1405:
government also had problems with accepting Islam as an official religion at first. By the 1990s, the Cuban government was becoming more accepting of public practice. At first, Islam in Cuba was difficult to practice because of the lack of Islam books in
Spanish—but with the completion of a mosque in Havana in 2015, it has become easier for people to worship. A lot has changed from the time when Muslims in Cuba could have faced consequences because of the government to having their own mosque with teachers. The change for some Muslim Cubans are difficult because they have always eaten pork and used alcohol. The change for many will be gradual because of lack of formal teaching and imams in the past. Since the Cuban Muslim community is still young many of the Cuban traditions have blended with the new Muslim traditions. With new teachers and a public place to worship more Cubans will be exposed to Islam and the religion will grow.
118:
2247:
24:
1500:
1486:
1288:
1384:
or, as the
British colonists called them, Mohammedanists. Many different groups of Africans arrived in Cuba in the nineteenth century and joined with the Mandingas because of a jihad in Western Africa. Little formal records exist on the impact of Islam on Cuba in the colonial times, but the Registry
1347:
At a certain point, there were many Muslim students entering the nation of Cuba interested in studying at Cuba's prestigious schools. The number of students was approximately 1500–2000. That group included students of
Pakistani origin, among others. It is known that the dominant population that went
1372:
Islam was largely introduced to Cuba during the colonial times (the late sixteenth century to the nineteenth century). This introduction, though, was not from colonists, but from Muslim
Western African slaves who arrived in Cuba. Between 1808 and 1848, 49.4% (20,654) of the enslaved Muslim Africans
1424:
was reported to have promised to build a mosque for his country's
Muslims, according to members of the Humanitarian Aid Foundation (IHH) who visited Cuba. In the past, the only prayers performed in public were the Friday Prayers that were conducted in a place known as Casa de los Árabes ("The Arab
1400:
Cuban
Muslims learned Islam through embassies of Middle Eastern countries as well as through students coming to study in Cuba from Muslim countries. Islam started to spread among Cubans in the 1970s and '80s. Printed and audio-visual Islamic resources are now almost nonexistent in Cuba. Spanish
1404:
Islam became gained in popularity while the country endured an economic crisis, and would come to be more organized by the 1990s. Islam was not organized very well in the past because the main worshipers were slaves and they did not have the freedom to make Islam more organized in Cuba. Cuba's
1392:
Also, evidence pointing to
African origins of Islam in Cuba comes from the many Islamic names found by scholars, such as Henry Lovejoy, belonging to these slaves, such as Mohammed, Hausa, and Nupe. In 2011, Islam scholars also analyzed the different names found on the records from the Mixed
1356:
to obtain permission from the Cuban authorities to establish an
Islamic organization that would support Cuba's Muslim community. Among the other aims of the proposed organization would be the construction of mosques and the dissemination of
2368:
1445:
There are two
Islamic groups in Cuba: the Cuban Islamic Union, which is headed by its president, Imam Yahya Pedro, and Cuban Association for the Diffusion of Islam, which is headed by its president, Abu Duyanah.
1393:
Commission Courts of Havana to identify the names of Muslim and Arabic origin. It's been reported that there was more than 5,000 Muslims in Cuba before 1959 but most (around 80 percent) emigrated after the
1449:
Other Sunnis are concentrated in the
Malcolm X Center, in the home of the Muslim Hassan Abdul Gafur, in Cerro, in Havana. Hassan Abdul Gafur was the first to form an Islamic organization in Cuba in 1994.
2348:
1389:
of Havana does confirm the Muslim African slaves' arrival in Cuba by documented records which included a unique number to each individual, sex, name, age, height, and from which the slaves came.
2373:
1795:
1364:
As of July 2015, the Turkish Religious Affairs Foundation had opened the first prayer room for Cuban Muslims and the first mosque in Cuba was under construction with Turkish funding.
2353:
2303:
2343:
1344:
report, there were then 10,000 Muslims in Cuba who constitute less than 0.1% of the population. As of 2012, most of the 10,000 Cuban Muslims were converts to the religion.
2396:
1904:
1348:
to study in Cuba was the Pakistani students, who were about 936 in strength. In 2001, Sheikh Muhammad bin Nassir Al-Aboudy, the Assistant Secretary-General of the
2401:
2391:
1401:
translation of the Quran and other major Islamic books are not available in the country. The Muslim community of Cuba even lacks educated religious cadres.
