 2089: 1208: 789: 549: 203: 154: 7613:

Legal consequences arising from the policies and practices of Israel in the occupied Palestinian territory, including East Jerusalem

7267: 7266:

Human Rights Council Twenty-second session, Agenda item 7, Human rights situation in Palestine and other occupied Arab territories,

5544: 5316: 3751: 281: 5525: 5095: 3882: 3858: 2812: 1728: 58: 5580: 4552: 4397: 3896: 3850: 1816:. On June 9, 2020, the Israeli Supreme Court struck down the law as "infringing on the property rights of Palestinian residents." 374:. In 2015, over 800,000 Israelis resided outside the 1949 Armistice Lines, constituting nearly 13% of Israel's Jewish population. 5734: 2052:

Between 1948 and 1967, the Gaza Strip was under Egyptian military administration, being officially under the jurisdiction of the

1414: 90: 7642: 6236: 6209: 4230: 3718:"Israel/Occupied Palestinian Territories: The conflict in Gaza: A briefing on applicable law, investigations and accountability" 3086:

Palestinians and their supporters hailed the EU directive as a significant political and economic sanction against settlements.

2980:

is held to constitute a transfer of Israel's civilian population into the occupied territories and as such is illegal under the

2417:, the Court determined that "Judea and Samaria" and the Gaza area are lands seized during warfare, and are not part of Israel: 7542: 7087: 6419: 3915: 3370: 3134: 3036:

settlement activity immediately and begin withdrawing all settlers from the West Bank, it potentially might face a case at the

3024: 2157: 1263: 795: 708: 434: 149: 7354: 6770: 5399: 4572:"Israel High Court Ruling Docket H.C.J. 7957/04: International Legality of the Security Fence and Sections near Alfei Menashe" 7687: 7661: 7612: 7174: 7076: 6315: 5118: 4520: 4341: 4262: 4250: 4211: 4168: 3435: 3119: 2530: 2330: 1689: 1550: 581: 224: 109: 7574: 7491: 7247: 2156:

maintains an office on "Occupied Palestinian Territory", which concerns itself with the Gaza Strip. In his statement on the

1773:, or "Green Line" between Israel and Palestinian West Bank. 12% of the West Bank area is on the Israel side of the barrier. 7135: 6748: 5476: 3797: 3029: 126: 7411: 6708: 5259:"The desire of eastern Jerusalem Arabs to integrate in Israeli society outweighs the threats of the Palestinian Authority" 3999: 2526: 1505:. A ceasefire was signed on 11 June 1967 and the Golan Heights came under Israeli military administration. Syria rejected 6549: 5591: 5453: 5434: 5201: 4381: 4135: 2743: 2727: 2326: 2289: 1862: 1820: 1654: 297: 104: 51: 7113:

http://www.haaretz.com/news/diplomacy-defense/eu-israel-s-policies-in-the-west-bank-endanger-two-state-solution-1.430421

4807:"Humanitarian impact of the West Bank barrier on Palestinian communities (June 2007) – OCHA/UNRWA report (30 July 2007)" 4609: 3872:

Commentary on Part III : Status and treatment of protected persons #Section III : Occupied territories Art. 47

3271:

Since the occupation began in 1967, Israel applied its laws on Israeli citizens living in the West Bank with successive

567: 336: 6568: 5927: 5397:

Summary of the Advisory Opinion: Legal Consequences of the Construction of a Wall in the Occupied Palestinian Territory

3772: 2808: 2402:

that its authority in the territories is based on the international law of "belligerent occupation", in particular the

2122: 1923: 1823:

under Benjamin Netanyahu approved the legalization of nine illegal settler outposts in the West Bank. Finance Minister

1546: 1523: 7294: 6849:"Report of the Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights in the Palestinian territories occupied since 1967" 5842:"Israel's Belligerent Occupation of the Palestinian Territory, including Jerusalem and International Humanitarian Law" 3525: 2684:, Abraham's grandson. A literal reading of the text suggests that the land promise is (or was at one time) one of the 366:

in these territories are in breach of Israel's obligations as an occupying power and constitute a grave breach of the

6590: 5066: 3463:"International Court of Justice calls on Israel to end occupation of Palestinian territories 'as rapidly as possible" 2951: 2942: 2403: 2164: 1724: 1642: 1321: 639: 541: 340: 3395:"Israeli settlements in the Occupied Palestinian Territory, including East Jerusalem, and the occupied Syrian Golan" 1303: 6284:. Jerusalem Center for Public Affairs (Israeli Security, Regional Diplomacy, and International Law). Archived from 5994: 5756: 4862: 2004: 1600: 355:, the resolution of specific conditions outlined in a peace treaty, or the formation of a new civilian government. 7222: 5426: 5295: 3187: 2934: 2782: 2231: 2211: 1920: 1876:

had contemplated that all of Jerusalem would be an international city within an international area that included

1538: 1194: 700: 308: 277: 273: 170: 6327:

See Israeli State Archives 153.8/7920/7A, Document 60, dated October 15, 1968, cited on page 173 of Gorenberg's

5581:

Statement by Prof. Richard Falk, United Nations Special Rapporteur for Human Rights in the Occupied Territories

5407: 4486: 4103: 3191: 2891: 2886: 2855: 2491: 2176: 2082: 2075: 1985: 1777: 1299: 1009: 674: 269: 97: 7625: 6281: 3639: 2691:

The definition of the limits of this territory varies between biblical passages, some of the main ones being:

530: 6656: 5369: 2987: 2843: 2382: 2145: 2064: 1448: 1409:

and later as an allied militia. Notably, the South Lebanon Army controlled the prison in Khiam. In addition,

1234: 1156: 250: 7355:"Statement by the Delegation of the European Union to the State of Israel on the European Commission Notice" 5054:. Session 12-11 Date: May 1950. Council approved plan to consider Jordan the "trustee" of Eastern Palestine. 5866: 4804:

Introduction, The Humanitarian Impact of the West Bank Barrier on Palestinian Communities, United Nations.

3037: 1828: 1460: 1056: 510: 324: 262: 246: 239: 5886: 5701: 5679: 4581: 3291:

Over the years Israel had several plans to annex portions of the territory. The first plan was called the

2648:

The Jewish religious belief that the area is a God-given inheritance of the Jewish people is based on the

2406:. The court has confirmed this interpretation many times, for example in its 2004 and 2005 rulings on the 1872:

has created additional issues in relation to the question of whether or not it is occupied territory. The

1533:, extending Israeli administration and law to the territory. Israel has expressly avoided using the term " 655: 3692: 3124: 2250: 1418: 6789:"Using the Master's Tools to Dismantle the Master's House: International Law and Palestinian Liberation" 4784: 2594:

Map showing an interpretation of the borders of the Land of Israel, based on scriptural verses found in

1992:, 48% of East Jerusalem Arabs would prefer being citizens of Israel, while 42% of them would prefer the 1522:

observation force was established in 1974 as a buffer between the sides. By Syrian formal acceptance of

6454: 6090: 6051: 6017: 5603: 4810: 3183: 1561: 1088: 603: 430: 312: 253:, Israel effectively annexed the Golan Heights and East Jerusalem in 1980, and brought the rest of the 131: 6348: 5489: 5424:

JCPA Legal Acrobatics: The Palestinian Claim that Gaza is Still "Occupied" Even After Israel Withdraws

4023:"HUSSEIN SURRENDERS CLAIMS ON WEST BANK TO THE P.L.O.; U.S. PEACE PLAN IN JEOPARDY; Internal Tensions" 3870:

Convention (IV) relative to the Protection of Civilian Persons in Time of War. Geneva, 12 August 1949.

722: 544:

as of 1947 in blue, constituting 7.4% of the total land area, of which more than half was held by the

6709:

Military and Paramilitary Activities in and against Nicaragua (Nicaragua v. United States of America)

5819: 5650: 5563: 5561:

Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs office on Occupied Palestinian Territory web site

2826:) has not been recognized by any other country, and the annexation of the Golan Heights in 1981 (see 2467:

applicability of the 1949 Fourth Geneva Convention regarding occupied territories to the case of the

2447: 2407: 2109: 2042: 1888: 1770: 1762: 1743: 1697: 1692:

after the 1948 war. In April 1950, Jordan annexed the West Bank, but this was recognized only by the

1634: 1565: 1526:, which set out the cease-fire at the end of the Yom Kippur War, Syria also accepted Resolution 242. 688: 589: 585: 506: 426: 2866:

consider East Jerusalem to be part of the West Bank and occupied by Israel; Israel considers all of

2245: 7202:, 3 May 2012, "U.S. Pressing UN Human Rights Commissioner to Put Off West Bank Settlements Probe," 6876:"Negotiating the Illegal: On the United Nations and the Illegal Occupation of Palestine, 1967–2020" 5604:

A Debate on Israel's Invasion of Gaza: UNRWA's Christopher Gunness v. Israel Project's Meagan Buren

5091: 3871: 2981: 2816: 2542: 2053: 1732: 1452: 1284: 704: 344: 7667: 7639:"Security for Peace: Israel's Minimal Security Requirements in Negotiations with the Palestinians" 7381: 7324: 5044: 4512:

The ABC of the OPT: A Legal Lexicon of the Israeli Control over the Occupied Palestinian Territory

2563:, published in July 2012, a three-member committee headed by former Israeli Supreme Court justice 1225:. It established settlements along the Gulf of Aqaba and in the northeast portion, just below the 490: 6504: 5900: 3247: 2399: 2342: 2187:(UNRWA) contends that Israel is an occupying power. However, Meagan Buren, senior adviser to the 2172: 1630: 1604: 1401:

During the stay in the security belt, the IDF held many positions and supported the SLA. The SLA

1288: 712: 414: 359: 293: 191: 6571: 4359: 3931: 3299:

was to annex 60% of the territory by July 2020. None of the annexation plans were ever executed.

3173:

was returned in 1989 in a separate arrangement allowing Israelis to travel there free of charge.

1707:

In 1967, the West Bank came under Israeli military administration. Israel retained the mukhtar (

7002: 6475: 2216: 1956: 1845: 1664: 1363: 1119: 631: 358:

Israel disputes whether, and if so to what extent, it is an occupying power in relation to the

6848: 6630: 6039: 5226:"A surprising process of 'Israelization' is taking place among Palestinians in East Jerusalem" 5110:

The right to conquest: the acquisition of territory by force in international law and practice

5108: 4201: 3425: 1935:

or other Israeli cities prior to the adoption of Resolution 478. Following the withdrawals of

7052: 6788: 6727: 4510: 4333: 3721: 2847: 2838:

declared the annexation of East Jerusalem "null and void" and required that it be rescinded.

2195: 2103: 1965: 1960: 1755: 1751: 6926:

Abu-Lughod, Janet (1982). "Israeli Settlements in Occupied Arab Lands: Conquest to Colony".

6657:"The International Committee of the Red Cross as guardian of international humanitarian law" 4863:"Israel's Supreme Court strikes down law legalising settlements on private Palestinian land" 4646: 2922: 2390: 7584: 7053:

Preserving a legal inheritance: settlement rights in the "Occupied Palestinian Territories"

5786:"Israel announces 'complete siege' of Gaza, cutting its electricity, food, water, and fuel" 5626: 5134: 4758: 4629:

Makovsky, David (March/April 2004). "How to Build a Fence". Foreign Affairs 83 (2): 50–64.

3309: 2517:

that the territories are occupied and claim that use of the term "occupied" in relation to

2510: 2207: 2057: 1916: 1900: 1754:, and only partial Israeli military control, although Israel has frequently redeployed its 678: 574: 545: 114: 7248:

Independent UN inquiry urges halt to Israeli settlements in occupied Palestinian territory

6875: 6518: 6070: 5167: 3717: 1711:) system of government inherited from Jordan, and subsequent governments began developing 1560:" based on Resolution 242. The first high-level public talks aimed at a resolution of the 8: 7453: 5541: 3748: 3282:, each one lasting for five years. The last emergency authorization was approved in 2023. 3058: 2984:. This is disputed by other legal experts who argue with this interpretation of the law. 2977: 2863: 2859: 2538: 2347: 2341:

In two cases decided shortly after independence, in the Shimshon and Stampfer cases, the

2311: 2029: 1701: 1626: 1577: 1464: 1144: 593: 438: 328: 5522: 4278: 3367:"Legal Consequences of the Construction of a Wall in the Occupied Palestinian Territory" 2919:'Legal Consequences of the Construction of a Wall in the Occupied Palestinian Territory' 2769:, in the belief that Jews are forbidden to have their own state until the coming of the 2482: 2443: 2242:, who declared: "There will be no electricity, no food, no fuel, everything is closed." 7697: 7030: 7022: 6981: 6943: 6818: 6749:"Legal Consequence of the Construction of a Wall in the Occupied Palestinian Territory" 4548: 3893: 3847: 2955: 2875: 2685: 2638: 2568: 2436: 2414: 2394: 2141: 2133: 1993: 1989: 1919:, which declared Jerusalem to be the "complete and united" capital of Israel. However, 1813: 1673: 1406: 1395: 1383: 1375: 1359: 1255: 1173: 1135: 1115: 1111: 1030: 1004: 952: 925: 898: 367: 363: 285: 235: 7005:(1990). "Prolonged Military Occupation: The Israeli-Occupied Territories Since 1967". 5726: 4731:"Far-right Israeli Minister Lays Groundwork for Doubling West Bank Settler Population" 3312:, some Israelis have organized with the goal of rebuilding the evacuated settlements. 3153:

The occupied part consists of the western two-thirds of the territory, which includes

2041:, but no Arab state formed as a result of the 1947 partition plan. As a result of the 1735:

are applied to Israeli settlements and Israeli residents in the occupied territories.

