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specific event, incident or issue. It is the tasks of socialists and advanced militants to move the group in a broader programmatic direction. This is not done by putting forth a score of demands all at once. New demands and concepts should be introduced in a logical and relevant manner." A group of member who were uncomfortable with this distancing from
Trotskyist ideology broke away in 1973 and formed the
2113:
within the unions, caucuses for black and women workers, and urging independent political action of the workers organizations. This strategy deemphasized the long term program of socialist revolution, instead focusing on day-to-day issues. As they put it "Rank and file groups usually arise around a
2084:
also joined. With all of these additions it was decided that a national organization should be created, more centralized than the former federation of autonomous clubs. Thus the "International
Socialists" were formed at a convention in September 1969.
2176:
The IS organized regional conferences of the opposition movements within labor unions during the mid-1970s, and in the late 1970s formed the "Labor
Education and Research Project." This "Project" began publication of
2020:
The following year a second ISC was founded in
Berkeley (one on campus, one in town) and another in New York. In September 1967 a conference was held in New York and the clubs were federated under the umbrella
2088:
More changed than just the name. The national office was transferred from New York to
Detroit. The group's periodical, which had moved from New York to Berkeley, was also moved to Detroit and rechristened
2017:. While still basing its ideas on the literature of the ISL, as the new organization grew through the 1960s, the proportion of former members of the ISL declined, until they were a small handful by 1970.
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Of all the
Trotskyist groups that attempted a turn toward industry in the 1970s, the IS was the most successful. They became a force within opposition movements within several unions. These included the
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2169:. Through these activities the IS was able to recruit a number of important rank-and-file leaders, most of whom later left the group during its splits, such as that forming
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2183:, which carried news on rank-and-file reform movements within the unions and began regular conferences and workshops on re-radicalizing the labor movement.
1987:
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2161:, which was organized around the issue of alleged misspending of pension funds by union officials. They also were an important element within the
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members who had disagreed with the decision to merge the ISL into the SP-SDF in 1958 and had become uncomfortable with the positions taken by
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1975:
1959:
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2190:, and felt that the IS was becoming a "micro-sect" and it was best to participate in personal, rather than organized political activity.
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Meanwhile, the group lost some of its original members. Hal Draper left the organization in 1971. He claimed that the IS was embracing
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2221:. By 1977 this group had formally constituted itself as the Left Tendency and was then expelled, after which it founded the
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17:
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caucuses in the unions as well as by the stance adopted by the leadership around Geier on the then-current upheaval in
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New York, N.Y. New York
Independent Socialist Club, Vol. 1, no. 1 (January/February 1967)-v. 1, no. 7 (October 1968)
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theory. These members were also disturbed by the abandonment, as they saw it, of IS's traditional policy on building
2053:
1825:
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Berkeley, Calif. : Independent
Socialist Club, 1967 (Independent socialist clipping-books Xerocopy series #X-2)
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Around the same time another tendency came into opposition to IS's leadership and split to form a new group called
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Hal Draper
Berkeley ed., Calif. : Independent Socialist Press, 1968 (Independent socialist clipping-books #5)
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by Hal Draper
Berkeley, Calif. : Independent Socialist Club, 1967 (Independent socialist clipping-books #3)
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by Hal Draper Berkeley, Calif. : Independent Socialist Club, 1964 (Independent socialist clipping-books #2)
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2056:. When the SDS imploded in 1969 many of its members joined the Independent Socialists, including the
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Berkeley, Ca. : Independent Socialist Clubs of America, No. 8 (March 1969)-no. 20 (June 1970)
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Socialism from below in the United States:The Origins of the International Socialist Organization
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Socialism from below in the United States:The Origins of the International Socialist Organization
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Socialism from below in the United States:The Origins of the International Socialist Organization
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sort of revolutionary socialist organization was required and merged with Workers Power and
2093:. National Secretary Joel Geier noted that while they had formerly been oriented toward the
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Joel Geier, "Socialism from Below: Hal Draper's Contribution to Revolutionary Marxism,"
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by Hal Draper Berkeley, Calif. : Independent Socialist Club, 1966 (ISC pamphlet #3)
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Zionism, Israel, & the Arabs; the historical background of the Middle East tragedy
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2013:. The new group wished to revive the tendency represented by the ISL and the
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where they led a successful court fight against the expulsion of IS member
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Karl Marx & Friedrich Engels: articles in the New American cyclopaedia
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Berkeley, Calif. : Independent Socialist Club, 1966 (ISC pamphlet #4)
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Berkeley, Calif. : Independent Socialist Club, 1965 (ISC pamphlet #2)
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Berkeley, Calif. : Independent Socialist Club, 1964 (ISC pamphlet #1)
2052:". The movement recruited many members from its work in the PFP and among
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by Michael Shute Berkeley, Calif. : Independent Socialist Club, 1966
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Alexander, Robert "Schisms and unifications in the American Old Left",
2343:
Alexander, Robert "Schisms and unifications in the American Old Left",
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by Hal Draper Berkeley, Calif. : Independent Socialist Club, 1966
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by Hal Draper Berkeley, Calif. : Independent Socialist Club, 1964
2315:
Alexander, Robert "Schisms and unifications in the American Old Left"
2274:
Alexander, Robert "Schisms and unifications in the American Old Left"
2597:
International Socialist Review, no. 107 (Winter 2017-18), pp. 87-108.
