Islam and blasphemy

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claims to property—including any inheritance—to be rendered void. Repentance, in some Fiqhs, may restore lost rights except for marital rights; lost marital rights are regained only by remarriage. Women have blasphemed and repented to end a marriage. Muslim women may be permitted to repent, and may receive a lesser punishment than would befall a Muslim man who committed the same offense. Most Muslim-majority countries have some form of blasphemy law and some of them have been compared to blasphemy laws in European countries (Britain, Germany, Finland etc.). However, in five countries, including Afghanistan, Iran, Pakistan, and Saudi Arabia, blasphemy is punishable by execution. In Pakistan, more than a thousand people have been convicted of blasphemy since the 1980s; though none have been executed.

22: 2743: 1870: 1725:. Some jurists believe that blasphemy by a Muslim who automatically implies the Muslim has left the fold of Islam. A Muslim may find himself accused of being a blasphemer, and thus an apostate on the basis of the same action or utterance. Not all blasphemy is apostasy, of course, as a non-Muslim who blasphemes against Islam has not committed apostasy. Blasphemy is defined as the act of speaking disrespectfully or irreverently about God and there is every other thing you can do to Cause blasphemy A specific example of blasphemy against the Holy Spirit occurs when someone attributes the good works of God (such as miracles) to Satan. 2998:. According to police officials, the assailants kept a revolver and knife inside the sweets box. During the attack, one assailant slit his throat while another fired at him. Tiwari's aide Saurashtrajeet Singh was sent to bring cigarettes for them and when he returned he found Tiwari lying with his throat slit and his body ruptured with wounds. He was declared dead during treatment at a hospital's trauma centre. The post-mortem report revealed that he was stabbed 15 times on the upper part of body from jaws to chest, two deep cut marks on the neck points to attempt to slit his throat and shot once. 2102: 3122:) and Qur'an, rejection of Muhammed or any of his teachings, or leaving the Muslim community to become an atheist is a form of blasphemy. Questioning religious opinions (fatwa) and normative Islamic views can also be construed as blasphemous. Improper dress, drawing offensive cartoons, tearing or burning holy literature of Islam, creating or using music or painting or video or novels to mock or criticize Muhammad are some examples of blasphemous acts. In the context of those who are non-Muslims, the concept of blasphemy includes all aspects of 2335: 2968:. Tiwari spent several months in jail for his comment. He was charged under Indian Penal Code sections 153-A (promoting enmity between groups on the grounds of religion and doing acts prejudicial to maintenance of harmony) and 295-A (deliberate and malicious acts, intended to outrage religious feelings of any class by insulting its religion or religious beliefs). Protest rallies against his statement were held by several Islamic groups in other parts of India, most of them demanding the death penalty. 2211:

crime and urged a general boycott of Taseer's funeral. The Pakistani government declared three days of national mourning and thousands of people attended his funeral. Supporters of Mumtaz Qadri blocked police attempting to bring him to the courts and some showered him with rose petals. In October, Qadri was sentenced to death for murdering Taseer. Some expressed concerns that the assassinations of Taseer and Bhatti may dissuade other Pakistani politicians from speaking out against the blasphemy laws.

1734: 1789: 11036: 3088: 5536:: "One small religious party, the Jamaat-e-Ahl-e-Sunnat Pakistan, warned that anyone who expressed grief over the assassination could suffer the same fate. 'No Muslim should attend the funeral or even try to pray for Salman Taseer or even express any kind of regret or sympathy over the incident,' the party said in a statement. It said anyone who expressed sympathy over the death of a blasphemer was also committing blasphemy." 11025: 1924:(OIC), who has sought for a universal blasphemy law over a decade, revived these attempts. Separately, the Human Rights Commission of the OIC called for "an international code of conduct for media and social media to disallow the dissemination of incitement material". Non-Muslim nations that do not have blasphemy laws, have pointed to abuses of blasphemy laws in Islamic nations, and have disagreed. 3892:

his wisdom, and his sensitivity...In these verses Muhammad received solace from God...Sometimes the comfort Muhammad received was about retribution in the hereafter...The Qur'anic evidence indicates that Muhammad was counseled to leave justice to the Almighty. He was never commanded to bring blasphemy punishments against his perpetrators; he was to seek only mercy and forgiveness for them.

2723:, claimed the international furor over the cartoons amounted to a victory for opponents of free expression. "Those who have won are dictatorships in the Middle East, in Saudi Arabia, where they cut criminals' hands and give women no rights," Juste told The Associated Press. "The dark dictatorships have won." Commenting the cartoon that initiated the diplomatic crisis, American scholar 1582:. Death is mandatory in cases of blasphemy for Muslim men, and repentance is not accepted. For women, death is not the punishment suggested, but she is arrested and punished till she repents and returns to Islam or dies in custody. A non-Muslim who commits blasphemy against Islam must be punished; however, the blasphemer can escape punishment by converting and becoming a devout Muslim. 60: 2399: 1499:) This expression can be read as meaning that the killing was unnecessary, implying that Muhammad condemned it. However, most hadith specialists interpreted it as voiding the obligation of paying the blood money which would normally be due to the woman's next of kin. Another hadith reports Muhammad using an expression which clearly indicates the latter meaning: 1164:. Capital punishment for blasphemy was rare in pre-modern Islamic societies. In the modern era some states and radical groups have used charges of blasphemy in an effort to burnish their religious credentials and gain popular support at the expense of liberal Muslim intellectuals and religious minorities. Other Muslims instead push for greater 1564:– views blasphemy as synonymous with apostasy, and therefore, accepts the repentance of apostates. Those who refuse to repent, their punishment is death if the blasphemer is a Muslim man, and if the blasphemer is a woman, she must be imprisoned with coercion (beating) till she repents and returns to Islam. Imam 2070:, who taught middle-class Muslim and Christian children in Sudan, was convicted of insulting Islam by allowing her class of six-year-olds to name a teddy bear "Muhammad". On 30 November, thousands of protesters took to the streets in Khartoum, demanding Gibbons's execution after imams denounced her during 4098:

blasphemes the Messenger of Allah, denies him, reproaches him, or diminishes him, he has committed apostasy in Allah, and his wife is separated from him. He must repent, or else is killed. And this is the same for the woman, except Abu Hanifa said: Do not kill the woman, but coerce her back to Islam".

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Ali ibn Hassan al-Sughdi (798); Kitab al-Kharaj; Quote: "أيما رجل مسلم سب رَسُوْل اللهِ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ أو كذبه أو عابه أوتنقصه فقد كفر بالله وبانت منه زوجته ، فإن تاب وإلا قتل ، وكذلك المرأة ، إلا أن أبا حنيفة قَالَ: لا تقتل المرأة وتجبر عَلَى الإسلام"; Translation: "A Muslim man who

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At times the Prophet's adversaries compared him to the poets of the desert as if he were a man possessed or mad and his Qur'anic revelations madness. His anguish emanated from the ridicule cast on him, aggravated by his unlettered status, the denying of his message of social justice and human rights,

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In January 2011, talking about the Asia Bibi blasphemy case, Pakistani politician Salmaan Taseer expressed views opposing the country's blasphemy law and supporting Asia Bibi. He was then killed by one of his bodyguards, Malik Mumtaz Qadri. After the murder, hundreds of clerics voiced support for the

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According to Shemeem Burney Abbas, the Qur'an mentions many examples of disbelievers ridiculing and mocking Muhammad, but never commands him to punish those who mocked him. Instead, the Qur'an asks Muhammad to leave the punishment of blasphemy to God, and that there would be justice in the afterlife.

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a boy holding a cat conversing with an elderly man. The man asks the boy his name, and he replies "Babu". The older man chides him for not mentioning the name of Muhammad before his name. He then points to the cat and asks the boy what it is called, and the boy replies "Muhammad the cat". Bangladesh

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The incident happened amid rising diplomatic tension between the two countries and Turkey's objections to Sweden joining NATO. Turkey had earlier canceled a visit by Sweden's defense minister and is seeking political concessions, including the deportation of critics and Kurds. The act was described

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It has been narrated on the authority of Jabir that the Messenger of Allah said: Who will kill Ka'b b. Ashraf? He has maligned Allah, the Exalted, and His Messenger. Muhammad b. Maslama said: Messenger of Allah, do you wish that I should kill him? He said: Yes. He said: Permit me to talk (to him in

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The only punishment of those who wage war against Allah and His Messenger and strive to make mischief in the land is that they should be murdered, or crucified, or their hands and their feet should be cut off on opposite sides, or they should be imprisoned. This shall be a disgrace for them in this

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members are homosexuals and that is why they do not get married. The next day, Kamlesh Tiwari retaliated to Azam Khan's statement and called Muhammad as the first homosexual in the world. Thousands of Muslims protested in Muzaffarnagar and demanded the death penalty for Tiwari, with some demanding

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deplored the petition as one of "these mechanical knee-jerk reactions are gifts to those who seek every opportunity to decry Islam and ridicule Muslims and can only exacerbate a situation in which Muslims and the Western media seem to be locked in an ever-descending spiral of ignorance and mutual

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turned to shock and anger. Her murder led to 49 arrests; three adult men received twenty-year prison sentences, eight other adult males received sixteen year sentences, a minor received a ten-year sentence, and eleven police officers received one-year prison terms for failing to protect Farkhunda.

1662:) for which repentance is necessary; if he repents he is released; if not then he is killed. Likewise, if any other person who is protected under a covenant becomes hostile and blasphemes against Allah or any one of Allah's Prophet and openly professes this, he breaches his covenant, so kill him. 2206:

said that he was first threatened with death in June 2010 when he was told that he would be beheaded if he attempted to change the blasphemy laws. In response, he told reporters that he was "committed to the principle of justice for the people of Pakistan" and willing to die fighting for Noreen's

1102:, but is broader than in normal English usage, including not only the mocking or vilifying of attributes of Islam but denying any of the fundamental beliefs of the religion. Examples include denying that the Quran was divinely revealed, the Prophethood of one of the Islamic prophets, insulting an 1770:

The punishments for different instances of blasphemy in Islam vary by jurisdiction, but may be very severe. A convicted blasphemer may, among other penalties, lose all legal rights. The loss of rights may cause a blasphemer's marriage to be dissolved, religious acts to be rendered worthless, and

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writes that the actual prosecutions for blasphemy in the Muslim historical record "are vanishingly infrequent". One of the "few known cases" was that of a Christian accused of insulting the Islamic Prophet Muhammad. It ended in an acquittal in 1293, though it was followed by a protest against a

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planned to make episodes satirizing controversies over previous episodes, including Comedy Central's refusal to show images of Muhammad following the 2005 Danish controversy. After they faced Internet death threats, Comedy Central modified their version of the episode, obscuring all images and

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expressed worries about Westergaard-like association of the Prophet with terrorism, that was beyond satire and offensive to a vast majority of Muslims. Hervik also deplored that the newspaper's "desire to provoke and insult Danish Muslims exceeded the wish to test the self-censorship of Danish

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As of 2011, all Islamic majority nations, worldwide, had criminal laws on blasphemy. Over 125 non-Muslim nations worldwide did not have any laws relating to blasphemy. In Islamic nations, thousands of individuals have been arrested and punished for blasphemy of Islam. Moreover, several Islamic

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According to Akyol, this verse indicates that "Muslims are not supposed to be part of a discourse that mocks Islam, but all they have to do is stay away from it. Even then, the withdrawal should last only until the discourse changes into something inoffensive. Once mockery ends, dialogue can

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A number of verses in the Qur'an have been interpreted as relating to blasphemy. In these verses God admonishes those who commit blasphemy. Some verses are cited as evidence that the Qur'an does not prescribe punishments for blasphemy, while other verses are cited as evidence that it does.

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published one of them on 18 August to illustrate an editorial on the "right to ridicule a religion". This particular publication led to official condemnations from Iran, Pakistan, Afghanistan, Egypt and Jordan, and by the inter-governmental Organisation of the Islamic Conference.

2786: 1472:. Both of these men were guilty of insulting Muhammad, and both were guilty of inciting violence. While some have explained that these two men were executed for blaspheming against Muhammad, an alternative explanation is that they were executed for treason and causing disorder ( 7361:, Mohammad Ali, The Hindu (September 20, 2016), Quote: "Mr. Tiwari, who was granted bail last week by a Lucknow court, will remain in jail until the Allahabad High Court decides on his plea against the slapping of the National Security Act (NSA) on him by the State government." 1395:

went to him (i.e. Ka'b) and said, "This person (i.e. the Prophet) has put us to task and asked us for charity." Ka'b replied, "By Allah, you will get tired of him." Muhammad said to him, "We have followed him, so we dislike to leave him till we see the end of his affair."

2074:. Many Muslim organizations in other countries publicly condemned the Sudanese over their reactions as Gibbons did not set out to cause offence. She was released into the care of the British embassy in Khartoum and left Sudan after two British Muslim members of the 3113:

A variety of actions, speeches or behavior can constitute blasphemy in Islam. Some examples include insulting or cursing Allah, or Muhammad; mockery or disagreeable behavior towards beliefs and customs common in Islam; criticism of Islam's holy personages.

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Other passages are not related to any earthly punishment for blasphemy, but prescribe Muslims to not "sit with" those who mock the religion – although the latter are admonishments directed towards a witness of blasphemy rather than the guilty of blasphemy:

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wrote that it disproved the idea that self-censorship was a serious problem in Denmark, because the overwhelming majority of cartoonists had either responded positively or refused for contractual or philosophical reasons. Furthermore, the Danish newspaper

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stated that they asked Bluitgen to put them in touch with the artists who reportedly declined his proposal, so his claim that none of them dared to work with him could be proved, but that Bluitgen refused, making his initial claim impossible to confirm.

2264:. Police investigations revealed that she had not burned anything. A number of prominent public officials turned to Facebook immediately after the death to endorse the murder. After it was revealed that she did not burn the Quran, the public reaction in 2152:

in 2010. In June 2009, Noreen was involved in an argument with a group of Muslim women with whom she had been harvesting berries after the other women grew angry with her for drinking the same water as them. She was subsequently accused of insulting the

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The verdict, which was reached in a district court and needed to be upheld by a superior court, received worldwide attention. Various petitions, including one that received 400,000 signatures, were organized to protest Noreen's imprisonment, and

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until made by Allah to retract it. Several translators of his book into foreign languages have been murdered. In the UK, many supporters of Salman Rushdie and his publishers advocated unrestricted freedom of expression and the abolition of the

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publicly called for the charges against her to be dismissed. She received less sympathy from her neighbors and Islamic religious leaders in the country, some of whom adamantly called for her to be executed. Christian minorities minister

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Any Muslim who blasphemes against Allah or His Messenger or blasphemes against any one from amongst the Prophets is thereby guilty of rejecting the truth of the Messenger of God, may Allah bless him and grant him peace. This is apostasy

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does not have a blasphemy law but groups said the cartoon ridiculed Muhammad, torched copies of the paper and demanded that Rahman be executed for blasphemy. As a result, Bangladeshi police detained Rahman and confiscated copies of

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Rehman, Javaid. "The Shari 'ah, International Human Rights Law and The Right To Hold Opinions and Free Expression: After Bilour's Fatwa." Islam and International Law: Engaging Self-Centrism from a Plurality of Perspectives (2013):

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release. On 2 March 2011, Bhatti was shot dead by gunmen who ambushed his car near his residence in Islamabad, presumably because of his position on the blasphemy laws. He had been the only Christian member of Pakistan's cabinet.

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of blasphemy against Islam by the North Jakarta District Court and sentenced to two years imprisonment. This decision barred him from serving as the governor of Jakarta, and he was replaced by his deputy, Djarot Saiful Hidayat.

1609:– views blasphemy against Islam, the Prophet, or any of the Imams, to be punishable with death, if the blasphemer is a Muslim. In case the blasphemer is a non-Muslim, he is given a chance to convert to Islam, or else killed. 5570: 2181:

were both assassinated for advocating on her behalf and opposing the blasphemy laws. Noreen's family went into hiding after receiving death threats, some of which threatened to kill Asia if released from prison. Governor

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broadcast the telephone number of an editor who then received daily calls. A picture of Muhammad had been published by the magazine once before in 1998 in a special edition on Islam, without evoking similar protests.

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both publicly supported Noreen, with the latter saying, "I will go to every knock for justice on her behalf and I will take all steps for her protection." She also received support from Pakistani political scientist

1493:). One hadith tells of a man who killed his pregnant slave because she persisted in insulting Muhammad. Upon hearing this, Muhammad is reported to have exclaimed: "Do you not bear witness that her blood is futile!" ( 7794: 1468:, Ka'b had incited the Quraysh against Muhammad, and also urged them to seek vengeance against Muslims. Another person executed was Abu Rafi', who had actively propagandized against Muslims immediately before the 6969:

Witnesses said that the gunmen had called out the names of individual from the magazine. French media report that Charb, the Charlie Hebdo cartoonist who was on al Qaeda most wanted list in 2013, was seriously

2651:). He said that three artists declined his proposal, which was interpreted as evidence of self-censorship out of fear of reprisals, which led to much debate in Denmark. Reviewing the experiment, Danish scholar 3707: 1633:

provide a basis for a death sentence for the crime of blasphemy, even if someone claims not to be an apostate, but has committed the crime of blasphemy. Some modern Muslim scholars contest that Islam supports

3487:"Blasphemy against the Prophet Muhammad and his companions (sabb al-rasul, sabb al-sahabah): The introduction of the topic into shafi'i legal literature and its relevance for legal practice under Mamluk rule" 6199: 5312: 2514: 2294:, Saudi Arabia, was arrested on charges of atheism and blasphemy after allegedly use social media to state that he renounced Islam and the Prophet Mohammed, he was sentenced to death in February 2015. 1892:

have called for its enforcement on the grounds that criminalizing hostility toward Islam will safeguard communal cohesion. In one country where strict laws on blaspheme were introduced in the 1980s,

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against the video to break out on 11 September in Egypt and spread to other Arab and Muslim nations and to some western countries. The protests have led to hundreds of injuries and over 50 deaths.

