40:
191:
Structurally, however, the poem follows the standard 7–5 pattern of
Japanese poetry (with one hypometric line), and in modern times it is generally written that way, in contexts where line breaks are used. The text of the poem in
1169:, which is at the top of the forested hill that this road climbs. While the narrow road has been modernized over the years, care has been taken to keep the number of curves constant.
671:. The difference in reading depends on the intention of the rendering: keeping closer to the original, or keeping closer to modern usage.
1674:
1640:
1343:
1468:
912:
891:
meaning the third model). Other examples include subsection ordering in documents, seat numbering in theaters, and showing
1565:
1115:, often in katakana) itself can mean "the basics" in Japanese, comparable to the term "the ABCs" in English. Similarly,
751:
1436:
858:
609:). Due to phonological changes over history, the pangram poem no longer matches today's pronunciation of modern kana.
1664:
39:
1165:, is named for the poem because it has 48 corners. The route was popular with Buddhist pilgrims on their way to
1621:
1461:
605:
1679:
596:
883:
633:
592:
584:
588:
534:
1349:
1079:
719:), which means "to die without wrong-doing". It is thought that this might be a eulogy in praise of
1689:
1454:
1659:
1616:
1156:
1191:) (774–835). However, this is unlikely as it is believed that in his time there were separate
20:
1492:
108:(794–1179). The first record of its existence dates from 1079. It is famous because it is a
1083:
8:
1585:
1307:
703:
Komatsu Hideo has revealed that the last mora of each line of the Man'yō-gana original (
1669:
1337:
826:... and so on for each kana used in Japanese. Although the earliest known copy of the
754:). For this reason, the poem was frequently used as an ordering of the kana until the
645:("being intoxicated; intoxication") may be read in modern kana pronunciation as either
156:
1684:
1578:
1432:
877:(less than 500 tonnes). Also, Japanese tanks had official designations partly using
566:
93:
1162:
1300:
569:
101:
1166:
166:
1499:
1477:
892:
109:
1429:
The
Weaving of Mantra: Kûkai and the Construction of Esoteric Buddhist Discourse
1101:
Some
Japanese expressions are only understandable when one has knowledge of the
723:, further supporting the notion that the Iroha was written after Kūkai's death.
104:, but more modern research has found the date of composition to be later in the
911:
sequence is still used today in many areas with long traditions. Most notably,
1653:
1506:
1324:
1226:
1143:
16:
Early Middle
Japanese pangram poem, composed before 1079 in the Heian period
1571:
1252:
961:
862:
577:
105:
1330:
1319:
676:
1078:
is also used in numbering the classes of the conventional train cars of
636:
in the 10th century, slightly before the poem was written down in 1079.
1383:
A Case Study in
Diachronic Phonology: The Japanese Onbin Sound Changes
1346:, commonly used English phrase with every letter in the Latin alphabet
845:
sequence was commonly used as a system of showing order, similarly to
758:
reforms in the 19th century. Around 1890, with the publication of the
1340:, the traditional arrangement of the letters of the Javanese alphabet
755:
629:
207:
199:
117:
1592:
1541:
780:
1626:
1178:
973:
791:
663:, the modern reading after sound changes caused the base verb form
613:
530:
248:
236:
193:
1446:
1182:
720:
97:
1261:
573:
1147:, a traditional card game, is still sold as an educational toy.
649:, the archaic pronunciation based on the original kana spelling
1177:
Authorship is traditionally ascribed to the Heian era
Japanese
965:
790:, literally "fifty sounds") ordering system, which is based on
731:
The Iroha contains every kana only once, with the exception of
1352:, Chinese poem with similar function, especially used in Korea
1548:
1534:
1527:
1520:
1513:
244:
162:
896:
834:
was considered too scholarly and had not been widely used.
113:
919:
for lower-level subsection ordering purposes, for example
698: intoxicated, in the world of shallow dreams.
