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Tobacco
Company, the city's second-largest manufacturer of the product. St. Louis had become a major tobacco-processing center during the latter part of the century, and Taylor's firm eventually was responsible for erecting nine different factories, three of them for Drummond. Taylor also broke into the market for designing some of the city's newest lodging establishments, finishing the Beers Hotel at 4th and Olive Streets in 1884 and remodeling the Laclede Hotel into the new Hurst Hotel in 1885 (he would be called on to revamp this hotel again in 1897). At the same time he expanded his reach into industrial architecture, finishing factories for the St. Louis Illuminating Company in 1885 and the Woodward and Tiernan Print Co in 1887. Taylor also began to attract commissions outside St. Louis during this time, erecting the Crescent Hotel in the resort town of the Ozarks, Eureka Springs, Arkansas (1885) and the National Hotel in Peoria, Illinois (1887).
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Building (1907), and the LaSalle
Building (1909), a narrow 13-story structure that used the Simplex reinforced concrete system of 370 piles between the foundation and the bedrock 65 feet below grade. The building was characterized by vertical strips of brick alternating with projecting, terracotta-faced white oriel windows, serviced by three elevators. The most innovative project, though, involved the raising of the Equitable Building in St. Louis in 1910 by setting the top eight stories on hydraulic jacks and replacing the bottom two floors and the brick-and-stone foundation with a reinforced concrete and steel structure behind a glass skin. In the last decade of his career Taylor also completed several annexes to other large office buildings that had outgrown their original spaces, including the Times Building Annex (1910) and the Mercantile Trust Company Annex (1916).
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a wholesale dry goods company), the building still stands in remarkably well-preserved condition, though it has now been converted to apartments. It is, along with one other structure, the sole surviving example of a Taylor
Romanesque Revival commercial design. The building reputedly cost a whopping $ 900,000 ($ 30,520,000 today), as Liggett & Myers were "unsparing of money in order to make their block rarely equaled for utility and grandeur." Taylor built a solid structure, with an interior supported by massive brick arches, cast iron columns encased in hollow tile, and steel floor beams covered with seven inches of yellow pine that was in turn topped with one-inch-thick dressed maple. Probably influenced by
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as well as an expert on Gothic architecture. Taylor's congenial nature no doubt allowed him to build a robust network of personal and business connections. He was well-respected among his peers and one of the leaders of the increasing professionalization of architecture in
America at the end on the nineteenth century, becoming a charter member of the Western Association of Architects. Upon its merger with the American Institute of Architects, he remained a member of the St. Louis Chapter and later was named a Fellow of the AIA.
153:, who became St. Louis' best-known architect during the mid-nineteenth century and who trained several generations of local designers. Taylor, who rose to serve as Barnett's junior partner from 1876 to 1881, worked on several of the firm's prominent commercial projects in St. Louis, including the Southern Hotel, the Julie Building (which housed Barr's Department Store), and the Mercantile Center for the Famous Clothing Company. Taylor also contributed to the designs for many of Barnett's residential works, including Shaw Place.
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it off admirably from all accounts. In addition to functioning as the CEO of design and construction, negotiating personalities, timelines, and budgets, Taylor himself designed several major structures, all of which were temporary. Among them, were the largest structure, the
Agriculture Building, which covered more than 18 acres and cost $ 525,000; Statler's Inside Inn; the Missouri State Building; the Horticulture Building; the Forestry, Fishery, and Game Building; and the Livestock Exhibition Complex.
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designer; though versatile in a variety of styles, he did not deviate from the eclecticism popular among most late nineteenth-century
American designers; nor at first glance does he seem to have developed any new handling of space, materials, or volumes. He seems to have been mostly focused on giving clients what they wanted and keeping in touch with popular design trends, objectives that would have served him well in the growing corporate culture of St. Louis.
