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In 1738, Royall married
Elizabeth McIntosh, the 15-year old daughter of a friend of Royall's father. The marriage was advantageous and confirmed Royall's status as a member of the New England elite. Royall and Elizabeth had three daughters, Elizabeth (who died as a child), Mary, and Elizabeth. He
97:." Royall's father played a role in the crackdown; " executed individuals were held in bondage by a total of 60 different individuals and estates," including Hector, an enslaved overseer who was owned by Royall's father. When Hector was burned at the stake, Isaac received £70 in compensation.
413:
was pressured by students to create a committee of students, university employees, and alumni, which recommended that the seal be changed. In 2016, Harvard Law School officially removed their seal and subsequently replaced it with a new design. Royall's estate, now known as the
156:
After Royall's father died in 1739, Royall, then twenty years old, inherited his estate, alternatively described as "immense" or "small but prosperous", and he renamed Ten Hills Farm as "Royallville". Like his father, Royall worked as a merchant and profited greatly from his
366:(one of the 64 slaves they owned in Medford) and directed she be paid a pension funded by his estate. Belinda "had to petition the Massachusetts legislature six times to receive her due." Her successful 1783 lawsuit became one of the first instances of
133:. When they moved to Massachusetts, the Royall family brought at least 27 slaves which them, making them "the largest slaveholding family" in the colony. From 1732 to 1737, Royall's uncle had gradually remodelled Ten Hills Farm to include a three-story
334:, instructing a friend to sell his slaves in Medford to finance his exile in England. After a year in Nova Scotia, Royall joined his daughters' families in England. He died there of smallpox in 1781.
1118:
1123:
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epidemic in 1737 severely impacted the Royall family's finances. In 1737, the Royall family returned to
Massachusetts, with Royall's father having purchased a 500-acre estate near the
401:
In 2016, the seal became the object of controversy due to Royall's ownership of slaves. A group of
Harvard students operating under the name "Royall Must Fall" (inspired by the
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161:
in
Antigua. His financial activites, which included real estate investments, slave trading, and the ownership of slaves, made Royall one of the wealthiest people in the
795:
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370:. In Royall's will, he also left land to Harvard College to help the institution establish its first law professorship. This bequest led to the founding of
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among the colony's slaves, and responded with a brutal crackdown; " total of 132 enslaved persons were convicted, and 88 executed: five by being
831:
Oil on canvas, Museum of Fine Arts, Boston. See also Nika Elder (2021), "In the Flesh: John
Singleton Copley's Royall Portraits and Whiteness,"
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277:
completed a group portrait that depicted Royall with his wife, sister
Penelope, sister-in-law Mary McIntosh Palmer, and daughter Elizabeth.
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963:
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for each of
Harvard's graduate schools. For Harvard Law School, la Rose incorporated Royall's coat of arms, which was azure with three
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33:(1719 – 1781) was an Antiguan-born merchant, politician, slave trader and military officer who spent the majority of his life in the
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409:) organized to have the seal removed. After several racist incidents involving members of Harvard Law School, the school's dean
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673:"Recommendation to the President and Fellows of Harvard College on the Shield Approved for the Law School
418:, currently serves as a museum and historic site. It includes the only surviving example of freestanding
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in 1752, remaining there until 1774, along with being appointed to the honorary military rank of
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330:, the first military engagement of the war. Failing to secure passage to Antigua, he sailed to
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81:. In 1736, when Royall was 17, British colonial officials in Antigua gained wind of a planned
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580:(as cited on FamilySearch) until 1677, after his family moved from Maine to Massachusetts.
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964:"An Open Letter to Dean Minow from Students of Harvard Law School: Royall Must Fall"
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Sources vary from 1672 to 1677 on his birth; however, it is notable that he was not
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in 1732. The estate was originally owned and named by the colony's first governor,
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neared, Royall's daughters left for
England. Although he was sympathetic to the
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354:, which was discontinued in 2016 because it incorporated Royall's coat of arms.
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900:"Harvard Law Students Urge Removal of Slaveholder Reference From School Seal"
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219:(returning his salaries to the town treasury). He was also appointed to the
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Johnson, Antuan; Clayborne, Alexander; Cuddihy, Sean (November 20, 2015).