1556:

Syria wants the return of the Golan Heights, while Israel has maintained a policy of "

32: 7657: 7638: 7170: 7111:, 14 May 2012, "EU: Israel's Policies in the West Bank Endanger Two-State Solution," 7072: 7034: 6897: 6822: 6810: 6519:"Conference of High Contracting Parties to the Fourth Geneva Convention: Declaration" 6311: 6232: 6205: 5962: 5114: 4516: 4337: 4258: 4227: 4207: 4164: 3580:"Legal Expert: If Israel Isn't Occupying West Bank, It Must Give Up Land Held by IDF" 3431: 3114: 3041: 2996: 2827: 2739: 2731: 2607: 2522: 2498: 2371: 2099: 1781: 1615: 1568:. Throughout the 1990s several Israeli governments negotiated with Syria's president 1530: 1367: 1094: 635: 332: 301: 5466:

Israeli MFA Address by Israeli Foreign Minister Livni to the 8th Herzliya Conference

4326: 3913: 1943:

in August 2006, no country maintained its embassy in Jerusalem until 2018, although

7166:

The Occupation of Justice: the Supreme Court of Israel and the Occupied Territories

7014: 6973: 6939: 6935: 6887: 6800: 6767: 5396: 4630: 4238: 2914: 2735: 2611: 1824: 1669: 1355: 1339: 1251: 755: 557: 207: 7654:

What Did We Do to Deserve This? Palestinian Life Under Occupation in the West Bank

4922:"Smotrich handed sweeping powers over West Bank, control over settlement planning" 4247: 2726:

The boundaries of the Land of Israel are different from the borders of historical

7646: 7629: 7543:"Top UN court says Israeli occupation of West Bank and East Jerusalem is illegal" 7481: 7275: 7254: 7229: 7210: 7164: 7119: 7093: 6774: 6755: 6734: 6715: 6577: 6556: 6374: 6355: 6264: 6077: 6058: 6027:. Israeli Supreme Court document. April 5, 1983. (PDF) . Retrieved on 2012-01-15. 6024: 6002: 5998: 5873: 5657: 5610: 5587: 5567: 5548: 5529: 5472: 5430: 5403: 5205: 5051: 4764: 4455: 4430: 4404: 4385: 4366: 4285: 4254: 4234: 4186: 4003: 3967: 3919: 3900: 3878: 3854: 3755: 3643: 3624: 3565: 3246:

Although renounced in 1988 its claims to East Jerusalem, Jordan still claims the

2804: 2793: 2766: 2747: 2653: 2619: 2160: 1334: 1214: 750: 734: 623: 460: 289: 6805: 1880:

for at least ten years, after which the residents would be allowed to conduct a

1812:, which aimed at retroactively legalizing 2,000 to 4,000 Israeli settlements in 6036: 5378: 4953:"Former US ambassador accuses Israel of 'creeping annexation' of the West Bank" 3996: 3688: 3226: 3054: 2894:

does not support Israel's view on the applicability of the Geneva Conventions.

2851: 2754: 2665: 2657: 2615: 2585: 2581: 2546: 2322: 2253: 2188: 2137: 2114: 1973: 1952: 1896: 1840: 1809: 1712: 1693: 1569: 1557: 1518: 1410: 772: 663: 627: 43: 5542:"Human Rights Council Special Session on the Occupied Palestinian Territories" 5198: 4378: 4129: 3749:"Human Rights Council Special Session on the Occupied Palestinian Territories" 2811:

and 484. A conference of the parties to the Fourth Geneva Convention, and the

2720: 2710: 2700: 2695: 2599: 2185:

United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East

1853: 1370:

Christian militias seized large sections of Lebanon, including the capital of

7681: 6901: 6814: 5966: 5613: 4588: 4477: 3503: 3230: 3087: 2831: 2823: 2758: 2715: 2705: 2595: 2502: 2180: 2012: 1912: 1494: 1486: 1476: 1134:

No, but Israel has maintained control over the territory's border crossings,

1129: 760: 619: 195: 7482:"UN top court says Israeli occupation of Palestinian territories is illegal" 6683:"Press Release-US Response to ICRC Statement on Illegal Israeli Settlements" 2921:. The Court observed that under customary international law as reflected in 2513:

have made political statements and many of Israel's citizens and supporters

7519: 7234: 6965: 6892: 5891: 5423: 4074:"Israel's Knesset Extends West Bank Emergency Orders by Another Five Years" 4058: 3237:. Israel was consulted and approved the subsequent transfer to Saudi Arabia 3234: 3222: 3154: 2902: 2642: 2458: 2354: 2239: 2168: 1977: 1969: 1619: 1588: 871: 670: 352: 5887:"Israel Palestinian Conflict: The Truth About the West Bank (minute 4:30)" 5727:"Israel attack: PM says Israel at war after 70 killed in attack from Gaza" 5070: 3079:

working toward promoting peace which operate in the occupied territories.

2366: 2007:

occurred between Palestinians and Israeli police over further anticipated

1587:

In the Golan Heights there is another area occupied by Israel, namely the

448: 210:

as well. Prior to 1967, the Palestinian territories was split between the

7579: 7515:"UN court orders Israel to end its occupation of Palestinian territories" 6308:

The Accidental Empire: Israel and the Birth of the Settlements, 1967–1977

6190:"The Missing Reversioner: Reflections on the Status of Judea and Samaria" 5450:

International Law and Gaza: The Assault on Israel's Right to Self-Defense

5172: 5139: 4508: 3262:

Area B is under PNA civillian control and under Israeli security control.

3170: 2614:, there are no, and cannot be, "occupied territories" because all of the 2564: 2559: 2435:

Soon after the 1967 war, Israel issued a military order stating that the

2125: 1940: 1904: 1797: 1502: 1222: 615: 553: 230:, while the Sinai Peninsula and the Golan Heights are parts of Egypt and 199: 5016:"Netanyahu hands Smotrich full authority to expand existing settlements" 4323: 2098:

occupation of any part of the Gaza Strip, Israel also withdrew from the

7132:"Israel, the Conflict and Peace: Answers to frequently asked questions" 7026: 6985: 6947: 6097: 5288:"إستطلاع رأي : 93% من العرب في القدس يفضلون بقاء الحكم الإسرائيلي" 5287: 5090:

UK recognition of Israel and of Jordanian annexation of the West Bank,

4892:"U.S. Announced Israeli Settlement Freeze, Netanyahu Rushed to Deny It" 3657:"Israel, the Conflict and Peace: Answers to frequently asked questions" 3292: 2879: 2677: 2661: 2472: 2386: 2359: 2238:. The total blockade of Gaza was announced by Israeli Defense Minister 2094: 2024: 1936: 1881: 1792: 1785: 1534: 1456: 1425: 1242:

1982, the Sinai Peninsula has not been regarded as occupied territory.

1226: 777: 258: 211: 7615:, advisory opinion of the International Court of Justice, 19 July 2024 3679: 3677: 3526:"Controversial UN expert: If talks fail, Hague should opine on Israel" 2972:

Human rights in Israel § Human rights in the occupied territories

2815:, have also resolved that these territories are occupied and that the 2219:

that left an estimated 1,166–1,417 Palestinians and 13 Israelis dead.

5374:"Evictions in Jerusalem Become Focus of Israeli-Palestinian Conflict" 5135:"Costa Rica's Exit Leaves El Salvador with Lone Embassy in Jerusalem" 4834:"Israel Passes Provocative Law to Retroactively Legalize Settlements" 4672:"Jewish settler population in the West Bank surpasses half a million" 4634: 2867: 2590: 2487: 2476: 2468: 1877: 1869: 1766: 1677: 1658: 1441: 1429: 1238: 1125: 867: 765: 468: 464: 371: 254: 221: 7018: 6977: 4314:. General Assembly Security Council. United Nations. 23 October 1973 3848:

Occupation and international humanitarian law: questions and answers

2310:

that according to international law the West Bank status is that of

1273: 513:, extraterritorial crossroads between the non-contiguous areas, and 459:

The first official proposal for partition, published in 1937 by the

437:, and the thin blue line refers to the final borders of the 1923–48 7618: 7486: 6285: 5992:

International Law in Domestic Courts: Israel, by Dr. David Kretzmer

5991: 5341:"New Poll Reveals Moderate Trend Among East Jerusalem Palestinians" 5208: 4987: 3674: 3637:

From "Occupied Territories" to "Disputed Territories," by Dore Gold

3636: 3467: 3157:. Israel has never occupied the eastern third of the Golan Heights. 3040:. It said that Israel was in violation of article 49 of the fourth 2999:, who was shot dead while reporting in the West Bank on 11 May 2022 2746:

ruled lands with similar but not identical boundaries. The current

2461:, taking a different approach, wrote in the 1970s that there is no 2285: 1948: 1932: 1106: 463:. An ongoing British Mandate was proposed to keep "the sanctity of 27:

Territories presently occupied by Israel since the 1967 Six-Day War

2937:

resolutions have described the continuing occupation of Palestine

2846:, the Sinai ceased to be considered occupied territory. While the 2541:" although they agree to apply the humanitarian provisions of the 1637:. Today, Palestinians make up around half of Jordan's population. 292:

called Israel's occupation "an affront to international law". The

5896: 5661: 5230: 4983:"Israeli government takes major step toward West Bank annexation" 4409: 4161:

The Arab–Israeli Dilemma (Contemporary Issues in the Middle East)

4146: 4077: 3584: 2770: 2762: 2669: 2533:. They argue it is more accurate to refer to the territories as " 2463: 2375: 2060:, de facto becoming under direct Egyptian military governorship. 1944: 1908: 1437: 1387: 1351: 1100: 984: 842: 288:

to the people of the occupied territories. UN Special Rapporteur

249:, and after the return of the Sinai Peninsula to Egypt after the 6524:. hosted by Foundation for Middle East Peace. 1949. p. 11. 6275: 6273: 5067:"Annexation of the West Bank by the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan" 4054:"Jordan scrambles to affirm its custodianship of al-Aqsa mosque" 3826:. Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs. 2014-07-18. Archived from 3659:. Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs. 2009-12-30. Archived from 3499:"Israel's Palestinian Territories Occupation Unlawful: UN Court" 3361: 3359: 2923:

Article 42 of the Regulations annexed to the Hague IV Convention

2391:

Article 52 of the Regulations annexed to the Hague IV Convention

2284:, an independent Palestinian human rights organization based in 2037:

The Gaza Strip was allotted to the Arab state envisioned by the

7672:

Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights

4479:

Israel and the Palestinians: Prospects for a Two-State Solution

3758:

July 6, 2006; Human Rights Watch considers Gaza still occupied.

2926: 2518: 2413:

In its June 2005 ruling upholding the constitutionality of the

2281: 2072:

Israel–Palestine Liberation Organization letters of recognition

1997: 1892: 1884:

and the issue could be re-examined by the Trusteeship Council.

1740:

Israel–Palestine Liberation Organization letters of recognition

1386:, which executed a limited authority over portions of southern 1371: 1347: 1075: 1068: 1044: 1026: 1013: 997: 912: 885: 227: 187: 7325:"EU: Future agreements with Israel won't apply to territories" 4781:

United Nations Information System on the Question of Palestine

4701:"Israel to ramp up settlement expansion in occupied West Bank" 4449:

31st Aug 1949 Israel's official claim to non-state territories

3399:

United Nations Information System on the Question of Palestine

2913:

In July 2004, the International Court of Justice delivered an

2688:

between God and the Israelites, as the following verses show.

2088:

In February 2005, the Israeli government voted to implement a

2085:

treated Gaza as a part of the Occupied Palestinian Territory.

1358:

and subsequently retained its forces to support the Christian

505:(UN General Assembly Resolution 181 (II), 1947), prior to the 245:

From 1967 to 1981, the four areas were administered under the

7382:"EU's new policy on Israeli settlements: The full guidelines" 7223:

Israel must withdraw all settlers or face ICC, says UN report

6972:(217). Middle East Research and Information Project: 16–18 . 6270: 5317:"93% of east Jerusalem Arabs prefer Israeli rule, poll shows" 4509:

Orna Ben-Naftali; Michael Sfard; Hedi Viterbo (10 May 2018).

3427:

The Jerusalem Question and Its Resolution: Selected Documents

3369:. International Court of Justice. 9 July 2004. Archived from 3356: 2681: 2673: 2664:. According to the Book of Genesis, the land was promised by 2649: 2529:, and that it prejudges the outcome of any future or ongoing 2227: 1780:

issued an advisory opinion stating that the barrier violates

1708: 1581: 1498: 1433: 1417:(UNIFIL) were deployed to the security belt (from the end of 1405:

in the security zone, initially as the official force of the

1230: 1218: 971: 939: 855: 829: 514: 480: 476: 472: 231: 217: 7357:. Delegation of the European Union to Israel. 16 July 2013. 7288: 7286: 7284: 6685:. UN Permanent Observer Mission of Palestine. Archived from 4398:"Golan Heights Druze cross into Syria for annual pilgrimage" 2321:

Israel justifies its control over the territories by citing

2191:, a pro-Israel media group, contests that characterization. 1346:

The Israeli occupation of southern Lebanon took place after

323:

The significance of the designation of these territories as

6349:

Public activities section of Ezer Weizman's Knesset profile

3075:

organizations operating in the occupied territories, or to

2634: 2555:

Report on the Legal Status of Building in Judea and Samaria

2074:

of 1993, the Gaza Strip came under the jurisdiction of the

1622: 1572:. While serious progress was made, they were unsuccessful. 1481: 642:

claim over East Jerusalem gained international recognition.

7438: 5560: 3894:

Rome Statute Of The International Criminal Court Article 8

1440:). In the central zone of the Strip was the Maronite town 7547: 7281: 6233:"Beit Sourik Village Council v. The Government of Israel" 4592: 4332:. New York: Council on Foreign Relations Press. pp. 3423: 3076: 2992: 2952:

prohibition on the acquisition of territory through force

2641:, since the times of Biblical antiquity based on various 2370:

A military checkpoint along the route of the forthcoming

1761:

In 2000, the Israeli government started to construct the

711:, two separate executive governments took control in the 618:, Israel captured the West Bank, the Gaza Strip, and the 4163:, Syracuse University Press; 3rd edition (August, 1985) 3384: 2954:, that the occupation violates the Palestinian right to 1584:, have nearly all declined to take Israeli citizenship. 1138:, and air space since the end of the occupation in 2005 737:

of settlements (cities, villages and other communities).

7278:(Advanced Unedited Version), accessed February 1, 2013. 4424:"UN tells Israel: Place Shaba Farms in hands of UNIFIL" 3618:

FAQ: The Peace process with the Palestinians – Dec 2009

3558:

Beit Sourik Village Council v. The Government of Israel

3389: 3387: 2198:

and took control over the Gaza Strip, Israel imposed a

7575:"Palestinians Hail ICJ Ruling, Condemnation In Israel" 7541:

Ebrahim, Nadeen; McCluskey, Mitchell (July 19, 2024).

6968:(2000). "International Law and the al-Aqsa Intifada". 6282:"From "Occupied Territories" to "Disputed Territories" 5667: 5523:"Israel: 'Disengagement' Will Not End Gaza Occupation" 3798:"Israel: 'Disengagement' Will Not End Gaza Occupation" 1633:

from Israel and territory Israel controlled after the

7635:"Israeli Water Interests in the Occupied Territories" 7619:"From 'Occupied Territories' to 'Disputed Territories 7013:(1). American Society of International Law: 44–103 . 6001:

and Chapter 2 "Application of International Law", in

5955:"The world court says Israel's occupation is illegal" 5860: 4752: 4549:"The Separation Barrier – Statistics | B'Tselem" 3824:"Ambassador Prosor addresses the UN Security Council" 3048: 2424:

The Gaza Coast Regional Council v. The Knesset et al.

