Anbar campaign (2003–2011)

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tribesman, and even offered amnesty towards Awakening tribal leaders. On 19 April, al-Masri called for a month-long offensive against US and Iraqi forces. In Anbar, that offensive may have begun four days earlier on 15 April, when 18 people (including five Iraqi police) were killed in two suicide bombings near Ramadi. On 22 April, a suicide bomber drove his vehicle into an entry-control point in Ramadi manned by over 50 Marines and Iraqi police. Two Marines engaged the driver who detonated his bomb early, killing the guards and wounding 26 Iraqis. Both Marines were posthumously awarded the Navy Cross. On 8 May, a group of insurgents crossed the Syrian border near Al Qaim and killed 11 Iraqi policemen and military officers. That same day, four Marines were killed in a roadside blast in Lahib, a farming village just east of Karmah. On 16 May, a suicide car bomber attacked a Fallujah police station, killing four and wounding nine.

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referred to them as "a cost of doing business." During Operation Steel Curtain, insurgents forced their way into peoples' houses and held them hostage while engaging in gun battles with American forces, who often destroyed the homes. One Sunni Iraqi family described how in 2006 they fled the sectarian violence in Baghdad to Hīt. During their yearlong stay in Hīt, they watched AQI fighters kidnap a man for talking back to them; the fighters later dumped the man's body on his doorstep. The family also watched an American patrol hit a mine in front of their house, and worried that the Americans would conduct reprisal killings on the family. An Iraqi sheikh spoke about how he was accidentally shot and arrested by the Americans and thrown in Abu Ghraib prison where he was tortured. After his release he was targeted by insurgents in Fallujah who thought he was an American spy.

1487:, the 82nd Airborne's commanding officer, were attacked while driving through Fallujah. On 14 February, in an incident dubbed the "Valentine's Day Massacre", insurgents overran a police station in downtown Fallujah, killing 23 to 25 policemen and freeing 75 prisoners. The next day, the Americans fired Fallujah's police chief for refusing to wear his uniform and arrested the mayor. In March, Keith Mines wrote, "there is not a single properly trained and equipped Iraqi security officer in the entire Al Anbar province." He added that security was entirely dependent on American soldiers, yet those same soldiers inflamed Sunni nationalists. That same month General Swannack gave a briefing on Anbar where he talked about improved security, declared the insurgency there was all but finished, and concluded "the future for Al Anbar in Iraq remains very bright." 3049:. General Petraeus specifically singled out Anbar Province as a major improvement, referring to the tribal uprisings there as "the most significant development of the past 8 months". He mentioned the dramatic improvements in security, stating that enemy attacks had decreased from a high of 1,350 in October 2006 to approximately 200 in August 2007. Ambassador Crocker referred to Anbar Governorate in his Congressional testimony. He was careful to credit the victory to AQI "overplay its hand" and to the tribal uprising being directed primarily against the "excesses" of AQI. He also referred to the Government of Iraq recruiting "21,000 Anbaris police roles", a carefully chosen phrase as many of them were tribal militia. The two referred to Anbar Province a total of 24 times in their testimony. 2418:

upon from a nearby house, and Wuterich's men were ordered "to take the house". Both Iraqi and Marine eyewitnesses later agreed that Wutterich's squad cleared the house (and several nearby ones) by throwing in grenades, then entering the houses and shooting the occupants. They differed over whether the killings had been permitted under the rules of engagement. The Marines claimed that the houses had been "declared hostile" and that training dictated "that all individuals in a hostile house are to be shot." Iraqis claimed the Marines had deliberately targeted civilians. In addition to the five Iraqi men killed by the sedan, nineteen other men, women, and children were killed by Wutterich's squad as they cleared the houses.

3441:, such as breaking the fingers of smokers, whipping those who drank alcohol, and banning shops from selling images of women. An Iraqi woman from Ramadi said Al-Qaeda banned women from driving or walking alone by themselves. AQI also abused local women, which antagonized some of the local tribes. Women, pretending to be seamstresses, were drafted to reconnoiter houses and report on the presence of Iraqi police in hiding. If they could not find the police, they would settle for killing their close relatives. They also murdered countless Iraqis: doctors, mullahs, college graduates, even women and children—anyone they thought might be connected to the Americans. In 2007, American Marines found several mass graves near 2741:. Devlin told Pace that the US could not militarily defeat AQI in Anbar, as "AQI has become an integral part of the social fabric of western Iraq." He added that AQI had "eliminated, subsumed, marginalized, or co-opted" all other Sunni insurgents, tribes, or government institutions in the province. Devlin believed that the only way to reestablish control over the province was to deploy an additional division to Anbar, coupled with billions of dollars of aid, or by creating a "sizeable and legally approved paramilitary force". He concluded that all the Marines had accomplished was preventing things from being "far worse". In early September, Colonel Devlin's report was leaked to 3454:

cannot build the country". Other sheikhs specifically said that the large number of killings and kidnappings by AQI prompted the tribal revolt. AQI leader Ayyub al-Masri practically admitted as much in 2008 when he ordered fighters in Anbar to avoid harming Sunnis who were not working closely with coalition forces and "not interfere in social issues". However, David Kilcullen argued that the abuses themselves may have been less of an issue than AQI disrupting the tribes' smuggling businesses, the belief that AQI was linked to Iran, and their general "high-handed" behavior. He added that, whatever the spark, there was already a perception that AQI "had it coming".

1361:. American forces near Al Qaim conducted "hard knocks" on local residents, kicking in doors and manhandling individuals, only to discover they were innocent. In an incident on 11 September, soldiers manning a checkpoint near Fallujah shot multiple rounds at both an Iraqi police truck and a nearby hospital, killing seven. Soldiers also beat and abused Iraqi detainees. There was a constant rotation of units through the governorate, which led to confusion among the American troops: Fallujah had five different battalions rotate through in five months. Summing up the initial American approach to Al Anbar, Keith Mines, the CPA diplomat in Anbar Governorate, wrote: 50: 1644: 1337: 1075: 1294: 3402: 571: 525: 310: 137: 2679:, to prepare a brief for the Iraqi government and the MEF's staff and journalists, all of whom remained skeptical about arming Sunni tribes who might someday fight the Shi'a-led government. Patriquin's brief, called "How to Win in Al Anbar", used stick figures and simple language to convey the message that recruiting tribal militias into the police force was a more effective strategy than using the US military. Ricks referred to the briefing as "perhaps the most informal one given by the US military in Iraq and the most important one." It later became a 2578:), disrupting flow of Al-Qaeda and Sunni insurgents into both cities, and killing and capturing over 300 insurgents. Action centered around Kilo Company, nicknamed "Voodoo", in the towns of Husaybah, Bidimnah, and Julaybah on the outskirts of Ramadi. Kilo Marines killed or captured 137 insurgents; 4 Marines were killed in action, and 17 were wounded. Within Kilo itself, the squad most affected was "Voodoo Mobile", the vehicle-mounted element of the unit's HQ section. Of its 16 members, 12 were wounded and 3 killed between September and November 2006. 3263: 1699:, and made up largely of insurgents who had been fighting the Marines, the brigade was supposed to maintain order in the city while allowing the US to withdraw and save face. On 10 May, General Mattis formally turned the city over and withdrew the following day. The First Battle for Fallujah had resulted in 51 US servicemen killed and 476 wounded. Iraqi losses were much higher. The Marines estimated that about 800 Iraqis were killed. Reports differed on how many were civilians: the Marines counted 300, whereas the independent organization 1966: 2398: 2633:

tribal leaders in Ramadi that their men would not be sent outside of the city, the tribes began sending men into the police force. The number of Iraqis joining the police went from 30 a month before June 2006 to 300 a month by July. AQI tried to blunt police recruitment by attacking one of the new Ramadi police stations with a car bomb on 21 August, killing three Iraqi police. They simultaneously assassinated the Sunni sheikh of the Abu Ali Jassim tribe, who had encouraged many of his tribesmen to join the

1270:, which disbanded the Iraqi Army and other security services. Both orders further antagonized the Sunnis of Anbar. Many Sunnis took great pride in the Iraqi Army and viewed its disbanding as an act of contempt towards the Iraqi people. The dissolution also put hundreds of thousands of Anbaris out of work as many were members of the Army or the party. Three days after CPA Order No. 2, Major Matthew Schram became the first American killed since the invasion in Anbar Governorate when his convoy came under 2617: 2134: 580: 2649: 3127: 2480: 560: 2449:

officers, to investigate civilian deaths. MEF commander General Stephen Johnson later said that civilian deaths occurred "all the time", and did not find the high number of deaths to be particularly unusual. He referred to the deaths as "the cost of doing business on that particular engagement." On 21 December 2006, the US military charged eight Marines in connection with the Haditha incident. Four of the eight, including Wuterich, were accused of unpremeditated murder. On 3 October 2007, the

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in Iraq may have been manufactured in Fallujah." In contrast, there were 30 large car bombs in the two months following the creation of the Fallujah Brigade, and the brigade was now seen by the US and Iraqi governments as a front for the insurgency. The suicide bombings and the hostage videos made Zarqawi the public face of the Iraqi insurgency in 2004, even though his leadership was disputed by many Sunni nationalist commanders. By late 2004 the US government's bounty on his head matched

514: 166: 3501: 2199:(MRAP) vehicles, specifically designed to withstand IED attacks, for use in Al Anbar Governorate. In his request, General Hejlik added, "The cannot continue to lose ... serious and grave casualties to IED." The Marine Corps did not formally act on the request for 21 months. Hejlik later claimed that he was referring to IEDs which "tore into the sides of vehicles", and that the Marine Corps had determined that simply adding more armored Humvees would provide adequate protection. 238: 117: 2747:. MEF commander Major General Richard Zilmer responded to press queries about the statement that Anbar Governorate was lost. Zilmer said that he agreed with the assessment, but added that his mission was only to train Iraqi security forces. He added that if he were asked to achieve a wider objective he would need more forces, but that sending more Americans to Anbar would not pacify the province—that the only path to victory was for the Sunnis to accept the Government of Iraq. 2582: 1586: 17566: 2882: 2660:. In 2004 and 2005, Sattar's father and three of his brothers had been killed by AQI, but he had refused exile. In early September, Sattar told Deane that his tribe and several others were planning to ally with the United States and throw out the Baghdad-based government. Dean informed Colonel MacFarland, who pledged to support Sattar as long as Sattar continued to back the Government of Iraq. On 9 September, Sattar and former Anbar Governor 1446:. The capture of Saddam created significant problems in Anbar: instead of weakening the insurgency, many Anbaris were outraged over what they saw as the degrading treatment of Saddam. Saddam's removal allowed the insurgency to recruit fighters who had previously opposed the Americans but had remained passive out of hatred for Saddam. As Saddam loyalists were killed or captured, leadership positions went to AQI-affiliated hardliners such as 17557: 996: 3321: 17575: 3487: 3462:

embittered towards the Americans. This later led to Iraqi outrage in 2011, when the U.S. unsuccessfully tried to negotiate a long-term presence in Iraq that would give immunity to American military personnel. Iraqis were further angered by what they perceived as a "travesty of justice" over the lack of convictions of American military personnel. Writing in the aftermath of the Haditha killings, retired U.S. Army Colonel

2959: 1632:, and their footage of dead babies in hospitals inflamed both Iraqi and world opinion. General Conway later summed up their effect on the battle by saying, "Al Jazeera kicked our ass." When the 2nd Iraqi Battalion was ordered to Fallujah, 30 percent of its soldiers refused or deserted, and within days over 80 percent of the police force and Iraqi National Guard in Anbar Governorate had deserted. After two members of the 1475:(MNF–I), claimed that the US had "made significant progress in Anbar Province." However, CPA funds for the governorate were inadequate. A brigade commander in Fallujah was allocated only $ 200,000 a month, when he estimated that it would cost at least $ 25 million to restart the city's factories, which employed tens of thousands of workers. By February, insurgent attacks were rapidly increasing. On 12 February, 17584: 2996: 3207:. By 6 October 2009, the last two Marine Regiments had left, ending the American combat presence. Experts and many Iraqis were worried that AQI might resurface and attempt mass-casualty attacks to destabilize the country. There was a spike in the number of suicide attacks, and AQI rebounded in strength through November 2009 and appeared to be launching a concerted effort to cripple the government. 1814:. In September, with the blessings of the Americans, Allawi disbanded the discredited Fallujah Brigade and privately gave the Marines permission to begin planning an offensive to retake Fallujah. In early October, Allawi stepped up his efforts, demanding that the representatives of Fallujah hand over Zarqawi or face a renewed assault. They refused. Shortly before the Marine offensive began, Sheikh 2770:, an American-led operation to clear and hold more than 30,000 square miles (78,000 km) in western Anbar. Prior to Al Majid, a previous battalion commander had observed that his unit lacked the manpower to control both the main roads and towns of the Haditha Triad, that the Iraqi Army was as blind as they were, and that the insurgents were killing anyone who spoke to Coalition forces. The 3254:

Iraqi described the American legacy as "total destruction ... you just came in, destroyed, and left." Discussing the American withdrawal, a journalist in Fallujah predicted that the Government of Iraq would continue to have trouble with Anbar Province, saying, "Anbar was where instability began in Iraq. It was where stability returned. And it is where instability could start again."

962:. More hard fighting still followed throughout the Summer of 2007 however, particularly in the rural western River Valley, due largely to its proximity to the Syrian border and the vast network of natural entry points for foreign fighters to enter Iraq, via Syria. In June 2007 the U.S. turned a majority of its attention to eastern Anbar Governorate and secured the cities of Fallujah and 2782:, released on 6 December, acknowledged that the Awakening movement had "started to take action", but concluded that "Sunni Arabs have not made the strategic decision to abandon violent insurgency in favor of the political process" and that the overall situation in Anbar was "deteriorating". On the same day, Captain Patriquin was killed by a roadside bomb in Ramadi along with Major 2207:, a replacement for the Humvee not scheduled to become operational until 2012. Some Army personnel complained that the Marines took an almost casual attitude towards IEDs. One Army officer in Ramadi complained that, after warning about the large number of IEDs on a particular route, he was told, "Unless there are people melting inside of Humvees, then it's not a real problem." 1400: 2049:. During the rest of the Anbar campaign, the insurgents never stood and fought in numbers that large. The official Marine Corps history claimed that the battle was not decisive, because most of the insurgent leadership and non-local insurgents had fled beforehand. Summing up the Marine Corps view, the United States Naval Institute's official magazine 1970: 1969: 3375:. These incidents typically occurred at both coalition checkpoints and near coalition convoys on the road. One civil affairs officer recounted two separate incidents in Ramadi where families in cars were fired on for not stopping at checkpoints: in one incident the husband was killed; in another, the wife died and a boy was critically wounded. 6246: 1971: 2091:

River Blitz, their first major offensive of the year, centered in the western Euphrates River Valley against the cities of Ramadi, Hīt, and Baghdadi. Different units adopted different strategies. In Fallujah, the Marines surrounded the city with berms, banned all vehicles, and required residents to carry identification cards. In Ramadi, the

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Anbar Governorate and Iraq, transferring American military commitments over to the United States Army's 1st Armored Division. The Army promptly merged United States Division West with United States Division – Baghdad, creating United States Division – Center to advise Iraqi forces in both Anbar and Baghdad. In December 2010, the

2899:, he requested an additional 3,000 MRAPs for Anbar and told the Joint Chiefs of Staff that he wanted to require every Marine traveling outside bases to ride in one. In April, the Deputy Commander for MEF said that in the 300 attacks on MRAPs in Anbar since January 2006, no Marines had been killed. On 8 May 2007, Secretary of Defense 3159:, had visited Haditha in March 2008). On 26 August, Iraqi leaders signed the Command and Control Memorandum of Understanding in a ceremony at the Anbar Governance Center, a step towards taking full control and responsibility for security from Coalition forces. Less than a week later, on 1 September, the transition became official. 1968: 3364:. In November 2004, 59 civilians were killed when the US bombed Fallujah's Central Health Center. In November 2006, an American airstrike in Ramadi killed 30 civilians. Some accusations, such as the alleged bombing of a Fallujah mosque in April 2004 that killed 40, were later proven to be exaggerated or false. 1684:, which expanded into a major engagement lasting the rest of the month. The Marines were able to keep their supply lines open, but withdrew for political reasons. President Bush refused to allow the resumption of the attack, but was also unhappy with the status quo, asking his commanders for "other options". 2153:(IED). In 2005, 158 Marines and soldiers were killed by IEDs or suicide bombers, more than half (58 percent) of that year's combat deaths in Anbar. These numbers reflected a nationwide trend. While IEDs had been used since the beginning of the insurgency, the early models had been crudely designed, using " 3474:" over any obligation to protect innocent life? The intellectually bankrupt policymakers who sent U.S. forces into Iraq in the first place and now see no choice but to press on? The culture that, to put it mildly, has sought neither to understand nor to empathize with people in the Arab or Islamic worlds? 2967:

Karmah after being pushed out of Baghdad. Gaskin sent one of his aides to Jordan to meet with Sheikh Mishan, head of Karmah's largest tribe, the Jumayli. Sheikh Mishan fled to Jordan in 2005 after receiving threats from AQI. Gaskin's aide was able to persuade the sheikh to return in June, partnered with

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in Ramadi, Haditha and Al Qaim following the US withdrawal from Iraqi cities on 30 June. Throughout the last months of the year, additional attacks, mainly assassinations, occurred around Fallujah and Abu Ghraib. In October, twin bombings killed 26 people and wounded 65 at a reconciliation meeting in

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In May, General Gaskin began planning to retake the city of Karmah, which sat astride a main supply route between Fallujah and Baghdad and was an important insurgent stronghold. Unlike other locales, Karmah had no definable perimeter, making it easy for outsiders to access, as when insurgents fled to

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After the initial push into Fallujah, the US argued that Zarqawi was behind a series of car bombings throughout Iraq. There had been no large car bombings in Baghdad during the siege, and enough munitions and contraband had been uncovered to conclude that many "bombs and car bombs detonated elsewhere

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was operating near Husaybah when one member of a group of Iraqis who were being searched by Dunham's squad threw a grenade at the squad. Dunham immediately threw himself on the grenade, receiving a mortal wound from the blast but saving his fellow squad members. He later became the first Marine since

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had lost over 23 Marines in just two months trying to hold the area. In addition to the berms and the help of a local strongman known as Colonel Faruq, the Marines set up checkpoints in key locations to regulate entry and exit. By early January, attacks in the Triad had dropped from 10–13 per day to

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had been riding in the convoy and immediately assumed control of the scene. Following the mine attack, the Marines stopped a white Opel sedan carrying five Iraqi men and shot them after they tried to run away, before the platoon commander arrived and took charge. The Marines say they were then fired

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resigned following the kidnapping of his two sons by Abu Musab al-Zarqawi. Barjas appeared on television and publicly apologized for "cooperation with the infidel". He was replaced by an interim governor until January 2005. The head of the Ramadi police force was subsequently arrested for complicity

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Earlier in January, AQI leader Ayyub al-Masri ordered his fighters in Anbar to "get away from the massive indiscriminate killings" and "refocus attacks on American troops, Sunnis cooperating closely with U.S. forces, and Iraq's infrastructure." AQI also ordered its fighters to avoid targeting Sunni

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and the Marines was largely sporadic but intense. While only a handful of large-scale firefights developed—mostly in the suburbs of Ramadi between Habbaniyah and Julaybah—contact between the two sides was nearly continuous. Kilo Company officers reported sniper fire on a daily basis, as well as IED

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Officials estimated they had killed between 1,000 and 1,600 insurgents and detained another 1,000 out of an estimated 1,500 to 3,000 insurgents who were believed to be in the city. Aircraft dropped 318 precision bombs, launched 391 rockets and missiles, and fired 93,000 machine gun or cannon rounds

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announced that the Marines would return to Iraq early the next year and would take over Al Anbar Governorate. As the Marines prepared to move in, there was a growing consensus that the 82nd had lost control of the area, although the only real problem was Fallujah. Some Marine commanders, like Major

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assaulted insurgent held compounds/dwellings in the fringes of Ramadi, killing an estimated dozen insurgents and capturing four. The operation turned up evidence of foreign fighters, finding actual proof of an internationalist jihadist movement. One SAS operator was killed in the operation. The SAS

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were called upon to hit a terrorist bomb-makers' house in the early hours. After trying to call him out and getting no response they stormed the house, receiving a hail of fire that left four men wounded while a terrorist from another building joined in the firefight. With helicopter support, they

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AQI also continued its assassination campaign. On 19 February, AQI tried to kill Sheikh Sattar in his compound with a pair of suicide car bombs that missed the sheikh, but killed eleven. Several days later the Habbaniyah mosque of an imam who had spoken out against AQI was hit by a suicide bomber

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As the 1st Brigade pushed into Ramadi, it began aggressively courting the local tribes for police recruits. This was critical because, according to Colonel MacFarland, "without their help, we would not be able to recruit enough police to take back the entire city." After the Americans promised the

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and were determined not to be taken alive. By 20 November, Marines had reached the southern boundary of the city, but pockets of insurgents still remained. The assault battalions divided the city into areas and crisscrossed their assigned areas in an attempt to find the insurgents. Four days later

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said that insurgents in Ramadi were receiving financing via Syria "to the tune of $ 1.2 million a month". This was disputed by a CIA officer, explaining that they "didn't see clear financing coming from Syria". The insurgency continued to enjoy broad-based support throughout Iraqi society, showing

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Following the disbanding of the Iraqi Army, insurgent activity increased, especially in Fallujah. Initially, armed resistance groups could be characterized as either Sunni nationalists who wanted to bring back the Ba'ath Party with Saddam Hussein, or anti-Saddam fighters. The first major leader of

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died at a detention facility near Al Qaim after US Army interrogators stuffed him inside a sleeping bag and beat him to death. In 2005, several members of the 82nd Airborne described how in 2003 they beat and abused prisoners at Camp Mercury, a forward operating base near Fallujah. Iraqi security

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As the Americans withdrew, many Iraqis and Americans questioned the ability of the Iraqi security forces, especially the police, to protect the province. Others expressed skepticism over whether Iran would dominate Iraq and whether the Iraqi government would be able to provide security. One angry

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In late 2008, US forces began accelerating their move out of cities across Iraq, turning over the task of maintaining security to Iraqi forces. The Marines pulled out of both Fallujah and Haditha Dam in November and December. Lance Corporal Brandon Lara from 3rd Battalion 4th Marines was the last

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crashed near Al-Rutbah on 26 January, killing all 31 Marines and sailors, most of whom were members of 1st Battalion 3rd Marines and who had survived the Second Battle of Fallujah. This was the single deadliest incident for US troops in the Iraq War. On 20 February, the Marines launched Operation

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and Secretary of Defense Donald Rumsfeld. General Conway and his staff initially urged caution, pointing out that the MEF had already developed a more nuanced long-term plan to reestablish control over Fallujah and that using overwhelming force would most likely further destabilize the city. They

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and Lieutenant Colonel Carl Mundy, criticized the Army's tactics as "hard-nosed" and "humiliating the Sunni population", promising that the Marines would act differently. Late that November, Operators from A Squadron SAS launched a heliborne assault on a remote farm in Al Anbar Governorate, after

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The United States military in Al Anbar Governorate had a series of reorganizations in late 2009 and early 2010. The last non-American foreign forces left Iraq on 31 July 2009 and Multi-National Forces West became United States Force – West. On 23 January 2010, the Marines formally left both

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Three days later, on 13 September, Sheikh Sattar and three other men were killed by a bomb planted near his house in Ramadi. AQI claimed responsibility for the attack and twenty people were arrested in connection with the killing, including the Sheikh's own head of security. About 1,500 mourners

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According to Sheikh Ahmed Abu Risha, many Iraqis became disaffected with AQI but were hesitant to take up arms against them out of fear. Sheikh Ahmed said that the biggest complaint about AQI was that they were unable to create a degree of normalcy, and that "people are wearing masks ...

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Operations consisted of a mixed array of company-scale urban "sweep-and-clear" operations, census and suppression patrols, and static, fortified area-denial positions. The battalion was spread out along a 30 kilometer front from the western fringes of Fallujah to the eastern boundary of Ramadi.

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The military's internal investigation was concluded in June. Though Bargewell found no evidence of a cover-up, his report seriously criticized the Marine Corps for what he described as "inattention and negligence" as well as "an unwillingness, bordering on denial" by officers, especially senior

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In May 2006, the Marine Corps was rocked by allegations that a squad from 3rd Battalion 1st Marines had gone "on a rampage" the previous November, killing 24 unarmed Iraqi men, women and children in Haditha. The incident had occurred on 19 November 2005, following a mine attack on a convoy that

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Following the Second Battle of Fallujah, the Marines faced three main tasks: providing humanitarian assistance to the hundreds of thousands of refugees returning to the city, retaking the numerous towns and cities they had abandoned along the Euphrates in the run-up to the battle, and providing

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area contained a sizeable portion of Iraq's arms industry. Immediately after Saddam fell, insurgents and others looted many of the 96 known munitions sites, as well as local armories and weapons stockpiles. These weapons were used to arm the insurgents in Anbar and elsewhere. While only a small

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was attacked by a suicide bomber, with 13 killed, including Fasal al Gaood, and 27 wounded. On 30 June, a group of 70 AQI fighters planned to carry out a major attack on Ramadi targeting tribal leaders and police in the city, including Sheikh Sattar. Instead they stumbled into a squad from the

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near Ramadi and Fallujah. The first attack was on 21 October 2006, when a car bomb carrying twelve 120 mm mortar shells and two 100-pound (45 kg) chlorine tanks was detonated in Ramadi. The AQI campaign intensified in January 2007. For five months, AQI carried out a series of suicide

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In general, American forces had difficulty distinguishing between Iraqi civilians and insurgents, and the civilian casualties incurred during the sweep increased support for the insurgency. On 5 July, a bomb killed seven at a graduation ceremony for the first American-trained police cadets in

1255:. On the evening of 28 April 2003, Saddam Hussein's birthday, a crowd of about one hundred men, women, and children staged anti-American protests outside a US military outpost in Fallujah. The Iraqis claimed they were unarmed, while the Army said that some individuals were carrying and firing 3311:

Both sides committed human rights abuses in Anbar Province, often involving civilians caught in the middle of the conflict. By late 2005, abuses had gotten so common that one American officer nonchalantly referred to "discovering ... 20 bodies here, 20 bodies there" and the head of MNF-W

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What we have done over the last six months in Al Anbar has been a recipe for instability. Through aggressive de-Ba'athification, the demobilization of the army, and the closing of factories the coalition has left tens of thousands of individuals outside the political and economic life of this

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and the Haditha killings became front-page news, but many Iraqi deaths by American or Iraqi security forces went unreported. While the U.S. military claimed that "the vast majority" of Iraqi deaths were caused by other Iraqis, incidents like Fallujah and Haditha caused many Iraqis to become

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As the campaign in Al Anbar entered its fourth year the Marine Corps scored a major victory when it adopted a vehicle originally designed in the 1970s to withstand mine attacks: the Mine Resistant Ambush Protected (MRAP) vehicle. As early as 2004, the Marine Corps recognized that it needed a

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to a level where they could assume control. As in other offensive operations, many insurgents fled the city in anticipation of a big battle. The 1st BCT moved into some of Ramadi's most dangerous neighborhoods and, beginning in July, built four of what would eventually become eighteen Combat

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scheduled for 30 January. According to top Marine officials, the elections were designed to help enfranchise the Iraqi government by including Iraqi citizens in its formation. Only 3,775 voters (2 percent of the eligible population) cast ballots in Anbar Province due to a Sunni boycott. The

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and Shi'ia from cities and executed others. After the Second Battle of Fallujah, American forces uncovered Al Qaeda torture and execution chambers, which had been used on Iraqis suspected of working with Westerners or the Iraqi government. Some of the chambers still contained victims. Some

2907:'s highest priority and earmarked 1.1 billion US dollars for them. The Marine Corps purchased and fielded large numbers of MRAPs throughout 2007. That October, General Conway described the MRAP as the "gold standard" of force protection. Deaths from mine attacks plummeted and in June 2008, 1732:

Outside of Fallujah, there were additional attacks on American positions in Anbar throughout the spring and summer of 2004. They were part of a larger "jihad wave" that swept across the governorate in mid-April. Gangs of armed youths took to the streets, setting up impromptu roadblocks and

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If an American patrol was on the highway, and they saw a dead person, they would just leave him there. And this really started to create hatred toward the American GIs, because they couldn't care less what happened to Iraqis. If they were killed right in front of them, they did not get

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MRAP initially deployed yielded impressive results. In 2004, the Marines reported that no troops had died in over 300 mine attacks on Cougars. In April 2007, General Conway estimated that the widespread use of the MRAP could reduce mine casualties in Anbar by as much as 80 percent. Now

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Outposts. The soldiers brought the territory under control and inflicted many casualties on the insurgents in the process. On 24 July, AQI launched a counterattack, launching 24 assaults, each with about 100 fighters, on American positions. Despite the reported presence of AQI leader

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team operating with 2nd Battalion 4th Marines in Ramadi was executed by a group of insurgents who had infiltrated their observation post. In mid-July, General Mattis predicted that Anbar would " to hell" if the Marines could not hold Ramadi. On 5 August, Anbar Provincial Governor

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population. 95 percent of the population lives within 5 miles (8.0 km) of the Euphrates. At the time of the invasion, Fallujah was known as a religious enclave hostile towards outsiders, while Ramadi, the provincial capital, was more secular. Outside the cities, the ancient

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Zarqawi released an audiotape condemning Sunni Muslim clerics for their lack of support, claiming "hundreds of thousands of the nation's sons are being slaughtered." The fighting slowly ebbed and by 16 December the US had begun to reopen the city and allow residents to return.

1259:. The 82nd Airborne soldiers manning the schoolhouse outpost fired on the crowd, killing at least twelve and wounding dozens more. The Army never apologized for the killings or paid compensation. In the weeks afterwards, the town's pro-US mayor urged the Americans to leave. 2334:. The Marines reported that ten Marines and 139 insurgents died in the offensive. Medical workers in Husaybah claimed that 97 civilians were killed. On 1 December, ten Marines from 2nd Battalion 7th Marines were killed by a massive IED while on a foot patrol in Fallujah. 1786:

That same month, an Iraqi battalion commander was captured by insurgents in Fallujah and beaten to death. After his death, two Iraqi National Guard battalions near Fallujah promptly deserted, leaving their weapons and equipment to the insurgents. Counterinsurgency expert

3348:. Several Marines, all of them from the 3rd Battalion 1st Marines, were later charged (but not convicted) with executing Iraqi prisoners. Some British advisers also complained that the Marines had little regard for civilian casualties and had used munitions containing 3022:

President Bush flew to Al Asad Airbase in western Anbar Governorate on 3 September, to showcase what he referred to as a "military success" and "what the future of Iraq can look like". While there, he met with top US and Iraqi leadership and held a "war council".

2811:. Four thousand were specifically earmarked for Anbar, which Bush acknowledged had become both an AQI haven and a center of resistance against AQI. Instead of deploying new units, the Marine Corps chose to extend the deployments of several units already in Anbar: 1541:

on 31 March, killing all of them. An angry mob then set the mercenaries' bodies ablaze and dragged their corpses through the streets before hanging them over a bridge crossing the Euphrates. The American media compared the attack on the mercenaries to the 1993

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they came under fire from insurgents inside, air support was called in and hit the farm, after it was cleared; seven dead insurgents were found whom American intelligence believed were foreign fighters. Riots in Fallujah and Ramadi followed the December

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into Baghdad and to uncover weapons caches. Resistance was light and many insurgents fled. The insurgents laid over 400 mines to slow the Marines down. In one operation, Marines found 18 tons of homemade explosives and 48,000 pounds (22,000 kg) of

1405: 2341:. While the turnout (259,919 voters or 32% of eligible voters) was significantly higher than in the January elections, the results were similar: about 97% of the voters rejected the constitution. On 15 December, there was a follow-up election for the 1162:

on 31 March 2003. Surrounded by a larger Iraqi force, the Rangers held the dam until relieved after eight days. During the siege, they destroyed twenty-nine Iraqi tanks and killed an estimated 300 to 400 Iraqi soldiers. Three Rangers were awarded the

1031:. Temperatures range from highs of 115 °F (46 °C) in July and August to below 50 °F (10 °C) from November to March. The governorate lacks significant natural resources and many inhabitants benefited from the Ba'athist government's 3359:

American forces also killed civilians through aerial bombing. Between 2003 and 2007, 1,700 Iraqis on all sides were killed by aerial attack in Anbar Governorate. On 19 May 2004, 42 civilians were killed near Al Qaim when American planes mistakenly

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Following the ceasefire, the Marines held their positions and brought in additional units, waiting for what they assumed would be the resumption of their attack. General Mattis launched Operation Ripper Sweep while the Marines waited, pushing the

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in Vietnam." The official Marine Corps history recorded that 78 Marines, sailors, and soldiers died and another 651 were wounded retaking Fallujah (394 were able to return to duty). One-third of the dead and wounded came from a single battalion,

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Iraq. Saddam was also very popular in the province more than anywhere else in the country. Many did not fight during the invasion (allowing them to claim that they had not been defeated) and "still wanted to slug it out", according to journalist

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Even as the Awakening progressed, Anbar continued to be viewed as a lost cause. In mid-August, Colonel Peter Devlin, chief of intelligence for the Marine Corps in Iraq, had given a particularly blunt briefing on the Anbar situation to General

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demonstration. In early 2004 the U.S. Army relinquished command of the governorate to the Marines. By April 2004 the governorate was in full-scale revolt. Savage fighting occurred in both Fallujah and Ramadi by the end of 2004, including the

1795:, said that his unit knew the local police chief was supporting the insurgency, "but assessed that he had to do so to stay alive." Suicide bombers killed seven Marines from 2nd Battalion 1st Marines on 6 September, eleven Iraqi police near 2429:(who examined the Marines' response to the killings). A news article that alleged a massacre had occurred was published in March. Haditha became a national story in mid-May due to comments made by anti-war Congressman and former Marine 2311:

By October, more Americans had been killed in Anbar than anywhere else in Iraq and senior Marines had switched from talk about victory to simply "containing the violence and smuggling at a level that Iraqi forces can someday handle."

