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acceleration of
America's 5G buildout. In early 2022, the company announced contracts for four GEO software defined satellites (SDS), two in partnership with Airbus and two in partnership with Thales Alenia Space, that are scheduled to launch in 2023. These contracts point to the pursuit of a multi-year network transformation plan with investments designed to deliver higher speeds, more flexibility, redundancy, and backwards compatibility.
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percentage of the total contribution needed to finance capital expenditures. The organization's primary source of revenue was satellite usage fees which, after deduction of operating costs, was redistributed to
Intelsat members in proportion to their shares as repayment of capital and compensation for use of capital. Satellite services were available to any organization (both Intelsat members and non-members), and all users paid the same rates.
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346:), with 7 participating countries. The 1964 agreement was an interim arrangement on a path to a more permanent agreement. The permanent international organization was established in 1973, following inter-nation negotiations from 1969 to 1971. The most difficult issue to "resolve concerned the shift from management of the system by a national entity to management by the international organization itself".
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737:, a load of 200 kg (440 lb) of fuel delivered to each satellite would add somewhere between two and four years of additional service life. A near-end-of-life Intelsat satellite will be moved to a graveyard orbit 200 to 300 km (120–190 mi) above the geostationary belt where the refueling will be done, "without consequence" to the Intelsat business.
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arrangements in force from 1964 to 1973". Later phases of the transition resulted in full international governance by 1980. Financial contribution to the organization, its so-called "investment share", was strictly proportional to each member's use of the system, determined annually; and this corresponded to the weighted vote each would have on the Board of
Governors.
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377:, and an Operating Agreement setting forth more detailed financial and technical provisions and signed by the governments or their designated telecommunications entities", — in most cases, the latter are the ministries of communications of the party countries, but in the case of the United States, was the
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According to company statements, the company was hoping to restructure so that it could raise requisite capital to launch new satellite technology in 2022/2023, at a cost of some US$ 1.6 billion. The technology could compress existing licensed C-band spectrum customers into just forty per cent of the
2017:
if the MDA spacecraft performs as planned, Intelsat will be paying a total of some US$ 200 million to MDA. This assumes that four or five satellites are given around 200 kilograms each of fuel. ... The maiden flight of the vehicle would be on an
International Launch Services Proton rocket, industry
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On
February 24, 2022, Intelsat emerged from Chapter 11 as a private company with a strengthened capital structure which reduced debt by more than half, from approximately $ 16 billion to $ 7 billion. The company’s plan of reorganization was supported by all creditors and confirmed by the Bankruptcy
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the refueling vehicle would dock at the target satellite's apogee kick motor, peel off a section of the craft's thermal protection blanket, connect to a fuel-pressure line and deliver the propellant. MDA officials estimate the docking maneuver would take the communications satellite out of service
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As of March 2010, the business model was still evolving. MDA "could ask customers to pay per kilogram of fuel successfully added to satellite, with the per-kilogram price being a function of the additional revenue the operator can expect to generate from the spacecraft's extended operational
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According to then company CEO, Stephen
Spengler, post bankruptcy, the company plans to pursue aggressive network innovation plans, and strategic growth initiatives, including building a software-defined 5G network. The company also announced a new board of directors, led by Lisa Hammitt, executive
698:
announced that an agreement had been reached to acquire
Intelsat for €2.8 billion (US$ 3.1 billion) cash, with the transaction expected to complete regulatory clearance in the second half of 2025. With over 100 GEO satellites, 26 MEO satellites, and 13 satellites on order, the combined company's
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the operator of the world's largest fleet of commercial satellites — Intelsat has 52 in orbit. ... For this first demonstration mission, ... one of our satellites that is at the end of its life and about to be decommissioned ... will be taken out of geostationary orbit without consequence to our
505:
On 18 July 2001, Intelsat became a private company, 37 years after formation. Prior to
Intelsat's privatization in 2001, ownership and investment in Intelsat (measured in shares) was distributed among Intelsat members according to their use of services. Investment shares determined each member's
798:
Over time, Intelsat has worked with most of the commercial launch services providers worldwide. Their satellites are often among the most massive of their generation, requiring the most powerful and reliable rockets on the market at a given time. In the 21st century, most
Intelsat missions were
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In
