316:
80:
373:
have interdigital webbing, in the fore or hind limbs or both, to aid in aquatic propulsion. In sea otters, the webbing is covered with hair, at a density of 3300 hairs per square centimeter.
143:
have more expansive webbing, which extends beyond the proximal phalanges. Webbing apparently developed several times in oryzomyines and may also have been lost in some groups. Most
615:
Harding, Larisa E.; Smith, Felisa A. (2009). "Mustela or Vison? Evidence for the taxonomic status of the
American mink and a distinct biogeographic radiation of American weasels".
694:
Orrico, Alfredo; Galli, Lucia; Cavaliere, Maria Luigia; Garavelli, Livia; Fryns, Jean-Pierre; Crushell, Ellen; Rinaldi, Maria
Michela; Medeira, Ana; Sorrentino, Vincenzo (2003).
26:, webbing is present but resorbed later in development, but in various mammal species, it occasionally persists in adulthood. In humans, it can be found in those suffering from
644:
Kerbis
Peterhans, J.C.; Patterson, B.D. (1995). "The Ethiopian water mouse Nilopegamys Osgood, with comments on the evolution of semi-aquatic adaptations in African Muridae".
805:
696:"Phenotypic and molecular characterisation of the Aarskog–Scott syndrome: a survey of the clinical variability in light of FGD1 mutation analysis in 46 patients"
592:. 2009 The role of FGF-8 in the origin of interdigital webbing in cetaceans. Presentation, Society of Integrative and Comparative Biology, Boston, Massachusetts.
585:
Braun, J.K. and DĂaz, M.M. 1999. Key to the native mammals of
Catamarca Province, Argentina. Occasional papers of the Oklahoma Museum of Natural History 4:1–16.
794:
Phylogenetic relationships of oryzomyine rodents (Muroidea: Sigmodontinae): separate and combined analyses of morphological and molecular data
154:
734:
772:
Systematics and ecology of ichthyomyine rodents (Muroidea) : patterns of morphological evolution in a small adaptive radiation
836:
758:
744:
783:
Phylogenetic relationships and classification of didelphid marsupials, an extant radiation of New World metatherian mammals
48:, which is a fusing of digits and occurs rarely in humans. Syndactyly specifically affecting feet occurs in birds (such as
608:
753:
Rumbaugh, D.M. and
Chiarelli, A.B. 1972. Evolution, ecology, behavior, and captive maintenance. S. Karger, 263 pp.
389:, suggest that these animals had interdigital webbing, a development hypothesized to lead to the fluke, spurred by
147:, an exclusively semiaquatic South and Central American rodent group, have small webbing, but members of the genus
678:
31:
84:
394:
856:
603:, ed. The emergence of whales: evolutionary patterns in the origin of Cetacea. Springer, 1998.
596:
232:
111:
8:
828:
682:
657:
832:
754:
740:
717:
632:
604:
320:
280:
241:
686:
665:
Madar, S.I. (2007). "The postcranial skeleton of early Eocene pakicetid cetaceans".
820:
707:
674:
653:
624:
343:
116:
37:
Webbing between the digits of the hindfoot is also present in several mammals that
27:
728:
153:
have more expansive webs. Webbing is also present in the
Australasian semiaquatic
275:
246:
628:
730:
600:
589:
335:
100:
850:
359:
351:
296:
121:
105:
712:
695:
721:
636:
221:
144:
328:
270:
191:
163:
69:
38:
199:, lack interdigital webbing. Webbing is present in the hind feet of the
266:
262:
133:
92:
45:
315:
643:
382:
331:
207:) of South America, which is currently classified in its own family.
175:
169:
139:
127:
57:
793:
782:
764:
771:
304:
196:
185:
158:
149:
824:
767:. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 97:187–430.
501:
Kerbis
Peterhans and Patterson, 1995, p. 342; Voss, 1988, p. 455
227:
180:
96:
79:
23:
693:
386:
370:
216:
200:
390:
115:
all have small webs, which do not extend to the end of the
53:
49:
597:
Biomechanical
Perspective on the Origin of Cetacean Flukes
381:
Pits present on the sides of fossil proximal phalanges of
231:
of western
Eurasia have interdigital webbing, as does the
679:
10.1666/0022-3360(2007)81[176:TPSOEE]2.0.CO;2
22:
refers to the presence of skin membranes. Normally, in
239:) of North America, but it is more well-developed in
16:
Membranes of skin between fingers and toes of animals
803:
269:, includes several semiaquatic forms, and the small
63:
798:Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History
787:Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History
776:Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History
848:
245:of montane Asia. Webbing is also present in the
179:; in the latter, it is most well-developed. The
44:Interdigital webbing is not to be confused with
41:. Webbing accommodates movement in the water.
265:family, which occurs in Africa and mainly on
614:
664:
711:
646:Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society
334:have interdigital webbing, including the
83:An example of interdigital webbing on an
314:
78:
765:The rodents of Australia and New Guinea
323:is leaning weight onto its webbed foot.
287:) have developed interdigital webbing.
849:
492:Tate, 1951, p. 227; Voss, 1988, p. 455
434:
432:
430:
617:Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution
39:spend part of their time in the water
729:Perrin, William F.; WĂĽrsig, Bernd;
579:
441:
427:
13:
700:European Journal of Human Genetics
658:10.1111/j.1096-3642.1995.tb00937.x
459:
450:
412:Rumbaugh and Chiarelli, 1972, p. 6
14:
868:
781:Voss, R.S. and Jansa, S.A. 2009.
64:Mammals with interdigital webbing
804:Yensen, E.; Tarifa, T. (2003).