3437:, insurgents "rounded up dozens of local police officers and publicly executed them in a soccer stadium." When the Marines were withdrawn a second time later in 2004 there were similar massacres of local police. They enforced strict 1450:, who was directly responsible for murdering government officials in 2004. While the Ba'ath Party continued to play a major role in the insurgency, the balance of power had shifted to various religious leaders who were advocating a 3086:

withdrew from Hīt. Two days later, American and Iraqi forces conducted a joint heliborne operation meant to show off the Iraqi security forces. More significantly, in late March, both Iraqi Army divisions in Anbar Governorate, the

2790:, Saddam's family considered interring him in Ramadi because of the improved security situation. On 30 December, an unknown number of loyalists near Ramadi staged a march carrying pictures of Saddam Hussein and waving Iraqi flags. 2433:. Murtha incorrectly claimed the number of civilians killed was much higher than reported and that the Marines had "killed innocent civilians in cold blood." Murtha's broader point about troop misbehavior was reinforced by news of 1348:

accused the Army of a pattern of "over-aggressive tactics, indiscriminate shooting in residential areas and a quick reliance on lethal force", as well as using "disproportionate force". For example, if Iraqi insurgents set off a

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minority of Sunnis were initially insurgents, many either supported or tolerated them. Sympathetic Ba'athists and former Saddam officials in Syrian exile provided money, sanctuary, and foreign fighters to insurgent groups. Future

1404: 2165:, stringing artillery shells or missiles together, using solid foundations to magnify the explosion, and burying them under roadways to inflict maximum damage. The US responded with a series of progressively more-sophisticated 1967: 2304:, a cordon and search operation in the Haditha Triad. Twenty Marines were killed in two days: six snipers were ambushed and killed by Jamaat Ansar al-Sunna on 1 August, and fourteen Marines were killed on 3 August when their 1608:

The Marines began their attack, codenamed Operation Vigilant Resolve, on 5 April. The overall ground commander in Anbar, 1st Marine Division commander General James Mattis, initially planned to use his only available units,

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Despite the return of sovereignty to the Iraqi Interim Government on 28 June, the insurgency was still viewed by many Iraqis as legitimate and the Iraqi government as agents of the United States. In late 2004, DIA officer

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Other violations involved detainee abuse. An August 2003 memo on detainee interrogations prompted one soldier with the 3rd ACR in Anbar to reply that "the gloves need to come off." In November 2003, former Iraqi general

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assumed responsibility for Anbar Province. On 7 December, the United States transferred its last base in Anbar, Al Asad, to the Iraqi Government. One week later, hundreds of Fallujah residents celebrated the pullout by

981:. The Marines were replaced by the US Army in January 2010. The Army withdrew its combat units by August 2010, leaving only advisory and support units. The last American forces left the governorate on 7 December 2011. 3548:

The lack of any organized hierarchy among the Sunni insurgents, in both Anbar and throughout Iraq, prevented U.S. officials from coming up with realistic strength numbers, either for full-time insurgents or part-time

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Iraqi battalions seize the city's hospital, located on a peninsula just west of the city. The main attack began the night of 8 November. Coalition forces attacked from the north, achieving complete tactical surprise.

3031:" of the Iraq War and observed that Bush thought Anbar was "safe enough for the war cabinet of the United States of America to meet there with the senior leadership of the government of Iraq to discuss strategy." 2601:

During the battle, 14 Marines from the 3rd Battalion, 2nd Marines were killed and at least 123 were wounded. 12 of the 14 were killed by IED strikes, while the other two suffered mortal wounds from sniper fire.

6647: 2987:, containing a total of over 100 victims left behind by AQI. Tharthar was cleared by August. Operation Alljah was one of the last significant Anbar offensives. By late October, weeks passed without casualties. 3154:

visited Ramadi and met with Governor Rasheed, Sheikh Abu Rish, and 30 other sheikhs and senior military personnel. In the meeting, Obama promised that "the United States will not abandon Iraq" (his opponent,

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operating near Al Qaim got into a firefight with Syrian border guards. On 24 March, several Marines and paratroopers were wounded in Fallujah when insurgents attacked the ceremony for transfer of authority.

3300:

ou would get civilian casualties. I mean, whether it's a result of our action or other action, you know, discovering 20 bodies, throats slit, 20 bodies, you know, beheaded, 20 bodies here, 20 bodies there.

13046: 5939: 10995:"State of Ambassador Ryan C. Crocker, United States Ambassador to the Republic of Iraq, before a joint hearing of the Committee on Foreign Affairs and the Committee on Armed Services, September 10, 2007" 1127:, as the main US offensive was directed through the Shia areas of southeastern Iraq, from Kuwait to Baghdad. An infantry division had been earmarked in 2002 to secure Anbar during the invasion. However, 12373: 1772:

by pulling most forces back to camps outside the city and focusing on securing a highway that ran through its center. Fighting continued to escalate throughout Anbar Governorate. On 21 June, a four-man

3340:). Many accusations of human rights violations against the United States were connected with the First and Second Battles of Fallujah. Following the assault, the United States military admitted it had 1190:—remained intact. Saddam hid in Ramadi and Hīt in early April. Other pro-Saddam forces were able to relocate from Anbar to Syria with money and weapons, where they set up headquarters. The nucleus of 3567:

CPA officials argued, in turn, that the US Congress micromanaged their finances and forced them to seek out American contractors, rather than local Iraqis, which increased costs and delayed projects.

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spent part of 2002 in central Iraq, including Anbar Governorate, preparing for resistance. Within several months of the invasion, the governorate had become a sanctuary for anti-occupation fighters.

2750:

Some of the first offensive operations outside of Ramadi also began in late 2006, with the construction of 8-foot (2.4-meter) high dirt berms around several Iraqi cities in western Anbar: Haditha,

3109:

We do not deny the difficulties we are facing right now. ... The Americans have not defeated us, but the turnaround of the Sunnis against us had made us lose a lot and suffer very painfully.

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headquarters and homes of high-ranking Sunni leaders were relatively untouched. The head of Iraqi ground forces in the province, General Mohammed Jarawi, formally surrendered to elements of the

13976: 3179:, the leader of a network of foreign fighters who were traveling through Syria. Anbar continued to play a large role in the Iraqi insurgency. That same month AQI announced the formation of the 1875:'s. However, a senior US military intelligence official described the core of the insurgency in December 2004 as "the old Sunni oligarchy using religious nationalism as a motivating force." 1518:). During the transition of authority between the MEF and the 82nd Airborne it became obvious that western Iraq was going to be more problematic for the Marines than southern Iraq had been. 13954: 3524: 1605:

noted that the insurgents were specifically trying to "bait us into overreaction." Despite these objections, General Sanchez wanted a sustained Marine presence in the city within 72 hours.

8472: 1756:, leading to a series of engagements that lasted the whole day and resulted in five Marines and at least 120 insurgents killed. Around the same time, on 14 April, a squad led by Corporal 1003:

Al Anbar is Iraq's largest and westernmost governorate. It comprises 32 percent of the country's total land mass, nearly 53,208 square miles (137,810 km), almost exactly the size of

2503:

were sent to Ramadi. Colonel MacFarland was told to "Fix Ramadi, but don't do a Fallujah." Many Iraqis assumed the 1st BCT was preparing for exactly that type of operation, with over 77

8386: 3099:. Their participation helped win the battle for the government forces and showcased the major improvements to the Iraqi Army. On 26 March 2008, B Squadron of the British SAS as part of 2288:; in addition to clearing AQI from the WERV, Sayeed was also an attempt to set the conditions for the Anbaris to participate in the December constitutional referendum. They carried out 3069:

released an interview where he denied that the tribes of Anbar Province were supporting the Americans, praising them as "noble and honorable" and referring to the Awakening as "scum".

2645:, who would later serve as Senior Counterinsurgency Adviser to General Petraeus, the revolt began after AQI killed a sheikh over his refusal to give his daughters to them in marriage. 1938:, and Zarqawi's lieutenant Hadid, had replaced their losses and reportedly now had between 3,000 and 4,000 men in the city. They planned to hinder the Marine advance with roadblocks, 13339: 10767: 10390: 6923: 4313: 4051: 1402: 13964: 3413:

The various insurgent groups regularly executed and tortured suspected Iraqi collaborators and captured Westerners, as well as Iraqis they considered insufficiently religious. One

4495: 12140: 2827: 872:(IEDs), large scale attacks on combat outposts, and car bombings. Almost 9,000 Iraqis and 1,335 Americans were killed in the campaign, many in the Euphrates River Valley and the 11240: 4411: 2019:

estimated that 250,000 out of 300,000 residents had left the city during the fighting. A Baghdad Red Cross official unofficially estimated that up to 800 civilians were killed.

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pressed on and chased their targets into another house that used civilians as hostages who were then accidentally killed alongside the terrorists. One SAS operator was killed.

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In May, the 13th MEU moved into Tharthar, a 970-square-mile (2,500 km) area that was AQI's last Anbar refuge. Their goal was to cut off insurgent travel between Anbar and

2686:

Following the formation of the Awakening movement, violence in Ramadi continued to increase. On 29 September 2006 an insurgent threw a grenade onto a rooftop where a group of

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how he was stopped by insurgents in Anbar and ordered to convert to Islam or face death. Another Iraqi Shia related how insurgents from other Arab countries had expelled many

12898: 3250:. In November, the provincial council in Anbar announced that it was considering whether to form a semi-autonomous region with other governorates in the Sunni areas of Iraq. 2955:

into Fallujah, dividing it up into ten precincts and sending Marines and Iraqi Police into each precinct in a duplication of 1st Battalion 6th Marines' operations in Ramadi.

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movement. Shortly after the meeting, Colonel MacFarland began hearing reports that off-duty Iraqi police operating as the military wing of the Awakening had formed a shadowy

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forces also committed abuses. In 2007, a Marine commander near Tharthar uncovered several instances of Iraqi soldiers raping civilians and Iraqi police torturing prisoners.

2552:

and considered moving two of Colonel MacFarland's battalions to Baghdad. Colonel MacFarland even publicly described his operations as "trying to take the heat off Baghdad."

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organization called "Thuwar al-Anbar". Thuwar al-Anbar conducted terror attacks against known AQI operatives, while Colonel MacFarland and his soldiers turned a blind eye.

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in October and November 2003 and other more remote parts of Al Anbar Governorate as part of Operation Paradoxical which was aimed at hunting down threats to the coalition.

16727: 14201: 7549: 1692: 17235: 11470: 8924: 8785: 6907: 16886: 14268: 13724: 9029: 8759: 8424: 1617:. They would push in from the east and west and methodically contain the insurgents. This plan was underway when on 9 April, General Sanchez ordered an immediate halt. 969:

The fighting was mostly over by September 2007, although US forces maintained a stabilizing and advisory role through December 2011. Celebrating the victory, President

16554: 13393: 2119:. The insurgents used a barrage of mortars, coupled with a suicide car bomb, in an unsuccessful attempt to breach the prison, wounding 44 US troops and 13 detainees. 7238: 1082:

Conditions in Anbar particularly favored an insurgency. The province was overwhelmingly Sunni, the minority religious group that lost its power and influence in post-

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helped turn the tide against the insurgents through 2007. American and Iraqi tribal forces regained control of Ramadi in early 2007, as well as other cities such as

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The insurgents responded by attacking the Marines in small groups, often armed with RPGs. According to General Natonski, many insurgents had seen pictures of the

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Although "Anbar Awakening" and "Sons of Iraq" are often used interchangeably to refer to the anti-AQI revolt by the Iraqi Sunnis, there is a key difference: the

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Finally, while not an abuse, there was a perception among some Iraqis that Americans did not care about them. A leading cleric in Anbar later complained that:

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American service member killed in Anbar, on 19 July 2009. In early August, a unit of Marines operating in Anbar located and recovered the body of Navy Captain

2943:, an overall offensive throughout Iraq using US and Iraqi divisions on multiple fronts in an attempt to clear the areas surrounding Baghdad. In late 2006, the 13222: 2947:

had turned Fallujah over to the Iraqi Army and Police, who preferred to stay in defensive checkpoints and not patrol the city. Colonel Richard Simcock, whose

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During this time, one of Colonel MacFarland's subordinates, Lieutenant Colonel Tony Deane, had kept contact with a low-level sheikh from the Abu Risha tribe,

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involved. ... When the terrorists attacked the national mosque in 2005 ... American forces were 200 yards away ... and did not interfere.

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and Kim Sun-il, had been videotaped by their perpetrators. Some Fallujah residents stated that during the battle, Al Qaeda had shot anyone trying to leave.

2203:

Franz Gayl disagreed, and wrote a report for Congress claiming that the request was shelved because the Marine Corps wanted to use the funds to develop the

1733:

threatening supply routes in eastern Anbar and around Baghdad. At one point General Mattis feared a general uprising by the Sunni community, similar to the

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Al Jazeera estimates that 680 Iraqis were killed and over 2,000 wounded nationwide in EOF incidents, but did not provide specific data for Anbar Province.

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Who bears responsibility for these Iraqi deaths? The young soldiers pulling the triggers? The commanders who establish rules of engagement that privilege "

473: 7471: 1245: 17671: 17048: 15677: 14513: 9811: 9721: 4525: 3604: 2700:, quickly smothered the grenade with his body and was killed. He was later awarded the Medal of Honor. On 18 October, AQI's umbrella organization, the 1371: 403: 275: 1557:

was hit by a mine. According to General Conway, it was the largest mine that had been used in Anbar to date; only a tailgate and a boot were recovered.

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the insurgency in Anbar was Khamis Sirhan al-Muhammad, the Ba'ath party regional chairman for the Karbala Governorate, who was originally No. 54 on the

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also rejected it, but the constitution was ratified because only 56% of the voters in Nineveh rejected it, instead of the required two-thirds majority.

3212:

When you leave Ramadi, or Anbar all together, what will your legacy be? It's total destruction. People will say you just came in, destroyed, and left.

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in an attempt to relieve pressure on Fallujah. Sixteen US Marines and an estimated 250 insurgents were killed in heavy street fighting over four days.

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are its most significant geographical features. Outside of the Euphrates area the terrain is overwhelmingly desert, comprising the eastern part of the

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flew to Anbar in September 2007 to congratulate Sheikh Sattar and other leading tribal figures. AQI assassinated Sattar days later. In September 2008,

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invited representatives from Ramadi and Fallujah in an attempt to negotiate an end to the fighting, similar to his previous dealings with Shia leader

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Attempting to emulate the perceived success in Fallujah, US commanders in Ramadi responded to the 28 June transfer of sovereignty from the CPA to the

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During the Iraq War, the Marine Corps regularly rotated command of MNF-W between the 1st and 2nd Marine Expeditionary Forces. For convenience, these

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near Fallujah on 2 November. Thirteen were killed and the rest wounded. Following the shootdown, Fallujah was quiet for a few months. On 5 November,

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who was later awarded the Navy Cross. The next day the 2nd Marine Regiment began clearing insurgent havens in the WERV. The first major attack was

1175: 928:(AQI) became the governorate's main Sunni insurgent group and turned the provincial capital of Ramadi into its stronghold. The Marine Corps issued 12712: 10797: 10721: 9977: 8394: 8292: 5292: 17530: 13295: 13248: 13213: 3100: 9944: 4555: 1640:

and CENTCOM commander General John Abizaid were worried that Fallujah might bring down the Iraqi government and ordered a unilateral ceasefire.

1344:

As the violence escalated, the US responded with what many Iraqis called the "senseless use of firepower" and "midnight raids on innocent men".

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coming across the Syrian border. He ordered the Marines to launch a campaign that summer to secure the Western Euphrates River Valley (WERV).

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Ramadi. In December, a coordinated double suicide bombing outside Ramadi's government compound killed 25 people and severely wounded Governor

2807:

on 23 January 2007, President Bush announced plans to deploy more than 20,000 additional soldiers and Marines to Iraq in what became known as

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at a meeting between Sunni Sheikhs and US Marines which killed more than 23 people, including three Marines. In July, presidential candidate

2374:, were attacked with rockets; the cell which carried out the attacks then fled into Iraq. On 9 November, three Iraqis from Anbar carried out 2258:

and mines. At least nine Marines were killed and 40 wounded in the operation, but the insurgents apparently returned to the town afterwards.

1502:

and James Mattis, had participated in the invasion in 2003. Conway planned on gradually reestablishing control over Anbar using a methodical

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American soldiers with the 115th Military Police Company operating near Fallujah in June 2003. These particular soldiers are using unarmored

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television networks. The two networks had the only access to the city. They repeatedly reported that Marines were using excessive force and

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for insurgents, and Muqtada al-Sadr referred to the insurgents in Fallujah as "holy warriors". Some Shi'ia attempted to join the fighting.

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instead. Six defendants subsequently had their cases dropped and one was found not guilty. In 2012, Wuterich pleaded guilty to negligent

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on those houses with arms caches; when insurgents fired a mortar round at American positions near Fallujah, the Americans responded with

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An aerial photograph of the urban areas around Ramadi and the Euphrates River, where a majority of the Anbar Governorate population lived

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The Second Battle of Fallujah was unique in the Anbar campaign, in that it was the only time the US military and the insurgents waged a

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This MRAP was hit by a 300-to-500-pound (140 to 230 kg) mine in Al Anbar Governorate in 2007. All crew members survived the blast.

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in exchange for all other charges against him being dropped. At least three officers, including battalion commander Lieutenant Colonel

2342: 2073: 1946: 1665: 17: 11961: 11244: 4418: 17334: 16931: 15617: 14389: 10687: 2068: 10446: 10055: 8010: 7023: 6384: 5909: 4758: 2003:. Eight Marines were awarded the Navy Cross, the US military's second-highest award for valor, three of them posthumously. Sergeant 1546:, where images of American soldiers being dragged through the streets of Somalia prompted the United States to withdraw its troops. 14730: 14347: 14308: 14206: 7122: 1919: 1007:

in the United States and slightly larger than Greece. Geographically, it is isolated from most of Iraq, but is easy to access from

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A US Military chart which shows the decrease of Iraqi insurgent attacks in Al Anbar Governorate from October 2006 to August 2007

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was transferred to Iraq. Military control was transferred in June 2009, following the withdrawal of American combat forces from

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The immediate catalyst for violent activity in the Fallujah area came after what many Iraqis and foreign journalists dubbed a

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The first in a series of execution videos was released on 11 May by AQI, of its leader al-Zarqawi executing American citizen

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We are not fighting for Saddam. We are fighting for our country, for our honor, for Islam. We are not doing this for Saddam.

1203: 659: 13424: 12781: 4147: 2111:", where they repeatedly pushed into enemy-controlled towns and then withdrew. On 2 April, a group of up to 60 AQI fighters 17309: 16999: 15880: 15497: 14468: 14406: 14015: 13862: 12612: 11162: 10234: 9444: 8632: 8121: 8066: 7508: 2867:, and fought an all-night engagement that resulted in thirteen Americans dead or wounded and half the AQI fighters killed. 2540:, the insurgents failed in all of their attacks and lost about 30 men. Several senior American officers, including General 2500: 2422: 2338: 1155: 1152: 12109: 7261: 6411: 4120: 1734: 1340:

American soldiers with the 115th Military Police Company searching Iraqis at a vehicle checkpoint in Fallujah in July 2003

17119: 16979: 16675: 16267: 16146: 16129: 16068: 14508: 14478: 14473: 13729: 12931: 3822: 3371:(EOF) incidents, where American troops were allowed to fire at suspicious-looking Iraqi vehicles and persons under their 3168: 3082:

Beginning in February 2008, US forces began returning political and military control of Anbar to Iraqis. On 14 February,

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In response to the killings, General Sanchez ordered the Marines to attack Fallujah, under direct orders from President

17661: 16959: 16881: 16779: 16670: 16387: 16017: 14488: 14278: 14126: 13833: 13642: 13444: 13110: 9722:"Additional Coalition forces, construction of dirt "berms" increase security conditions in Iraq's Haditha Triad region" 3293: 3184: 2161:

mixed with nails and buried beside a road". By mid-2005 the insurgents had refined their technique, triggering them by

2080:, which suffered from a perceived lack of legitimacy but nevertheless would dominate the Anbar legislature until 2009. 1430: 444: 15742: 6774: 1718:

of Echo Company 2nd Battalion 1st Marines, became known as the "Lion of Fallujah" for his actions during the assault.

17444: 17439: 17256: 16984: 16651: 16423: 16114: 16109: 15961: 15956: 15700: 15555: 15451: 14962: 14818: 14027: 14010: 14005: 13304: 3361: 2548:. Despite the success, Multi-National Force – Iraq continued to view Ramadi as a secondary front to the ongoing 13020: 12174: 5475: 5216: 2838:

shoulder-fired missile on 7 February, near Karmah, killing five Marines and two sailors. AQI also began a series of

1310:. According to the US military, Khamis received his funding and orders directly from Saddam, then still a fugitive. 17024: 16392: 16367: 16225: 16099: 16091: 15948: 15912: 15766: 15706: 15335: 15285: 14710: 14325: 14258: 14136: 14131: 13877: 10882: 8841: 4930: 3514: 3332:

For the American forces, abuses were typically either a disproportionate use of firepower or servicemen committing

3039: 2511:, but Colonel MacFarland had another plan. Prior to Ramadi, the 1st BCT had been stationed in the northern city of 1930:

assembled an ad hoc force of six Marine battalions, three Army battalions, three Iraqi battalions, and the British

1752:, the first time the Marines had lost a firefight in Iraq. On 17 April, insurgents attacked a Marine patrol in the 1321:, where American soldiers cornered and killed more than 70 fighters on 12 June and captured a large weapons cache. 1191: 929: 860:

campaign in Anbar took place between April 2004 and September 2007. Although the fighting initially featured heavy

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reported that roadside bomb attacks and fatalities in Iraq had dropped almost 90 percent, partially due to MRAPs.

1151:. While there was generally little combat, the most significant engagement occurred when elements of the American 17498: 17483: 17329: 17004: 16989: 16954: 16937: 16438: 16382: 16372: 16012: 15968: 15712: 15682: 15570: 14662: 14570: 14372: 14238: 14184: 14158: 12755: 10913: 10364: 10313: 10260: 5581: 4174: 2804: 2701: 2561: 1472: 1307: 1252: 1215: 1167:

for the action. In addition, four other Rangers were killed when their checkpoint near Haditha was attacked by a

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in late 2006 declaring that the governorate would be lost without a significant additional commitment of troops.

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Violence continued through the last months of 2011. In September, a bus carrying Shia pilgrims from neighboring

2641:

and angering the tribe. This was one of the catalysts for what became a tribal revolt against AQI. According to

1840:. Shia Iraqis attacked Iraqi military units moving towards Fallujah, Shia leaders called on their supporters to 17319: 16964: 16764: 16687: 16663: 16515: 16443: 16311: 16191: 16134: 16124: 16119: 15695: 15175: 14592: 14585: 14000: 13971: 13882: 13231: 12396: 11551:

Denselow, James (11 November 2011). "Sunni disposition – AQI remains in the shadow of the US withdrawal".

8361: 7482: 6899: 6830: 4533: 3519: 3135: 2820: 2816: 2278: 2099:

focused on controlling the main roads and protecting the governor and government center. In western Anbar, the

2084: 1819: 1554: 754: 350: 9819: 9725: 17676: 17466: 17424: 17266: 17036: 16947: 16525: 16455: 16448: 16306: 16186: 16151: 16063: 16050: 15139: 14396: 14288: 14179: 14072: 13804: 12807: 12519: 12012: 11553: 11288: 11269:(Press release). Multi-National Corps – Iraq. 22 April 2008. Archived from the original on 23 April 2012 8991: 7201: 5794: 4907: 4784: 3619: 3529: 2356:

checkpoint along the Jordanian border with Anbar Governorate in December 2004. In August, two US warships in

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into the farmlands around Fallujah and neutralizing many armed gangs operating along the local highways. The

1476: 341: 15196: 12562: 7765: 6027: 2215:

By the spring of 2005, both the US and Iraqi governments concluded that the biggest problem facing Iraq was

978: 17449: 16994: 16801: 16752: 16404: 16357: 16301: 16235: 16230: 16156: 16045: 15938: 15858: 15852: 15730: 15420: 14967: 14906: 14189: 14148: 13921: 13314: 13290: 12060: 11329: 10133: 9072: 6308: 3588: 3227: 2808: 2204: 1727: 1491: 1088: 816: 761: 671: 605: 17178: 11906: 10499: 10339: 10186: 7241:(Press release). International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRC). 16 November 2004 7093:"Peralta to be given Navy Cross posthumously – No Medal of Honor for sergeant hit by 'friendly fire'" 6436: 5768: 17666: 17030: 16428: 16377: 15013: 14937: 14921: 14788: 14602: 14263: 14168: 13779: 13546: 12311: 12006: 11407: 11282: 10969: 10082: 10004: 9244: 7820: 7416: 7295: 5258: 3147: 3146:, the first such Sunni region. This handover was delayed by bad weather and a suicide bombing on 26 June 2787: 2549: 2437:

where a squad of Marines executed an Iraqi man and then planted an AK-47 near his body in Hamdania, near

2150: 2128: 1918:

The order by Allawi to attack Fallujah again came on 6 November, just four days after George W. Bush was

1822:, said that "the Iraqi people view Fallujah as the symbol of their steadfastness, resistance and pride." 1447: 1317:, a mostly unsuccessful attempt to root out the burgeoning insurgency. An isolated success occurred near 1248:(ACR). With only several thousand soldiers, that force had little hope of effectively controlling Anbar. 869: 412: 11654: 11576: 11446: 9258: 6221: 5884: 5416: 3772: 1262:

On 16 May 2003, the CPA issued Order Number 1, which abolished the Ba'ath Party and began a process of "

17195: 16908: 16893: 16680: 16631: 16164: 15689: 15154: 15043: 14850: 14435: 13985: 13854: 13710: 12720: 12030: 10801: 10729: 9981: 9724:(Press release). Regimental Combat Team 7, United States Marine Corps. 15 December 2006. Archived from 7945: 7365: 6459: 5345: 5296: 5117: 3458: 3409:

in April 2007. 1,400 Iraqis were killed by suicide bombers in Anbar, almost half of them in 2007 alone.

3053:

attended Sheikh Sattar's funeral, including senior Iraqi and American officials. The leadership of the

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in late 2005 that were partially based out of Anbar. The group had already unsuccessfully attacked the

2305: 2235: 2142: 1707: 1643: 1543: 1495: 1187: 865: 833: 128: 55: 12221: 11993:(Press release). United States Forces Iraq. 10 March 2010. Archived from the original on 27 March 2010 11097: 9184: 7668: 4205: 4094: 3012:

When you stand on the ground here in Anbar ... you can see what the future of Iraq can look like.

1336: 1042:(CPA) estimated that about 1.2 million Iraqis lived in Anbar in 2003, more than two-thirds of them in 17587: 17476: 17276: 17157: 16898: 16784: 16641: 16520: 16475: 16296: 15754: 15549: 15435: 15390: 15380: 15365: 15329: 15180: 15119: 15099: 14901: 14896: 14886: 14860: 14845: 14838: 14793: 14783: 14607: 14330: 14153: 13617:

Doyle, William. A Soldier's Dream: Captain Travis Patriquin and the Awakening of Iraq. Penguin, 2011.

13532: 9952: 9558: 8300: 8211: 7791: 3688: 3325: 3083: 2968: 2952: 2951:

would retake the city, later admitted that the Marines had pulled out too soon. In June, he sent the

2940: 2847:. The attacks in general were poorly executed, burning the chemical agent rather than dispersing it. 2839: 2812: 2771: 2251: 2000: 1984: 1980: 1976: 1914:

attempt to recover a Marine wounded by a sniper; the sniper then shoots one of the would-be rescuers.

1911: 1907: 1884: 1800: 1753: 1745: 1673: 1669: 1652: 1614: 1610: 1590: 1522: 1194:

in its first few months was formed from the pro-Saddam forces in Anbar and Syria. In contrast to the

917: 700: 693: 461: 16697: 11355: 9607: 5858: 3167:

The last major military action in Al Anbar Governorate occurred on 26 October 2008, when a group of

17540: 17525: 17344: 17229: 17201: 17105: 16969: 16510: 16352: 15978: 15586: 15532: 15522: 15385: 15340: 15313: 15308: 15295: 15270: 15265: 15134: 15114: 15079: 14916: 14881: 14833: 14612: 14545: 14384: 14248: 13990: 13762: 10640: 10582:(Press release). Regimental Combat Team 6, United States Marine Corps. 12 June 2007. Archived from 7065: 6804: 6703:

Chandrasekaran, Rajiv; Wright, Robin (29 April 2004). "In Two Sieges, U.S. Finds Itself Shut Out".

6077: 5990: 3143: 2687: 2508: 2453:

investigating officer recommended that charges of murder be dropped and that Wuterich be tried for

2265:

as his capital, and was also operating in Hit and the Haditha Triad. On 8 May, the insurgent group

2239: 1856: 1769: 1621: 1594: 1578: 1566: 1534: 1507: 1484: 1418: 1271: 1237: 974: 683: 666: 255: 16595:

All attacks listed in this group were either committed by insurgents, or have unknown perpetrators

13195:. Vol. 1: American Perspectives (1st ed.). Marine Corps University Press. Archived from 13156: 12448: 12422: 11933: 11381: 11214: 11071: 10943: 10533: 7875: 7327: 3666: 2691: 2585:

Kilo Company, 3rd Battalion, 2nd Marine Division prior to initial combat operations in August 2006

2405:, shows several dead Iraqis who were killed by members of Kilo Company, 3rd Battalion 1st Marines. 2053:

said, "The Battle of Fallujah was not a defeat—but we cannot afford many more victories like it."

17560: 17471: 17456: 17184: 17151: 16923: 16796: 16774: 16769: 16636: 16206: 16141: 15907: 15864: 15778: 15760: 15527: 15456: 15355: 15350: 15280: 15275: 15235: 15124: 15084: 15018: 14987: 14911: 14808: 14623: 14377: 14337: 14163: 14066: 13959: 13867: 13675: 11243:(Press release). 2nd Marine Division, United States Marine Corps. 9 February 2009. Archived from 10473: 8184: 6176: 3054: 2864: 2779: 2474: 2327: 2321: 2297: 1738: 1700: 1633: 1511: 1179: 943: 794: 768: 738: 688: 209: 158: 8542: 7697: 6506: 17656: 16465: 16262: 16075: 16055: 16029: 15994: 15772: 15565: 15512: 15507: 15502: 15492: 15466: 15425: 15395: 15375: 15290: 15260: 15250: 15240: 15149: 15089: 15023: 14982: 14942: 14828: 14823: 14628: 14253: 13799: 13774: 13741: 13635: 13230:. Vol. 2: Iraqi Perspectives (1st ed.). Marine Corps University Press. Archived from 10286: 9284: 5067: 3610: 3344:

artillery rounds, the use of which is not permitted in civilian areas under the United Nations

3142:

In June, it was announced that Al Anbar Governorate would be the tenth province to transfer to

3131: 3096: 2876: 2657: 2621: 2523:". Under McMaster's approach, his commanders saturated an area with soldiers until it had been 2116: 2033: 939: 920:. Violence escalated throughout 2005 and 2006 as the two sides struggled to secure the Western 904: 775: 726: 456: 367: 285: 13279: 13186:

McWilliams, Chief Warrant Officer-4 Timothy S.; Wheeler, Lieutenant Colonel Kurtis P. (2009).