December 2020, Intelsat completed its acquisition of Gogo’s Commercial Aviation (CA) business. The vertical integration combined Intelsat’s next-generation global telecommunications network with Gogo CA’s customer-facing capabilities offering airlines and passengers an enhanced inflight
402:
The 1973 Agreement called for a seven-year transition from national to international management, but continued until 1976 to carve out "technical and operational management of the system the Communications Satellite Corporation served as the Manager of the global system under the interim
265:
As of June 2022, Intelsat operated a fleet of 52 communications satellites which was then one of the world's largest fleets. In 2020, the company announced plans to procure, build and launch seven C-band satellites over the next several years. These C-band satellites will contribute to the
410:
Since its inception, Intelsat has used several versions (blocks) of its dedicated Intelsat satellites. Intelsat completes each block of spacecraft independently, leading to a variety of satellite manufacturing contractors over the years. Intelsat's largest spacecraft supplier by 2012 was
452:
By the 1990s, building and launching satellites was no longer exclusively a government domain and as country-specific telecommunications systems were privatized, several private satellite operators arose to meet the growing demand. In the U.S., satellite operators such as
372:
In 1973, the name was changed and there were 81 signatories. Intelsat was "governed initially by two international agreements: The Agreement setting forth the basic provisions and principles and structure of the organization, signed by the governments through their
752:, remove a small part of the target spacecraft's thermal protection blanket, connect to a fuel-pressure line and deliver the propellant. "MDA officials estimate the docking maneuver would take the communications satellite out of service for about 20 minutes".
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a Board of Governors, meeting at least four times each year, making decisions on design, development, establishment, operation and maintenance of the in-space assets, appointed by signatories, but weighted to each signatory's "investment share" in the space
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on the New York Stock Exchange, raising a net US$ 550 million, of which US$ 492 million was paid immediately to reduce outstanding company debts of US$ 15.9 billion. In May 2013, the company announced it would be purchasing four new high-performance
406:
As of 2018, Intelsat provides service to over 600 Earth stations in more than 149 countries, territories and dependencies. By 2001, Intelsat had over 100 members. It was also this year that Intelsat privatized and changed its name to Intelsat.
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legislation to represent the U.S. in international governance for the global communication satellite system. Intelsat at that time directly owned and managed a global communications satellite system, and structurally consisted of three parts:
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spectrum used in 2019. The release of spectrum would enable the company to receive up to US$ 4.86 billion in "spectrum clearing payments" from the FCC for clearing the spectrum by December 2023, two years ahead of the FCC baseline plan.
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the Meeting of Signatories – meeting annually and composed of all the signatories to the Operating Agreement—primarily working on financial, technical and program matters, with each countries' signatory having one
623:. A highly international business, Intelsat sources the majority of its revenue from non-U.S. located customers. In addition to its satellite fleet, Intelsat owns and operates eight teleports around the world.
673:
Court on December 16, 2021. In connection with the emergence from bankruptcy, Intelsat also obtained $ 6.7 billion in new financing including a revolving credit facility, term loan, and secured notes.
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providing international broadcast services. In 2001, the international satellite market was fully commercialized, and Intelsat was privatized after 2001 as Intelsat was formed up as a private
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the Assembly of Parties – meeting every two years and concerned with aspects "primarily of interest to the Parties as sovereign States"—with each country having one vote.
516:
and known as Galaxy 27 since on 1 February 2007) experienced a several-day power failure on 29 November 2004. The satellite returned to service with reduced capacity.
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for about 20 minutes. ... The servicing robot would have an in-orbit life of about five years, and would carry enough fuel to perform 10 or 11 satellite-refueling or
1999:
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619:, where a majority of its employees worked at the time. Intelsat maintains constantly staffed global network operations centers in its Tysons Corner location and in
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607:. However, on 1 June 2017, it was announced that the bondholders would not accept the offer and that the potential merger would be terminated as of 2 June 2017.
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officials said. One official said the MDA spacecraft, including its 2000 kilograms of refueling propellant, is likely to weigh around 6000 kilograms at launch.
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announced that an agreement had been reached to acquire Intelsat for USD$ 3.1 billion, with the transaction expected to close in the second half of 2025.
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on 3 July 2006, and was then the world's largest provider of fixed satellite services, operating a fleet of 52 satellites in prime orbital locations.