53:
1890:
1373:
who were captured and brought to the Americas arrived in Cuba, and many more who lack proper documentation have been suggested to have arrived.
196:
1716:
Lovejoy, Henry (2016). "The Registers of Liberated Africans of the Havana Slave Trade Commission: Implementation and Policy, 1824-1841".
1681:
Lovejoy, Henry (2016). "The Registers of Liberated Africans of the Havana Slave Trade Commission: Implementation and Policy, 1824-1841".
1219:
1316:
1752:
2378:
2211:
870:
2056:
2038:
117:
358:
1836:
1239:
181:
1523:
1189:
69:
2288:
1908:
201:
1866:
1764:
1563:
685:
93:
1417:
in Old Havana open to everyone for all daily prayers. Elsewhere, Cuba's Muslims usually pray in their homes. Former
45:
2131:
1377:
940:
785:
2201:
1542:
1459:
Alí Nicolás Cossío - Former foreign ministry official who now reports for the "Voice of Islam", a radio station
1309:
860:
2010:
1214:
2221:
2066:
2031:
1418:
880:
720:
2293:
1137:
955:
2226:
885:
498:
216:
1646:
Silva, Daniel (2017). "The Transatlantic Muslim Diaspora to Latin America in the Nineteenth Century".
2443:
1302:
1249:
1194:
1184:
1147:
1259:
1060:
1055:
630:
2358:
2024:
1989:
321:
49:
58:
2438:
2416:
2408:
2338:
2308:
1513:
1470:
1437:
donated US$ 40,000 for the remodeling of the House, but it was only opened for Friday prayers.
1386:
1229:
1020:
800:
256:
2363:
713:
680:
640:
383:
373:
161:
2333:
2206:
2141:
2076:
1234:
1127:
865:
795:
730:
558:
553:
443:
388:
261:
191:
1462:
8:
2328:
2323:
2318:
2255:
2116:
1349:
1341:
1097:
1050:
1030:
770:
690:
665:
570:
543:
493:
463:
453:
368:
328:
301:
286:
241:
176:
34:
2298:
1968:
1782:
348:
2313:
2236:
2181:
2151:
2071:
1929:
1842:
1733:
1698:
1663:
1625:
1179:
1090:
1025:
895:
840:
810:
725:
650:
645:
625:
513:
503:
306:
38:
2268:
2216:
2191:
2166:
2126:
2111:
2081:
1884:
1846:
1832:
1760:
1737:
1702:
1667:
1629:
1559:
1224:
1209:
1152:
1112:
1107:
1075:
945:
875:
850:
825:
780:
765:
735:
670:
620:
600:
595:
590:
478:
423:
398:
231:
226:
206:
171:
156:
73:
1828:
2283:
2278:
2231:
2171:
2146:
2136:
2091:
1824:
1725:
1690:
1655:
1617:
1394:
1274:
1172:
1142:
1132:
1080:
1040:
1000:
995:
990:
980:
970:
965:
960:
950:
935:
930:
925:
920:
915:
890:
830:
805:
790:
745:
695:
605:
580:
458:
448:
408:
378:
363:
343:
333:
316:
311:
276:
271:
221:
166:
141:
109:
62:
1816:
1729:
1694:
1659:
2186:
2176:
2156:
2101:
2096:
2086:
1621:
1414:
1358:
1269:
1122:
1102:
1085:
1070:
1065:
1045:
1015:
1010:
985:
975:
908:
845:
835:
815:
755:
750:
740:
675:
660:
565:
538:
528:
488:
473:
468:
418:
413:
353:
291:
251:
146:
134:
2273:
2161:
2106:
1264:
1254:
1244:
1157:
1117:
1035:
1005:
820:
760:
700:
655:
635:
610:
585:
548:
533:
508:
483:
393:
338:
281:
266:
246:
236:
211:
151:
1340:
being one of the smallest minority faiths in the country. According to a 2011
2432:
2196:
1204:
1199:
855:
615:
575:
523:
518:
436:
403:
296:
186:
1947:
1433:
architectural designs. The House encompasses an Arab museum and restaurant.