9340: 3725:

were started by the US military outside of Anbar, in neighboring Diyala and Baghdad Provinces.

2421:

Internal investigations were started in February by the Multi-National Force – Iraq, the

2296:, Sword, Hunter, Zoba, Spear, River Gate, and Iron Fist, ultimately culminating in November's 2261:

AQI was interested in the WERV too. Zarqawi had reclaimed his base in western Anbar, declared

17651: 17646: 17641: 17636: 17631: 17626: 17621: 17616: 17611: 16399: 16333: 16291: 16176: 16004: 15846: 15718: 15560: 15255: 15129: 15104: 15074: 14597: 14575: 14293: 14218: 14121: 13914: 13887: 13571: 13258:

A Chance in Hell: The Men Who Triumphed Over Iraq's Deadliest City and Turned the Tide of War

11005: 10608:(Press release). 2nd Marine Division, United States Marine Corps. 7 July 2007. Archived from 10421: 8867: 3558:

The only statistics available are from the U.S. military, most of which are still classified.

3333: 3180: 2705: 2361: 2266: 1629: 1263: 1124: 1118: 892: 868:, insurgents in later years focused on ambushing the American and Iraqi security forces with 837: 430: 214: 194: 13196: 12363: 7846: 6739: 2250:, which CENTCOM claimed was an insurgent staging area. Both 3rd Battalion 25th Marines and 1803:

one week later. More than 100 Americans were killed in Anbar from May 2004 to October 2004.

1293: 17508: 17282: 16790: 16485: 16470: 16247: 16201: 15973: 15933: 15840: 15415: 15144: 15094: 14972: 14891: 14687: 14682: 14677: 14540: 14401: 13937: 13872: 13828: 13811: 13784: 13103:

The Endgame: The Inside Story of the Struggle for Iraq, from George W. Bush to Barack Obama

11965: 7149: 4840: 3506: 3414: 3028: 2566:

U.S. Marines of the 3rd Battalion, 2nd Marine Division, swept through urban sprawl between

2545: 2465:, were officially reprimanded for failing to properly report and investigate the killings. 2368: 2293: 2224: 2112: 2046: 1530: 1422: 1101: 990: 849: 707: 678: 394: 87: 63: 16702: 12986: 12500: 10695: 10030: 8446: 2023:

The Battle of Fallujah was not a defeat—but we cannot afford many more victories like it.

49: 8: 17261: 17130: 17112: 17096: 16560: 16490: 16460: 16328: 16257: 16252: 16196: 16169: 16024: 15943: 15928: 15902: 15834: 15624: 15370: 15245: 15064: 15008: 14715: 14243: 14082: 14050: 13794: 13598: 13557: 13505:(2007). "A Review of Events, as-Sahab's 4th Interview with Sheikh Ayman al-Zawahiri". In 13320:

The Gamble: General David Petraeus and the American Military Adventure in Iraq, 2006–2008

12957: 12899:"Civilian killings created insurmountable hurdle to extended U.S. troop presence in Iraq" 6388: 3705: 3701: 3687:

A strategy eventually implemented in the summer of 2007 by General David Petraeus called

3380: 3372: 3239: 3218: 3172: 3092: 3088: 2975: 2743: 2458: 2375: 2077: 2043: 1927: 1779: 1506:

program, showing respect for the population and training the Iraqi Army and police using

1410: 1375: 1283:

What we have done over the last six months in Al Anbar has been a recipe for instability.

1064: 811: 804: 327: 10848: 10450: 10059: 8014: 7126: 7027: 5913: 4889: 3401: 16567: 16480: 16242: 15999: 15461: 15410: 15345: 15230: 15069: 15028: 15003: 14947: 14855: 14672: 14550: 13947: 13705: 13700: 13581: 13416: 13363: 13242: 13207: 13124: 13098: 13070: 11964:(Press release). United States Force – West, Iraq. 26 January 2010. Archived from 7744: 6864: 5522: 4778: 3860: 3625: 3418: 3267: 3035: 2855:, with 39 killed and 62 wounded. In June, a group of Anbar sheiks meeting in Baghdad's 2767: 2697: 2637:. The AQI fighters hid the body instead of leaving it for the tribe, violating Islam's 2537: 2454: 2450: 2262: 2170: 2104: 1935: 1715: 1648: 1443: 1345: 1241: 900: 857: 780: 491: 270: 17574: 12029:(Press release). United States Department of Defense. 17 November 2011. Archived from 9505: 8503: 7125:(Press release). United States Department of Defense. 18 November 2004. Archived from 6130: 6107: 4616: 4458: 3899: 2718:

MNF and ISF are no longer capable of militarily defeating the insurgency in al-Anbar.

1074: 17569: 16913: 16824: 16323: 16181: 15748: 15517: 15430: 15109: 15038: 14952: 14657: 14458: 14055: 13767: 13715: 13628: 13502: 13488: 13482: 13464: 13458: 13440: 13420: 13382: 13369: 13324: 13319: 13300: 13261: 13172: 13130: 13106: 13094: 13080: 13066: 13005: 12971: 12965: 12477: 11496: 10800:(Press release). United States Department of Defense. 24 October 2007. Archived from 10449:(Press release). United States Department of Defense. 19 October 2007. Archived from 9869: 9449: 8150: 7026:(Press release). United States Department of Defense. 11 January 2005. Archived from 6587: 6387:(Press release). United States Department of Defense. 30 October 2004. Archived from 4963: 4663: 4412:"Coalition Provisional Authority Order Number 1: De-Ba'athification of Iraqi Society" 3577: 3066: 2434: 2301: 2243: 2138: 2108: 1792: 1503: 1092: 731: 712: 359: 13221:

Montgomery, Colonel Gary W.; McWilliams, Chief Warrant Officer-4 Timothy S. (2009).

12272: 11302: 9161: 6268: 3262: 2238:

near Haditha was nearly overrun by insurgents, but ultimately rescued by one of its

1687:

Finally, General Conway proposed what was a workable compromise in his opinion: the

1498:(MNF-W), on 24 March. Nearly two-thirds of the Marines, including their commanders 17224: 16692: 15724: 15471: 15059: 15033: 14957: 14667: 14580: 13437:

Task Force Black: The Explosive True Story of the Secret Special Forces War in Iraq

13408: 11806: 10337: 7696:(Press release). United States Department of Defense. 13 April 2005. Archived from 5295:(Press release). United States Department of Defense. 10 March 2004. Archived from 3637: 3631: 3471: 3349: 3337: 3281: 3232: 3027:, one of the "intellectual architects" of the Surge, referred to the visit as the " 2980: 2928: 2922: 2891: 2680: 2462: 2402: 2392: 2285: 2254:

participated in the attack. In most cases the insurgents vanished, leaving behind

1097: 999:

A map of Al Anbar Governorate in 2004, showing its subdivision by the U.S. military

925: 912: 787: 748: 719: 486: 477: 448: 434: 425: 416: 407: 398: 371: 355: 345: 336: 290: 280: 199: 12247: 10338:

Eisler, Peter; Morrison, Blake; Teeuwen, Dave; Brook, Tom Vanden (1 August 2007).

9980:(Press release). United States Department of Defense. 20 July 2007. Archived from 5912:(Press release). United States Department of Defense. 19 July 2007. Archived from 2487:

taking up positions on a street corner during a foot patrol in Ramadi, August 2006

2397: 1131:

decided to treat the province with an "economy of force" in early 2003. The first

17488: 17434: 17429: 17189: 15736: 15476: 14977: 14865: 14720: 14705: 14493: 13527: 12999: 12961: 10058:(Press release). United States Department of Defense. 6 June 2007. Archived from 9336: 8013:(Press release). United States Department of Defense. 10 May 2005. Archived from 6927: 6677: 3598: 3594: 3580:

are listed below and the Marine command in MNF-W is simply referred to as "MEF":

3463: 3058: 3024: 3004: 2830:

throughout Iraq, including two in Anbar. One was brought down by a sophisticated

2826:

AQI had its own offensives planned for 2007. In the first two months of 2007, it

2642: 2638: 2492: 2426: 2337:

On 15 October, the people of Anbar went to the polls to decide whether or not to

2012: 1942:, and mines, while conducting attacks outside the city to tie down Marine units. 1872: 1815: 1811: 1677: 1499: 1468: 1433: 1183: 1140: 1020: 496: 465: 265: 260: 13032: 9458: 2843:

bombings in Anbar using conventional vehicle-borne explosive devices mixed with

2181:

Unless there are people melting inside of Humvees, then it's not a real problem.

16757: 14565: 14060: 14045: 14022: 13734: 13662: 13359: 12756:"Lie detector leads to US Marine being charged for murder of Iraqi in Fallujah" 3200: 3000: 2661: 2541: 2520: 2516: 2414: 2411: 2162: 2004: 1864: 1841: 1796: 1762: 1696: 1637: 1601: 1168: 1136: 1083: 1059: 1024: 1004: 970: 873: 579: 332: 171: 4719: 4334: 3830: 513: 17600: 17520: 17167: 17162: 17145: 17140: 17135: 17125: 16580: 16574: 14560: 13942: 13823: 12273:

Cobb, James T; LaCour, Christopher A.; Hight, William H. (March–April 2005).

12083:"Hundreds in Fallujah burn U.S. flag to celebrate troops pulling out of Iraq" 11473:(Press release). United States Central Command. 18 March 2008. Archived from 10870: 10829:(Press release). White House, Office of the Press Secretary. 3 September 2007 6199:"Darkhorse snipers kill insurgent sniper, recover stolen Marine sniper rifle" 5191: 4690: 3442: 3427: 2936: 2856: 2831: 2783: 2616: 2220: 2200: 2192: 2166: 2133: 1995: 1991: 1028: 861: 559: 243: 219: 122: 7984: 5348:(Press release). 82nd Airborne Division, United States Army. 25 January 2010 3126: 2479: 635: 17392: 17387: 17382: 17377: 17372: 17367: 17362: 17357: 17352: 17089: 16829: 16742: 14077: 13537: 13120: 12662: 7269: 3438: 3353: 3242:

was stopped outside of Ramadi and 22 were executed, prompting threats from

3151: 3042: 2900: 2665: 2634: 2625: 2611: 1860: 1836:

few of the sectarian divisions which would become pronounced following the

1832: 1774: 1757: 1480: 1438: 1199: 1128: 1008: 947: 539: 153: 13412: 10211: 9891: 8815: 3187:, a cleric from Anbar. After both Al-Baghdadi and Al-Masri were killed in 2652:

Selected slide from Captain Travis Patriquin's brief "How to Win in Anbar"

2581: 17493: 16862: 14463: 13506: 13224:

Al-Anbar Awakening: U.S. Marines and Counterinsurgency in Iraq, 2004–2009

13189:

Al-Anbar Awakening: U.S. Marines and Counterinsurgency in Iraq, 2004–2009

8447:"Chapter 5 – Country Reports: Middle East and North Africa Overview" 7915: 7724:

Anderson, Ward, John; Fainaru, Steve; Finer, Jonathan (26 October 2005).

6621: 3492: 3176: 3156: 2430: 1931: 1807: 1529:

Just one week after the MEF had taken over Anbar, insurgents in Fallujah

1515: 1379: 1318: 1164: 1159: 888: 12312:"Fallujah Marine Faces Charges of Conspiracy to Murder in Federal Court" 12027:"DOD News Briefing with Maj. Gen. Champoux via Teleconference from Iraq" 9230: 6900:"Last Fallujah civilians urged to go as Allawi says assault is imminent" 3034:

A week after Bush's visit, on 10 September, General David Petraeus, the

2345:. Turn-out was even greater: 585,429 voters, or 86% of eligible voters. 2137:

The aftermath of an IED attack outside of Haditha in August 2005 during

17578: 17461: 16747: 15822: 14646: 14298: 13620: 11991:"Maj. Gen. Terry Wolff, United States Division – Center, March 10" 11777:"Suicide Bombing in Anbar Province Portends More Iraqi Election Strife" 6247:"Al-Zarqawi group releases sons of Al-Anbar governor, threatens Allawi" 3406: 2984: 2852: 2751: 2734: 2442: 2438: 2277:

was kidnapped and killed by insurgents near Rawah. He was replaced by

2255: 2087: 1852: 1636:

resigned over the attack and five more threatened to do so, CPA Leader

1625: 1550: 1055: 535: 148: 59: 11045:

Partlow, Joshua; Tyson, Ann Scott; Wright, Robin (14 September 2007).

7726:"Bigger, Stronger Homemade Bombs Now to Blame for Half of U.S. Deaths" 5219:(Press release). United States Department of Defense. 12 February 2004 4283: 4281: 4182: 2648: 17535: 17503: 17207: 16732: 15828: 14651: 14617: 13594: 13478: 13454: 13341:

U.S. Marines in Iraq, 2004–2008: Anthology and Annotated Bibliography

7723: 7509:"Rise of Awakening Groups Sets Off A Struggle for Power Among Sunnis" 5062: 4441: 4439: 3655:

Seen in this January 2004 photograph from the Department of Defense:

3525:

List of decorated Americans from the Iraq War in Al Anbar Governorate

3115: 2909: 2835: 2669: 2504: 2270: 2158: 1848: 1788: 1681: 1490:

The 82nd Airborne handed control of Al Anbar Governorate over to the

1358: 1350: 1032: 1016: 963: 921: 11044: 8633:"Court-martial to begin for Camp Pendleton Marine in Iraqi killings" 7645: 5251:"Disastrous raid on Iraqi police station prompts review of training" 3721:

was a grass-roots movement started by Iraqis in Anbar Province. The

2881: 2445:, showing a Marine joking about killing members of an Iraqi family. 2115:, described as "one of the most sophisticated" seen to date, on the 13757: 13651: 13075: 10827:"President Bush Meets with Prime Minister Maliki and Iraqi Leaders" 8417:"Saudi pleads innocent to Jordan charge of planning suicide attack" 4278: 3434: 3204: 3062: 2939:

regions of eastern Anbar. These regions fell under the umbrella of

2844: 2759: 2755: 2590: 2571: 2512: 2331: 2154: 1990:

The battle was later described by the US military as "the heaviest

1656: 1426: 1388: 1043: 959: 877: 853: 41: 8393:. International Foundation for Electoral Societies. Archived from 7550:"Operation River Blitz opens fresh US attempt to crush terrorists" 6201:(Press release). United States Department of Defense. 22 June 2006 6169:"Rooftop Execution: NCIS report provides details of sniper deaths" 4436: 4259: 3433:

In Haditha, after the Marines were withdrawn in order to fight in

3195:, a former Emir of Rawa who was married to a woman from Fallujah. 2284:

MEF then began a series of operations in July, under the aegis of

1890:

Hundreds of thousands of the nation's sons are being slaughtered."

1329:. On 16 July, Mohammed Nayil Jurayfi, the pro-government mayor of 995: 6412:"Car Bomb Kills 7 U.S. Marines and 3 Iraqi Soldiers Near Falluja" 3859:. Iraq Coalition Casualty Count (iCasualties.org). Archived from 3829:. Iraq Coalition Casualty Count (iCasualties.org). Archived from 3247: 3243: 3192: 2410:

killed Lance Corporal Miguel Terrazas. A squad of Marines led by

2223:

where the vehicles were being assembled, MNF–I commander General

1538: 1330: 955: 896: 439: 13392:

Smith, Major Niel; MacFarland, Colonel Sean (March–April 2008).

10875:"Bush's 'surge' could deep-six McCain's 2008 presidential hopes" 5293:"82nd Airborne Division Commanding General's Briefing from Iraq" 4609:"U.S. Account of Fallujah Killings Contradicted by Rights Group" 3320: 3138:

sign documents for provincial Iraqi control on 1 September 2008.

2958: 2786:, the first female Marine officer to die in Iraq. Following the 1123:

Anbar experienced relatively little fighting during the initial

891:-dominated province in Iraq, saw little fighting in the initial 13789: 12365:"Toxic legacy of US assault on Fallujah 'worse than Hiroshima'" 12220:

Spinner, Jackie; Vick, Karl; Fekeiki, Omar (10 November 2004).

9030:"Iraqis in former rebel stronghold now cheer American soldiers" 8896:

Surk, Barbara; Yahya, Mazin; Spagat, Elliot (23 January 2012).

3306:— American officer on human rights abuses in Anbar in late 2005 3188: 2932: 2594:

strikes on over 200 of the 250 + vehicle patrols they mounted.

2567: 2353: 2349: 2247: 1749: 1384: 1326: 1298: 1174:

At the end of the invasion, the pro-Saddam forces in Anbar–the

1148: 1068: 1051: 1047: 936: 881: 856:

lasted from 2003 to 2011, but the majority of the fighting and

13347:. History Division, United States Marine Corps. Archived from 13153:

Operational Leadership Experiences in the Global War on Terror

13054:. History Division, United States Marine Corps. Archived from 12219: 11882:"What Iraqis Think of the American Withdrawal: Anbar Province" 8895: 8011:"Operation Matador Helping Flush Insurgents From Western Iraq" 7847:"Military Dragged Feet on Bomb-Proof Vehicles (Updated Again)" 7472:"Provincial Politics in Iraq: Fragmentation or New Awakening?" 6106:. History Division, United States Marine Corps. Archived from 6080:(Press release). United States Marine Corps. 15 September 2004 5415:. History Division, United States Marine Corps. Archived from 5323: 4417:. Coalition Provisional Authority. 16 May 2003. Archived from 3367:

An unknown number of Iraqis in Anbar were also killed through

3328:. 1700 Iraqis were killed by US air strikes in Anbar Province. 2664:, along with 50 other sheikhs, announced the formation of the 1035:

system, funded by oil revenues from elsewhere in the country.

951: 13460:

No True Glory: A Frontline Account of the Battle for Fallujah

12275:"TF 2-2 IN FSE AAR: Indirect Fires in the Battle of Fallujah" 11744: 11742: 11722:"In Anbar Province, New Leadership, but Old Problems Persist" 10798:"DoD News Briefing with Maj. Gen. Sherlock from the Pentagon" 4154:. The Year in Special Operations: 2006. Defense Media Network 4127:. The Year in Special Operations: 2006. Defense Media Network 3191:

in April 2010, the US believed the new leader of AQI/ISI was

2995: 2357: 1945:

The attack began on 7 November when General Natonski had the

1585: 1451: 1256: 1012: 13386:

The Marines Take Anbar: The Four-Year Fight against Al Qaeda

11655:"Spike in suicide attacks: Is Al Qaeda in Iraq coming back?" 11356:"Vehicle bombings in Iraq at lowest level in nearly 4 years" 10963:"Charts to accompany the testimony of GEN David H. Petraeus" 7047: 7045: 5859:"No Longer Unknowable: Falluja's April Civilian Toll is 600" 5829: 5827: 4841:"3 in 82nd Airborne Say Beating Iraqi Prisoners Was Routine" 2971:. By October, insurgent attacks had dropped to almost zero. 2378:, killing 60. A fourth bomber, also from Anbar, was caught. 935:

In August 2006, several tribes located in Ramadi and led by

13484:

The Strongest Tribe: War, Politics, and the Endgame in Iraq

13001:

Iraq's Insurgency and the Road to Civil Conflict (Volume 1)

12520:"Marines deny airstrikes used against insurgents in Ramadi" 11577:"As US withdraws, will Al Qaeda in Iraq find new openings?" 10447:"Defense Department Contracts for 2,400 More MRAP Vehicles" 8578:"Marine Officer Receives Immunity in Haditha Killings Case" 6702: 5942:(Press release). United States Marine Corps. Archived from 5910:"Defense Secretary Honors Marine Corps' 'Lion of Fallujah'" 5474:

Producer: Marcela Gaviria and Martin Smith (21 June 2005).

3422: 2763: 2219:. But while the Iraqis wanted to concentrate on Baghdad's 2196: 1939: 1354: 1144: 1091:. Military service was compulsory in Saddam's Iraq and the 946:, which later led to the tribes revolting against AQI. The 845: 570: 530: 315: 142: 12964:(2006). "A. Assessment of the Current Situation in Iraq". 11739: 11681:"Resurgent al-Qaeda in Iraq seeks to undermine government" 10056:"Terrorists Using Chlorine Car Bombs to Intimidate Iraqis" 9443:

Al-Jabouri, Najim Abed; Jensen, Sterling (December 2010).

9442: 7123:"Fallujah Secure, But Not Yet Safe, Marine Commander Says" 2007:

was also unsuccessfully nominated for the Medal of Honor.

1867:, were taken to Zarqawi's base in Fallujah for execution. 1620:

The main reason behind this order was the coverage by the

12924:"Final trial to begin in killing of 24 Iraqis in Haditha" 12476:. Fox News. Associated Press. 24 May 2004. Archived from 12397:"Faces of Young Iraq: Growing up in the ashes of the war" 11931: 10261:"The truck the Pentagon wants and the firm that makes it" 9559:"Army Captain's Simple Demonstration: How to Win in Iraq" 8362:"Turnout in the Iraqi Election Is Reported at 70 Percent" 8149:. Fox News. Associated Press. 31 May 2005. Archived from 7042: 6385:"Eight Marines Killed, Nine Wounded in Al Anbar Fighting" 5861:(Press release). Iraq Body Count project. 26 October 2004 5824: 5714: 5712: 5554: 5552: 4556:"Tipster helped US soldiers catch Iraq insurgency leader" 3918: 3405:

Iraqi civilians in the aftermath of a suicide bombing in

2011:

on the city, while artillery units fired 5,685 rounds of

1054:, Anbar is Iraq's only governorate without a significant 13126:

Collateral Damage: America's War Against Iraqi Civilians

11471:"Senators McCain and Graham walk the streets of Haditha" 3246:

to annex parts of southern Anbar, including the city of

2425:(which examined the actual killings), and Major General 2195:

filed an urgent request with the Marine Corps for 1,200

1799:

on 23 October, and eight Marines from the newly arrived

1748:

were killed when they drove into an ambush in unarmored

1413:

helicopter killing 3 Iraqi insurgents, December 1, 2003.

1244:

turned Anbar Governorate over to a single regiment, the

12782:"U.S. call for Iraqi police in Haditha goes unanswered" 12141:"Junkyard Gives Up Secret Accounts of Massacre in Iraq" 12110:"At Iraq War's End, Wounds Are Still Fresh for Falluja" 11522:

Tyson, Ann Scott; Knickmeyer, Ellen (28 October 2008).

11163:"Shift in Tactics Aims to Revive Struggling Insurgency" 7465: 7463: 7417:"Fair vote possible in Anbar province, top Marine says" 7147: 6249:. British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC). 5 August 2004 5937: 5413:

Campaign Chronologies of the United States Marine Corps

4206:"Ranger competition trophy to carry fallen hero's name" 17515:

The Iraq War: A Historiography of Knowledge Changelogs

17236:"The wrong war, at the wrong place, at the wrong time" 11521: 10391:"MRAP Vehicle Order: 1,000 Cougars to be Turned Loose" 10383: 10340:"U.S. military struggles to adapt to war's top killer" 8067:"Looking for Battle, Marines Find That Foes Have Fled" 7597: 7469: 7328:"Under US noses, brutal insurgents rule Sunni citadel" 5709: 5549: 5311: 5091:"Aide to Al-Qaeda's Zarqawi Killed in Iraq, U.S. Says" 4637: 2300:. In August, the 3rd Battalion 25th Marines conducted 14361: 11570: 11568: 10968:. United States Department of Defense. Archived from 10942:. United States Department of Defense. Archived from 10160:"U.S. says Iraq chlorine bomb factory was al Qaeda's" 8729:"Lawmaker says Marines killed Iraqis 'in cold blood'" 8501: 8122:"Insurgent Group Reports Killing of Japanese Hostage" 6343: 6341: 5498:"Enraged Mob in Falluja Kills 4 American Contractors" 4496:"Military: Arrests may reduce anti-coalition attacks" 3773:"U.S. hands over Anbar, Iraq's once-deadliest region" 3665:. United States Department of Defense. Archived from 3003:

and a group of high-ranking generals and advisers at

2683:

on the Internet and is still used as a training aid.

2675:

Colonel MacFarland asked his tribal adviser, Captain

2175:

Joint Improvised Explosive Device Defeat Organization

591:

10,578+ detained (February 2005 – February 2006)

13220: 12719:. Associated Press. 28 December 2011. Archived from 9868:. Associated Press. 30 December 2006. Archived from 9331: 9329: 9245:"Marine SGT. Luke J. Zimmerman| Military Times" 8535:"Collateral Damage or Civilian Massacre in Haditha?" 8391:

Council of Representatives Election Composite Report

8119: 7766:"Insurgency Is Fading Fast, Top Marine in Iraq Says" 7719: 7717: 7715: 7460: 7148:

McCarthy, Rory; Beaumont, Peter (13 November 2004).

6760: 6302: 6300: 6298: 5580:

Rubin, Alissa J.; McManus, Doyle (24 October 2004).

5217:"Abizaid, Swannack Escape Injury in Fallujah Attack" 4962:. Associated Press. 22 November 2003. Archived from 4640:"Latest Bombing Strikes At Iraqis Working With U.S." 3935: 3933: 3482: 2589:

During the seven-month deployment, fighting between

1655:, passing the body of an alleged Iraqi insurgent in 1050:. With a population 95 percent Sunni, many from the 13569:Olds, Ian; and Scott, Garrett (23 September 2005). 12335: 12167:"Husaybah: the devastation of an Iraqi border town" 11803:"Iraq desert dispute could reignite sectarian feud" 11603:"U.S. Pilot's Remains Found in Iraq After 18 Years" 10961:Petraeus, General David H. (10–11 September 2007). 10935:Petraeus, General David H. (10–11 September 2007). 10109:"Chlorine Blasts Kill 8; 6 Troops Also Die in Iraq" 9978:"DoD News Briefing with Maj. Gen. Gaskin from Iraq" 9812:"US Marines build sand walls in latest Iraq tactic" 9581: 9579: 8898:"Marine Accepts Plea Deal in Iraqi Civilian Deaths" 8662:"Selected Testimony From the Haditha Investigation" 8660:Bargewell, Major General Eldon (14 December 2011). 8655: 8653: 8423:. Agence France Presse. 7 June 2005. Archived from 7443:"Balking at Vote, Sunnis Seek Role on Constitution" 7384: 7066:"After 3 years, Fallujah incident raises questions" 6897: 5582:"Why America Has Waged a Losing Battle on Fallouja" 5579: 5192:"Beyond Fallujah: A year with the Iraqi resistance" 4532:. United States Department of State. Archived from 3823:"Iraq Coalition Casualties: Fatalities by Province" 2819:(MEU). The 15th MEU would later be replaced by the 1721: 1198:throughout Baghdad and other parts of the country, 16543:United States and the International Criminal Court 13551:(Documentary). Anbar Province: A&E Home Video. 12930:. Associated Press. 4 January 2012. Archived from 12474:"Iraq Wedding-Party Video Backs Survivors' Claims" 11565: 10715: 10713: 9918:"President Bush's 2007 State of the Union Address" 9552: 9550: 9066: 9064: 9062: 8626: 8624: 8473:"Al Qaeda claims responsibility for rocket attack" 7325: 6338: 6271:. Radio Free Europe / Radio Liberty. 6 August 2004 6028:"The Big Suck: Notes from the Jarhead Underground" 5769:"The General in Charge of Iraqi Force Is Replaced" 4638:Dewan, Shaila K; Tyler, Patrick E. (6 July 2003). 2555: 1706:Four Marines and soldiers were awarded either the 1549:That same day five soldiers were killed in nearby 13185: 12855: 12843: 12831: 12648: 12207: 11932:Nordland, Rod; Williams, Timothy (28 July 2009). 11748: 11707: 11125: 11098:"Iraqis vow to fight al Qaeda after sheikh death" 10212:"Blast kills top sheik working with U.S. in Iraq" 9326: 9185:"In Ramadi, the force isn't huge but the task is" 9114: 8989: 8502:Murphy, Dan; Dabu, Sheila M. (14 November 2005). 8293:"Two of ten Marines killed in Iraq from Illinois" 8185:"U.S. military launches anti-insurgent operation" 8171: 7968: 7966: 7712: 7321: 7319: 7317: 7010: 6986: 6950: 6761:Leiken, Robert S.; Brooke, Steven (24 May 2004). 6648:"Report: Al-Zarqawi group kills American hostage" 6526: 6524: 6295: 5641: 5617: 5543: 5340: 5338: 5329: 4834: 4832: 4445: 4386: 4242: 4240: 4238: 4008: 3947:. Coalition Provisional Authority. Archived from 3930: 3766: 3764: 2210: 907:. Violence began on 28 April 2003 when 17 Iraqis 17598: 15656: 12336:West, Owen; Carter, Phillip (28 November 2004). 11856:"In Iraq's Anbar province, unfinished business?" 11408:"Insurgents linked to U.S. Marine deaths caught" 11215:"Bombings kill nearly 60 in Sunni areas of Iraq" 11188:"Al-Qaeda in Iraq calls for one-month offensive" 11156: 11154: 11152: 11150: 11148: 11146: 9600:"Gunmen in Iraq's Ramadi announce Sunni emirate" 9576: 9445:"The Iraqi and AQI Roles in the Sunni Awakening" 9335: 8891: 8889: 8760:"Military to Charge 8 in Iraqi Civilian's Death" 8650: 8260: 8258: 8120:Finer, Jonathan; Faiola, Anthony (28 May 2005). 7470:Knights, Michael; McCarthy, Eamon (April 2008). 7084: 5575: 5573: 5571: 5569: 5567: 4021: 4019: 4017: 3853:"Iraq Coalition Casualties: U.S. Wounded Totals" 3203:, who had been missing in action since the 1991 2519:in 2005 had pioneered a new type of operation: " 2326:On 5 November, the 2nd Marine Regiment launched 2173:programs which eventually consolidated into the 13391: 13296:Fiasco: The American Military Adventure in Iraq 13169:Voices from Iraq: A People's History, 2003–2009 13040:. History Division, United States Marine Corps. 13034:U.S. Marine Corps Operations in Iraq, 2003–2006 12987:"Violent Response: The U.S. Army in Al-Falluja" 12890: 12613:"Documents Tell of Brutal Improvisation by GIs" 12134: 12132: 12130: 11830:"Iraqi Governor Survives Assassination Attempt" 11749:Jabbar, Nawaf; Parker, Ned (31 December 2009). 11241:"Division Marines to receive Navy Cross medals" 11004:. U.S. House of Representatives. Archived from 10821: 10819: 10710: 10500:"Operation Phantom Thunder: The Battle of Iraq" 10081:Cave, Damien; Fadam, Ahmad (21 February 2007). 9892:"Iraqis gather in Saddam hometown after burial" 9866:"Report: Saddam Buried in Hometown Near Tikrit" 9585: 9547: 9479: 9426: 9424: 9305: 9096: 9059: 9015: 8953: 8621: 8528: 8526: 8524: 8238:"In Iraq's Wild West, US shifts to containment" 7814: 7812: 7289: 7287: 7239:"Additional support for the Iraqi Red Crescent" 6460:"Iraqi Premier Meets Militants, Pushes Amnesty" 5991:"Fight for Ramadi exacts heavy toll on Marines" 5883:Dorell, Oren; Zoroya, Gregg (9 November 2006). 4765:. Archived from the original on 3 February 2004 4004: 4002: 2122: 1135:to enter Al Anbar were American and Australian 942:began to form what would eventually become the 13511:IntelCenter: Words of Ayman al-Zawahiri Vol. 1 13119: 13048:U.S. Marines in Iraq, 2004–2005: Into the Fray 12586: 11546: 11544: 10606:"RCT-6 continues Operation Alljah in Fallujah" 10517: 10491: 9972: 9970: 8816:"Marine says song about killing Iraqis a joke" 8089: 8087: 7963: 7638:"Zarqawi posts Abu Ghraib attack video on web" 7598:Mazzetti, Mark; Moore, Solomon (24 May 2005). 7314: 6898:Sengupta, Kim; Lambon, Tim (6 November 2004). 6797:"Time Person of the Year 2004: Face of Terror" 6696: 6521: 6457: 5933: 5931: 5878: 5876: 5491: 5489: 5403: 5401: 5399: 5397: 5395: 5335: 4829: 4688: 4235: 4148:"Hold Until Relieved: The Haditha Dam Seizure" 4121:"Hold Until Relieved: The Haditha Dam Seizure" 4052:"Abu Musaab Al-Zarqawi: A Biographical Sketch" 3761: 3057:then passed to Sheikh Sattar's brother Sheikh 2531:it until Iraqi security forces were gradually 2441:, as well as the controversial Internet video 1220:Coalition Provisional Authority Order Number 2 17257:Afghan–Iraqi Freedom Memorial (Salem, Oregon) 16812: 13636: 13093: 13065: 12956: 12866: 12864: 12449:"US soldiers started to shoot us, one by one" 11703: 11701: 11489: 11143: 10937:"Report to Congress on the Situation in Iraq" 10768:"Iraqi troops find mass grave with 12 bodies" 10314:"New vehicles protect Marines in 300 attacks" 10204: 9840: 9696:"Marines deny losing Iraq's biggest province" 9639: 9637: 8990:Stack, Megan K; Roug, Louise (11 June 2006). 8886: 8684: 8682: 8255: 8034: 8032: 7972: 7899: 7869: 7867: 7479:The Washington Institute for Near East Policy 7326:Mahdi, Omer; Carroll, Rory (21 August 2005). 7150:"Civilian cost of battle for Falluja emerges" 6824: 6822: 5564: 5393: 5391: 5389: 5387: 5385: 5383: 5381: 5379: 5377: 5375: 5183: 4478: 4476: 4229: 4014: 3817: 3815: 3813: 3811: 3809: 3807: 3805: 2903:stated that the acquisition of MRAPs was the 2890:replacement for its armored Humvees. The few 2227:concluded the real problem was pro-insurgent 621: 15798:Use of white phosphorus by the United States 13280:"How to Win the War in Al Anbar by CPT Trav" 12808:"Marines battle their past in an Iraqi city" 12705: 12127: 11956: 11954: 11303:"Iraqi Tribal Leader Says Syria Aids Gunmen" 11028: 11026: 10816: 10083:"Iraqi Militants Use Chlorine in 3 Bombings" 9421: 9154:"Anbar Awakens Part I: The Battle of Ramadi" 8842:"4 U.S. marines face Haditha murder charges" 8521: 7939: 7937: 7916:"14 more Marines from Ohio unit die in Iraq" 7838: 7809: 7792:"The Secret History of Iraq's Invisible War" 7749:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 7694:"Marines Relate Events of Abu Ghraib Attack" 7284: 6353: 5882: 5360: 4382: 4380: 4378: 4139: 4112: 3999: 3752: 3750: 2704:, formally declared Ramadi as a part of the 1878: 1691:. Led by former Iraqi Sunni elites, such as 1143:and Haditha Dam and prevented the launch of 13247:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list ( 13212:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list ( 13144:Ives, Dr. Christopher K. (9 January 2007), 12222:"U.S. Forces Battle Into Heart of Fallujah" 11541: 11121: 11119: 11002:Report to Congress on the Situation in Iraq 10685: 10637:Michael J. Totten's Middle Eastern Archives 10624: 10048: 9967: 9936: 9485: 9316: 9314: 9158:Michael J. Totten's Middle Eastern Archives 9073:"An Army colonel's gamble pays off in Iraq" 8595: 8353: 8336:"Sunnis Failed to Defeat Iraq Constitution" 8096:"U.S. Widens Offensive In Far Western Iraq" 8084: 7910: 7908: 7821:"Corps refused 2005 plea for MRAP vehicles" 6580:"Militants Behead American Hostage in Iraq" 6309:"Governor not backing off in violent Anbar" 6021: 6019: 6017: 6015: 6013: 6011: 5928: 5873: 5486: 5346:"Marines transfer Anbar command, exit Iraq" 4890:"Tape Shows Apache Pilots Firing on Iraqis" 3047:Report to Congress on the Situation in Iraq 2990: 2574:in a series of operations (i.e. Operations 2149:By late February, a new threat emerged—the 1703:argued that 600 civilians had been killed. 1560: 1425:carrying 32 soldiers was shot down with an 17672:United States Marine Corps in the Iraq War 14756: 13643: 13629: 13580:Producer: Tom Roberts (21 February 2006). 13548:Combat Diary – The Marines of Lima Company 13155:, Combat Studies Institute, archived from 12861: 11934:"Iraq Force Soon to Be a Coalition of One" 11698: 11072:"25 arrests in slaying of prominent Sunni" 10722:"13th MEU hits Anbar to stop weapons flow" 10287:"Study: MRAP refusal led to Marine deaths" 10134:"Chlorine Bombs In Iraq Make Hundreds Ill" 9778: 9752: 9634: 8679: 8264: 8064: 8038: 8029: 7864: 7666: 7414: 7366:"Marines Widen Their Net South of Baghdad" 7024:"ScanEagle Proves Worth in Fallujah Fight" 6819: 6222:"If Ramadi falls, 'province goes to hell'" 5372: 4473: 4314:"Iraqi rage grows after Fallujah massacre" 4260:"16,000-Troop Command Formally Surrenders" 3894: 3892: 3890: 3802: 3346:Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons 3324:The aftermath of an air strike during the 3017:President George W. Bush, 3 September 2007 2468: 1934:. The insurgents, loosely led by Zarqawi, 1666:1st Light Armored Reconnaissance Battalion 1333:, and his youngest son were assassinated. 628: 614: 16932:A Responsible Plan to End the War in Iraq 13575:(Documentary). Fallujah: Rumur Releasing. 13337: 13274: 12998:Cordesman, Anthony; Davies, Emma (2008). 12997: 12984: 12560: 12556: 12554: 12552: 12543: 12158: 11985: 11983: 11951: 11382:"U.S. handover of Iraqi province delayed" 11023: 10849:"Bush raises prospect of Iraq troop cuts" 10761: 10759: 10106: 10080: 10028: 9503: 9409: 9391:"Ramadi from the Caliphate to Capitalism" 9370: 9358: 8659: 7934: 7844: 7789: 7600:"Insurgents Flourish in Iraq's Wild West" 7531: 7529: 6409: 5940:"Marines fight enemy across western Iraq" 5938:Gunnery Sgt. Mark Oliva (20 April 2004). 5668:"Analysis: U.S. lost Fallujah's info war" 5495: 5317: 5089:Alexander, Caroline (27 September 2005). 5088: 5017: 4714: 4712: 4375: 4357: 4345: 3796: 3747: 3038:of Multi-National Force – Iraq, and 2273:near Hīt. Two days later, Anbar Governor 1739:attacked Marine patrols throughout Ramadi 1394: 360: 14731:Supreme Command for Jihad and Liberation 13650: 13501: 13255: 12870: 12779: 12446: 12420: 12361: 12139:Schmidt, Michael S. (14 December 2011). 12089:. Agence France Presse. 14 December 2011 11800: 11550: 11330:"Roadside bomb kills 4 Marines in Anbar" 11327: 11267:"Marines attacked by SVBIED near Ramadi" 11116: 11032: 10960: 10934: 10904:Kagan, Frederick W. (3 September 2007). 9852: 9643: 9541: 9491: 9430: 9415: 9376: 9364: 9320: 9311: 9208: 9182: 9152:Totten, Michael J. (10 September 2007). 9120: 9108: 9070: 9053: 8977: 8965: 8916: 8726: 8333: 8267:"U.S. Airstrikes Take Toll on Civilians" 8094:Anderson, John Ward (15 November 2005). 8093: 7905: 7876:"Study: Lack of MRAPs cost Marine lives" 7585: 7506: 6854: 6458:Chandrasekaran, Rajiv (30 August 2004). 6008: 5885:"Battle for Fallujah forged many heroes" 5665: 5285: 4580: 3969: 3445:containing a total of over 100 victims. 3400: 3319: 3261: 3125: 3095:, were sent south to participate in the 2994: 2957: 2880: 2647: 2615: 2580: 2478: 2401:This picture, taken at the scene of the 2396: 2315: 2132: 1994:Marines have been involved in since the 1964: 1901: 1806:Prior to November, Iraqi Prime Minister 1737:. On 6 April, a force of 300 insurgents 1714:for the battle. Another Marine, Captain 1642: 1584: 1398: 1335: 1292: 1073: 994: 17217: 15223: 14726:Army of the Men of the Naqshbandi Order 13556:Producer: Michael Kirk (19 June 2007). 12660: 12498: 12138: 11907:"Whatever Happened to ... Falluja" 11879: 11678: 11626: 11600: 10869: 10719: 10422:"Marines Urge Caution on MRAP Fielding" 10365:"MRAP: Survivable Rides, Start Rolling" 10284: 10002: 9942: 9597: 9556: 8925:"Wuterich trial postponed indefinitely" 8868:"Eight Marines Charged in Haditha Case" 8846:Canadian Broadcasting Corporation (CBC) 8720: 8334:Anderson, John Ward (26 October 2005). 8235: 7763: 7415:Trowbridge, Gordon (12 December 2003). 7363: 7262:"800 Civilians Feared Dead in Fallujah" 7199: 7173: 7090: 7063: 6410:Tavernise, Sabrina (6 September 2004). 6306: 5766: 5189: 5018:Mundy III, Carl E. (30 December 2003). 4929:Sennott, Charles M. (3 November 2003). 4928: 4838: 4691:"Iraqi Mayor's Killing Reinforces Fear" 4145: 4118: 4095:"The Coolest Posting In a Hot War Zone" 3904:Civilian deaths from violence 2003–2011 3887: 1906:In this series of photographs from the 1288:CPA Diplomat Keith Mines, November 2003 600:Total Iraqis (all sides): ~8,800 killed 466: 14: 17599: 17531:U.S. foreign policy in the Middle East 17325:Iraqi security forces fatality reports 17272:Northwood Gratitude and Honor Memorial 17267:Iraq and Afghanistan Memorial (London) 16919:Winter Soldier: Iraq & Afghanistan 16849: 14556:Islamic Front for the Iraqi Resistance 13545:Epstein, Michael (26 September 2006). 13358: 13018: 12549: 12310:Helms, Nathaniel R. (14 August 2007). 12053:"Iraq says US hands over key air base" 11980: 11827: 11775:Myers, Steven Lee (19 February 2010). 11719: 11444: 11405: 11373: 10756: 10686:Ziezulewicz, Geoff (24 January 2008). 10630: 10523: 10497: 10258: 10184: 9945:"4,000 Marines to be extended in Iraq" 9787:"The Battle For Haditha – Part 2" 9761:"The Battle For Haditha – Part 1" 9655: 9628: 9436: 9151: 8992:"Fear of Big Battle Panics Iraqi City" 8922: 8834: 8786:"Court throws out Hamdania conviction" 8783: 8532: 8290: 8265:Knickmeyer, Ellen (24 December 2005). 8209: 7943: 7873: 7526: 7293: 7259: 6682:British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) 6542: 6219: 5988: 5795:"Fallujah Brigade tries U.S. patience" 5792: 5115: 4709: 4689:Chandrasekaran, Rajiv (18 July 2003). 4668:British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) 4311: 4092: 4086: 4058:. Jamestown Foundation. Archived from 3900:"Iraqi deaths from violence 2003–2011" 3287: 2308:was hit by a mine outside of Haditha. 2083:During the run-up to the elections, a 17413: 17070: 16613: 15645: 15608:Turkish incursions into northern Iraq 14755: 14433: 14103: 13673: 13624: 13434: 13313: 13289: 13166: 13044: 13030: 13021:"State of the Insurgency in al-Anbar" 12805: 12753: 12699: 12610: 12598: 12563:"Iraq files reveal checkpoint deaths" 12517: 12309: 12195: 12107: 11880:Farrell, Stephen (15 December 2011). 11828:Kramer, Andrew E. (7 November 2011). 11774: 11679:Londoño, Ernesto (22 November 2009). 11652: 11574: 11432: 11379: 11353: 11212: 11160: 11137: 11069: 11047:"Bomb Kills a Key Sunni Ally of U.S." 11038: 10903: 10765: 10688:"Marines Work for the Good of Karmah" 10673: 10471: 10311: 10285:Lardner, Richard (18 February 2008). 10232: 10214:. Associated Press. 13 September 2007 10187:"al Qaeda on Sunni violence in Anbar" 10031:"Eighth US helicopter downed in Iraq" 10005:"Officials: 13th MEU to head to Iraq" 9943:Johnson, Kimberly (11 January 2007). 9693: 9529: 9388: 9027: 8757: 8714: 8688: 8630: 8601: 8575: 8563: 8321: 7818: 7669:"Zarqawi Said to Be Behind Iraq Raid" 7635: 7547: 7535: 7481:. Policy Focus #81: 7. Archived from 7402: 7390: 7351: 7225: 7091:Fuentes, Gidget (17 September 2008). 7064:Watkins, Thomas (28 September 2007). 7051: 6998: 6974: 6938: 6855:McDonald, JoAnna M. (14 March 2006). 6828: 6729: 6530: 6496: 6128: 6064: 5833: 5718: 5653: 5629: 5558: 5461: 5449: 5437: 5055: 5043: 4996: 4984: 4876: 4756: 4726:. Human Rights Watch. 20 October 2003 4482: 4299: 4287: 4266:. Agence France Presse. 16 April 2003 4172: 4080: 4037: 4025: 3993: 3981: 3924: 3881: 3770: 3756: 3570: 3457:In the United States, incidents like 3266:Letter from MNF-I Commanding General 2815:, 3rd Battalion 4th Marines, and the 2739:Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff 2711: 2605: 2544:, later compared the fighting to the 2141:, which killed fourteen Marines from 2061: 1825: 1462: 1374:teams from A Squadron of the British 1274:(RPG) attack on 26 May near Haditha. 609: 17583: 14861:Capture of Saddam Hussein (Red Dawn) 13981:UK parliament's support for invasion 13477: 13453: 13143: 12741: 12687: 12636: 12561:Carlstrom, Gregg (23 October 2010). 12164: 11801:Al-Salhy, Suadad (2 November 2011). 11524:"U.S. Calls Raid a Warning to Syria" 11192:Canadian Broadcast Corporation (CBC) 10750: 10661: 10631:Totten, Michael J. (24 March 2008). 10566: 10554: 10419: 10029:MacAskill, Ewen (22 February 2007). 9784: 9758: 9746: 9670:"Situation Called Dire in West Iraq" 9557:Raddatz, Martha (15 December 2006). 9121:Goldfarb, Michael (31 August 2007). 8874:. Associated Press. 21 December 2006 8691:"Report On Haditha Condemns Marines" 8359: 7623: 7573: 7440: 7364:Spinner, Jackie (28 November 2004). 7294:Keiler, Jonathan F. (January 2005). 6962: 6885: 6831:"Tape Condemns Sunni Muslim Clerics" 6717: 6608: 6566: 6554: 6484: 6371: 6359: 6347: 6332: 6289: 6166: 6154: 6052: 5976: 5964: 5845: 5818: 5754: 5742: 5730: 5703: 5691: 5605: 5496:Gettleman, Jeffrey (31 March 2004). 5409:"Global War on Terrorism: 2001–2008" 5366: 5279: 5237: 5177: 5165: 5153: 5141: 4864: 4809: 4797: 4744: 4606: 4459:"Major Mathew Schram's Memorial Day" 4398: 4369: 4246: 3656: 3630:February 2007 – February 2008 ( 3609:February 2008 – February 2009 ( 3582: 2423:Naval Criminal Investigative Service 2348:AQI launched a series of attacks in 2074:elections for the provincial council 1409:Footage from the gun camera of a US 1277: 1209: 78:20 March 2003 – 7 December 2011 17445:"Enhanced interrogation techniques" 13338:Schlosser, Dr. Nicholas J. (2010). 12896: 12871:Bacevich, Andrew J. (9 July 2006). 12834:, pp. 19–26, 132, 181 (Vol. 2) 12518:Moore, Solomon (29 December 2006). 12499:Schuman, Miles (24 November 2004). 12394: 12248:"US general defends phosphorus use" 11962:"Farewell of the Marines from Iraq" 11853: 10420:Lowe, Christian (19 October 2007). 10312:Brook, Tom Vanden (18 April 2007). 10233:Tyson, Ann Scott (19 August 2007). 9668:Ricks, Thomas (11 September 2006). 9598:Karouny, Mariam (18 October 2006). 8451:Country Reports on Terrorism (2005) 8147:"Governor of Anbar Province Killed" 6829:Burns, John F. (25 November 2004). 6654:. 22 September 2004. Archived from 6269:"Fierce Fighting Escalates In Iraq" 5523:"U.S. expects more attacks in Iraq" 4908:"U.S. helicopter shot down in Iraq" 4839:Schmitt, Eric (24 September 2005). 4562:. Associated Press. 16 January 2004 4203: 4049: 3315: 2983:fertilizer. They uncovered several 2916: 2725:State of the Insurgency in al-Anbar 2386: 1744:Nearly all members of a squad from 1353:, the US would respond by dropping 1313:In June, American forces conducted 1139:, who seized vital targets such as 24: 16780:Scott Thomas Beauchamp controversy 13611: 13519: 13394:"Anbar Awakens: The Tipping Point" 13004:. Praeger Security International. 12661:Frelick, Bill (26 November 2008). 12362:Cockburn, Patrick (24 July 2010). 12171:Bureau of Investigative Journalism 11161:Paley, Amit R. (8 February 2008). 10774:. Associated Press. Archived from 10633:"The Liberation of Karmah, Part I" 10472:Brook, Tom Vanden (22 June 2008). 10107:Brulliard, Karin (18 March 2007). 9694:Graff, Peter (12 September 2006). 9504:LaFranchi, Howard (26 June 2007). 9028:Poole, Oliver (19 December 2005). 8504:"The Iraqi role in Jordan bombing" 7819:Brook, Tom Vanden (28 June 2007). 7667:Knickmeyer, Ellen (5 April 2005). 7548:Poole, Oliver (22 February 2005). 7507:Raghavan, Sudarsan (4 July 2008). 7200:Barnard, Anne (28 November 2004). 7174:Schmitt, Eric (15 November 2004). 6803:. 19 December 2004. Archived from 6307:Johnson, Kimberly (27 June 2006). 6025: 5666:Waterman, Shaun (2 January 2008). 5257:. 16 February 2004. Archived from 5116:Roggio, Bill (26 September 2005). 4812:"An Iraq Interrogator's Nightmare" 3771:Peter, Tom A. (2 September 2008). 3294:Human rights in post-invasion Iraq 2927:In June the Marine Corps launched 2862:1st Battalion, 77th Armor Regiment 2191:On 17 February, Brigadier General 2186:Anonymous Marine on the IED threat 1851:. Many of these hostages, such as 1761:the Vietnam War to be awarded the 1467:At the beginning of 2004, General 832:consisted of fighting between the 445:Abu Abdullah al-Rashid al-Baghdadi 25: 17688: 17440:Efforts to impeach George W. Bush 17305:Aviation shootdowns and accidents 17071: 16820:Senate Report on WMD Intelligence 16555:Prosecution for the 2003 invasion 15701:Mukaradeeb wedding party massacre 13900:Saddam–al-Qaeda conspiracy theory 13146:"Interview with LTC John A. Nagl" 12663:"VI. Iraqi Refugees and Migrants" 12376:from the original on 25 July 2010 12059:. 7 December 2011. Archived from 11720:Dagher, Sam (12 September 2009). 11627:Soriano, James (6 October 2009). 11497:"US hands over key Iraq province" 11354:Brook, Tom Vanden (7 July 2008). 11307:Radio Free Europe / Radio Liberty 10720:Hoffman, Michael (22 July 2007). 10526:"Securing Eastern Anbar Province" 10235:"A Deadly Clash at Donkey Island" 10185:Roggio, Bill (25 February 2007). 10140:. Associated Press. 17 March 2007 9818:. 11 January 2007. Archived from 9123:"Petraeus: We're Making Progress" 8360:Wong, Edward (22 December 2005). 8291:Jordan, Karen (3 December 2005). 8236:Barnard, Anne (30 October 2005). 8191:. Associated Press. 5 August 2005 8065:Knickmeyer, Ellen (16 May 2005). 8039:Knickmeyer, Ellen (11 May 2005). 7922:. Associated Press. 4 August 2005 7296:"Who Won the Battle of Fallujah?" 7260:Jamail, Dahr (16 November 2004). 6678:"Bigley body claims investigated" 6437:"11 dead in Iraq suicide attacks" 6167:Lowe, Christian (5 August 2006). 6129:Tyson, Ann Scott (23 July 2004). 6104:Who's Who in Marine Corps History 4581:Sherwell, Philip (15 June 2003). 4502:. 14 January 2004. Archived from 3624:March 2005 – February 2006 ( 3603:March 2006 – February 2007 ( 3593:March 2004 – February 2005 ( 864:primarily between insurgents and 17582: 17573: 17565: 17564: 17555: 16710:Violence against Iraqi academics 15707:Haifa Street helicopter incident 15155:Valiant Guardian (Harris Ba'sil) 14434: 12916: 12849: 12837: 12825: 12799: 12780:Tilghman, Andrew (5 June 2006). 12773: 12747: 12735: 12693: 12681: 12654: 12642: 12630: 12604: 12592: 12580: 12537: 12511: 12492: 12466: 12440: 12414: 12388: 12355: 12329: 12303: 12266: 12240: 12213: 12201: 12189: 12108:Healy, Jack (14 December 2011). 12101: 12075: 12045: 12019: 11925: 11899: 11873: 11847: 11821: 11794: 11768: 11713: 11672: 11646: 11620: 11594: 11515: 11463: 11445:Dagher, Sam (10 November 2008). 11438: 11426: 11406:Yacoub, Sameer (1 August 2008). 11399: 11347: 11328:Tilghman, Andrew (12 May 2008). 11321: 11295: 11259: 11233: 11206: 11180: 11131: 11128:, pp. 248, 267–268 (Vol. 1) 11090: 11070:Gamel, Kim (21 September 2007). 11063: 10987: 10928: 10897: 10863: 10841: 10790: 10744: 10679: 10667: 10655: 10598: 10580:"2/6 kicks off Operation Alljah" 10572: 10560: 10548: 10474:"Roadside bombs decline in Iraq" 10465: 10439: 10413: 10357: 10331: 10305: 10278: 10252: 10226: 10178: 10152: 10126: 10100: 10074: 10022: 9996: 9910: 9884: 9858: 9846: 9834: 9804: 9791:United Press International (UPI) 9765:United Press International (UPI) 9740: 9714: 9687: 9661: 9649: 9622: 9591: 9535: 9523: 9497: 9473: 9382: 9299: 9273: 9251: 9237: 9223: 9220:3/2 Contact Report via Wikileaks 9214: 9202: 9183:Michaels, Jim (28 August 2006). 9176: 9145: 9102: 9090: 9047: 9021: 9009: 8983: 8971: 8959: 8947: 8860: 8822:. Associated Press. 14 June 2006 8808: 8777: 8751: 8708: 8569: 8557: 8495: 8479:. 23 August 2005. Archived from 8465: 8453:. United States State Department 8439: 8409: 8379: 8327: 8315: 8284: 8229: 8203: 8177: 8165: 8139: 8113: 8058: 8003: 7977: 7893: 7874:Locker, Ray (16 February 2008). 7790:Shachtman, Noah (14 June 2011). 7783: 7757: 7686: 7660: 7629: 7617: 7591: 7579: 7567: 7541: 7500: 7441:Wong, Edward (25 January 2005). 7434: 7408: 7396: 7357: 7345: 7253: 7231: 7219: 7193: 7167: 7141: 7115: 7057: 7016: 7004: 6992: 6980: 6968: 6956: 6944: 6932: 6891: 6879: 6848: 6789: 6754: 6723: 6711: 6670: 6640: 6614: 6602: 6572: 6560: 6548: 6536: 6499:"Al-Qaeda Loses an Iraqi Friend" 6490: 6478: 6451: 6429: 6403: 6377: 6365: 6326: 6283: 6261: 6239: 6213: 6191: 6160: 6148: 6122: 6092: 6070: 6058: 6046: 5982: 5970: 5958: 5902: 5851: 5839: 5812: 5786: 5760: 5748: 5736: 5724: 5697: 5685: 5672:United Press International (UPI) 5056:Aneja, Atul (18 December 2003). 