694: of the deep mountains of evanescent existence
44:
Firefighters' insignia organized according to the Iroha.
565:), which are now only used in proper names and certain
116:
exactly once. Because of this, it is also used as an
686: the form of a flower has scattered away
572:. Modern writing uses voiced consonant marks (with
1258:When all creation and destruction are extinguished
709:), when put together, reveals a hidden sentence,
580:in the spoken Japanese language in the Heian era.
1651:
165:each, and one with five. It was also written in
1204:
1186:
1154:
1130:
1120:
1110:
1064:
1056:
1048:
1040:
1032:
1024:
1016:
920:
785:
773:
763:
742:
732:
714:
704:
650:
640:
623:
617:
552:
538:
499:
487:
467:
455:
435:
423:
403:
391:
371:
359:
339:
327:
307:
295:
275:
263:
205:
197:
150:
85:
1462:
750:in writing until the early 20th century (see
96:poem. Originally the poem was attributed to
696:We shall never allow ourselves to drift away
1344:The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog
1256:That's the law of creation and destruction.
1224:is a transformation of these verses in the
690: of this world remain unchanged?
1469:
1455:
120:for the syllabary, in the same way as the
1393:
1391:
1161:), a one-way switchback mountain road in
1125:) means "the most basic element of all".
865:had official designations beginning with
599:) before the occurrence of the so-called
482:And we shall not have superficial dreams
1610:Individuals and groups of Japanese poets
212:but without voiced consonant marks) is:
929:). In official translation to English,
1652:
1388:
1094:is second class (now "Green car") and
144:The first appearance of the Iroha, in
1450:
1334:, Sanskrit poem with similar function
1098:is third class (standard carriages).
925:(Article 49, Section 2, Subsection 1-
869:(displacement 1,000 tonnes or more),
794:, became more common. It begins with
1271:
741:), which was not distinguished from
675:An English translation by Professor
136:... sequence of the Latin alphabet.
1566:List of Japanese poetry anthologies
1476:
1426:
1409:
1397:
1369:
1213:) above would have been pronounced
841:in education and dictionaries, the
684:Although its scent still lingers on
576:). This is used as an indicator of
161:was in seven lines: six with seven
112:, containing each character of the
13:
1675:Articles containing Japanese poems
1313:
14:
1701:
1217:, making the pangram incomplete.
1090:is first class (no longer used),
859:Imperial Japanese Navy submarines
692:Arriving today at the yonder side
591:) was historically pronounced as
1385:. Aarhus University Press. p. 73
38:
1232:
1203:columns of the kana table. The
902:
603:(“'H'-row (kana) sound shift”,
171:
1622:Thirty-Six Immortals of Poetry
1617:Japanese poets (category list)
1403:
1375:
1363:
1269:The above in Japanese is read
659:in Classical Japanese), or as
1:
1431:. Columbia University Press.
1419:
913:Japanese laws and regulations
857:... in English. For example,
837:Even after widespread use of
418:The deep mountains of karma—
290:Even the blossoming flowers
1559:Poetry works and collections
597:voiceless bilabial fricative
7:
1381:Frellesvig, Bjarke (1995).
1293:
1139:") means "the very first".
589:voiceless glottal fricative
386:Shall always be? (= つねなろう)
214:
10:
1706:
1350:Thousand Character Classic
1080:Japanese National Railways
225:
18:
1635:
1609:
1558:
1484:
1260:That ultimate stillness (
1205:
1187:
1172:
1155:
1131:
1121:
1111:
1065:
1057:
1049:
1041:
1033:
1025:
1017:
921:
873:(500 to 999 tonnes), and
786:
774:
764:
743:
733:
715:
705:
651:
641:
624:
618:
604:
553:
539:
500:
488:
468:
456:
436:
424:
404:
392:
372:
360:
340:
328:
308:
296:
276:
264:
223:
220:
217:
206:
198:
151:
86:
67:
59:
53:
49:
37:
30:
1356:
726:
322:Will eventually scatter
1665:Japanese writing system
688:For whom will the glory
146:Konkōmyōsaishōōkyō Ongi
139:
1291:
1267:
1246:which translates into
1244:
752:Japanese script reform
701:
639:Note 1: The verb form
189:
21:Iroha (disambiguation)
1427:Abe, Ryuichi (1999).