1543:
http://pewforum.org/uploadedfiles/Topics/Demographics/muslimspopulation.pdf
1491:
1421:
1292:
1556:
Religion and Revolution: Spiritual and Political Islam in Ernesto Cardenal
1518:
1505:
2016:
1381:
2260:
1430:
1333:
2246:
2048:
1429:
immigrant who lived in Cuba during the 1940s, and it was built on
1608:
Barcia, Manuel (2013). "Western African Islam in Colonial Cuba".
123:
1580:
1466:
1434:
1425:
House") in old Havana. The Arab House belonged to a wealthy
1426:
1353:
1329:
1823:, Cham: Springer International Publishing, pp. 1–2,
56:
and tools are available to assist in formatting, such as
1865:
EST, Lucy Westcott On 12/27/16 at 5:00 AM (2016-12-27).
2013:(includes photos), by Benazir Wehelie, Special to CNN
1783:
http://www.worldbulletin.net/news_detail.php?id=28195
1481:
1969:"¿Cómo celebran los musulmanes cubanos el Ramadán?"
1778:
1776:
1922:
1553:
1755:. In Westerlund, David; Svanberg, Ingvar (eds.).
2430:
1773:
1558:. Cambridge Scholars Publishing. p. 116.
2032:
1310:
2369:South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands
37:, which are uninformative and vulnerable to
1889:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
1581:"Local Muslim Cubans get first prayer room"
52:and maintains a consistent citation style.
2039:
2025:
1317:
1303:
2046:
1867:"Why Cuba's Muslim population is growing"
94:Learn how and when to remove this message
1905:"Castro promises Cuban Muslims a mosque"
1821:Encyclopedia of Latin American Religions
1814:
1750:
1715:
1680:
2431:
1607:
2020:
1990:"Some Cubans are converting to Islam"
1645:
1641:
1639:
1603:
1601:
1793:
1751:al-Ahari, Muhammed Abdullah (1999).
17:
1864:
1440:
44:Please consider converting them to
13:
1796:"EL ISLAM EN LA ACTUALIDAD CUBANA"
1759:. London: Routledge. p. 447.
1709:
1636:
1598:
1554:John Andrew Morrow (15 Mar 2012).
1453:
1376:The majority of these slaves were
14:
2455:
2011:Practicing Islam in Catholic Cuba
2004:
1971:(in European Spanish). 2016-01-14
1950:(in European Spanish). 2016-01-14
1753:"The Caribbean and Latin America"
1744:
1674:
1578:
2245:
2212:Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
1498:
1484:
1286:
871:Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
197:Democratic Republic of the Congo
116:
22:
1982:
1961:
1940:
1897:
1858:
1829:10.1007/978-3-319-08956-0_264-1
1808:
1787:
1648:Colonial Latin American Review
1572:
1547:
1536:
48:to ensure the article remains
1:
1794:Mesa, Andrea Morales (2002).
1730:10.1080/0144039X.2015.1117253
1695:10.1080/0144039X.2015.1117253
1660:10.1080/10609164.2017.1350492
1529:
1757:Islam Outside the Arab World
1622:10.1080/0144039X.2013.865335
7:
1477:
1413:Cuba houses a mosque named
10:
2460:
1819:, in Gooren, Henri (ed.),
1367:
2387:
2354:Saint Pierre and Miquelon
2254:
2243:
2055:
1408:
1387:Court of Mixed Commission
2374:Turks and Caicos Islands
1240:Northern Mariana Islands
182:Central African Republic
1718:Slavery & Abolition
1683:Slavery & Abolition
1610:Slavery & Abolition
1190:Cocos (Keeling) Islands
2289:British Virgin Islands
1815:Chitwood, Ken (2017),
1514:Latin American Muslims
941:Bosnia and Herzegovina
2202:Saint Kitts and Nevis
861:Saint Kitts and Nevis
359:São Tomé and Príncipe
202:Republic of the Congo
686:United Arab Emirates
122:World percentage of
2379:U.S. Virgin Islands
2222:Trinidad and Tobago
2067:Antigua and Barbuda
1352:(MWL), traveled to
1350:Muslim World League
1342:Pew Research Center
881:Trinidad and Tobago
721:Antigua and Barbuda
2132:Dominican Republic
1994:islamawareness.net
1934:islamawareness.net
786:Dominican Republic
2426:
2425:
1838:978-3-319-08956-0
1463:Juan Carlos Gómez
1327:
1326:
217:Equatorial Guinea
104:
103:
96:
54:Several templates
2451:
2444:Islam by country
2344:Saint Barthélemy
2304:Falkland Islands
2249:
2041:
2034:
2027:
2018:
2017:
1998:
1997:
1986:
1980:
1979:
1977:
1976:
1965:
1959:
1958:
1956:
1955:
1948:"Quiénes Somos?"