1808:

On Feb 6, 2017, The Knesset passed the controversial

1382:, initially in coordination with the self-proclaimed 38:

status of Israel and the Israeli-occupied territories

7649:), by Ze'ev Schiff, 1989. Retrieved October 8, 2005. 7448:"Israel seeks compromise on EU settlement sanctions" 7124: 6091:

HCJ 7957/04 Mara'abe v. The Prime Minister of Israel

5057: 4502: 3963:"Israel, Egypt sign accord on return of Taba resort" 3217: 3215: 2430: 1618:, and both have populations consisting primarily of 298:

holding the West Bank under "belligerent occupation"

7318: 7316: 6420:"PM to decide on Levy report with settlement c'tee" 5990:"Place of customary international law", pp. 5–6 of 4324:Hinnebusch, Raymond A.; Drysdale, Alasdair (1991). 4052:Chulov, Martin; Safi, Michael (November 26, 2020). 2995:carrying photos of Palestinian-American journalist 2822:Israel's annexation of East Jerusalem in 1980 (see 2154:

Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs

2136:also contested that this ended the occupation. The 2113:Israeli soldiers and protesters in Gaza during the 1684:The West Bank was allotted to the Arab state under 1512:

Agreement on Disengagement between Israel and Syria

7446: 6793:The Palestine Yearbook of International Law Online 5038: 4325: 3461:Maupas, Stephanie; Imbert, Louis (July 20, 2024). 2602:, includes almost all of the occupied territories. 7069:Palestine Yearbook of International Law 1998–1999 6230: 4274: 4272: 4270: 3212: 3208:Israeli invasion of the Gaza Strip (2023–present) 3028:government of Israel ceased cooperating with the 2819:provisions regarding occupied territories apply. 2575: 1716: 1537:" to describe the change of status. However, the 7679: 7540: 7373: 7313: 7295:"EU takes tougher stance on Israeli settlements" 7292: 7195: 7193: 6619:s:United Nations Security Council Resolution 478 5644: 5113:. Oxford University Press US. pp. 250–260. 4189:. Theisraelproject.org. Retrieved on 2012-01-15. 3766: 3764: 3333:"The situation in the occupied Arab territories" 3018: 2268:Status of territories occupied by Israel in 1967 705:clashes between the two main Palestinian parties 560:-owned lands including related religious trusts. 73: 7257:, United Nations News Center, January 31, 2012. 7104: 7102: 6386: 3552: 3550: 3202: 3200: 3110:International law and the Arab–Israeli conflict 2968:Legality of the Israeli occupation of Palestine 2961: 2750:also has similar but not identical boundaries. 2272:Legality of the Israeli occupation of Palestine 471:", in the form of an enclave from Jerusalem to 7162: 6389:"Validate Settlements, Israeli Panel Suggests" 6080:. Zionism-israel.com. Retrieved on 2012-01-15. 5879: 5693: 5219: 5217: 4769: 4267: 4244:Yom Kippur War, Real Time: The Updated Edition 4206:. US Government Printing Office. p. 496. 4199: 4006:. Kinghussein.gov.jo. Retrieved on 2012-01-15. 3744: 3742: 3712: 3710: 3430:. Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. pp. 351–. 3190:), Israel ceded a portion of the strip to the 2840:United Nations Security Council Resolution 497 2836:United Nations Security Council Resolution 478 347:. One of those obligations is to maintain the 327:is that certain legal obligations fall on the 7190: 6934:(2). University of California Press: 16–54 . 6588: 6503:. Neturei Karta International. Archived from 6258:See Operation Gaza: factual and legal aspects 5199:US embassy opens in Jerusalem | Full ceremony 4220: 4104:"Israel plans to annex West Bank territories" 3761: 2336: 393: 240:longest military occupation in modern history 59: 7099: 6417: 6380: 5702:"Rights Group Puts Gaza Death Toll At 1,284" 4515:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 52–. 3887: 3547: 3460: 3197: 2765:and calls for a peaceful dismantling of the 2606:According to the views of most adherents of 2261: 7444: 7404: 7379: 7322: 7059:. 19 October 2009. Retrieved on 2012-01-15. 5923:"Israeli Settlements and International Law" 5757:"Israel announces 'total' blockade on Gaza" 5651:Israel tightens grip on urban parts of Gaza 5214: 4372: 3739: 3707: 3416: 2870:to be its capital and sovereign territory. 2194:In 2007, after Hamas defeated Fatah in the 1302:. Unsourced material may be challenged and 1229:. It had plans to expand the settlement of 503:United Nations Partition Plan for Palestine 309:unilaterally disengaged from the Gaza Strip 6925: 6358:. Knesset.gov.il. Retrieved on 2012-01-15. 6200: 6198: 6110:"Chronological Review of Events/June 2005" 5660:. By Nidal al-Mughrabi. January 12, 2009. 4582:U.N. court rules West Bank barrier illegal 4051: 4016: 4014: 4012: 3221:The occupied area included the islands of 2457:Former Chief Justice of the Supreme Court 2183:Christopher Gunness, spokesperson for the 2102:, which is a narrow strip adjacent to the 1721:International legal issues of the conflict 1594: 1392:South Lebanon security belt administration 1362:militia in Southern Lebanon. In 1982, the 1260:South Lebanon security belt administration 400: 386: 66: 52: 7007:The American Journal of International Law 6891: 6804: 6591:"Israel annexing East Jerusalem, says EU" 6411: 5676:"IDF releases Cast Lead casualty numbers" 4608:. Icj-cij.org. 2004-07-09. Archived from 4226:During the Autumn of 2003, following the 3992: 3990: 3258: 3256: 2288:in the West Bank and an affiliate of the 1715:in Arab villages under its control. (see 1322:Learn how and when to remove this message 1209:Israeli occupation of the Sinai Peninsula 542:Jewish-owned lands in Mandatory Palestine 337:laws of war governing military occupation 315:; Israel rejects this characterization. 7512: 7071:, Anis Kassim (Editor), Springer, 2000, 6728:the report made by the Secretary General 6559:ICRC website. Retrieved October 5, 2005 5490:"Gaza: Israel's 'Open-Air Prison' at 15" 5445: 5443: 5368: 4131:The Israelis who campaign to occupy Gaza 3906: 3903:. legal.un.org. Retrieved on 2013-10-18. 3859:International Committee of the Red Cross 3456: 3454: 2986: 2896: 2813:International Committee of the Red Cross 2589: 2521:'s control of the areas has no basis in 2481: 2442: 2365: 2353: 2244: 2144:and many other international bodies and 2108: 2028: 1852: 1844: 1791: 1668: 1564:were held at and after the multilateral 1480: 1333: 31: 7001: 6758:. Icj-cij.org. Retrieved on 2012-01-15. 6744: 6742: 6377:, Israel and the Palestinians, BBC News 6195: 5418: 5416: 4950: 4328:Syria and the Middle East Peace Process 4033:from the original on September 13, 2016 4009: 3960: 3790: 3577: 3492: 3490: 3165: 3163: 1614:Both of these territories were part of 1529:On 14 December 1981, Israel passed the 1415:United Nations Interim Force in Lebanon 729:Ethnic majority by settlement (present) 370:and whether the settlements constitute 14: 7680: 7416:Official Journal of the European Union 7335:from the original on 24 September 2015 6873: 6654: 6451:"Ancient History: The United Monarchy" 6267:. Mfa.gov.il. Retrieved on 2012-01-15. 6013: 6011: 5699: 5673: 5223: 5165: 5106: 5013: 4919: 4831: 4228:declassification of key Aman documents 4101: 4020: 3987: 3816: 3649: 3627:. Mfa.gov.il. Retrieved on 2012-01-15. 3253: 3135:Occupation of the Gaza Strip by Israel 3025:United Nations Human Rights Commission 2776: 2567:which was appointed by Prime Minister 2093:Israeli settlers (most of them in the 1264:Israeli occupation of Southern Lebanon 638:. Neither Israel's annexation nor the 6880:European Journal of International Law 6786: 6453:. About.com Education. Archived from 6448: 5500:from the original on October 12, 2023 5440: 5256: 5238:from the original on 29 November 2014 5026:from the original on 13 November 2023 4963:from the original on 24 February 2023 3592:from the original on October 10, 2017 3568:. (PDF) . Retrieved on April 4, 2017. 3496: 3451: 3130:Occupation of the Gaza Strip by Egypt 3120:Jordanian annexation of the West Bank 2909:over the Golan Heights, 25 March 2019 2056:until in 1959 it was merged into the 2039:United Nations Partition Plan of 1947 1690:West Bank was occupied by Transjordan 1686:United Nations Partition Plan of 1947 47: 7479: 6964: 6855:from the original on 30 January 2018 6846: 6739: 6623: 6531:from the original on 14 January 2018 6430:from the original on 14 January 2018 6279: 6239:from the original on 14 October 2012 5947: 5935:from the original on 9 November 2021 5796:from the original on 2 November 2023 5532:Human Rights Watch. October 29, 2004 5477:Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Israel) 5413: 5180:from the original on 10 October 2017 5166:HaLevi, Ezra, ed. (27 August 2006). 5147:from the original on 10 October 2017 4932:from the original on 5 November 2023 4711:from the original on 8 November 2023 3961:Frankel, Glenn (February 27, 1989). 3942:from the original on 19 January 2018 3864: 3770: 3646:. Jcpa.org. Retrieved on 2012-01-15. 3487: 3424:Ruth Lapidoth; Moshe Hirsch (1994). 3160: 3030:UN High Commissioner on Human Rights 2276: 1374:, amid the hostilities of the wider 1300:adding citations to reliable sources 1267: 202:of 1967. It previously occupied the 7392:from the original on 11 August 2013 7361:from the original on 21 August 2013 7347: 6847:Lynk, S.Michael (23 October 2017). 6179:. p. 3. israellawresourcecenter.org 6152:. p. 1. israellawresourcecenter.org 6008: 5737:from the original on 7 October 2023 5627:"Israeli leaders 'to topple Hamas'" 5592:United Nations Human Rights Council 5551:. Human Rights Watch. July 6, 2006" 5454:Jerusalem Center for Public Affairs 5435:Jerusalem Center for Public Affairs 4995:from the original on 8 October 2023 4951:McGreal, Chris (24 February 2023). 4920:Sharon, Jeremy (23 February 2023). 3094: 2623: 2545:pending resolution of the dispute. 2290:International Commission of Jurists 2047:Gaza Strip became occupied by Egypt 1750:came under the jurisdiction of the 1680:under full Israeli control, in 2011 1655:Israeli occupation of the West Bank 1625:, including significant numbers of 1436:(most of whom lived in the town of 429:, the dashed blue line is the 1919 24: 7555:from the original on July 22, 2024 7513:Siddique, Haroon (July 19, 2024). 7426:from the original on 16 April 2023 7136:Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs 6777:. (PDF) . Retrieved on 2012-01-15. 6569:UN Security Council Resolution 497 5928:Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs 5333: 4369:. (PDF) . Retrieved on 2012-01-15. 4360:UN Security Council Resolution 497 4180:Kintera.org—The Giving Communities 3975:from the original on June 17, 2018 3800:. Human Rights Watch. 2004-10-29. 3475:from the original on July 21, 2024 3049:2013 EU directive for 2014 to 2020 2830:) has been recognized only by the 2744:United Kingdom of Israel and Judah 2236:"total blockade" of the Gaza Strip 2123:Foreign Affairs Minister of Israel 1524:UN Security Council Resolution 338 1202: 1078:considers it part of its territory 626:(later traded for peace after the 537:1947 Jewish private land ownership 341:Hague Conventions of 1899 and 1907 25: 7709: 7606: 7591:from the original on 23 July 2024 7494:from the original on 19 July 2024 7293:Harriet Sherwood (16 July 2013). 6071:2005 Israeli Supreme Court ruling 6052:2004 Israeli Supreme Court ruling 5456:, Vol. 7, No. 29 28 January 2008. 