1248:
681:
1304:(an earlier pangram)
1220:It is said that the
941:... are replaced by
830:predated the Iroha,
778:) dictionaries, the
450:We cross them today
19:For other uses, see
1680:Constrained writing
1641:Articles with poems
1372:, pp. 392, 398
1308:Japanese literature
1181:priest and scholar
983:
970:i ro ha ni ho he to
895:moves in diagrams (
557:(historic Japanese
543:(historic Japanese
535:historical hiragana
979:
881:ordering, such as
711:toka nakute shisu
157:Golden Light Sutra
114:Japanese syllabary
1647:
1646:
1264:) is true bliss.
1135:, "number one of
1073:
1072:
523:
522:
354:Who in our world
100:, the founder of
75:
74:
1697:
1636:Individual poems
1471:
1464:
1457:
1448:
1447:
1442:
1413:
1407:
1401:
1395:
1386:
1379:
1373:
1367:
1301:Ametsuchi no Uta
1208:
1207:
1190:
1189:
1160:
1159:
1134:
1133:
1124:
1123:
1114:
1113:
1068:
1067:
1060:
1059:
1052:
1051:
1044:
1043:
1036:
1035:
1028:
1027:
1020:
1019:
984:
978:
924:
923:
863:Second World War
789:
788:
777:
776:
767:
766:
746:
745:
736:
735:
718:
717:
708:
707:
654:
653:
644:
643:
635:
632:had merged into
627:
626:
621:
620:
608:
594:
586:
556:
555:
542:
541:
519:Nor be deluded.
503:
502:
491:
490:
471:
470:
459:
458:
439:
438:
427:
426:
407:
406:
395:
394:
375:
374:
363:
362:
347:Wa ga yo tare zo
343:
342:
335:Wa ka yo tare so
331:
330:
311:
310:
299:
298:
279:
278:
267:
266:
215:
211:
210:
203:
202:
160:
154:
153:
102:Shingon Buddhism
91:
89:
88:
55:
42:
33:
28:
27:
1705:
1704:
1700:
1699:
1698:
1696:
1695:
1694:
1690:Buddhist poetry
1650:
1649:
1648:
1643:
1631:
1605:
1554:
1480:
1478:Japanese poetry
1475:
1445:
1439:
1422:
1417:
1416:
1408:
1404:
1396:
1389:
1380:
1376:
1368:
1364:
1359:
1316:
1314:Other languages
1296:
1290:
1287:Jakumetsu iraku
1285:
1283:Shōmetsu metsui
1281:
1277:
1266:
1259:
1257:
1255:
1243:
1240:
1238:
1236:
1175:
915:officially use
905:
760:Wakun no Shiori
729:
700:
697:
695:
693:
691:
689:
687:
685:
587:in Japanese (a
510:
475:Asaki yume miji
463:Asaki yume misi
271:Iro fa nifofeto
241:transliteration
188:
185:
183:
181:
179:
177:
175:
155:, 'Readings of
148:
142:
110:perfect pangram
83:
45:
31:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1703:
1693:
1692:
1687:
1682:
1677:
1672:
1667:
1662:
1660:Japanese poems
1645:
1644:
1639:
1637:
1633:
1632:
1630:
1629:
1624:
1619:
1613:
1611:
1607:
1606:
1604:
1603:
1596:
1589:
1586:Nijūichidaishū
1582:
1575:
1568:
1562:
1560:
1556:
1555:
1553:
1552:
1545:
1538:
1531:
1524:
1517:
1510:
1503:
1496:
1488:
1486:
1482:
1481:
1474:
1473:
1466:
1459:
1451:
1444:
1443:
1437:
1423:
1421:
1418:
1415:
1414:
1402:
1387:
1374:
1361:
1360:
1358:
1355:
1354:
1353:
1347:
1341:
1335:
1327:
1322:
1315:
1312:
1311:
1310:
1305:
1295:
1292:
1272:
1249:
1233:
1195:sounds in the
1174:
1171:
1163:Nikkō, Tochigi
1082:(now known as
1071:
1070:
1062:
1054:
1046:
1038:
1030:
1022:
1014:
1010:
1009:
1006:
1003:
1000:
997:
994:
991:
988:
960:In music, the
904:
901:
728:
725:
682:
673:
672:
637:
610:
583:The consonant
581:
521:
520:
517:
514:
504:
497:
492:
484:
483:
480:
477:
472:
465:
460:
452:
451:
448:
445:
440:
433:
428:
420:
419:
416:
413:
408:
401:
399:Uwi no okuyama
396:
388:
387:
384:
381:
376:
369:
364:
356:
355:
352:
349:
344:
337:
332:
324:
323:
320:
317:
312:
305:
300:
292:
291:
288:
285:
280:
273:
268:
260:
259:
257:
254:
251:
242:
239:
233:
232:
229:
224:Ordering (see
222:
219:
196:(with archaic
172:
141:
138:
73:
72:
69:
65:
64:
61:
57:
56:
51:
50:Original title
47:
46:
43:
35:
34:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1702:
1691:
1688:
1686:
1683:
1681:
1678:
1676:
1673:
1671:
1668:
1666:
1663:
1661:
1658:
1657:
1655:
1642:
1638:
1634:
1628:
1625:
1623:
1620:
1618:
1615:
1614:
1612:
1608:
1602:
1601:
1597:
1595:
1594:
1590:
1588:
1587:
1583:
1581:
1580:
1576:
1574:
1573:
1569:
1567:
1564:
1563:
1561:
1557:
1551:
1550:
1546:
1544:
1543:
1539:
1537:
1536:
1532:
1530:
1529:
1525:
1523:
1522:
1518:
1516:
1515:
1511:
1509:
1508:
1504:
1502:
1501:
1497:
1495:
1494:
1490:
1489:
1487:
1483:
1479:
1472:
1467:
1465:
1460:
1458:
1453:
1452:
1449:
1440:
1438:0-231-11286-6
1434:
1430:
1425:
1424:
1412:, p. 392
1411:
1406:
1400:, p. 398
1399:
1394:
1392:
1384:
1378:
1371:
1366:
1362:
1351:
1348:
1345:
1342:
1339:
1336:
1333:
1332:
1328:
1326:
1325:Alphabet song
1323:
1321:
1318:
1317:
1309:
1306:
1303:
1302:
1298:
1297:
1289:
1288:
1284:
1280:
1276:
1270:
1265:
1263:
1254:
1251:All acts are
1247:
1242:
1231:
1229:
1228:
1227:Nirvana Sutra
1223:
1218:
1216:
1212:
1202:
1198:
1194:
1184:
1180:
1170:
1168:
1167:Lake Chūzenji
1164:
1158:
1152:
1148:
1146:
1145:
1140:
1138:
1128:
1118:
1108:
1104:
1099:
1097:
1093:
1089:
1085:
1081:
1077:
1063:
1055:
1047:
1039:
1031:
1023:
1015:
1012:
1011:
1007:
1004:
1001:
998:
995:
992:
989:
986:
985:
982:
981:Musical notes
977:
975:
972:, written in
971:
967:
963:
958:
956:
952:
948:
944:
940:
936:
932:
928:
918:
914:
910:
900:
898:
894:
890:
886:
885:
880:
876:
872:
868:
864:
860:
856:
852:
848:
844:
840:
835:
833:
829:
825:
821:
817:
813:
809:
805:
801:
797:
793:
783:
782:
771:
761:
757:
753:
749:
740:
724:
722:
712:
699:
680:
678:
670:
666:
662:
658:
648:
638:
631:
615:
611:
607:
602:
598:
590:
582:
579:
578:sound changes
575:
571:
570:orthographies
568:
564:
560:
550:
546:
536:
532:
528:
527:
526:
518:
515:
513:
508:
505:
498:
496:
493:
486:
485:
481:
478:
476:
473:
466:
464:
461:
454:
453:
449:
446:
444:
441:
434:
432:
429:
422:
421:
417:
414:
412:
411:Ui no okuyama
409:
402:
400:
397:
390:
389:
385:
382:
380:
377:
370:
368:
365:
358:
357:
353:
350:
348:
345:
338:
336:
333:
326:
325:
321:
318:
316:
313:
306:
304:
301:
294:
293:
289:
286:
284:
283:Iro wa nioedo
281:
274:
272:
269:
262:
261:
258:
255:
253:pronunciation
252:
250:
246:
243:
240:
238:
235:
234:
230:
227:
216:
213:
209:
201:
195:
187:
170:
168:
164:
158:
147:
137:
135:
131:
127:
123:
119:
115:
111:
107:
103:
99:
95:
82:
81:
70:
66:
62:
58:
52:
48:
41:
36:
29:
26:
22:
1599:
1598:
1591:
1584:
1577:
1570:
1547:
1540:
1533:
1526:
1519:
1512:
1505:
1498:
1491:
1428:
1405:
1382:
1377:
1365:
1329:
1299:
1286:
1282:
1278:
1274:
1273:
1268:
1250:
1245:
1234:
1225:
1221:
1219:
1214:
1210:
1200:
1196:
1192:
1176:
1150:
1149:
1144:Iroha karuta
1142:
1141:
1136:
1127:I no ichiban
1126:
1116:
1106:
1102:
1100:
1095:
1091:
1087:
1075:
1074:
980:
969:
959:
954:
950:
946:
942:
938:
934:
930:
926:
922:第四十九条第二項第一号ロ
916:
908:
906:
903:Current uses
888:
882:
878:
874:
870:
866:
854:
850:
846:
842:
838:
836:
831:
827:
823:
819:
815:
811:
807:
803:
799:
795:
779:
769:
759:
747:
738:
730:
710:
702:
683:
674:
668:
667:to shift to
664:
660:
656:
646:
600:
562:
558:
548:
544:
524:
511:
506:
495:Wefi mo sesu
494:
474:
462:
442:
430:
410:
398:
378:
366:
346:
334:
314:
302:
282:
270:
231:Translation
190:
173:
145:
143:
133:
129:
125:
121:
106:Heian period
79:
78:
76:
25:
1485:Major forms
1331:Shiva Sutra
1320:Abecedarius
1279:Zeshō meppō
1275:Shogyō mujō
1253:impermanent
1105:. The word
955:49(2)(i)(b)
861:during the
677:Ryuichi Abe
601:hagyō tenko
525:Note that:
512:Yoi mo sezu
431:Kefu koyete
379:Tsune naran
367:Tune naramu
315:Chirinuru o
303:Tirinuru wo
1654:Categories
1420:References
1410:Abe (1999)
1398:Abe (1999)
1370:Abe (1999)
1338:Hanacaraka
1117:Iroha no i
968:are named
953:... as in
679:reads as:
507:Ei mo sezu
167:man'yōgana
1670:Collation
1579:Man'yōshū