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confirmed that it was in talks about a merger with Intelsat but in June 2023, it was announced that these discussions had ended. On 30 April 2024,
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The network in its early years was not as robust as it is now. A failure of the Atlantic satellite in the spring of 1969 threatened to stop the
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473:(ACISS) to press for an end to the exclusively-intergovernmental organizations operating communication satellites and the monopoly position of
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used undersea cable telephone circuits as an alternative to route Apollo's communications to NASA during the mission. During the Apollo 11
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As of March 2011, Intelsat has agreed to purchase one-half of the 2,000 kg (4,400 lb) propellant payload that an
652:. The C-Band Alliance was an industry consortium of the major satellite operators. The consortium had been formed to lobby U.S.
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satellite. The MEV 1 spacecraft will provide propulsion capabilities to Intelsat 901 to extend its usable life for five years.
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concerns about market power, Intelsat's senior management spun off five of its older satellites to a private Dutch entity,
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As of 2022, the company served approximately 1,800 customers and employed a staff of approximately 1,790 people.
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Public reporting showed that the company had been considering bankruptcy protection as early as February 2020,
444:, and so other antennas were used, as well as Intelsat III, which was in geostationary orbit over the Pacific.
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The Political Economy of the Space Age: How Science and Technology Shape the Evolution of Human Society
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On 1 February 2007, Intelsat changed the names of 16 of its satellites formerly known under the
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1732:"Inside Intelsat S.A.'s new Tysons Corner headquarters (Video) - Washington Business Journal"
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mission; a replacement satellite went into a bad orbit and could not be recovered in time;
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1135:"Intelsat Orders 2 Software-Defined Satellites from Thales Alenia Space - Via Satellite -"
8:
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660:(FCC) regarding the reassignment and payment for the legacy 5G spectrum of its members.
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992:"Intelsat moves into new Tysons office, part of a wave of tenants wooed by Silver Line"
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Intelsat Reportedly Hires Bankruptcy Firm Kirkland & Ellis, Considering Chapter 11
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business, with the refueling done 200 to 300 kilometers above the geostationary belt.
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Open-market Reorganization for the Betterment of International Telecommunications
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Deregulating Telecommunications: U.S. and Canadian Telecommunications, 1840-1997
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1893:"Intelsat Secures Nearly $ 7B in New Funds as Company Exits Chapter 11 Process"
1845:, Rachel Jewett, Satellite Today, 5 February 2020, accessed 14 May 2020
1672:
1055:"SES to acquire Intelsat in compelling transaction focused on the future | SES"
855:
600:
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Renegotiating the World Order: Institutional Change in International Relations
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After 2014, Intelsat maintained its corporate administrative headquarters in
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SES Explains the Strategy Behind its Long-Anticipated Acquisition of Intelsat
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1455:"On Eagle's Wings: The Parkes Observatory's Support of the Apollo 11 Mission"
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858:, marking the return of Intelsat to American launchers after many flights on
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vehicle would maneuver to several satellites, dock at the target satellite's
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There were negotiations in 2017 that Intelsat could potentially merge with
335:
The International Governmental Organization (IGO) began on (August 20, 1964
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1800:"Intelsat declares bankruptcy as means to fund C-band spectrum clearing"
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1610:"Intelsat Signs New Major Boeing Deal, Releases First Quarter Results"
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On 25 February 2020, a Northrop Grumman robotic servicing spacecraft,
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satellite networks, and has an expected 2024 revenue of €3.8 billion.
677:
vice president and chief technology officer at Davidson Technologies.
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1109:"Intelsat taps Maxar for fifth C-band satellite, capping order spree"
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1624:"Satellite Operator Intelsat Files for Chapter 11 Bankruptcy - SWFI"
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1945:"Intelsat buys Gogo commercial aviation business for $ 400 million"
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announced they had acquired 76% of Intelsat for about 3.75 billion
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multi-orbit capability will improve competitiveness against rival
72:
providing international telecommunications and broadcast services.