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Find primary sources for the Royall family attached to the profile of
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174:
90:
489:. The Royall House & Slave Quarters. 2023. Accessed 2 Mar 2023.
105:
Concomitantly, a series of events which affected
Antigua, such as a
677:, Bondmen and Rebels: A Study of Master-Slave Relations in Antigua.
114:
816:
Oil on canvas, National
Portrait Gallery, Smithsonian Institution.
553:
On the Battlefield of Merit: Harvard Law School, the First Century
254:
199:
painting of Royall's daughters Mary and Elizabeth Royall by Copley
505:
Black Walden: Slavery and Its Aftermath in Concord, Massachusetts
244:
146:
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53:
to Isaac Royall Sr. and Elizabeth Browne. His father was born in
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27:
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Slavery in the Age of Reason: Archaeology at a New England Farm
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in 1675. Isaac had eventually settled in Antigua, purchasing a
1119:
Members of the colonial Massachusetts House of Representatives
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58:
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Manuscript Map of the Ten Hills (Medford, MA), October 1637.
920:
Duehren, Andrew M.; Parker, Claire E. (February 23, 2016).
703:
150:
203:
Royall also entered into a political career, serving as a
1021:
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1002:"Harvard Law School scraps official crest in slavery row"
922:"Law School Committee Prepares to Release Report on Seal"
70:
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Members of the colonial Massachusetts Governor's Council
690:
Massachusetts Historical Society. Retrieved 1 Nov. 2022.
941:
658:"The Royalls and the Antigua Slave Conspiracy of 1736,"
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commissioned several paintings of his family; in 1741,
675:(3 March 2016), p. 3, citing David Barry Gaspar (1985)
378:'s tercentenary, Harvard alumnus and former professor
137:(expanded from an earlier, more modest structure), a
847:(2022), Harvard Law School Shield Exhibit. See also
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318:, Royall's wealth was based on his ties to powerful
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and furniture from abroad, traveled in an elaborate
1139:People of Massachusetts in the American Revolution
550:Coquillette, Daniel R.; Kimball, Bruce A. (2015).
549:
526:
326:. Royall fled Medford just three days before the
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1084:Colonial American expatriates in Great Britain
281:painted Royall's daughters Mary and Elizabeth
1069:Antigua and Barbuda people of English descent
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910:
743:. University of Tennessee Press. p. 60.
1104:Education controversies in the United States
556:. Harvard University Press. pp. 81–83.
394:. The armorial bearings were adopted by the
368:reparations for slavery in the United States
893:
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800:oil on canvas, Museum of Fine Arts, Boston.
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784:(2022). Harvard Law School Shield Exhibit.
69:on the island in 1700; he also traded in
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396:President and Fellows of Harvard College
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310:Elizabeth died in 1770. In 1775, as the
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1089:Colonial American justices of the peace
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1129:People from Saint John Parish, Antigua
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981:Kennedy, Randall (November 27, 2015).
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1149:Merchants from colonial Massachusetts
1022:"The Royall House and Slave Quarters"
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185:footmen, and hosted lavish parties.
898:Gershman, Jacob (November 5, 2015).
736:
653:
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113:in 1733, earthquakes in 1735, and a
1114:Immigrants to the Thirteen Colonies
1059:18th-century American slave traders
878:and Alicia Rivera (20 Sept. 2009),
863:"Belinda Sutton and Her Petitions,"
13:
853:(2022), Harvard University, p. 19.
825:Copley, John Singleton (c. 1769).
809:Copley, John Singleton (1767-68).
793:Copley, John Singleton (c. 1758),
770:
243:in Massachusetts, and served as a
14:
1160:
850:Harvard and the Legacy of Slavery
845:"The Legacy of Isaac Royall, Jr."
782:"The Legacy of Isaac Royall, Jr."
707:Royall House & Slave Quarters
648:
608:Royall House & Slave Quarters
225:Brigadier General of the Province
215:, and represented Medford in the
1079:Antigua and Barbuda slave owners
1000:Coughlan, Sean (March 4, 2016).