5020:"Spare the Rod, Save the Nation" 4956:"Violent Fallujah Becomes Quiet" 4664:"New casualties test US resolve" 3728: 3711: 3694: 3681: 3649: 3636:March 2009 – January 2010 ( 3499: 3485: 3396: 3183:(ISI), an umbrella group led by 3040:United States Ambassador to Iraq 1897:on the Second Battle of Fallujah 1722:Ramadi and western Anbar in 2004 578: 569: 558: 523: 517:Multi National Force – West 512: 308: 236: 164: 135: 115: 48: 17556: 17330:Most-wanted Iraqi playing cards 16857:Pre-war international reactions 14663:Islamic Supreme Council of Iraq 14373:Coalition Provisional Authority 14028:Saddam Hussein and human rights 13388:(Naval Institute, 2013) 293 pp. 12806:Perry, Tony (2 February 2007). 12165:Ball, James (21 October 2010). 11751:"Iraq suicide bombing kills 25" 11629:"Mission Accomplished in Anbar" 11601:Shanker, Thom (2 August 2009). 10397:. 25 April 2007. Archived from 10259:Eisler, Peter (1 August 2007). 10003:Schogol, Jeff (28 April 2007). 8758:Cloud, David S. (2 June 2006). 8727:McIntyre, Jamie (18 May 2006). 8210:Roggio, Bill (11 August 2005). 7845:Shachtman, Noah (22 May 2007). 7764:Schmitt, Eric (19 March 2005). 6730:Rubin, Michael (25 June 2004). 6622:"South Korean hostage executed" 6078:"Marines Recount Fierce Battle" 5659: 5647: 5635: 5623: 5611: 5599: 5537: 5515: 5467: 5455: 5443: 5431: 5273: 5243: 5231: 5209: 5171: 5159: 5147: 5135: 5109: 5082: 5049: 5037: 5011: 5002: 4990: 4978: 4948: 4922: 4900: 4882: 4870: 4858: 4803: 4791: 4750: 4738: 4682: 4656: 4631: 4600: 4583:"Foreigners aid Iraqi fighters" 4574: 4548: 4518: 4488: 4451: 4404: 4392: 4363: 4351: 4339: 4305: 4293: 4252: 4223: 4197: 4166: 4074: 4043: 4031: 3987: 3975: 3963: 3561: 2562:The Second Battle of Habbaniyah 2556:The Second Battle of Habbaniyah 2197:Mine Resistant Ambush Protected 1577:General James T. Conway on the 1514:used by the Marines during the 1231:— Religious student in Fallujah 1216:Fallujah killings of April 2003 1040:Coalition Provisional Authority 1023:, and the artificially created 17179:"Smoking gun / mushroom cloud" 16765:Kidnapping of Angelo dela Cruz 16268:Attacks on Christians in Mosul 15696:Murder of Muhamad Husain Kadir 15646: 13955:Colin Powell's UN presentation 12447:McCarthy, Rory (20 May 2004). 12421:McCarthy, Rory (19 May 2004). 11575:Peter, Tom (13 January 2009). 10766:Gamel, Kim (4 December 2007). 8784:Walker, Mark (22 April 2010). 8631:Perry, Tony (6 January 2012). 8602:White, Josh (6 January 2007). 7985:"Valor awards for Todd Corbin" 7944:Roggio, Bill (4 August 2005). 6220:Zoroya, Gregg (11 July 2004). 6131:"Fallujah parallels in Ramadi" 5989:Zoroya, Gregg (12 July 2004). 5793:Zoroya, Gregg (13 June 2004). 5767:Filkins, Dexter (4 May 2004). 4810:Fair, Eric (9 February 2007). 4757:Rosen, Nir (30 October 2003). 4093:Struck, Doug (8 August 2004). 3875: 3845: 3790: 3552: 3542: 3136:Maamoon Sami Rasheed al-Alwani 2897:Commandant of the Marine Corps 2817:15th Marine Expeditionary Unit 2690:were positioned. One of them, 2279:Maamoon Sami Rasheed al-Alwani 2211:Western Euphrates River Valley 1820:Association of Muslim Scholars 1818:, leader of the pro-insurgent 1555:M113 armored personnel carrier 638:Battles and operations of the 519:37,000 (Peak in February 2008) 351:Maamoon Sami Rasheed al-Alwani 13: 1: 17467:Guantanamo Bay detention camp 17425:Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty 17315:Coalition military operations 17043:U.S.-led intervention in Iraq 15361:Baghdad International Airport 14353:U.S. kill or capture strategy 14180:2006 al-Askari mosque bombing 13730:Chemical attacks against Iran 13171:. Columbia University Press. 13026:. United States Marine Corps. 12897:Sly, Liz (10 December 2011). 12873:"What's an Iraqi Life Worth?" 12856:McWilliams & Wheeler 2009 12846:, pp. 46–51, 71 (Vol. 2) 12844:McWilliams & Wheeler 2009 12832:McWilliams & Wheeler 2009 12754:Hider, James (2 April 2009). 12649:McWilliams & Wheeler 2009 12611:White, Josh (3 August 2005). 12395:Zak, Dan (26 November 2011). 12208:McWilliams & Wheeler 2009 11708:McWilliams & Wheeler 2009 11659:The Christian Science Monitor 11581:The Christian Science Monitor 11447:"And Here's Me With ..." 11126:McWilliams & Wheeler 2009 10524:Roggio, Bill (15 June 2007). 10498:Roggio, Bill (21 June 2007). 9785:Hess, Pamela (6 March 2007). 9759:Hess, Pamela (5 March 2007). 9510:The Christian Science Monitor 8923:Walker, Mark (15 June 2011). 8689:White, Josh (21 April 2007). 8576:White, Josh (20 April 2007). 8533:McGirk, Tim (19 March 2006). 8508:The Christian Science Monitor 8172:McWilliams & Wheeler 2009 7176:"A Goal Is Met. What's Next?" 7011:McWilliams & Wheeler 2009 6987:McWilliams & Wheeler 2009 6951:McWilliams & Wheeler 2009 6586:. 11 May 2004. Archived from 6135:The Christian Science Monitor 5642:McWilliams & Wheeler 2009 5618:McWilliams & Wheeler 2009 5544:McWilliams & Wheeler 2009 5330:McWilliams & Wheeler 2009 5190:Patrick, Graham (June 2004). 4931:"US copter shot down; 16 die" 4446:McWilliams & Wheeler 2009 4387:McWilliams & Wheeler 2009 4204:Cox, Matthew (8 April 2004). 4146:Gresham, John D. (May 2010). 4119:Gresham, John D. (May 2010). 4009:McWilliams & Wheeler 2009 3777:The Christian Science Monitor 3741: 3620:II Marine Expeditionary Force 3530:American occupation of Ramadi 3257: 3077: 2275:Raja Nawaf Farhan al-Mahalawi 2217:AQI's car bombings in Baghdad 2069:Iraqi parliamentary elections 2029:United States Naval Institute 1910:, a Marine and Corpsman from 1838:2006 al-Askari Mosque bombing 1477:United States Central Command 1308:US list of most-wanted Iraqis 1266:", and on 23 May 2003 issued 1071:held considerable influence. 984: 342:Raja Nawaf Farhan al-Mahalawi 17450:Torture in the United States 17196:"There are unknown unknowns" 16728:Post-invasion WMD conjecture 16157:2007 Karbala mosque bombings 15859:Killing of Manadel al-Jamadi 15853:Death of Abed Hamed Mowhoush 15731:Mahmudiyah rape and killings 15678:U.S. killings of journalists 15171:Defeat Al Qaeda in the North 14390:2005 parliamentary elections 14104: 11854:Zak, Dan (10 October 2011). 11213:Gamel, Kim (15 April 2008). 10906:"The Gettysburg of This War" 9389:Lubin, Andrew (April 2008). 9341:"Anatomy of a Tribal Revolt" 9261:. Legacy.com. September 2006 9071:Michaels, Jim (1 May 2007). 7636:Myers, Lisa (7 April 2005). 6497:Ghosh, Bobby (14 May 2007). 5058:"Rallies, rioting rock Iraq" 4389:, pp. vii–viii (Vol. 2) 4181:. Sua Sponte. Archived from 4175:"The Battle of Hadithah Dam" 3589:I Marine Expeditionary Force 3515:Iraqi insurgency (2011–2013) 3448: 3356:for years after the battle. 3072: 2269:ambushed and killed a dozen 2205:Joint Light Tactical Vehicle 2123:Improvised Explosive Devices 1728:Iraq spring fighting of 2004 1492:I Marine Expeditionary Force 1479:(CENTCOM) commander General 1423:Chinook transport helicopter 1246:3rd Armored Cavalry Regiment 1206:at Ramadi on 15 April 2003. 870:improvised explosive devices 27:Campaign during the Iraq War 7: 17484:Military–industrial complex 17414: 16526:Torture by the Wolf Brigade 14603:Ansar al-Islam in Kurdistan 14593:Jama'at al-Tawhid wal-Jihad 14586:Jaish al-Ta'ifa al-Mansurah 14264:Mission Accomplished speech 13922:Oil as a possible rationale 13674: 13536:(Motion Picture). Haditha: 12967:The Iraq Study Group Report 11653:Arraf, Jane (13 May 2009). 11380:Cocks, Tim (27 June 2008). 10851:. Reuters. 3 September 2007 10557:, pp. 167–170, 242–243 9586:Smith & MacFarland 2008 9480:Smith & MacFarland 2008 9306:Smith & MacFarland 2008 9141:– via The Australian. 9097:Smith & MacFarland 2008 9016:Smith & MacFarland 2008 8954:Smith & MacFarland 2008 8174:, pp. 105–106 (Vol. 1) 5332:, pp. 215, 241 (Vol 1) 5093:. Bloomberg. Archived from 4759:"Every Time the Wind Blows" 4526:"Khamis Sirhan al-Muhammad" 4312:Reeves, Phil (4 May 2003). 4152:www.defensemedianetwork.com 4125:www.defensemedianetwork.com 3478: 3162: 2931:to secure Fallujah, Karma, 2828:shot down eight helicopters 2788:execution of Saddam Hussein 2766:. The berming was part of 2339:ratify the new constitution 2330:against the border town of 2151:improvised explosive device 2129:Improvised explosive device 1712:Distinguished Service Cross 1680:into nearby insurgent-held 1448:Abdullah Abu Azzam al-Iraqi 1112: 911:by U.S. soldiers during an 413:Abdullah Abu Azzam al-Iraqi 58:patrol through the town of 10: 17693: 17607:Anbar campaign (2003–2011) 17499:Petrodollar warfare theory 16614: 16511:Raid on Camp Ashraf (2011) 15969:Karbala and Najaf bombings 15690:Killing of Nadhem Abdullah 14207:Status of forces agreement 13996:Legitimacy of the invasion 13123:; Al-Arian, Laila (2009). 12858:, pp. 53, 66 (Vol. 2) 12587:Hedges & Al-Arian 2009 11554:Jane's Intelligence Review 9506:"'Anbar model' under fire" 7266:Inter Press Service Agency 6953:, pp. 79, 90 (Vol. 1) 4607:Lobe, Jim (17 June 2003). 3657:Houghton, Tech Sgt. John. 3520:Anbar campaign (2013–2014) 3426:executions, like those of 3291: 2945:1st Battalion 25th Marines 2920: 2874: 2805:State of the Union Address 2609: 2559: 2472: 2390: 2319: 2306:Amphibious Assault Vehicle 2236:3rd Battalion 25th Marines 2143:3rd Battalion 25th Marines 2126: 1882: 1725: 1693:Jasim Mohammed Habib Saleh 1572:Al Jazeera kicked our ass. 1564: 1496:Multi-National Forces West 1383:also operated covertly in 1213: 1188:Iraqi Intelligence Service 1116: 988: 924:Valley. During this time, 641:Iraq War in Anbar Province 129:Multi-National Forces West 56:3rd Battalion, 3rd Marines 18:Iraq War in Anbar Province 17662:Campaigns of the Iraq War 17553: 17420: 17409: 17343: 17335:Private contractor deaths 17292: 17277:Old North Memorial Garden 17249: 17158:Old Europe and New Europe 17081: 17077: 17066: 17012: 16946: 16842: 16785:MoveOn.org ad controversy 16718: 16664:Al-Aimmah Bridge disaster 16642:Iraq Family Health Survey 16624: 16620: 16609: 16589: 16535: 16503: 16413: 16342: 16276: 16215: 16192:Al-Khilani mosque bombing 16084: 16038: 15987: 15921: 15890: 15878: 15807: 15788: 15743:Baghdad detainee killings 15663: 15652: 15641: 15600: 15579: 15541: 15485: 15444: 15403: 15322: 15216: 15209: 15189: 15163: 15052: 14996: 14930: 14874: 14776: 14769: 14765: 14751: 14696: 14637: 14608:Black Banner Organization 14531: 14522: 14446: 14442: 14429: 14348:Al Qa'qaa high explosives 14277: 14234:Preparations for invasion 14217: 14154:Capture of Saddam Hussein 14114: 14110: 14099: 14036: 14016:Saddam's alleged shredder 13930: 13853: 13750: 13693: 13686: 13682: 13669: 13659: 12985:Bouckaert, Peter (2003). 12713:"'Beheading rooms' found" 12667:Stuck in a Revolving Door 12501:"Falluja's Health Damage" 12210:, pp. 87–90 (Vol. 2) 12011:: CS1 maint: unfit URL ( 11805:. Reuters. Archived from 11287:: CS1 maint: unfit URL ( 9841:Baker & Hamilton 2006 9457:(1): 3–18. Archived from 9281:"LCpl. Philip A. Johnson" 8212:"The End of Quick Strike" 7973:Gordon & Trainor 2012 7900:Gordon & Trainor 2012 6875:– via Military.com. 6557:, pp. 68–73, 91, 253 6032:Virginia Quarterly Review 5644:, pp. 34–36 (Vol. 1) 5118:"The Demise of Abu Azzam" 4783:: CS1 maint: unfit URL ( 4627:– via OneWorld.net. 4318:The Independent on Sunday 4230:Gordon & Trainor 2007 3906:. Iraq Body Count Project 3689:Operation Phantom Thunder 3342:employed white phosphorus 3326:Second Battle of Fallujah 3217:— Iraqi Professor at the 3084:1st Battalion 7th Marines 2969:2nd Battalion 5th Marines 2953:2nd Battalion 6th Marines 2941:Operation Phantom Thunder 2813:1st Battalion 6th Marines 2772:2nd Battalion 3rd Marines 2509:Bradley Fighting Vehicles 2376:suicide bombings in Amman 2252:3rd Battalion 2nd Marines 2240:non-commissioned officers 2001:3rd Battalion 1st Marines 1985:Second Battle of Fallujah 1981:3rd Battalion 5th Marines 1977:3rd Battalion 1st Marines 1912:1st Battalion 8th Marines 1908:Second Battle of Fallujah 1885:Second Battle of Fallujah 1879:Second Battle of Fallujah 1801:1st Battalion 3rd Marines 1746:2nd Battalion 4th Marines 1674:3rd Battalion 4th Marines 1670:2nd Battalion 7th Marines 1653:2nd Battalion 1st Marines 1615:2nd Battalion 1st Marines 1611:1st Battalion 5th Marines 1591:1st Battalion 5th Marines 1523:3rd Battalion 7th Marines 1508:military transition teams 1454:against American forces. 1444:capture of Saddam Hussein 1315:Operation Desert Scorpion 918:Second Battle of Fallujah 650: 595: 551: 505: 462:Khamis Sirhan al-Muhammad 228: 107: 70: 47: 39: 34: 17526:Unitary executive theory 17230:Inverted totalitarianism 17120:Coalition of the willing 16970:Bring Them Home Now Tour 16869:Saddam Hussein interview 15673:During the 2003 invasion 14613:Wakefulness and Holy War 14571:Mujahideen Shura Council 14546:1920 Revolution Brigades 14011:Rapid response operation 14006:Military analyst program 13972:Failed peace initiatives 13439:. St. Martin's Griffin. 12949: 12423:"Wedding party massacre" 8733:Cable News Network (CNN) 8477:Cable News Network (CNN) 6926:13 December 2014 at the 6857:"Photographing Fallujah" 4500:Cable News Network (CNN) 3535: 3228:a number of car bombings 3144:Provincial Iraqi Control 2991:America declares victory 2870: 2823:as the last surge unit. 2798: 2723:— Colonel Peter Devlin, 2702:Mujahideen Shura Council 2234:On 7 May a platoon from 2107:missions, described as " 1770:Iraqi Interim Government 1595:First Battle of Fallujah 1579:First Battle of Fallujah 1567:First Battle of Fallujah 1561:First Battle of Fallujah 1473:Multinational Force Iraq 1417:During the insurgency's 1272:rocket-propelled grenade 895:. Following the fall of 597:Iraqi civilians: unknown 17472:Gulf of Tonkin incident 17457:Extraordinary rendition 17185:Star Spangled Ice Cream 16909:Oprah's Anti-war series 16775:Al Jazeera bombing memo 16733:Iraq scandal in Finland 16405:Baghdad church massacre 16092:Mustansiriya University 15908:Imam Ali mosque bombing 15865:Death of Fashad Mohamed 15755:Iraqi bodyguard killing 14624:Abu Bakr Al-Salafi Army 14397:Transitional Government 14378:Iraqi Governing Council 13834:U.S. War in Afghanistan 13711:1979 Ba'ath Party Purge 13383:Shultz, Richard H., Jr. 13045:Estes, Kenneth (2011). 13031:Estes, Kenneth (2009). 12284:: 24–30. Archived from 8041:"They Came Here to Die" 7430:– via Army Times. 7202:"Inside Fallujah's war" 6157:, pp. 237, 245–246 5008:West (2008), pp. 29–30. 4448:, pp. 8–9 (Vol. 2) 3857:Operation Iraqi Freedom 3827:Operation Iraqi Freedom 3659:"Iraqi Army Graduation" 3270:on the Marines in Anbar 3055:Anbar Salvation Council 2793: 2780:Iraq Study Group Report 2628:until his death in 2007 2497:1st Brigade Combat Team 2475:Battle of Ramadi (2006) 2469:Second Battle of Ramadi 2381: 2328:Operation Steel Curtain 2322:Operation Steel Curtain 2298:Operation Steel Curtain 2113:launched a major attack 2056: 2047:conventional engagement 1754:border city of Husaybah 1634:Iraqi Governing Council 1533:carrying four American 1512:Combined Action Program 1494:(I MEF), also known as 1457: 1107: 909:were killed in Fallujah 899:it was occupied by the 210:1920 Revolution Brigade 16516:Archaeological looting 16076:Hayy Al-Jihad massacre 16056:Buratha mosque bombing 15773:Nisour Square massacre 14254:Battle of Debecka Pass 14127:Occupation (2003–2011) 13986:Iraqi–Kurdish conflict 13800:Oil-for-Food Programme 13775:Sanctions against Iraq 13260:. St. Martin's Press. 13256:Michaels, Jim (2010). 13019:Devlin, Peter (2006). 10395:Defense Industry Daily 10369:Defense Industry Daily 9830:– via Breitbart. 9816:Marine Corps News Room 6736:National Review Online 6732:"The Fallujah Problem" 6439:. CNN. 23 October 2004 6034:(Winter 2007): 144–169 4910:. CNN. 2 November 2003 3476: 3410: 3394: 3362:bombed a wedding party 3334:extrajudicial killings 3329: 3303: 3282:burning American flags 3277:25th Infantry Division 3271: 3214: 3139: 3111: 3020: 3008: 2963: 2886: 2877:MRAP (armored vehicle) 2720: 2658:Abdul Sattar Abu Risha 2653: 2629: 2622:Abdul Sattar Abu Risha 2586: 2576:RUBICON and SIDEWINDER 2491:In June 2006, Colonel 2488: 2406: 2302:Operation Quick Strike 2246:, against the town of 2189: 2146: 2139:Operation Quick Strike 2097:28th Infantry Division 2040: 1987: 1920:reelected as president 1915: 1900: 1783:with the kidnappings. 1660: 1597: 1583: 1414: 1395:November–December 2003 1370:On 31 October, during 1368: 1341: 1302: 1291: 1253:"massacre" in Fallujah 1228: 1079: 1000: 940:Abdul Sattar Abu Risha 930:an intelligence report 905:82nd Airborne Division 834:United States military 483:Mohammed Mahmoud Latif 457:Izzat Ibrahim Al-Douri 368:Abdul Sattar Abu Risha 229:Commanders and leaders 205:Ba'ath Party Loyalists 17541:Ba'ath Party archives 17146:"Mother of All Bombs" 16938:Bush shoeing incident 16882:Views on the invasion 16738:Dixie Chicks comments 16681:2007 cholera outbreak 16187:Al-Askari mosque 2007 16161:Massacres of Yazidis 16051:Al-Askari mosque 2006 15847:Killing of Baha Mousa 15761:Iron Triangle Murders 15719:Basra prison incident 15498:Karbala provincial HQ 14598:Jamaat Ansar al-Sunna 14576:Islamic State of Iraq 14190:2007 U.S. troop surge 13725:U.S. support for Iraq 13599:"Rules of Engagement" 13572:Occupation: Dreamland 13513:. Tempest Publishing. 13413:10.1353/jmh.2008.0120 13368:. Henry Holt and Co. 13285:. United States Army. 13237:on 21 September 2012. 12338:"What the Marine Did" 11710:, p. 36 (Vol. 2) 9880:– via Fox News. 9397:. The Naval Institute 7626:, pp. 75, 98–100 7302:. The Naval Institute 7013:, p. 95 (Vol. 1) 6989:, p. 94 (Vol. 1) 6763:"Who Is Abu Zarqawi?" 6100:"Cpl Jason L. Dunham" 5694:, pp. 68–73, 118 5620:, p. 34 (Vol. 1) 5608:, pp. 6–7, 59–60 5546:, p. 49 (Vol. 1) 4011:, p. 33 (Vol. 2) 3468: 3404: 3389: 3323: 3298: 3265: 3210: 3181:Islamic State of Iraq 3129: 3107: 3010: 2998: 2961: 2905:Department of Defense 2884: 2716: 2706:Islamic State of Iraq 2651: 2619: 2584: 2485:6th Infantry Regiment 2483:US soldiers from the 2482: 2400: 2316:October–December 2005 2267:Jamaat Ansar al-Sunna 2179: 2136: 2021: 1974: 1905: 1888: 1647:Marines from Captain 1646: 1630:collective punishment 1588: 1570: 1408: 1363: 1339: 1296: 1281: 1224: 1204:3rd Infantry Division 1119:2003 invasion of Iraq 1077: 998: 989:Further information: 876:around the cities of 838:Iraqi security forces 552:Casualties and losses 431:Abu Suleiman al-Naser 215:Jamaat Ansar al-Sunna 195:Islamic State of Iraq 17677:Al Anbar Governorate 17509:Special Relationship 17283:Saving Iraqi Culture 16791:Six Days in Fallujah 16753:Death of David Kelly 16476:Al Diwaniyah bombing 15949:2004 church bombings 15913:Baghdad October 2003 15841:Death of Nagem Hatab 15176:Augurs of Prosperity 14683:Promised Day Brigade 14541:Islamic Army in Iraq 14289:Occupation of Ramadi 14259:Firdos Square statue 14239:Multi-National Force 14073:Bush–Blair 2003 memo 13938:American imperialism 13829:2001 anthrax attacks 13812:September 11 attacks 13597:(19 February 2008). 13530:(17 December 2007). 13435:Urban, Mark (2012). 13167:Kukis, Mark (2011). 12723:on 28 September 2012 12669:. Human Rights Watch 12651:, p. 34 (Vol 2) 12057:Agence France Presse 11968:on 27 September 2011 11477:on 16 September 2012 10916:on 21 September 2013 9955:on 28 September 2011 9461:on 17 September 2012 7950:The Long War Journal 7946:"The Anbar Campaign" 7103:on 22 September 2008 6861:Leatherneck Magazine 6773:(35). Archived from 4879:, pp. 27–31, 36 4587:The Washington Times 4324:on 26 September 2011 4062:on 30 September 2007 3945:South-Central Region 3927:, pp. 14, 27–29 3507:United States portal 3185:Abu Omar al-Baghdadi 2976:Saladin Governorates 2775:one every few days. 2550:civil war in Baghdad 2546:Battle of Stalingrad 2527:of insurgents, then 2501:1st Armored Division 2290:countless operations 1932:Black Watch Regiment 1895:Abu Musab al-Zarqawi 1791:, serving in nearby 1735:1978 Tehran protests 1431:Secretary of Defense 1156:75th Ranger Regiment 1102:Abu Musab al-Zarqawi 991:Al Anbar Governorate 395:Abu Musab al-Zarqawi 88:Al Anbar Governorate 64:Al Anbar Governorate 17262:Al-Shaheed Monument 17131:Embedded journalism 17097:Outposts of tyranny 16995:2007 Port of Tacoma 16887:U.S. public opinion 16676:Humanitarian crisis 16561:Abtan v. Blackwater 16420:Nationwide attacks 16349:Nationwide attacks 16170:Qahtaniyah bombings 16060:Sadr City bombings 15979:Kufa mosque bombing 15556:Iraqi Day of Ashura 14316:U.S. military bases 14244:Battle of Nasiriyah 14185:Civil war (2006–08) 14067:Letter of the eight 14051:Downing Street memo 13795:Arms-to-Iraq affair 13430:on 3 November 2011. 13162:on 28 December 2010 13099:Trainor, Bernard E. 13071:Trainor, Bernard E. 12903:The Washington Post 12877:The Washington Post 12617:The Washington Post 12507:(13 December 2004). 12401:The Washington Post 12291:on 27 February 2013 12226:The Washington Post 11860:The Washington Post 11685:The Washington Post 11528:The Washington Post 11167:The Washington Post 11104:. 14 September 2007 11050:The Washington Post 10879:The Free Lance–Star 10873:(18 January 2007). 10643:on 19 November 2011 10239:The Washington Post 10113:The Washington Post 9922:The Washington Post 9872:on 25 December 2011 9822:on 25 February 2014 9674:The Washington Post 9127:The Weekly Standard 9034:The Daily Telegraph 8935:on 15 December 2011 8695:The Washington Post 8608:The Washington Post 8582:The Washington Post 8483:on 23 November 2011 8397:on 15 November 2011 8387:"Iraq Final Report" 8340:The Washington Post 8303:on 23 February 2014 8271:The Washington Post 8126:The Washington Post 8100:The Washington Post 8071:The Washington Post 8045:The Washington Post 7730:The Washington Post 7673:The Washington Post 7554:The Daily Telegraph 7513:The Washington Post 7370:The Washington Post 7129:on 28 November 2010 6910:on 19 December 2014 6767:The Weekly Standard 6705:The Washington Post 6611:, pp. 157, 224 6590:on 20 November 2011 6464:The Washington Post 6374:, pp. 248, 251 6179:on 21 November 2011 5979:, pp. 162, 347 5946:on 16 December 2013 5299:on 29 November 2010 5261:on 13 February 2012 5097:on 28 December 2013 4816:The Washington Post 4695:The Washington Post 4619:on 31 December 2011 4530:Rewards for Justice 4099:The Washington Post 3951:on 15 December 2006 3941:"Al-Anbar Province" 3863:on 24 December 2011 3706:Nineveh Governorate 3381:Abed Hamed Mowhoush 3373:rules of engagement 3369:Escalation of Force 3288:Human rights abuses 3240:Karbala Governorate 3235:, who lost an arm. 3219:University of Anbar 3169:Army Special Forces 2949:6th Marine Regiment 2744:The Washington Post 2459:dereliction of duty 2451:preliminary hearing 2101:2nd Marine Regiment 2078:Iraqi Islamic Party 1928:Richard F. Natonski 1924:1st Marine Division 1780:Abd al-Karim Barjas 1544:Battle of Mogadishu 887:Al Anbar, the only 328:Abd al-Karim Barjas 17667:Occupation of Iraq 17000:September 15, 2007 16980:September 24, 2005 16770:2004 document leak 16568:Hamdan v. Rumsfeld 16548:Hague Invasion Act 16319:Baghdad–Miqdadiyah 16207:Al Amarah bombings 16046:Karbala and Ramadi 15713:Tal Afar shootings 15571:Al-Qaeda offensive 15356:Good Friday ambush 15346:Siege of Sadr City 14907:Phantom Linebacker 14897:New Dawn (Al Fajr) 14673:Soldiers of Heaven 14551:Jaish al-Rashideen 14385:Interim Government 14294:De-Ba'athification 13960:Disarmament crisis 13948:Wolfowitz Doctrine 13893:Mobile weapon labs 13878:Biological weapons 13868:Yellowcake uranium 13763:Invasion of Kuwait 13742:Iran–Contra affair 13706:Iranian Revolution 13701:17 July Revolution 13533:Battle for Haditha 13095:Gordon, Michael R. 13067:Gordon, Michael R. 12991:Human Rights Watch 12934:on 24 January 2012 12744:, pp. 274–275 12254:. 30 November 2005 12198:, pp. 109–110 12177:on 9 November 2011 12145:The New York Times 12114:The New York Times 12063:on 8 December 2011 12033:on 12 January 2012 12007:cite press release 11938:The New York Times 11913:. 14 December 2011 11911:The New York Times 11886:The New York Times 11834:The New York Times 11809:on 3 November 2011 11781:The New York Times 11726:The New York Times 11633:The New York Times 11607:The New York Times 11503:. 1 September 2008 11450:The New York Times 11334:Marine Corps Times 11283:cite press release 11221:. Associated Press 11140:, pp. 259–261 11078:. Associated Press 10949:on 25 January 2012 10753:, pp. 280–285 10732:on 7 December 2011 10726:Marine Corps Times 10676:, pp. 220–221 10586:on 13 January 2008 10569:, pp. 286–288 10371:. 26 February 2007 10293:. Associated Press 10222:– via MSNBC. 10166:. 24 February 2007 10087:The New York Times 9949:Marine Corps Times 9898:. 31 December 2006 9855:, pp. 190–192 9700:New Zealand Herald 9646:, pp. 162–165 9610:on 21 January 2016 9494:, pp. 136–139 9433:, pp. 104–108 9345:Small Wars Journal 9339:(29 August 2007). 9323:, pp. 114–117 9231:"Eric W. Herzberg" 9164:on 18 October 2017 9133:on 10 January 2008 8929:North County Times 8904:. Associated Press 8848:. 