129:
120:
than truth-tellers. According to
Granhag & Strömwall, there are three approaches to non-verbal deceptive behavior. The first is the emotional approach, which suggests that liars will alter their behaviors based on their own emotional feelings. For example, if a subject is lying and they begin to experience guilt, they will shift their gaze. The second approach is the cognitive approach, which suggests that lying requires more thought than telling the truth, which in turn, may result in a liar making more errors in speech. Lastly, the attempted control approach suggests a subject who is lying will attempt to be seemingly normal or honest, and will try to adjust their behaviors to make themselves believable.
485:
only includes the final statement of the suspect. "Taped interrogation" is the traditional term for this process; however, as analog is becoming less and less common, statutes and scholars are referring to the process as "electronically recording" interviews or interrogations. Alaska, Illinois, Maine, Minnesota, and
Wisconsin are the only states to require taped interrogation. New Jersey's taping requirement started on January 1, 2006. Massachusetts allows jury instructions that state that the courts prefer taped interrogations. Neil Nelson of the St. Paul Police Department, an expert in taped interrogation, has described taped interrogation in Minnesota as the "best tool ever forced down our throats".
382:
38:
203:
464:
330:. In some Asian and South Pacific nations, such as Malaysia and the Philippines, torture for interrogating and terrorizing opponents became widespread. "In its pursuit of torturers across the globe for the past forty years," writer Alfred McCoy notes, "Amnesty International has been, in a certain sense, following the trail of CIA programs."
484:
By the 2000s, a growing movement calls for the mandatory electronic recording of all custodial interrogations in the United States. "Electronic recording" describes the process of recording interrogations from start to finish. This is in contrast to a "taped" or "recorded confession," which typically
277:
in interrogations extends over more than 2,000 years in Europe. It was recognized early on that information extracted under duress was deceptive and untrustworthy. The Roman imperial jurist Ulpian in the third century AD remarked that there is "no means of obtaining the truth" from those who have the
281:
The use of torture as an investigative technique waned with the rise of
Christianity since it was considered "antithetical to Christ's teachings," and in 866 Pope Nicholas I banned the practice. But after the 13th century many European states such as Germany, France, Portugal, Italy, and Spain began
434:
is widely used by U. S. law enforcement officers for interrogation purposes. It involves steps to obtaining a confession and methods for detecting signs of deception in the suspect's body language. The technique has been criticized for being difficult to apply across cultures and as eliciting false
119:
The major aim of this technique is to investigate to what extent verbal and non-verbal features of liars' and truth-tellers' behaviour change during the course of repeated interrogations. It has shown that liars display significantly fewer smiles, self-manipulations, pauses, and less gaze aversion
110:
As noted above, traditionally the issue of deception is considered from the perspective of the interrogator engaging in deception towards the individual being interrogated. By the 2000s, information began appearing in research studies on effective interview methods used to gather information from
146:
and interrogation, in which a team of two interrogators take apparently opposing approaches to the subject. One adopts a hostile or accusatory demeanor, emphasizing threats of punishment, while the other adopts a more sympathetic demeanor, emphasizing reward, in order to convince the subject to
333:
After the revelation of CIA sponsored torture in the 1970s and the subsequent outcry, the CIA largely stopped its own interrogations under torture. Throughout the 1980s and 1990s, it "outsourced" such interrogation through renditions of prisoners to third world allies, often called
409:
British military personnel were found to have misused a number of techniques during the detention of suspects in
Northern Ireland in the early 1970s. Police deception in interrogation was banned in the UK in 1984 with the passage of the Police and Criminal Evidence Act (PACE).
101:, there is no law or regulation that forbids the interrogator from lying about the strength of their case, from making misleading statements or from implying that the interviewee has already been implicated in the crime by someone else. See case law on trickery and deception (
259:
290:
could plausibly claim that "torture has ceased to exist." Yet in the 20th century authoritarian states such as
Mussolini's Fascist Italy, Hitler's Third Reich, and Lenin's and Stalin's Soviet Union once again resumed the practice, and on a massive scale.
435:
confessions from innocent people. An example is described in the analysis of the Denver police's
January 2000 interrogation of 14-year-old Lorenzo Montoya, which took place during its investigation of the murder of 29-year-old Emily Johnson.