1997:(also Faraj Fawda; 1946 – 9 June 1992), was a prominent Egyptian professor, writer, columnist, and human rights activist. He was assassinated on 9 June 1992 by members of Islamist group 2510: 5854: 2676:, invited professional illustrators to depict Muhammad as an experiment to see how much they felt threatened. The newspaper announced that this was an attempt to contribute to the debate about 2876:

subsequently received police protection. In September 2012, the newspaper published a series of satirical cartoons of Muhammad, some of which feature nude caricatures of him. In January 2013,

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Muslims march in Paris on 11 February 2006 against the publication of caricatures of Muhammad. A sign with "Charlie Hebdo" circled and crossed-out is held aloft in the picture's upper middle.

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Narrated Ali ibn AbuTalib: A Jewess used to abuse the Prophet and disparage him. A man strangled her till she died. The Apostle of Allah declared that no recompense was payable for her blood.

7517: 1549:. However, whether any Quranic verses prescribe worldly punishments is debated: some Muslims believe that no worldly punishment is prescribed while others disagree. Islamic jurisprudence ( 5877: 1117:. However, whether any Quranic verses prescribe worldly punishments is debated: some Muslims believe that no worldly punishment is prescribed while others disagree. The interpretation of 4179:

D Jordan (2003), Dark Ages of Islam: Ijtihad, Apostasy, and Human Rights in Contemporary Islamic Jurisprudence, The. Wash. & Lee Race & Ethnic Anc. Law Journal, Vol. 9, pp. 55–74

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On 18 October 2019, Tiwari was murdered by two Muslim assailants, Farid-ud-din Shaikh and Ashfak Shaikh, in his office-cum-residence at Lucknow. The assailants came dressed in saffron

7166: 1288:) Allah in enmity without knowledge. Thus We have made pleasing to every community their deeds. Then to their Lord is their return, and He will inform them about what they used to do. 7449: 4813: 1308:), some commentators have used to justify punishments for blasphemy. Other commentators believe this verse only applies to those who commit crimes against human life and property. 1721:

Because blasphemy in Islam included rejection of fundamental doctrines, blasphemy has historically been seen as an evidence of rejection of Islam, that is, the religious crime of

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A variety of punishments, including death, have been instituted in Islamic jurisprudence that draw their sources from hadith literature. Sources in hadith literature allege that

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F. Griffel (2001), Toleration and exclusion: al-Shafi 'i and al-Ghazali on the treatment of apostates, Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, 64(3), pp. 339–54

2810:)" and has depicted Muhammad in the opening sequence since then, attempted to satirize the Danish newspaper incident. They intended to show Muhammad handing a salmon helmet to 6497: 6470: 4849: 2518: 2498: 9496:

Holike, C. (2011), in Andrea Fleschenberg, Claudia Derich (Eds), The State of Islam – Negotiating Democracy, Muslim Women's Rights and Morality in Indonesia and Malaysia,

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nations have argued in the United Nations that blasphemy against Muhammad is unacceptable, and that laws should be passed worldwide to proscribe it. In September 2012, the

9085: 7790: 9253: 8642: 7154: 1983: 6787: 3989:. p. 74, Quote: "(In the case of blasphemy and Salman Rushdie) the death sentence it pronounced was grounded in a jurisprudential gloss on the Surah al-Ahzab (33:57)". 6983: 5475: 5352: 2227:, a major Islamic festival. Naoot was sentenced on 26 January 2016 to three years in prison for "contempt of religion." The prison sentence was effective immediately. 9032: 4140:

N. Swazo (2014), The Case of Hamza Kashgari: Examining Apostasy, Heresy, And Blasphemy Under Sharia, The Review of Faith & International Affairs, 12(4), pp. 16–26

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When you hear Allah's revelations disbelieved in and mocked at, do not sit with them until they enter into some other discourse; surely then you would be like them.

10785: 7529: 1594:– recognizes blasphemy as a separate offense from apostasy, but accepts the repentance of blasphemers. If the blasphemer does not repent, the punishment is death. 1313:

world, and in the Hereafter they shall have a grievous chastisement. Except those who repent before you overpower them; so know that Allah is Forgiving, Merciful.

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Peters, R. (2005). Crime and punishment in Islamic Law: Theory and practice from the Sixteenth to the Twenty-First Century (Vol. 2). Cambridge University Press.

4014:, and their logical conclusions conspiracy, military confrontation and damnation – are captured in the title of this sura, al-Ahzab (The Confederates, Book 33)" 10035: 7493: 7397: 5587: 9315: 2502: 8507: 8432: 7334: 7130: 2011:. In December 1992, his collected works were banned. In a statement claimed responsibility for the killing, Al-Gama'a al-Islamiyya accused Foda of being an 7237: 8265: 10652: 7607: 7423: 7307: 4771: 2897:. The list included Kurt Westergaard, Lars Vilks, Carsten Juste, Flemming Rose, Charb and Molly Norris, and others whom AQAP accused of insulting Islam. 8881: 6839: 5956: 5440: 4234:(Translation: A ready sword against those who insult the Messenger), Published in 1297 AD in Arabic, Reprinted in 1975 and 2003 by Dar-ibn Hazm (Beirut) 1630: 1620: 1429: 1425: 1421: 1411: 1304::33 prescribes prison or mutilation or death for those "who wage war against Allah and His Messenger". Even though the verse doesn't mention blasphemy ( 5675: 2192: 1276:. The verse calls on Muslims to not blaspheme against deities of other religions, lest people of that religion retaliate by blaspheming against Allah. 5727: 5550: 4071: 2971:

The protests demanding capital punishment for Tiwari triggered counter-protests by Hindu groups who accused Muslim groups of demanding enforcement of

1524: 1514: 7849: 6004: 1904:. Over 50 people accused of blasphemy have been murdered before their respective trials were over, and prominent figures who opposed blasphemy laws ( 1588:– view blasphemy as an offense distinct from, and more severe than apostasy. Death is mandatory in cases of blasphemy, for both Muslim men and women. 7474: 6929: 4871: 4735: 1449: 10751: 4082:

Saeed, Abdullah. "Ambiguities of Apostasy and The Repression of Muslim Dissent." The Review of Faith & International Affairs 9.2 (2011): 31–38.

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P. Smith (2003), Speak No Evil: Apostasy, Blasphemy and Heresy in Malaysian Syariah Law, UC Davis Journal Int'l Law & Policy, 10, pp. 357–73;

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P. Smith (2003), Speak No Evil: Apostasy, Blasphemy and Heresy in Malaysian Syariah Law, UC Davis Journal Int'l Law & Policy, 10, pp. 357–73;

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Silence. How Apostasy and Blasphemy Codes Are Choking Freedom Worldwide. By Paul Marshall and Nina Shea. New York: Oxford University Press, 2011.

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s staff and police officers as vengeance for its continued caricatures of Muhammad, killing 12 people, including Charb, and wounding 11 others.

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who was killed by an angry mob in the premises of the university in April 2017 over allegations of posting blasphemous content online.

2260:, the Shrine of the King of Two Swords, a religious shrine in Kabul. During this argument, Zainuddin reportedly falsely accused her of 9367: 10756: 10672: 8384: 5840: 5605: 3348: 2195:

and local priest Samson Dilawar. The imprisonment of Noreen left Christians and other minorities in Pakistan feeling vulnerable, and

7900: 6714: 6431: 5931: 3913:"waging war against Allah and His messenger" must be interpreted as "those who disbelieve in Allah and His messenger", according to 1896:, over 1300 people have been accused of blasphemy from 1987 to 2014, (mostly non-Muslim religious minorities), mostly for allegedly 10773: 7571: 2584: 2565: 2164:

judge sentenced her to death. If executed, Noreen would have been the first woman in Pakistan to be lawfully killed for blasphemy.

1130: 8983: 8908:"FileRoom.org - In Egypt, writer, Salaheddin Mohsen is sentenced to three years in prison for atheism and blasphemy against Islam" 8726: 7702: 5982: 5905: 21: 10736: 10657: 8957: 8067: 7542: 5390: 5255: 4373: 881: 9479: 9453: 9137: 6080: 5413: 5136: 4682: 10677: 9625: 9279: 9089: 8783: 6718: 5649: 4188:

Carl Ernst (2005), "Blasphemy: Islamic Concept", Encyclopedia of Religion (Editor: Lindsay Jones), Vol 2, Macmillan Reference,

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have declared different punishments for the religious crime of blasphemy, and they vary between schools. These are as follows:

9257: 9111: 8694: 8631: 7778: 10687: 10644: 9593: 6906: 6209: 5510: 4610: 4565: 3962: 3548: 1329::57–61 have also been used by some commentators to justify blasphemy punishments. However, other scholars opined that verses 1141:

prescribe different punishment for blasphemy, depending on whether the blasphemer is Muslim or non-Muslim, a man or a woman.

8926: 6859: 3166: 2898: 11070: 9036: 8410: 8347: 7056: 6609: 1653:, a prominent jurist and companion of Muhammad, are frequently cited to justify the death penalty as punishment blasphemy: 6715:"The Secretary General strongly condemned the publishing of blasphemous caricatures of Prophet Muhammad by Swedish artist" 6493: 6462: 2739:

pressured the provider to shut the page down (in 2006, her involvement was revealed to the public and she had to resign).

9563: 5758: 5625: 1951: 8511: 6545: 6520: 6259: 6144: 5588:"Egyptian writer Fatima Naoot sentenced to 3 years in jail for 'contempt of religion' – Politics – Egypt – Ahram Online" 4841: 869: 7962: 5278: 4492: 4209: 4007: 3986: 3865: 3815: 3662: 3606: 3578: 3462: 3184: 2775:. While Swedish newspapers had published them already, the drawings gained international attention after the newspaper 2350:

of blasphemy against Islam and sentenced to two years imprisonment. His speech in which he referenced a verse from the

2061: 1921: 289: 6688: 4350: 4163: 10539: 10493: 10153: 10147: 8484: 8248: 6179: 5038: 5011: 4914: 4650: 4519: 4193: 3486: 3051: 2888: 2312: 854: 7608:"Anti-Islam Producer Wrote Script in Prison: Authorities, 'Innocence of Muslims' Linked to Violence in Egypt, Libya" 4310:(2001). "The Interpretation of Qur'anic Text to Promote or Negate the Death Penalty for Apostates and Blasphemers". 10410: 10266: 9801: 9697: 8440: 7918: 6575: 3407: 3149: 2270: 1955: 439: 6765: 5568:

Days after Mauritania sentences man to death for 'insulting Islam', Egypt to try female writer for similar offence

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In 2014, an Egyptian state prosecutor pressed charges against a former candidate for parliament, writer and poet

2848:, claiming that if many people draw pictures of Muhammad, threats to murder them all would become unrealistic. 1568:

opined that a non-Muslim can not be killed for committing blasphemy. Other sources say his punishment must be a

1481:

Muhammad declared that there shall be no punishment for murdering anyone who disparages, abuses or insults him (

496: 11060: 10959: 10517: 10415: 8273: 4949: 4312: 2538: 1077: 1011: 536: 37: 7753: 2742: 10327: 10086: 9821: 8885: 8212: 5960: 4827: 3343: 3079:

by Sweden's Foreign Minister as "appalling" and does not imply government support for the opinion expressed.

2976: 2707:, the withdrawal of the ambassadors of Libya, Saudi Arabia and Syria from Denmark, protests around the world 2668: 2632: 2241: 2236: 8605: 6229: 4154:(1145), Kitab Ash-shifa (كتاب الشفاء بتعريف حقوق المصطفى), pp. 373–441 (Translated in English by AA Bewley, 10879: 10856: 10476: 10332: 10322: 10228: 9939: 7660: 7626: 5735: 4712: 3392: 3382: 3298: 3170: 2369: 2223:, of blaspheming Islam when she posted a Facebook message which criticized the slaughter of animals during 1960: 743: 698: 325: 8760: 8193:. Middle East Review of International Affairs (MERIA) Journal. Archived from the original on 14 March 2009 4751:

In Pakistan, 17 people are on death row for blasphemy, and dozens more have been extrajudicially murdered.

3572:

Religious Offence and Human Rights: The Implications of Defamation of Religions Cambridge University Press

1800: 10981: 10846: 10662: 10430: 10223: 9658: 6937: 4882: 3308: 2952: 2845: 2790: 2573: 811: 9579: 8582: 8458: 7450:"Kamlesh Tiwari Murder: Wife Blames 'Maulanas' for Hindu Leader's Death, Cops Call It 'Purely Criminal'" 7102: 1375:

ordered a number of enemies executed "in the hours after Mecca's fall". One of those who was killed was

10741: 10624: 10141: 9618: 8722: 8296: 7107: 6880:"It's Charlie Hebdo's right to draw Muhammad, but they missed the opportunity to do something profound" 6663: 6640: 4321: 3491: 3318: 2761: 2604: 2381: 2347: 2123: 976: 254: 7594:

Note: This document has been redacted due to concerns for safety and security of persons and locations

4814:"Michael Totten, Radical Islam's global reaction: the push for blasphemy laws (January/February 2013)" 3745:

N Swazo (2014). "The Case of Hamza Kashgari: Examining Apostasy, Heresy, and Blasphemy Under Sharia".

10821: 10522: 10351: 10047: 9827: 9790: 9187: 4307: 4204:

Abdullah Saeed and Hassan Saeed (2004), Freedom of Religion, Apostasy and Islam, Ashgate Publishing,

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Individuals have been accused of blasphemy or of insulting Islam for a variety of actions and words.

2956:

that he be "beheaded" for "insulting" Muhammad. Tiwari was arrested in Lucknow on 3 December 2015 by

2785: 2724: 2588: 2252:

on 19 March 2015. Farkhunda had previously been arguing with a mullah named Zainuddin, in front of a

2145: 1998: 1893: 1869: 1042: 344: 6411: 5217: 5108: 5079: 3225:

expressing an atheist or a secular point of view or publishing or distributing such a point of view.

3058:

calling for the harm of the video's participants have been issued and Pakistani government minister

2456:

article. An online petition opposed a reproduction of a 17th-century Ottoman copy of a 14th-century

10976: 10705: 10529: 10302: 9840: 8907: 8671: 8583:"Anxieties of fundamentalism and the dynamics of modernist resistance: Youssef Chahine's Al Maseer" 5610: 3303: 3016: 2257: 2137: 2133: 2119: 2091: 1603: 1400:

went on talking to him in this way till he got the chance to kill him. Narrated Jabir bin 'Abdullah

886: 720: 9059: 10839: 9713: 8533: 4277:

Muhammad ibn al-Hassan al-Tusi (1067), Al-Nihaya, pp. 730–31 and Tadhib al-Ahkam, vol. 10, p. 85;

3772: 3328: 2569: 2023:(Islamic law). The group explicitly referred to the Al-Azhar fatwā when claiming responsibility. 468: 9867: 6291: 981: 10991: 10920: 10889: 10829: 9811: 9806: 9724: 8855: 7727: 6613: 4547: 3353: 3313: 3100: 2944: 2794: 2577: 2437: 2411: 2361: 2343: 2324: 1945:, the title of which refers to an account that Muhammad, in the course of revealing the Quran, 892: 517: 444: 8240: 5028: 4600: 4551: 4534: 3062:

offered a bounty for the killing of Nakoula, the producer. The film has sparked debates about

1176:

In Islamic literature, blasphemy is of many types, and there are many different words for it:

10937: 10915: 9734: 9611: 9010: 7167:

Kamlesh Tiwari murder: UP Police says case solved, remarks on Prophet Muhammad behind killing

6722: 6393: 5001: 4978: 4509: 4482: 3650: 3594: 3532: 3397: 3368: 3338: 3323: 2684:

published 12 editorial cartoons, most of which depicted the Prophet Muhammad. One cartoon by

1927:

Notwithstanding, controversies raised in the non-Muslim world, especially over depictions of

1461: 1384: 1376: 1165: 9319: 8805: 8555: 8232: 8138:"Document – Pakistan: Fear for safety/ Prisoner of Conscience (POC), Mohammed Younus Shaikh" 8071: 8045: 6840:«Charlie Hebdo»: Charb, le directeur de la publication du journal satirique, a été assassiné 6766:"Ryan j Budke. "South Park's been showing Muhammad all season!" TVSquad.com; April 15, 2006" 6147: 3118:, that is, the act of abandoning Islam, or finding faults or expressing doubts about Allah ( 2436:. Few weeks later, the magazine received protests, petitions and threats against publishing 1133:, while others argue that the death penalty applies only to cases where perpetrator commits 10604: 10511: 10456: 9379: 9280:"Annual Report of the United States Commission on International Religious Freedom May 2009" 8832: 8632:"Annual Report of the United States Commission on International Religious Freedom May 2009" 8436: 6692: 6579: 5282: 4167: 3032: 3007: 2980: 2957: 2916:

cartoons in the wake of the attack, with the new editor-in-chief citing security concerns.

2821: 2506: 2308: 2303: 1397: 1392: 1388: 1224:(accuse, defame). In Islamic literature, the term "blasphemy" sometimes also overlaps with 959: 8376: 8137: 5780: 4970: 4283:

Ali ibn Babawaih al-Qummi al-Saduq (991), Al-Hidaya fi al-Usul wa al-Furu, pp. 295–97

3738:

P Smith (2003). "Speak No Evil: Apostasy, Blasphemy and Heresy in Malaysian Syariah Law".

2855: 1391:

said, "O Allah's Apostle! Do you like me to kill him?" He replied in the affirmative. So,

8: 10834: 10715: 10609: 9922: 9719: 9141: 8877: 8730: 7559:

Anti-Muslim film had permit allowing 1-day shoot at LA County ranch, use of fire, animals

7269:

Who was Kamlesh Tiwari, the Hindu Samaj Party leader killed in broad daylight in Lucknow?