21 December 2006 8790:North County Times 8764:The New York Times 8666:The New York Times 8604:"Death in Haditha" 8366:The New York Times 8153:on 5 February 2011 7902:, pp. 163–164 7770:The New York Times 7447:The New York Times 7180:The New York Times 7097:Marine Corps Times 7072:. Associated Press 6965:, pp. 260–263 6867:on 1 February 2012 6835:The New York Times 6720:, pp. 233–243 6652:Cable News Network 6569:, pp. 134–135 6545:, pp. 451–452 6533:, pp. 408–409 6487:, pp. 248–249 6416:The New York Times 6362:, pp. 240–242 6335:, pp. 245–246 6173:Marine Corps Times 6055:, pp. 105–110 5967:, pp. 161–164 5821:, pp. 218–220 5773:The New York Times 5757:, pp. 213–214 5745:, pp. 158–159 5733:, pp. 144–148 5706:, pp. 119–120 5502:The New York Times 5476:"Private Warriors" 5452:, pp. 149–150 5440:, pp. 31, 150 5320:, pp. 239–244 5024:The New York Times 4987:, pp. 10, 147 4845:The New York Times 4643:The New York Times 4536:on 1 November 2011 4232:, pp. 497–498 3626:Stephen T. Johnson 3578:changes of command 3419:Human Rights Watch 3411: 3330: 3272: 3268:Raymond T. Odierno 3140: 3036:Commanding General 3009: 2964: 2887: 2865:near Donkey Island 2768:Operation Al Majid 2712:Operation Al Majid 2698:Michael A. Monsoor 2654: 2630: 2626:Awakening movement 2606:Awakening movement 2587: 2538:Abu Ayyub al-Masri 2521:Clear, Hold, Build 2489: 2455:negligent homicide 2407: 2292:, with names like 2171:electronic warfare 2169:devices and other 2167:electronic jamming 2147: 2105:search and destroy 2062:January–April 2005 1996:battle of Hue City 1988: 1959:Abu Ghraib scandal 1936:Abdullah al-Janabi 1926:commander General 1916: 1826:Insurgency in 2004 1716:Douglas A. Zembiec 1661: 1649:Douglas A. Zembiec 1598: 1483:and Major General 1463:January–March 2004 1415: 1346:Human Rights Watch 1342: 1303: 1264:de-Ba'athification 1236:Shortly after the 1080: 1001: 817:2009 AQI Offensive 800:2008 AQI Offensive 492:Abdullah al-Janabi 474:Nasser al-Fahadawi 453:Sunni Nationalists 271:Stephen T. Johnson 54:U.S. Marines from 17594: 17593: 17549: 17548: 17405: 17404: 17401: 17400: 17245: 17244: 17202:Triangle of Death 17062: 17061: 17058: 17057: 17013:Aftermath in Iraq 16960:February 15, 2003 16914:Iraqi map pendant 16877: 16876: 16838: 16837: 16659:Damage to Baghdad 16605: 16604: 16601: 16600: 16521:Chlorine bombings 16499: 16498: 16456:Arba'een bombings 16263:Balad Ruz bombing 16096:Baghdad bombings 16030:Khanaqin bombings 16009:Baghdad bombings 15953:Baghdad bombings 15898:Jordanian embassy 15874: 15873: 15817:Abu Ghraib prison 15767:Baghdad airstrike 15749:Hamdania incident 15683:Fallujah killings 15657:Occupation forces 15637: 15636: 15633: 15632: 15596: 15595: 15336:Karbala City Hall 15314:Ramadan Offensive 15304: 15303: 15205: 15204: 14938:Able Rising Force 14789:Bayonet Lightning 14747: 14746: 14743: 14742: 14739: 14738: 14688:Kata'ib Hezbollah 14678:Asa'ib Ahl al-Haq 14658:Badr Organization 14425: 14424: 14421: 14420: 14417: 14416: 14269:US public opinion 14095: 14094: 14091: 14090: 14056:September Dossier 13849: 13848: 13768:Nayirah testimony 13661:Beginning of the 13494:978-1-4000-6701-5 13470:978-0-553-80402-7 13375:978-0-8050-7602-8 13330:978-1-59420-197-4 13323:. Penguin Press. 13299:. Penguin Press. 13276:Patriquin, Travis 13267:978-0-312-58746-8 13202:on 29 April 2011. 13178:978-0-231-15692-9 13136:978-1-56858-373-0 13086:978-0-375-42262-1 13079:. Vintage Books. 13011:978-0-313-34997-3 12977:978-0-307-38656-4 12970:. Vintage Books. 12812:Los Angeles Times 12786:Stars and Stripes 12524:Los Angeles Times 12480:on 13 August 2012 11755:Los Angeles Times 10692:Stars and Stripes 10536:on 30 August 2008 10009:Stars and Stripes 9924:. 23 January 2007 9843:, pp. 11, 20 8996:Los Angeles Times 8637:Los Angeles Times 7648:on 4 January 2014 7604:Los Angeles Times 6941:, pp. 53, 57 6777:on 16 August 2004 6742:on 11 August 2011 6026:Morris, David J. 5586:Los Angeles Times 5525:. CNN. 6 May 2004 5196:Harper's Magazine 5070:on 3 January 2004 4896:. 9 January 2004. 4185:on 6 January 2012 4056:Terrorism Monitor 3669:on 5 January 2014 3645: 3644: 3605:Richard C. Zilmer 3173:a raid into Syria 3101:Task Force Knight 3067:Ayman al-Zawahiri 2840:chlorine bombings 2244:Operation Matador 2117:Abu Ghraib prison 2109:cordon and search 2067:security for the 1972: 1676:also conducted a 1651:'s Echo Company, 1531:ambushed a convoy 1504:counterinsurgency 1419:Ramadan Offensive 1406: 1372:Operation Abalone 1278:June–October 2003 1210:Insurgency begins 975:political control 858:counterinsurgency 825: 824: 679:Blackwater Ambush 655:Fallujah killings 604: 603: 404:Mekjonz the Great 276:Richard C. Zilmer 103: 102: 16:(Redirected from 17684: 17586: 17585: 17577: 17568: 17567: 17559: 17558: 17411: 17410: 17225:Global arrogance 17215: 17214: 17079: 17078: 17068: 17067: 17037:War against ISIL 17020:The rise of ISIL 16985:January 27, 2007 16975:January 20, 2005 16847: 16846: 16810: 16809: 16698:Iraqi Christians 16622: 16621: 16611: 16610: 16504:Other war crimes 16435:Bagdad bombings 16364:Bagdad bombings 16283:Bagdad bombings 16222:Bagdad bombings 16152:Iraqi Parliament 16005:Musayyib bombing 15888: 15887: 15725:Haditha massacre 15661: 15660: 15654: 15653: 15643: 15642: 15221: 15220: 15214: 15213: 15044:Together Forward 14917:Vigilant Resolve 14851:Peninsula Strike 14774: 14773: 14767: 14766: 14753: 14752: 14668:Sheibani Network 14581:Al-Qaeda in Iraq 14529: 14528: 14444: 14443: 14431: 14430: 14359: 14358: 14331:Development Fund 14112: 14111: 14101: 14100: 14078:February Dossier 13883:Chemical weapons 13691: 13690: 13684: 13683: 13671: 13670: 13645: 13638: 13631: 13622: 13621: 13606: 13589: 13582:"The Insurgency" 13576: 13565: 13552: 13541: 13528:Broomfield, Nick 13514: 13498: 13487:. Random House. 13474: 13463:. Bantam Books. 13450: 13431: 13429: 13423:. Archived from 13398: 13379: 13365:Night Draws Near 13355: 13353: 13346: 13334: 13310: 13286: 13284: 13271: 13252: 13246: 13238: 13236: 13229: 13217: 13211: 13203: 13201: 13194: 13182: 13163: 13161: 13150: 13140: 13129:. Nation Books. 13116: 13090: 13062: 13060: 13053: 13041: 13039: 13027: 13025: 13015: 12994: 12981: 12962:Hamilton, Lee H. 12944: 12943: 12941: 12939: 12920: 12914: 12913: 12911: 12909: 12894: 12888: 12887: 12885: 12883: 12868: 12859: 12853: 12847: 12841: 12835: 12829: 12823: 12822: 12820: 12818: 12803: 12797: 12796: 12794: 12792: 12777: 12771: 12770: 12768: 12766: 12751: 12745: 12739: 12733: 12732: 12730: 12728: 12709: 12703: 12702:, pp. 68–71 12697: 12691: 12685: 12679: 12678: 12676: 12674: 12658: 12652: 12646: 12640: 12634: 12628: 12627: 12625: 12623: 12608: 12602: 12596: 12590: 12589:, pp. 43–44 12584: 12578: 12577: 12575: 12573: 12558: 12547: 12546:, pp. 75–81 12541: 12535: 12534: 12532: 12530: 12515: 12509: 12508: 12496: 12490: 12489: 12487: 12485: 12470: 12464: 12463: 12461: 12459: 12444: 12438: 12437: 12435: 12433: 12418: 12412: 12411: 12409: 12407: 12392: 12386: 12385: 12383: 12381: 12367: 12359: 12353: 12352: 12350: 12348: 12333: 12327: 12326: 12324: 12322: 12307: 12301: 12300: 12298: 12296: 12290: 12279: 12270: 12264: 12263: 12261: 12259: 12244: 12238: 12237: 12235: 12233: 12217: 12211: 12205: 12199: 12193: 12187: 12186: 12184: 12182: 12173:. 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Archived from 10530:Long War Journal 10521: 10515: 10514: 10512: 10510: 10504:Long War Journal 10495: 10489: 10488: 10486: 10484: 10469: 10463: 10462: 10460: 10458: 10453:on 14 April 2012 10443: 10437: 10436: 10434: 10432: 10417: 10411: 10410: 10408: 10406: 10387: 10381: 10380: 10378: 10376: 10361: 10355: 10354: 10352: 10350: 10335: 10329: 10328: 10326: 10324: 10309: 10303: 10302: 10300: 10298: 10282: 10276: 10275: 10273: 10271: 10256: 10250: 10249: 10247: 10245: 10230: 10224: 10223: 10221: 10219: 10208: 10202: 10201: 10199: 10197: 10191:Long War Journal 10182: 10176: 10175: 10173: 10171: 10156: 10150: 10149: 10147: 10145: 10130: 10124: 10123: 10121: 10119: 10104: 10098: 10097: 10095: 10093: 10078: 10072: 10071: 10069: 10067: 10062:on 14 April 2012 10052: 10046: 10045: 10043: 10041: 10026: 10020: 10019: 10017: 10015: 10000: 9994: 9993: 9991: 9989: 9974: 9965: 9964: 9962: 9960: 9951:. Archived from 9940: 9934: 9933: 9931: 9929: 9914: 9908: 9907: 9905: 9903: 9888: 9882: 9881: 9879: 9877: 9862: 9856: 9850: 9844: 9838: 9832: 9831: 9829: 9827: 9808: 9802: 9801: 9799: 9797: 9782: 9776: 9775: 9773: 9771: 9756: 9750: 9744: 9738: 9737: 9735: 9733: 9718: 9712: 9711: 9709: 9707: 9691: 9685: 9684: 9682: 9680: 9665: 9659: 9653: 9647: 9641: 9632: 9626: 9620: 9619: 9617: 9615: 9606:. Archived from 9595: 9589: 9588:, pp. 71–72 9583: 9574: 9573: 9571: 9569: 9554: 9545: 9539: 9533: 9527: 9521: 9520: 9518: 9516: 9501: 9495: 9489: 9483: 9477: 9471: 9470: 9468: 9466: 9440: 9434: 9428: 9419: 9418:, pp. 95–98 9413: 9407: 9406: 9404: 9402: 9386: 9380: 9379:, pp. 93–94 9374: 9368: 9367:, pp. 86–87 9362: 9356: 9355: 9353: 9351: 9337:Kilcullen, David 9333: 9324: 9318: 9309: 9303: 9297: 9296: 9294: 9292: 9283:. Archived from 9277: 9271: 9270: 9268: 9266: 9259:"Ryan E. Miller" 9255: 9249: 9248: 9241: 9235: 9234: 9227: 9221: 9218: 9212: 9211:, pp. 77–81 9206: 9200: 9199: 9197: 9195: 9180: 9174: 9173: 9171: 9169: 9160:. Archived from 9149: 9143: 9142: 9140: 9138: 9129:. Archived from 9118: 9112: 9111:, pp. 70–76 9106: 9100: 9094: 9088: 9087: 9085: 9083: 9068: 9057: 9056:, pp. 60–65 9051: 9045: 9044: 9042: 9040: 9025: 9019: 9013: 9007: 9006: 9004: 9002: 8987: 8981: 8980:, pp. 61–63 8975: 8969: 8963: 8957: 8951: 8945: 8944: 8942: 8940: 8931:. Archived from 8920: 8914: 8913: 8911: 8909: 8893: 8884: 8883: 8881: 8879: 8864: 8858: 8857: 8855: 8853: 8838: 8832: 8831: 8829: 8827: 8812: 8806: 8805: 8803: 8801: 8796:on 22 March 2011 8792:. Archived from 8781: 8775: 8774: 8772: 8770: 8755: 8749: 8748: 8746: 8744: 8735:. Archived from 8724: 8718: 8717:, pp. 40–41 8712: 8706: 8705: 8703: 8701: 8686: 8677: 8676: 8674: 8672: 8657: 8648: 8647: 8645: 8643: 8628: 8619: 8618: 8616: 8614: 8599: 8593: 8592: 8590: 8588: 8573: 8567: 8561: 8555: 8554: 8552: 8550: 8541:. Archived from 8530: 8519: 8518: 8516: 8514: 8499: 8493: 8492: 8490: 8488: 8469: 8463: 8462: 8460: 8458: 8443: 8437: 8436: 8434: 8432: 8413: 8407: 8406: 8404: 8402: 8383: 8377: 8376: 8374: 8372: 8357: 8351: 8350: 8348: 8346: 8331: 8325: 8319: 8313: 8312: 8310: 8308: 8299:. Archived from 8288: 8282: 8281: 8279: 8277: 8262: 8253: 8252: 8250: 8248: 8242:The Boston Globe 8233: 8227: 8226: 8224: 8222: 8216:Long War Journal 8207: 8201: 8200: 8198: 8196: 8181: 8175: 8169: 8163: 8162: 8160: 8158: 8143: 8137: 8136: 8134: 8132: 8117: 8111: 8110: 8108: 8106: 8091: 8082: 8081: 8079: 8077: 8062: 8056: 8055: 8053: 8051: 8036: 8027: 8026: 8024: 8022: 8017:on 14 April 2012 8007: 8001: 8000: 7998: 7996: 7991:. Military Times 7981: 7975: 7970: 7961: 7960: 7958: 7956: 7941: 7932: 7931: 7929: 7927: 7912: 7903: 7897: 7891: 7890: 7888: 7886: 7871: 7862: 7861: 7859: 7857: 7842: 7836: 7835: 7833: 7831: 7816: 7807: 7806: 7804: 7802: 7787: 7781: 7780: 7778: 7776: 7761: 7755: 7754: 7748: 7740: 7738: 7736: 7721: 7710: 7709: 7707: 7705: 7690: 7684: 7683: 7681: 7679: 7664: 7658: 7657: 7655: 7653: 7644:. Archived from 7633: 7627: 7621: 7615: 7614: 7612: 7610: 7595: 7589: 7588:, pp. 55–58 7583: 7577: 7571: 7565: 7564: 7562: 7560: 7545: 7539: 7533: 7524: 7523: 7521: 7519: 7504: 7498: 7497: 7495: 7493: 7487: 7476: 7467: 7458: 7457: 7455: 7453: 7438: 7432: 7431: 7429: 7427: 7412: 7406: 7405:, pp. 68–71 7400: 7394: 7388: 7382: 7381: 7379: 7377: 7361: 7355: 7349: 7343: 7342: 7340: 7338: 7323: 7312: 7311: 7309: 7307: 7291: 7282: 7281: 7279: 7277: 7272:on 17 March 2012 7268:. Archived from 7257: 7251: 7250: 7248: 7246: 7235: 7229: 7228:, pp. 65–66 7223: 7217: 7216: 7214: 7212: 7206:The Boston Globe 7197: 7191: 7190: 7188: 7186: 7171: 7165: 7164: 7162: 7160: 7145: 7139: 7138: 7136: 7134: 7119: 7113: 7112: 7110: 7108: 7099:. Archived from 7088: 7082: 7081: 7079: 7077: 7061: 7055: 7049: 7040: 7039: 7037: 7035: 7030:on 14 April 2012 7020: 7014: 7008: 7002: 6996: 6990: 6984: 6978: 6972: 6966: 6960: 6954: 6948: 6942: 6936: 6930: 6919: 6917: 6915: 6906:. Archived from 6895: 6889: 6883: 6877: 6876: 6874: 6872: 6863:. Archived from 6852: 6846: 6845: 6843: 6841: 6826: 6817: 6816: 6814: 6812: 6793: 6787: 6786: 6784: 6782: 6758: 6752: 6751: 6749: 6747: 6738:. Archived from 6727: 6721: 6715: 6709: 6708: 6700: 6694: 6693: 6691: 6689: 6674: 6668: 6667: 6665: 6663: 6658:on 21 March 2012 6644: 6638: 6637: 6635: 6633: 6618: 6612: 6606: 6600: 6599: 6597: 6595: 6576: 6570: 6564: 6558: 6552: 6546: 6540: 6534: 6528: 6519: 6518: 6516: 6514: 6505:. Archived from 6494: 6488: 6482: 6476: 6475: 6473: 6471: 6455: 6449: 6448: 6446: 6444: 6433: 6427: 6426: 6424: 6422: 6407: 6401: 6400: 6398: 6396: 6381: 6375: 6369: 6363: 6357: 6351: 6345: 6336: 6330: 6324: 6323: 6321: 6319: 6304: 6293: 6287: 6281: 6280: 6278: 6276: 6265: 6259: 6258: 6256: 6254: 6243: 6237: 6236: 6234: 6232: 6217: 6211: 6210: 6208: 6206: 6195: 6189: 6188: 6186: 6184: 6175:. Archived from 6164: 6158: 6152: 6146: 6145: 6143: 6141: 6126: 6120: 6119: 6117: 6115: 6096: 6090: 6089: 6087: 6085: 6074: 6068: 6062: 6056: 6050: 6044: 6043: 6041: 6039: 6023: 6006: 6005: 6003: 6001: 5986: 5980: 5974: 5968: 5962: 5956: 5955: 5953: 5951: 5935: 5926: 5925: 5923: 5921: 5916:on 14 April 2012 5906: 5900: 5899: 5897: 5895: 5880: 5871: 5870: 5868: 5866: 5855: 5849: 5843: 5837: 5831: 5822: 5816: 5810: 5809: 5807: 5805: 5790: 5784: 5783: 5781: 5779: 5764: 5758: 5752: 5746: 5740: 5734: 5728: 5722: 5721:, pp. 41–43 5716: 5707: 5701: 5695: 5689: 5683: 5682: 5680: 5678: 5663: 5657: 5651: 5645: 5639: 5633: 5627: 5621: 5615: 5609: 5603: 5597: 5596: 5594: 5592: 5577: 5562: 5556: 5547: 5541: 5535: 5534: 5532: 5530: 5519: 5513: 5512: 5510: 5508: 5493: 5484: 5483: 5471: 5465: 5459: 5453: 5447: 5441: 5435: 5429: 5428: 5426: 5424: 5405: 5370: 5364: 5358: 5357: 5355: 5353: 5342: 5333: 5327: 5321: 5315: 5309: 5308: 5306: 5304: 5289: 5283: 5282:, pp. 51–52 5277: 5271: 5270: 5268: 5266: 5247: 5241: 5240:, pp. 46–47 5235: 5229: 5228: 5226: 5224: 5213: 5207: 5206: 5204: 5202: 5187: 5181: 5175: 5169: 5168:, pp. 36–44 5163: 5157: 5151: 5145: 5139: 5133: 5132: 5130: 5128: 5122:Long War Journal 5113: 5107: 5106: 5104: 5102: 5086: 5080: 5079: 5077: 5075: 5066:. Archived from 5053: 5047: 5041: 5035: 5034: 5032: 5030: 5015: 5009: 5006: 5000: 4994: 4988: 4982: 4976: 4975: 4973: 4971: 4952: 4946: 4945: 4943: 4941: 4935:The Boston Globe 4926: 4920: 4919: 4917: 4915: 4904: 4898: 4897: 4886: 4880: 4874: 4868: 4862: 4856: 4855: 4853: 4851: 4836: 4827: 4826: 4824: 4822: 4807: 4801: 4800:, pp. 27–28 4795: 4789: 4788: 4782: 4774: 4772: 4770: 4754: 4748: 4742: 4736: 4735: 4733: 4731: 4724:Hearts and Minds 4716: 4707: 4706: 4704: 4702: 4686: 4680: 4679: 4677: 4675: 4660: 4654: 4653: 4651: 4649: 4635: 4629: 4628: 4626: 4624: 4615:. Archived from 4604: 4598: 4597: 4595: 4593: 4578: 4572: 4571: 4569: 4567: 4552: 4546: 4545: 4543: 4541: 4522: 4516: 4515: 4513: 4511: 4492: 4486: 4480: 4471: 4470: 4468: 4466: 4455: 4449: 4443: 4434: 4433: 4431: 4429: 4423: 4416: 4408: 4402: 4401:, pp. 11–19 4396: 4390: 4384: 4373: 4372:, pp. 11–13 4367: 4361: 4355: 4349: 4343: 4337: 4333: 4331: 4329: 4320:. Archived from 4309: 4303: 4297: 4291: 4285: 4276: 4275: 4273: 4271: 4256: 4250: 4244: 4233: 4227: 4221: 4220: 4218: 4216: 4201: 4195: 4194: 4192: 4190: 4173:Bahmanyar, Mir. 4170: 4164: 4163: 4161: 4159: 4143: 4137: 4136: 4134: 4132: 4116: 4110: 4109: 4107: 4105: 4090: 4084: 4078: 4072: 4071: 4069: 4067: 4047: 4041: 4035: 4029: 4023: 4012: 4006: 3997: 3991: 3985: 3979: 3973: 3967: 3961: 3960: 3958: 3956: 3937: 3928: 3922: 3916: 3915: 3913: 3911: 3896: 3885: 3879: 3873: 3872: 3870: 3868: 3849: 3843: 3842: 3840: 3838: 3819: 3800: 3799:, pp. 35–37 3794: 3788: 3787: 3785: 3783: 3768: 3759: 3754: 3735: 3732: 3726: 3715: 3709: 3698: 3692: 3685: 3679: 3678: 3676: 3674: 3653: 3647: 3638:Richard T. Tryon 3583: 3574: 3568: 3565: 3559: 3556: 3550: 3546: 3509: 3504: 3503: 3502: 3495: 3490: 3489: 3488: 3472:force protection 3350:depleted uranium 3316:By the Coalition 3307: 3233:Qasim Al-Fahdawi 3222: 3193:Abu Dua al-Badri 3118: 3114:— AQI Leader of 3018: 3007:, September 2007 2981:ammonium nitrate 2929:Operation Alljah 2923:Operation Alljah 2917:Operation Alljah 2728: 2681:viral phenomenon 2677:Travis Patriquin 2515:, where Colonel 2463:Jeffrey Chessani 2403:Haditha killings 2393:Haditha killings 2387:Haditha killings 2343:Iraqi parliament 2286:Operation Sayeed 2229:foreign fighters 2187: 2076:were won by the 2038: 1973: 1898: 1857:Eugene Armstrong 1689:Fallujah Brigade 1581: 1407: 1289: 1232: 1180:Republican Guard 1133:Coalition forces 1125:invasion of Iraq 1098:al-Qaeda in Iraq 926:Al Qaeda in Iraq 842:Sunni insurgents 836:, together with 749:Haditha killings 645: 644: 642: 630: 623: 616: 607: 606: 583: 582: 574: 573: 563: 562: 545:Iraqi Insurgency 542:(September 2008) 529: 527: 526: 516: 468: 391:Al Qaeda in Iraq 380:Iraqi Insurgency 362: 356:Qasim Al-Fahdawi 314: 312: 311: 301:Bernard Champoux 291:Richard T. Tryon 242: 240: 239: 200:al-Qaeda in Iraq 190:Mujahideen Shura 178:Iraqi insurgency 170: 168: 167: 141: 139: 138: 121: 119: 118: 72: 71: 52: 32: 31: 21: 17692: 17691: 17687: 17686: 17685: 17683: 17682: 17681: 17597: 17596: 17595: 17590: 17545: 17489:Neoconservatism 17435:CIA black sites 17430:Chelsea Manning 17416: 17397: 17339: 17288: 17241: 17213: 17190:Strategic reset 17173:"Sixteen Words" 17073: 17054: 17008: 16942: 16873: 16834: 16830:Chilcot Inquiry 16808: 16720: 16714: 16637:Iraq Body Count 16616: 16597: 16585: 16531: 16495: 16471:Samarra bombing 16409: 16338: 16272: 16211: 16080: 16034: 15983: 15934:Ashura massacre 15917: 15882: 15870: 15809: 15803: 15790: 15784: 15737:Ishaqi massacre 15665: 15648: 15629: 15592: 15575: 15550:Spring fighting 15537: 15481: 15440: 15399: 15330:Spring fighting 15318: 15300: 15201: 15185: 15181:Phantom Phoenix 15159: 15120:Phantom Thunder 15100:Marne Avalanche 15048: 14992: 14926: 14887:Bulldog Mammoth 14870: 14846:Panther Squeeze 14839:Airborne Dragon 14804:Desert Scorpion 14794:Bulldog Mammoth 14784:Ancient Babylon 14761: 14735: 14721:Al-Abud Network 14706:Fedayeen Saddam 14698: 14692: 14639: 14633: 14629:Mujahideen Army 14533: 14524: 14518: 14438: 14413: 14364: 14357: 14338:Economic reform 14280: 14273: 14249:Fall of Baghdad 14220: 14213: 14202:U.S. withdrawal 14122:Invasion (2003) 14106: 14087: 14083:Bush–Aznar memo 14038: 14032: 13977:Iraq resolution 13926: 13845: 13746: 13678: 13665: 13655: 13649: 13614: 13612:Further reading 13609: 13592: 13579: 13568: 13555: 13544: 13526: 13522: 13520:Film/television 13517: 13503:Zawahiri, Ayman 13495: 13471: 13447: 13427: 13401:Military Review 13396: 13376: 13360:Shadid, Anthony 13351: 13344: 13331: 13307: 13282: 13268: 13240: 13239: 13234: 13227: 13205: 13204: 13199: 13192: 13179: 13159: 13148: 13137: 13113: 13087: 13058: 13051: 13037: 13023: 13012: 12978: 12952: 12947: 12937: 12935: 12922: 12921: 12917: 12907: 12905: 12895: 12891: 12881: 12879: 12869: 12862: 12854: 12850: 12842: 12838: 12830: 12826: 12816: 12814: 12804: 12800: 12790: 12788: 12778: 12774: 12764: 12762: 12752: 12748: 12740: 12736: 12726: 12724: 12711: 12710: 12706: 12698: 12694: 12686: 12682: 12672: 12670: 12659: 12655: 12647: 12643: 12635: 12631: 12621: 12619: 12609: 12605: 12597: 12593: 12585: 12581: 12571: 12569: 12559: 12550: 12542: 12538: 12528: 12526: 12516: 12512: 12497: 12493: 12483: 12481: 12472: 12471: 12467: 12457: 12455: 12445: 12441: 12431: 12429: 12419: 12415: 12405: 12403: 12393: 12389: 12379: 12377: 12370:The Independent 12360: 12356: 12346: 12344: 12334: 12330: 12320: 12318: 12308: 12304: 12294: 12292: 12288: 12282:Field Artillery 12277: 12271: 12267: 12257: 12255: 12246: 12245: 12241: 12231: 12229: 12218: 12214: 12206: 12202: 12194: 12190: 12180: 12178: 12163: 12159: 12149: 12147: 12137: 12128: 12118: 12116: 12106: 12102: 12092: 12090: 12081: 12080: 12076: 12066: 12064: 12051: 12050: 12046: 12036: 12034: 12025: 12024: 12020: 12004: 12003: 11996: 11994: 11989: 11988: 11981: 11971: 11969: 11960: 11959: 11952: 11942: 11940: 11930: 11926: 11916: 11914: 11905: 11904: 11900: 11890: 11888: 11878: 11874: 11864: 11862: 11852: 11848: 11838: 11836: 11826: 11822: 11812: 11810: 11799: 11795: 11785: 11783: 11773: 11769: 11759: 11757: 11747: 11740: 11730: 11728: 11718: 11714: 11706: 11699: 11689: 11687: 11677: 11673: 11663: 11661: 11651: 11647: 11637: 11635: 11625: 11621: 11611: 11609: 11599: 11595: 11585: 11583: 11573: 11566: 11549: 11542: 11532: 11530: 11520: 11516: 11506: 11504: 11495: 11494: 11490: 11480: 11478: 11469: 11468: 11464: 11454: 11452: 11443: 11439: 11431: 11427: 11417: 11415: 11404: 11400: 11390: 11388: 11378: 11374: 11364: 11362: 11352: 11348: 11338: 11336: 11326: 11322: 11312: 11310: 11301: 11300: 11296: 11280: 11279: 11272: 11270: 11265: 11264: 11260: 11250: 11248: 11247:on 29 June 2011 11239: 11238: 11234: 11224: 11222: 11211: 11207: 11197: 11195: 11194:. 20 April 2008 11186: 11185: 11181: 11171: 11169: 11159: 11144: 11136: 11132: 11124: 11117: 11107: 11105: 11096: 11095: 11091: 11081: 11079: 11068: 11064: 11054: 11052: 11043: 11039: 11031: 11024: 11014: 11012: 11008: 10997: 10993: 10992: 10988: 10978: 10976: 10972: 10965: 10959: 10952: 10950: 10946: 10939: 10933: 10929: 10919: 10917: 10910:National Review 10902: 10898: 10888: 10886: 10868: 10864: 10854: 10852: 10847: 10846: 10842: 10832: 10830: 10825: 10824: 10817: 10807: 10805: 10796: 10795: 10791: 10781: 10779: 10764: 10757: 10749: 10745: 10735: 10733: 10718: 10711: 10701: 10699: 10698:on 16 June 2008 10684: 10680: 10672: 10668: 10660: 10656: 10646: 10644: 10629: 10625: 10615: 10613: 10612:on 11 July 2007 10604: 10603: 10599: 10589: 10587: 10578: 10577: 10573: 10565: 10561: 10553: 10549: 10539: 10537: 10522: 10518: 10508: 10506: 10496: 10492: 10482: 10480: 10470: 10466: 10456: 10454: 10445: 10444: 10440: 10430: 10428: 10418: 10414: 10404: 10402: 10401:on 12 June 2007 10389: 10388: 10384: 10374: 10372: 10363: 10362: 10358: 10348: 10346: 10336: 10332: 10322: 10320: 10310: 10306: 10296: 10294: 10283: 10279: 10269: 10267: 10257: 10253: 10243: 10241: 10231: 10227: 10217: 10215: 10210: 10209: 10205: 10195: 10193: 10183: 10179: 10169: 10167: 10158: 10157: 10153: 10143: 10141: 10132: 10131: 10127: 10117: 10115: 10105: 10101: 10091: 10089: 10079: 10075: 10065: 10063: 10054: 10053: 10049: 10039: 10037: 10027: 10023: 10013: 10011: 10001: 9997: 9987: 9985: 9976: 9975: 9968: 9958: 9956: 9941: 9937: 9927: 9925: 9916: 9915: 9911: 9901: 9899: 9890: 9889: 9885: 9875: 9873: 9864: 9863: 9859: 9851: 9847: 9839: 9835: 9825: 9823: 9810: 9809: 9805: 9795: 9793: 9783: 9779: 9769: 9767: 9757: 9753: 9745: 9741: 9731: 9729: 9728:on 6 April 2012 9720: 9719: 9715: 9705: 9703: 9692: 9688: 9678: 9676: 9667: 9666: 9662: 9654: 9650: 9642: 9635: 9627: 9623: 9613: 9611: 9596: 9592: 9584: 9577: 9567: 9565: 9555: 9548: 9540: 9536: 9528: 9524: 9514: 9512: 9502: 9498: 9490: 9486: 9478: 9474: 9464: 9462: 9441: 9437: 9429: 9422: 9414: 9410: 9400: 9398: 9387: 9383: 9375: 9371: 9363: 9359: 9349: 9347: 9334: 9327: 9319: 9312: 9304: 9300: 9290: 9288: 9279: 9278: 9274: 9264: 9262: 9257: 9256: 9252: 9243: 9242: 9238: 9229: 9228: 9224: 9219: 9215: 9207: 9203: 9193: 9191: 9181: 9177: 9167: 9165: 9150: 9146: 9136: 9134: 9119: 9115: 9107: 9103: 9095: 9091: 9081: 9079: 9069: 9060: 9052: 9048: 9038: 9036: 9026: 9022: 9014: 9010: 9000: 8998: 8988: 8984: 8976: 8972: 8964: 8960: 8952: 8948: 8938: 8936: 8921: 8917: 8907: 8905: 8894: 8887: 8877: 8875: 8866: 8865: 8861: 8851: 8849: 8840: 8839: 8835: 8825: 8823: 8814: 8813: 8809: 8799: 8797: 8782: 8778: 8768: 8766: 8756: 8752: 8742: 8740: 8725: 8721: 8713: 8709: 8699: 8697: 8687: 8680: 8670: 8668: 8658: 8651: 8641: 8639: 8629: 8622: 8612: 8610: 8600: 8596: 8586: 8584: 8574: 8570: 8562: 8558: 8548: 8546: 8545:on 13 June 2006 8531: 8522: 8512: 8510: 8500: 8496: 8486: 8484: 8471: 8470: 8466: 8456: 8454: 8445: 8444: 8440: 8430: 8428: 8415: 8414: 8410: 8400: 8398: 8385: 8384: 8380: 8370: 8368: 8358: 8354: 8344: 8342: 8332: 8328: 8320: 8316: 8306: 8304: 8289: 8285: 8275: 8273: 8263: 8256: 8246: 8244: 8234: 8230: 8220: 8218: 8208: 8204: 8194: 8192: 8183: 8182: 8178: 8170: 8166: 8156: 8154: 8145: 8144: 8140: 8130: 8128: 8118: 8114: 8104: 8102: 8092: 8085: 8075: 8073: 8063: 8059: 8049: 8047: 8037: 8030: 8020: 8018: 8009: 8008: 8004: 7994: 7992: 7983: 7982: 7978: 7971: 7964: 7954: 7952: 7942: 7935: 7925: 7923: 7914: 7913: 7906: 7898: 7894: 7884: 7882: 7872: 7865: 7855: 7853: 7843: 7839: 7829: 7827: 7817: 7810: 7800: 7798: 7788: 7784: 7774: 7772: 7762: 7758: 7742: 7741: 7734: 7732: 7722: 7713: 7703: 7701: 7700:on 13 July 2007 7692: 7691: 7687: 7677: 7675: 7665: 7661: 7651: 7649: 7634: 7630: 7622: 7618: 7608: 7606: 7596: 7592: 7584: 7580: 7572: 7568: 7558: 7556: 7546: 7542: 7534: 7527: 7517: 7515: 7505: 7501: 7491: 7489: 7488:on 6 April 2019 7485: 7474: 7468: 7461: 7451: 7449: 7439: 7435: 7425: 7423: 7413: 7409: 7401: 7397: 7389: 7385: 7375: 7373: 7362: 7358: 7350: 7346: 7336: 7334: 7324: 7315: 7305: 7303: 7292: 7285: 7275: 7273: 7258: 7254: 7244: 7242: 7237: 7236: 7232: 7224: 7220: 7210: 7208: 7198: 7194: 7184: 7182: 7172: 7168: 7158: 7156: 7146: 7142: 7132: 7130: 7121: 7120: 7116: 7106: 7104: 7089: 7085: 7075: 7073: 7062: 7058: 7050: 7043: 7033: 7031: 7022: 7021: 7017: 7009: 7005: 6997: 6993: 6985: 6981: 6973: 6969: 6961: 6957: 6949: 6945: 6937: 6933: 6928:Wayback Machine 6913: 6911: 6904:The Independent 6896: 6892: 6884: 6880: 6870: 6868: 6853: 6849: 6839: 6837: 6827: 6820: 6810: 6808: 6807:on 8 April 2008 6795: 6794: 6790: 6780: 6778: 6759: 6755: 6745: 6743: 6728: 6724: 6716: 6712: 6701: 6697: 6687: 6685: 6684:. 