1086:
76:
with the goal of eliciting useful information, particularly information related to suspected crime. Interrogation may involve a diverse array of techniques, ranging from developing a congenial rapport with the subject to
1721:
402:' also impact interrogation techniques and procedures. One of the first attempts by British Courts to guide and set standards for police officers interrogating suspects was the declaration of the '
286:, and for secular investigations. By the 18th century the spreading influence of the Enlightenment led European nations to abandon officially state-sanctioned interrogation by torture. By 1874
1094:
373:
prohibited so-called enhanced interrogation in 2009, and as of March 2012 there is no longer a nation which openly admits to deliberate abuse of prisoners for purposes of interrogation.
171:
The use of drugs in interrogation is both ineffective and illegal. The Body of
Principles for the Protection of All Persons under Any Form of Detention or Imprisonment (adopted by the
1737:
1516:
346:" or "interrogation in depth" to collect intelligence on Al Qaeda, starting in 2002. Ultimately the CIA, the US military, and their contract employees tortured untold thousands at
443:
The Fifth
Amendment, which states that one cannot be made to be "a witness against himself", prohibits law enforcement from forcing suspects to offer self-incriminating evidence.
427:, in which the police seek to obtain material that will aid in convicting a suspect rather than discovering the facts of the case. To this end, a variety of tactics are employed.
322:. The CIA taught its refined techniques of torture through police and military training to American-supported regimes in the Middle East, in Southeast Asia during the bloody
1479:
595:
566:
2419:
2632:
2183:
1729:
942:
694:
1480:"Text of the new Illinois law (SB15) requiring electronic recording of custodial interrogations in murder case (The Illinois Criminal Justice Information Act)"
796:
2429:
359:
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Rights afforded to them by the Fifth
Amendment, such as the right to remain silent and the right to seek counsel. If the police fail to administer the
302:
was a significant influence among world powers regarding torture techniques in its support of anti-Communist regimes. The CIA adopted methods such as
1247:
406:' in 1912 by the judges of the King's Bench Division in England. These rules, although not law, still have weight in the United Kingdom and Canada.
1033:
363:
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1457:
175:
as resolution 43/173 of 9 December 1988) forbids "methods of interrogation which impair the capacity of decision of judgment." Furthermore, the
1487:
1546:
1195:
Mumford, Andrew (March 2012). "Minimum Force Meets
Brutality: Detention, Interrogation and Torture in British Counter-Insurgency Campaigns".
1146:
1741:
1547:"Wisconsin Supreme Court rules that all custodial interrogations of juveniles must be recorded. (In the Interest of Jerrell C.J.) (05-3-25)"
1524:
1294:
Kassin, Saul; Fong, Christina (1999). "'I'm Innocent!': Effects of Training on Judgments of Truth and Deception in the Interrogation room".
2562:
2226:
128:
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and the bipartisan U.S. Senate Armed Services Committee report Whether these interrogations under torture produced useful information is
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1418:
1037:
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536:. Edited by Jon E. Lewis. p.186-Tactics And Techniques, Evasion, Capture And Escape. Robinson Publishing Ltd 1997. ISBN 1-85487-675-9
370:
1492:
342:, American authorities cast aside scruples, legally authorizing some forms of interrogation by torture under euphemisms such as "
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111:
individuals who score in the medium to high range on measures of psychopathology, and who exhibit deception with interrogators.
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2424:
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2020:
773:
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1179:
831:
749:
606:
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2015:
577:
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1023:"Report of the Committee on Armed Services United States Senate Inquiry into the Treatment of Detainees in US Custody"
547:
1916:
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1124:
950:
706:
343:
245:
1517:"GENERAL ORDER: RECORDING OF SUSPECTS IN SERIOUS CRIMES Number: 2-23A & THE PRESERVATION OF NOTES & RECORDS"
1331:"Presupposition as investigator certainty in a police interrogation: The case of Lorenzo Montoya's false confession"
2557:
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1951:
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800:
499:
212:
172:
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31:
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rights, all statements under interrogation are prohibited from being used as evidence in court proceedings.
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17:
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strength to resist, while those unable to withstand the pain "will tell any lie rather than suffer it."