1151:Irohazaka
1013:Japanese
756:Meiji era
612:The mora
561:, modern
547:, modern
529:Archaic,
443:Kyō koete
152:金光明最勝王経音義
1685:Pangrams
1627:Rokkasen
1294:See also
1179:Buddhist
974:katakana
792:Sanskrit
567:Okinawan
531:obsolete
249:hiragana
237:hiragana
194:hiragana
118:ordering
94:Japanese
71:Japanese
68:Language
1572:Kaifūsō
1262:nirvana
987:English
706:止加那久天之須
616:(spelt
574:dakuten
457:あさきゆめみし
393:うゐのおくやま
265:いろはにほへと
256:numbers
218:Archaic
184:阿佐伎喩女美之
182:耶万計不己衣天
180:良牟有為能於久
178:餘多連曽津祢那
176:千利奴流乎和加
174:以呂波耳本部止
60:Country
1593:Kai Ōi
1542:senryū
1500:kanshi
1493:haikai
1435:
1173:Origin
966:octave
964:of an
884:Chi-ha
839:gojūon
832:gojūon
828:gojūon
781:gojūon
770:Genkai
768:) and
716:咎無くて死す
628:) and
622:&
551:) and
533:, and
329:わかよたれそ
221:Modern
186:恵比毛勢須
1600:Iroha
1549:tanka
1535:renku
1528:renga
1521:hokku
1514:haiku
1357:Notes
1241:寂滅為楽
1222:Iroha
1183:Kūkai
1122:イロハのイ
1107:iroha
1103:Iroha
1076:Iroha
1069:(to)
1061:(he)
1053:(ho)
1045:(ni)
1037:(ha)
1029:(ro)
962:notes
917:Iroha
909:Iroha
879:Iroha
843:Iroha
814:then
727:Usage
721:Kūkai
537:uses
516:43–47
501:酔いもせず
489:ゑひもせす
479:36–42
469:浅き夢見じ
447:31–35
437:今日越えて
425:けふこえて
415:24–30
405:有為の奥山
383:19–23
361:つねならむ
351:13–18
341:我が世誰ぞ
309:散りぬるを
297:ちりぬるを
277:色は匂えど
245:kanji
226:usage
163:morae
98:Kūkai
92:is a
80:Iroha
63:Japan
32:Iroha
1507:waka
1433:ISBN
1239:生滅滅已
1237:是生滅法
1235:諸行無常
1199:and
1157:いろは坂
1132:いの一番
1021:(i)
907:The
897:kifu
657:wefi
634:/je/
606:ハ行転呼
373:常ならん
319:8–12
247:and
204:and
140:Text
77:The
54:いろは歌
1112:イロハ
1086:).
899:).
787:五十音
765:和訓栞
669:you
661:yoi
595:(a
593:/ɸ/
585:/h/
287:1–7
87:いろは
1656::
1390:^
1230::
1215:ye
1201:ya
1188:空海
1096:Ha
1092:Ro
1084:JR
1008:G
976:.
957:.
949:,
945:,
939:ha
937:,
935:ro
933:,
927:ro
893:go
889:ha
875:Ha
871:Ro
853:,
849:,
824:ku
822:,
820:ki
818:,
816:ka
810:,
806:,
802:,
798:,
775:言海
748:mu
737:(-
665:eu
652:ゑひ
647:ei
642:酔い
630:ye
559:we
545:wi
169:.
159:')
132:,
128:,
124:,
1470:e
1463:t
1456:v
1441:.
1211:e
1209:(
1206:え
1197:a
1193:e
1185:(
1153:(
1137:i
1129:(
1119:(
1109:(
1088:I
1066:ト
1058:ヘ
1050:ホ
1042:ニ
1034:ハ
1026:ロ
1018:イ
1005:F
1002:E
999:D
996:C
993:B
990:A
951:c
947:b
943:a
931:i
887:(
867:I
855:c
851:b
847:a
812:o
808:e
804:u
800:i
796:a
784:(
772:(
762:(
744:む
739:n
734:ん
713:(
655:(
625:衣
619:え
614:e
563:e
554:ゑ
549:i
540:ゐ
509:¹
228:)
208:ゑ
200:ゐ
149:(
134:D
130:C
126:B
122:A
90:)
84:(
23:.
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