22 April 2006 6676: 6675: 6671: 6661: 6659: 6646: 6645: 6641: 6631: 6629: 6620: 6619: 6615: 6607: 6603: 6593: 6591: 6578: 6577: 6573: 6565: 6561: 6553: 6549: 6541: 6537: 6529: 6522: 6512: 6510: 6495: 6491: 6483: 6479: 6469: 6467: 6456: 6452: 6442: 6440: 6435: 6434: 6430: 6420: 6418: 6408: 6404: 6394: 6392: 6391:on 1 March 2010 6383: 6382: 6378: 6370: 6366: 6358: 6354: 6346: 6339: 6331: 6327: 6317: 6315: 6305: 6296: 6288: 6284: 6274: 6272: 6267: 6266: 6262: 6252: 6250: 6245: 6244: 6240: 6230: 6228: 6218: 6214: 6204: 6202: 6197: 6196: 6192: 6182: 6180: 6165: 6161: 6153: 6149: 6139: 6137: 6127: 6123: 6113: 6111: 6110:on 15 June 2011 6098: 6097: 6093: 6083: 6081: 6076: 6075: 6071: 6063: 6059: 6051: 6047: 6037: 6035: 6024: 6009: 5999: 5997: 5987: 5983: 5975: 5971: 5963: 5959: 5949: 5947: 5936: 5929: 5919: 5917: 5908: 5907: 5903: 5893: 5891: 5881: 5874: 5864: 5862: 5857: 5856: 5852: 5844: 5840: 5832: 5825: 5817: 5813: 5803: 5801: 5791: 5787: 5777: 5775: 5765: 5761: 5753: 5749: 5741: 5737: 5729: 5725: 5717: 5710: 5702: 5698: 5690: 5686: 5676: 5674: 5664: 5660: 5652: 5648: 5640: 5636: 5628: 5624: 5616: 5612: 5604: 5600: 5590: 5588: 5578: 5565: 5557: 5550: 5542: 5538: 5528: 5526: 5521: 5520: 5516: 5506: 5504: 5494: 5487: 5473: 5472: 5468: 5460: 5456: 5448: 5444: 5436: 5432: 5422: 5420: 5419:on 15 June 2011 5407: 5406: 5373: 5365: 5361: 5351: 5349: 5344: 5343: 5336: 5328: 5324: 5316: 5312: 5302: 5300: 5291: 5290: 5286: 5278: 5274: 5264: 5262: 5249: 5248: 5244: 5236: 5232: 5222: 5220: 5215: 5214: 5210: 5200: 5198: 5188: 5184: 5176: 5172: 5164: 5160: 5152: 5148: 5140: 5136: 5126: 5124: 5114: 5110: 5100: 5098: 5087: 5083: 5073: 5071: 5054: 5050: 5042: 5038: 5028: 5026: 5016: 5012: 5007: 5003: 4995: 4991: 4983: 4979: 4969: 4967: 4954: 4953: 4949: 4939: 4937: 4927: 4923: 4913: 4911: 4906: 4905: 4901: 4888: 4887: 4883: 4875: 4871: 4863: 4859: 4849: 4847: 4837: 4830: 4820: 4818: 4808: 4804: 4796: 4792: 4776: 4775: 4768: 4766: 4755: 4751: 4743: 4739: 4729: 4727: 4718: 4717: 4710: 4700: 4698: 4687: 4683: 4673: 4671: 4662: 4661: 4657: 4647: 4645: 4636: 4632: 4622: 4620: 4605: 4601: 4591: 4589: 4579: 4575: 4565: 4563: 4554: 4553: 4549: 4539: 4537: 4524: 4523: 4519: 4509: 4507: 4494: 4493: 4489: 4481: 4474: 4464: 4462: 4457: 4456: 4452: 4444: 4437: 4427: 4425: 4424:on 21 June 2004 4421: 4414: 4410: 4409: 4405: 4397: 4393: 4385: 4376: 4368: 4364: 4356: 4352: 4344: 4340: 4327: 4325: 4310: 4306: 4298: 4294: 4286: 4279: 4269: 4267: 4258: 4257: 4253: 4245: 4236: 4228: 4224: 4214: 4212: 4202: 4198: 4188: 4186: 4171: 4167: 4157: 4155: 4144: 4140: 4130: 4128: 4117: 4113: 4103: 4101: 4091: 4087: 4079: 4075: 4065: 4063: 4050:Gambill, Gary. 4048: 4044: 4036: 4032: 4024: 4015: 4007: 4000: 3992: 3988: 3980: 3976: 3968: 3964: 3954: 3952: 3939: 3938: 3931: 3923: 3919: 3909: 3907: 3898: 3897: 3888: 3880: 3876: 3866: 3864: 3851: 3850: 3846: 3836: 3834: 3821: 3820: 3803: 3795: 3791: 3781: 3779: 3769: 3762: 3755: 3748: 3744: 3739: 3738: 3733: 3729: 3719:Anbar Awakening 3716: 3712: 3699: 3695: 3686: 3682: 3672: 3670: 3654: 3650: 3646: 3635: 3629: 3623: 3608: 3602: 3599:John F. Sattler 3595:James T. Conway 3592: 3575: 3571: 3566: 3562: 3557: 3553: 3547: 3543: 3538: 3505: 3500: 3498: 3491: 3486: 3484: 3481: 3464:Andrew Bacevich 3451: 3415:Iraqi Christian 3399: 3318: 3309: 3305: 3296: 3290: 3260: 3224: 3221:, February 2009 3216: 3165: 3120: 3113: 3097:Battle of Basra 3080: 3075: 3061:. In December, 3059:Ahmed Abu Risha 3025:Frederick Kagan 3019: 3016: 3005:Al Asad Airbase 2993: 2925: 2919: 2879: 2873: 2801: 2796: 2730: 2722: 2714: 2666:Anbar Awakening 2643:David Kilcullen 2614: 2608: 2564: 2558: 2493:Sean MacFarland 2477: 2471: 2435:another killing 2427:Eldon Bargewell 2395: 2389: 2384: 2324: 2318: 2213: 2188: 2185: 2131: 2125: 2064: 2059: 2039: 2027: 1965: 1899: 1896: 1894: 1887: 1881: 1873:Osama bin Laden 1828: 1816:Harith al-Dhari 1812:Muqtada al-Sadr 1730: 1724: 1701:Iraq Body Count 1582: 1576: 1569: 1563: 1500:James T. Conway 1481:John P. Abizaid 1469:Ricardo Sanchez 1465: 1460: 1434:Donald Rumsfeld 1399: 1397: 1359:heavy artillery 1290: 1287: 1280: 1238:Fall of Baghdad 1234: 1230: 1222: 1214:Main articles: 1212: 1184:Fedayeen Saddam 1141:Al Asad Airbase 1121: 1115: 1110: 1021:Lake Habbaniyah 1017:Euphrates River 993: 987: 948:Anbar Awakening 944:Anbar Awakening 922:Euphrates River 848:governorate of 844:in the western 826: 821: 661:Desert Scorpion 646: 640: 637: 636: 634: 598: 590: 588: 577: 576: 568: 567: 566:8,205+ wounded 565: 557: 546: 533: 524: 522: 520: 518: 501: 497:Harith al-Dhari 388: 387: 381: 376: 324: 323: 309: 307: 305: 266:John F. Sattler 261:James T. Conway 252: 251: 237: 235: 224: 186: 185: 165: 163: 159:Sahawa Al Anbar 136: 134: 116: 114: 91: 53: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 17690: 17680: 17679: 17674: 17669: 17664: 17659: 17654: 17649: 17644: 17639: 17634: 17629: 17624: 17619: 17614: 17609: 17592: 17591: 17554: 17551: 17550: 17547: 17546: 17544: 17543: 17538: 17533: 17528: 17523: 17518: 17511: 17506: 17501: 17496: 17491: 17486: 17481: 17480: 17479: 17469: 17464: 17459: 17454: 17453: 17452: 17442: 17437: 17432: 17427: 17421: 17418: 17417: 17407: 17406: 17403: 17402: 17399: 17398: 17396: 17395: 17390: 17385: 17380: 17375: 17370: 17365: 17360: 17355: 17349: 17347: 17341: 17340: 17338: 17337: 17332: 17327: 17322: 17317: 17312: 17307: 17302: 17300:Assassinations 17296: 17294: 17290: 17289: 17287: 17286: 17279: 17274: 17269: 17264: 17259: 17253: 17251: 17247: 17246: 17243: 17242: 17240: 17239: 17232: 17227: 17221: 17219: 17212: 17211: 17204: 17199: 17192: 17187: 17182: 17175: 17170: 17165: 17160: 17155: 17152:"Mrs. Anthrax" 17148: 17143: 17138: 17133: 17128: 17123: 17116: 17113:"Chemical Ali" 17109: 17102: 17101: 17100: 17085: 17083: 17075: 17074: 17064: 17063: 17060: 17059: 17056: 17055: 17053: 17052: 17051:(2017–present) 17046: 17040: 17039:(2014–present) 17034: 17028: 17022: 17016: 17014: 17010: 17009: 17007: 17005:March 19, 2008 17002: 16997: 16992: 16990:March 17, 2007 16987: 16982: 16977: 16972: 16967: 16965:March 20, 2003 16962: 16957: 16955:Halloween 2002 16952: 16950: 16944: 16943: 16941: 16940: 16935: 16928: 16921: 16916: 16911: 16906: 16904:United Nations 16901: 16896: 16891: 16890: 16889: 16878: 16875: 16874: 16872: 16871: 16866: 16859: 16853: 16851: 16844: 16840: 16839: 16836: 16835: 16833: 16832: 16827: 16825:Duelfer Report 16822: 16816: 16814: 16813:Investigations 16807: 16806: 16805: 16804: 16797:Role of Canada 16794: 16787: 16782: 16777: 16772: 16767: 16762: 16761: 16760: 16758:Hutton Inquiry 16750: 16745: 16740: 16735: 16730: 16724: 16722: 16716: 16715: 16713: 16712: 16707: 16706: 16705: 16700: 16690: 16688:Financial cost 16685: 16684: 16683: 16673: 16668: 16667: 16666: 16656: 16655: 16654: 16649: 16647:Lancet surveys 16644: 16639: 16628: 16626: 16618: 16617: 16607: 16606: 16603: 16602: 16599: 16598: 16590: 16587: 16586: 16584: 16583: 16578: 16571: 16564: 16557: 16552: 16551: 16550: 16539: 16537: 16533: 16532: 16530: 16529: 16523: 16518: 16513: 16507: 16505: 16501: 16500: 16497: 16496: 16494: 16493: 16488: 16483: 16478: 16473: 16468: 16466:Al Hillah 2011 16463: 16461:Tikrit assault 16458: 16453: 16452: 16451: 16446: 16441: 16433: 16432: 16431: 16426: 16417: 16415: 16411: 16410: 16408: 16407: 16402: 16397: 16396: 16395: 16390: 16385: 16380: 16375: 16370: 16362: 16361: 16360: 16355: 16346: 16344: 16340: 16339: 16337: 16336: 16331: 16326: 16321: 16316: 16315: 16314: 16309: 16304: 16299: 16294: 16289: 16280: 16278: 16274: 16273: 16271: 16270: 16265: 16260: 16258:Dujail bombing 16255: 16250: 16245: 16240: 16239: 16238: 16233: 16228: 16219: 16217: 16213: 16212: 16210: 16209: 16204: 16199: 16197:Amirli bombing 16194: 16189: 16184: 16179: 16174: 16173: 16172: 16167: 16165:April massacre 16159: 16154: 16149: 16144: 16142:Al Hillah 2007 16139: 16138: 16137: 16132: 16127: 16122: 16117: 16112: 16107: 16102: 16094: 16088: 16086: 16082: 16081: 16079: 16078: 16073: 16072: 16071: 16066: 16058: 16053: 16048: 16042: 16040: 16036: 16035: 16033: 16032: 16027: 16022: 16021: 16020: 16015: 16007: 16002: 15997: 15995:Al Hillah 2005 15991: 15989: 15985: 15984: 15982: 15981: 15976: 15971: 15966: 15965: 15964: 15959: 15951: 15946: 15941: 15936: 15931: 15925: 15923: 15919: 15918: 15916: 15915: 15910: 15905: 15900: 15894: 15892: 15885: 15881:Other killings 15876: 15875: 15872: 15871: 15869: 15868: 15862: 15856: 15850: 15844: 15838: 15835:Balad Air Base 15832: 15826: 15820: 15813: 15811: 15805: 15804: 15802: 15801: 15794: 15792: 15786: 15785: 15783: 15782: 15776: 15770: 15764: 15758: 15752: 15746: 15740: 15734: 15728: 15722: 15716: 15710: 15704: 15698: 15693: 15687: 15686: 15685: 15680: 15669: 15667: 15658: 15650: 15649: 15639: 15638: 15635: 15634: 15631: 15630: 15628: 15627: 15625:Abu Kamal raid 15622: 15621: 15620: 15615: 15604: 15602: 15601:Related events 15598: 15597: 15594: 15593: 15591: 15590: 15583: 15581: 15577: 15576: 15574: 15573: 15568: 15563: 15558: 15553: 15545: 15543: 15539: 15538: 15536: 15535: 15530: 15525: 15523:Route Bismarck 15520: 15515: 15510: 15505: 15500: 15495: 15489: 15487: 15483: 15482: 15480: 15479: 15474: 15469: 15464: 15459: 15454: 15448: 15446: 15442: 15441: 15439: 15438: 15433: 15428: 15423: 15418: 15413: 15407: 15405: 15401: 15400: 15398: 15393: 15388: 15383: 15378: 15373: 15368: 15363: 15358: 15353: 15348: 15343: 15338: 15333: 15326: 15324: 15320: 15319: 15317: 15316: 15311: 15309:Majar al-Kabir 15305: 15302: 15301: 15299: 15298: 15293: 15288: 15283: 15278: 15273: 15268: 15263: 15258: 15253: 15248: 15243: 15238: 15233: 15227: 15225: 15218: 15211: 15207: 15206: 15203: 15202: 15200: 15199: 15193: 15191: 15187: 15186: 15184: 15183: 15178: 15173: 15167: 15165: 15161: 15160: 15158: 15157: 15152: 15147: 15142: 15137: 15135:Saber Guardian 15132: 15127: 15122: 15117: 15115:Phantom Strike 15112: 15107: 15102: 15097: 15092: 15087: 15082: 15080:Commando Eagle 15077: 15072: 15067: 15062: 15056: 15054: 15050: 15049: 15047: 15046: 15041: 15036: 15031: 15026: 15021: 15016: 15014:Guardian Tiger 15011: 15006: 15000: 14998: 14994: 14993: 14991: 14990: 14985: 14980: 14975: 14970: 14965: 14960: 14955: 14950: 14945: 14940: 14934: 14932: 14928: 14927: 14925: 14924: 14922:Warrior's Rage 14919: 14914: 14909: 14904: 14899: 14894: 14889: 14884: 14878: 14876: 14872: 14871: 14869: 14868: 14863: 14858: 14853: 14848: 14843: 14842: 14841: 14834:Northern Delay 14831: 14826: 14821: 14816: 14811: 14806: 14801: 14796: 14791: 14786: 14780: 14778: 14771: 14763: 14762: 14749: 14748: 14745: 14744: 14741: 14740: 14737: 14736: 14734: 14733: 14728: 14723: 14718: 14713: 14708: 14702: 14700: 14694: 14693: 14691: 14690: 14685: 14680: 14675: 14670: 14665: 14660: 14655: 14649: 14643: 14641: 14635: 14634: 14632: 14631: 14626: 14621: 14615: 14610: 14605: 14600: 14595: 14590: 14589: 14588: 14583: 14573: 14568: 14566:Jeish Muhammad 14563: 14558: 14553: 14548: 14543: 14537: 14535: 14526: 14520: 14519: 14517: 14516: 14511: 14509:United Kingdom 14506: 14501: 14496: 14491: 14486: 14481: 14476: 14471: 14466: 14461: 14459:Ba'athist Iraq 14456: 14450: 14448: 14440: 14439: 14427: 14426: 14423: 14422: 14419: 14418: 14415: 14414: 14412: 14411: 14410: 14409: 14399: 14394: 14393: 14392: 14382: 14381: 14380: 14369: 14367: 14356: 14355: 14350: 14345: 14340: 14335: 14334: 14333: 14326:Reconstruction 14323: 14318: 14313: 14312: 14311: 14306: 14301: 14291: 14285: 14283: 14275: 14274: 14272: 14271: 14266: 14261: 14256: 14251: 14246: 14241: 14236: 14231: 14225: 14223: 14215: 14214: 14212: 14211: 14210: 14209: 14199: 14198: 14197: 14187: 14182: 14177: 14176: 14175: 14166: 14161: 14151: 14146: 14144:Anbar campaign 14141: 14140: 14139: 14137:2003–06 period 14129: 14124: 14118: 14116: 14108: 14107: 14097: 14096: 14093: 14092: 14089: 14088: 14086: 14085: 14080: 14075: 14070: 14063: 14061:Vilnius letter 14058: 14053: 14048: 14046:Habbush letter 14042: 14040: 14034: 14033: 14031: 14030: 14025: 14023:Preemptive war 14020: 14019: 14018: 14013: 14008: 14001:Media coverage 13998: 13993: 13988: 13983: 13974: 13969: 13968: 13967: 13957: 13952: 13951: 13950: 13945: 13934: 13932: 13928: 13927: 13925: 13924: 13919: 13918: 13917: 13912: 13907: 13905:Anthrax claims 13897: 13896: 13895: 13890: 13885: 13880: 13875: 13873:Aluminum tubes 13870: 13859: 13857: 13851: 13850: 13847: 13846: 13844: 13843: 13842: 13841: 13831: 13826: 13821: 13820: 13819: 13809: 13808: 13807: 13805:Investigations 13797: 13792: 13787: 13785:1991 uprisings 13782: 13777: 13772: 13771: 13770: 13765: 13754: 13752: 13748: 13747: 13745: 13744: 13739: 13738: 13737: 13735:Anfal campaign 13732: 13727: 13713: 13708: 13703: 13697: 13695: 13688: 13680: 13679: 13667: 13666: 13663:Iraqi conflict 13660: 13657: 13656: 13648: 13647: 13640: 13633: 13625: 13619: 13618: 13613: 13610: 13608: 13607: 13590: 13577: 13566: 13553: 13542: 13523: 13521: 13518: 13516: 13515: 13499: 13493: 13475: 13469: 13451: 13446:978-1250006967 13445: 13432: 13389: 13380: 13374: 13356: 13354:on 8 May 2013. 13335: 13329: 13311: 13305: 13287: 13272: 13266: 13253: 13218: 13183: 13177: 13164: 13141: 13135: 13117: 13112:978-0307377227 13111: 13091: 13085: 13063: 13061:on 8 May 2013. 13042: 13028: 13016: 13010: 12995: 12982: 12976: 12953: 12951: 12948: 12946: 12945: 12915: 12889: 12860: 12848: 12836: 12824: 12798: 12772: 12746: 12734: 12704: 12692: 12680: 12653: 12641: 12629: 12603: 12591: 12579: 12548: 12544:Schlosser 2010 12536: 12510: 12491: 12465: 12439: 12413: 12387: 12354: 12328: 12302: 12265: 12239: 12212: 12200: 12188: 12157: 12126: 12100: 12074: 12044: 12018: 11979: 11950: 11924: 11898: 11872: 11846: 11820: 11793: 11767: 11738: 11712: 11697: 11671: 11645: 11619: 11593: 11564: 11540: 11514: 11488: 11462: 11437: 11425: 11398: 11372: 11346: 11320: 11294: 11258: 11232: 11205: 11179: 11142: 11130: 11115: 11089: 11062: 11037: 11022: 10986: 10927: 10896: 10885:on 9 July 2012 10871:Beinart, Peter 10862: 10840: 10815: 10804:on 29 May 2011 10789: 10778:on 6 June 2012 10755: 10743: 10709: 10678: 10666: 10654: 10623: 10597: 10571: 10559: 10547: 10516: 10490: 10464: 10438: 10412: 10382: 10356: 10330: 10304: 10277: 10251: 10225: 10203: 10177: 10151: 10125: 10099: 10073: 10047: 10021: 9995: 9984:on 29 May 2011 9966: 9935: 9909: 9883: 9857: 9845: 9833: 9803: 9777: 9751: 9739: 9713: 9686: 9660: 9648: 9633: 9621: 9590: 9575: 9546: 9534: 9522: 9496: 9484: 9472: 9435: 9420: 9408: 9381: 9369: 9357: 9325: 9310: 9298: 9287:on 13 May 2018 9272: 9250: 9236: 9222: 9213: 9201: 9175: 9144: 9113: 9101: 9089: 9058: 9046: 9020: 9008: 8982: 8970: 8958: 8946: 8915: 8902:New York Times 8885: 8859: 8833: 8807: 8776: 8750: 8739:on 7 July 2012 8719: 8707: 8678: 8649: 8620: 8594: 8568: 8556: 8520: 8494: 8464: 8438: 8427:on 13 May 2007 8408: 8378: 8352: 8326: 8314: 8283: 8254: 8228: 8202: 8176: 8164: 8138: 8112: 8083: 8057: 8028: 8002: 7976: 7962: 7933: 7904: 7892: 7863: 7837: 7808: 7782: 7756: 7711: 7685: 7659: 7628: 7616: 7590: 7578: 7566: 7540: 7525: 7499: 7459: 7433: 7407: 7395: 7383: 7356: 7344: 7313: 7283: 7252: 7230: 7218: 7192: 7166: 7140: 7114: 7083: 7056: 7041: 7015: 7003: 6991: 6979: 6967: 6955: 6943: 6931: 6890: 6878: 6847: 6818: 6788: 6753: 6722: 6710: 6707:. p. A01. 6695: 6669: 6639: 6628:. 22 June 2004 6613: 6601: 6571: 6559: 6547: 6535: 6520: 6509:on 16 May 2007 6489: 6477: 6450: 6428: 6402: 6376: 6364: 6352: 6350:, pp. 6–7 6337: 6325: 6294: 6282: 6260: 6238: 6212: 6190: 6159: 6147: 6121: 6091: 6069: 6057: 6045: 6007: 5981: 5969: 5957: 5927: 5901: 5872: 5850: 5838: 5823: 5811: 5785: 5759: 5747: 5735: 5723: 5708: 5696: 5684: 5658: 5646: 5634: 5622: 5610: 5598: 5563: 5548: 5536: 5514: 5485: 5466: 5454: 5442: 5430: 5371: 5359: 5334: 5322: 5318:Schlosser 2010 5310: 5284: 5272: 5242: 5230: 5208: 5182: 5170: 5158: 5146: 5134: 5108: 5081: 5048: 5036: 5010: 5001: 4989: 4977: 4966:on 4 June 2011 4947: 4921: 4899: 4881: 4869: 4857: 4828: 4802: 4790: 4749: 4737: 4708: 4681: 4670:. 16 July 2003 4655: 4630: 4599: 4573: 4547: 4517: 4506:on 7 July 2012 4487: 4472: 4450: 4435: 4403: 4391: 4374: 4362: 4358:Bouckaert 2003 4350: 4346:Bouckaert 2003 4338: 4304: 4292: 4277: 4251: 4234: 4222: 4196: 4179:Modern Rangers 4165: 4138: 4111: 4085: 4073: 4042: 4030: 4013: 3998: 3986: 3974: 3962: 3929: 3917: 3886: 3874: 3844: 3833:on 2 July 2017 3801: 3797:Cordesman 2008 3789: 3760: 3745: 3743: 3740: 3737: 3736: 3727: 3710: 3693: 3680: 3648: 3643: 3642: 3615: 3581: 3569: 3560: 3551: 3540: 3539: 3537: 3534: 3533: 3532: 3527: 3522: 3517: 3511: 3510: 3496: 3480: 3477: 3459:detainee abuse 3450: 3447: 3398: 3395: 3317: 3314: 3297: 3292:Main article: 3289: 3286: 3259: 3256: 3209: 3201:Scott Speicher 3164: 3161: 3106: 3079: 3076: 3074: 3071: 3065:deputy leader 3014: 3001:George W. Bush 2992: 2989: 2921:Main article: 2918: 2915: 2875:Main article: 2872: 2869: 2853:Friday prayers 2800: 2797: 2795: 2792: 2715: 2713: 2710: 2692:Master-at-Arms 2662:Fasal al Gaood 2624:, who led the 2610:Main article: 2607: 2604: 2560:Main article: 2557: 2554: 2542:David Petraeus 2517:H. R. McMaster 2473:Main article: 2470: 2467: 2431:John P. Murtha 2415:Frank Wuterich 2412:Staff Sergeant 2391:Main article: 2388: 2385: 2383: 2380: 2320:Main article: 2317: 2314: 2221:suburban belts 2212: 2209: 2183: 2163:remote control 2127:Main article: 2124: 2121: 2063: 2060: 2058: 2055: 2044:division-level 2037:, January 2005 2025: 2005:Rafael Peralta 1892: 1883:Main article: 1880: 1877: 1865:Kenneth Bigley 1827: 1824: 1763:Medal of Honor 1726:Main article: 1723: 1720: 1697:Muhammed Latif 1602:George W. Bush 1574: 1565:Main article: 1562: 1559: 1539:Blackwater USA 1510:(based on the 1485:Chuck Swannack 1464: 1461: 1459: 1456: 1396: 1393: 1285: 1279: 1276: 1268:Order Number 2 1223: 1211: 1208: 1192:the insurgency 1169:suicide bomber 1137:special forces 1117:Main article: 1114: 1111: 1109: 1106: 1084:Saddam Hussein 1025:Lake Qadisiyah 1011:, Jordan, and 1005:North Carolina 986: 983: 971:George W. Bush 874:Sunni Triangle 830:Anbar campaign 823: 822: 820: 819: 814: 809: 808: 807: 805:Karmah Bombing 797: 792: 785: 778: 773: 766: 765: 764: 762:Ramadi Bombing 752: 745: 744: 743: 736: 729: 717: 710: 705: 698: 697: 696: 691: 686: 681: 669: 664: 657: 651: 648: 647: 633: 632: 625: 618: 610: 602: 601: 593: 592: 585: 554: 553: 549: 548: 543: 508: 507: 503: 502: 500: 499: 494: 489: 480: 471: 459: 454: 451: 442: 437: 428: 419: 410: 401: 392: 385: 384: 383: 377: 375: 374: 365: 353: 348: 339: 333:Fasal al Gaood 330: 321: 320: 319: 304: 303: 298: 293: 288: 283: 278: 273: 268: 263: 258: 256:Chuck Swannack 249: 248: 247: 231: 230: 226: 225: 223: 222: 217: 212: 207: 202: 197: 192: 183: 182: 181: 174: 172:United Kingdom 162: 161: 156: 151: 132: 131: 110: 109: 105: 104: 101: 100: 97: 93: 92: 86: 84: 80: 79: 76: 68: 67: 66:, in May 2006. 45: 44: 37: 36: 35:Anbar Campaign 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 17689: 17678: 17675: 17673: 17670: 17668: 17665: 17663: 17660: 17658: 17657:2000s in Iraq 17655: 17653: 17650: 17648: 17645: 17643: 17640: 17638: 17635: 17633: 17630: 17628: 17625: 17623: 17620: 17618: 17615: 17613: 17610: 17608: 17605: 17604: 17602: 17589: 17580: 17576: 17571: 17562: 17552: 17542: 17539: 17537: 17534: 17532: 17529: 17527: 17524: 17522: 17521:Unilateralism 17519: 17517: 17516: 17512: 17510: 17507: 17505: 17502: 17500: 17497: 17495: 17492: 17490: 17487: 17485: 17482: 17478: 17475: 17474: 17473: 17470: 17468: 17465: 17463: 17460: 17458: 17455: 17451: 17448: 17447: 17446: 17443: 17441: 17438: 17436: 17433: 17431: 17428: 17426: 17423: 17422: 17419: 17412: 17408: 17394: 17391: 17389: 17386: 17384: 17381: 17379: 17376: 17374: 17371: 17369: 17366: 17364: 17361: 17359: 17356: 17354: 17351: 17350: 17348: 17346: 17342: 17336: 17333: 17331: 17328: 17326: 17323: 17321: 17320:Documentaries 17318: 17316: 17313: 17311: 17308: 17306: 17303: 17301: 17298: 17297: 17295: 17291: 17285: 17284: 17280: 17278: 17275: 17273: 17270: 17268: 17265: 17263: 17260: 17258: 17255: 17254: 17252: 17248: 17238: 17237: 17233: 17231: 17228: 17226: 17223: 17222: 17220: 17216: 17210: 17209: 17205: 17203: 17200: 17198: 17197: 17193: 17191: 17188: 17186: 17183: 17181: 17180: 17176: 17174: 17171: 17169: 17168:Shock and awe 17166: 17164: 17163:Regime change 17161: 17159: 17156: 17154: 17153: 17149: 17147: 17144: 17142: 17141:Friedman Unit 17139: 17137: 17136:Freedom fries 17134: 17132: 17129: 17127: 17126:Dead checking 17124: 17122: 17121: 17117: 17115: 17114: 17110: 17108: 17107: 17106:"Baghdad Bob" 17103: 17099: 17098: 17094: 17093: 17092: 17091: 17087: 17086: 17084: 17080: 17076: 17072:Miscellaneous 17069: 17065: 17050: 17047: 17044: 17041: 17038: 17035: 17032: 17029: 17026: 17023: 17021: 17018: 17017: 17015: 17011: 17006: 17003: 17001: 16998: 16996: 16993: 16991: 16988: 16986: 16983: 16981: 16978: 16976: 16973: 16971: 16968: 16966: 16963: 16961: 16958: 16956: 16953: 16951: 16949: 16945: 16939: 16936: 16934: 16933: 16929: 16927: 16926: 16922: 16920: 16917: 16915: 16912: 16910: 16907: 16905: 16902: 16900: 16897: 16895: 16892: 16888: 16885: 16884: 16883: 16880: 16879: 16870: 16867: 16865: 16864: 16860: 16858: 16855: 16854: 16852: 16848: 16845: 16841: 16831: 16828: 16826: 16823: 16821: 16818: 16817: 16815: 16811: 16803: 16802:War resisters 16800: 16799: 16798: 16795: 16793: 16792: 16788: 16786: 16783: 16781: 16778: 16776: 16773: 16771: 16768: 16766: 16763: 16759: 16756: 16755: 16754: 16751: 16749: 16746: 16744: 16741: 16739: 16736: 16734: 16731: 16729: 16726: 16725: 16723: 16721:controversies 16717: 16711: 16708: 16704: 16701: 16699: 16696: 16695: 16694: 16691: 16689: 16686: 16682: 16679: 16678: 16677: 16674: 16672: 16669: 16665: 16662: 16661: 16660: 16657: 16653: 16650: 16648: 16645: 16643: 16640: 16638: 16635: 16634: 16633: 16630: 16629: 16627: 16623: 16619: 16612: 16608: 16596: 16594: 16588: 16582: 16581:Taguba Report 16579: 16577: 16576: 16575:Saleh v. Bush 16572: 16570: 16569: 16565: 16563: 16562: 16558: 16556: 16553: 16549: 16546: 16545: 16544: 16541: 16540: 16538: 16534: 16527: 16524: 16522: 16519: 16517: 16514: 16512: 16509: 16508: 16506: 16502: 16492: 16489: 16487: 16484: 16482: 16481:Taji bombings 16479: 16477: 16474: 16472: 16469: 16467: 16464: 16462: 16459: 16457: 16454: 16450: 16447: 16445: 16442: 16440: 16437: 16436: 16434: 16430: 16427: 16425: 16422: 16421: 16419: 16418: 16416: 16412: 16406: 16403: 16401: 16398: 16394: 16391: 16389: 16386: 16384: 16381: 16379: 16376: 16374: 16371: 16369: 16366: 16365: 16363: 16359: 16356: 16354: 16351: 16350: 16348: 16347: 16345: 16341: 16335: 16334:Tal Afar 2009 16332: 16330: 16327: 16325: 16322: 16320: 16317: 16313: 16310: 16308: 16305: 16303: 16300: 16298: 16295: 16293: 16290: 16288: 16285: 16284: 16282: 16281: 16279: 16275: 16269: 16266: 16264: 16261: 16259: 16256: 16254: 16251: 16249: 16246: 16244: 16241: 16237: 16234: 16232: 16229: 16227: 16224: 16223: 16221: 16220: 16218: 16214: 16208: 16205: 16203: 16200: 16198: 16195: 16193: 16190: 16188: 16185: 16183: 16180: 16178: 16175: 16171: 16168: 16166: 16163: 16162: 16160: 16158: 16155: 16153: 16150: 16148: 16147:Tal Afar 2007 16145: 16143: 16140: 16136: 16133: 16131: 16128: 16126: 16123: 16121: 16118: 16116: 16113: 16111: 16108: 16106: 16103: 16101: 16098: 16097: 16095: 16093: 16090: 16089: 16087: 16083: 16077: 16074: 16070: 16067: 16065: 16062: 16061: 16059: 16057: 16054: 16052: 16049: 16047: 16044: 16043: 16041: 16037: 16031: 16028: 16026: 16023: 16019: 16016: 16014: 16011: 16010: 16008: 16006: 16003: 16001: 15998: 15996: 15993: 15992: 15990: 15986: 15980: 15977: 15975: 15972: 15970: 15967: 15963: 15960: 15958: 15955: 15954: 15952: 15950: 15947: 15945: 15942: 15940: 15937: 15935: 15932: 15930: 15927: 15926: 15924: 15920: 15914: 15911: 15909: 15906: 15904: 15901: 15899: 15896: 15895: 15893: 15889: 15886: 15884: 15877: 15866: 15863: 15860: 15857: 15854: 15851: 15848: 15845: 15842: 15839: 15836: 15833: 15830: 15827: 15824: 15821: 15818: 15815: 15814: 15812: 15806: 15799: 15796: 15795: 15793: 15787: 15780: 15779:Iraq War Logs 15777: 15774: 15771: 15768: 15765: 15762: 15759: 15756: 15753: 15750: 15747: 15744: 15741: 15738: 15735: 15732: 15729: 15726: 15723: 15720: 15717: 15714: 15711: 15708: 15705: 15702: 15699: 15697: 15694: 15691: 15688: 15684: 15681: 15679: 15676: 15675: 15674: 15671: 15670: 15668: 15662: 15659: 15655: 15651: 15644: 15640: 15626: 15623: 15619: 15616: 15614: 15611: 15610: 15609: 15606: 15605: 15603: 15599: 15588: 15585: 15584: 15582: 15578: 15572: 15569: 15567: 15564: 15562: 15559: 15557: 15554: 15552: 15551: 15547: 15546: 15544: 15540: 15534: 15531: 15529: 15528:Donkey Island 15526: 15524: 15521: 15519: 15516: 15514: 15511: 15509: 15506: 15504: 15501: 15499: 15496: 15494: 15491: 15490: 15488: 15484: 15478: 15475: 15473: 15470: 15468: 15465: 15463: 15460: 15458: 15455: 15453: 15450: 15449: 15447: 15443: 15437: 15434: 15432: 15429: 15427: 15424: 15422: 15419: 15417: 15414: 15412: 15411:Lake Tharthar 15409: 15408: 15406: 15402: 15397: 15394: 15392: 15389: 15387: 15384: 15382: 15379: 15377: 15374: 15372: 15369: 15367: 15364: 15362: 15359: 15357: 15354: 15352: 15349: 15347: 15344: 15342: 15339: 15337: 15334: 15332: 15331: 15327: 15325: 15321: 15315: 15312: 15310: 15307: 15306: 15297: 15294: 15292: 15289: 15287: 15284: 15282: 15279: 15277: 15274: 15272: 15269: 15267: 15264: 15262: 15259: 15257: 15254: 15252: 15249: 15247: 15244: 15242: 15239: 15237: 15234: 15232: 15229: 15228: 15226: 15222: 15219: 15215: 15212: 15208: 15198: 15195: 15194: 15192: 15188: 15182: 15179: 15177: 15174: 15172: 15169: 15168: 15166: 15162: 15156: 15153: 15151: 15148: 15146: 15143: 15141: 15138: 15136: 15133: 15131: 15128: 15126: 15125:Polar Tempest 15123: 15121: 15118: 15116: 15113: 15111: 15108: 15106: 15103: 15101: 15098: 15096: 15093: 15091: 15088: 15086: 15085:Forsythe Park 15083: 15081: 15078: 15076: 15073: 15071: 15068: 15066: 15063: 15061: 15058: 15057: 15055: 15051: 15045: 15042: 15040: 15037: 15035: 15032: 15030: 15027: 15025: 15022: 15020: 15019:Iron Triangle 15017: 15015: 15012: 15010: 15007: 15005: 15002: 15001: 14999: 14995: 14989: 14988:Steel Curtain 14986: 14984: 14981: 14979: 14978:Spear (Romhe) 14976: 14974: 14971: 14969: 14966: 14964: 14961: 14959: 14956: 14954: 14951: 14949: 14946: 14944: 14941: 14939: 14936: 14935: 14933: 14929: 14923: 14920: 14918: 14915: 14913: 14912:Plymouth Rock 14910: 14908: 14905: 14903: 14900: 14898: 14895: 14893: 14890: 14888: 14885: 14883: 14880: 14879: 14877: 14873: 14867: 14864: 14862: 14859: 14857: 14854: 