2497:
2423:
International Trotskyism: A Documented Analysis of the World Movement
2410:
International Trotskyism: A Documented Analysis of the World Movement
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International Trotskyism: A Documented Analysis of the World Movement
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International Trotskyism: A Documented Analysis of the World Movement
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International Trotskyism: A Documented Analysis of the World Movement
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International Trotskyism: A Documented Analysis of the World Movement
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Third camp; the independent socialist view of war and peace policy
2165:
later in the decade. These efforts helped lead to the creation of
2109:. They developed a three pronged strategy that included building
2081:
1991:
1810:
312:
2033:
had begun in early 1967 and became the organ of the new group.
1820:
1875:
344:
2494:
Toward the working class; a position paper for the New Left
1954:
The roots of the IS went back to the fall of 1964 when the
2620:
2518:
A new era of labor revolt: on the job vs. official unions
2556:
Berkeley, Calif. : Independent Socialist Club, 1967
2544:
Berkeley, Calif. : Independent Socialist Club, 1966
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Berkeley, Calif. : Independent Socialist Club, 1966
2484:
Berkeley, Calif. : Independent Socialist Club, 1966
2452:
Berkeley, Calif. : Independent Socialist Club, 1964
2623:
Published by International Socialist Organization (ISO)
2648:
Defunct Trotskyist organizations in the United States
2629:
Published by the International Socialists (U.S), 1975
2232:. By the early 1980s the IS had decided that a more
2060:, and significant parts of the SDS chapters at the
2605:Highland Park, MI: Network Publishing Group, 1974.
2462:Independent socialism, a perspective for the left
2306:, Durham, Duke University Press, 1991, pp. 899–900
2386:, Durham, Duke University Press 1991 pp. 901, 903
2373:, Durham, Duke University Press, 1991, pp.899-900
2118:in 1973, taking about a third of the membership.
2634:
2412:, Durham, Duke University Press 1991 pp.902, 910
2153:However they were most successful within the
1912:
381:
1960:Socialist Party-Social Democratic Federation
2590:"Socialism From Below: Origins of the ISO,"
2534:In defense of black power; a position paper
2425:, Durham, Duke University Press 1991, p.902
2399:, Durham, Duke University Press 1991, p.901
2144:International Longshore and Warehouse Union
2130:, the opposition to the leadership of the
1919:
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1417:World Socialist Party of the United States
388:
374:
1485:Democratic Socialist Organizing Committee
550:Communist Party USA and African Americans
2658:Political parties disestablished in 1986
2193:IS had long had informal links with the
2138:as president, the opposition within the
2134:which eventually led to the election of
2512:Independent socialism and war; articles
2105:movements, they would now focus on the
1966:left with sixteen members to found the
1703:A People's History of the United States
2635:
2023:Independent Socialist Clubs of America
1515:International Workingmen's Association
1287:Green Mountain Peace and Justice Party
2643:Political parties established in 1964
2548:The fight for independence in Vietnam
1978:. At first it consisted mainly of ex-
2223:International Socialist Organization
1510:International Socialist Organization
18:International Socialist Organization
2450:Book burning and censorship at U.C.