1695:
656:"Working Together but in Opposition: An Examination of the "Good-Cop/Bad-Cop" Negotiating Team Tactic"
318:. The CIA also researched 'no-touch' torture, involving sensory deprivation, self-inflicted pain, and
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176:
69:
1657:
2658:
2530:
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57:
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774:"Body of Principles for the Protection of All Persons under Any Form of Detention or Imprisonment"
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1901:
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73:
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2515:
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1067:
216:
2484:
2150:
1419:"REPORT ON THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE REQUIREMENT FOR RECORDATION OF CUSTODIAL INTERROGATIONS"
733:
163:) tactic involves "unrelenting continuous interrogation by multiple rotating interrogators".
65:
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pulling his hair in frustration during a February 2003 interrogation by Canadian officials
8:
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1994:
1968:
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1911:
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448:
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61:
1393:
Candela, Kimberlee (June 24, 2011). "Miranda Rights". In Chambliss, William J. (ed.).
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1999:
1936:
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103:
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A Question of Torture: CIA Interrogation, from the Cold War to the War on Terror
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ruling, police are required to read aloud to suspects under interrogation their
2474:
2294:
1806:
797:"Physician Participation in Interrogation Code of Medical Ethics Opinion 9.7.4"
431:
355:
1307:
984:
Enhanced interrogation has always been a kind of handy euphemism (for torture)
2647:
2392:
2357:
2054:
1956:
1931:
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534:
The Handbook Of The SAS And Elite Forces: How The Professionals Fight And Win
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303:
98:
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37:
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1921:
1906:
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679:
671:
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306:, sleep deprivation, and the use of electric shock, which were used by the
262:
2161:
1116:
972:
183:, for example, both forbid participation by physicians in interrogations.
2289:
2123:
1989:
1835:
1082:
605:. All-about-forensic-psychology.com. pp. 19:2, 50–67. Archived from
287:
283:
143:
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See Commonwealth v. DiGiambattista, 813 N.E.2d 516, 533–34 (Mass. 2004).
2362:
2118:
2098:
2091:
2071:
1978:
730:
The Compelling Ideal: Thought Reform and the Prison in China, 1901-1956
347:
315:
132:
1738:"These 11 Expert Interrogation Tips Will Improve Your Investigations!"
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53:
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223:
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In the United States, police interrogations are conducted under an
399:
398:
Statutory law and regulatory law, various legal precedents called '
295:
625:"Repeated interrogations: Verbal and non-verbal cues to deception"
2047:
504:
307:
274:
192:
78:
548:"Police Deception: The Law and the Skin Trade in the Windy City"
596:"The Last Frontier: Myths & The Female Psychopathic Killer"
351:
97:
can form an important part of effective interrogation. In the
1109:
386:
1748:
1665:
567:"The Arrogant Chameleons: Exposing Fraud Detection Homicide"
1411:
1060:"Report Gives New Detail on Approval of Brutal Techniques"
576:. All-about-psychology.com. pp. 26–33. Archived from
480:
Push for mandatory recording of interrogations in the U.S.
258:
463:
311:
1051:
794:
27:
Interviews by police, military or intelligence personnel
2633:
Counterintelligence and counter-terrorism organizations
1568:
623:
Granhag, Pär Anders; Strömwall, Lief A. (April 2002).
358:
prisons scattered around the globe, according to the
699:
Program on Negotiation Daily Harvard Law School Blog
660:
Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes
973:"Transcript of interview with CIA director Panetta"
845:
843:
360:
Senate Intelligence Committee report on CIA torture
1509:
1370:Speaking of crime the language of criminal justice
815:
594:Perri, Frank S.; Lichtenwald, Terrance G. (2010).
565:Perri, Frank S.; Lichtenwald, Terrance G. (2008).
314:, and North Koreans from their involvement in the
2645:
1650:
1147:"Holder Tells Senators Waterboarding Is Torture"
1034:United States Senate Committee on Armed Services
840:
622:
593:
564:
1368:Solan, Lawrence; Tiersma, Peter Meijes (2005).
1237:
1740:. MaestroVision. 6 August 2020. Archived from
1488:Northwestern University Pritzker School of Law
1172:Criminal Investigation: In Search of the Truth
653:
2177:
1764:
1605:
654:Brodt, Susan; Tuchinsky, Marla (March 2000).