5437:, Vol. 5, No. 3, August 26, 2005. 5168:"Last Embassy Abandons Jerusalem" 4529:from the original on 3 March 2023 4110:from the original on June 8, 2020 3685:"SPOKESPERSON's DAILY HIGHLIGHTS" 3065:In a statement, the EU said that 2943:United Nations special rapporteur 2431:Israeli legal and political views 2249:Greater Jerusalem, May 2006. The 2165:United Nations Special Rapporteur 1834: 1643:Palestine Liberation Organization 7567: 7534: 7506: 7473: 7260: 7241: 7215: 7156: 7081: 7062: 7045: 6995: 6958: 6919: 6867: 6840: 6780: 6761: 6720: 6701: 6675: 6648: 6612: 6582: 6562: 6543: 6511: 6493: 6468: 6442: 6399:from the original on 9 July 2012 6361: 6342: 6333: 6321: 6300: 6251: 6224: 6182: 6155: 6128: 6102: 6083: 6064: 6045: 6030: 5984: 5915: 5834: 5816:"Property Destruction. Legality" 5808: 5778: 5749: 5719: 5386:from the original on 9 May 2021. 5224:Hasson, Nir (29 December 2012). 4606:"International Court of Justice" 4471: This article incorporates 4466: 2948:Reasons cited for its illegality 2907:recognizing Israel's sovereignty 2301: 2015:neighborhood of East Jerusalem. 1470: 1272: 1245: 1110:Israelis are allowed to live in 1061: 1050: 1037: 1019: 1003: 990: 977: 964: 945: 932: 918: 905: 891: 878: 860: 848: 835: 822: 721: 687: 654: 602: 566: 529: 489: 447: 413: 7461:from the original on 2022-01-12 7142:from the original on 2018-11-28 6908:from the original on 2023-11-16 6829:from the original on 2023-06-10 6663:from the original on 2010-12-23 6637:from the original on 2014-09-05 6601:from the original on 2018-06-28 6482:from the original on 2017-01-23 6387:Isabel Kershner (9 July 2012). 6212:from the original on 2019-05-12 6040:Israel Yearbook on Human Rights 5973:from the original on 2024-07-21 5903:from the original on 2021-11-17 5767:from the original on 2023-10-09 5708:from the original on 2009-02-25 5633:from the original on 2009-01-11 5619: 5597: 5573: 5554: 5535: 5516: 5482: 5459: 5390: 5362: 5351:from the original on 2022-07-13 5309: 5298:from the original on 2022-03-13 5294:(in Arabic). 13 December 2021. 5280: 5269:from the original on 2022-07-13 5250: 5192: 5159: 5127: 5100: 5084: 5014:Sharon, Jeremy (18 June 2023). 5007: 4975: 4944: 4913: 4902:from the original on 2023-12-07 4884: 4873:from the original on 2020-09-13 4855: 4844:from the original on 2017-10-21 4832:Fisher, Ian (6 February 2017). 4825: 4798: 4741:from the original on 2023-06-09 4723: 4693: 4682:from the original on 2023-11-09 4664: 4623: 4598: 4575: 4566: 4555:from the original on 2011-07-05 4541: 4493: 4460: 4440: 4416: 4391: 4353: 4317: 4291: 4192: 4173: 4154: 4138:from the original on 2024-01-29 4122: 4095: 4084:from the original on 2023-01-25 4066: 4045: 4021:Kifner, John (August 1, 1988). 3954: 3924: 3841: 3804:from the original on 2015-04-15 3779:from the original on 2009-01-21 3773:"Is Gaza 'occupied' territory?" 3728:from the original on 2015-04-15 3630: 3611: 3578:Zarchin, Tomer (July 9, 2012). 3536:from the original on 2021-05-07 3345:from the original on 2021-02-27 3302: 3285: 3265: 3240: 3188:Israeli disengagement from Gaza 3176: 3147: 2935:United Nations General Assembly 2783:United Nations Security Council 1921:United Nations Security Council 1390:until 1984, and later with the 701:Israeli disengagement from Gaza 331:under international law. Under 18:Israeli occupation of Palestine 7668:Occupied Palestinian Territory 7151:Are Israeli settlements legal? 7040:territories on a de jure basis 6940:10.1525/jps.1982.11.2.00p0373x 6280:Gold, Dore (16 January 2002). 6163:"Israeli Military Orders List" 6136:"Israeli Military Orders List" 5876:. Retrieved on August 1, 2013. 5857:. United Nations. 15 July 1999 5408:International Court of Justice 4487:Congressional Research Service 4102:Krämer, Tania (June 4, 2020). 3571: 3518: 3325: 3192:Palestinian National Authority 3182:From May 1994 (signing of the 2892:International Court of Justice 2887:International Court of Justice 2856:International Court of Justice 2781:The official term used by the 2576:Israeli Jewish religious views 2177:international humanitarian law 2158:2008–2009 Israel–Gaza conflict 2083:International Court of Justice 1986:Palestinian National Authority 1778:International Court of Justice 675:Palestinian National Authority 511:Corpus Separatum for Jerusalem 380:Modern evolution of Palestine 270:International Court of Justice 122:Displacement in East Jerusalem 98:Occupied Palestinian Territory 13: 1: 7445:Robert Tait (9 August 2013). 5674:Lappin, Yaakov (2009-03-26). 3497:Jacob, Sarah (19 July 2024). 3319: 3310:Israel-Hamas war of 2023–2024 3019:2012 UN report on settlements 2950:include the violation of the 2383:Israeli High Court of Justice 2090:unilateral disengagement plan 2018: 1861:map of the area, showing the 1731:", large portions of Israeli 1609: 313:its blockade of the territory 282:Israel as the occupying power 115:Enclaves within the West Bank 7693:Israeli–Palestinian conflict 7688:Israeli-occupied territories 7480:Berg, Raffi (19 July 2024). 7380:Barak Ravid (16 July 2013). 7323:Barak Ravid (16 July 2013). 6928:Journal of Palestine Studies 6589:Rory McCarthy (2009-03-07). 6418:Lahav Harkov (9 July 2012). 3401:. 2012-12-01. Archived from 3038:International Criminal Court 2962:International law violations 2494:(green) and Israeli control. 1717:Palestinians and Israeli law 1648: 1601:Israeli–Palestinian conflict 1461:Syrian occupation of Lebanon 808: 805: 802: 799: 793: 786: 586:Egyptian-occupied Gaza Strip 263:Israeli Civil Administration 247:Israeli Military Governorate 76:Israeli-occupied territories 7: 6806:10.1163/22116141_022010_002 6655:Sandoz, Yves (1998-12-31). 6192:, Israel L. Rev. 279 (1968) 6125:. United Nations. June 2005 5700:Younis, Khan (2009-01-22). 5257:Koren, David (2018-09-13). 5045:Sessions of the Arab League 4422:Ravid, Barak. (2008-04-02) 4299:"Syria's acceptance of 338" 4248:Yediot Ahronoth/Hemed Books 3125:List of Israeli settlements 3103: 2206:and Israeli raids, such as 2081:A July 2004 opinion of the 1827:took charge of most of the 1380:South Lebanon Security Belt 582:Jordanian-annexed West Bank 421:1916–1922 various proposals 318: 150:Southern Lebanon occupation 10: 7714: 7169:. SUNY Press. p. 99. 6478:. Jewish Virtual Library. 4437:. Retrieved on 2012-01-15. 2965: 2652:, especially the books of 2610:and to certain streams of 2579: 2337:Israeli judicial decisions 2265: 2204:Palestinian rocket attacks 2022: 1951:once had theirs in nearby 1838: 1662: 1652: 1598: 1474: 1249: 1206: 960:Currently administrated by 813:2023 – ongoing (portions) 769:(excluding East Jerusalem) 715:of the West Bank and Gaza. 509:. The proposal included a 155:Sinai Peninsula occupation 6003:The Occupation of Justice 5292:شبكة فلسطين للأنباء – شفا 4151:Reporting by Aya Ibrahim. 3771:Levs, Josh (2009-01-06). 2844:Egypt–Israel peace treaty 2557:, usually referred to as 2448:Israeli West Bank barrier 2262:Views on terminology used 2104:Strip's border with Egypt 2065:Egypt–Israel peace treaty 2043:1949 Armistice Agreements 1763:Israeli West Bank barrier 1698:1949 Armistice Agreements 1566:Madrid Conference of 1991 1551:Middle East peace process 1235:Egypt–Israel peace treaty 296:has ruled that Israel is 251:Egypt–Israel peace treaty 163: 142: 83: 7096:Retrieved on 2012-07-30. 6501:"Judaism is not Zionism" 6042:. Volume 9, 1979, p. 349 5656:January 9, 2009, at the 5629:. BBC News. 2008-12-22. 5345:The Washington Institute 3273:emergency authorizations 3140: 3053:Following a decision by 2982:Fourth Geneva Convention 2817:Fourth Geneva Convention 2543:Fourth Geneva Convention 2054:All-Palestine Government 1676:(blue), the part of the 1453:Prime Minister of Israel 610:1967 territorial changes 588:(dark green), after the 345:Fourth Geneva Convention 171:Jordan Valley annexation 91:Golan Heights occupation 7163:David Kretzmer (2002). 6633:. Knesset. 2008-08-05. 6368:"The Geneva Convention" 6231:Israel: Supreme Court. 6206:"The Geneva Convention" 5678:. JPost. Archived from 5107:Korman, Sharon (2005). 4763:March 10, 2012, at the 4200:Frank Thompson (1978). 3248:Al-Aqsa Mosque compound 3186:) through August 2005 ( 2905:signs the proclamation 2400:Supreme Court of Israel 2385:determined in the 1979 2343:Supreme Court of Israel 2306:The Israeli government 2210:continued into 2008. A 2173:Palestinian territories 1915:, which was declared a 1605:Palestinian territories 1595:Palestinian territories 713:Palestinian territories 709:Hamas electoral victory 360:Palestinian territories 351:until the signing of a 294:Supreme Court of Israel 192:Palestinian territories 7422:: 9–11. 19 July 2013. 6886:(3): 1072–1073, 1085. 5867:Jewish virtual library 5479:, 22 January 22, 2008. 4473:public domain material 3308:In the context of the 3250:within East Jerusalem. 3184:Gaza–Jericho Agreement 3072: 3000: 2910: 2668:to the descendants of 2603: 2495: 2450: 2428: 2378: 2363: 2299: 2258: 2118: 2034: 1957:United States Congress 1874:1947 UN Partition Plan 1866: 1850: 1821:new Israeli government 1819:In February 2023, the 1801: 1796:Israeli settlement of 1744:Palestinian population 1681: 1665:Judea and Samaria Area 1490: 1364:Israeli Defense Forces 1343: 1120:Judea and Samaria Area 733:The map indicates the 632:annexed East Jerusalem 435:Paris Peace Conference 300:. However, successive 41: 7656:, Garnet Publishing. 7652:Howell, Mark (2007). 6874:Imseis, Ardi (2020). 6787:Wilde, Ralph (2021). 6329:The Accidental Empire 6235:. UNHCR. p. 14. 5020:www.timesofisrael.com 4661:Retrieved 2007-04-16. 4288:. BBC. 30 August 2011 4279:Golan Heights profile 3997:Address to the Nation 3722:Amnesty International 3067: 2990: 2976:The establishment of 2900: 2848:Palestinian Authority 2593: 2485: 2446: 2419: 2369: 2357: 2294: 2266:Further information: 2248: 2196:Battle of Gaza (2007) 2167:on "the situation of 2112: 2076:Palestinian Authority 2033:Map of the Gaza Strip 2032: 2009:Palestinian evictions 1961:Jerusalem Embassy Act 1889:1948 Arab–Israeli War 1856: 1849:East Jerusalem zoning 1848: 1795: 1752:Palestinian Authority 1742:of 1993, most of the 1672: 1635:1948 Arab–Israeli War 1631:fled or were expelled 1562:Syria–Israel conflict 1484: 1337: 1178:No; evacuated in 1982 1143:Formerly part of the 630:). In 1980–81 Israel 590:1948 Arab–Israeli War 507:1948 Arab–Israeli War 455:1937 British proposal 427:Sykes–Picot Agreement 127:Gaza Strip occupation 35: 7585:Agence France-Presse 6893:10.1093/ejil/chaa055 6773:5 March 2011 at the 6689:on 25 September 2012 6306:Gorenberg, Gershom, 5594:, December 27, 2008. 4898:. 27 February 2023. 4305:on February 14, 2007 3936:Israel National News 3373:on 24 September 2015 3229:at the mouth of the 2941:. Michael Lynk, the 2637:, also known as the 2490:, May 2021, showing 2331:through negotiations 2312:disputed territories 2208:Operation Hot Winter 2058:United Arab Republic 1829:Civil Administration 1493:Israel captured the 1449:election in May 1999 1413:(UN) forces and the 1403:took over daily life 1296:improve this section 1213:Israel captured the 1087:Yes, as part of the 679:Palestinian enclaves 622:, together with the 594:1949 armistice lines 575:1949 armistice lines 431:Zionist Organization 176:West Bank annexation 110:Oslo II Accord areas 105:West Bank occupation 7454:The Daily Telegraph 7238:, January 31, 2013. 