7038: 6846: 6439: 6345: 5317: 3067: 3059: 2542: 2448:

In 2008, several Muslims protested against the inclusion of Muhammad's depictions in the

2101: 2008: 1935:

to minorities in secular countries. A key case was the 1989 fatwa against English author

1831:, al-Harith was captured and, in retaliation, Muhammad ordered his execution in hands of 503: 7578: 6960: 4274:

Ali ibn Ahmad al-Amili al-Thani (1602), Sharh al-Luma al-Dimashqiya, vol. 9, pp. 194–95;

11065: 10996: 10910: 10761: 10697: 10505: 10481: 10158: 10136: 10096: 9986: 9899: 9850: 9816: 9707: 9585: 9544: 9289:. United States Commission on International Religious Freedom. May 2009. Archived from 9231: 8734: 8093: 6745: 6111: 5533: 5380: 5245: 4938: 4511:

Political Secularism, Religion, and the State: A Time Series Analysis of Worldwide Data

4456: 4333: 3914: 3096: 3012: 2893: 2807: 2677: 1941: 1874: 1820: 1701: 1259: 1161: 1070: 715: 457: 261: 8961: 7546: 6051: 4794:

Forte, David F. "Apostasy and Blasphemy in Pakistan." Conn. J. Int'l L. 10 (1994): 27.

4384: 2844:

bleeping all references to Muhammad. In reaction, cartoonist Molly Norris created the

2631:

In September 2005, in the tense aftermath of the assassination of Dutch film director

1964:

in which he discussed freedom to publish books that may cause distress to minorities.

10971: 10966: 10871: 10861: 10851: 10534: 10420: 10372: 10215: 10126: 9887: 9877: 9872: 9862: 9857: 9690: 9589: 9209: 8406: 8244: 8233: 8206: 8115: 7974: 7958: 6795: 6549: 6524: 6306: 6205: 6175: 6136: 6088: 5034: 5007: 4945: 4821: 4690: 4646: 4642:

Heaven on Earth: A Journey Through Shari'a Law from the Deserts of Ancient Arabia ...

4606: 4561: 4515: 4488: 4205: 4189: 4155: 4003: 3982: 3958: 3861: 3811: 3658: 3602: 3574: 3544: 3458: 3412: 3358: 3288: 3115: 3063: 2777: 2592: 2449: 2261: 2256:

where she worked as a religious teacher, about his practice of selling charms at the

2169: 2012: 1932: 1897: 1847: 1716: 734: 475: 396: 334: 232: 211: 9402: 9290: 8984:"Censorship and Persecution in the Name of Islam: A Tunisian Weekly Counts the Ways" 7487: 7485: 7483: 4872:"Blasphemy Laws Exposed – The Consequences of Criminalizing Defamation of Religions" 4094:

Ahmad ibn Muhammad al-Tahawi (933), Mukhtasar Ikhtilaf al-Ulama, vol. 3, p. 504

4010:. p. 194, Quote: "All the negative connotations of factionalism, social dissension, 1333::57–61 could only have been acted upon during the life of the Prophet and since the 11001: 10986: 10746: 10451: 10173: 10111: 10101: 10091: 10076: 9882: 9785: 9757: 9645: 9538:

Blasphemy Laws Exposed: The Consequences of Criminalizing 'Defamation of Religions'

9510: 9115: 8646: 7155:

Lucknow: Hindu Samaj Party leader Kamlesh Tiwari killed, assailants slit his throat

7131:"Kamlesh Tiwari: Hindu Mahasabha leader Kamlesh Tiwari stabbed to death in Lucknow" 5554: 5104: 4325: 4115: 4091:* Abu al-Layth al-Samarqandi (983), Mukhtalaf al-Riwayah, vol. 3, pp. 1298–99 4066: 3500: 3363: 2685: 2546: 1909: 1625: 1615: 1519: 1509: 1416: 1406: 401: 275: 26: 7185:"This is what Kamlesh Tiwari said about Prophet Muhammad which infuriated Muslims" 6195: 3039:

were uploaded during early September 2012. Anti-Islamic content had been added in

2640: 2019:, and favouring the existing legal system in Egypt rather than the application of 1846:(abuse of the Prophet) was a crime "so heinous that repentance was disallowed and 1842:

ordered a number of enemies executed. Based on this early jurists postulated that

1334: 1134: 10927: 10634: 10579: 10379: 10065: 10025: 9976: 9928: 9702: 8934: 8020: 7997: 7874: 7822: 7798: 7480: 7021:"Charlie Hebdo editor Stephane Charbonnier crossed off chilling al-Qaeda hitlist" 7001: 6884: 6416: 6140: 5882: 5574: 5180: 5158: 4640: 3422: 3228:

using words that Muslims use because the individuals were not Muslims (Malaysia).

3040: 2961: 2948: 2829: 2736: 2672: 2533: 2287: 2282: 2196: 2154: 2067: 1889: 1469: 1293: 1103: 1053: 603: 382: 361: 9341: 29:

was executed in Baghdad amid political intrigue and charges of blasphemy in 922.

11039: 10766: 10619: 10461: 10163: 9571: 8700: 6030: 5822: 5800: 5700: 5166: 4764:"Laws Penalizing Blasphemy, Apostasy and Defamation of Religion are Widespread" 4128:

Ahmad ibn Muhammad al-Tahawi (933), Mukhtasar Ikhtilaf al-Ulama, vol. 3, p. 504

3255: 3092: 2925: 2825: 2772: 2291: 2203: 2187: 2183: 2178: 2174: 2115: 2111: 2079: 2075: 1946: 1936: 1913: 1828: 1465: 1338: 375: 206: 7424:"Here's why 1 lakh Muslims are demanding the death penalty for Kamlesh Tiwari" 7398:"Hindu Mahasabha leader Kamlesh Tiwari found murdered inside house in Lucknow" 7308:"Here's why 1 lakh Muslims are demanding the death penalty for Kamlesh Tiwari" 6158:

Knowledge and Depictions of the Prophet Muhammad: The Latest Inane Distraction

4271:

Ayatullah Abu al-Qasim al-Khoei (1992), Minhaj al-Salihin, vol. 2, pp. 43–45;

2828:

who airs the series rejected the scene and its creators reacted by satirizing

1545:

curses those who commit blasphemy and promises blasphemers humiliation in the

1152:, and some countries prescribe punishments consisting of fines, imprisonment, 1113:

curses those who commit blasphemy and promises blasphemers humiliation in the

11054: 10942: 10779: 10629: 10168: 10131: 10106: 9991: 6799: 6553: 6528: 6310: 6255: 6230:"Dyb angst for kritik af islam ("Profound anxiety about criticism of Islam")" 5500:. Eurasia Review, courtesy of the South Asia Analysis Group. 28 January 2011. 5213: 5075: 4940:

A Brief History of Blasphemy: Liberalism, Censorship and 'The Satanic Verses'

4636: 4443: 4221: 3764: 3417: 3293: 3215: 2965: 2933: 2902: 2891:(AQAP), released a hit list in an edition of their English-language magazine 2817: 2752: 2716: 2664: 2433: 2038: 2032: 1905: 1853: 1765: 1635: 1597: 1149: 1063: 125: 8163: 6788:"Texas shooting: What have we learned five years after 'Draw Muhammad Day'?" 4329: 3979:

The Rushdie Fatwa and After: A Lesson to the Circumspect, Palgrave Macmillan

3504: 2160:, a charge she denied, and was arrested and imprisoned. In November 2010, a 1824: 11029: 10954: 10614: 10466: 10344: 10060: 9964: 9952: 9666: 9575: 9232:"Supreme court confirms death sentence for two journalists for "blasphemy"" 9164: 7572:"County of Los Angeles Releases Redacted Film Permit for "Desert Warriors"" 7079: 7060: 6287: 5650:"Farkhunda's family take comfort from tide of outrage in wake of her death" 5515: 5113: 5057: 4280:

Ali ibn al-Hussein "Sharif al-Murtada" (1044). Al-Intisar, pp. 480–81;

2860: 2760:

cartoons of Muhammad. It was taken to court by Islamic organisations under

2712: 2652: 2551: 2220: 1858: 1733: 1693: 1444: 1301: 1153: 1145: 1099: 692: 683: 660: 612: 489: 368: 310: 7791:

Fatwa issued by Muslim cleric against participants in an anti-Islamic film

5197: 4159: 2767:

In July 2007, art galleries in Sweden declined to show drawings of artist

2248:

woman who was publicly beaten and slain by a mob of hundreds of people in

10591: 10081: 10020: 9947: 9834: 9112:"Independent weekly hit by two bombs after threats from radical movement" 8444: 7283:"1 lakh Muslims gather in Muzaffarnagar, demand death for Kamlesh Tiwari" 6346:"Fundamentally Danish? The Muhammad Cartoon Crisis as Transitional Drama" 6305:. Malmö Institute for Studies of Migration, Diversity and Welfare (MIM). 5785: 5529: 5222: 4480: 4432:. Vol. 2. Farmington Hills, MI: Thomson Gale. 2005. pp. 974–76. 3917:

the verse is directed towards who “fights against Muslims”, according to

3838:

Stanfield-Johnson, R. (2004). "The tabarra'iyan and the early Safavids".

3427: 3387: 3157: 2836: 2639:

published an article discussing the difficulty encountered by the writer

2420: 2377: 2265: 2224: 2161: 2043: 1882: 1591: 801: 160: 7605: 6583: 4337: 2731:

In Sweden, an online caricature competition was announced in support of

2368:, made a controversial speech while introducing a government project at 2334: 1788: 10884: 9981: 9956: 7624: 6749: 6379:"The Muhammad Cartoon Crisis. The tip of an Iceberg", Japanese religion 6005:"Jakarta governor Ahok found guilty of blasphemy, jailed for two years" 5308: 4151: 3918: 2881: 2840: 2812: 2802: 2768: 2461: 2071: 2016: 1994: 1987: 1978: 1565: 430: 7728:"Death, destruction in Pakistan amid protests tied to anti-Islam film" 6822:"'Charlie Hebdo' Editor in Chief: 'A Drawing Has Never Killed Anyone'" 6204:(in Danish). Anonymous illustrator. Høst & Søn/Tøkk. p. 268. 5551:"Demonstrators Prevent Court Appearance of Alleged Pakistani Assassin" 2793:, an event in support of artists threatened with violence for drawing 10599: 10030: 9845: 5137:"Muhammad & the teddy bear: a case of intercultural incompetence" 5080:"I was terrified that the guards would come in and teach me a lesson" 3910: 3219: 3208: 3073: 2457: 2429: 1650: 1354: 1318: 1095: 1032: 296: 269: 7545:. Reading Eagle. Associated Press. 20 September 2012. Archived from 7211:"Azam Khan no stranger to controversies, has a history of squabbles" 4111: 1125:, is similarly debated. Some have interpreted hadith as prescribing 10932: 10438: 10296: 10248: 10042: 9996: 9960: 9685: 8418: 7530:

Kamlesh Tiwari was stabbed 15 times, shot once | Post-mortem report

6084: 5932:"Pakistan journalism student latest victim of blasphemy vigilantes" 5906:"Pakistan 'blasphemy killing': murdered student 'devoted to Islam'" 5250: 4557: 3142: 3087: 3047: 2937: 2865: 2688:

depicted Muhammad with a bomb in his turban, which resulted in the

2407: 2403: 2269:

Her murder and the subsequent protests served to draw attention to

2157: 1928: 1878: 1839: 1722: 1705: 1579: 1578:– view blasphemy as an offense distinct from, and more severe than 1457: 1372: 1330: 1326: 970: 927: 829: 141: 7606:

Esposito, Richard; Ross, Brian; Galli, Cindy (13 September 2012).

4605:. Vol. 3 (2 ed.). MSA Publication Limited. p. 412. 4258: 3923: 3105: 2402:

A 17th century copy of a 14th-century Persian manuscript image of

1823:, who was an Arab Pagan doctor from Taif, used to tell stories of 10947: 10553: 10241: 10121: 10013: 10006: 10001: 9743: 9427:

Wafa, Abdul Waheed; Carlotta Gall; Taimoor Shah (11 March 2009).

8759:. International Christian Concern. 16 August 2002. Archived from 8606:"Pakistan lifts Facebook ban but 'blasphemous' pages stay hidden" 8481:"Nigeria Christian Killed in Riot Over Blasphemy; Dozens Injured" 7625:

Dion Nissenbaum; James Oberman; Erica Orden (13 September 2012).

7103:"Why a Danish newspaper won't publish the Charlie Hebdo cartoons" 6606:"Pakistan Condemns the Publication of Offensive Sketch in Sweden" 3237:

publishing an unofficial translation of the Qur'an (Afghanistan).

3123: 3020: 2995: 2972: 2929: 2764:; it was ultimately acquitted of charges that it incited hatred. 2704: 2696: 2441: 2365: 2245: 2149: 1585: 1157: 1138: 948: 836: 784: 581: 282: 134: 79: 9003:"Late Publishing Mogul Madbouli leaves behind a Literary Legacy" 7057:

Paris terror attack: huge manhunt under way after gunmen kill 12

5003:

God Has Ninety-Nine Names: Reporting from a Militant Middle East

2858:

right before its 3 November issue was due; the issue was called

2424:

printed on the same page pictures of "moral apostles" Muhammad,

10471: 10445: 10404: 10365: 10282: 10195: 10116: 9971: 9917: 9912: 9679: 9603: 6984:"Murdered Charlie Hebdo cartoonist was on al Qaeda wanted list" 4580:

The Encyclopaedia of Islam, New Edition, Vol. VII, 1993, p. 872

4225: 3036: 2636: 2276: 2253: 2020: 1916:, the Federal Minister for Minorities) have been assassinated. 1709: 1643: 1575: 1561: 1554: 1546: 1273: 1122: 1118: 1114: 934: 709: 702: 559: 482: 303: 114: 69: 9318:. Reporters Without Borders. 19 September 2007. Archived from 9210:"2008 Report on International Religious Freedom – Afghanistan" 9140:. Scholars for Peace in the Middle East. n.d. . Archived from 6353:

Human Architecture: Journal of the Sociology of Self-knowledge

5313:"Christian Woman sentenced to Death in Pakistan for blasphemy" 4535:

Byzantium and the Arabs in the Sixth Century, Volume 2, Part 2

3883:

Pakistan's Blasphemy Laws: From Islamic Empires to the Taliban

10720: 10545: 10499: 10487: 10289: 10275: 10234: 9907: 9764: 9750: 9671: 9634: 9426: 7998:"Nigeria: Blasphemy – Rioters Burn Police Outpost, Injure 12" 7810:

Egypt cleric issues fatwa against 'Innocence of Muslims' cast

3957:. Burlington VT: Ashgate Publishing Company. pp. 57–58. 3675: 3673: 3671: 3204: 3055: 2991: 2987: 2887:

In March 2013, Al-Qaeda's branch in Yemen, commonly known as

2869: 2425: 2373: 2351: 2249: 2003: 1967: 1901: 1677: 1673: 1639: 1569: 1542: 1474: 1227: 1110: 1091: 1026: 1019: 941: 920: 913: 899: 843: 777: 770: 763: 751: 649: 638: 592: 548: 423: 414: 407: 227: 220: 201: 180: 107: 100: 88: 8672:"Reports: Sudan arrests UK teacher for teddy bear blasphemy" 8323:"Iran Drops Death Penalty for Professor Guilty of Blasphemy" 7518:

Saffron fringe group leader Kamlesh Tiwari killed in Lucknow

7075:"Satirical French magazine Charlie Hebdo attacked by gunmen" 5823:"Afghan court quashes Farkhunda mob killing death sentences" 5728:"Afghan cleric and others defend lynching of woman in Kabul" 5701:"Afghan woman Farkhunda lynched in Kabul 'for speaking out'" 5441:"Salmaan Taseer came here and he sacrificed his life for me" 4481:

Gerhard Böwering; Patricia Crone; Mahan Mirza, eds. (2013).

4294:

Ali ibn al-Hussein al-Murtada (1044), Al-Intisar, pp. 480–81

3690: 3688: 3264:

uttering "words of infidelity" (sayings that are forbidden).

3176:

writing Muhammad's name on the walls of a toilet (Pakistan).

2990:

to give him a sweets box with an address of a sweet shop in

2001:

after being accused of blasphemy by a committee of clerics (

1947:

received a revelation from Satan and incorporated it therein

10386: 10358: 10308: 10255: 10200: 9771: 9515:"In Queens, Seeking to Clear a Path Between Yoga and Islam" 8784:"Pakistan: Dubai Should End Shutdown of Pakistani Channels" 8643:

United States Commission on International Religious Freedom

8162:. Dawn the Internet Edition. 12 August 2005. Archived from 4423: 4421: 4419: 4417: 4415: 4413: 4411: 4409: 4112:"Blasphemy and the death penalty: Misconceptions explained" 4031: 3455:

Psychology of Early Sufi Sama: Listening and Altered States

3251: 3241: 1550: 906: 822: 790: 621: 570: 510: 350: 189: 171: 153: 45: 9165:"Afghanistan: Journalist Serving 20 Years for "Blasphemy"" 6961:"Paris Police Say 12 Dead After Shooting at Charlie Hebdo" 5030:

Censorship of Historical Thought: A World Guide, 1945–2000

3668: 2928:, an Indian politician, was killed in a planned attack in 2806:, which had previously depicted Muhammad as a superhero (" 2318: 9316:"Cartoonist arrested over harmless play on name Mohammed" 9114:. Reporters Without Borders. 11 July 2006. Archived from 9035:. The Daily Star Lebanon. 25 October 2008. Archived from 8094:"Pakistan city tense after 'blaspheming' Christians shot" 7919:"Lesson 13 : The Types of Blasphemy and Blasphemers" 7823:"Anti-Islam film: US condemns Pakistan minister's bounty" 7618: 5676:"Woman Killed in Kabul Transformed From Pariah to Martyr" 5418: 5385: 4842:"Islamic states to reopen quest for global blasphemy law" 4374:"Defection from Islam: A Disturbing Human Rights Dilemma" 4048: 4046: 3708:"Apostasy in Islam: A Historical and Scriptural Analysis" 3685: 3046:

What was perceived as denigrating of the Islamic Prophet

1832: 1697: 59: 9498:

Women and Politics in Asia: A Springboard for Democracy?