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1857:"Intelsat to FCC: C-Band Alliance is dead, we deserve more money"
1668:"SoftBank's Satellite Merger Disintegrates as Debt Deal Rejected"
1555:"Telstar 5, 6, 7 → Intelsat Americas 5, 6, 7 → Galaxy 25, 26, 27"
1404:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
1204:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
863:
667:
547:
126:
Tysons Tower, from where Intelsat's satellite fleet is controlled
1710:"Macerich's Tysons Tower Signs Intelsat as Anchor Office Tenant"
1460:. Astronomical Society of Australia. 1 July 2001. Archived from
112:
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The Intelsat–SES merger is a milestone for the satcom industry
1288:"Essential Features of INTEL SAT: Applications for the Future"
534:
Intelsat was sold for US$ 3.1 billion in January 2005 to four
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489:(ORBIT) Act to privatize COMSAT. In April 1998, to address
236:
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2106:"Two commercial satellites link up in space for first time"
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instigated the creation of Intelsat with his speech to the
680:
2033:"Intelsat Signs Up for MDA's Satellite Refueling Service"
1226:"TECHNOLOGY; Satellite Company Is Trying Life on Its Own"
1211:"JFK Address at U.N. General Assembly, 25 September 1961"
957:"International Telecommunications Satellite Organization"
471:
Alliance for Competitive International Satellite Services
194:
4753:
Companies formerly listed on the New York Stock Exchange
1822:"Intelsat files for Chapter 11 before 5G spectrum sales"
34:
Luxembourgish communications satellite services provider
1919:"Intelsat Emerges from Bankruptcy as a Private Company"
1742:
636:
313:
International Telecommunications Satellite Organization
54:
International Telecommunications Satellite Organization
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Companies traded over-the-counter in the United States
4758:
Companies that filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy in 2020
1836:
1577:"BC Partners Wins Control Of Satellite Group Intelsat"
577:
In April 2013, the renamed Intelsat S.A. undertook an
2139:"SpaceX Signs Falcon Heavy Launch Deal with Intelsat"
873:
2000:"Intelsat Signs Up for Satellite Refueling Service"
1879:"US Bankruptcy Court, Eastern District of Virginia"
1431:
635:in U.S. courts on 13 May 2020, just before the new
331:
International Governmental Organization (1964–2001)
1988:Via Satellite. 30 April 2024. Accessed 29 May 2024
1213:. John F. Kennedy Presidential Library and Museum.
686:entertainment and connectivity (IFEC) experience.
207:(General Counsel and Chief Administrative Officer)
40:(formerly Intel-Sat, Intelsat) is a multinational
1814:
1569:
831:. Intelsat also took advantage of the equatorial
457:, Orion Communications, Columbia Communications,
349:On 6 April 1965, Intelsat's first satellite, the
44:services provider with corporate headquarters in
4798:Telecommunications companies established in 1964
4709:
1974:Analysys Mason. 9 May 2024. Accessed 29 May 2024
1027:SpaceNews. 29 March 2023. Accessed 30 March 2023
963:, Cambridge University Press, pp. 156–183,
497:, which became a direct competitor to Intelsat.
1103:
1101:
381:(COMSAT), a private corporation established by
1607:
1528:"Wikinerds.org posting concerning IA-7 outage"
1340:"Commercial Participation in Space Activities"
1041:SpaceNews. 21 June 2023. Accessed 30 June 2023
668:Emergence from bankruptcy as a private company
303:on 25 September 1961. Less than a year later,
4639:Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems
4217:
3125:
2207:
2069:"MDA Designing In-orbit Servicing Spacecraft"
2062:
2060:
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790:brands to Galaxy and Intelsat, respectively.
572:
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1279:
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469:and others formed under the umbrella of the
315:(ITSO) and operated from 1964 to 2001 as an
4748:Companies based in Fairfax County, Virginia
4140:Global telecommunications regulation bodies
1010:"Executive Team | Intelsat Leadership"
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713:MDA Space Infrastructure Servicing vehicle
642:, with over US$ 15 billion in total debt.
244:
111:
4773:Electronics companies established in 1964
4665:List of communication satellite companies
1648:Medhora, Irene Klotz (28 February 2017).
1372:
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1038:Intelsat walks away from SES merger talks
2221:
2136:
707:In-space refueling demonstration project
518:
287:
276:
254:In March 2023, rival satellite operator
4793:Silver Lake (investment firm) companies
4660:List of communications satellite firsts
2187:Yahoo! – Intelsat, Ltd. Company Profile
2066:
1647:
1393:
1322:"United Nations Treaty, 20 August 1971"
1259:"United Nations Treaty, 20 August 1964"
681:Acquisition of Gogo Commercial Aviation
648:as Intelsat formally withdrew from the
319:owning and managing a constellation of
68:owning and managing a constellation of
14:
4728:American companies established in 1964
4710:
4542:Shanghai Spacecom Satellite Technology
3139:
2031:de Selding, Peter B. (18 March 2011).
1998:de Selding, Peter B. (14 March 2011).