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265:, Taylor made extensive use of terracotta ornament and iron interior staircases. Manufactured by Pullis Brothers, the ironwork required for the building was said to be the largest contract ever awarded in St. Louis. The city's architectural press gave Taylor high praise upon the building's completion, calling the block's transformation "a wonderful evidence of St. Louis' building progress."
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originally housed not just courtroom and detention cells (and was adjacent to Taylor's newly built municipal jail), but also the Health
Department, Police headquarters, coroner's office, and the Board of Election Commissioners. Its I-shaped plan incorporates six light courts around which most of the offices and hallways are arranged.
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Taylor had developed some contacts in Texas in the 1880s that began to bear fruit for him during the new century. He was hired to construct the new
Majestic Theater in Dallas by the Interstate Amusement Company in 1911, which unfortunately burned down in 1917 and was replaced by the current Majestic
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structure occupying an entire city block on
Washington Avenue between Tenth and Eleventh Streets in an emerging mercantile wholesale district. A speculative property built by the tobacco giant Liggett & Myers to lease space to other firms (including, eventually, the entire building to Rice-Stix,
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Taylor was a lifelong bachelor. A large man, he garnered renown for his "gargantuan...frame and appetite." Taylor was well-liked, and was said to have a big heart and great "conviviality." He was also known for being studious, apparently being extremely well-read in the history of the United States
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Taking a break from his own architectural practice, he began working 12-hour days, seven days a week on the fair. Taylor's task of supervising the design and construction of all the major buildings for the fair was a gigantic task, and was complicated his constant struggles for funds, but he pulled
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Building at 7th and Olive in 1899. In an article in 1894, the latter singled out Taylor for his ability to combine aesthetic taste with practicality as one of his particular strengths as a designer that contributed to his success. This is likely accurate, as Taylor was not a particularly innovative
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Taylor's family connections provided him with the chance to build a few structures abroad as well. In the early 1890s, his brother George S. Taylor, a businessman in Mexico City, helped him land his most important hotel commission, the Grand
National Hotel, a lavish Spanish Colonial structure that
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After the 1904 Exposition, Taylor rejoined his firm, which had suffered financially during his absence. The latter half of the first decade of the twentieth century was marked by several tall commercial building projects in central St. Louis. These included the Mills Building (1906), the Aberdeen
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Taylor's career spanned nearly 50 years, the last 36 at the helm of his own firm, and some 215 projects. An obituary declared that "his career...has been synchronous with the architectural progress of St. Louis" and his works "in number and importance are second to none in his city." He served as
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The crowning achievement of Taylor's career was his direction of the architectural ensemble for the Louisiana Purchase Exposition, the only world's fair hosted by St. Louis. In 1901, Taylor's strong connections to St. Louis' leaders in business and industry, including the city's most influential
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The firm's success seems to have taken off during the mid-1880s, with 1885 being a particularly pivotal date. That year, Taylor completed the Drummond Building, a six-story Italian-Renaissance-Revival structure in downtown St. Louis, which housed the corporate offices and factory of the Drummond
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Taylor's firm became well known for major commercial buildings in downtown St. Louis, which in the last quarter of the nineteenth century began to emerge as one of the dominant metropolises in the American Midwest, not the least because of its strategic location just south of the juncture of the
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Taylor also completed two permanent monumental civic structures in his last years, both of them exercises in axial, Beaux-Arts neoclassicism, as befitting the City Beautiful movement, then in vogue in a number of major American metropolitan centers. Opened in 1910, the Municipal Courts Building
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Taylor attracted a steady flow of clients from all different industries in St. Louis. The buildings he designed in the central business district reflect such diversity, though typologically they did not differ substantially, consisting mostly of monumental office blocks that ranged from 3 to 10
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According to David Simmons, Taylor built his career by establishing a reputation as "an honest and dedicated architect" who strove to complete commissions in a timely manner and within his given budget, while still accepting challenging jobs that other designers refused to take. Such renown
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Taylor died at home at age 66, rather suddenly, in October 1917. He left an estate of $ 400,000, a considerable sum at the time, most of which went to his brother George, who was residing in Mexico City. Taylor left $ 5,000 and his architectural library and records to Oscar Enders.