6310:, Macmillan, 2006, 6208:. BBC. 2009-12-10. 6005:, by David Kretzmer 5822:on November 3, 2004 5321:www.israelhayom.com 4926:The Times of Israel 4678:. 2 February 2023. 4652:on October 28, 2005 4080:. 24 January 2023. 3530:The Times of Israel 3169:The border town of 3059:European Commission 2978:Israeli settlements 2864:UN Security Council 2860:UN General Assembly 2777:International views 2742:, and possibly the 2348:Hague IV Convention 2226:On 7 October 2023, 2212:six month ceasefire 2152:The United Nations 1887:However, after the 1771:1949 Armistice line 1727:). As a result of " 1725:Palestinian economy 1696:and Pakistan. (see 1578:Israeli citizenship 1547:UNSC Resolution 497 1539:UN Security Council 1507:UNSC Resolution 242 1447:Before the Israeli 1174:Israeli settlements 1118:, as a part of the 517:as an Arab exclave. 439:Mandatory Palestine 364:Israeli settlements 302:Israeli governments 278:UN Security Council 274:UN General Assembly 132:Gaza Strip blockade 7645:2005-10-30 at the 7628:2011-07-09 at the 7274:2019-06-10 at the 7253:2017-03-03 at the 7228:2020-08-01 at the 7221:Harriet Sherwood, 7209:2012-05-05 at the 7118:2015-04-08 at the 7092:2015-09-24 at the 7057:The Journal Online 6970:Middle East Report 6754:2008-04-30 at the 6733:2009-08-11 at the 6714:2016-03-04 at the 6576:2019-06-28 at the 6555:2006-09-28 at the 6424:The Jerusalem Post 6393:The New York Times 6373:2006-02-13 at the 6354:2023-04-19 at the 6263:2009-09-27 at the 6116:on October 5, 2008 6076:2005-12-24 at the 6057:2008-11-21 at the 6023:2016-01-13 at the 5997:2023-04-25 at the 5872:2016-03-04 at the 5792:. 9 October 2023. 5733:. 7 October 2023. 5616:, January 5, 2009. 5609:2010-06-09 at the 5586:2008-12-29 at the 5566:2012-02-06 at the 5547:2008-10-15 at the 5528:2008-11-01 at the 5494:Human Rights Watch 5471:2011-10-26 at the 5429:2010-06-21 at the 5402:2014-08-25 at the 5204:2018-05-17 at the 5143:. 18 August 2006. 5050:2016-03-04 at the 4637:. ISSN 0015-7120. 4454:2018-11-18 at the 4429:2012-11-03 at the 4403:2012-11-02 at the 4384:2006-08-21 at the 4365:2019-06-28 at the 4284:2009-01-31 at the 4253:2021-02-27 at the 4233:2008-03-21 at the 4185:2006-03-01 at the 4027:The New York Times 4002:2019-07-22 at the 3938:. 9 January 2016. 3918:2013-03-12 at the 3899:2013-10-19 at the 3877:2010-12-03 at the 3853:2009-01-23 at the 3754:2008-10-15 at the 3642:2011-07-09 at the 3623:2022-05-17 at the 3564:2022-09-13 at the 3001: 2956:self-determination 2911: 2876:Geneva Conventions 2803:2015-04-04 at the 2792:2015-05-17 at the 2728:Israelite kingdoms 2686:Biblical covenants 2639:Children of Israel 2604: 2569:Binyamin Netanyahu 2496: 2451: 2437:Geneva Conventions 2415:Gaza disengagement 2398:argued before the 2395:Military necessity 2379: 2364: 2259: 2142:Human Rights Watch 2134:Human Rights Watch 2119: 2035: 1996:. 9% would prefer 1994:State of Palestine 1990:two-state solution 1867: 1863:Israeli occupation 1851: 1802: 1682: 1491: 1407:Free Lebanon State 1396:South Lebanon Army 1384:Free Lebanon State 1376:Lebanese Civil War 1360:South Lebanon Army 1344: 1256:Free Lebanon State 1136:territorial waters 1124:Yes, as undivided 584:(light green) and 552:. White is either 368:Geneva Conventions 362:and as to whether 335:there are certain 325:occupied territory 42: 7662:978-1-85964-195-8 7176:978-0-7914-5337-7 7138:. November 2007. 7077:978-90-411-1304-7 6316:978-0-8050-7564-9 5899:. July 12, 2011. 5496:. June 14, 2022. 5370:Kingsley, Patrick 5120:978-0-19-828007-1 5094:, April 17, 1950— 4676:Los Angeles Times 4640:"Amherst College" 4522:978-1-107-15652-4 4343:978-0-87609-105-0 4263:978-965-511-597-0 4213:978-0-16-058935-5 4169:978-0-8156-2340-3 4134:(News). DW News. 3437:978-0-7923-2893-3 3115:Israeli apartheid 3042:Geneva convention 2997:Shireen Abu Akleh 2828:Golan Heights Law 2740:Hasmonean Kingdom 2711:Deuteronomy 11:24 2680:, descendants of 2660:, as well as the 2633:) belongs to the 2608:Religious Zionism 2523:international law 2499:Gershom Gorenberg 2404:Hague Conventions 2372:West Bank Barrier 2277:Palestinian views 2100:Philadelphi Route 1782:international law 1616:Mandate Palestine 1541:has rejected the 1531:Golan Heights Law 1368:Free Lebanon Army 1366:(IDF) and allied 1332: 1331: 1324: 1200: 1199: 1195:evacuated in 2005 1095:Golan Heights Law 1089:Northern District 784:Occupation period 636:the Golan Heights 501:Proposal per the 333:international law 190:has occupied the 184: 183: 16:(Redirected from 7705: 7622: 7601: 7600: 7598: 7596: 7587:. 19 July 2024. 7571: 7565: 7564: 7562: 7560: 7538: 7532: 7531: 7529: 7527: 7510: 7504: 7503: 7501: 7499: 7477: 7471: 7470: 7468: 7466: 7450: 7442: 7436: 7435: 7433: 7431: 7408: 7402: 7401: 7399: 7397: 7377: 7371: 7370: 7368: 7366: 7351: 7345: 7344: 7342: 7340: 7320: 7311: 7310: 7308: 7306: 7290: 7279: 7264: 7258: 7245: 7239: 7219: 7213: 7197: 7188: 7187: 7185: 7183: 7160: 7154: 7153: 7148: 7147: 7128: 7122: 7106: 7097: 7085: 7079: 7066: 7060: 7049: 7043: 7042: 6999: 6993: 6992: 6962: 6956: 6955: 6923: 6917: 6916: 6914: 6913: 6895: 6871: 6865: 6864: 6862: 6860: 6844: 6838: 6837: 6835: 6834: 6808: 6784: 6778: 6765: 6759: 6746: 6737: 6724: 6718: 6705: 6699: 6698: 6696: 6694: 6679: 6673: 6672: 6670: 6668: 6652: 6646: 6645: 6643: 6642: 6627: 6621: 6616: 6610: 6609: 6607: 6606: 6586: 6580: 6566: 6560: 6547: 6541: 6540: 6538: 6536: 6530: 6523: 6515: 6509: 6508: 6497: 6491: 6490: 6488: 6487: 6472: 6466: 6465: 6463: 6462: 6446: 6440: 6439: 6437: 6435: 6415: 6409: 6408: 6406: 6404: 6384: 6378: 6365: 6359: 6346: 6340: 6337: 6331: 6325: 6319: 6304: 6298: 6297: 6295: 6293: 6277: 6268: 6255: 6249: 6248: 6246: 6244: 6228: 6222: 6221: 6219: 6217: 6202: 6193: 6186: 6180: 6178: 6176: 6174: 6169:on June 22, 2006 6165:. Archived from 6159: 6153: 6151: 6149: 6147: 6142:on June 22, 2006 6138:. Archived from 6132: 6126: 6124: 6122: 6121: 6112:. Archived from 6106: 6100: 6087: 6081: 6068: 6062: 6049: 6043: 6034: 6028: 6015: 6006: 5988: 5982: 5981: 5979: 5978: 5951: 5945: 5944: 5942: 5940: 5919: 5913: 5912: 5910: 5908: 5883: 5877: 5864: 5858: 5856: 5854: 5853: 5844:. Archived from 5838: 5832: 5830: 5828: 5827: 5818:. Archived from 5812: 5806: 5805: 5803: 5801: 5790:Business Insider 5782: 5776: 5775: 5773: 5772: 5753: 5747: 5746: 5744: 5742: 5723: 5717: 5716: 5714: 5713: 5697: 5691: 5690: 5688: 5687: 5671: 5665: 5648: 5642: 5641: 5639: 5638: 5623: 5617: 5601: 5595: 5577: 5571: 5558: 5552: 5539: 5533: 5520: 5514: 5513: 5507: 5505: 5486: 5480: 5463: 5457: 5447: 5438: 5420: 5411: 5394: 5388: 5387: 5366: 5360: 5359: 5357: 5356: 5337: 5331: 5330: 5328: 5327: 5313: 5307: 5306: 5304: 5303: 5284: 5278: 5277: 5275: 5274: 5254: 5248: 5247: 5245: 5243: 5221: 5212: 5196: 5190: 5189: 5187: 5185: 5163: 5157: 5156: 5154: 5152: 5131: 5125: 5124: 5104: 5098: 5096:scan as PDF file 5092:House of Commons 5088: 5082: 5081: 5079: 5078: 5069:. Archived from 5061: 5055: 5042: 5036: 5035: 5033: 5031: 5011: 5005: 5004: 5002: 5000: 4991:. 21 June 2023. 4979: 4973: 4972: 4970: 4968: 4948: 4942: 4941: 4939: 4937: 4917: 4911: 4910: 4908: 4907: 4888: 4882: 4881: 4879: 4878: 4859: 4853: 4852: 4850: 4849: 4829: 4823: 4821: 4819: 4818: 4809:. Archived from 4802: 4796: 4795: 4793: 4792: 4783:. Archived from 4773: 4767: 4756: 4750: 4749: 4747: 4746: 4727: 4721: 4720: 4718: 4716: 4707:. 18 June 2023. 4697: 4691: 4690: 4688: 4687: 4668: 4662: 4660: 4658: 4657: 4651: 4645:. Archived from 4644: 4635:10.2307/20033902 4627: 4621: 4620: 4618: 4617: 4602: 4596: 4595:, July 10, 2004. 4579: 4573: 4570: 4564: 4563: 4561: 4560: 4545: 4539: 4538: 4536: 4534: 4506: 4500: 4497: 4491: 4490: 4484: 4470: 4469: 4464: 4458: 4444: 4438: 4420: 4414: 4413:1 September 2005 4395: 4389: 4376: 4370: 4357: 4351: 4350: 4331: 4321: 4315: 4313: 4311: 4310: 4301:. Archived from 4295: 4289: 4276: 4265: 4239:Yedioth Ahronoth 4237:, the newspaper 4224: 4218: 4217: 4196: 4190: 4177: 4171: 4158: 4152: 4150: 4144: 4143: 4126: 4120: 4119: 4117: 4115: 4099: 4093: 4092: 4090: 4089: 4070: 4064: 4063: 4049: 4043: 4042: 4040: 4038: 4018: 4007: 3994: 3985: 3984: 3982: 3980: 3958: 3952: 3951: 3949: 3947: 3928: 3922: 3910: 3904: 3891: 3885: 3868: 3862: 3845: 3839: 3838: 3836: 3835: 3820: 3814: 3813: 3811: 3809: 3794: 3788: 3787: 3785: 3784: 3768: 3759: 3746: 3737: 3736: 3734: 3733: 3714: 3705: 3704: 3702: 3700: 3691:. Archived from 3681: 3672: 3671: 3669: 3668: 3653: 3647: 3634: 3628: 3615: 3609: 3608: 3599: 3597: 3575: 3569: 3554: 3545: 3544: 3542: 3541: 3522: 3516: 3515: 3513: 3511: 3494: 3485: 3484: 3482: 3480: 3458: 3449: 3448: 3446: 3444: 3420: 3414: 3413: 3411: 3410: 3391: 3382: 3381: 3379: 3378: 3363: 3354: 3353: 3351: 3350: 3344: 3337: 3329: 3313: 3306: 3300: 3297:most recent plan 3289: 3283: 3281: 3269: 3263: 3260: 3251: 3244: 3238: 3219: 3210: 3204: 3195: 3180: 3174: 3167: 3158: 3151: 3095:2024 ICJ opinion 2915:Advisory Opinion 2878:that constitute 2753:A small sect of 2736:Herodian Kingdom 2732:Bar Kokhba state 2721:Ezekiel 47:13–20 2696:Genesis 15:18–21 2672:through his son 2625: 2624:אֶרֶץ יִשְׂרָאֵל 2612:Orthodox Judaism 2600:Ezekiel 47:13–20 2511:Israeli Cabinets 2408:separation fence 2200:blockade on Gaza 1825:Bezalel Smotrich 1800:in the West Bank 1419:Operation Litani 1356:1982 Lebanon War 1340:southern Lebanon 1338:Israeli tank in 1327: 1320: 1316: 1313: 1307: 1276: 1268: 1252:Southern Lebanon 1067: 1065: 1064: 1055: 1054: 1053: 1043: 1041: 1040: 1025: 1023: 1022: 1008: 1007: 996: 994: 993: 983: 981: 980: 970: 968: 967: 951: 949: 948: 938: 936: 935: 924: 922: 921: 911: 909: 908: 897: 895: 894: 884: 882: 881: 866: 864: 863: 854: 852: 851: 841: 839: 838: 828: 826: 825: 756:Southern Lebanon 745: 744: 738: 725: 716: 691: 682: 658: 643: 606: 597: 570: 561: 558:Palestinian-Arab 533: 518: 497:1947 UN proposal 493: 484: 451: 442: 433:proposal at the 417: 402: 395: 388: 339:, including the 208:southern Lebanon 77: 68: 61: 54: 45: 44: 36:Map showing the 21: 7713: 7712: 7708: 7707: 7706: 7704: 7703: 7702: 7678: 7677: 7647:Wayback Machine 7630:Wayback Machine 7620: 7609: 7604: 7594: 7592: 7573: 7572: 7568: 7558: 7556: 7539: 7535: 7525: 7523: 7511: 7507: 7497: 7495: 7478: 7474: 7464: 7462: 7443: 7439: 7429: 7427: 7410: 7409: 7405: 7395: 7393: 7378: 7374: 7364: 7362: 7353: 7352: 7348: 7338: 7336: 7321: 7314: 7304: 7302: 7291: 7282: 7276:Wayback Machine 7265: 7261: 7255:Wayback Machine 7246: 7242: 7230:Wayback Machine 7220: 7216: 7211:Wayback Machine 7198: 7191: 7181: 7179: 7177: 7161: 7157: 7145: 7143: 7130: 7129: 7125: 7120:Wayback Machine 7107: 7100: 7094:Wayback Machine 7086: 7082: 7067: 7063: 7051:Gerald M Adler 7050: 7046: 7019:10.2307/2203016 7000: 6996: 6978:10.2307/1520166 6963: 6959: 6924: 6920: 6911: 6909: 6872: 6868: 6858: 6856: 6845: 6841: 6832: 6830: 6785: 6781: 6775:Wayback Machine 6766: 6762: 6756:Wayback Machine 6747: 6740: 6735:Wayback Machine 6725: 6721: 6716:Wayback Machine 6706: 6702: 6692: 6690: 6681: 6680: 6676: 6666: 6664: 6653: 6649: 6640: 6638: 6629: 6628: 6624: 6617: 6613: 6604: 6602: 6587: 6583: 6578:Wayback Machine 6567: 6563: 6557:Wayback Machine 6548: 6544: 6534: 6532: 6528: 6521: 6517: 6516: 6512: 6499: 6498: 6494: 6485: 6483: 6476:"Neturei Karta" 6474: 6473: 6469: 6460: 6458: 6447: 6443: 6433: 6431: 6416: 6412: 6402: 6400: 6385: 6381: 6375:Wayback Machine 6366: 6362: 6356:Wayback Machine 6347: 6343: 6338: 6334: 6326: 6322: 6305: 6301: 6291: 6289: 6278: 6271: 6265:Wayback Machine 6256: 6252: 6242: 6240: 6229: 6225: 6215: 6213: 6204: 6203: 6196: 6188:Yehuda Z. Blum 6187: 6183: 6172: 6170: 6161: 6160: 6156: 6145: 6143: 6134: 6133: 6129: 6119: 6117: 6108: 6107: 6103: 6088: 6084: 6078:Wayback Machine 6069: 6065: 6059:Wayback Machine 6050: 6046: 6035: 6031: 6025:Wayback Machine 6016: 6009: 5999:Wayback Machine 5989: 5985: 5976: 5974: 5953: 5952: 5948: 5938: 5936: 5931:. 