8757:"Blasphemy Prisoner Acquitted After Six Years in Prison" 7931:

Lawton, D. (1993). Blasphemy. Univ of Pennsylvania Press

7475:

Plan to kill Kamlesh Tiwari hatched 2 months ago: Police

7002:"French satirical paper Charlie Hebdo attacked in Paris" 6135:

MS Arabe 1489. The image used by Knowledge is hosted on

5759:"Afghans Protest Brutal Mob Killing of 'Innocent' Woman" 4913:. Constitutional Rights Foundation. 2009. Archived from 4768:

Pew Research Center's Religion & Public Life Project

4406: 4394: 3194: 2398: 1284:) those they invoke other than Allah, lest they insult ( 1137:, especially during times of war. Different traditional 6143:). The reproduction originates from the website of the 5606:"Family of Afghan woman lynched by mob demands justice" 5381:"Pakistani Christian Asia Bibi 'has price on her head'" 5345:"Militants say killed Pakistani minister for blasphemy" 4971:"Document – Egypt: Human Rights Abuses By Armed Groups" 4484:

The Princeton Encyclopedia of Islamic Political Thought

3231:

praying that Muslims become something else (Indonesia).

3019:. Two versions of the 14-minute video were uploaded to 9212:. United States Department of State. 19 September 2008 8046:"Nigeria: International Religious Freedom Report 2008" 7577:. FilmLA. 20 September 2012. f00043012. Archived from 7373:"All You Need To Know About Malda Violence: Explained" 5878:"Man 'sentenced to death for atheism' in Saudi Arabia" 5781:"What's the Future for Women's Rights in Afghanistan?" 5468:"Militants say killed Pakistan minister for blasphemy" 5414:"Christian's Death Verdict Spurs Holy Row in Pakistan" 4043: 3480: 3478: 3476: 3474: 2643:

to find an illustrator to work on his children's book

2393: 2388: 1600:– views insulting God or Islamic prophets as apostasy. 8160:"Karachi: Writer of sacrilegious book gets life term" 8068:"Blasphemy Laws and Intellectual Freedom in Pakistan" 7875:"Turkey condemns 'vile' Sweden Quran-burning protest" 6637:"Indignant Afghanistan slams Prophet Mohammad sketch" 6163: 6141:

upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0d/Maome.jpg

5801:"Trial begins in case of Kabul lynching of Farkhunda" 5543: 2960:. He was detained under National Security Act by the 2635:, killed for his views on Islam, Danish news service 2460:

manuscript image depicting Muhammad as he prohibited

2055: 9480:"Malaysia: Muslims warned to avoid blasphemous yoga" 9454:"Malaysia: Muslims warned to avoid blasphemous yoga" 8021:"Nigeria: Mob Kills 50-Year-Old Man for 'Blasphemy'" 6494:"French court clears weekly in Mohammad cartoon row" 6463:"French court clears weekly in Mohammad cartoon row" 5498:

Barelvis and Deobandhis: "Birds of the Same Feather"

3132: 1494: 1488: 1482: 1245: 1239: 1233: 1225: 1219: 1213: 1207: 1201: 1195: 1189: 1183: 1177: 9033:"Jordanian poet accused of 'atheism and blasphemy'" 8187:"Faraj Fawda, or The Cost of Freedom of Expression" 8040: 8038: 7494:"Kamlesh Tiwari murder case: Six detained in Surat" 7335:"Kamlesh Tiwari not a member, says Hindu Mahasabha" 6172:

Provoen og Profeten: Muhammed Krisen bag kulisserne

5045:

In December 1992 Foda's collected works were banned

4353:

Guardian 20 January 2010. Retrieved 23 January 2010

3657:(editors: Coeli Fitzpatrick and Adam Hani Walker). 3601:(editors: Coeli Fitzpatrick and Adam Hani Walker). 3471: 7238:"RSS volunteers are 'homosexuals', says Azam Khan" 7039:"Les deux hommes criaient "Allah akbar" en tirant" 6174:(in Danish). Copenhagen: Jyllands-Postens Forlag. 5577:Agence France-Presse, MG Africa (28 December 2014) 5534:"Salman Taseer: Thousands mourn Pakistan governor" 4937: 4602:The Meaning and Explanation of the Glorious Qur'an 4302: 4300: 3788: 3234:finding amusement in Islamic customs (Bangladesh). 3074:Blasphemy in Sweden during Turkish-Sweden tensions 9254:"'Allah' cannot be used by non-Muslims: Malaysia" 8548: 8230: 7543:"Anti-Muslim film got LA County permit for shoot" 6031:"Jakarta governor Ahok found guilty of blasphemy" 5726:Shalizi, Hamid; Donati, Jessica (20 March 2015). 4436: 4351:Islamic scholar attacks Pakistan's blasphemy laws 4026:Islam Without Extremes: A Muslim Case for Liberty 3952: 3821:Hassner, R. E. (2011). "Blasphemy and Violence". 3810:(ed: Coeli Fitzpatrick Ph.D., Adam Hani Walker). 3267:participating in non-Islamic religious festivals. 2715:as well as consumer boycotts of Danish products. 2118:(photo) were both assassinated for advocating on 1838:According to certain hadiths, after Mecca's fall 1438:the way I deem fit). He said: Talk (as you like). 11052: 9256:. expressindia.com. 5 March 2009. Archived from 9088:. English PEN. 12 September 2008. Archived from 9086:"Egypt: Internet writer Kareem Amer ill treated" 8695:"Death to Blasphemers: Islam's Grip on Pakistan" 8534:"Jordan charges Dutch politician with blasphemy" 8070:. South Asian Voice. August 2002. Archived from 8035: 7352: 6432:"Swedish foreign minister resigns over cartoons" 5673: 5511:"Salmaan Taseer: murder in an extremist climate" 5220:[A goat, a fight and a death sentence]. 5109:"Jailed teddy row teacher appeals for tolerance" 4592: 4259:"Verbal Nullifiers in the Chapter on Prophecies" 3806:Siraj Khan. "Blasphemy against the Prophet", in 3527: 3525: 3523: 3521: 2354:sparked wide protests asking for his conviction. 2230: 2026: 8483:. BosNewsLife. 13 February 2008. Archived from 8371: 8369: 8266:"In Today's Iran, Anything Else Is "Blasphemy"" 7944:, The encyclopedia of religion, New York (1987) 7754:"Egypt newspaper fights cartoons with cartoons" 6169: 5246:"Fear for Pakistan's death row Christian woman" 4816:. Archived from the original on 6 January 2013. 4736:"Living in fear under Pakistan's blasphemy law" 4677: 4675: 4297: 3747:The Review of Faith & International Affairs 3261:claiming that forbidden acts are not forbidden. 2795:representations of the Islamic Prophet Muhammad 2680:and self-censorship. On 30 September 2005, the 2645:The Qur'an and the life of the Prophet Muhammad 2472: 2214: 1864: 9429:"Afghan Court Backs Prison Term for Blasphemy" 7779:Latest Protests Against Depictions of Muhammad 7684:"Man Linked to Film in Protests Is Questioned" 7264: 7262: 7260: 7258: 6689:"Jordan condemns new Swedish Mohammed cartoon" 6081:"Muslims Protest Knowledge Images of Muhammad" 5983:"Ahok Sent to 2 Years in Prison for Blasphemy" 5062:Islamism and Its Enemies in the Horn of Africa 4306: 3564: 3190:invoking God while committing a forbidden act. 1972: 9619: 6576:"Iran protests over Swedish Muhammad cartoon" 5997: 5959:. metrotvnews.com. 9 May 2017. Archived from 5725: 5198:Teddy bear" teacher leaves Sudan after pardon 4705: 4546: 3831:Lewis, Bernard. "Behind the Rushdie affair." 3789:Juan Eduardo Campo, ed. (2009). "Blasphemy". 3518: 3403:Defamation of religion and the United Nations 2612: 2144:1971; better known as Asia Bibi convicted of 1827:to the Arabs and scoffed Muhammad. After the 1572:(discretionary, can be arrest, caning, etc.). 1268:The only verse that directly says blasphemy ( 1071: 9188:"Afghan student's death sentence hits nerve" 8510:. Wall Street Journal Europe. Archived from 8366: 8348:"Iran Frees Professor Set to Die for Speech" 7179: 7177: 7175: 6628: 5643: 5641: 5218:"Eine Ziege, ein Streit und ein Todesurteil" 4672: 4631: 4629: 4598: 4589:"Sirat Rasul Allah" by Ibn Ishaq, pp. 135–36 4457:"Govt warned against amending blasphemy law" 4371: 3589: 3587: 3271: 3015:short film that was written and produced by 2277:Death sentence for Ahmad Al Shamri's atheism 1857:decision led by the famed and strict jurist 1536: 1387:who has really hurt Allah and His Apostle?" 8810:International Religious Freedom Report 2008 8560:International Religious Freedom Report 2008 8433:"Indonesian 'Prophet' jailed for blasphemy" 8377:"Pakistan: Use and abuse of blasphemy laws" 8294: 7703:"There-may-be-no-anti-Islamic-movie-at-all" 7675: 7255: 7128: 6930:"Look Who's on Al Qaeda's Most-Wanted List" 6404: 5540:, 5 January 2011. Retrieved 7 January 2011. 5518:, 5 January 2011. Retrieved 7 January 2011. 4713:"Timeline: Accused under the Blasphemy Law" 4476: 4474: 3214:believing in transmigration of the soul or 3043:by dubbing, without the actors' knowledge. 2975:of blasphemy in India. His detention under 2418:In December 1999, the German news magazine 2085: 1779: 9626: 9612: 9570: 9234:. Reporters sans frontières. 6 August 2003 8812:. U.S. State Department. 19 September 2008 8562:. U.S. State Department. 19 September 2008 7850:"Should Innocence of Muslims be censored?" 7129:Chakraborty, Pathikrit (18 October 2019). 6634: 5841:"A Memorial To Farkhunda Appears In Kabul" 5307: 4965: 4963: 4961: 4905: 4903: 4514:. Cambridge University Press. p. 83. 4487:. Princeton University Press. p. 72. 4400: 4037: 3694: 3679: 3537:"What does the Quran say about Blasphemy?" 3484: 2709:including violent demonstrations and riots 2619: 2605: 2376:. His opponents criticized this speech as 2037:In September 2007, Bangladeshi cartoonist 1968:Notable modern cases involving individuals 1098:is impious utterance or action concerning 1078: 1064: 9372:takes action against persons responsible" 9130: 9078: 8715: 8226: 8224: 8222: 7172: 7066: 6860:Trois «Charlie» sous protection policière 6598: 6454: 6222: 5793: 5667: 5647: 5638: 5068: 4727: 4626: 4537:, p. 179, Irfan Shahîd. Also see footnote 3876: 3874: 3808:Muhammad in History, Thought, and Culture 3655:Muhammad in History, Thought, and Culture 3599:Muhammad in History, Thought, and Culture 3584: 3531: 3349:Blasphemy law in the United Arab Emirates 2380:, and reported him to the police. He was 2186:and Pakistan's Minority Affairs Minister 1667:Ibn Qayyim al Jawziya and Ata 1998, 4:379 8749: 8624: 8499: 8405: 7326: 7100: 7072: 6485: 6282: 6280: 6248: 6194: 6023: 5975: 5949: 5875: 5411: 5405: 5374: 5372: 5370: 5103: 5026: 5020: 4471: 3948: 3946: 3944: 3880: 3763: 3163:claiming to be a Prophet or a messenger. 3086: 2872:, known as Charb, and two co-workers at 2784: 2741: 2397: 2372:in which he referenced a verse from the 2120:Asia Bibi's behalf in her blasphemy case 2066:In November 2007, British schoolteacher 1982: 1868: 1732: 1687: 1683: 1613:Some jurists suggest that the sunnah in 1383:The Prophet said, "Who is ready to kill 20: 9581:Freedom of Religion, Apostasy and Islam 9400: 9185: 9162: 8721: 8506:Samson, Elizabeth (10 September 2008). 8459:"16 die in cartoon protests in Nigeria" 8383:. Amnesty International. 27 July 1994. 8263: 8140:. Amnesty International. 19 August 2005 8060: 8018: 7995: 7901:"Salman Rushdie on Surviving the Fatwa" 7599: 7359:Kamlesh Tiwari may contest U.P. bypolls 7018: 6681: 6664:"Egypt wades into Swedish cartoons row" 6543: 6518: 6491: 6460: 6332:Muhammedsag: Ikke ligefrem en genistreg 5719: 5693: 5648:Rasmussen, Sune Engel (23 March 2015). 5465: 5459: 5276: 5056: 4958: 4935: 4900: 4231:al-Sārim al-Maslūl 'ala Shātim al-Rasūl 4054:The Assassination of Kaʿb b. al-Ashraf. 3955:Freedom of Religion, Apostasy and Islam 3921:"waging war" "includes disbelief". See 3784: 3782: 3740:UC Davis Journal Int'l Law & Policy 3645: 3643: 3641: 3639: 3637: 3635: 3541:The Qur'an: What Everyone Needs to Know 3001: 2319:Imprisonment of the governor of Jakarta 2297: 1680:cover punishment for blasphemous acts. 11053: 9057: 9000: 8955: 8924: 8870: 8853: 8830: 8692: 8580: 8505: 8219: 8019:Ibrahim, Yusha'u A. (11 August 2008). 7847: 7700: 7681: 7644: 7491: 7370: 7332: 7235: 7101:Sillesen, Lene Bech (8 January 2015). 6927: 6877: 6819: 6719:Organisation of the Islamic Conference 6661: 6655: 6635:Salahuddin, Sayed (1 September 2007). 6500:from the original on 21 September 2013 6473:from the original on 21 September 2013 6376: 6343: 6292:"The Danish Muhammad Cartoon Conflict" 6286: 5618: 5522: 5378: 5050: 4999: 4993: 4733: 4109: 3953:Saeed, Abdullah; Hassan Saeed (2004). 3871: 3633: 3631: 3629: 3627: 3625: 3623: 3621: 3619: 3617: 3615: 3433:Category:People executed for blasphemy 3109:in 1989 calling for his assassination. 2919: 2199:were also unnerved by her sentencing. 16:Overview of Islamic views on blasphemy 10806: 10574: 10190: 9607: 8876: 8798: 8781: 8603: 8387:from the original on 23 February 2015 8320: 8184: 7760:. Associated Press. 26 September 2012 7650: 7055:Kim Willsher et al. (7 January 2015) 6568: 6391: 6277: 6170:Hansen, John; Hundevadt, Kim (2006). 6112:"Knowledge Islam Entry Is Criticized" 6109: 5857:from the original on 25 February 2016 5756: 5367: 5289:from the original on 14 November 2010 5238: 5212: 5206: 5033:. Greenwood Publishing. p. 196. 4683:"What are Pakistan's blasphemy laws?" 4635: 3941: 3452: 3383:Blacklash against anti–blasphemy laws 3195:Blasphemy against beliefs and customs 2800:In 2006, the American comedy program 2703:) i.e. complains by Muslim groups in 2364:during his tenure as the governor of 2017:separation of religion from the state 1931:, questioning issues relating to the 10575: 10191: 9500:, LIT Verlag (Zurich), 15, pp. 71–80 8960:. Middle East Online. Archived from 8949: 8918: 8473: 8118:. BBC News / South Asia. 4 June 2006 7996:Ibrahim, Yusha'u A. (20 June 2009). 7848:Fenton, Thomas (12 September 2012). 7651:Zahos, Zachary (19 September 2012). 7492:Shaikh, Sarfaraz (19 October 2019). 7280: 7049: 7031: 6981: 6958: 6907:"Has al-Qaeda Struck Back? Part One" 6820:Simons, Stefan (20 September 2012). 6754:. Season 5. Episode 68. 4 July 2001. 6707: 6662:Fouché, Gwladys (3 September 2007). 6610:Pakistan Ministry of Foreign Affairs 6254: 5503: 5412:McCarthy, Julie (14 December 2010). 5393:from the original on 7 December 2010 5301: 5279:"Christian Woman Sentenced to Death" 5258:from the original on 6 December 2010 5159:"Sudanese Views differ in Teddy Row" 4852:from the original on 13 October 2015 4599:Abdul-Rahman, Muhammad Saed (2009). 3856:Talal Asad, in Hent de Vries (ed.). 3779: 3769:Shariah: What Everyone Needs to Know 3767:(2018). "Freedom and Human Rights". 3732: 1783: 1728: 1379:, because he had insulted Muhammad. 1171: 9564:United Nations Human Rights Council 9509: 9401:Dummett, Mark (19 September 2007). 9378:. 19 September 2007. Archived from 9342:"Journalists fined over Islam joke" 9163:Mineeia, Zainab (21 October 2008). 8958:"Al-Azhar confiscates publications" 8264:Djavadi, Abbas (28 February 2009). 8231:Boyle, Kevin; Juliet Sheen (1997). 7975:"Egypt bans 'blasphemous' magazine" 7236:Tiwari, Mrigank (1 December 2015). 7122: 6521:"Rätten att förlöjliga en religion" 6512: 6103: 5466:Anthony, Augustine (2 March 2011). 5433: 5277:Hussain, Waqar (11 November 2010). 5270: 5074: 4560:: Islamic Book Trust. p. 250. 4507: 4056:Oriens, Vol. 32. (1990), pp. 65–71. 4000:Muslim Preacher in the Modern World 3860:. Fordham University Press (2008). 3612: 3485:Wiederhold, Lutz (1 January 1997). 3052:demonstrations and violent protests 2901:, two masked gunmen opened fire on 2394:Protests against depicting Muhammad 2389:Notable international controversies 2148:, receiving a sentence of death by 1672:In Islamic jurisprudence, Kitab al 1148:, the laws pertaining to blasphemy 13: 9529: 9001:Abdoun, Safaa (11 December 2008). 8508:"Criminalizing Criticism of Islam" 8295:MacFarquhar, Neil (24 June 2007). 8116:"Pakistan bans Da Vinci Code film" 7627:"Behind Video, a Web of Questions" 7333:Bhatia, Ishita (4 December 2015). 6546:"The right to ridicule a religion" 6492:Leveque, Thierry (22 March 2007). 6461:Leveque, Thierry (22 March 2007). 5876:McKernan, Bethan (27 April 2017). 5750: 5674:Joseph Goldstein (29 March 2015). 5006:. Simon and Schuster. p. 26. 4770:. 21 November 2012. Archived from 4110:Mazhar, Arafat (2 November 2015). 3203:saying Islam is an Arab religion; 3185:Sudanese teddy bear blasphemy case 2062:Sudanese teddy bear blasphemy case 2056:Sudanese teddy bear blasphemy case 1922:Organisation of Islamic Conference 14: 11082: 9403:"Cartoonist jailed in Bangladesh" 9186:Wiseman, Paul (31 January 2008). 9058:Alrawi, Karim (31 January 1992). 8884:. Foreign Affairs. Archived from 7701:Murphy, Dan (12 September 2012). 7682:Lovett, Ian (15 September 2012). 6982:Ward, Victoria (7 January 2015). 6928:Bennet, Dashiell (1 March 2013). 6878:Taylor, Jerome (2 January 2013). 6838:Anaëlle Grondin (7 January 2015) 6201:Koranen og profeten Muhammeds liv 6087:. 6 February 2008. Archived from 5478:from the original on 5 March 2011 5355:from the original on 5 March 2011 5181:Teddy row teacher freed from jail 4689:. 6 November 2014. Archived from 3133:Blasphemy against holy personages 2889:Al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula 2880:announced that they would make a 2649:Koranen og profeten Muhammeds liv 2313:Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan 11035: 11034: 11023: 10554:Schools of islamic jurisprudence 9802:Timeline of the history of Islam 9633: 9503: 9490: 9472: 9446: 9420: 9394: 9360: 9334: 9308: 9272: 9246: 9224: 9202: 9179: 9156: 9104: 9051: 9025: 8994: 8976: 8900: 8847: 8824: 8782:Adams, Brad (19 November 2007). 8775: 8686: 8664: 8597: 8574: 8526: 8451: 8425: 8399: 8340: 8314: 8288: 8257: 8178: 8152: 8130: 8108: 8086: 8048:. U.S. Department of State. 2008 8012: 7989: 7967: 7947: 7934: 7925: 7911: 7893: 7867: 7841: 7815: 7803: 7784: 7772: 7746: 7720: 7694: 7564: 7535: 7532:, India Today (October 23, 2019) 7523: 7511: 7477:, India Today (October 19, 2019) 7468: 7442: 7416: 7390: 7364: 7300: 7274: 7271:, India Today (October 18, 2019) 7229: 7203: 7169:, India Today (October 19, 2019) 7160: 7157:, India Today (October 18, 2019) 7148: 7094: 7073:Willsher, Kim (7 January 2015). 7019:Cormack, Lucy (8 January 2015). 7012: 6994: 6975: 6952: 6921: 6899: 6871: 6853: 6832: 6813: 6780: 6758: 6737: 6721:. 30 August 2007. Archived from 6612:. 30 August 2007. Archived from 6582:. 27 August 2007. Archived from 6544:Ströman, Lars (28 August 2007). 6519:Ströman, Lars (18 August 2007). 6424: 6392:Vries, Lloyd (2 February 2006). 6385: 6370: 6337: 6324: 6260:"Why I Published Those Cartoons" 6188: 6151: 6145:Bibliothèque nationale de France 6129: 6073: 6061: 6045: 5924: 5898: 5869: 5833: 5815: 5773: 5379:Guerin, Orla (6 December 2010). 5311:; Sahi, Aoun (9 November 2010). 5064:. C. Hurst & Co. p. 60. 3247:insulting religious scholarship. 2789:A depiction of Muhammad for the 2333: 2100: 1787: 1106:, or maintaining God had a son. 58: 10895:List of ex-Muslim organisations 9460:. Welt Online. 22 November 2008 9368:"BANGLADESH: Cartoon incident, 7281:Rana, Uday (11 December 2015). 6394:"Cartoon Inflames Muslim World" 6299:Current Themes in IMER Research 6110:Cohen, Noam (5 February 2008). 5846:Solidarity Party of Afghanistan 5598: 5580: 5561: 5490: 5337: 5190: 5174: 5151: 5129: 5097: 5000:Miller, Judith (19 July 2011). 4944:. Southwold: The Orwell Press. 4929: 4864: 4834: 4806: 4797: 4788: 4778: 4756: 4659: 4583: 4574: 4540: 4528: 4501: 4449: 4365: 4356: 4344: 4288: 4265: 4251: 4237: 4214: 4198: 4182: 4173: 4170:, Accessed on: 10 January 2015) 4145: 4131: 4122: 4103: 4085: 4076: 4059: 4017: 3992: 3971: 3903: 3897: 3850: 3823:International Studies Quarterly 3797: 3757: 3651:"Blasphemy against the Prophet" 3595:"Blasphemy against the Prophet" 3023:in July 2012, under the titles 2695:(or Muhammad cartoons crisis) ( 2311:was a Pakistani student at the 2052:in which the cartoon appeared. 