1944:
1938:
1937:
1926:
1920:
1919:
1917:
1916:
1907:. Archived from
1901:
1895:
1894:
1888:
1880:
1878:
1877:
1862:
1856:
1855:
1854:
1853:
1812:
1806:
1805:
1803:
1802:
1791:
1785:
1780:
1771:
1770:
1748:
1742:
1741:
1713:
1707:
1706:
1678:
1672:
1671:
1643:
1634:
1633:
1605:
1596:
1595:
1593:
1592:
1576:
1570:
1569:
1551:
1545:
1540:
1508:
1503:
1502:
1501:
1494:
1489:
1488:
1487:
1441:Religious Groups
1395:Cuban Revolution
1319:
1312:
1305:
1293:Islam portal
1291:
1290:
1289:
1250:Papua New Guinea
1215:Marshall Islands
1185:Christmas Island
1148:Northern Ireland
120:
110:Islam by country
106:
105:
99:
92:
88:
85:
79:
77:
66:
26:
25:
18:
2459:
2458:
2454:
2453:
2452:
2450:
2449:
2448:
2429:
2428:
2427:
2422:
2397:Central America
2383:
2258:
2250:
2241:
2058:
2051:
2045:
2007:
2002:
2001:
1988:
1987:
1983:
1974:
1972:
1967:
1966:
1962:
1953:
1951:
1946:
1945:
1941:
1930:"Islam in Cuba"
1928:
1927:
1923:
1914:
1912:
1903:
1902:
1898:
1882:
1881:
1875:
1873:
1863:
1859:
1851:
1849:
1839:
1817:"Islam in Cuba"
1813:
1809:
1800:
1798:
1792:
1788:
1781:
1774:
1767:
1749:
1745:
1714:
1710:
1679:
1675:
1644:
1637:
1606:
1599:
1590:
1588:
1577:
1573:
1566:
1552:
1548:
1541:
1537:
1532:
1504:
1499:
1497:
1490:
1485:
1483:
1480:
1465:- Professional
1456:
1454:Notable Muslims
1443:
1415:Abdallah Mosque
1411:
1370:
1361:among Muslims.
1359:Islamic culture
1323:
1287:
1285:
1280:
1279:
1260:Solomon Islands
1175:
1165:
1164:
1061:North Macedonia
911:
901:
900:
716:
706:
705:
439:
429:
428:
137:
127:
100:
89:
83:
80:
68:
57:
43:
27:
23:
12:
11:
5:
2457:
2447:
2446:
2441:
2424:
2423:
2421:
2420:
2413:
2411:
2406:
2404:
2399:
2394:
2388:
2385:
2384:
2382:
2381:
2376:
2371:
2366:
2361:
2359:Sint Eustatius
2356:
2351:
2346:
2341:
2336:
2331:
2326:
2321:
2316:
2311:
2306:
2301:
2296:
2294:Cayman Islands
2291:
2286:
2281:
2276:
2271:
2265:
2263:
2252:
2251:
2244:
2242:
2240:
2239:
2234:
2229:
2224:
2219:
2214:
2209:
2204:
2199:
2194:
2189:
2184:
2179:
2174:
2169:
2164:
2159:
2154:
2149:
2144:
2139:
2134:
2129:
2124:
2119:
2114:
2109:
2104:
2099:
2094:
2089:
2084:
2079:
2074:
2069:
2063:
2061:
2053:
2052:
2044:
2043:
2036:
2029:
2021:
2015:
2014:
2006:
2005:External links
2003:
2000:
1999:
1981:
1960:
1939:
1921:
1896:
1857:
1837:
1807:
1786:
1772:
1765:
1743:
1708:
1673:
1654:(4): 528–545.
1635:
1616:(2): 292–305.