438:
114:
1367:
1087:"Facing up to what we did in interrogations"
695:"The Good Cop, Bad Cop Negotiation Strategy"
692:
2191:
2184:
2170:
1771:
1757:
1293:
545:
282:to return to physical abuse for religious
226:. Please do not remove this message until
41:A police interrogation room in Switzerland
1273:. Harvard University Press. p. 119.
1271:Police Interrogation and American Justice
1169:
246:Learn how and when to remove this message
150:
1458:"Electronic Recording of Interrogations"
1372:. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
1057:
940:
462:
380:
371:administration of President Barack Obama
257:
222:Relevant discussion may be found on the
127:
36:
2598:Scientific & Technical intelligence
1452:
1450:
1392:
1194:
1174:. Canada: Pearson Canada. p. 110.
418:
14:
2646:
2021:Chinese espionage in the United States
1685:
1575:Poritz, Deborah T. (14 October 2005).
1574:
1328:
1240:"How the UK Police Interview Suspects"
326:, and throughout Latin America during
166:
2165:
1752:
1238:Griffiths, Andy (December 21, 2012).
1144:
1127:from the original on 22 February 2022
1009:
996:
928:
915:
902:
889:
876:
863:
850:
813:
727:
2420:By alliances, nations and industries
2016:Chinese intelligence activity abroad
1447:
1081:
1012:, pp. 108, 117, 120–23, 143–44)
742:10.12987/yale/9780300185942.001.0001
196:
2082:Interpersonal (HUMINT) intelligence
1686:Wagner, Dennis (December 6, 2005).
1613:"RULE 3:17. Electronic Recordation"
1551:Texas Juvenile Probation Commission
1268:
921:
882:
510:FM 34-52 Intelligence Interrogation
123:
24:
1523:. 11 February 2005. Archived from
1521:Maine Chiefs of Police Association
1058:Knowlton, Brian (April 21, 2009).
1036:. 20 November 2008. Archived from
546:Obenberger, J. D. (October 1998).
142:is a psychological tactic used in
25:
2670:
1917:Computer and network surveillance
1714:
1622:. 14 October 2005. Archived from
1250:from the original on May 13, 2023
941:Froomkin, Dan (7 November 2005).
780:. 9 December 1988. Archived from
393:
344:enhanced interrogation techniques
1952:Short-range agent communications
1728:. April 14, 2007. Archived from
1722:"The Man in the Snow White Cell"
822:. Henry Holt & Co. pp.
693:Shonk, Katie (January 7, 2020).
413:
273:The history of the state use of
201:
2568:Words of estimative probability
2430:Operational platforms by nation
1679:
1641:
1539:
1472:
1386:
1361:
1329:Gaines, Philip (July 1, 2018).
1322:
1287:
1262:
1231:
1188:
1163:
1138:
1075:
1015:
1002:
989:
965:
943:"Cheney's Dark Side is Showing"
934:
908:
895:
869:
856:
807:
788:
500:Interrogation of Saddam Hussein
1658:"Neil Nelson & Associates"
1462:Center for Policy Alternatives
1117:"Obama: U.S. will not torture"
795:American Medical Association.
766:
721:
686:
647:
616:
587:
558:
539:
527:
32:Interrogation (disambiguation)
13:
1:
1778:
1428:. 30 May 2007. Archived from
1269:Leo, Richard A. (June 2009).
520:
376:
84:
1662:Neil Nelson & Associates
1209:10.1080/15027570.2012.674240
629:Applied Cognitive Psychology
338:. But in the furor over the
269:by government troops in 1798
181:American Medical Association
89:
7:
2616:Intelligence cycle security
1726:Central Intelligence Agency
1688:"FBI's policy drawing fire"
1145:Stout, David (2009-01-15).
515:Resistance to interrogation
488:
300:Central Intelligence Agency
228:conditions to do so are met
10:
2675:
1397:. SAGE Publications, Inc.
1197:Journal of Military Ethics
1072:(report linked to article)
439:Constitutional protections
190:
186:
157:People's Republic of China
115:Verbal and non-verbal cues
70:organized crime syndicates
29:
2606:
2548:
2508:
2453:
2410:
2275:
2237:
2217:
2208:
2199:
2008:
1977:
1887:
1864:
1786:
728:Kiely, Jan (2014-05-27).