1126: 587:(unlawful warfare and banditry) 9547:. October 2011. Archived from 9138:"To: Government of Bangladesh" 8956:Zenati, Hassen (5 June 2004). 8321:Fathi, Nazila (29 June 2004). 8235:Freedom of Religion and Belief 8185:Soage, Ana Belén (June 2007). 7520:, The Hindu (October 18, 2019) 6236:(in Danish). 17 September 2005 4428:"Blasphemy: Islamic Concept". 4228:, related to Hanbali school), 4152:Qadi 'Iyad ibn Musa al-Yahsubi 4024:restart". See Akyol, Mustafa, 4002:. Princeton University Press. 3700: 3446: 3095:was accused of blasphemy by 2750:In France, satirical magazine 2146:blasphemy by a Pakistani court 2110:Christian minorities minister 1531: 1371:According to several hadiths, 1121:, which are another source of 1: 9066:. New Statesman & Society 8693:Bearak, Barry (12 May 2001). 8604:Walsh, Declan (31 May 2010). 8581:Khouri, Malek (Spring 2006). 8297:"Iran Cracks Down on Dissent" 8191:Volume 11, No. 2, Article 3/8 7707:The Christian Science Monitor 5757:Moore, Jack (23 March 2015). 3439: 3344:Blasphemy law in Saudi Arabia 3167:Visual depictions of Muhammad 2868:as guest-editor. The editor, 2832:for broadcast acceptability. 2693:Muhammad cartoons controversy 2271:women's rights in Afghanistan 2237:Murder of Farkhunda Malikzada 2231:Murder of Farkhunda Malikzada 2141: 2027:Imprisonment of Arifur Rahman 1819:According to Islamic sources 10880:Apostasy in Islam by country 10757:Liberalism and progressivism 6330:Politiken 12. Februar 2006 " 4734:Hashim, Asad (17 May 2014). 4667:Muslim Theologian's Response 4459:. The News. 12 February 2010 3299:Blasphemy law in Afghanistan 3211:is full of lies (Indonesia). 2473:The Muhammad cartoons crisis 2215:Imprisonment of Fatima Naoot 1961:A Brief History of Blasphemy 1873:1989 demonstration against " 1865:In the 20th and 21st century 1747: Fines and restrictions 7: 11071:Islam-related controversies 9167:. IPS (Inter Press Service) 8854:Patung (27 February 2006). 8674:. CNN.com. 26 November 2007 8461:. CNN.com. 19 February 2006 8443:on 23 May 2010 – via 7957:, Oxford University Press, 7942:Blasphemy – Islamic Concept 6344:Henkel, Heiko (Fall 2010). 5957:"Ahok Jailed for Two Years" 4313:Journal of Qur'anic Studies 3543:. Oxford University Press. 3418:International Blasphemy Day 3309:Blasphemy law in Bangladesh 3276: 3158:member of Muhammad's family 3082: 2953:Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh 2846:Everybody Draw Mohammed Day 2791:Everybody Draw Mohammed Day 2574:2010 Copenhagen terror plot 2464:. Jeremy Henzell-Thomas of 2140:woman, Aasiya Noreen (born 1973:Assassination of Farag Foda 1939:for his 1988 book entitled 1495: 1489: 1483: 1246: 1240: 1234: 1226: 1220: 1214: 1208: 1202: 1196: 1190: 1184: 1178: 10: 11087: 10807: 8925:Murphy, Kim (7 May 1990). 8856:"Abdul Rahman, Blasphemer" 8645:. May 2009. Archived from 7953:Marshall and Shea (2011), 7940:CW Ernst, in Eliade (Ed), 7108:Columbia Journalism Review 4911:"Blasphemy Salman Rushdie" 4715:. Dawn.com. 18 August 2013 4322:Edinburgh University Press 3998:Richard T. Antoun (2014). 3858:Religion: Beyond a Concept 3492:Journal of Semitic Studies 3319:Blasphemy law in Indonesia 3173:or other Prophets (Egypt). 2322: 2301: 2280: 2234: 2202:Minority Affairs Minister 2124:blasphemy laws in Pakistan 2089: 2059: 2030: 1976: 1774: 1763: 1714: 1257: 11018: 10903: 10870: 10820: 10816: 10802: 10729: 10696: 10668:Geography and cartography 10643: 10590: 10586: 10570: 10396: 10318: 10265: 10214: 10210: 10186: 10056: 9938: 9898: 9781: 9733: 9657: 9653: 9642: 8880:(January–February 2004). 8381:AI Index: ASA 33/008/1994 8211:: CS1 maint: unfit URL ( 7812:retrieved 1 October 2012 7793:retrieved 1 October 2012 7781:retrieved 1 October 2012 7371:Preeti (5 January 2016). 6639:. Reuters. Archived from 5985:. en.tempo.co. 9 May 2017 5734:. Reuters. Archived from 5027:de Baets, Antoon (2002). 4936:Webster, Richard (1990). 4826:: CS1 maint: unfit URL ( 4372:Schirrmacher, C. (2008). 3887:University of Texas Press 3334:Blasphemy law in Malaysia 3272:Blasphemy against mosques 3207:are unnecessary; and the 3200:finding fault with Islam. 3169:or any other Prophet, or 3025:The Real Life of Muhammad 2964:-led state government in 2884:on the life of Muhammad. 2864:and satirically featured 2835:In April 2010, animators 2719:, editor-in-chief at the 2440:. The Turkish TV-station 1908:, the former governor of 1642:made the offense part of 1537:Traditional jurisprudence 1460:ordered the execution of 1366: 1127:punishments for blasphemy 10977:Islamic view of miracles 8927:"A Matter of Censorship" 8831:Patung (11 April 2007). 6412:"Explaining the outrage" 5627:The Killing of Farkhunda 5321:. London. Archived from 4645:Macmillan. p. 252. 4430:Encyclopedia of Religion 3835:60.2 (1991), pp. 185–96; 3457:. Routledge. p. 3. 3304:Blasphemy law in Algeria 3250:wearing the clothing of 3205:prayers five times a day 3017:Nakoula Basseley Nakoula 2771:depicting Muhammad as a 2258:Shah-Do Shamshira Mosque 2134:Asia Bibi blasphemy case 2092:Asia Bibi blasphemy case 2086:Asia Bibi blasphemy case 1780:Early and medieval Islam 1741: Local restrictions 1339:are no longer applicable 1253: 1139:schools of jurisprudence 608:("spreading corruption") 10742:Creationism (evolution) 7653:"The Art of Defamation" 7631:The Wall Street Journal 4548:Husayn Haykal, Muhammad 4330:10.3366/jqs.2001.3.2.63 3924:"Commentaries for 5:33" 3881:Burney Abbas, Shemeem. 3773:Oxford University Press 3453:Avery, Kenneth (2004). 3329:Blasphemy law in Jordan 3218:or disbelieving in the 3154:mentioned in the Qur'an 2762:French hate speech laws 2735:, but foreign minister 2589:2015 Copenhagen attacks 2570:2010 Norway terror plot 2515:International reactions 2414:which raised objections 1990:, second from the right 1188:(abuse, vilification), 10992:Persecution of Muslims 10890:List of former Muslims 9807:Succession to Muhammad 8536:. Reuters. 1 July 2008 7797:4 October 2012 at the 5803:. BBC News. 2 May 2015 5573:6 January 2015 at the 5169:: BBC, 2 December 2007 4881:. 2012. Archived from 4508:Fox, Jonathan (2015). 4401:Saeed & Saeed 2004 4162:, (Review Contents in 4038:Saeed & Saeed 2004 3977:Brian Winston (2014). 3793:. Infobase Publishing. 3695:Saeed & Saeed 2004 3680:Saeed & Saeed 2004 3354:Blasphemy law in Yemen 3314:Blasphemy law in Egypt 3138:speaking ill of Allah. 3110: 3029:Muhammad Movie Trailer 2947:, a politician of the 2797: 2747: 2585:Lars Vilks controversy 2438:depictions of Muhammad 2415: 2412:depictions of Muhammad 2362:Basuki Tjahaja Purnama 2360:In 2017 in Indonesia, 2344:Basuki Tjahaja Purnama 2325:Basuki Tjahaja Purnama 2177:and Muslim politician 2114:and Muslim politician 2041:depicted in the daily 1999:al-Gama'a al-Islamiyya 1991: 1952:British blasphemy laws 1885: 1761: 1753: Prison sentences 1712: 1670: 1529: 1454: 1434: 1360: 1324: 1298: 30: 11061:Islamic jurisprudence 10786:Conversion to mosques 10653:Alchemy and chemistry 8411:"The Man in the Moon" 8239:. Routledge. p. 7657:The Cornell Daily Sun 6542:English translation: 4979:Amnesty International 4848:. 19 September 2012. 3791:Encyclopedia of Islam 3570:Lorenz Langer (2014) 3505:10.1093/jss/XLII.1.39 3428:Religious supremacism 3408:Freedom From Religion 3398:Criticism of religion 3369:Utaybah bin Abu Lahab 3339:Blasphemy in Pakistan 3324:Blasphemy law in Iran 3090: 2977:National Security Act 2912:did not re-print the 2788: 2745: 2401: 1986: 1872: 1825:Rustam and Isfandiyar 1759: Death sentences 1736: 1691: 1684:Blasphemy as apostasy 1655: 1501: 1435: 1381: 1347: 1310: 1278: 1258:Further information: 1166:freedom of expression 46:Islamic jurisprudence 24: 10512:Ma malakat aymanukum 10087:Association football 9260:on 29 September 2012 8878:Doran, Michael Scott 8833:"Islam is for Arabs" 8786:. Human Rights Watch 8437:Agence France-Presse 8409:(10 February 2002). 7663:on 19 September 2012 6693:Agence France-Presse 6643:on 14 September 2007 6580:Agence France-Presse 6377:Jensen, Tim (2006). 6258:(19 February 2006). 5963:on 22 September 2017 5761:. Newsweek. Newsweek 5592:english.ahram.org.eg 5283:Agence France-Presse 5216:(19 November 2010). 5107:(30 November 2007). 4888:on 15 September 2013 4879:humanrightsfirst.org 4553:The Life of Muhammad 4168:Excerpts from Part 4 3833:The American Scholar 3752:(4). pp. 16–26. 3179:naming a teddy bear 3171:films about Muhammad 3008:Innocence of Muslims 3002:Innocence of Muslims 2981:Allahabad High Court 2958:Uttar Pradesh Police 2943:On 2 December 2015, 2870:Stéphane Charbonnier 2851:On 2 November 2011, 2822:Cartoon Wars Part II 2539:Islamisk Trossamfund 2507:Akkari-Laban dossier 2503:Cartoon descriptions 2495:Events and reactions 2304:Death of Mashal Khan 2298:Death of Mashal Khan 1553:) of Sunni and Shia 1398:Muhammad bin Maslama 1393:Muhammad bin Maslama 1389:Muhammad bin Maslama 1129:, which may include 9486:. 22 November 2008. 9118:on 22 November 2008 9064:v.5, no. 187, p. 27 9013:on 26 December 2008 8964:on 19 November 2007 8912:www.thefileroom.org 8882:"The Saudi Paradox" 8858:. Indonesia Matters 8835:. Indonesia Matters 8737:on 28 December 2008 8421:on 10 January 2010. 8096:. BBC. 20 July 2010 7977:. BBC. 8 April 2009 7829:. 23 September 2012 7734:. 21 September 2012 6940:on 17 November 2015 6616:on 4 September 2007 6531:on 6 September 2007 6264:The Washington Post 6218:on 18 January 2015. 5853:. 23 October 2015. 5738:on 31 December 2015 5538:BBC News South Asia 5325:on 11 November 2010 5318:The Daily Telegraph 5254:. 5 December 2010. 5078:(8 December 2007). 4390:on 2 December 2013. 3720:on 19 February 2015 3141:finding fault with 3068:Internet censorship 3060:Bashir Ahmad Bilour 2936:, for his views on 2920:Kamlesh Tiwari case 2667:, an editor at the 2466:The American Muslim 2242:Farkhunda Malikzada 2138:Pakistani Christian 2013:apostate from Islam 2009:Al-Azhar University 1890:Islamic revivalists 1704:in the presence of 1280:And do not insult ( 10997:Quran and miracles 10911:Criticism of Islam 10625:Geometric patterns 10477:Gender segregation 10048:Non-denominational 9588:. pp. 38–39. 9586:Ashgate Publishing 9545:Human Rights First 9519:The New York Times 9433:The New York Times 9382:on 20 January 2008 9322:on 19 January 2016 8937:on 13 October 2012 8888:on 4 December 2005 8725:(September 2001). 8514:on 9 February 2013 8407:Cowasjee, Ardeshir 8352:The New York Times 8327:The New York Times 8301:The New York Times 7921:. 20 October 2007. 7907:. 6 February 2023. 7688:The New York Times 7498:The Times of India 7430:. 12 December 2015 7402:The Indian Express 7339:The Times of India 7314:. 12 December 2015 7287:The Times of India 7242:The Times of India 7191:. 12 December 2015 7135:The Times of India 7043:L'essentiel Online 7008:. 2 November 2011. 6868:. 3 November 2011. 6746:Super Best Friends 6725:on 12 October 2007 6695:. 3 September 2007 6420:. 8 February 2006. 6160:, 10 February 2008 6091:on 19 October 2012 5680:The New York Times 5528:Aleem Maqbool and 5139:. 29 November 2007 4308:O'Sullivan, Declan 3889:. pp. 39–40. 3742:. 10, pp. 357–73. 3111: 3097:Ayatollah Khomeini 2808:Super Best Friends 2798: 2748: 2678:criticism of Islam 2511:Newspaper reprints 2416: 2244:was a 27-year-old 1992: 1942:The Satanic Verses 1888:In recent decades 1886: 1875:The Satanic Verses 1821:Nadr ibn al-Harith 1799:. You can help by 1762: 1713: 1702:Nadr ibn al-Harith 1496:anna damah hadarun 1462:Ka'b ibn al-Ashraf 1385:Ka'b ibn al-Ashraf 1377:Ka'b ibn al-Ashraf 1335:demise of Muhammad 1260:Quran and violence 699:Gender segregation 262:Islamic leadership 31: 11048: 11047: 11014: 11013: 11010: 11009: 10982:Domestic violence 10972:Islamic terrorism 10967:Islamic extremism 10798: 10797: 10794: 10793: 10566: 10565: 10562: 10561: 10352:Marriage contract 10182: 10181: 10142:Political aspects 9929:Story of Prophets 9698:Prophets of Islam 9595:978-0-7546-3083-8 9584:. Burlington VT: 9511:Nir, Sarah Maslin 9348:. 15 January 2007 9092:on 6 January 2009 9060:"Egypt's Rushdie" 8931:Los Angeles Times 8270:Iran & Beyond 7881:. 21 January 2023 7456:. 18 October 2019 7404:. 18 October 2019 7045:. 7 January 2015. 6959:Urquhart, Conal. 6717:(Press release). 6608:(Press release). 6586:on 29 August 2007 6556:on 30 August 2007 6550:Nerikes Allehanda 6525:Nerikes Allehanda 6211:978-87-638-0049-5 6137:Wikimedia Commons 6058:, 7 February 2000 6052:Terror am Telefon 5557:. 6 January 2011. 5187:, 3 December 2007 5185:BBC World Service 5105:Stratton, Allegra 4917:on 18 August 2009 4612:978-1-86179-769-8 4567:978-983-9154-17-7 4040:, pp. 37–39. 3964:978-0-7546-3083-8 3682:, pp. 38–39. 3550:978-0-19-086770-6 3413:Freedom of speech 3359:Islamic extremism 3289:Apostasy in Islam 3156:, or slighting a 3064:freedom of speech 2924:In October 2019, 2899:On 7 January 2015 2778:Nerikes Allehanda 2629: 2628: 2593:Freedom of speech 2529:Principal parties 2485:Muhammad cartoons 2450:English Knowledge 2290:from the town of 2262:burning the Quran 2170:Pope Benedict XVI 2122:and opposing the 2015:, advocating the 1954:. As a response, 1933:religious offense 1848:summary execution 1817: 1816: 1729:Modern state laws 1717:Apostasy in Islam 1172:Islamic scripture 1135:treasonous crimes 1088: 1087: 1002: 1001: 860: 859: 674: 673: 527: 526: 452: 451: 245: 244: 11078: 11038: 11037: 11030:Islam portal 11028: 11027: 11026: 10818: 10817: 10810: 10804: 10803: 10645:Medieval science 10588: 10587: 10578: 10572: 10571: 10229:Economic history 10212: 10211: 10188: 10187: 10174:Islam by country 10007:Bektashi Alevism 9655: 9654: 9646:Outline of Islam 9628: 9621: 9614: 9605: 9604: 9599: 9567: 9561: 9559: 9554:on 16 April 2021 9553: 9542: 9523: 9522: 9513:(8 April 2012). 9507: 9501: 9494: 9488: 9487: 9476: 9470: 9469: 9467: 9465: 9450: 9444: 9443: 9441: 9439: 9424: 9418: 9417: 9415: 9413: 9398: 9392: 9391: 9389: 9387: 9364: 9358: 9357: 9355: 9353: 9338: 9332: 9331: 9329: 9327: 9312: 9306: 9305: 9303: 9301: 9295: 9284: 9276: 9270: 9269: 9267: 9265: 9250: 9244: 9243: 9241: 9239: 9228: 9222: 9221: 9219: 9217: 9206: 9200: 9199: 9197: 9195: 9183: 9177: 9176: 9174: 9172: 9160: 9154: 9153: 9151: 9149: 9134: 9128: 9127: 9125: 9123: 9108: 9102: 9101: 9099: 9097: 9082: 9076: 9075: 9073: 9071: 9055: 9049: 9048: 9046: 9044: 9029: 9023: 9022: 9020: 9018: 9009:. Archived from 9007:Daily News Egypt 8998: 8992: 8991: 8980: 8974: 8973: 8971: 8969: 8953: 8947: 8946: 8944: 8942: 8933:. Archived from 8922: 8916: 8915: 8904: 8898: 8897: 8895: 8893: 8874: 8868: 8867: 8865: 8863: 8851: 8845: 8844: 8842: 8840: 8828: 8822: 8821: 8819: 8817: 8802: 8796: 8795: 8793: 8791: 8779: 8773: 8772: 8770: 8768: 8763:on 4 August 2004 8753: 8747: 8746: 8744: 8742: 8733:. Archived from 8719: 8713: 8712: 8710: 8708: 8690: 8684: 8683: 8681: 8679: 8668: 8662: 8661: 8659: 8657: 8651: 8636: 8628: 8622: 8621: 8619: 8617: 8601: 8595: 8594: 8592: 8590: 8578: 8572: 8571: 8569: 8567: 8552: 8546: 8545: 8543: 8541: 8530: 8524: 8523: 8521: 8519: 8503: 8497: 8496: 8494: 8492: 8477: 8471: 8470: 8468: 8466: 8455: 8449: 8448: 8439:. Archived from 8429: 8423: 8422: 8417:. Archived from 8403: 8397: 8396: 8394: 8392: 8373: 8364: 8363: 8361: 8359: 8344: 8338: 8337: 8335: 8333: 8318: 8312: 8311: 8309: 8307: 8292: 8286: 8285: 8283: 8281: 8276:on 13 March 2009 8272:. 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Archived from 6925: 6919: 6918: 6916: 6914: 6909:. 