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in 1874. Many businesses based in St. Louis expanded, constructing lavish new headquarters or speculative office buildings. Taylor was intimately involved in this construction boom. The building that apparently secured Taylor's reputation as one of the city's top architects was the
353:, as his chief designer, and the two of them collaborated on the overall layout of the fair, which consisted of the somewhat-odd arrangement of two axes of buildings set at a right angle to each other and bisected by a third axis formed by the Grand Lagoon at a 45-degree diagonal.
293:, at the time one of St. Louis' premier lodging establishments, which opened in 1894. In 1901-02 he completed the National Bank of Commerce, a towering eleven-story French Renaissance skyscraper that housed 198 offices; sculptural lion heads from its interior are now on display at
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Mississippi and Missouri rivers. Vast amounts of cargo passed through its ports, particularly raw agricultural products from the South and the states of the Great Plains as well as industrial products from the manufacturing centers in the North.
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included some 400 guest rooms with a 150-foot observation tower attached to its courtyard, in the early 1890s. At the same time, he designed the new passenger depot for the Monterey and Gulf Railroad in Monterrey, finished in 1894.
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The other major government commission Taylor undertook was the Jefferson Memorial Building, at the entrance to Forest Park in St. Louis, in 1911-12, on the exact site of the main entrance to the 1904 World's Fair. Now the
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industry in St. Louis, which probably contributed greatly to his success during this period and into the new century. He completed the headquarters for two of the city's major press outlets during this period: the
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Taylor designed the Monterey and Gulf Railroad Depot in Mexico, finished in 1894; the 1899 photo of the station as built appears to show a reversal of the main pavilion around the central axis from the original
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For the information in this section refer to Mary M. Stirlitz, "Liggett & Myers/Rice-Stix Building," National Register of Historic Places Inventory, U.S. Department of the Interior, National Park Service,
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St. Louis' protracted growth at the close of the nineteenth century was due to its strategic location as a transportation hub for steamboat and railroad traffic, particularly following the completion of the
226:, and who in 1895 became the second president of the St. Louis Architectural Sketch Club. David Simmons credits Enders for bringing a "fresh, contemporary look" to Taylor's firm's projects in the 1890s.
218:, completed in 1891. Taylor built 40 of these new structures for major corporate clients, bringing his firm considerable financial success. One reason was his 1890 hiring of a new chief designer,
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Between 1888 and 1901, Taylor rose to the top of the architectural profession in St. Louis. The downtown core of the city took definitive shape with a swath of major building projects, including
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121:(St. Louis World's Fair) of 1904 and himself designed numerous pavilions at the fair. Taylor was still designing up until his death at age 66 several months after the United States entered the
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The Liggett & Myers/Rice-Stix Building (later the Gateway Merchandise Mart), was the building that firmly established Taylor's reputation as a leading architect in St. Louis.
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The Oriental Hotel in Dallas was one of Taylor's first commissions outside of Missouri, and was one of the city's premier lodging establishments in the early twentieth century.
404:, and only slightly altered, the monumental structure, rather simply but elegantly arranged in two long wings around a central columned loggia, houses the collections of the
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How Much Is That in Real Money? A Historical Price Index for Use as a Deflator of Money Values in the Economy of the United States: Addenda et Corrigenda
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undoubtedly became an asset in a profession where designers often famously underestimate the costs and timeline for their buildings' completion.
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449:, built in 1887, was Taylor's only higher education commission, and for decades it was the oldest building on the SIU campus. It burned in 1969.
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Taylor was born in Nashville, Tennessee, on the last day of 1850 and moved with his parents and older brother to St. Louis a year later. At
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Hallenburg, Heather M. "Form, Function, Fusion: The Architecture of Isaac S. Taylor, 1850-1917." M.A. Thesis, University of Missouri, 1979.