389:police interrogation room
177:World Medical Association
1395:Courts, Law, and Justice
1347:10.1177/0957926518754417
1170:Van Allen, Bill (2012).
58:law enforcement officers
56:as commonly employed by
2583:Intelligence assessment
2573:All-source intelligence
2193:Intelligence management
1902:Covert listening device
1872:Intelligence assessment
1335:Discourse & Society
1308:10.1023/a:1022330011811
1123:. AP News. 2009-01-09.
74:terrorist organizations
2267:Operational techniques
2222:Special reconnaissance
1296:Law and Human Behavior
975:. NBC News. 2011-05-03
931:, pp. 99, 109–10)
905:, pp. 18, 60–107)
814:McCoy, Alfred (2007).
672:10.1006/obhd.1999.2879
476:
390:
270:
159:, the "wheel battle" (
151:Rotating interrogators
136:
42:
2151:Targeted surveillance
734:Yale University Press
466:
384:
261:
131:
66:intelligence agencies
40:
2588:Medical intelligence
2558:Competing hypotheses
2368:Industrial espionage
2353:Denial and deception
2077:Industrial espionage
1877:competing hypotheses
1692:The Arizona Republic
495:Covert interrogation
473:Mémoires Historiques
419:Police interrogation
340:September 11 attacks
320:psychological stress
30:For other uses, see
2621:Counterintelligence
2536:Technical (TECHINT)
2531:Open-source (OSINT)
2521:Geospatial (GEOINT)
2495:Casualty estimation
1698:on October 16, 2013
1577:"Notice to the Bar"
1527:on 15 November 2005
1085:(1 November 2013).
1040:on 12 November 2021
446:As a result of the
354:, and other secret
215:of this section is
173:UN General Assembly
167:Mind-altering drugs
2593:Military geography
2578:Basic intelligence
2516:Financial (FININT)
2457:signature (MASINT)
2383:One-way voice link
2319:Concealment device
2028:Cold War espionage
1995:Front organization
1969:Surveillance tools
1947:Phone surveillance
1942:One-way voice link
1897:Concealment device
1152:The New York Times
1097:on 12 January 2013
879:, pp. 11, 59)
703:Harvard Law School
477:
449:Miranda v. Arizona
425:adversarial system
391:
271:
137:
62:military personnel
43:
2641:
2640:
2544:
2543:
2435:Direction finding
2425:In modern history
2406:
2405:
2159:
2158:
1813:Agent provocateur
1732:on June 13, 2007.
1620:New Jersey Courts
1584:New Jersey Courts
1244:Innocence Project
1181:978-0-13-800011-0
833:978-0-8050-8248-7
751:978-0-300-18594-2
709:on March 18, 2019
603:Forensic Examiner
574:Forensic Examiner
256:
255:
248:
16:(Redirected from
2666:
2440:Traffic analysis
2412:Signals (SIGINT)
2247:Asset recruiting
2215:
2214:
2206:
2205:
2186:
2179:
2172:
2163:
2162:
1773:
1766:
1759:
1750:
1749:
1745:
1744:on 27 July 2021.
1733:
1708:
1707:
1705:
1703:
1694:. Archived from
1683:
1677:
1676:
1674:
1673:
1668:on 14 March 2009
1664:. Archived from
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1638:
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1603:
1602:
1600:
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1586:. Archived from
1581:
1572:
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1553:. Archived from
1543:
1537:
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1534:
1532:
1513:
1507:
1506:
1504:
1503:
1497:
1491:. Archived from
1484:
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1469:
1464:. Archived from
1454:
1445:
1444:
1442:
1440:
1434:
1423:
1415:
1409:
1408:
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1384:
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1228:
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1186:
1185:
1167:
1161:
1160:
1159:on 23 June 2022.
1155:. Archived from
1142:
1136:
1135:
1133:
1132:
1113:
1107:
1106:
1104:
1102:
1093:. Archived from
1079:
1073:
1071:
1070:on 8 March 2022.