1591:"Intelsat IPO Misses Target on Launch"
1499:
1447:
1373:Sommariva, Andrea (28 February 2018).
1337:
954:
694:On 30 April 2024, satellite operator,
52:, United States. Originally formed as
4205:
3113:
2195:
2103:
1854:
1797:
1285:
1223:
689:
4690:
4186:
1049:
1047:
733:in orbit with four or five Intelsat
725:demonstration project would take to
525:Intelsat administrative headquarters
447:
379:Communications Satellite Corporation
311:. Intelsat was originally formed as
309:Communications Satellite Act of 1962
4783:Madison Dearborn Partners companies
2104:Clark, Stephen (26 February 2020).
1432:Donald E. Kimberlin (1 June 1994).
477:the U.S. signatory to Intelsat and
48:and administrative headquarters in
24:
4788:Private equity portfolio companies
4743:Communications satellite operators
4738:Apollo Global Management companies
2067:Selding, Peter B. (3 March 2010).
1696:"Intelsat Global Office Locations"
1224:Feder, Barnaby J. (23 July 2001).
1024:SES confirms Intelsat merger talks
793:
25:
4809:
4323:Automatic Tracking Satellite Dish
2161:
2141:. Satellite Today. Archived from
1855:Henry, Caleb (20 February 2020).
1552:
1044:
658:Federal Communications Commission
596:and became Intelsat Corporation.
4768:Economy of Riverside, California
4689:
4678:
4677:
4185:
4175:
4166:
4165:
4154:
3775:Free-space optical communication
1399:
1199:
955:Lipscy, Phillip Y., ed. (2017),
876:
500:
120:
64:), from 1964 to 2001, it was an
4778:Intergovernmental organizations
2112:
2097:
1977:
1963:
1937:
1911:
1885:
1871:
1756:
1724:
1702:
1688:
1660:
1650:"Merger of OneWeb and Intelsat"
1641:
1616:
1601:
1546:
1520:
1493:
1479:
1425:
1366:
1314:
1251:
1217:
1193:
1179:
1153:
1127:
1608:Veronica Magan (10 May 2013).
1073:
1030:
1016:
1002:
984:
948:
934:
415:, having built 47 spacecraft (
13:
1:
4723:2013 initial public offerings
1824:. Bloomberg News. 14 May 2020
927:
813:International Launch Services
766:
626:
610:
4644:ETSI Satellite Digital Radio
4368:Very-small-aperture terminal
4161:Telecommunication portal
3942:Telecommunications equipment
1798:Henry, Caleb (14 May 2020).
1506:. Rowman & Littlefield.
1379:. Vernon Press. p. 29.
317:intergovernmental consortium
217:US$ 526.1 million (Q3, 2021)
66:intergovernmental consortium
7:
4420:Digital audio radio service
4328:Motor-driven Satellite dish
3678:Alexander Stepanovich Popov
2259:List of Intelsat satellites
2071:. SpaceNews. Archived from
2035:. SpaceNews. Archived from
2002:. SpaceNews. Archived from
1579:. SpaceDaily. 20 June 2007.
1350:(45): 53–68. Archived from
1298:(45): 45–52. Archived from
869:
777:
773:List of Intelsat satellites
757:Mission Extension Vehicle 1
10:
4814:
3382:Telecommunications history
1081:"Global Satellite Network"
862:in the 1990s and a single
839:rockets launched from the
770:
710:
594:reincorporated in Delaware
573:Intelsat S.A. (Luxembourg)
272:
26:
4673:
4652:
4631:
4580:
4475:Relay satellite companies
4474:
4428:
4376:
4295:
4272:High-throughput satellite
4257:Satellite Internet access
4239:
4149:
4091:
4028:
3990:Public Switched Telephone
3950:
3914:
3871:
3812:
3802:telecommunication circuit
3763:Fiber-optic communication
3746:
3508:Francis Blake (telephone)
3455:
3303:Optical telecommunication
3147:
3055:
2905:
2756:
2685:
2559:
2521:
2434:
2353:
2267:
2229:
2120:"Intelsat Infrastructure"
1500:Wilson, Kevin G. (2000).
1165:www.militaryaerospace.com
969:10.1017/9781316570463.006
540:Madison Dearborn Partners
321:communications satellites
292:An Intelsat-IVA satellite
231:
221:
213:
185:
169:
151:
141:
131:
119:
110:
70:communications satellites
4233:Satellite communications
3901:Orbital angular-momentum
3338:Satellite communications
3177:Communications satellite
1413:. NASA. 10 February 2021
1286:Leive, David M. (1981).