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banker, landed him the position of chairman of the Architectural Commission and Director of Works. Taylor hired a young architect,
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How Much Is That in Real Money? A Historical Price Index for Use as a Deflator of Money Values in the Economy of the United States
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and opened in 1921. In 1912, the Dallas Chamber of Commerce hired him to design their new 11-story office building for $ 500,000.
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Copper lion head fixture from the National Bank of Commerce Building on display at The Wolfsonian-FIU, Miami Beach, Florida
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stories in height and often dominated their sites. These included such works as the Rialto Building (1892), an impressive
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1900 receipt from Hamilton-Brown Shoe Company, St. Louis, showing headquarters and factory buildings designed by Taylor
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at the turn of the twentieth century, designing commercial, residential, industrial, and governmental structures.
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Taylor's Planter's Hotel in downtown St. Louis was one of his most important commissions of this building type.
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Taylor's National Bank of Commerce Building, in St. Louis, 1902, one of his largest individual structures built
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Columbia Building (1890–92, at left) and L&N Railroad Building (1888), St. Louis, both designed by Taylor
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native Oscar Enders (1865-1926), who had gained considerable experience as a draftsman with several firms in
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The Board of Education Building in St. Louis was one of several civic structures Taylor eventually designed.
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Taylor's Mercantile Club Building was one of his major downtown commissions in St. Louis during the 1890s.
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145:, he earned a degree in classical languages with honors in 1868. After graduation, he joined the firm of
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The LaSalle Building was one of Taylor's important downtown commissions after the 1904 World's Fair.
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was one of two newspaper buildings constructed by Taylor, and its drawings were published in the
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Liggett and Myers Tobacco Company/Rice-Stix Building/Gateway Merchandise Mart, St. Louis (1888)
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4001-71 Folsom Ave, part of the Liggett & Myers Tobacco Company Factories, St, Louis, 1896
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Hamilton & Brown Shoe Company, St. Louis, Boonville, Columbia (Missouri) (1900-1916)
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Newsletter of the Missouri Valley Chapter of the Society of Architectural Historians
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Jefferson Memorial Building (now the Missouri History Museum), St. Louis (1911–12)
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Archbishop's Residence, Catholic Archdiocese of St. Louis (1891; demolished 1956)
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Archbishop's Residence, Catholic Archdiocese of St. Louis, 1891; demolished 1956
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Terrace Tales: A Contemporary History of Washington Terrace, Street of Mansions
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The Universal Exposition of 1904: Exhibits, Architecture, Ceremonies, Amusement
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281:; the Mercantile Club Building (1891), an asymmetrical, picturesque Romanesque/
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109:. He was one of the most important architects in St. Louis and the midwestern
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Curlee Clothing Company Building (1899); and the massive 424-room, ten-story
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Liggett & Myers/Rice-Stix Building/Merchandise Mart, St. Louis, 1888–89
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structure with a roofline punctuated by tall gables and thin spires; the
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Liggett & Myers Tobacco Company Offices, Folsom Ave, St. Louis, 1896
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Chairman of the Architectural Commission and Director of Works for the
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Simmons, David J. "The Architectural Career of Isaac S. Taylor,"
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The Missouri State Building at the 1904 World's Fair in St. Louis
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738:"Maylanson Manor" for Alanson C. Brown, Ladue, Missouri (1910)
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Monterrey and Gulf Railroad Depot, Monterrey, Mexico (1890–94)
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Mallinckrodt Chemical Company Factories, St. Louis (1895-1900)
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Louisville & Nashville Railroad Building, St. Louis, 1888
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248:/Rice-Stix Building (1888–89), a massive brick and Missouri
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Simmons, "The Architectural Career of Isaac S. Taylor," 1.
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Building at 6th and Pine Streets (1889) and the St. Louis
1153:. St. Louis: Louisiana Purchase Exposition Company, 1904.