1277:Freedom Road Socialist Organization
273:Left Worker-communist Party of Iraq
13:
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2560:The first Israel-Arab war, 1948-49
1625:Workers Party of the United States
1595:Social Democratic Party of America
1342:Revolutionary Communist Party, USA
1317:Party for Socialism and Liberation
14:
2669:
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2054:Students for a Democratic Society
2044:and help initiate the California
1610:Students for a Democratic Society
1445:American Union of Associationists
1429:Inactive or defunct organizations
88:Students for a Democratic Society
2167:Teamsters for a Democratic Union
2128:Communication Workers of America
1998:, and an orientation toward the
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1600:Socialist Labor Party of America
1535:Maoist Internationalist Movement
1525:Labor Party of the United States
1292:Green Party of the United States
1267:Democratic Socialists of America
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2163:Teamsters for a Decent Contract
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1964:Young People's Socialist League
1480:Democratic Socialist Federation
1312:New Afrikan Black Panther Party
1297:Industrial Workers of the World
91:Revolutionary Workers Committee
2621:International Socialist Review
2603:"Detroit Auto Uprising: 1973,"
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2159:Teamsters Rank and File Caucus
2157:. Here they worked within the
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2058:Revolutionary Socialist Caucus
1668:International Socialist Review
1575:Revolutionary Socialist League
285:Worker-communist Party of Iran
85:Revolutionary Socialist Caucus
1:
2042:Berkeley Free Speech Movement
1252:Black Riders Liberation Party
491:1877 St. Louis general strike
263:Alliance for Workers' Liberty
2444:I.S.: independent socialist.
2247:
2036:The group worked within the
2000:established union leadership
1980:Independent Socialist League
1590:Social Democratic Federation
1580:Revolutionary Youth Movement
1570:Proletarian Party of America
1500:Independent Socialist League
1470:Communist League of Struggle
1357:South Carolina Workers Party
496:1912 Lawrence textile strike
110:Independent Socialist League
7:
2616:Hal Draper Internet Archive
2554:Defend the ghetto uprisings
2528:The case for a new politics
2360:, vol. 14, Fall 1973, p.545
2347:, vol. 14, Fall 1973, p.546
2319:, vol. 14, Fall 1973, p.545
1630:Young Patriots Organization
1585:Social Democracy of America
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1377:Socialist Rifle Association
1257:Black Socialists in America
10:
2674:
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2488:The Two Souls of Socialism
2334:Hera Press, Cleveland 1977
2293:Hera Press, Cleveland 1977
2265:Hera Press, Cleveland 1977
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533:Repression and persecution
100:Socialist Party of America
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15:
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2126:within Local 1101 in the
1272:Freedom Party of New York
666:1999 Seattle WTO protests
187:Bureaucratic collectivism
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125:
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49:
37:
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540:American Defense Society
501:Catholic Worker Movement
403:This article is part of
268:International Socialists
31:International Socialists
16:Not to be confused with
2627:Class Struggle Unionism
2278:vol. 14 Fall 1973 p.545
2140:National Maritime Union
2046:Peace and Freedom Party
1990:within the party, i.e.
1776:Individualist anarchism
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149:Political position
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559:labor movement
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2358:Labor History
2353:
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2345:Labor History
2340:
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2328:Fisk, Milton
2325:
2318:
2317:Labor History
2312:
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2287:Fisk, Milton
2284:
2277:
2276:Labor History
2271:
2264:
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2259:Fisk, Milton
2256:
2252:
2245:
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2239:
2235:
2231:
2230:Workers Power
2226:
2224:
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2216:
2215:rank and file
2212:
2208:
2204:
2200:
2196:
2191:
2189:
2188:dual unionism
2184:
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2171:Workers Power
2168:
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2142:, and in the
2141:
2137:
2136:Arnold Miller
2133:
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2050:Workers party
2047:
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2028:
2024:
2018:
2016:
2012:
2008:
2005:
2001:
1997:
1993:
1989:
1985:
1984:Max Shachtman
1981:
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1947:
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1944:United States
1942:group in the
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1560:Patriot Party
1558:
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1520:Justice Party
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1054:Ocasio-Cortez
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2437:
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2383:
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2316:
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2275:
2270:
2261:
2255:
2227:
2192:
2185:
2178:
2175:
2152:
2120:
2090:
2087:
2035:
2030:
2026:
2022:
2019:
1967:
1953:
1932:
1930:
1826:Minimum wage
1796:Labor unions
1658:Daily Worker
1504:
804:Davis (Mike)
660:Contemporary
659:
658:
619:civil rights
613:
612:
531:
530:
482:
481:
464:
437:
279:New Politics
277:
267:
129:
2180:Labor Notes
1530:Labor Party
591:McCarthyism
472:New Harmony
2637:Categories
2564:Al Findley
2242:Solidarity
2205:states as
2199:Tony Cliff
2015:third camp
1976:Joel Geier
1972:Hal Draper
1940:Trotskyist
1937:Third Camp
1856:Trotskyism
1791:Labor laws
1678:The Jungle
1540:Red Guards
1387:Solidarity
1124:Ruthenberg
1019:McReynolds
919:Harrington
844:Ehrenreich
784:Carmichael
632:COINTELPRO
450:Brook Farm
318:Trotskyism
220:Harrington
173:Third camp
164:Part of a
120:Solidarity
44:Hal Draper
2522:Stan Weir
2506:Mike Flug
2498:Kim Moody
2248:Footnotes
2244:in 1986.