1597:
1571:
1564:
1546:
1534:
1533:
1531:
1528:
1527:
1526:
1524:Latino Muslims
1521:
1516:
1510:
1509:
1495:
1479:
1476:
1475:
1474:
1460:
1455:
1452:
1442:
1439:
1410:
1407:
1369:
1366:
1332:is a majority
1325:
1324:
1322:
1321:
1314:
1307:
1299:
1296:
1295:
1282:
1281:
1278:
1277:
1272:
1267:
1262:
1257:
1252:
1247:
1242:
1237:
1232:
1227:
1222:
1217:
1212:
1207:
1202:
1197:
1192:
1187:
1182:
1176:
1171:
1170:
1167:
1166:
1163:
1162:
1161:
1160:
1155:
1150:
1145:
1138:United Kingdom
1135:
1130:
1125:
1120:
1115:
1110:
1105:
1100:
1095:
1094:
1093:
1083:
1078:
1073:
1068:
1063:
1058:
1053:
1048:
1043:
1038:
1033:
1028:
1023:
1018:
1013:
1008:
1003:
998:
993:
988:
983:
978:
973:
968:
963:
958:
953:
948:
943:
938:
933:
928:
923:
918:
912:
907:
906:
903:
902:
899:
898:
893:
888:
883:
878:
873:
868:
863:
858:
853:
848:
843:
838:
833:
828:
823:
818:
813:
808:
803:
798:
793:
788:
783:
778:
773:
768:
763:
758:
753:
748:
743:
738:
733:
728:
723:
717:
712:
711:
708:
707:
704:
703:
698:
693:
688:
683:
678:
673:
668:
663:
658:
653:
648:
643:
638:
633:
628:
623:
618:
613:
608:
603:
598:
593:
588:
583:
578:
573:
568:
563:
562:
561:
556:
546:
541:
536:
531:
526:
521:
516:
511:
506:
501:
496:
491:
486:
481:
476:
471:
466:
461:
456:
451:
446:
440:
435:
434:
431:
430:
427:
426:
421:
416:
411:
406:
401:
396:
391:
386:
381:
376:
371:
366:
361:
356:
351:
346:
341:
336:
331:
326:
325:
324:
322:Western Sahara
314:
309:
304:
299:
294:
289:
284:
279:
274:
269:
264:
259:
254:
249:
244:
239:
234:
229:
224:
219:
214:
209:
204:
199:
194:
189:
184:
179:
174:
169:
164:
159:
154:
149:
144:
138:
133:
132:
129:
128:
121:
113:
112:
102:
101:
46:full citations
30:
28:
21:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2456:
2445:
2442:
2440:
2439:Islam in Cuba
2437:
2436:
2434:
2419:
2418:
2417:South America
2414:
2412:
2410:
2409:Latin America
2407:
2405:
2403:
2400:
2398:
2395:
2393:
2392:North America
2390:
2389:
2386:
2380:
2377:
2375:
2372:
2370:
2367:
2365:
2362:
2360:
2357:
2355:
2352:
2350:
2347:
2345:
2342:
2340:
2337:
2335:
2332:
2330:
2327:
2325:
2322:
2320:
2317:
2315:
2312:
2310:
2309:French Guiana
2307:
2305:
2302:
2300:
2297:
2295:
2292:
2290:
2287:
2285:
2282:
2280:
2277:
2275:
2272:
2270:
2267:
2266:
2264:
2262:
2257:
2253:
2248:
2238:
2235:
2233:
2230:
2228:
2227:United States
2225:
2223:
2220:
2218:
2215:
2213:
2210:
2208:
2205:
2203:
2200:
2198:
2195:
2193:
2190:
2188:
2185:
2183:
2180:
2178:
2175:
2173:
2170:
2168:
2165:
2163:
2160:
2158:
2155:
2153:
2150:
2148:
2145:
2143:
2140:
2138:
2135:
2133:
2130:
2128:
2125:
2123:
2120:
2118:
2115:
2113:
2110:
2108:
2105:
2103:
2100:
2098:
2095:
2093:
2090:
2088:
2085:
2083:
2080:
2078:
2075:
2073:
2070:
2068:
2065:
2064:
2062:
2060:
2054:
2050:
2047:Islam in the
2042:
2037:
2035:
2030:
2028:
2023:
2022:
2019:
2012:
2009:
2008:
1995:
1991:
1985:
1970:
1964:
1949:
1943:
1935:
1931:
1925:
1911:on 2008-05-17
1910:
1906:
1900:
1892:
1886:
1872:
1868:
1861:
1848:
1844:
1840:
1834:
1830:
1826:
1822:
1818:
1811:
1797:
1790:
1784:
1779:
1777:
1768:
1766:0-7007-1124-4
1762:
1758:
1754:
1747:
1739:
1735:
1731:
1727:
1723:
1719:
1712:
1704:
1700:
1696:
1692:
1688:
1684:
1677:
1669:
1665:
1661:
1657:
1653:
1649:
1642:
1640:
1631:
1627:
1623:
1619:
1615:
1611:
1604:
1602:
1586:
1582:
1579:Şafak, Yeni.