8 January 2015 6903: 6897: 6896: 6894: 6892: 6875: 6869: 6864: 6857: 6851: 6844: 6836: 6830: 6829: 6817: 6811: 6810: 6808: 6806: 6784: 6778: 6777: 6775: 6773: 6762: 6756: 6755: 6741: 6735: 6734: 6732: 6730: 6711: 6705: 6704: 6702: 6700: 6685: 6679: 6678: 6676: 6674: 6659: 6653: 6652: 6650: 6648: 6632: 6626: 6625: 6623: 6621: 6602: 6596: 6595: 6593: 6591: 6572: 6566: 6565: 6563: 6561: 6552:. Archived from 6540: 6538: 6536: 6527:. Archived from 6516: 6510: 6509: 6507: 6505: 6489: 6483: 6482: 6480: 6478: 6458: 6452: 6451: 6449: 6447: 6442:on 22 March 2006 6438:. Archived from 6436:Reuters AlertNet 6428: 6422: 6421: 6408: 6402: 6401: 6389: 6383: 6382: 6374: 6368: 6367: 6365: 6363: 6350: 6341: 6335: 6328: 6322: 6321: 6319: 6317: 6296: 6284: 6275: 6274: 6272: 6270: 6252: 6246: 6245: 6243: 6241: 6226: 6220: 6219: 6214:. 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September 1998 4967: 4956: 4955: 4943: 4933: 4927: 4926: 4924: 4922: 4907: 4898: 4897: 4895: 4893: 4887: 4876: 4868: 4862: 4861: 4859: 4857: 4838: 4832: 4831: 4825: 4817: 4810: 4804: 4801: 4795: 4792: 4786: 4782: 4776: 4775: 4760: 4754: 4753: 4748: 4746: 4731: 4725: 4724: 4722: 4720: 4709: 4703: 4702: 4700: 4698: 4679: 4670: 4663: 4657: 4656: 4633: 4624: 4623: 4621: 4619: 4596: 4590: 4587: 4581: 4578: 4572: 4571: 4544: 4538: 4532: 4526: 4525: 4505: 4499: 4498: 4478: 4469: 4468: 4466: 4464: 4453: 4447: 4440: 4434: 4433: 4425: 4404: 4398: 4392: 4391: 4389: 4383:. 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Archived from 3712: 3704: 3698: 3697:, pp. 38–9. 3692: 3683: 3677: 3666: 3647: 3610: 3591: 3582: 3568: 3562: 3561: 3559: 3557: 3529: 3516: 3515: 3513: 3511: 3482: 3469: 3468: 3450: 3364:Mansur Al-Hallaj 2907: 2756:republished the 2713:Muslim countries 2686:Kurt Westergaard 2669:Danish newspaper 2621: 2614: 2607: 2547:Muslim community 2477: 2476: 2370:Thousand Islands 2337: 2193:Rasul Baksh Rais 2143: 2104: 1812: 1809: 1791: 1784: 1758: 1752: 1746: 1740: 1692:A painting from 1668: 1626:Sahih al-Bukhari 1616:Sahih al-Bukhari 1527: 1520:Sunan Abu Dawood 1510:Sunan Abu Dawood 1498: 1492: 1486: 1452: 1432: 1417:Sahih al-Bukhari 1407:Sahih al-Bukhari 1358: 1322: 1296: 1249: 1243: 1237: 1231: 1223: 1217: 1211: 1205: 1199: 1193: 1187: 1181: 1080: 1073: 1066: 1043:Prisoners of war 1038: 996: 991:Comparison with 875: 874: 740: 739: 667: 656: 645: 628: 618: 609: 599: 588: 577: 566: 542: 541: 454: 453: 331: 330: 290:Wilayat al-faqih 276:Majlis-ash-Shura 75: 74: 62: 33: 32: 27:Mansur Al-Hallaj 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8136: 8135: 8131: 8121: 8119: 8114: 8113: 8109: 8099: 8097: 8092: 8091: 8087: 8077: 8075: 8074:on 30 June 2012 8066: 8065: 8061: 8051: 8049: 8044: 8043: 8036: 8026: 8024: 8017: 8013: 8003: 8001: 7994: 7990: 7980: 7978: 7973: 7972: 7968: 7952: 7948: 7939: 7935: 7930: 7926: 7917: 7916: 7912: 7899: 7898: 7894: 7884: 7882: 7873: 7872: 7868: 7858: 7856: 7846: 7842: 7832: 7830: 7821: 7820: 7816: 7808: 7804: 7799:Wayback Machine 7789: 7785: 7777: 7773: 7763: 7761: 7752: 7751: 7747: 7737: 7735: 7726: 7725: 7721: 7711: 7709: 7699: 7695: 7680: 7676: 7666: 7664: 7649: 7645: 7635: 7633: 7623: 7619: 7604: 7600: 7587: 7585: 7584:on 11 June 2014 7581: 7574: 7570: 7569: 7565: 7552: 7550: 7541: 7540: 7536: 7528: 7524: 7516: 7512: 7502: 7500: 7490: 7481: 7473: 7469: 7459: 7457: 7448: 7447: 7443: 7433: 7431: 7422: 7421: 7417: 7407: 7405: 7396: 7395: 7391: 7381: 7379: 7369: 7365: 7357: 7353: 7343: 7341: 7331: 7327: 7317: 7315: 7306: 7305: 7301: 7291: 7289: 7279: 7275: 7267: 7256: 7246: 7244: 7234: 7230: 7220: 7218: 7215:Hindustan Times 7209: 7208: 7204: 7194: 7192: 7183: 7182: 7173: 7165: 7161: 7153: 7149: 7139: 7137: 7127: 7123: 7113: 7111: 7099: 7095: 7085: 7083: 7071: 7067: 7054: 7050: 7037: 7036: 7032: 7017: 7013: 7000: 6999: 6995: 6980: 6976: 6957: 6953: 6943: 6941: 6926: 6922: 6912: 6910: 6905: 6904: 6900: 6890: 6888: 6885:The Independent 6876: 6872: 6862: 6858: 6854: 6842: 6837: 6833: 6818: 6814: 6804: 6802: 6792:Washington Post 6786: 6785: 6781: 6771: 6769: 6764: 6763: 6759: 6743: 6742: 6738: 6728: 6726: 6713: 6712: 6708: 6698: 6696: 6687: 6686: 6682: 6672: 6670: 6660: 6656: 6646: 6644: 6633: 6629: 6619: 6617: 6604: 6603: 6599: 6589: 6587: 6574: 6573: 6569: 6559: 6557: 6541: 6534: 6532: 6517: 6513: 6503: 6501: 6490: 6486: 6476: 6474: 6459: 6455: 6445: 6443: 6430: 6429: 6425: 6417:Chicago Tribune 6410: 6409: 6405: 6390: 6386: 6381:. pp. 5–7. 6375: 6371: 6361: 6359: 6348: 6342: 6338: 6329: 6325: 6315: 6313: 6294: 6285: 6278: 6268: 6266: 6253: 6249: 6239: 6237: 6228: 6227: 6223: 6212: 6193: 6189: 6182: 6168: 6164: 6156: 6152: 6134: 6130: 6120: 6118: 6108: 6104: 6094: 6092: 6079: 6078: 6074: 6068:Spiegel Special 6066: 6062: 6050: 6046: 6036: 6034: 6029: 6028: 6024: 6014: 6012: 6003: 6002: 5998: 5988: 5986: 5981: 5980: 5976: 5966: 5964: 5955: 5954: 5950: 5940: 5938: 5930: 5929: 5925: 5915: 5913: 5912:. 14 April 2017 5904: 5903: 5899: 5889: 5887: 5883:The Independent 5874: 5870: 5860: 5858: 5839: 5838: 5834: 5821: 5820: 5816: 5806: 5804: 5799: 5798: 5794: 5779: 5778: 5774: 5764: 5762: 5755: 5751: 5741: 5739: 5724: 5720: 5710: 5708: 5707:. 23 March 2015 5699: 5698: 5694: 5684: 5682: 5672: 5668: 5658: 5656: 5646: 5639: 5624: 5623: 5619: 5614:. 2 April 2015. 5604: 5603: 5599: 5586: 5585: 5581: 5575:Wayback Machine 5566: 5562: 5549: 5548: 5544: 5527: 5523: 5508: 5504: 5495: 5491: 5481: 5479: 5464: 5460: 5450: 5448: 5445:The Independent 5439: 5438: 5434: 5424: 5422: 5410: 5406: 5396: 5394: 5377: 5368: 5358: 5356: 5343: 5342: 5338: 5328: 5326: 5306: 5302: 5292: 5290: 5275: 5271: 5261: 5259: 5244: 5243: 5239: 5229: 5227: 5211: 5207: 5195: 5191: 5179: 5175: 5157: 5156: 5152: 5142: 5140: 5135: 5134: 5130: 5120: 5118: 5102: 5098: 5088: 5086: 5073: 5069: 5055: 5051: 5041: 5025: 5021: 5014: 4998: 4994: 4984: 4982: 4969: 4968: 4959: 4952: 4934: 4930: 4920: 4918: 4909: 4908: 4901: 4891: 4889: 4885: 4874: 4870: 4869: 4865: 4855: 4853: 4840: 4839: 4835: 4819: 4818: 4812: 4811: 4807: 4802: 4798: 4793: 4789: 4783: 4779: 4762: 4761: 4757: 4744: 4742: 4732: 4728: 4718: 4716: 4711: 4710: 4706: 4696: 4694: 4693:on 5 April 2019 4681: 4680: 4673: 4664: 4660: 4653: 4634: 4627: 4617: 4615: 4613: 4597: 4593: 4588: 4584: 4579: 4575: 4568: 4545: 4541: 4533: 4529: 4522: 4506: 4502: 4495: 4479: 4472: 4462: 4460: 4455: 4454: 4450: 4441: 4437: 4427: 4426: 4407: 4399: 4395: 4387: 4376: 4370: 4366: 4361: 4357: 4349: 4345: 4305: 4298: 4293: 4289: 4270: 4266: 4257: 4256: 4252: 4242: 4238: 4219: 4215: 4203: 4199: 4187: 4183: 4178: 4174: 4150: 4146: 4136: 4132: 4127: 4123: 4108: 4104: 4090: 4086: 4081: 4077: 4064: 4060: 4051: 4044: 4036: 4032: 4022: 4018: 3997: 3993: 3976: 3972: 3965: 3951: 3942: 3932: 3930: 3922: 3908: 3904: 3898: 3879: 3872: 3855: 3851: 3845:(1). pp. 47–71. 3840:Iranian Studies 3828:(1). pp. 23–24; 3802: 3798: 3787: 3780: 3762: 3758: 3737: 3733: 3723: 3721: 3717: 3710: 3706: 3705: 3701: 3693: 3686: 3678: 3669: 3648: 3613: 3592: 3585: 3569: 3565: 3555: 3553: 3551: 3533:McAuliffe, Jane 3530: 3519: 3509: 3507: 3483: 3472: 3465: 3451: 3447: 3442: 3437: 3423:Parody religion 3373: 3279: 3274: 3197: 3135: 3085: 3076: 3041:post-production 3004: 2979:was revoked by 2962:Samajwadi Party 2949:Samajwadi Party 2922: 2910:Jyllands-Posten 2905: 2830:double standard 2758:Jyllands-Posten 2737:Laila Freivalds 2733:Jyllands-Posten 2721:Jyllands-Posten 2691:Jyllands-Posten 2682:Jyllands-Posten 2673:Jyllands-Posten 2625: 2596: 2595: 2591: 2587: 2583: 2576: 2572: 2568: 2563: 2555: 2554: 2550: 2541: 2537: 2534:Jyllands-Posten 2530: 2522: 2521: 2517: 2513: 2509: 2505: 2501: 2496: 2486: 2484: 2482:Jyllands-Posten 2475: 2396: 2391: 2382:later convicted 2358: 2357: 2356: 2355: 2340: 2339: 2338: 2327: 2321: 2306: 2300: 2288:Ahmad Al Shamri 2285: 2283:Ahmad Al Shamri 2279: 2239: 2233: 2217: 2197:liberal Muslims 2155:Islamic Prophet 2130: 2129: 2128: 2127: 2107: 2106: 2105: 2094: 2088: 2068:Gillian Gibbons 2064: 2058: 2035: 2029: 1981: 1975: 1970: 1956:Richard Webster 1867: 1850:was required". 1813: 1807: 1804: 1797:needs expansion 1782: 1777: 1768: 1760: 1756: 1754: 1750: 1748: 1744: 1742: 1738: 1731: 1719: 1686: 1669: 1666: 1638:, stating that 1539: 1534: 1528: 1507: 1470:Battle of Ahzab 1453: 1442: 1433: 1404: 1369: 1359: 1353: 1323: 1317: 1297: 1292: 1262: 1256: 1174: 1150:vary by country 1084: 1054:Islamic studies 1048: 1047: 1036: 1014: 1004: 1003: 989: 986: 954: 872: 862: 861: 849: 797: 737: 727: 726: 725: 686: 676: 675: 665: 654: 644:(discretionary) 643: 626: 616: 607: 604:Mofsed-e-filarz 597: 586: 575: 564: 539: 529: 528: 523: 436: 388: 356: 328: 318: 317: 316: 257: 247: 246: 241: 149: 148: 120: 72: 47: 17: 12: 11: 5: 11084: 11074: 11073: 11068: 11063: 11046: 11045: 11043: 11042: 11032: 11019: 11016: 11015: 11012: 11011: 11008: 11007: 11005: 11004: 10999: 10994: 10989: 10984: 10979: 10974: 10969: 10964: 10963: 10962: 10952: 10951: 10950: 10945: 10940: 10930: 10925: 10924: 10923: 10918: 10907: 10905: 10904:Related topics 10901: 10900: 10898: 10897: 10892: 10887: 10882: 10876: 10874: 10868: 10867: 10865: 10864: 10859: 10854: 10849: 10844: 10843: 10842: 10837: 10826: 10824: 10814: 10813: 10800: 10799: 10796: 10795: 10792: 10791: 10789: 10788: 10783: 10776: 10771: 10770: 10769: 10759: 10754: 10749: 10744: 10739: 10733: 10731: 10727: 10726: 10724: 10723: 10718: 10713: 10708: 10702: 10700: 10694: 10693: 10691: 10690: 10685: 10680: 10675: 10670: 10665: 10660: 10655: 10649: 10647: 10641: 10640: 10638: 10637: 10632: 10627: 10622: 10617: 10612: 10607: 10602: 10596: 10594: 10584: 10583: 10568: 10567: 10564: 10563: 10560: 10559: 10557: 10556: 10551: 10550: 10549: 10537: 10535:Sources of law 10532: 10527: 10526: 10525: 10515: 10508: 10503: 10496: 10491: 10484: 10479: 10474: 10469: 10464: 10459: 10454: 10449: 10442: 10435: 10434: 10433: 10428: 10423: 10413: 10408: 10400: 10398: 10394: 10393: 10391: 10390: 10383: 10376: 10369: 10362: 10355: 10348: 10340: 10338: 10336: 10335: 10330: 10325: 10319: 10316: 10315: 10313: 10312: 10305: 10300: 10293: 10286: 10279: 10271: 10269: 10263: 10262: 10260: 10259: 10252: 10245: 10238: 10231: 10226: 10220: 10218: 10208: 10207: 10204: 10203: 10198: 10192: 10184: 10183: 10180: 10179: 10177: 10176: 10171: 10166: 10161: 10159:Social welfare 10156: 10151: 10144: 10139: 10134: 10129: 10124: 10119: 10114: 10109: 10104: 10099: 10094: 10089: 10084: 10079: 10073: 10071: 10069: 10068: 10063: 10057: 10054: 10053: 10051: 10050: 10045: 10040: 10039: 10038: 10028: 10023: 10018: 10017: 10016: 10011: 10010: 10009: 9999: 9994: 9989: 9979: 9974: 9969: 9968: 9967: 9944: 9942: 9936: 9935: 9933: 9932: 9925: 9920: 9915: 9910: 9904: 9902: 9896: 9895: 9893: 9892: 9891: 9890: 9885: 9880: 9875: 9870: 9865: 9860: 9855: 9843: 9838: 9831: 9824: 9822:Historiography 9819: 9814: 9809: 9804: 9798: 9796: 9794: 9793: 9788: 9782: 9779: 9778: 9776: 9775: 9768: 9761: 9754: 9747: 9739: 9737: 9731: 9730: 9728: 9727: 9722: 9717: 9710: 9705: 9700: 9695: 9694: 9693: 9683: 9676: 9675: 9674: 9663: 9661: 9651: 9650: 9643: 9640: 9639: 9631: 9630: 9623: 9616: 9608: 9601: 9600: 9594: 9568: 9533: 9531: 9528: 9525: 9524: 9502: 9489: 9471: 9445: 9419: 9393: 9376:The Daily Star 9359: 9333: 9307: 9271: 9245: 9223: 9201: 9178: 9155: 9144:on 10 May 2013 9129: 9103: 9077: 9050: 9024: 8993: 8975: 8948: 8917: 8899: 8869: 8846: 8823: 8797: 8774: 8748: 8723:Hussain, Zahid 8714: 8701:New York Times 8685: 8663: 8623: 8596: 8573: 8547: 8525: 8498: 8472: 8450: 8424: 8398: 8365: 8339: 8313: 8287: 8256: 8249: 8218: 8177: 8166:on 3 June 2011 8151: 8129: 8107: 8085: 8059: 8034: 8011: 7988: 7966: 7963:978-0199812288 7946: 7933: 7924: 7910: 7905:The New Yorker 7892: 7866: 7840: 7814: 7802: 7783: 7771: 7745: 7719: 7693: 7674: 7643: 7617: 7612:abcnews.go.com 7598: 7563: 7549:on 31 May 2014 7534: 7522: 7510: 7479: 7467: 7441: 7415: 7389: 7363: 7351: 7325: 7299: 7273: 7254: 7228: 7217:. 27 July 2019 7202: 7171: 7159: 7147: 7121: 7093: 7065: 7048: 7030: 7011: 6993: 6974: 6951: 6920: 6898: 6870: 6852: 6831: 6826:Spiegel Online 6812: 6779: 6757: 6736: 6706: 6680: 6654: 6627: 6597: 6567: 6523:(in Swedish). 6511: 6484: 6453: 6423: 6403: 6384: 6369: 6336: 6323: 6276: 6256:Rose, Flemming 6247: 6221: 6210: 6196:Bluitgen, Kåre 6187: 6180: 6162: 6150: 6128: 6116:New York Times 6102: 6072: 6070:1, 1998, p. 76 6060: 6044: 6022: 5996: 5974: 5948: 5936:Deutsche Welle 5923: 5897: 5868: 5832: 5829:. 2 July 2015. 5814: 5792: 5772: 5749: 5718: 5692: 5666: 5637: 5632:New York Times 5617: 5597: 5579: 5560: 5542: 5521: 5502: 5489: 5458: 5432: 5404: 5366: 5336: 5300: 5269: 5237: 5214:Kazim, Hasnain 5205: 5189: 5173: 5150: 5128: 5096: 5076:Day, Elizabeth 5067: 5049: 5039: 5019: 5012: 4992: 4957: 4950: 4928: 4899: 4863: 4833: 4805: 4796: 4787: 4777: 4774:on 8 May 2013. 4755: 4726: 4704: 4671: 4658: 4651: 4637:Kadri, Sadakat 4625: 4611: 4591: 4582: 4573: 4566: 4539: 4527: 4520: 4500: 4494:978-0691134840 4493: 4470: 4448: 4435: 4405: 4393: 4364: 4355: 4343: 4296: 4287: 4285: 4284: 4281: 4278: 4275: 4264: 4250: 4248: 4247: 4236: 4213: 4210:978-0754630838 4197: 4181: 4172: 4144: 4142: 4141: 4130: 4121: 4102: 4100: 4099: 4095: 4084: 4075: 4058: 4042: 4030: 4016: 4008:978-0691602752 3991: 3987:978-1137388599 3970: 3963: 3940: 3915:the two Jalals 3902: 3896: 3870: 3866:978-0823227242 3849: 3847: 3846: 3836: 3829: 3819: 3816:978-1610691772 3796: 3778: 3775:. p. 158. 3765:Esposito, John 3756: 3754: 3753: 3731: 3699: 3684: 3667: 3663:978-1610691772 3611: 3607:978-1610691772 3583: 3579:978-1107039575 3563: 3549: 3517: 3470: 3464:978-0415311069 3463: 3444: 3443: 3441: 3438: 3436: 3435: 3430: 3425: 3420: 3415: 3410: 3405: 3400: 3395: 3390: 3385: 3379: 3378: 3377: 3376:Secular topics 3372: 3371: 3366: 3361: 3356: 3351: 3346: 3341: 3336: 3331: 3326: 3321: 3316: 3311: 3306: 3301: 3296: 3291: 3285: 3284: 3283: 3278: 3275: 3273: 3270: 3269: 3268: 3265: 3262: 3259: 3248: 3245: 3238: 3235: 3232: 3229: 3226: 3223: 3212: 3201: 3196: 3193: 3192: 3191: 3188: 3177: 3174: 3164: 3161: 3146: 3139: 3134: 3131: 3101:Supreme Leader 3093:Salman Rushdie 3084: 3081: 3075: 3072: 3003: 3000: 2951:, stated that 2926:Kamlesh Tiwari 2921: 2918: 2856:was firebombed 2826:Comedy Central 2773:roundabout dog 2728:cartoonists." 2701:Muhammedkrisen 2627: 2626: 2624: 2623: 2616: 2609: 2601: 2598: 2597: 2566:Danish bombing 2564: 2561: 2560: 2557: 2556: 2531: 2528: 2527: 2524: 2523: 2497: 2494: 2493: 2490: 2489: 2474: 2471: 2395: 2392: 2390: 2387: 2342: 2341: 2332: 2331: 2330: 2329: 2328: 2323:Main article: 2320: 2317: 2302:Main article: 2299: 2296: 2292:Hafar al-Batin 2281:Main article: 2278: 2275: 2235:Main article: 2232: 2229: 2216: 2213: 2204:Shahbaz Bhatti 2188:Shahbaz Bhatti 2184:Salmaan Taseer 2179:Salmaan Taseer 2175:Shahbaz Bhatti 2116:Salmaan Taseer 2112:Shahbaz Bhatti 2109: 2108: 2099: 2098: 2097: 2096: 2095: 2090:Main article: 2087: 2084: 2080:Omar al-Bashir 2078:met President 2076:House of Lords 2072:Friday prayers 2060:Main article: 2057: 2054: 2031:Main article: 2028: 2025: 1977:Main article: 1974: 1971: 1969: 1966: 1937:Salman Rushdie 1914:Shahbaz Bhatti 1866: 1863: 1829:battle of Badr 1815: 1814: 1794: 1792: 1781: 1778: 1776: 1773: 1764:Main article: 1755: 1749: 1743: 1737: 1730: 1727: 1715:Main article: 1685: 1682: 1664: 1640:Muslim jurists 1611: 1610: 1601: 1595: 1589: 1583: 1573: 1538: 1535: 1533: 1530: 1505: 1490:sabb al rasool 1478:) in society. 