866:Royall House and Slave Quarters.
661:Royall House and Slave Quarters.
510:University of Pennsylvania Press
464:
450:
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328:Battles of Lexington and Concord
221:Massachusetts Governor's Council
1144:University and college founders
1074:Antigua and Barbuda Protestants
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638:Harvard BlackLetter Law Journal
374:in 1817. In 1936, to celebrate
362:, Royall emancipated his slave
265:painting of Royall's family by
45:Royall was born in 1719 in the
704:"Welcome to the Royall House."
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35:Province of Massachusetts Bay
20:A 1769 portrait of Royall by
873:The Mark of Belinda Royall,"
709:. Retrieved 5 November 2022.
7:
983:"Black Tape at Harvard Law"
876:Medford Historical Society,
737:Chan, Alexandra A. (2007).
235:. Royall also held pews at
217:Massachusetts General Court
10:
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1134:Selectmen in Massachusetts
1094:Colonial American generals
880:"Belinda Royall (1712-?),"
380:Pierre de Chaignon la Rose
312:American Revolutionary War
1109:Harvard Law School people
1064:American militia officers
812:Elizabeth Mcintosh Royall
796:Mary and Elizabeth Royall
720:"Isaac Royall and family"
337:
63:Dorchester, Massachusetts
631:"My Isaac Royall Legacy"
885:Retrieved 4 Nov. 2022.
663:Retrieved 4 Nov. 2022.
629:Halley, Janet (2008).
502:Lemire, Elise (2009).
424:Northern United States
355:
269:
209:Medford, Massachusetts
200:
24:
726:. Harvard University.
345:
295:, and Royall himself
288:, his wife Elizabeth
279:John Singleton Copley
257:
249:Massachusetts Militia
191:
101:Life in Massachusetts
22:John Singleton Copley
19:
1099:Deaths from smallpox
970:. November 18, 2015.
458:North America portal
444:United States portal
306:Later life and death
205:justice of the peace
163:New England Colonies
95:burning at the stake
904:Wall Street Journal
87:broken on the wheel
968:Harvard Law Record
944:"Royall Must Fall"
416:Isaac Royall House
376:Harvard University
372:Harvard Law School
356:
352:Harvard Law School
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233:Board of Overseers
207:, the chairman of
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149:, and a number of
25:
835:44.5, p. 948-977.
767:at Family Search.
173:and high-quality
61:before moving to
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472:Biography portal
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159:sugar plantation
135:Georgian mansion
67:slave plantation
31:Isaac Royall Jr.
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229:Harvard College
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165:. He purchased
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364:Belinda Royall
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139:carriage house
127:Ten Hills Farm
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57:in modern-day
55:North Yarmouth
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724:HOLLIS Images
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700:"The Royalls"
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407:South Africa
405:movement in
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384:coat of arms
358:In his 1779
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348:coat of arms
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213:select board
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119:Mystic River
104:
93:, and 77 by
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1054:1781 deaths
1049:1719 births
833:Art History
487:The Royalls
346:The former
332:Nova Scotia
300: 1769
293: 1767
286: 1758
275:Robert Feke
267:Robert Feke
263: 1741
197: 1758
171:Paul Revere
123:Charlestown
109:in 1725, a
1043:Categories
644:: 117–131.
614:5 November
578:christened
430:References
41:Early life
868:See also
390:of wheat
324:the Crown
175:porcelain
125:known as
111:hurricane
91:gibbeting
89:, six by
382:created
320:Loyalist
183:liveried
115:smallpox
422:in the
388:sheaves
247:in the
245:colonel
147:kitchen
107:drought
51:Antigua
28:Colonel
747:
560:
516:
338:Legacy
143:stable
79:slaves
77:, and
634:(PDF)
181:with
179:coach
169:from
151:barns
75:sugar
59:Maine
1029:2012
745:ISBN
702:and
616:2022
558:ISBN
514:ISBN
360:will
239:and
141:, a
1007:BBC
398:.
350:of
251:.
231:'s
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121:in
71:rum
49:of
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585:^
528:^
494:^
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392:Or
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297:c.
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283:c.
260:c.
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