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Mercantile Trust Company Annex Building, St. Louis (1916)
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Hurst Hotel, St. Louis (1885) (remodeled by Taylor, 1897)
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Guernsey Scudder Electric Light Company, St. Louis (1890)
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Board of Education Offices and Library, St. Louis (1891)
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Interstate Investment Company Building, St. Louis, 1891
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Theater, designed by the famed movie theater architect
105:(December 31, 1850 – October 28, 1917) was an American
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Woodward & Tiernan Print Company, St. Louis (1887)
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Woodward & Tiernan Print Company, St. Louis, 1887
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National Bank of Commerce Building, St. Louis (1902)
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Drummond Tobacco Company Factories, St. Louis (1885)
1163:. Columbia, MO: University of Missouri Press, 1897.
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J. Kennard and Sons Carpet Company, St. Louis, 1901
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Hadley-Dean Glass Company Building, St. Louis, 1901
1319:(St. Louis: J. Osmun Yeakle & Co., 1889), 149.
777:Drummond Tobacco Company Building, St. Louis, 1885
628:Louisiana Purchase Exposition (all completed 1904)
996:Curlee Clothing Company Building, St. Louis, 1899
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128:
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1161:Architecture of the Private Streets of St. Louis
1146:. St. Louis: St. Louis Architectural Club, 1928.
1144:Missouri's Contribution to American Architecture
491:Old Main, Southern Illinois Normal School (now
1020:The Mercantile Trust Building, St. Louis, 1901
789:Crescent Hotel, Eureka Springs, Arkansas, 1885
694:Meyer Brothers Drug Company, St. Louis (1889)
1104:Hamilton-Brown Shoe Factory, St. Louis, 1903
864:Meyer Brothers Drug Company, St. Louis, 1889
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747:William H. Thompson House, St. Louis (1897)
560:Municipal Courts Building, St. Louis (1910)
535:P.C. Murphy Trunk Company, St. Louis (1892)
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1092:Silk Exchange Building, St. Louis, 1901–02
744:Thomas S. Sullivan House, St. Louis (1901)
667:Bee Hat Company Building, St. Louis (1899)
532:Robert Brown Oil Company, St. Louis (1889)
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984:Bee Hat Company Building, St. Louis, 1899
308:Taylor developed close contacts with the
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1080:Peters Shoe Co Building, St. Louis, 1901
709:Silk Exchange Building, St. Louis (1901)
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157:Taylor establishes his own firm, 1881–87
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1296:"Consumer Price Index (estimate) 1800–"
1044:Catlin-Morton Building, St. Louis, 1901
620:Planter's House Hotel, St. Louis (1894)
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801:National Hotel, Peoria, Illinois, 1887
509:Columbia Box Company, St. Louis (1906)
1294:Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis.
1139:St. Louis: Virginia Publishing, 1994.
735:Chauncey Ladd House, St. Louis (1905)
676:Interstate Building, St. Louis (1892)
623:Union Station Hotel, St. Louis (1894)
538:St. Louis Illuminating Company (1885)
524:Folsom Avenue Plant, St. Louis (1896)
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1068:Peters Shoe Company, St. Louis, 1901
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703:Nicholson Building, St. Louis (1893)
691:Rice-Stix building, St. Louis {1889)
636:Forestry, Fishery, and Game Building
463:American Architect and Building News
888:Oriental Hotel, Dallas, Texas, 1890
732:R.G. Carson House, St. Louis (1893)
670:Columbia Building, St. Louis (1890)
664:Aberdeen Building, St. Louis (1907)
658:
361:Return to private practice, 1905–17
13:
1116:Aberdeen Building, St. Louis, 1907
741:J.M. Sloan House, St. Louis (1906)
682:LaSalle Building, St. Louis (1909)
679:Kennard Building, St. Louis (1900)
673:DeMenil Building, St. Louis (1893)
521:Liggett and Myers Tobacco Company
344:As World's Fair architect, 1901–04
14:
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936:DeMenil Building, St. Louis, 1893
706:Rialto Building, St. Louis (1892)
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924:Rialto Building, St. Louis, 1892
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697:Mills Building, St. Louis (1906)
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299:Florida International University
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948:Planters Hotel, St. Louis, 1894
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1203:26, no. 5 (November 1917), 36.