20 May 2001. 5921: 5920: 5916: 5906: 5904: 5885: 5884: 5880: 5874:Wayback Machine 5865: 5861: 5851: 5849: 5848:on May 15, 2007 5840: 5839: 5835: 5825: 5823: 5814: 5813: 5809: 5799: 5797: 5784: 5783: 5779: 5770: 5768: 5755: 5754: 5750: 5740: 5738: 5725: 5724: 5720: 5711: 5709: 5698: 5694: 5685: 5683: 5672: 5668: 5658:Wayback Machine 5649: 5645: 5636: 5634: 5625: 5624: 5620: 5611:Wayback Machine 5602: 5598: 5588:Wayback Machine 5578: 5574: 5568:Wayback Machine 5559: 5555: 5549:Wayback Machine 5540: 5536: 5530:Wayback Machine 5521: 5517: 5503: 5501: 5488: 5487: 5483: 5473:Wayback Machine 5464: 5460: 5448: 5441: 5431:Wayback Machine 5421: 5414: 5410:, July 9, 2004. 5404:Wayback Machine 5395: 5391: 5367: 5363: 5354: 5352: 5339: 5338: 5334: 5325: 5323: 5315: 5314: 5310: 5301: 5299: 5286: 5285: 5281: 5272: 5270: 5255: 5251: 5241: 5239: 5222: 5215: 5206:Wayback Machine 5197: 5193: 5183: 5181: 5164: 5160: 5150: 5148: 5133: 5132: 5128: 5121: 5105: 5101: 5089: 5085: 5076: 5074: 5065: 5062: 5058: 5052:Wayback Machine 5043: 5039: 5029: 5027: 5012: 5008: 4998: 4996: 4981: 4980: 4976: 4966: 4964: 4949: 4945: 4935: 4933: 4918: 4914: 4905: 4903: 4890: 4889: 4885: 4876: 4874: 4861: 4860: 4856: 4847: 4845: 4830: 4826: 4816: 4814: 4805: 4803: 4799: 4790: 4788: 4775: 4774: 4770: 4765:Wayback Machine 4757: 4753: 4744: 4742: 4737:. 18 May 2023. 4729: 4728: 4724: 4714: 4712: 4699: 4698: 4694: 4685: 4683: 4670: 4669: 4665: 4655: 4653: 4649: 4642: 4638: 4628: 4624: 4615: 4613: 4604: 4603: 4599: 4580: 4576: 4571: 4567: 4558: 4556: 4551:. Btselem.org. 4547: 4546: 4542: 4532: 4530: 4523: 4507: 4503: 4498: 4494: 4482: 4476: 4467: 4465: 4461: 4456:Wayback Machine 4445: 4441: 4431:Wayback Machine 4421: 4417: 4405:Wayback Machine 4396: 4392: 4386:Wayback Machine 4377: 4373: 4367:Wayback Machine 4358: 4354: 4344: 4322: 4318: 4308: 4306: 4297: 4296: 4292: 4286:Wayback Machine 4277: 4268: 4255:Wayback Machine 4235:Wayback Machine 4225: 4221: 4214: 4197: 4193: 4187:Wayback Machine 4178: 4174: 4159: 4155: 4141: 4139: 4128: 4127: 4123: 4113: 4111: 4100: 4096: 4087: 4085: 4072: 4071: 4067: 4050: 4046: 4036: 4034: 4019: 4010: 4004:Wayback Machine 3995: 3988: 3978: 3976: 3968:Washington Post 3959: 3955: 3945: 3943: 3930: 3929: 3925: 3920:Wayback Machine 3911: 3907: 3901:Wayback Machine 3892: 3888: 3879:Wayback Machine 3869: 3865: 3855:Wayback Machine 3846: 3842: 3833: 3831: 3822: 3821: 3817: 3807: 3805: 3796: 3795: 3791: 3782: 3780: 3769: 3762: 3756:Wayback Machine 3747: 3740: 3731: 3729: 3716: 3715: 3708: 3698: 3696: 3683: 3682: 3675: 3666: 3664: 3655: 3654: 3650: 3644:Wayback Machine 3635: 3631: 3625:Wayback Machine 3616: 3612: 3595: 3593: 3576: 3572: 3566:Wayback Machine 3555: 3548: 3539: 3537: 3524: 3523: 3519: 3509: 3507: 3495: 3488: 3478: 3476: 3459: 3452: 3442: 3440: 3438: 3421: 3417: 3408: 3406: 3393: 3392: 3385: 3376: 3374: 3365: 3364: 3357: 3348: 3346: 3342: 3335: 3331: 3330: 3326: 3322: 3317: 3316: 3307: 3303: 3290: 3286: 3275: 3270: 3266: 3261: 3254: 3245: 3241: 3220: 3213: 3205: 3198: 3181: 3177: 3168: 3161: 3152: 3148: 3143: 3106: 3097: 3051: 3021: 2974: 2964: 2805:Wayback Machine 2794:Wayback Machine 2779: 2767:State of Israel 2748:State of Israel 2716:Deuteronomy 1:7 2706:Numbers 34:1–15 2701:Exodus 23:28–33 2596:Numbers 34:1–15 2588: 2580:Main articles: 2578: 2537:" rather than " 2433: 2358:The settlement 2339: 2323:Jewish presence 2304: 2279: 2274: 2264: 2027: 2021: 1843: 1837: 1667: 1661: 1653:Main articles: 1651: 1612: 1607: 1599:Main articles: 1597: 1479: 1473: 1328: 1317: 1311: 1308: 1293: 1277: 1266: 1250:Main articles: 1248: 1215:Sinai Peninsula 1211: 1205: 1203:Sinai Peninsula 1155:Southern half: 1145:British Mandate 1092: 1062: 1060: 1051: 1049: 1038: 1036: 1020: 1018: 1017: 1002: 991: 989: 978: 976: 965: 963: 955:(1947–present) 946: 944: 943: 933: 931: 919: 917: 916: 906: 904: 892: 890: 889: 879: 877: 874:, 2000–present) 861: 859: 858: 849: 847: 836: 834: 823: 821: 812: 810: 788: 768: 751:Sinai Peninsula 743: 742: 741: 740: 739: 735:ethnic majority 732: 726: 718: 717: 698: 692: 684: 683: 668: 659: 648: 647: 646: 645: 644: 624:Sinai Peninsula 613: 607: 599: 598: 579: 571: 563: 562: 540: 534: 523: 522: 521: 520: 519: 500: 494: 486: 485: 461:Peel Commission 458: 452: 444: 443: 424: 418: 409: 408: 407: 406: 329:occupying power 321: 204:Sinai Peninsula 185: 180: 159: 138: 79: 75: 72: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 7711: 7701: 7700: 7695: 7690: 7676: 7675: 7665: 7650: 7632: 7623:" by Dore Gold 7616: 7608: 7607:External links 7605: 7603: 7602: 7566: 7533: 7505: 7472: 7437: 7403: 7372: 7346: 7312: 7280: 7259: 7240: 7214: 7189: 7175: 7155: 7123: 7098: 7080: 7061: 7044: 6994: 6957: 6918: 6866: 6839: 6779: 6760: 6738: 6719: 6700: 6674: 6647: 6622: 6611: 6581: 6561: 6542: 6510: 6507:on 2007-04-15. 6492: 6467: 6441: 6410: 6379: 6360: 6341: 6332: 6320: 6299: 6288:on 9 July 2011 6269: 6250: 6223: 6194: 6181: 6154: 6127: 6101: 6096:2005-10-28 at 6082: 6063: 6044: 6037:Yoram Dinstein 6029: 6007: 5983: 5946: 5914: 5878: 5859: 5833: 5807: 5777: 5763:. 2023-10-09. 5748: 5718: 5692: 5666: 5643: 5618: 5596: 5579:Richard Falk, 5572: 5553: 5534: 5515: 5481: 5458: 5439: 5412: 5389: 5379:New York Times 5372:(7 May 2021). 5361: 5332: 5308: 5279: 5249: 5213: 5191: 5158: 5126: 5119: 5099: 5083: 5056: 5037: 5006: 4974: 4943: 4912: 4883: 4854: 4838:New York Times 4824: 4797: 4787:on 25 May 2012 4768: 4751: 4722: 4692: 4663: 4622: 4597: 4587:2012-07-30 at 4574: 4565: 4540: 4521: 4501: 4492: 4459: 4439: 4415: 4390: 4371: 4352: 4342: 4316: 4290: 4266: 4242:on to publish 4219: 4212: 4191: 4172: 4153: 4121: 4094: 4065: 4044: 4008: 3986: 3953: 3923: 3905: 3886: 3863: 3840: 3815: 3789: 3760: 3738: 3724:. 2009-01-19. 3706: 3689:United Nations 3673: 3648: 3629: 3610: 3570: 3546: 3517: 3486: 3450: 3436: 3415: 3383: 3355: 3323: 3321: 3318: 3315: 3314: 3301: 3284: 3264: 3252: 3239: 3211: 3196: 3175: 3159: 3145: 3144: 3142: 3139: 3138: 3137: 3132: 3127: 3122: 3117: 3112: 3105: 3102: 3096: 3093: 3055:European Union 3050: 3047: 3020: 3017: 2991:Protestors in 2963: 2960: 2778: 2775: 2724: 2723: 2718: 2713: 2708: 2703: 2698: 2627:ʼÉreṣ Yiśrāʼēl 2616:Land of Israel 2586:Greater Israel 2582:Land of Israel 2577: 2574: 2547:Yoram Dinstein 2432: 2429: 2338: 2335: 2327:biblical times 2303: 2300: 2278: 2275: 2263: 2260: 2254:remote sensing 2232:a major attack 2189:Israel Project 2138:United Nations 2115:First Intifada 2023:Main article: 2020: 2017: 1953:Mevaseret Zion 1924:Resolution 478 1897:East Jerusalem 1859:United Nations 1841:East Jerusalem 1839:Main article: 1836: 1835:East Jerusalem 1833: 1810:Regulation Law 1713:infrastructure 1694:United Kingdom 1650: 1647: 1611: 1608: 1596: 1593: 1570:Hafez Al-Assad 1558:land for peace 1545:annexation in 1519:Yom Kippur War 1475:Main article: 1472: 1469: 1411:United Nations 1330: 1329: 1280: 1278: 1271: 1247: 1244: 1207:Main article: 1204: 1201: 1198: 1197: 1191: 1188: 1185: 1182: 1179: 1176: 1169: 1168: 1165: 1162: 1159: 1153: 1150: 1147: 1140: 1139: 1132: 1122: 1097: 1085: 1082: 1079: 1072: 1071: 1047: 1034: 1000: 987: 974: 961: 957: 956: 929: 928:(1947–present) 902: 901:(1947–present) 875: 845: 832: 819: 815: 814: 807: 804: 801: 798: 792: 785: 781: 780: 775: 773:East Jerusalem 770: 763: 758: 753: 748: 727: 720: 719: 707:following the 693: 686: 685: 664:Oslo II Accord 660: 653: 652: 651: 650: 649: 628:Yom Kippur War 608: 601: 600: 572: 565: 564: 535: 528: 527: 526: 525: 524: 495: 488: 487: 453: 446: 445: 419: 412: 411: 410: 405: 404: 397: 390: 382: 381: 379: 378: 377: 376: 320: 317: 182: 181: 179: 178: 173: 167: 165: 161: 160: 158: 157: 152: 146: 144: 140: 139: 137: 136: 135: 134: 124: 119: 118: 117: 112: 101: 100: 94: 93: 87: 85: 81: 80: 71: 70: 63: 56: 48: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 7710: 7699: 7696: 7694: 7691: 7689: 7686: 7685: 7683: 7673: 7669: 7666: 7663: 7659: 7655: 7651: 7648: 7644: 7640: 7636: 7633: 7631: 7627: 7624: 7617: 7614: 7611: 7610: 7590: 7586: 7582: 7581: 7576: 7570: 7554: 7550: 7549: 7544: 7537: 7522: 7521: 7516: 7509: 7493: 7489: 7488: 7483: 7476: 7460: 7456: 7455: 7449: 7441: 7425: 7421: 7417: 7413: 7407: 7391: 7387: 7383: 7376: 7360: 7356: 7350: 7334: 7330: 7326: 7319: 7317: 7300: 7296: 7289: 7287: 7285: 7277: 7273: 7270: 7263: 7256: 7252: 7249: 7244: 7237: 7236: 7231: 7227: 7224: 7218: 7212: 7208: 7205: 7201: 7196: 7194: 7178: 7172: 7168: 7167: 7159: 7152: 7141: 7137: 7133: 7127: 7121: 7117: 7114: 7110: 7105: 7103: 7095: 7091: 7088: 7084: 7078: 7074: 7070: 7065: 7058: 7054: 7048: 7041: 7036: 7032: 7028: 7024: 7020: 7016: 7012: 7008: 7004: 7003:Roberts, Adam 6998: 6991: 6987: 6983: 6979: 6975: 6971: 6967: 6966:Falk, Richard 6961: 6954: 6949: 6945: 6941: 6937: 6933: 6929: 6922: 6907: 6903: 6899: 6894: 6889: 6885: 6881: 6877: 6870: 6854: 6850: 6843: 6828: 6824: 6820: 6816: 6812: 6807: 6802: 6798: 6794: 6790: 6783: 6776: 6772: 6769: 6764: 6757: 6753: 6750: 6745: 6743: 6736: 6732: 6729: 6723: 6717: 6713: 6710: 6704: 6688: 6684: 6678: 6662: 6658: 6651: 6636: 6632: 6626: 6620: 6615: 6600: 6596: 6592: 6585: 6579: 6575: 6572: 6570: 6565: 6558: 6554: 6551: 6546: 6527: 6520: 6514: 6506: 6502: 6496: 6481: 6477: 6471: 6457:on 2013-12-03 6456: 6452: 6445: 6429: 6425: 6421: 6414: 6398: 6394: 6390: 6383: 6376: 6372: 6369: 6364: 6357: 6353: 6350: 6345: 6336: 6330: 6324: 6317: 6313: 6309: 6303: 6287: 6283: 6276: 6274: 6266: 6262: 6259: 6254: 6238: 6234: 6227: 6211: 6207: 6201: 6199: 6191: 6185: 6168: 6164: 6158: 6141: 6137: 6131: 6115: 6111: 6105: 6099: 6095: 6092: 6086: 6079: 6075: 6072: 6067: 6060: 6056: 6053: 6048: 6041: 6038: 6033: 6026: 6022: 6019: 6014: 6012: 6004: 6000: 5996: 5993: 5987: 5972: 5968: 5964: 5960: 5959:The Economist 5956: 5950: 5934: 5930: 5929: 5924: 5918: 5902: 5898: 5894: 5893: 5888: 5882: 5875: 5871: 5868: 5863: 5847: 5843: 5837: 5821: 5817: 5811: 5795: 5791: 5787: 5781: 5766: 5762: 5758: 5752: 5736: 5732: 5728: 5722: 5707: 5703: 5696: 5682:on 2011-05-11 5681: 5677: 5670: 5663: 5659: 5655: 5652: 5647: 5632: 5628: 5622: 5615: 5614:Democracy Now 5612: 5608: 5605: 5600: 5593: 5589: 5585: 5582: 5576: 5569: 5565: 5562: 5557: 5550: 5546: 5543: 5538: 5531: 5527: 5524: 5519: 5512: 5499: 5495: 5491: 5485: 5478: 5474: 5470: 5467: 5462: 5455: 5451: 5446: 5444: 5436: 5432: 5428: 5425: 5419: 5417: 5409: 5405: 5401: 5398: 5393: 5385: 5382:. Jerusalem. 