1066:. Archived from
1055:
1049:
1048:
1046:
1045:
1027:
1019:
1013:
1006:
1000:
993:
987:
986:
981:
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962:
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958:
949:. Archived from
938:
932:
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919:
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906:
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893:
886:
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873:
867:
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854:
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837:
821:
811:
805:
804:
799:. Archived from
792:
786:
785:
784:on 5 April 2016.
770:
764:
763:
725:
719:
718:
716:
714:
705:. Archived from
690:
684:
683:
651:
645:
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620:
614:
613:
611:
600:
591:
585:
584:
583:on 12 July 2022.
582:
571:
562:
556:
555:
550:. Archived from
543:
537:
531:
336:torture-by-proxy
328:Operation Condor
251:
244:
240:
237:
231:
205:
204:
197:
140:Good cop/bad cop
124:Good cop/bad cop
21:
2674:
2673:
2669:
2668:
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2665:
2664:
2663:
2659:Law enforcement
2644:
2643:
2642:
2637:
2602:
2540:
2526:Imagery (IMINT)
2504:
2465:Electro-optical
2456:
2455:Measurement and
2449:
2402:
2378:Numbers station
2307:Black operation
2271:
2233:
2195:
2190:
2160:
2155:
2129:Sting operation
2038:Black operation
2004:
2000:Limited hangout
1982:
1973:
1937:Numbers station
1889:
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1782:
1777:
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1629:on 12 June 2022
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1590:
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1468:on 1 June 2006.
1456:
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1435:on 12 July 2022
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1091:Washington Post
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1020:
1016:
1007:
1003:
994:
990:
978:
976:
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953:on 5 March 2016
947:Washington Post
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652:
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641:10.1002/acp.784
621:
617:
612:on 6 July 2022.
609:
598:
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580:
569:
563:
559:
554:on 8 July 2008.
544:
540:
532:
528:
523:
491:
482:
469:torture chamber
441:
421:
416:
396:
379:
324:Phoenix Program
298:, the American
267:United Irishmen
252:
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235:
232:
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206:
202:
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169:
153:
126:
117:
104:Frazier v. Cupp
92:
87:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
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2656:
2654:Interrogations
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2563:Target-centric
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2218:
2212:
2210:Human (HUMINT)
2203:
2197:
2196:
2189:
2188:
2181:
2174:
2166:
2157:
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2153:
2148:
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2012:
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1890:communications
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1807:Agent handling
1803:
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1715:External links
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1508:
1471:
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1341:(4): 399–419.
1321:
1302:(5): 499–516.
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1064:New York Times
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999:, p. 152)
988:
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933:
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855:
839:
832:
806:
803:on 2017-12-25.
787:
778:United Nations
765:
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666:(2): 155–177.
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635:(3): 243–257.
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432:Reid technique
420:
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395:
394:United Kingdom
392:
385:Film set of a
378:
375:
364:hotly disputed
356:CIA black site
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2373:Interrogation
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2087:interrogation
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1957:Steganography
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1578:
1571:
1557:on 2010-08-20
1556:
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1512:
1498:on 2007-09-26
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918:, p. 11)
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892:, p. 59)
891:
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866:, p. 17)
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414:United States
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404:Judges' Rules
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304:waterboarding
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265:of suspected
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236:December 2015
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71:
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63:
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55:
51:
48:(also called
47:
46:Interrogation
39:
33:
19:
2398:Surveillance
2388:Resident spy
2372:
2329:Cryptography
2134:Surveillance
2086:
1922:Cyber spying
1907:Cryptography
1846:Resident spy
1831:Double agent
1811:
1742:the original
1730:the original
1700:. Retrieved
1696:the original
1691:
1681:
1670:. Retrieved
1666:the original
1661:
1652:
1643:
1631:. Retrieved
1624:the original
1619:
1607:
1595:. Retrieved
1588:the original
1583:
1570:
1559:. Retrieved
1555:the original
1550:
1541:
1529:. Retrieved
1525:the original
1520:
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1500:. Retrieved
1493:the original
1486:
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1461:
1437:. Retrieved
1430:the original
1426:NJCourts.gov
1425:
1413:
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1388:
1369:
1363:
1338:
1334:
1324:
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1252:. Retrieved
1233:
1203:(1): 10–25.