823:rockets manufactured by
759:(MEV 1) docked with the
735:communication satellites
552:Apollo Global Management
27:Not to be confused with
4733:Apax Partners companies
4581:Satellite manufacturers
3780:Molecular communication
3603:Gardiner Greene Hubbard
3432:Undersea telegraph line
3167:Cable protection system
1595:The Wall Street Journal
1411:"Intelsat 20 2012-043A"
1338:Menter, Martin (1981).
579:initial public offering
554:. The company acquired
200:Anthony (Toby) O'Brien
146:Satellite communication
3922:Communication protocol
3708:Charles Sumner Tainter
3523:Walter Houser Brattain
3468:Edwin Howard Armstrong
3276:Information revolution
2182:Satellite Coverage Map
942:"Locations | Intelsat"
531:
337:; 60 years ago
293:
285:
157:; 60 years ago
3896:Polarization-division
3628:Narinder Singh Kapany
3593:Erna Schneider Hoover
3513:Jagadish Chandra Bose
3493:Alexander Graham Bell
3224:online video platform
1557:. Gunter's Space Page
1434:"Camelot on the Moon"
851:for one of the first
843:floating platform in
744:The plan is that the
633:Chapter 11 bankruptcy
631:Intelsat filed for a
522:
481:. In March 2001, the
291:
280:
91:38.94167°N 77.06361°W
4247:Satellite television
3738:Vladimir K. Zworykin
3698:Almon Brown Strowger
3668:Charles Grafton Page
3323:Prepaid mobile phone
3251:Electrical telegraph
2223:Intelsat Corporation
1764:"Intelsat Teleports"
1750:"Intelsat's New NOC"
1628:www.swfinstitute.org
1344:Journal of Space Law
1292:Journal of Space Law
495:New Skies Satellites
155:August 20, 1964
4632:Trade organizations
4623:Thales Alenia Space
4436:Astra Digital Radio
4429:Broadcast companies
4358:Satellite data unit
3688:Johann Philipp Reis
3447:Wireless revolution
3409:The Telephone Cases
3266:Hydraulic telegraph
2910:(Intelsat Americas)
1115:. 17 September 2020
996:The Washington Post
727:geostationary orbit
723:satellite-servicing
512:(known formerly as
510:Intelsat Americas-7
413:Space Systems/Loral
359:geostationary orbit
223:Number of employees
107:
96:38.94167; -77.06361
87: /
4451:Sirius XM Holdings
4342:Parabolic antennas
3886:Frequency-division
3863:Telephone exchange
3733:Charles Wheatstone
3663:Jun-ichi Nishizawa
3638:Innocenzo Manzetti
3573:Reginald Fessenden
3308:Optical telegraphy
3141:Telecommunications
2145:on 1 February 2013
2108:. Spaceflight Now.
1951:. 1 September 2020
1925:. 24 February 2022
1899:. 25 February 2022
1774:on 16 January 2019
1738:on 22 August 2014.
1612:. Satellite Today.
1534:on 27 October 2005
1230:The New York Times
884:Spaceflight portal
811:launchers, and by
803:with the European
690:Acquisition by SES
621:Ellenwood, Georgia
592:In 2015, Intelsat
532:
375:foreign ministries
294:
286:
191:David C. Wajsgras
105:
4705:
4704:
4262:Amateur satellite
4199:
4198:
3937:Store and forward
3932:Data transmission
3846:Network switching
3797:Transmission line
3643:Guglielmo Marconi
3608:Internet pioneers
3473:Mohamed M. Atalla
3442:Whistled language
3107:
3106:
2838:
2239:Intelsat Americas
2075:on 5 January 2013
1712:. 3 December 2012
1553:Krebs, Gunter D.
1513:978-0-8476-9825-7
1467:on 10 August 2007
1386:978-1-62273-264-7
1327:. United Nations.
1264:. United Nations.