5381: 5380: 5375: 5371: 5365: 5350: 5346: 5342: 5336: 5322: 5318: 5312: 5297: 5293: 5289: 5283: 5268: 5264: 5260: 5253: 5237: 5233: 5232: 5227: 5220: 5218: 5211:, 14 May 2018 5210: 5207: 5203: 5200: 5195: 5179: 5175: 5174: 5169: 5162: 5146: 5142: 5141: 5136: 5130: 5122: 5116: 5112: 5111: 5103: 5097: 5093: 5087: 5073:on 2011-10-02 5072: 5068: 5060: 5053: 5049: 5046: 5041: 5025: 5021: 5017: 5010: 4994: 4990: 4989: 4984: 4978: 4962: 4958: 4954: 4947: 4931: 4927: 4923: 4916: 4901: 4897: 4893: 4887: 4872: 4868: 4864: 4858: 4843: 4839: 4835: 4828: 4813:on 2013-10-29 4812: 4808: 4801: 4786: 4782: 4778: 4772: 4766: 4762: 4759: 4755: 4740: 4736: 4732: 4726: 4710: 4706: 4702: 4696: 4681: 4677: 4673: 4667: 4648: 4641: 4636: 4632: 4626: 4612:on 2012-05-05 4611: 4607: 4601: 4594: 4590: 4589:archive.today 4586: 4583: 4578: 4569: 4554: 4550: 4544: 4528: 4524: 4518: 4514: 4513: 4505: 4496: 4488: 4481: 4480: 4474: 4463: 4457: 4453: 4450: 4443: 4436: 4432: 4428: 4425: 4419: 4412: 4411: 4406: 4402: 4399: 4394: 4387: 4383: 4380: 4375: 4368: 4364: 4361: 4356: 4349: 4345: 4339: 4335: 4330: 4329: 4320: 4304: 4300: 4294: 4287: 4283: 4280: 4275: 4273: 4271: 4264: 4260: 4256: 4252: 4249: 4245: 4240: 4236: 4232: 4229: 4223: 4215: 4209: 4205: 4204: 4195: 4188: 4184: 4181: 4176: 4170: 4166: 4162: 4157: 4148: 4137: 4133: 4132: 4125: 4109: 4105: 4098: 4083: 4079: 4075: 4069: 4061: 4060: 4055: 4048: 4032: 4028: 4024: 4017: 4015: 4013: 4005: 4001: 3998: 3993: 3991: 3974: 3970: 3969: 3964: 3957: 3941: 3937: 3933: 3927: 3921: 3917: 3914: 3909: 3902: 3898: 3895: 3890: 3884: 3880: 3876: 3873: 3867: 3860: 3856: 3852: 3849: 3844: 3830:on 2015-02-19 3829: 3825: 3819: 3803: 3799: 3793: 3778: 3774: 3767: 3765: 3757: 3753: 3750: 3745: 3743: 3727: 3723: 3719: 3713: 3711: 3695:on 8 May 2012 3694: 3690: 3686: 3680: 3678: 3663:on 2015-02-19 3662: 3658: 3652: 3645: 3641: 3638: 3633: 3626: 3622: 3619: 3614: 3607: 3605: 3591: 3587: 3586: 3581: 3574: 3567: 3563: 3560: 3559: 3553: 3551: 3535: 3531: 3527: 3521: 3506: 3505: 3504:BNN Bloomberg 3500: 3493: 3491: 3474: 3470: 3469: 3464: 3457: 3455: 3439: 3433: 3429: 3428: 3419: 3405:on 2017-10-10 3404: 3400: 3396: 3390: 3388: 3372: 3368: 3362: 3360: 3341: 3334: 3328: 3324: 3311: 3305: 3298: 3294: 3288: 3279: 3274: 3268: 3259: 3257: 3249: 3243: 3236: 3232: 3231:Gulf of Aqaba 3228: 3224: 3218: 3216: 3209: 3203: 3201: 3193: 3189: 3185: 3179: 3172: 3166: 3164: 3156: 3150: 3146: 3136: 3133: 3131: 3128: 3126: 3123: 3121: 3118: 3116: 3113: 3111: 3108: 3107: 3101: 3092: 3089: 3088:Hanan Ashrawi 3084: 3080: 3078: 3071: 3066: 3063: 3060: 3056: 3046: 3043: 3039: 3033: 3031: 3026: 3016: 3013: 3009: 3005: 2998: 2994: 2989: 2985: 2983: 2979: 2973: 2969: 2959: 2957: 2953: 2949: 2944: 2940: 2936: 2931: 2928: 2924: 2920: 2916: 2908: 2904: 2899: 2895: 2893: 2888: 2885:In 1986, the 2883: 2881: 2877: 2871: 2869: 2865: 2861: 2857: 2853: 2849: 2845: 2841: 2837: 2833: 2832:United States 2829: 2825: 2824:Jerusalem Law 2820: 2818: 2814: 2810: 2806: 2802: 2799: 2795: 2791: 2788: 2784: 2774: 2772: 2768: 2764: 2760: 2759:Neturei Karta 2756: 2751: 2749: 2745: 2741: 2737: 2733: 2729: 2722: 2719: 2717: 2714: 2712: 2709: 2707: 2704: 2702: 2699: 2697: 2694: 2693: 2692: 2689: 2687: 2683: 2679: 2675: 2671: 2667: 2663: 2659: 2655: 2651: 2646: 2644: 2640: 2636: 2632: 2631:Eretz Yisrael 2628: 2621: 2617: 2613: 2609: 2601: 2597: 2592: 2587: 2583: 2573: 2570: 2566: 2562: 2561: 2556: 2551: 2548: 2544: 2540: 2536: 2532: 2528: 2524: 2520: 2516: 2512: 2507: 2504: 2503:Theodor Meron 2500: 2493: 2489: 2484: 2480: 2478: 2474: 2470: 2466: 2465: 2460: 2455: 2449: 2445: 2441: 2438: 2427: 2425: 2418: 2416: 2411: 2409: 2405: 2401: 2396: 2392: 2388: 2384: 2377: 2373: 2368: 2361: 2356: 2352: 2349: 2344: 2334: 2332: 2328: 2325:beginning in 2324: 2319: 2315: 2313: 2309: 2302:Israeli views 2298: 2293: 2291: 2287: 2283: 2273: 2269: 2255: 2252: 2247: 2243: 2241: 2237: 2233: 2229: 2224: 2220: 2218: 2213: 2209: 2205: 2201: 2197: 2192: 2190: 2186: 2182: 2181:Democracy Now 2178: 2175:" wrote that 2174: 2170: 2166: 2162: 2159: 2155: 2150: 2147: 2143: 2139: 2135: 2130: 2127: 2124: 2116: 2111: 2107: 2105: 2101: 2096: 2091: 2086: 2084: 2079: 2077: 2073: 2068: 2066: 2061: 2059: 2055: 2050: 2048: 2044: 2040: 2031: 2026: 2016: 2014: 2013:Sheikh Jarrah 2010: 2006: 2003:In May 2021, 2001: 2000:citizenship. 1999: 1995: 1991: 1987: 1981: 1979: 1975: 1971: 1967: 1962: 1958: 1954: 1950: 1946: 1942: 1938: 1934: 1928: 1925: 1922: 1918: 1914: 1913:Jerusalem Law 1910: 1906: 1902: 1898: 1894: 1890: 1885: 1883: 1879: 1875: 1871: 1865:arrangements. 1864: 1860: 1855: 1847: 1842: 1832: 1830: 1826: 1822: 1817: 1815: 1811: 1806: 1799: 1794: 1790: 1787: 1783: 1779: 1776:In 2004, the 1774: 1772: 1768: 1765:, within the 1764: 1759: 1757: 1753: 1749: 1745: 1741: 1736: 1734: 1730: 1726: 1722: 1718: 1714: 1710: 1705: 1703: 1699: 1695: 1691: 1687: 1679: 1675: 1671: 1666: 1660: 1656: 1646: 1644: 1638: 1636: 1632: 1628: 1624: 1621: 1617: 1606: 1602: 1592: 1590: 1585: 1583: 1579: 1573: 1571: 1567: 1563: 1559: 1554: 1552: 1548: 1544: 1540: 1536: 1532: 1527: 1525: 1520: 1515: 1513: 1508: 1504: 1500: 1496: 1495:Golan Heights 1488: 1487:Golan Heights 1483: 1478: 1477:Golan Heights 1471:Golan Heights 1468: 1466: 1462: 1458: 1454: 1450: 1445: 1443: 1439: 1435: 1431: 1427: 1422: 1420: 1416: 1412: 1408: 1404: 1399: 1397: 1393: 1389: 1385: 1381: 1377: 1373: 1369: 1365: 1361: 1357: 1353: 1349: 1341: 1336: 1326: 1323: 1315: 1305: 1301: 1297: 1291: 1290: 1286: 1281:This section 1279: 1275: 1270: 1269: 1265: 1261: 1257: 1253: 1246:South Lebanon 1243: 1240: 1236: 1232: 1228: 1224: 1220: 1216: 1210: 1196: 1192: 1189: 1186: 1183: 1180: 1177: 1175: 1171: 1170: 1166: 1163: 1160: 1158: 1154: 1151: 1148: 1146: 1142: 1141: 1137: 1133: 1131: 1130:Jerusalem Law 1127: 1123: 1121: 1117: 1113: 1109: 1108: 1103: 1102: 1098: 1096: 1090: 1086: 1083: 1080: 1077: 1074: 1073: 1070: 1058: 1048: 1046: 1035: 1032: 1029:(Areas B and 1028: 1015: 1011: 1006: 1001: 999: 988: 986: 975: 973: 962: 959: 958: 954: 941: 930: 927: 914: 903: 900: 887: 876: 873: 869: 857: 846: 844: 833: 831: 820: 817: 816: 797: 791: 783: 782: 779: 776: 774: 771: 767: 764: 762: 761:Golan Heights 759: 757: 754: 752: 749: 747: 746: 736: 730: 724: 714: 710: 706: 702: 696: 690: 680: 676: 672: 666: 665: 657: 641: 637: 633: 629: 625: 621: 620:Golan Heights 617: 611: 605: 595: 591: 587: 583: 577: 576: 569: 559: 555: 551: 547: 543: 538: 532: 516: 512: 508: 504: 498: 492: 482: 478: 474: 470: 466: 462: 456: 450: 440: 436: 432: 428: 422: 416: 403: 398: 396: 391: 389: 384: 383: 375: 373: 369: 365: 361: 356: 354: 350: 346: 342: 338: 334: 330: 326: 316: 314: 310: 305: 303: 299: 295: 291: 287: 283: 279: 275: 271: 266: 264: 260: 256: 252: 248: 243: 241: 237: 233: 229: 226: 223: 219: 216: 215:controlled by 213: 209: 205: 201: 197: 196:Golan Heights 193: 189: 177: 174: 172: 169: 168: 166: 162: 156: 153: 151: 148: 147: 145: 141: 133: 130: 129: 128: 125: 123: 120: 116: 113: 111: 108: 107: 106: 103: 102: 99: 96: 95: 92: 89: 88: 86: 82: 78: 69: 64: 62: 57: 55: 50: 49: 46: 39: 34: 30: 19: 7653: 7593:. Retrieved 7578: 7569: 7557:. Retrieved 7546: 7536: 7524:. Retrieved 7520:The Guardian 7518: 7508: 7496:. Retrieved 7485: 7475: 7463:. Retrieved 7452: 7440: 7428:. Retrieved 7419: 7415: 7406: 7394:. Retrieved 7388:. Tel Aviv. 7385: 7375: 7363:. Retrieved 7349: 7337:. Retrieved 7331:. Tel Aviv. 7328: 7303:. Retrieved 7299:The Guardian 7298: 7262: 7243: 7235:The Guardian 7233: 7217: 7199: 7180:. Retrieved 7165: 7158: 7150: 7144:. Retrieved 7126: 7108: 7083: 7068: 7064: 7056: 7047: 7038: 7010: 7006: 6997: 6989: 6969: 6960: 6951: 6931: 6927: 6921: 6910:. Retrieved 6883: 6879: 6869: 6857:. Retrieved 6842: 6831:. Retrieved 6796: 6792: 6782: 6763: 6722: 6703: 6691:. Retrieved 6687:the original 6677: 6665:. Retrieved 6650: 6639:. Retrieved 6625: 6614: 6603:. Retrieved 6595:The Guardian 6594: 6584: 6564: 6545: 6533:. Retrieved 6513: 6505:the original 6495: 6484:. Retrieved 6470: 6459:. Retrieved 6455:the original 6444: 6432:. Retrieved 6423: 6413: 6401:. Retrieved 6392: 6382: 6363: 6344: 6335: 6328: 6323: 6307: 6302: 6290:. Retrieved 6286:the original 6253: 6241:. Retrieved 6226: 6214:. Retrieved 6184: 6171:. Retrieved 6167:the original 6157: 6144:. Retrieved 6140:the original 6130: 6118:. Retrieved 6114:the original 6104: 6085: 6066: 6061:(RTF format) 6047: 6032: 5986: 5975:. Retrieved 5958: 5949: 5939:26 September 5937:. Retrieved 5926: 5917: 5907:26 September 5905:. Retrieved 5892:Danny Ayalon 5890: 5881: 5862: 5850:. Retrieved 5846:the original 5836: 5824:. Retrieved 5820:the original 5810: 5798:. Retrieved 5789: 5780: 5769:. Retrieved 5760: 5751: 5739:. Retrieved 5730: 5721: 5710:. Retrieved 5695: 5684:. Retrieved 5680:the original 5669: 5646: 5635:. Retrieved 5621: 5599: 5575: 5556: 5537: 5518: 5509: 5502:. Retrieved 5493: 5484: 5461: 5392: 5377: 5364: 5353:. Retrieved 5344: 5335: 5324:. Retrieved 5320: 5311: 5300:. Retrieved 5291: 5282: 5271:. Retrieved 5262: 5252: 5240:. Retrieved 5229: 5194: 5182:. Retrieved 5171: 5161: 5149:. Retrieved 5138: 5129: 5109: 5102: 5086: 5075:. Retrieved 5071:the original 5059: 5040: 5028:. Retrieved 5019: 5009: 4997:. Retrieved 4986: 4977: 4965:. Retrieved 4957:The Guardian 4956: 4946: 4934:. Retrieved 4925: 4915: 4904:. Retrieved 4895: 4886: 4875:. Retrieved 4866: 4857: 4846:. Retrieved 4837: 4827: 4815:. Retrieved 4811:the original 4800: 4789:. Retrieved 4785:the original 4771: 4754: 4743:. Retrieved 4734: 4725: 4713:. Retrieved 4704: 4695: 4684:. Retrieved 4675: 4666: 4654:. Retrieved 4647:the original 4625: 4614:. Retrieved 4610:the original 4600: 4577: 4568: 4557:. Retrieved 4543: 4531:. Retrieved 4511: 4504: 4495: 4478: 4462: 4442: 4434: 4418: 4408: 4393: 4374: 4355: 4347: 4327: 4319: 4307:. Retrieved 4303:the original 4293: 4243: 4222: 4203:Jimmy Carter 4202: 4194: 4175: 4160: 4156: 4145:– via 4140:. Retrieved 4130: 4124: 4112:. Retrieved 4097: 4086:. Retrieved 4068: 4059:The Guardian 4057: 4047: 4035:. Retrieved 4026: 3979:December 10, 3977:. Retrieved 3966: 3956: 3944:. Retrieved 3935: 3926: 3908: 3889: 3866: 3843: 3832:. Retrieved 3828:the original 3818: 3806:. Retrieved 3792: 3781:. Retrieved 3730:. Retrieved 3697:. Retrieved 3693:the original 3665:. Retrieved 3661:the original 3651: 3632: 3613: 3603: 3601: 3594:. Retrieved 3583: 3573: 3557: 3538:. Retrieved 3529: 3520: 3508:. Retrieved 3502: 3477:. Retrieved 3466: 3441:. Retrieved 3426: 3418: 3407:. Retrieved 3403:the original 3375:. Retrieved 3371:the original 3347:. Retrieved 3327: 3304: 3287: 3267: 3242: 3235:Saudi Arabia 3178: 3155:Mount Hermon 3149: 3098: 3085: 3081: 3073: 3068: 3064: 3052: 3034: 3022: 3014: 3010: 3006: 3002: 2975: 2932: 2912: 2903:Donald Trump 2884: 2872: 2821: 2780: 2752: 2725: 2690: 2647: 2643:Hebrew Bible 2630: 2626: 2605: 2558: 2554: 2552: 2531:negotiations 2508: 2497: 2462: 2459:Meir Shamgar 2456: 2452: 2434: 2423: 2420: 2412: 2380: 2340: 2320: 2316: 2305: 2295: 2280: 2240:Yoav Gallant 2225: 2221: 2193: 2169:human rights 2161:Richard Falk 2151: 2131: 2120: 2087: 2080: 2069: 2062: 2051: 2036: 2002: 1982: 1929: 1886: 1868: 1818: 1807: 1803: 1775: 1760: 1737: 1706: 1683: 1639: 1620:Palestinians 1613: 1589:Shebaa farms 1586: 1574: 1555: 1542: 1528: 1516: 1514:was signed. 