567:
558:
549:
540:
537:Harding and Smith, 2009, p. 633
531:
522:
513:
504:
495:
303:) of South America is the only
210:
736:Encyclopedia of Marine Mammals
486:
477:
468:
415:
406:
310:
131:and the members of the genera
1:
528:Yensen and Tarifa, 2003, p. 3
400:
219:, the members of the genera
56:), and mammals (such as the
7:
629:10.1016/j.ympev.2009.05.036
519:Voss and Jansa, 2009, p. 86
307:with interdigital webbing.
290:
10:
873:
573:Cooper and Thewissen, 2009
546:Perrin, 2008, pp. 565, 810
510:Braun and DĂaz, 1999, p. 4
256:
95:, a mainly South American
74:
67:
588:Cooper, L.N., and J.G.M.
376:
225:of southeastern Asia and
395:fibroblast growth factor
713:10.1038/sj.ejhg.5201081
667:Journal of Paleontology
52:), amphibians (such as
324:
279:) and the aptly named
195:, also members of the
88:
85:Abah River flying frog
32:Aarskog–Scott syndrome
318:
122:Amphinectomys savamis
106:Pseudoryzomys simplex
82:
465:Weksler, 2006, p. 79
456:Weksler, 2006, p. 25
421:Orrico et al, 2004,
233:American water shrew
192:Nilopegamys plumbeus
183:semiaquatic rodents
112:Sigmodontomys alfari
20:Interdigital webbing
763:Tate, G.H.H. 1951.
733:, J. G. M. (2008).
555:Madar, 2007, p. 195
301:Chironectes minimus
806:"Galictis vittata"
792:Weksler, M. 2006.
739:. Academic Press.
483:Tate, 1951, p. 226
474:Voss, 1988, p. 281
447:Voss, 1988, p. 458
438:Voss, 1988, p. 455
325:
285:Limnogale mergulus
251:Galemys pyrenaicus
117:proximal phalanges
89:
813:Mammalian Species
770:Voss, R.S. 1988.
759:978-3-8055-1362-3
746:978-0-12-373553-9
321:hairy-nosed otter
281:web-footed tenrec
242:Nectogale elegans
864:
843:
841:
835:. Archived from
810:
750:
725:
715:
690:
661:
640:
580:Literature cited
574:
571:
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448:
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413:
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356:Neogale africana
344:Colombian weasel
340:Galictis vittata
205:Myocastor coypus
186:Colomys goslingi
161:) of the genera
128:Lundomys molitor
28:LEOPARD syndrome
872:
871:
867:
866:
865:
863:
862:
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847:
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839:
808:
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595:Fish, Frank E.
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348:Neogale felipei
313:
293:
276:Micropotamogale
259:
247:Pyrenean desman
237:Sorex palustris
213:
77:
72:
66:
17:
12:
11:
5:
870:
860:
859:
857:Mammal anatomy
845:
844:
842:on 2006-08-30.
801:
790:
779:
768:
761:
751:
745:
726:
691:
673:(1): 176–200.
662:
652:(3): 329–349.
641:
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336:greater grison
312:
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212:
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101:marsh rice rat
76:
73:
68:Main article:
65:
62:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
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858:
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723:
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659:
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626:
623:(3): 632–42.
622:
618:
613:
610:
609:9780306458538
606:
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384:
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372:
367:
365:
364:Neogale vison
361:
360:American mink
357:
353:
352:Amazon weasel
349:
345:
341:
337:
333:
330:
322:
317:
308:
306:
302:
298:
297:water opossum
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145:ichthyomyines
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42:
40:
35:
33:
29:
25:
21:
837:the original
816:
812:
797:
786:
778:188:260–493.
775:
735:
706:(1): 16–23.
703:
699:
670:
666:
649:
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385:, ancestral
380:
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355:
347:
339:
326:
300:
294:
284:
274:
271:otter-shrews
260:
250:
240:
236:
226:
222:Chimarrogale
220:
214:
211:Soricomorphs
204:
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184:
174:
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126:
120:
110:
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90:
43:
36:
19:
18:
825:10.1644/727
599:. J. G. M.
564:Fish p. 318
358:), and the
332:carnivorans
329:semiaquatic
311:Carnivorans
164:Baiyankamys
157:(subfamily
155:hydromyines
99:group, the
93:oryzomyines
70:Webbed foot
800:296:1–149.
789:322:1–177.
383:pakicetids
267:Madagascar
134:Holochilus
119:, whereas
46:syndactyly
833:198121748
731:Thewissen
611:. 303-24.
601:Thewissen
590:Thewissen
401:Citations
176:Crossomys
30:and from
851:Category
722:14560308
687:86353851
637:19501660
327:Several
291:Opossums
170:Hydromys
140:Nectomys
58:kangaroo
819:: 1–8.
350:), the
342:), the
305:opossum
257:Tenrecs
197:Murinae
181:African
159:Murinae
150:Rheomys
75:Rodents
24:mammals
831:
757:
743:
720:
685:
635:
607:
423:passim
387:whales
377:Whales
371:otters
263:tenrec
228:Neomys
217:shrews
215:Among
173:, and
109:, and
97:rodent
840:(PDF)
829:S2CID
809:(PDF)
683:S2CID
319:This
201:coypu
54:frogs
50:ducks
755:ISBN
741:ISBN
718:PMID
633:PMID
605:ISBN
393:, a
391:FGF8
369:All
295:The
261:The
189:and
137:and
821:doi
817:727
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675:doi
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625:doi
366:).
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671:81
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