1575:
1567:
1565:9781443838337
1561:
1557:
1550:
1544:
1539:
1535:
1525:
1522:
1520:
1517:
1515:
1512:
1511:
1507:
1496:
1493:
1482:
1472:
1471:Cruiserweight
1468:
1464:
1461:
1458:
1457:
1451:
1447:
1438:
1436:
1432:
1428:
1423:
1420:
1416:
1406:
1402:
1398:
1396:
1390:
1388:
1383:
1379:
1374:
1365:
1362:
1360:
1355:
1351:
1345:
1343:
1339:
1336:nation, with
1335:
1331:
1320:
1315:
1313:
1308:
1306:
1301:
1300:
1298:
1297:
1294:
1284:
1283:
1276:
1273:
1271:
1268:
1266:
1263:
1261:
1258:
1256:
1253:
1251:
1248:
1246:
1243:
1241:
1238:
1236:
1233:
1231:
1230:New Caledonia
1228:
1226:
1223:
1221:
1218:
1216:
1213:
1211:
1208:
1206:
1203:
1201:
1198:
1196:
1193:
1191:
1188:
1186:
1183:
1181:
1178:
1177:
1174:
1169:
1168:
1159:
1156:
1154:
1151:
1149:
1146:
1144:
1141:
1140:
1139:
1136:
1134:
1131:
1129:
1126:
1124:
1121:
1119:
1116:
1114:
1111:
1109:
1106:
1104:
1101:
1099:
1096:
1092:
1089:
1088:
1087:
1084:
1082:
1079:
1077:
1074:
1072:
1069:
1067:
1064:
1062:
1059:
1057:
1054:
1052:
1049:
1047:
1044:
1042:
1039:
1037:
1034:
1032:
1029:
1027:
1024:
1022:
1021:Liechtenstein
1019:
1017:
1014:
1012:
1009:
1007:
1004:
1002:
999:
997:
994:
992:
989:
987:
984:
982:
979:
977:
974:
972:
969:
967:
964:
962:
959:
957:
954:
952:
949:
947:
944:
942:
939:
937:
934:
932:
929:
927:
924:
922:
919:
917:
914:
913:
910:
905:
904:
897:
894:
892:
889:
887:
886:United States
884:
882:
879:
877:
874:
872:
869:
867:
864:
862:
859:
857:
854:
852:
849:
847:
844:
842:
839:
837:
834:
832:
829:
827:
824:
822:
819:
817:
814:
812:
809:
807:
804:
802:
801:French Guiana
799:
797:
794:
792:
789:
787:
784:
782:
779:
777:
774:
772:
769:
767:
764:
762:
759:
757:
754:
752:
749:
747:
744:
742:
739:
737:
734:
732:
729:
727:
724:
722:
719:
718:
715:
710:
709:
702:
699:
697:
694:
692:
689:
687:
684:
682:
679:
677:
674:
672:
669:
667:
664:
662:
659:
657:
654:
652:
649:
647:
644:
642:
639:
637:
634:
632:
629:
627:
624:
622:
619:
617:
614:
612:
609:
607:
604:
602:
599:
597:
594:
592:
589:
587:
584:
582:
579:
577:
574:
572:
569:
567:
564:
560:
557:
555:
552:
551:
550:
547:
545:
542:
540:
537:
535:
532:
530:
527:
525:
522:
520:
517:
515:
512:
510:
507:
505:
502:
500:
497:
495:
492:
490:
487:
485:
482:
480:
477:
475:
472:
470:
467:
465:
462:
460:
457:
455:
452:
450:
447:
445:
442:
441:
438:
433:
432:
425:
422:
420:
417:
415:
412:
410:
407:
405:
402:
400:
397:
395:
392:
390:
387:
385:
382:
380:
377:
375:
372:
370:
367:
365:
362:
360:
357:
355:
352:
350:
347:
345:
342:
340:
337:
335:
332:
330:
327:
323:
320:
319:
318:
315:
313:
310:
308:
305:
303:
300:
298:
295:
293:
290:
288:
285:
283:
280:
278:
275:
273:
270:
268:
265:
263:
260:
258:
257:Guinea-Bissau
255:
253:
250:
248:
245:
243:
240:
238:
235:
233:
230:
228:
225:
223:
220:
218:
215:
213:
210:
208:
205:
203:
200:
198:
195:
193:
190:
188:
185:
183:
180:
178:
175:
173:
170:
168:
165:
163:
160:
158:
155:
153:
150:
148:
145:
143:
140:
139:
136:
131:
130:
125:
119:
115:
114:
111:
108:
107:
98:
95:
87:
75:
74:documentation
71:
64:
63:documentation
60:
55:
51:
47:
42:
40:
36:
31:This article
29:
20:
19:
16:
2415:
2364:Sint Maarten
2349:Saint Martin
2256:Dependencies
2121:
1993:
1984:
1973:. Retrieved
1963:
1952:. Retrieved
1942:
1933:
1924:
1913:. Retrieved
1909:the original
1899:
1874:. Retrieved
1870:
1860:
1850:, retrieved
1820:
1810:
1799:. Retrieved
1789:
1756:
1746:
1721:
1717:
1711:
1686:
1682:
1676:
1651:
1647:
1613:
1609:
1589:. Retrieved
1587:(in Turkish)
1584:
1574:
1555:
1549:
1538:
1492:Islam portal
1448:
1444:
1422:Fidel Castro
1412:
1403:
1399:
1391:
1375:
1371:
1363:
1346:
1337:
1328:
1195:Cook Islands
775:
681:Turkmenistan
641:Saudi Arabia
384:South Africa
374:Sierra Leone
162:Burkina Faso
90:
81:
70:Citation bot
32:
15:
2334:Puerto Rico
2261:territories
2207:Saint Lucia
2142:El Salvador
1519:Arab Cubans
1506:Cuba portal
1469:and former
1235:New Zealand
1128:Switzerland
1056:Netherlands
866:Saint Lucia
796:El Salvador
631:Philippines
559:South Korea
554:North Korea
444:Afghanistan
389:South Sudan
262:Ivory Coast
84:August 2022
2433:Categories
2329:Montserrat
2324:Martinique
2319:Guadeloupe
2117:Costa Rica
1975:2018-04-25
1954:2018-04-25
1915:2009-04-10
1876:2020-10-29
1852:2020-10-28
1801:2020-10-28
1591:2021-12-31
1585:Yeni Şafak
1530:References
1431:Andalusian
1382:Senegambia
1220:Micronesia
1098:San Marino
1051:Montenegro
1031:Luxembourg
771:Costa Rica
691:Uzbekistan
666:Tajikistan
571:Kyrgyzstan
544:Kazakhstan
494:East Timor
464:Bangladesh
454:Azerbaijan
369:Seychelles
329:Mozambique
302:Mauritania
287:Madagascar
177:Cape Verde
126:by country
50:verifiable
2402:Caribbean
2314:Greenland
2237:Venezuela
2182:Nicaragua
2152:Guatemala
2072:Argentina
2057:Sovereign
1847:239241399
1738:147609152
1724:: 23–44.
1703:147609152
1689:: 23–44.