1200:
1196:
1190:
1171:
1165:
1157:the original
1150:
1140:
1129:. Retrieved
1120:
1111:
1099:. Retrieved
1095:the original
1090:
1083:Will, George
1077:
1068:the original
1063:
1053:
1042:. Retrieved
1038:the original
1029:
1017:
1004:
991:
983:
977:. Retrieved
967:
955:. Retrieved
951:the original
946:
936:
923:
910:
897:
884:
871:
858:
817:
809:
801:the original
790:
782:the original
777:
768:
760:j.ctt13x1t56
729:
723:
711:. Retrieved
707:the original
698:
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663:
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632:
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618:
607:the original
602:
589:
578:the original
573:
560:
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541:
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467:Inquisition
457:
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429:
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408:
397:
368:
332:
293:
280:
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263:Half-hanging
242:
233:
211:
170:
160:
154:
138:
118:
109:
102:
93:
54:interviewing
49:
45:
44:
18:Interrogator
2470:Geophysical
2252:Cell system
2239:Clandestine
2124:Stay-behind
2033:Recruitment
1990:Canary trap
1888:Devices and
1836:Field agent
1702:October 16,
294:During the
288:Victor Hugo
284:inquisition
147:cooperate.
144:negotiation
50:questioning
2648:Categories
2499:earthquake
2363:False flag
2201:Collection
2119:Sexpionage
2099:COINTELPRO
2092:safe house
2072:False flag
2009:Operations
1983:techniques
1979:Tradecraft
1672:2011-03-04
1561:2010-08-20
1502:2007-09-26
1131:2014-04-23
1101:12 January
1044:2014-04-23
1010:McCoy 2007
997:McCoy 2007
979:2011-08-21
929:McCoy 2007
916:McCoy 2007
903:McCoy 2007
890:McCoy 2007
877:McCoy 2007
864:McCoy 2007
851:McCoy 2007
521:References
377:By country
348:Abu Ghraib
316:Korean War
213:neutrality
161:chelunzhan
133:Omar Khadr
85:Techniques
2490:Materials
2344:Defection
2339:Dead drop
2312:black bag
2277:Espionage
2043:black bag
1927:Dead drop
1856:Spymaster
1780:Espionage
1355:148639209
1225:144565278
1217:1502-7570
224:talk page
95:Deception
90:Deception
2550:Analysis
2348:Turncoat
2295:handling
2109:SHAMROCK
1962:microdot
1865:Analysis
1316:53586929
1248:Archived
1125:Archived
1121:NBC News
1030:NY Times
957:29 March
713:June 10,
680:10706812
489:See also
400:case law
387:Japanese
296:Cold War
217:disputed
2497: (
2475:Nuclear
2445:TEMPEST
2104:MINARET
2048:wetwork
1633:12 July
1597:12 July
1531:12 July
1439:12 July
1254:May 13,
505:Torture
458:Miranda
454:Miranda
308:Gestapo
275:torture
193:Torture
187:Torture
155:In the
79:torture
2334:Cutout
2285:Agents
2139:Global
2065:MASINT
2060:SIGINT
1912:Cutout
1796:Assets
1791:Agents
1401:
1376:
1353:
1314:
1277:
1223:
1215:
1178:
830:
758:
748:
678:
475:(1716)
352:Bagram
72:, and
2509:Other
2480:Radar
2324:Cover
2302:Asset
2290:field
1824:Agent
1819:Cover
1627:(PDF)
1616:(PDF)
1591:(PDF)
1580:(PDF)
1496:(PDF)
1483:(PDF)
1433:(PDF)
1422:(PDF)
1351:S2CID
1312:S2CID
1221:S2CID
1026:(PDF)
824:16–17
756:JSTOR
610:(PDF)
599:(PDF)
581:(PDF)
570:(PDF)
52:) is
2144:Mass
2114:FVEY
1841:Mole
1704:2013
1635:2022
1599:2022
1533:2022
1441:2022
1399:ISBN
1374:ISBN
1275:ISBN
1256:2023
1213:ISSN
1176:ISBN
1103:2013
959:2012
828:ISBN
746:ISBN
715:2021
676:PMID
430:The
369:The
210:The
179:and
1981:and
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