14852: 14849: 14847: 14844: 14840: 14837: 14836: 14835: 14832: 14830: 14827: 14825: 14822: 14820: 14817: 14815: 14812: 14810: 14809:Desert Thrust 14807: 14805: 14802: 14800: 14797: 14795: 14792: 14790: 14787: 14785: 14782: 14781: 14779: 14775: 14772: 14768: 14764: 14760: 14754: 14750: 14732: 14729: 14727: 14724: 14722: 14719: 14717: 14714: 14712: 14709: 14707: 14704: 14703: 14701: 14695: 14689: 14686: 14684: 14681: 14679: 14676: 14674: 14671: 14669: 14666: 14664: 14661: 14659: 14656: 14653: 14650: 14648: 14645: 14644: 14642: 14636: 14630: 14627: 14625: 14622: 14619: 14616: 14614: 14611: 14609: 14606: 14604: 14601: 14599: 14596: 14594: 14591: 14587: 14584: 14582: 14579: 14578: 14577: 14574: 14572: 14569: 14567: 14564: 14562: 14561:Hamas of Iraq 14559: 14557: 14554: 14552: 14549: 14547: 14544: 14542: 14539: 14538: 14536: 14530: 14527: 14521: 14515: 14514:United States 14512: 14510: 14507: 14505: 14502: 14500: 14497: 14495: 14492: 14490: 14487: 14485: 14482: 14480: 14477: 14475: 14472: 14470: 14467: 14465: 14462: 14460: 14457: 14455: 14452: 14451: 14449: 14445: 14441: 14437: 14432: 14428: 14408: 14405: 14404: 14403: 14400: 14398: 14395: 14391: 14388: 14387: 14386: 14383: 14379: 14376: 14375: 14374: 14371: 14370: 14368: 14366: 14360: 14354: 14351: 14349: 14346: 14344: 14341: 14339: 14336: 14332: 14329: 14328: 14327: 14324: 14322: 14319: 14317: 14314: 14310: 14307: 14305: 14302: 14300: 14297: 14296: 14295: 14292: 14290: 14287: 14286: 14284: 14282: 14276: 14270: 14267: 14265: 14262: 14260: 14257: 14255: 14252: 14250: 14247: 14245: 14242: 14240: 14237: 14235: 14232: 14230: 14227: 14226: 14224: 14222: 14216: 14208: 14205: 14204: 14203: 14200: 14196: 14193: 14192: 14191: 14188: 14186: 14183: 14181: 14178: 14174: 14170: 14167: 14165: 14162: 14160: 14159:Interrogation 14157: 14156: 14155: 14152: 14150: 14147: 14145: 14142: 14138: 14135: 14134: 14133: 14130: 14128: 14125: 14123: 14120: 14119: 14117: 14113: 14109: 14102: 14098: 14084: 14081: 14079: 14076: 14074: 14071: 14069: 14068: 14064: 14062: 14059: 14057: 14054: 14052: 14049: 14047: 14044: 14043: 14041: 14035: 14029: 14026: 14024: 14021: 14017: 14014: 14012: 14009: 14007: 14004: 14003: 14002: 13999: 13997: 13994: 13992: 13989: 13987: 13984: 13982: 13978: 13975: 13973: 13970: 13966: 13963: 13962: 13961: 13958: 13956: 13953: 13949: 13946: 13944: 13943:Bush Doctrine 13941: 13940: 13939: 13936: 13935: 13933: 13929: 13923: 13920: 13916: 13913: 13911: 13908: 13906: 13903: 13902: 13901: 13898: 13894: 13891: 13889: 13886: 13884: 13881: 13879: 13876: 13874: 13871: 13869: 13866: 13865: 13864: 13861: 13860: 13858: 13856: 13852: 13840: 13837: 13836: 13835: 13832: 13830: 13827: 13825: 13824:War on terror 13822: 13818: 13815: 13814: 13813: 13810: 13806: 13803: 13802: 13801: 13798: 13796: 13793: 13791: 13788: 13786: 13783: 13781: 13778: 13776: 13773: 13769: 13766: 13764: 13761: 13760: 13759: 13756: 13755: 13753: 13749: 13743: 13740: 13736: 13733: 13731: 13728: 13726: 13722: 13719: 13718: 13717: 13716:Iran–Iraq War 13714: 13712: 13709: 13707: 13704: 13702: 13699: 13698: 13696: 13692: 13689: 13685: 13681: 13677: 13672: 13668: 13664: 13658: 13653: 13646: 13641: 13639: 13634: 13632: 13627: 13626: 13623: 13616: 13615: 13604: 13600: 13596: 13591: 13587: 13583: 13578: 13574: 13573: 13567: 13563: 13559: 13554: 13550: 13549: 13543: 13539: 13535: 13534: 13529: 13525: 13524: 13512: 13508: 13504: 13500: 13496: 13490: 13486: 13485: 13480: 13476: 13472: 13466: 13462: 13461: 13456: 13452: 13448: 13442: 13438: 13433: 13426: 13422: 13418: 13414: 13410: 13406: 13402: 13395: 13390: 13387: 13384: 13381: 13377: 13371: 13367: 13366: 13361: 13357: 13350: 13343: 13342: 13336: 13332: 13326: 13322: 13321: 13316: 13315:Ricks, Thomas 13312: 13308: 13306:0-14-303891-5 13302: 13298: 13297: 13292: 13291:Ricks, Thomas 13288: 13281: 13277: 13273: 13269: 13263: 13259: 13254: 13250: 13244: 13233: 13226: 13225: 13219: 13215: 13209: 13198: 13191: 13190: 13184: 13180: 13174: 13170: 13165: 13158: 13154: 13147: 13142: 13138: 13132: 13128: 13127: 13122: 13121:Hedges, Chris 13118: 13114: 13108: 13104: 13100: 13096: 13092: 13088: 13082: 13078: 13077: 13072: 13068: 13064: 13057: 13050: 13049: 13043: 13036: 13035: 13029: 13022: 13017: 13013: 13007: 13003: 13002: 12996: 12992: 12988: 12983: 12979: 12973: 12969: 12968: 12963: 12959: 12955: 12954: 12933: 12929: 12925: 12919: 12904: 12900: 12893: 12878: 12874: 12867: 12865: 12857: 12852: 12845: 12840: 12833: 12828: 12813: 12809: 12802: 12787: 12783: 12776: 12761: 12757: 12750: 12743: 12738: 12722: 12718: 12714: 12708: 12701: 12696: 12689: 12684: 12668: 12664: 12657: 12650: 12645: 12639:, p. 285 12638: 12633: 12618: 12614: 12607: 12601:, p. 197 12600: 12595: 12588: 12583: 12568: 12564: 12557: 12555: 12553: 12545: 12540: 12525: 12521: 12514: 12506: 12502: 12495: 12479: 12475: 12469: 12454: 12450: 12443: 12428: 12424: 12417: 12402: 12398: 12391: 12375: 12371: 12366: 12358: 12343: 12339: 12332: 12317: 12313: 12306: 12287: 12283: 12276: 12269: 12253: 12249: 12243: 12228:. p. A01 12227: 12223: 12216: 12209: 12204: 12197: 12192: 12176: 12172: 12168: 12161: 12146: 12142: 12135: 12133: 12131: 12115: 12111: 12104: 12088: 12087:National Post 12084: 12078: 12062: 12058: 12054: 12048: 12032: 12028: 12022: 12014: 12008: 11992: 11986: 11984: 11967: 11963: 11957: 11955: 11939: 11935: 11928: 11912: 11908: 11902: 11887: 11883: 11876: 11861: 11857: 11850: 11835: 11831: 11824: 11808: 11804: 11797: 11782: 11778: 11771: 11756: 11752: 11745: 11743: 11727: 11723: 11716: 11709: 11704: 11702: 11686: 11682: 11675: 11660: 11656: 11649: 11634: 11630: 11623: 11608: 11604: 11597: 11582: 11578: 11571: 11569: 11560: 11556: 11555: 11547: 11545: 11529: 11525: 11518: 11502: 11498: 11492: 11476: 11472: 11466: 11451: 11448: 11441: 11435:, p. 300 11434: 11429: 11413: 11409: 11402: 11387: 11383: 11376: 11361: 11357: 11350: 11335: 11331: 11324: 11308: 11304: 11298: 11290: 11284: 11268: 11262: 11246: 11242: 11236: 11220: 11216: 11209: 11193: 11189: 11183: 11168: 11164: 11157: 11155: 11153: 11151: 11149: 11147: 11139: 11134: 11127: 11122: 11120: 11103: 11099: 11093: 11077: 11073: 11066: 11051: 11048: 11041: 11035:, p. 344 11034: 11033:Zawahiri 2007 11029: 11027: 11011:on 8 May 2012 11007: 11003: 10996: 10990: 10971: 10964: 10945: 10938: 10931: 10915: 10911: 10907: 10900: 10884: 10880: 10876: 10872: 10866: 10850: 10844: 10828: 10822: 10820: 10803: 10799: 10793: 10777: 10773: 10769: 10762: 10760: 10752: 10747: 10731: 10727: 10723: 10716: 10714: 10697: 10693: 10689: 10682: 10675: 10670: 10664:, p. 287 10663: 10658: 10642: 10638: 10634: 10627: 10611: 10607: 10601: 10585: 10581: 10575: 10568: 10563: 10556: 10551: 10535: 10531: 10527: 10520: 10505: 10501: 10494: 10479: 10475: 10468: 10452: 10448: 10442: 10427: 10423: 10416: 10400: 10396: 10392: 10386: 10370: 10366: 10360: 10345: 10341: 10334: 10319: 10315: 10308: 10292: 10288: 10281: 10266: 10262: 10255: 10240: 10236: 10229: 10213: 10207: 10192: 10188: 10181: 10165: 10161: 10155: 10139: 10135: 10129: 10114: 10110: 10103: 10088: 10084: 10077: 10061: 10057: 10051: 10036: 10032: 10025: 10010: 10006: 9999: 9983: 9979: 9973: 9971: 9954: 9950: 9946: 9939: 9923: 9919: 9913: 9897: 9893: 9887: 9871: 9867: 9861: 9854: 9853:Michaels 2010 9849: 9842: 9837: 9821: 9817: 9813: 9807: 9792: 9788: 9781: 9766: 9762: 9755: 9749:, p. 182 9748: 9743: 9727: 9723: 9717: 9701: 9697: 9690: 9675: 9671: 9664: 9657: 9652: 9645: 9644:Michaels 2010 9640: 9638: 9630: 9625: 9609: 9605: 9601: 9594: 9587: 9582: 9580: 9564: 9560: 9553: 9551: 9544:, p. 137 9543: 9542:Michaels 2010 9538: 9531: 9526: 9511: 9507: 9500: 9493: 9492:Michaels 2010 9488: 9481: 9476: 9460: 9456: 9452: 9451: 9446: 9439: 9432: 9431:Michaels 2010 9427: 9425: 9417: 9416:Michaels 2010 9412: 9396: 9392: 9385: 9378: 9377:Michaels 2010 9373: 9366: 9365:Michaels 2010 9361: 9346: 9342: 9338: 9332: 9330: 9322: 9321:Michaels 2010 9317: 9315: 9307: 9302: 9286: 9282: 9276: 9260: 9254: 9246: 9240: 9232: 9226: 9217: 9210: 9209:Michaels 2010 9205: 9190: 9186: 9179: 9163: 9159: 9155: 9148: 9132: 9128: 9124: 9117: 9110: 9109:Michaels 2010 9105: 9098: 9093: 9078: 9074: 9067: 9065: 9063: 9055: 9054:Michaels 2010 9050: 9035: 9031: 9024: 9017: 9012: 8997: 8993: 8986: 8979: 8978:Michaels 2010 8974: 8967: 8966:Michaels 2010 8962: 8955: 8950: 8934: 8930: 8926: 8919: 8903: 8899: 8892: 8890: 8873: 8869: 8863: 8847: 8843: 8837: 8821: 8817: 8811: 8795: 8791: 8787: 8780: 8765: 8761: 8754: 8738: 8734: 8730: 8723: 8716: 8711: 8696: 8692: 8685: 8683: 8667: 8663: 8656: 8654: 8638: 8634: 8627: 8625: 8609: 8605: 8598: 8583: 8579: 8572: 8565: 8560: 8544: 8540: 8536: 8529: 8527: 8525: 8509: 8505: 8498: 8482: 8478: 8474: 8468: 8452: 8448: 8442: 8426: 8422: 8421:Khaleej Times 8418: 8412: 8396: 8392: 8388: 8382: 8367: 8363: 8356: 8341: 8337: 8330: 8324:, p. 119 8323: 8318: 8302: 8298: 8294: 8287: 8272: 8268: 8261: 8259: 8243: 8239: 8232: 8217: 8213: 8206: 8190: 8186: 8180: 8173: 8168: 8152: 8148: 8142: 8127: 8123: 8116: 8101: 8097: 8090: 8088: 8072: 8068: 8061: 8046: 8042: 8035: 8033: 8016: 8012: 8006: 7990: 7989:Hall of Valor 7986: 7980: 7974: 7969: 7967: 7951: 7947: 7940: 7938: 7921: 7917: 7911: 7909: 7901: 7896: 7881: 7877: 7870: 7868: 7852: 7848: 7841: 7826: 7822: 7815: 7813: 7797: 7793: 7786: 7771: 7767: 7760: 7752: 7746: 7731: 7727: 7720: 7718: 7716: 7699: 7695: 7689: 7674: 7670: 7663: 7647: 7643: 7639: 7632: 7625: 7620: 7605: 7601: 7594: 7587: 7586:Michaels 2010 7582: 7575: 7570: 7555: 7551: 7544: 7537: 7532: 7530: 7514: 7510: 7503: 7484: 7480: 7473: 7466: 7464: 7448: 7444: 7437: 7422: 7418: 7411: 7404: 7399: 7392: 7387: 7372:. p. A20 7371: 7367: 7360: 7353: 7348: 7333: 7329: 7322: 7320: 7318: 7301: 7297: 7290: 7288: 7271: 7267: 7263: 7256: 7240: 7234: 7227: 7222: 7207: 7203: 7196: 7181: 7177: 7170: 7155: 7151: 7144: 7128: 7124: 7118: 7102: 7098: 7094: 7087: 7071: 7067: 7060: 7053: 7048: 7046: 7029: 7025: 7019: 7012: 7007: 7000: 6995: 6988: 6983: 6976: 6971: 6964: 6959: 6952: 6947: 6940: 6935: 6929: 6925: 6922: 6909: 6905: 6901: 6894: 6888:, p. 255 6887: 6882: 6866: 6862: 6858: 6851: 6836: 6832: 6825: 6823: 6806: 6802: 6798: 6792: 6776: 6772: 6768: 6764: 6757: 6741: 6737: 6733: 6726: 6719: 6714: 6706: 6699: 6683: 6679: 6673: 6657: 6653: 6649: 6643: 6627: 6623: 6617: 6610: 6605: 6589: 6585: 6581: 6575: 6568: 6563: 6556: 6551: 6544: 6539: 6532: 6527: 6525: 6508: 6504: 6500: 6493: 6486: 6481: 6466:. p. A18 6465: 6461: 6454: 6438: 6432: 6417: 6413: 6406: 6390: 6386: 6380: 6373: 6368: 6361: 6356: 6349: 6344: 6342: 6334: 6329: 6314: 6310: 6303: 6301: 6299: 6292:, p. 238 6291: 6286: 6270: 6264: 6248: 6242: 6227: 6223: 6216: 6200: 6194: 6178: 6174: 6170: 6163: 6156: 6151: 6136: 6132: 6125: 6109: 6105: 6101: 6095: 6079: 6073: 6066: 6061: 6054: 6049: 6033: 6029: 6022: 6020: 6018: 6016: 6014: 6012: 5996: 5992: 5985: 5978: 5973: 5966: 5961: 5945: 5941: 5934: 5932: 5915: 5911: 5905: 5890: 5886: 5879: 5877: 5860: 5854: 5848:, p. 185 5847: 5842: 5835: 5830: 5828: 5820: 5815: 5800: 5796: 5789: 5774: 5770: 5763: 5756: 5751: 5744: 5739: 5732: 5727: 5720: 5715: 5713: 5705: 5700: 5693: 5688: 5673: 5669: 5662: 5655: 5650: 5643: 5638: 5631: 5626: 5619: 5614: 5607: 5602: 5587: 5583: 5576: 5574: 5572: 5570: 5568: 5560: 5555: 5553: 5545: 5540: 5524: 5518: 5503: 5499: 5492: 5490: 5481: 5477: 5470: 5463: 5458: 5451: 5446: 5439: 5434: 5418: 5414: 5410: 5404: 5402: 5400: 5398: 5396: 5394: 5392: 5390: 5388: 5386: 5384: 5382: 5380: 5378: 5376: 5368: 5363: 5347: 5341: 5339: 5331: 5326: 5319: 5314: 5298: 5294: 5288: 5281: 5276: 5260: 5256: 5255:World Tribune 5252: 5246: 5239: 5234: 5218: 5212: 5197: 5193: 5186: 5179: 5174: 5167: 5162: 5155: 5150: 5143: 5138: 5123: 5119: 5112: 5096: 5092: 5085: 5069: 5065: 5064: 5059: 5052: 5045: 5040: 5025: 5021: 5014: 5005: 4999:, p. 319 4998: 4993: 4986: 4981: 4965: 4961: 4957: 4951: 4936: 4932: 4925: 4909: 4903: 4895: 4891: 4885: 4878: 4873: 4866: 4861: 4846: 4842: 4835: 4833: 4817: 4813: 4806: 4799: 4794: 4786: 4780: 4764: 4760: 4753: 4746: 4741: 4725: 4721: 4715: 4713: 4697:. p. A08 4696: 4692: 4685: 4669: 4665: 4659: 4644: 4641: 4634: 4618: 4614: 4613:Common Dreams 4610: 4603: 4588: 4584: 4577: 4561: 4557: 4551: 4535: 4531: 4527: 4521: 4505: 4501: 4497: 4491: 4485:, p. 165 4484: 4479: 4477: 4460: 4454: 4447: 4442: 4440: 4420: 4413: 4407: 4400: 4395: 4388: 4383: 4381: 4379: 4371: 4366: 4359: 4354: 4347: 4342: 4336: 4323: 4319: 4315: 4308: 4301: 4296: 4290:, p. 264 4289: 4284: 4282: 4265: 4261: 4255: 4249:, p. 380 4248: 4243: 4241: 4239: 4231: 4226: 4211: 4207: 4200: 4184: 4180: 4176: 4169: 4153: 4149: 4142: 4126: 4122: 4115: 4100: 4096: 4089: 4082: 4077: 4061: 4057: 4053: 4046: 4040:, p. 216 4039: 4034: 4028:, p. 158 4027: 4022: 4020: 4018: 4010: 4005: 4003: 3996:, p. 142 3995: 3990: 3984:, p. 138 3983: 3978: 3971: 3970:Michaels 2010 3966: 3950: 3946: 3942: 3936: 3934: 3926: 3921: 3905: 3901: 3895: 3893: 3891: 3884:, p. 147 3883: 3878: 3862: 3858: 3854: 3848: 3832: 3828: 3824: 3818: 3816: 3814: 3812: 3810: 3808: 3806: 3798: 3793: 3778: 3774: 3767: 3765: 3758: 3753: 3751: 3746: 3731: 3724: 3720: 3714: 3707: 3703: 3697: 3690: 3684: 3668: 3664: 3663:DefendAmerica 3660: 3652: 3641: 3639: 3633: 3632:Walter Gaskin 3627: 3622: 3621: 3616: 3614: 3612: 3611:John F. Kelly 3606: 3600: 3596: 3591: 3590: 3585: 3584: 3579: 3573: 3564: 3555: 3545: 3541: 3531: 3528: 3526: 3523: 3521: 3518: 3516: 3513: 3512: 3508: 3497: 3494: 3483: 3475: 3473: 3467: 3465: 3460: 3455: 3446: 3444: 3443:Lake Tharthar 3440: 3436: 3431: 3429: 3428:Nicholas Berg 3424: 3420: 3416: 3408: 3403: 3397:By insurgents 3393: 3388: 3385: 3382: 3376: 3374: 3370: 3365: 3363: 3357: 3355: 3354:birth defects 3351: 3347: 3343: 3339: 3335: 3327: 3322: 3313: 3308: 3302: 3295: 3285: 3284:in the city. 3283: 3278: 3269: 3264: 3255: 3251: 3249: 3245: 3241: 3236: 3234: 3229: 3223: 3220: 3213: 3208: 3206: 3202: 3196: 3194: 3190: 3186: 3182: 3178: 3174: 3170: 3160: 3158: 3153: 3149: 3145: 3137: 3134:and Governor 3133: 3132:John F. Kelly 3130:Maj. General 3128: 3124: 3119: 3117: 3110: 3105: 3102: 3098: 3094: 3093:7th Divisions 3090: 3085: 3070: 3068: 3064: 3060: 3056: 3050: 3048: 3044: 3041: 3037: 3032: 3030: 3026: 3013: 3006: 3002: 2997: 2988: 2986: 2982: 2977: 2972: 2970: 2960: 2956: 2954: 2950: 2946: 2942: 2938: 2934: 2930: 2924: 2914: 2912: 2911: 2906: 2902: 2898: 2893: 2883: 2878: 2868: 2866: 2863: 2858: 2857:Mansour Hotel 2854: 2848: 2846: 2841: 2837: 2833: 2829: 2824: 2822: 2818: 2814: 2810: 2806: 2791: 2789: 2785: 2784:Megan McClung 2781: 2776: 2773: 2769: 2765: 2761: 2757: 2753: 2748: 2746: 2745: 2740: 2736: 2729: 2727:, August 2006 2726: 2719: 2709: 2707: 2703: 2699: 2696: 2693: 2689: 2684: 2682: 2678: 2673: 2671: 2667: 2663: 2659: 2650: 2646: 2644: 2640: 2639:funeral rites 2636: 2627: 2623: 2618: 2613: 2603: 2599: 2595: 2592: 2583: 2579: 2577: 2573: 2569: 2563: 2553: 2551: 2547: 2543: 2539: 2534: 2530: 2526: 2522: 2518: 2514: 2510: 2507:tanks and 84 2506: 2502: 2499:(BCT) of the 2498: 2494: 2486: 2481: 2476: 2466: 2464: 2460: 2456: 2452: 2446: 2444: 2440: 2436: 2432: 2428: 2424: 2419: 2416: 2413: 2404: 2399: 2394: 2379: 2377: 2373: 2372: 2366: 2365: 2359: 2355: 2351: 2346: 2344: 2340: 2335: 2333: 2329: 2323: 2313: 2309: 2307: 2303: 2299: 2295: 2291: 2287: 2282: 2280: 2276: 2272: 2268: 2264: 2259: 2257: 2253: 2249: 2245: 2241: 2237: 2232: 2230: 2226: 2222: 2218: 2208: 2206: 2202: 2201:Whistleblower 2198: 2194: 2193:Dennis Hejlik 2182: 2178: 2176: 2172: 2168: 2164: 2160: 2156: 2152: 2144: 2140: 2135: 2130: 2120: 2118: 2114: 2110: 2106: 2102: 2098: 2094: 2089: 2086: 2081: 2079: 2075: 2072:simultaneous 2070: 2054: 2052: 2048: 2045: 2036: 2035: 2030: 2024: 2020: 2018: 2014: 2008: 2006: 2002: 1997: 1993: 1986: 1982: 1978: 1975:Marines from 1963: 1960: 1955: 1952: 1948: 1943: 1941: 1937: 1933: 1929: 1925: 1921: 1913: 1909: 1904: 1891: 1886: 1876: 1874: 1868: 1866: 1862: 1858: 1854: 1850: 1845: 1843: 1839: 1834: 1823: 1821: 1817: 1813: 1809: 1804: 1802: 1798: 1794: 1790: 1784: 1781: 1776: 1771: 1766: 1764: 1759: 1755: 1751: 1747: 1742: 1740: 1736: 1729: 1719: 1717: 1713: 1709: 1704: 1702: 1698: 1694: 1690: 1685: 1683: 1679: 1675: 1671: 1667: 1658: 1654: 1650: 1645: 1641: 1639: 1635: 1631: 1627: 1623: 1618: 1616: 1612: 1606: 1603: 1596: 1592: 1589:Marines from 1587: 1580: 1573: 1568: 1558: 1556: 1552: 1547: 1545: 1540: 1536: 1532: 1527: 1524: 1521:On 15 March, 1519: 1517: 1513: 1509: 1505: 1501: 1497: 1493: 1488: 1486: 1482: 1478: 1474: 1470: 1455: 1453: 1449: 1445: 1440: 1435: 1432: 1428: 1424: 1421:, a military 1420: 1412: 1392: 1390: 1386: 1381: 1378:supported by 1377: 1373: 1367: 1362: 1360: 1356: 1352: 1347: 1338: 1334: 1332: 1328: 1322: 1320: 1316: 1311: 1309: 1300: 1295: 1284: 1275: 1273: 1269: 1265: 1260: 1258: 1254: 1249: 1247: 1243: 1239: 1233: 1227: 1221: 1217: 1207: 1205: 1201: 1197: 1193: 1189: 1185: 1181: 1177: 1172: 1170: 1166: 1161: 1157: 1154: 1153:3rd Battalion 1150: 1146: 1145:Scud missiles 1142: 1138: 1134: 1130: 1126: 1120: 1105: 1103: 1099: 1094: 1090: 1085: 1076: 1072: 1070: 1066: 1065:tribal system 1061: 1057: 1053: 1052:Dulaimi Tribe 1049: 1045: 1041: 1036: 1034: 1030: 1029:Syrian Desert 1026: 1022: 1018: 1014: 1010: 1006: 997: 992: 982: 980: 976: 972: 967: 965: 961: 957: 953: 949: 945: 941: 938: 933: 931: 927: 923: 919: 914: 913:anti-American 910: 906: 902: 898: 894: 890: 885: 883: 879: 875: 871: 867: 863: 862:urban warfare 859: 855: 851: 847: 843: 839: 835: 831: 818: 815: 813: 810: 806: 803: 802: 801: 798: 796: 795:Donkey Island 793: 791: 790: 786: 784: 783: 779: 777: 774: 772: 771: 767: 763: 760: 759: 758: 757: 756:Desert Shield 753: 751: 750: 746: 742: 741: 740:Steel Curtain 737: 735: 734: 730: 728: 725: 724: 723: 722: 718: 716: 715: 711: 709: 706: 704: 703: 699: 695: 692: 690: 687: 685: 682: 680: 677: 676: 675: 674: 670: 668: 665: 663: 662: 658: 656: 653: 652: 649: 643: 631: 626: 624: 619: 617: 612: 611: 608: 599: 594: 587:1,702+ killed 586: 581: 572: 561: 556: 555: 550: 544: 541: 537: 532: 521: 515: 510: 509: 504: 498: 495: 493: 490: 488: 484: 481: 479: 475: 472: 469: 463: 460: 458: 455: 452: 450: 446: 443: 441: 438: 436: 432: 429: 427: 423: 420: 418: 414: 411: 409: 405: 402: 400: 396: 393: 390: 389: 382: 378: 373: 369: 366: 363: 357: 354: 352: 349: 347: 343: 340: 338: 334: 331: 329: 326: 325: 318: 317: 302: 299: 297: 294: 292: 289: 287: 286:John F. Kelly 284: 282: 281:Walter Gaskin 279: 277: 274: 272: 269: 267: 264: 262: 259: 257: 254: 253: 246: 245: 244:United States 233: 232: 227: 221: 220:Hamas of Iraq 218: 216: 213: 211: 208: 206: 203: 201: 198: 196: 193: 191: 188: 187: 180: 179: 175: 173: 160: 157: 155: 152: 150: 147: 146: 145: 144: 130: 127: 126: 125: 124: 123:United States 112: 111: 106: 98: 95: 94: 89: 85: 82: 81: 77: 74: 73: 69: 65: 61: 57: 51: 46: 43: 38: 33: 30: 19: 17652:2011 in Iraq 17647:2010 in Iraq 17642:2009 in Iraq 17637:2008 in Iraq 17632:2007 in Iraq 17627:2006 in Iraq 17622:2005 in Iraq 17617:2004 in Iraq 17612:2003 in Iraq 17581: / 17572: / 17563: / 17513: 17281: 17234: 17206: 17194: 17177: 17150: 17118: 17111: 17104: 17095: 17090:Axis of evil 17088: 16930: 16924: 16861: 16789: 16743:Plame affair 16671:Human rights 16592: 16591: 16573: 16566: 16559: 16486:Karbala 2011 16400:Baqubah 2010 16324:Taza bombing 16248:Karbala 2008 15974:Baqubah 2004 15962:30 September 15957:14 September 15883:and bombings 15664:Killings and 15548: 15508:Shurta Nasir 15493:Haifa Street 15467:Al Rumaythah 15328: 15291:Debecka Pass 15150:Tiger Hammer 15140:Sledgehammer 15090:Imposing Law 15024:River Falcon 14983:Squeeze Play 14943:Able Warrior 14902:Phantom Fury 14829:Ivy Blizzard 14824:Iron Justice 14757:Battles and 14716:Popular Army 14436:Participants 14407:Ratification 14402:Constitution 14309:CPA Order 17 14171: / 14143: 14065: 13979: / 13915:Ricin claims 13780:No-fly zones 13723: / 13602: 13585: 13570: 13561: 13547: 13538:HanWay Films 13531: 13510: 13483: 13459: 13436: 13425:the original 13404: 13400: 13385: 13364: 13349:the original 13340: 13318: 13294: 13257: 13232:the original 13223: 13197:the original 13188: 13168: 13157:the original 13152: 13125: 13105:. Pantheon. 13102: 13074: 13056:the original 13047: 13033: 13000: 12990: 12966: 12958:Baker, James 12936:. Retrieved 12932:the original 12927: 12918: 12906:. Retrieved 12902: 12892: 12880:. Retrieved 12876: 12851: 12839: 12827: 12815:. Retrieved 12811: 12801: 12789:. Retrieved 12785: 12775: 12763:. Retrieved 12759: 12749: 12737: 12725:. Retrieved 12721:the original 12717:Taipei Times 12716: 12707: 12695: 12690:, p. 49 12683: 12671:. Retrieved 12666: 12656: 12644: 12632: 12620:. Retrieved 12616: 12606: 12594: 12582: 12570:. Retrieved 12566: 12539: 12527:. Retrieved 12523: 12513: 12504: 12494: 12482:. Retrieved 12478:the original 12468: 12456:. Retrieved 12453:The Guardian 12452: 12442: 12430:. Retrieved 12427:The Guardian 12426: 12416: 12404:. Retrieved 12400: 12390: 12378:. Retrieved 12369: 12357: 12345:. Retrieved 12341: 12331: 12319:. Retrieved 12315: 12305: 12293:. Retrieved 12286:the original 12281: 12268: 12256:. Retrieved 12251: 12242: 12230:. 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The 2009: 1992:urban combat 1989: 1956: 1944: 1917: 1889: 1869: 1861:Jack Hensley 1846: 1842:donate blood 1833:Derek Harvey 1829: 1805: 1785: 1775:Scout Sniper 1767: 1758:Jason Dunham 1743: 1731: 1705: 1686: 1662: 1619: 1607: 1599: 1571: 1548: 1528: 1520: 1489: 1466: 1439:James Mattis 1427:SA-7 missile 1416: 1369: 1364: 1343: 1323: 1312: 1304: 1282: 1261: 1250: 1235: 1229: 1225: 1176:Ba'ath Party 1173: 1129:the Pentagon 1122: 1081: 1037: 1009:Saudi Arabia 1002: 968: 934: 886: 866:U.S. Marines 829: 827: 788: 781: 776:Ramadan 2006 769: 755: 747: 739: 733:Quick Strike 732: 720: 713: 702:2nd Fallujah 701: 684:1st Fallujah 672: 667:Ramadan 2003 660: 639: 596: 589:405+ wounded 564:1,335 killed 511: 422:Khalid Mahal 379: 306: 234: 176: 154:Iraqi Police 133: 113: 108:Belligerents 40:Part of the 29: 17494:Patriot Act 17208:"Yo, Blair" 17082:Terminology 17045:(2014–2021) 17031:War in Iraq 16863:Khuy Voyne! 16536:Prosecution 16528:(2004–2011) 16329:Kirkuk 2009 16202:Kirkuk 2007 16115:18 February 16110:12 February 15903:Canal Hotel 15837:(2003–2011) 15533:Karbala III 15391:Fallujah II 15381:CIMIC House 15286:Karbala Gap 15256:Haditha Dam 15130:Purple Haze 15105:Marne Torch 15075:Black Eagle 14963:Iron Hammer 14882:Baton Rouge 14819:Iron Hammer 14494:South Korea 14365:governments 14363:Replacement 14304:CPA Order 2 14281:(2003–2011) 13888:"Curveball" 13654:(2003–2011) 13507:IntelCenter 12817:10 December 12765:10 December 12673:10 December 12622:10 December 12529:19 December 12484:10 December 12458:10 December 12432:10 December 12406:28 November 12380:13 December 12347:13 December 12321:13 December 12232:13 December 12181:13 December 12119:15 December 12093:14 December 12037:11 December 11997:11 December 11972:11 December 11943:11 December 11917:15 December 11891:15 December 11865:28 November 11839:11 December 11813:28 November 11786:11 December 11760:11 December 11731:11 December 11638:11 December 11533:19 November 11455:11 December 11339:12 December 11313:11 December 11273:11 December 11251:11 December 11225:11 December 11198:11 December 11108:21 December 11082:21 December 11015:11 December 10979:11 December 10953:11 December 10920:11 December 10889:20 December 10855:10 December 10833:24 November 10808:24 November 10702:12 February 10647:24 November 10483:11 February 10431:12 December 10405:12 December 10375:12 December 10349:12 December 10297:12 December 10270:12 December 10170:12 December 10144:12 December 10118:12 December 10040:20 November 10014:23 November 9988:23 November 9959:23 November 9876:23 December 9826:20 November 9796:20 November 9770:20 November 9732:20 November 9679:28 November 9658:, p. 5 9656:Devlin 2006 9631:, p. 1 9629:Devlin 2006 9568:28 November 9395:Proceedings 9350:26 December 9168:25 December 9137:19 December 9082:19 December 9039:19 December 9001:19 December 8939:12 December 8878:12 December 8852:12 December 8826:12 December 8800:12 December 8769:12 December 8743:12 December 8700:12 December 8671:14 December 8642:11 February 8613:12 December 8587:12 December 8566:, p. 4 8549:12 December 8513:21 February 8487:21 February 8457:21 February 8431:21 February 8307:21 February 8276:15 December 8247:10 February 8221:15 December 8195:15 December 8131:15 December 8105:15 December 8076:14 December 8050:11 February 8021:14 December 7995:10 February 7955:10 February 7926:15 December 7885:12 February 7856:12 February 7830:12 February 7775:11 February 7735:12 February 7518:12 December 7452:12 December 7426:12 December 7376:11 December 7337:15 December 7306:11 December 7300:Proceedings 7276:11 December 7245:24 November 7211:11 December 7185:11 December 7159:11 December 7133:24 November 7034:24 November 6914:11 December 6840:11 December 6811:11 December 6781:11 December 6746:11 December 6688:11 December 6662:11 December 6632:11 December 6594:11 December 6543:Shadid 2005 6470:10 December 6443:10 December 6421:10 December 6395:31 December 6318:10 December 6275:10 December 6253:24 December 6231:15 December 6183:10 December 6140:10 December 6114:10 December 6038:11 December 6000:10 December 5865:31 December 5804:10 December 5677:10 December 5591:10 December 5507:10 December 5423:11 December 5352:11 December 5303:24 November 5265:10 December 5223:10 December 5201:23 November 5074:23 November 5029:28 November 4970:10 December 4940:19 November 4769:10 December 4730:10 December 4701:10 December 4674:10 December 4648:10 December 4623:10 December 4592:10 December 4465:10 December 4461:. 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