1668:165394741
1630:145753953
1419:President
1334:Christian
1180:Australia
1091:Tatarstan
1026:Lithuania
896:Venezuela
841:Nicaragua
811:Guatemala
726:Argentina
651:Sri Lanka
646:Singapore
626:Palestine
514:Indonesia
504:Hong Kong
307:Mauritius
35:bare URLs
2269:Anguilla
2217:Suriname
2192:Paraguay
2167:Honduras
2127:Dominica
2112:Colombia
2082:Barbados
2049:Americas
1885:cite web
1871:Newsweek
1478:See also
1473:Champion
1378:Mandingo
1210:Kiribati
1153:Scotland
1113:Slovenia
1108:Slovakia
1076:Portugal
946:Bulgaria
876:Suriname
851:Paraguay
826:Honduras
781:Dominica
766:Colombia
736:Barbados
714:Americas
671:Thailand
621:Pakistan
601:Mongolia
596:Maldives
591:Malaysia
479:Cambodia
424:Zimbabwe
399:Tanzania
232:Ethiopia
227:Eswatini
207:Djibouti
172:Cameroon
157:Botswana
39:link rot
2299:Curaçao
2284:Bonaire
2279:Bermuda
2232:Uruguay
2172:Jamaica
2147:Grenada
2137:Ecuador
2092:Bolivia
2077:Bahamas
1385:of the
1368:History
1275:Vanuatu
1173:Oceania
1143:England
1133:Ukraine
1081:Romania
1041:Moldova
1001:Ireland
996:Iceland
991:Hungary
981:Germany
971:Finland
966:Estonia
961:Denmark
956:Czechia
951:Croatia
936:Belgium
931:Belarus
926:Austria
921:Andorra
916:Albania
891:Uruguay
831:Jamaica
806:Grenada
791:Ecuador
746:Bolivia
731:Bahamas
696:Vietnam
606:Myanmar
581:Lebanon
499:Georgia
459:Bahrain
449:Armenia
409:Tunisia
379:Somalia
364:Senegal
349:Réunion
344:Nigeria
334:Namibia
317:Morocco
312:Mayotte
277:Liberia
272:Lesotho
222:Eritrea
192:Comoros
167:Burundi
142:Algeria
124:Muslims
2187:Panama
2177:Mexico
2157:Guyana
2102:Canada
2097:Brazil
2087:Belize
2059:states
1845:
1835:
1763:
1736:
1701:
1666:
1628:
1562:
1409:Mosque
1270:Tuvalu
1123:Sweden
1103:Serbia
1086:Russia
1071:Poland
1066:Norway
1046:Monaco
1016:Latvia
1011:Kosovo
986:Greece
976:France
909:Europe
846:Panama
836:Mexico
816:Guyana
756:Canada
751:Brazil
741:Belize
676:Turkey
661:Taiwan
566:Kuwait
539:Jordan
529:Israel
489:Cyprus
474:Brunei
469:Bhutan
419:Zambia
414:Uganda
354:Rwanda
292:Malawi
252:Guinea
242:Gambia
147:Angola
135:Africa
59:reFill
2274:Aruba
2162:Haiti
2107:Chile
1843:S2CID
1734:S2CID
1699:S2CID
1664:S2CID
1626:S2CID
1467:boxer
1435:Qatar
1380:from
1338:Islam
1265:Tonga
1255:Samoa
1245:Palau
1225:Nauru
1158:Wales
1118:Spain
1036:Malta
1006:Italy
821:Haiti
761:Chile
701:Yemen
656:Syria
636:Qatar
611:Nepal
586:Macau
549:Korea
534:Japan
509:India
484:China
394:Sudan
339:Niger
282:Libya
267:Kenya
247:Ghana
237:Gabon
212:Egypt
152:Benin
33:uses
2339:Saba
2259:and
2197:Peru
2122:Cuba
1891:link
1833:ISBN
1761:ISBN
1560:ISBN
1427:Arab
1354:Cuba
1330:Cuba
1205:Guam
1200:Fiji
856:Peru
776:Cuba
616:Oman
576:Laos
524:Iraq
519:Iran
437:Asia
404:Togo
297:Mali
187:Chad
67:and
1825:doi
1726:doi
1691:doi
1656:doi
1618:doi
2435::
1992:.
1932:.
1887:}}
1883:{{
1869:.
1841:,
1831:,
1775:^
1732:.
1722:37
1720:.
1697:.
1687:37
1685:.
1662:.
1652:26
1650:.
1638:^
1624:.
1614:35
1612:.
1600:^
1583:.
1397:.
2040:e
2033:t
2026:v
1996:.
1978:.
1957:.
1936:.
1918:.
1893:)
1879:.
1827::
1804:.
1769:.
1740:.
1728::
1705:.
1693::
1670:.
1658::
1632:.
1620::
1594:.
1568:.
1318:e
1311:t
1304:v
97:)
91:(
86:)
82:(
78:.
76:)
72:(
65:)
61:(
41:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.