1466:Battle of Badr 1440: 1402: 1368: 1365: 1351: 1315: 1290: 1255: 1252: 1244:(insult), and 1232:("unbelief"), 1206:(concoction), 1173: 1170: 1144:In the modern 1086: 1085: 1083: 1082: 1075: 1068: 1060: 1057: 1056: 1050: 1049: 1046: 1045: 1040: 1030: 1023: 1015: 1010: 1009: 1006: 1005: 1000: 999: 998: 997: 985: 984: 979: 974: 966: 963: 962: 956: 955: 953: 952: 945: 938: 931: 924: 917: 910: 903: 896: 889: 884: 878: 873: 868: 867: 864: 863: 858: 857: 851: 850: 848: 847: 840: 833: 826: 818: 815: 814: 808: 807: 806: 805: 796: 795: 781: 774: 767: 759: 756: 755: 747: 746: 738: 733: 732: 729: 728: 724: 723: 718: 713: 706: 696: 688: 687: 682: 681: 678: 677: 672: 671: 670: 669: 666:(compensation) 658: 647: 633: 632: 631: 630: 619: 610: 601: 590: 579: 568: 557: 552: 540: 535: 534: 531: 530: 525: 524: 522: 521: 514: 507: 500: 493: 486: 479: 472: 464: 461: 460: 450: 449: 448: 447: 442: 435: 434: 427: 420: 419: 418: 411: 399: 393: 390: 389: 387: 386: 379: 372: 365: 357: 355: 354: 347: 341: 338: 337: 329: 324: 323: 320: 319: 315: 314: 307: 300: 293: 286: 279: 272: 266: 265: 264: 258: 253: 252: 249: 248: 243: 242: 240: 239: 224: 217: 209: 197: 194: 193: 185: 184: 176: 175: 167: 166: 165: 164: 157: 150: 147: 146: 138: 129: 123: 119: 118: 111: 104: 96: 93: 92: 84: 83: 73: 68: 67: 64: 63: 55: 54: 42: 41: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 11083: 11072: 11069: 11067: 11064: 11062: 11059: 11058: 11056: 11041: 11033: 11031: 11021: 11020: 11017: 11003: 11000: 10998: 10995: 10993: 10990: 10988: 10985: 10983: 10980: 10978: 10975: 10973: 10970: 10968: 10965: 10961: 10958: 10957: 10956: 10953: 10949: 10946: 10944: 10943:Post-Islamism 10941: 10939: 10936: 10935: 10934: 10931: 10929: 10926: 10922: 10919: 10917: 10914: 10913: 10912: 10909: 10908: 10906: 10902: 10896: 10893: 10891: 10888: 10886: 10883: 10881: 10878: 10877: 10875: 10873: 10869: 10863: 10860: 10858: 10855: 10853: 10850: 10848: 10845: 10841: 10840:Protestantism 10838: 10836: 10833: 10832: 10831: 10828: 10827: 10825: 10823: 10819: 10815: 10805: 10801: 10787: 10784: 10782: 10781: 10777: 10775: 10772: 10768: 10765: 10764: 10763: 10760: 10758: 10755: 10753: 10750: 10748: 10745: 10743: 10740: 10738: 10735: 10734: 10732: 10728: 10722: 10719: 10717: 10714: 10712: 10709: 10707: 10704: 10703: 10701: 10699: 10695: 10689: 10686: 10684: 10683:Ophthalmology 10681: 10679: 10676: 10674: 10671: 10669: 10666: 10664: 10661: 10659: 10656: 10654: 10651: 10650: 10648: 10646: 10642: 10636: 10633: 10631: 10628: 10626: 10623: 10621: 10618: 10616: 10613: 10611: 10608: 10606: 10603: 10601: 10598: 10597: 10595: 10593: 10589: 10585: 10581: 10573: 10569: 10555: 10552: 10548: 10547: 10543: 10542: 10541: 10538: 10536: 10533: 10531: 10528: 10524: 10521: 10520: 10519: 10516: 10514: 10513: 10509: 10507: 10504: 10502: 10501: 10497: 10495: 10492: 10490: 10489: 10485: 10483: 10480: 10478: 10475: 10473: 10470: 10468: 10465: 10463: 10460: 10458: 10455: 10453: 10450: 10448: 10447: 10443: 10441: 10440: 10436: 10432: 10431:Death penalty 10429: 10427: 10424: 10422: 10419: 10418: 10417: 10414: 10412: 10409: 10407: 10406: 10402: 10401: 10399: 10397:Other aspects 10395: 10389: 10388: 10384: 10382: 10381: 10377: 10375: 10374: 10370: 10368: 10367: 10363: 10361: 10360: 10356: 10354: 10353: 10349: 10347: 10346: 10342: 10341: 10339: 10334: 10331: 10329: 10326: 10324: 10321: 10320: 10317: 10311: 10310: 10306: 10304: 10301: 10299: 10298: 10294: 10292: 10291: 10287: 10285: 10284: 10280: 10278: 10277: 10273: 10272: 10270: 10268: 10264: 10258: 10257: 10253: 10251: 10250: 10246: 10244: 10243: 10239: 10237: 10236: 10232: 10230: 10227: 10225: 10222: 10221: 10219: 10217: 10213: 10209: 10202: 10201:Jurisprudence 10199: 10197: 10194: 10193: 10189: 10185: 10175: 10172: 10170: 10167: 10165: 10162: 10160: 10157: 10155: 10152: 10150: 10149: 10145: 10143: 10140: 10138: 10135: 10133: 10130: 10128: 10125: 10123: 10120: 10118: 10115: 10113: 10110: 10108: 10105: 10103: 10100: 10098: 10095: 10093: 10090: 10088: 10085: 10083: 10080: 10078: 10075: 10074: 10072: 10067: 10064: 10062: 10059: 10058: 10055: 10049: 10046: 10044: 10041: 10037: 10034: 10033: 10032: 10029: 10027: 10024: 10022: 10019: 10015: 10012: 10008: 10005: 10004: 10003: 10000: 9998: 9995: 9993: 9990: 9988: 9985: 9984: 9983: 9980: 9978: 9975: 9973: 9970: 9966: 9962: 9958: 9954: 9951: 9950: 9949: 9946: 9945: 9943: 9941: 9940:Denominations 9937: 9931: 9930: 9926: 9924: 9921: 9919: 9916: 9914: 9911: 9909: 9906: 9905: 9903: 9901: 9897: 9889: 9886: 9884: 9881: 9879: 9876: 9874: 9871: 9869: 9866: 9864: 9861: 9859: 9856: 9854: 9853: 9849: 9848: 9847: 9844: 9842: 9839: 9837: 9836: 9832: 9830: 9829: 9825: 9823: 9820: 9818: 9815: 9813: 9810: 9808: 9805: 9803: 9800: 9799: 9797: 9792: 9789: 9787: 9784: 9783: 9780: 9774: 9773: 9769: 9767: 9766: 9762: 9760: 9759: 9755: 9753: 9752: 9748: 9746: 9745: 9741: 9740: 9738: 9736: 9732: 9726: 9725:Holiest sites 9723: 9721: 9720:Judgement Day 9718: 9716: 9715: 9711: 9709: 9706: 9704: 9701: 9699: 9696: 9692: 9689: 9688: 9687: 9684: 9682: 9681: 9677: 9673: 9670: 9669: 9668: 9665: 9664: 9662: 9660: 9656: 9652: 9648: 9647: 9641: 9636: 9629: 9624: 9622: 9617: 9615: 9610: 9609: 9606: 9597: 9591: 9587: 9583: 9582: 9577: 9576:Saeed, Hassan 9573: 9569: 9565: 9550: 9546: 9539: 9535: 9534: 9520: 9516: 9512: 9506: 9499: 9493: 9485: 9481: 9475: 9459: 9455: 9449: 9434: 9430: 9423: 9408: 9404: 9397: 9381: 9377: 9373: 9371: 9363: 9347: 9343: 9337: 9321: 9317: 9311: 9296:on 8 May 2009 9292: 9288: 9281: 9275: 9259: 9255: 9249: 9233: 9227: 9211: 9205: 9189: 9182: 9166: 9159: 9143: 9139: 9133: 9117: 9113: 9107: 9091: 9087: 9081: 9065: 9061: 9054: 9038: 9034: 9028: 9012: 9008: 9004: 8997: 8989: 8985: 8979: 8963: 8959: 8952: 8936: 8932: 8928: 8921: 8913: 8909: 8903: 8887: 8883: 8879: 8873: 8857: 8850: 8834: 8827: 8811: 8807: 8801: 8785: 8778: 8762: 8758: 8752: 8736: 8732: 8728: 8724: 8718: 8703: 8702: 8696: 8689: 8673: 8667: 8652:on 8 May 2009 8648: 8644: 8640: 8633: 8627: 8611: 8607: 8600: 8584: 8577: 8561: 8557: 8551: 8535: 8529: 8513: 8509: 8502: 8486: 8482: 8476: 8460: 8454: 8446: 8442: 8438: 8434: 8428: 8420: 8416: 8412: 8408: 8402: 8386: 8382: 8378: 8372: 8370: 8353: 8349: 8343: 8328: 8324: 8317: 8302: 8298: 8291: 8275: 8271: 8267: 8260: 8252: 8250:0-415-15978-4 8246: 8242: 8237: 8236: 8227: 8225: 8223: 8214: 8208: 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Daily Trust 8022: 8015: 8000:. Daily Trust 7999: 7992: 7976: 7970: 7964: 7960: 7956: 7950: 7943: 7937: 7928: 7920: 7914: 7906: 7902: 7896: 7880: 7876: 7870: 7855: 7851: 7844: 7828: 7824: 7818: 7811: 7806: 7800: 7796: 7792: 7787: 7780: 7775: 7759: 7755: 7749: 7733: 7729: 7723: 7708: 7704: 7697: 7689: 7685: 7678: 7662: 7658: 7654: 7647: 7632: 7628: 7621: 7613: 7609: 7602: 7595: 7580: 7573: 7567: 7560: 7548: 7544: 7538: 7531: 7526: 7519: 7514: 7499: 7495: 7488: 7486: 7484: 7476: 7471: 7455: 7451: 7445: 7429: 7425: 7419: 7403: 7399: 7393: 7378: 7374: 7367: 7360: 7355: 7340: 7336: 7329: 7313: 7309: 7303: 7288: 7284: 7277: 7270: 7265: 7263: 7261: 7259: 7243: 7239: 7232: 7216: 7212: 7206: 7190: 7186: 7180: 7178: 7176: 7168: 7163: 7156: 7151: 7136: 7132: 7125: 7110: 7109: 7104: 7097: 7082: 7081: 7076: 7069: 7063: 7062: 7058: 7052: 7044: 7040: 7034: 7026: 7022: 7015: 7007: 7003: 6997: 6989: 6988:The Telegraph 6985: 6978: 6971: 6966: 6962: 6955: 6939: 6935: 6931: 6924: 6908: 6902: 6887: 6886: 6881: 6874: 6867: 6861: 6856: 6849: 6848: 6841: 6835: 6827: 6823: 6816: 6801: 6797: 6793: 6789: 6783: 6768:. Tvsquad.com 6767: 6761: 6753: 6752: 6747: 6740: 6724: 6720: 6716: 6710: 6694: 6690: 6684: 6669: 6665: 6658: 6642: 6638: 6631: 6615: 6611: 6607: 6601: 6585: 6581: 6577: 6571: 6555: 6551: 6547: 6530: 6526: 6522: 6515: 6499: 6495: 6488: 6472: 6468: 6464: 6457: 6441: 6437: 6433: 6427: 6419: 6418: 6413: 6407: 6399: 6395: 6388: 6380: 6373: 6358: 6354: 6347: 6340: 6333: 6327: 6312: 6308: 6304: 6300: 6293: 6289: 6288:Hervik, Peter 6283: 6281: 6265: 6261: 6257: 6251: 6235: 6231: 6225: 6217: 6213: 6207: 6203: 6202: 6197: 6191: 6183: 6181:87-7692-092-5 6177: 6173: 6166: 6159: 6154: 6148: 6146: 6142: 6138: 6132: 6117: 6113: 6106: 6090: 6086: 6082: 6076: 6069: 6064: 6057: 6053: 6048: 6032: 6026: 6010: 6006: 6000: 5984: 5978: 5962: 5958: 5952: 5937: 5933: 5927: 5911: 5907: 5901: 5885: 5884: 5879: 5872: 5856: 5852: 5848: 5847: 5842: 5836: 5828: 5824: 5818: 5802: 5796: 5788: 5787: 5782: 5776: 5760: 5753: 5737: 5733: 5729: 5722: 5706: 5702: 5696: 5681: 5677: 5670: 5655: 5651: 5644: 5642: 5633: 5629: 5628: 5621: 5613: 5612: 5607: 5601: 5593: 5589: 5583: 5576: 5572: 5569: 5564: 5556: 5552: 5546: 5539: 5535: 5531: 5525: 5519: 5517: 5512: 5509:Sana Saleem, 5506: 5499: 5496:R. Upadhyay, 5493: 5477: 5473: 5469: 5462: 5446: 5442: 5436: 5421: 5420: 5415: 5408: 5392: 5388: 5387: 5382: 5375: 5373: 5371: 5354: 5350: 5346: 5340: 5324: 5320: 5319: 5314: 5310: 5304: 5288: 5284: 5280: 5273: 5257: 5253: 5252: 5247: 5241: 5225: 5224: 5219: 5215: 5209: 5203: 5199: 5193: 5186: 5182: 5177: 5168: 5164: 5160: 5154: 5138: 5132: 5116: 5115: 5110: 5106: 5100: 5085: 5081: 5077: 5071: 5063: 5059: 5058:de Waal, Alex 5053: 5046: 5042: 5040:9780313311932 5036: 5032: 5031: 5023: 5015: 5013:9781439129418 5009: 5005: 5004: 4996: 4980: 4976: 4972: 4966: 4964: 4962: 4953: 4947: 4942: 4941: 4932: 4916: 4912: 4906: 4904: 4884: 4880: 4873: 4867: 4851: 4847: 4843: 4837: 4829: 4823: 4815: 4809: 4800: 4791: 4781: 4773: 4769: 4765: 4759: 4752: 4741: 4737: 4730: 4714: 4708: 4692: 4688: 4684: 4678: 4676: 4668: 4662: 4654: 4652:9780099523277 4648: 4644: 4643: 4638: 4632: 4630: 4614: 4608: 4604: 4603: 4595: 4586: 4577: 4569: 4563: 4559: 4555: 4554: 4549: 4543: 4536: 4531: 4523: 4521:9781316299685 4517: 4513: 4512: 4504: 4496: 4490: 4486: 4485: 4477: 4475: 4458: 4452: 4445: 4444:Blasphemy law 4439: 4431: 4424: 4422: 4420: 4418: 4416: 4414: 4412: 4410: 4403:, p. 48. 4402: 4397: 4386: 4382: 4375: 4368: 4359: 4352: 4347: 4339: 4335: 4331: 4327: 4323: 4319: 4315: 4314: 4309: 4303: 4301: 4291: 4282: 4279: 4276: 4273: 4272: 4268: 4260: 4254: 4245: 4244: 4240: 4233: 4232: 4227: 4223: 4222:Ibn Taymiyyah 4217: 4211: 4207: 4201: 4195: 4194:0-02-865735-7 4191: 4185: 4176: 4169: 4165: 4161: 4157: 4153: 4148: 4139: 4138: 4134: 4125: 4117: 4113: 4106: 4096: 4093: 4092: 4088: 4079: 4073: 4069: 4068: 4062: 4055: 4049: 4047: 4039: 4034: 4028:, 2013 p. 285 4027: 4020: 4013: 4009: 4005: 4001: 3995: 3988: 3984: 3980: 3974: 3966: 3960: 3956: 3949: 3947: 3945: 3929: 3925: 3920: 3916: 3912: 3909:According to 3906: 3900: 3893: 3888: 3884: 3877: 3875: 3867: 3863: 3859: 3853: 3844: 3841: 3837: 3834: 3830: 3827: 3824: 3820: 3817: 3813: 3809: 3805: 3804: 3800: 3792: 3785: 3783: 3774: 3770: 3766: 3760: 3751: 3748: 3744: 3743: 3741: 3735: 3716: 3709: 3703: 3696: 3691: 3689: 3681: 3676: 3674: 3672: 3664: 3660: 3656: 3652: 3646: 3644: 3642: 3640: 3638: 3636: 3634: 3632: 3630: 3628: 3626: 3624: 3622: 3620: 3618: 3616: 3608: 3604: 3600: 3596: 3590: 3588: 3580: 3576: 3573: 3567: 3552: 3546: 3542: 3538: 3534: 3528: 3526: 3524: 3522: 3506: 3502: 3498: 3494: 3493: 3488: 3481: 3479: 3477: 3475: 3466: 3460: 3456: 3449: 3445: 3434: 3431: 3429: 3426: 3424: 3421: 3419: 3416: 3414: 3411: 3409: 3406: 3404: 3401: 3399: 3396: 3394: 3391: 3389: 3386: 3384: 3381: 3380: 3375: 3374: 3370: 3367: 3365: 3362: 3360: 3357: 3355: 3352: 3350: 3347: 3345: 3342: 3340: 3337: 3335: 3332: 3330: 3327: 3325: 3322: 3320: 3317: 3315: 3312: 3310: 3307: 3305: 3302: 3300: 3297: 3295: 3294:Blasphemy law 3292: 3290: 3287: 3286: 3281: 3280: 3266: 3263: 3260: 3257: 3253: 3249: 3246: 3243: 3239: 3236: 3233: 3230: 3227: 3224: 3221: 3217: 3216:reincarnation 3213: 3210: 3206: 3202: 3199: 3198: 3189: 3186: 3183:(Sudan). See 3182: 3178: 3175: 3172: 3168: 3165: 3162: 3159: 3155: 3151: 3147: 3144: 3140: 3137: 3136: 3130: 3127: 3125: 3121: 3117: 3108: 3107: 3102: 3098: 3094: 3089: 3080: 3071: 3069: 3065: 3061: 3057: 3053: 3049: 3044: 3042: 3038: 3034: 3030: 3026: 3022: 3018: 3014: 3010: 3009: 2999: 2997: 2993: 2989: 2984: 2982: 2978: 2974: 2969: 2967: 2966:Uttar Pradesh 2963: 2959: 2954: 2950: 2946: 2941: 2939: 2935: 2934:Uttar Pradesh 2931: 2927: 2917: 2915: 2914:Charlie Hebdo 2911: 2904: 2903:Charlie Hebdo 2900: 2896: 2895: 2890: 2885: 2883: 2879: 2878:Charlie Hebdo 2875: 2874:Charlie Hebdo 2871: 2867: 2863: 2862: 2857: 2854: 2853:Charlie Hebdo 2849: 2847: 2842: 2838: 2833: 2831: 2827: 2824:"). However, 2823: 2819: 2818:Peter Griffin 2815: 2814: 2809: 2805: 2804: 2796: 2792: 2787: 2783: 2780: 2779: 2774: 2770: 2765: 2763: 2759: 2755: 2754: 2753:Charlie Hebdo 2744: 2740: 2738: 2734: 2729: 2726: 2722: 2718: 2717:Carsten Juste 2714: 2710: 2706: 2702: 2698: 2694: 2692: 2687: 2683: 2679: 2675: 2674: 2670: 2666: 2665:Flemming Rose 2662: 2659: 2654: 2650: 2646: 2642: 2641:Kåre Bluitgen 2638: 2634: 2633:Theo van Gogh 2622: 2617: 2615: 2610: 2608: 2603: 2602: 2600: 2599: 2594: 2590: 2586: 2582: 2580: 2579:Charlie Hebdo 2575: 2571: 2567: 2559: 2558: 2553: 2548: 2544: 2540: 2536: 2535: 2526: 2525: 2520: 2516: 2512: 2508: 2504: 2500: 2492: 2491: 2488: 2483: 2479: 2478: 2470: 2467: 2463: 2459: 2455: 2451: 2446: 2443: 2439: 2435: 2434:Immanuel Kant 2431: 2427: 2423: 2422: 2413: 2410:, one of the 2409: 2405: 2400: 2386: 2383: 2379: 2375: 2371: 2367: 2363: 2353: 2349: 2345: 2336: 2326: 2316: 2314: 2310: 2305: 2295: 2293: 2289: 2284: 2274: 2272: 2267: 2263: 2259: 2255: 2251: 2247: 2243: 2238: 2228: 2226: 2222: 2212: 2208: 2205: 2200: 2198: 2194: 2189: 2185: 2180: 2176: 2171: 2165: 2163: 2159: 2156: 2151: 2147: 2139: 2135: 2125: 2121: 2117: 2113: 2103: 2093: 2083: 2081: 2077: 2073: 2069: 2063: 2053: 2051: 2046: 2045: 2040: 2039:Arifur Rahman 2034: 2033:Arifur Rahman 2024: 2022: 2018: 2014: 2010: 2006: 2005: 2000: 1996: 1989: 1985: 1980: 1965: 1963: 1962: 1957: 1953: 1948: 1944: 1943: 1938: 1934: 1930: 1925: 1923: 1917: 1915: 1911: 1907: 1906:Salman Taseer 1903: 1899: 1895: 1891: 1884: 1880: 1876: 1871: 1862: 1860: 1855: 1854:Sadakat Kadri 1851: 1849: 1845: 1841: 1836: 1834: 1830: 1826: 1822: 1811: 1802: 1798: 1795:This section 1793: 1790: 1786: 1785: 1772: 1767: 1766:Blasphemy law 1735: 1726: 1724: 1718: 1711: 1707: 1703: 1699: 1695: 1690: 1681: 1679: 1675: 1663: 1661: 1654: 1652: 1649:The words of 1647: 1645: 1641: 1637: 1636:blasphemy law 1632: 1628: 1627: 1622: 1618: 1617: 1608: 1605: 1602: 1599: 1596: 1593: 1590: 1587: 1584: 1581: 1577: 1574: 1571: 1567: 1563: 1560: 1559: 1558: 1556: 1552: 1548: 1544: 1526: 1522: 1521: 1516: 1512: 1511: 1504: 1500: 1497: 1491: 1485: 1479: 1477: 1476: 1471: 1467: 1463: 1459: 1451: 1447: 1446: 1439: 1431: 1427: 1423: 1419: 1418: 1413: 1409: 1408: 1401: 1399: 1394: 1390: 1386: 1380: 1378: 1374: 1364: 1356: 1350: 1346: 1342: 1340: 1336: 1332: 1328: 1320: 1314: 1309: 1307: 1303: 1295: 1289: 1287: 1283: 1282:wa la tasubbu 1277: 1275: 1271: 1266: 1261: 1251: 1248: 1242: 1238:(depravity), 1236: 1230: 1229: 1222: 1216: 1210: 1204: 1198: 1192: 1186: 1182:(insult) and 1180: 1169: 1167: 1163: 1159: 1155: 1151: 1147: 1142: 1140: 1136: 1132: 1128: 1124: 1120: 1116: 1112: 1107: 1105: 1101: 1097: 1093: 1081: 1076: 1074: 1069: 1067: 1062: 1061: 1059: 1058: 1055: 1052: 1051: 1044: 1041: 1039: 1035: 1031: 1029: 1028: 1024: 1022: 1021: 1017: 1016: 1013: 1008: 1007: 995: 994: 988: 987: 983: 980: 978: 975: 973: 972: 968: 967: 965: 964: 961: 958: 957: 951: 950: 946: 944: 943: 939: 937: 936: 932: 930: 929: 925: 923: 922: 918: 916: 915: 911: 909: 908: 904: 902: 901: 897: 895: 894: 890: 888: 885: 883: 880: 879: 877: 876: 871: 866: 865: 856: 853: 852: 846: 845: 841: 839: 838: 834: 832: 831: 827: 825: 824: 820: 819: 817: 816: 813: 810: 809: 804: 803: 799: 798: 793: 792: 787: 786: 782: 780: 779: 775: 773: 772: 768: 766: 765: 761: 760: 758: 757: 754: 753: 749: 748: 745: 742: 741: 736: 731: 730: 722: 719: 717: 714: 712: 711: 707: 704: 700: 697: 695: 694: 690: 689: 685: 680: 679: 668: 663: 659: 657: 655:(retaliation) 652: 648: 646: 641: 637: 636: 635: 634: 629: 624: 620: 614: 611: 605: 602: 600: 595: 591: 589: 584: 580: 578: 576:(illicit sex) 573: 569: 567: 562: 558: 556: 553: 551: 550: 546: 545: 544: 543: 538: 533: 532: 520: 519: 515: 513: 512: 508: 506: 505: 501: 499: 498: 494: 492: 491: 487: 485: 484: 480: 478: 477: 473: 471: 470: 466: 465: 463: 462: 459: 456: 455: 446: 445:Breastfeeding 443: 441: 438: 437: 433: 432: 428: 426: 425: 421: 417: 416: 412: 410: 409: 405: 404: 403: 400: 398: 395: 394: 392: 391: 385: 384: 380: 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9742: 9735:Five Pillars 9712: 9678: 9667:God in Islam 9644: 9580: 9562:– via 9556:. 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