1177:17, no. 4 (Winter 2011): 1-10.
546:Government and civic buildings
408:. The central loggia included
129:Early life and career, 1850–81
1:
1397:Saint Louis University alumni
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119:Louisiana Purchase Exposition
1288:American Antiquarian Society
1268:American Antiquarian Society
765:Beers Hotel, St. Louis, 1884
645:Livestock Exhibition Complex
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493:Southern Illinois University
443:Southern Illinois University
7:
1317:The City of St. Louis Today
1199:"Isaac Stacker Taylor," in
554:City Jail, St. Louis (1910)
406:Missouri Historical Society
10:
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1170:. St Louis: Finbar, 1992.
852:Building, St. Louis, 1889
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1392:Architects from Missouri
639:Grandview Inn (off-site)
351:Emmanuel Louis Masqueray
273:structure punctuated by
190:Mature career, 1888–1901
648:Missouri State Building
402:Missouri History Museum
1359:"Remembering Old Main"
1331:(24 August 1889), 858.
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581:Grand National Hotel,
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1201:The Western Architect
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642:Horticulture Building
486:Educational buildings
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412:'s huge sculpture of
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291:Planter's House Hotel
277:and large projecting
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1361:, Codell Rodriguez,
1142:Bryan, John Albury.
654:Statler's Inside Inn
633:Agriculture Building
391:Government buildings
143:St. Louis University
44:Isaac Stacker Taylor
1363:Southern Illinoisan
499:(1887; burned 1969)
246:Liggett & Myers
216:Wainwright Building
151:Nottingham, England
1149:Francis, David R.
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326:Connections abroad
271:Romanesque Revival
255:John Wellborn Root
230:Downtown St. Louis
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16:American architect
1159:Savage, Charles.
714:Railroad stations
595:Monterrey House,
241:Mississippi River
147:George I. Barnett
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54:December 31, 1850
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659:Office buildings
651:Service Building
609:Oriental Hotel,
604:Peoria, Illinois
602:National Hotel,
570:Crescent Hotel,
414:Thomas Jefferson
259:Rookery Building
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69:October 28, 1917
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1166:Tallent, Jeff.
1137:St. Louis Lost.
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295:The Wolfsonian
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433:List of works
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1301:February 29,
1299:. Retrieved
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441:Old Main at
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71:(1917-10-28)
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1387:1917 deaths
1382:1850 births
1349:Summers, 9.
1272:1700–1799:
1252:1634–1699:
583:Mexico City
410:Karl Bitter
303:Miami Beach
275:bay windows
237:Eads Bridge
60:, Tennessee
1376:Categories
1233:Simmons, 2
1182:References
724:Residences
497:Carbondale
447:Carbondale
214:'s famous
85:Occupation
79:, Missouri
50:1850-12-31
597:Monterrey
504:Factories
310:newspaper
239:over the
220:Milwaukee
107:architect
88:Architect
77:St. Louis
58:Nashville
1277:(1992).
1257:(1997).
585:, D.F.,
576:Arkansas
459:Republic
319:Republic
752:Gallery
335:design.
279:cornice
263:Chicago
250:granite
224:Chicago
617:(1890)
611:Dallas
606:(1887)
589:(1892)
587:Mexico
578:(1885)
565:Hotels
1284:(PDF)
1264:(PDF)
1243:1983.
615:Texas
445:, in
95:Isaac
1303:2024
66:Died
40:Born
495:),
301:in
261:in
257:'s
99:Ike
1378::
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48:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
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