1501:in the 1967 1492: 1446: 1423: 1400: 1379: 1345: 1342:in July 1993 1318: 1309: 1294:Please help 1282: 1221:in the 1967 1212: 1105: 1099: 872:Shebaa Farms 806:1967–present 803:1967–present 800:1967–present 728: 695:2005–present 694: 671:Oslo Accords 661: 609: 573: 536: 496: 475:, including 454: 420: 357: 353:peace treaty 348: 322: 306: 290:Richard Falk 267: 244: 186: 74: 29: 6693:26 December 6667:26 December 6449:N.S. Gill. 5831:. alhaq.org 5504:October 19, 5422:Dore Gold, 5242:25 November 5173:Arutz Sheva 5140:Arutz Sheva 4379:Golan Facts 4348:0876091052. 4037:February 9, 3276: [ 2930:situation. 2676:and to the 2565:Edmund Levy 2560:Levy Report 2492:Palestinian 2486:Map of the 2126:Tzipi Livni 1966:Embassy Act 1959:passed the 1941:El Salvador 1911:passed the 1905:Six-Day War 1798:Neve Daniel 1729:Enclave law 1503:Six-Day War 1485:Map of the 1354:during the 1223:Six-Day War 1112:settlements 942:(1949–1979) 915:(1949–1988) 888:(1949–1988) 616:Six-Day War 614:During the 554:public land 286:reparations 280:all regard 272:(ICJ), the 236:settlements 200:Six-Day War 7682:Categories 7457:. London. 7182:15 January 7146:2010-10-04 6912:2022-03-19 6833:2022-03-19 6641:2015-02-20 6605:2009-03-08 6535:13 January 6486:2016-03-06 6461:2013-11-20 6434:13 January 6120:2006-09-11 6098:Archive-It 5977:2024-07-22 5852:2017-04-15 5826:2006-04-02 5800:10 October 5771:2023-10-10 5761:Al Jazeera 5712:2009-02-17 5686:2009-03-26 5637:2009-01-23 5355:2022-07-13 5326:2022-04-30 5302:2022-04-30 5273:2022-07-13 5077:2011-11-26 5030:10 October 4999:10 October 4967:10 October 4936:10 October 4906:2023-10-10 4877:2020-09-26 4848:2017-02-06 4817:2014-09-27 4791:2012-08-13 4745:2023-10-10 4715:10 October 4705:Al-Jazeera 4686:2023-10-10 4656:2013-08-18 4616:2012-08-13 4559:2012-08-13 4533:15 October 4309:2017-04-15 4142:2024-01-30 4088:2023-01-25 3946:10 January 3834:2015-01-24 3783:2009-05-30 3732:2009-06-05 3667:2015-01-24 3540:2014-01-06 3443:15 January 3409:2012-04-29 3377:2012-04-29 3349:2018-08-27 3320:References 3293:Allon Plan 2966:See also: 2939:as illegal 2901:President 2809:465 (1980) 2798:452 (1979) 2787:446 (1979) 2757:Jews, the 2678:Israelites 2645:passages. 2473:Gaza Strip 2387:Elon Moreh 2360:Elon Moreh 2095:Gush Katif 2070:Since the 2025:Gaza Strip 2019:Gaza Strip 1937:Costa Rica 1882:referendum 1786:Ehud Barak 1738:Since the 1702:Green Line 1688:, but the 1663:See also: 1610:Background 1535:annexation 1489:since 1974 1457:Ehud Barak 1421:in 1978). 1312:April 2023 1227:Gaza Strip 1157:until 1923 818:Claimed by 809:1956–1957, 794:1948–1949, 787:1956–1957, 778:Gaza Strip 699:After the 669:Under the 592:, showing 372:war crimes 349:status quo 276:, and the 261:under the 259:Gaza Strip 212:Gaza Strip 198:since the 143:Historical 40:as of 2018 7698:West Asia 7465:12 August 7430:12 August 7396:12 August 7365:12 August 7339:12 August 7305:12 August 7269:Jerusalem 7035:145514740 6902:0938-5428 6823:245698763 6815:1386-1972 6799:(1): 26. 5967:0013-0613 5741:7 October 3932:"407,118" 3596:March 12, 2933:Multiple 2880:war crime 2868:Jerusalem 2488:West Bank 2477:Dore Gold 2469:West Bank 2308:maintains 2230:launched 1998:Jordanian 1917:Basic Law 1895:captured 1878:Bethlehem 1870:Jerusalem 1767:West Bank 1733:civil law 1678:West Bank 1659:West Bank 1649:West Bank 1465:Blue Line 1442:Marjayoun 1430:Maronites 1283:does not 1172:Contains 1126:Jerusalem 953:Palestine 926:Palestine 899:Palestine 868:Hezbollah 811:1967–2005 796:1982–2000 790:1967–1982 766:West Bank 469:Bethlehem 465:Jerusalem 255:West Bank 238:, is the 222:West Bank 7643:Archived 7626:Archived 7589:Archived 7580:Barron's 7559:July 22, 7553:Archived 7526:July 22, 7492:Archived 7487:BBC News 7459:Archived 7424:Archived 7390:Archived 7359:Archived 7333:Archived 7301:. London 7272:Archived 7251:Archived 7226:Archived 7207:Archived 7140:Archived 7116:Archived 7090:Archived 6906:Archived 6853:Archived 6827:Archived 6771:Archived 6752:Archived 6731:Archived 6712:Archived 6661:Archived 6659:. ICRC. 6635:Archived 6599:Archived 6574:Archived 6553:Archived 6526:Archived 6480:Archived 6428:Archived 6397:Archived 6371:Archived 6352:Archived 6261:Archived 6237:Archived 6216:3 August 6210:Archived 6094:Archived 6074:Archived 6055:Archived 6021:Archived 5995:Archived 5971:Archived 5933:Archived 5901:Archived 5870:Archived 5794:Archived 5765:Archived 5735:Archived 5731:BBC News 5706:Archived 5654:Archived 5631:Archived 5607:Archived 5584:Archived 5564:Archived 5545:Archived 5526:Archived 5498:Archived 5469:Archived 5427:Archived 5400:Archived 5384:Archived 5349:Archived 5296:Archived 5267:Archived 5236:Archived 5209:Fox News 5202:Archived 5178:Archived 5145:Archived 5048:Archived 5024:Archived 4993:Archived 4988:Le Monde 4961:Archived 4930:Archived 4900:Archived 4871:Archived 4842:Archived 4761:Archived 4739:Archived 4709:Archived 4680:Archived 4585:Archived 4553:Archived 4527:Archived 4452:Archived 4427:Archived 4401:Archived 4382:Archived 4363:Archived 4282:Archived 4257:, 2004. 4251:Archived 4231:Archived 4183:Archived 4136:Archived 4108:Archived 4082:Archived 4031:Archived 4000:Archived 3973:Archived 3940:Archived 3916:Archived 3897:Archived 3875:Archived 3851:Archived 3802:Archived 3777:Archived 3752:Archived 3726:Archived 3699:29 April 3640:Archived 3621:Archived 3590:Archived 3562:Archived 3534:Archived 3479:July 22, 3473:Archived 3468:Le Monde 3340:Archived 3104:See also 2862:and the 2801:Archived 2790:Archived 2761:opposes 2662:Prophets 2539:occupied 2535:disputed 2509:Various 2286:Ramallah 2217:Gaza War 1949:Paraguay 1933:Tel Aviv 1901:Old City 1899:and the 1627:refugees 1543:de facto 1394:and its 1350:invaded 1107:de facto 1104:no, but 343:and the 319:Overview 257:and the 220:and the 194:and the 164:Proposed 7674:(OHCHR) 7637:, from 7595:21 July 7498:21 July 7386:Haaretz 7329:Haaretz 7200:Haaretz 7109:Haaretz 7027:2203016 6986:1520166 6948:2536268 6403:10 July 6292:30 June 6243:29 July 6173:June 1, 6146:June 1, 5897:YouTube 5704:. CBS. 5662:Reuters 5231:Haaretz 4896:Haaretz 4867:Reuters 4735:Haaretz 4435:Haaretz 4410:Haaretz 4336:, 108. 4147:YouTube 4114:June 8, 4078:Haaretz 3881:by the 3861:, 2004. 3775:. CNN. 3604:Haaretz 3585:Haaretz 3510:21 July 3227:Sanafir 2917:on the 2771:Messiah 2763:Zionism 2670:Abraham 2654:Genesis 2553:In the 2527:history 2515:dispute 2464:de jure 2376:Abu Dis 2374:, near 2171:in the 2117:in 1987 2011:in the 2005:clashes 1970:Clinton 1945:Bolivia 1909:Knesset 1709:mayoral 1517:In the 1438:Hasbaya 1426:Shiites 1388:Lebanon 1352:Lebanon 1304:removed 1289:sources 1128:by the 1114:within 1101:De jure 1093:by the 1014:Areas A 985:Lebanon 843:Lebanon 307:Israel 84:Ongoing 7670:, The 7660: 7173: 7075: 7033: 7025: 6984: 6946: 6900: 6821: 6813: 6314: 5965: 5184:7 June 5151:7 June 5117: 4519: 4340: 4261: 4210: 4167: 3808:11 May 3434: 3295:. The 2927:Israel 2858:, the 2854:, the 2850:, the 2755:Haredi 2738:, the 2734:, the 2730:. The 2658:Exodus 2620:Hebrew 2519:Israel 2362:, 2008 2282:Al Haq 2045:, the 1976:, and 1955:. The 1893:Jordan 1814:Area C 1756:troops 1748:cities 1674:Area C 1451:, the 1432:, and 1372:Beirut 1348:Israel 1262:, and 1116:Area C 1076:Israel 1069:Israel 1066: 1045:Israel 1042: 1027:Israel 1024: 1016:and B) 998:Israel 995: 982: 969: 950: 937: 923: 913:Jordan 910: 896: 886:Jordan 883: 865: 853: 840: 827: 673:, the 228:Jordan 188:Israel 7031:S2CID 7023:JSTOR 6982:JSTOR 6944:JSTOR 6859:5 May 6819:S2CID 6529:(PDF) 6522:(PDF) 6318:p. 99 5511:2005. 4650:(PDF) 4643:(PDF) 4483:(PDF) 4475:from 3343:(PDF) 3336:(PDF) 3280:] 3223:Tiran 3141:Notes 2682:Jacob 2674:Isaac 2650:Torah 2257:1992. 2228:Hamas 1978:Obama 1857:2018 1623:Arabs 1582:Druze 1499:Syria 1497:from 1434:Druze 1231:Yamit 1219:Egypt 1217:from 1057:Hamas 972:Egypt 940:Egypt 856:Syria 830:Egypt 662:1995 515:Jaffa 481:Ramle 477:Lydda 473:Jaffa 232:Syria 218:Egypt 7658:ISBN 7597:2024 7561:2024 7528:2024 7500:2024 7467:2013 7432:2013 7398:2013 7367:2013 7341:2013 7307:2013 7184:2012 7171:ISBN 7073:ISBN 6898:ISSN 6861:2018 6811:ISSN 6726:see 6707:see 6695:2010 6669:2010 6537:2018 6436:2018 6405:2012 6312:ISBN 6294:2017 6245:2010 6218:2010 6175:2016 6148:2016 6089:see 5963:ISSN 5941:2013 5909:2013 5802:2023 5743:2023 5506:2023 5263:JISS 5244:2014 5186:2017 5153:2017 5115:ISBN 5032:2023 5001:2023 4969:2023 4938:2023 4717:2023 4535:2018 4517:ISBN 4338:ISBN 4259:ISBN 4208:ISBN 4165:ISBN 4116:2020 4039:2017 3981:2023 3948:2016 3883:ICRC 3810:2012 3701:2012 3598:2017 3512:2024 3481:2024 3445:2012 3432:ISBN 3225:and 3206:See 3171:Taba 3077:NGOs 3023:The 2970:and 2656:and 2635:Jews 2598:and 2584:and 2471:and 2381:The 2270:and 2146:NGOs 1974:Bush 1947:and 1939:and 1746:and 1657:and 1629:who 1603:and 1287:any 1285:cite 1193:No; 1167:Yes 1059:and 703:and 634:and 580:The 550:PICA 548:and 479:and 467:and 268:The 206:and 7548:CNN 7015:doi 6974:doi 6936:doi 6888:doi 6801:doi 4631:doi 4593:CNN 4334:105 2993:Lod 2666:God 2525:or 2251:CIA 1298:by 1239:oil 1190:Yes 1187:Yes 1184:Yes 1164:Yes 1161:Yes 1010:PNA 640:PLO 556:or 546:JNF 7684:: 7583:. 7577:. 7551:. 7545:. 7517:. 7490:. 7484:. 7451:. 7420:56 7418:. 7414:. 7384:. 7327:. 7315:^ 7297:. 7283:^ 7232:, 7192:^ 7149:. 7134:. 7101:^ 7055:. 7037:. 7029:. 7021:. 7011:84 7009:. 6988:. 6980:. 6950:. 6942:. 6932:11 6930:. 6904:. 6896:. 6884:31 6882:. 6878:. 6851:. 6825:. 6817:. 6809:. 6797:22 6795:. 6791:. 6741:^ 6597:. 6593:. 6426:. 6422:. 6395:. 6391:. 6272:^ 6197:^ 6010:^ 5969:. 5961:. 5957:. 5925:. 5895:. 5889:. 5788:. 5759:. 5729:. 5590:, 5508:. 5492:. 5475:, 5452:, 5442:^ 5433:, 5415:^ 5406:, 5376:. 5347:. 5343:. 5319:. 5290:. 5265:. 5261:. 5234:. 5228:. 5216:^ 5176:. 5170:. 5137:. 5022:. 5018:. 4985:. 4959:. 4955:. 4928:. 4924:. 4894:. 4869:. 4865:. 4840:. 4836:. 4779:. 4733:. 4703:. 4674:. 4591:, 4525:. 4485:. 4433:. 4407:, 4346:. 4269:^ 4246:, 4106:. 4076:. 4056:. 4029:. 4025:. 4011:^ 3989:^ 3971:. 3965:. 3934:. 3857:, 3763:^ 3741:^ 3720:. 3709:^ 3687:. 3676:^ 3600:. 3588:. 3582:. 3549:^ 3532:. 3528:. 3501:. 3489:^ 3471:. 3465:. 3453:^ 3397:. 3386:^ 3358:^ 3338:. 3278:he 3255:^ 3214:^ 3199:^ 3162:^ 2882:. 2852:EU 2834:. 2807:, 2796:, 2773:. 2629:, 2622:: 2410:. 2393:. 2333:. 2314:. 2202:. 2163:, 2140:, 2078:. 2067:. 2049:. 1972:, 1891:, 1723:, 1719:, 1704:) 1700:, 1553:. 1467:. 1455:, 1428:, 1258:, 1254:, 1181:No 1152:No 1149:No 1084:No 1081:No 731:: 697:: 681:". 667:: 612:: 578:: 539:: 499:: 457:: 423:: 265:. 242:. 225:by 7664:. 7641:( 7621:' 7599:. 7563:. 7530:. 7502:. 7469:. 7434:. 7400:. 7369:. 7343:. 7309:. 7186:. 7017:: 6976:: 6938:: 6915:. 6890:: 6863:. 6836:. 6803:: 6697:. 6671:. 6644:. 6608:. 6539:. 6489:. 6464:. 6438:. 6407:. 6296:. 6247:. 6220:. 6177:. 6150:. 6123:. 5980:. 5943:. 5911:. 5855:. 5829:. 5804:. 5774:. 5745:. 5715:. 5689:. 5664:. 5640:. 5570:. 5358:. 5329:. 5305:. 5276:. 5246:. 5188:. 5155:. 5123:. 5080:. 5034:. 5003:. 4971:. 4940:. 4909:. 4880:. 4851:. 4822:. 4820:. 4794:. 4748:. 4719:. 4689:. 4659:. 4633:: 4619:. 4562:. 4537:. 4489:. 4388:. 4312:. 4216:. 4149:. 4118:. 4091:. 4062:. 4041:. 3983:. 3950:. 3837:. 3812:. 3786:. 3735:. 3703:. 3670:. 3543:. 3514:. 3483:. 3447:. 3412:. 3380:. 3352:. 3194:. 2618:( 1325:) 1319:( 1314:) 1310:( 1306:. 1292:. 1091:, 1033:) 1031:C 1012:( 870:( 596:. 483:. 441:. 401:e 394:t 387:v 67:e 60:t 53:v 20:)

Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.

Knowledge

Israeli-occupied territories

Index