2234:pluralist
2203:Stalinist
2155:Teamsters
2148:Stan Weir
1994:into the
1851:Socialism
1831:Mutualism
1780:in the US
1745:in the US
1741:Anarchism
1550:New Party
1169:Shachtman
1004:Lovestone
621:movements
601:Smith Act
569:1937–1957
564:1919–1937
460:Jonestown
414:Socialism
245:Shachtman
126:Newspaper
65:Dissolved
2538:Sy Landy
2478:MacBird!
2240:to form
2219:Portugal
2099:anti-war
1986:and the
1956:Berkeley
1718:ZNetwork
1134:Sandburg
1114:Roediger
1089:Randolph
1039:Mitchell
964:Hillquit
859:Feinberg
794:Cockburn
744:Brisbane
739:Bookchin
714:Balagoon
649:New Left
615:Anti-war
455:Icarians
405:a series
308:Leninism
235:Matgamna
230:Jacobson
181:Concepts
154:Far-left
137:Ideology
2095:student
2082:Detroit
2074:Madison
2004:liberal
1970:led by
1950:History
1811:Marxism
1673:Jacobin
1663:Dissent
1224:Zeidler
1189:Tankian
1139:Sanders
1064:Parenti
1029:Morello
994:Labadie
979:Jameson
974:Hoffman
939:Hawkins
914:Hampton
909:Hammett
899:Guthrie
889:Graeber
884:Goldman
879:Gilmore
854:Fearing
839:Du Bois
834:Dreiser
829:De Leon
789:Chomsky
754:Browder
734:Berkman
704:Andrews
557:in the
521:May Day
434:History
313:Marxism
240:Namazie
70: (
55: (
50:Founded
2101:, and
2076:. The
2072:, and
2040:, the
1821:Maoism
1229:Zerzan
1204:Turner
1194:Thomas
1184:Sweezy
1174:Shakur
1164:Seidel
1159:Seeger
1149:Sawant
1119:Rustin
1109:Rocker
1094:Ripley
1044:Newton
999:London
984:Keller
944:Hedges
894:Greene
874:Gitlow
869:Foster
824:Dennis
779:Cantor
774:Cannon
764:Butler
749:Brooks
729:Berger
709:Avrich
699:Alston
688:People
257:Groups
215:Draper
210:Carter
39:Leader
2592:1977.
2432:Works
1992:entry
1642:Works
1392:Spark
1214:Wolff
1199:Tlaib
1179:Stone
1154:Seale
1144:Sakai
1129:Sacco
1104:Rocha
1084:Piven
1079:Piker
1049:Noyes
1024:Moore
1014:Marcy
849:Ervin
769:Cabet
694:Abern
2540:and
2504:and
2070:CCNY
2038:CORE
2031:I.S.
2002:and
1974:and
1962:and
1931:The
1234:Zinn
1219:Wood
1209:West
1099:Reed
1059:Ochs
1034:Most
989:King
969:Hoan
959:Hill
904:Hall
864:Ford
819:Debs
809:Dean
759:Bush
617:and
225:Howe
72:1986
68:1986
57:1964
53:1964
2536:by
2520:by
2480:by
2080:at
2029:or
1009:Lum
924:Hay
814:Day
2639::
2500:,
2225:.
2173:.
2150:.
2097:,
2068:,
2064:,
1946:.
407:on
1920:e
1913:t
1906:v
1782:)
1778:(
1747:)
1743:(
640:"
636:"
389:e
382:t
375:v
74:)
59:)
20:.
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