1167:. 11 January 2021
1141:. 12 January 2022
978:978-1-107-14976-2
912:Intelsat Americas
784:Intelsat Americas
750:apogee kick motor
640:spectrum auctions
448:Commercialization
357:), was placed in
252:
251:
197:since April 2022)
16:(Redirected from
4805:
4693:
4692:
4681:
4680:
4608:Northrop Grumman
4287:Carriage dispute
4226:
4219:
4212:
4203:
4202:
4189:
4188:
4179:
4178:
4169:
4168:
4159:
4158:
4157:
4030:Notable networks
4020:Wireless network
3960:Cellular network
3952:Types of network
3927:Computer network
3814:Network topology
3728:Thomas A. Watson
3583:Oliver Heaviside
3568:Philo Farnsworth
3543:Daniel Davis Jr.
3518:Charles Bourseul
3478:John Logie Baird
3187:Data compression
3182:Computer network
3134:
3127:
3120:
3111:
3110:
2836:
2310:Intelsat III F-1
2216:
2209:
2202:
2193:
2192:
2178:
2173:
2172:
2170:Official website
2155:
2154:
2152:
2150:
2134:
2128:
2127:
2116:
2110:
2109:
2101:
2095:
2094:
2082:
2080:
2064:
2055:
2054:
2046:
2044:
2039:on 21 March 2012
2028:
2022:
2021:
2013:
2011:
1995:
1989:
1981:
1975:
1967:
1961:
1960:
1958:
1956:
1941:
1935:
1934:
1932:
1930:
1915:
1909:
1908:
1906:
1904:
1889:
1883:
1882:
1875:
1869:
1868:
1866:
1864:
1852:
1846:
1840:
1834:
1833:
1831:
1829:
1818:
1812:
1811:
1809:
1807:
1795:
1784:
1783:
1781:
1779:
1770:. Archived from
1760:
1754:
1753:
1752:. December 2016.
1746:
1740:
1739:
1734:. Archived from
1728:
1722:
1721:
1719:
1717:
1706:
1700:
1699:
1692:
1686:
1685:
1683:
1681:
1664:
1658:
1657:
1645:
1639:
1638:
1636:
1634:
1620:
1614:
1613:
1605:
1599:
1598:
1597:. 18 April 2013.
1587:
1581:
1580:
1573:
1567:
1566:
1564:
1562:
1550:
1544:
1543:
1541:
1539:
1530:. Archived from
1524:
1518:
1517:
1497:
1491:
1490:
1483:
1477:
1476:
1474:
1472:
1466:
1459:
1451:
1445:
1444:
1442:
1440:
1429:
1423:
1422:
1420:
1418:
1403:
1402:
1397:
1391:
1390:
1370:
1364:
1363:
1361:
1359:
1335:
1329:
1328:
1326:
1318:
1312:
1311:
1309:
1307:
1283:
1266:
1265:
1263:
1255:
1249:
1248:
1246:
1244:
1221:
1215:
1214:
1203:
1202:
1197:
1191:
1190:
1183:
1177:
1176:
1174:
1172:
1157:
1151:
1150:
1148:
1146:
1131:
1125:
1124:
1122:
1120:
1105:
1096:
1095:
1093:
1091:
1077:
1071:
1070:
1068:
1066:
1051:
1042:
1034:
1028:
1020:
1014:
1013:
1006:
1000:
999:
988:
982:
981:
952:
946:
945:
938:
886:
881:
880:
879:
866:launch in 2009.
617:Tysons, Virginia
529:Washington, D.C.
419:) by that time.
345:
343:
338:
248:
243:
240:
238:
208:
203:
198:
175:McLean, Virginia
165:
163:
158:
124:
115:
108:
104:
102:
101:
99:
98:
97:
92:
88:
85:
84:
83:
80:
50:Tysons, Virginia
21:
4813:
4812:
4808:
4807:
4806:
4804:
4803:
4802:
4708:
4707:
4706:
4701:
4669:
4648:
4627:
4603:Lockheed Martin
4576:
4482:AST SpaceMobile
4470:
4424:
4378:Satellite radio
4372:
4353:Satellite modem
4348:Satellite phone
4333:Multi-satellite
4291:
4277:Relay satellite
4252:Satellite radio
4235:
4230:
4200:
4195:
4155:
4153:
4145:
4087:
4024:
3946:
3910:
3867:
3816:
3808:
3749:
3742:
3648:Robert Metcalfe
3503:Tim Berners-Lee
3451:
3271:Information Age
3143:
3138:
3108:
3103:
3051:
2909:
2901:
2757:Recent Intelsat
2752:
2681:
2555:
2517:
2430:
2361:Intelsat IV F-1
2349:
2290:Intelsat II F-1
2263:
2225:
2220:
2168:
2167:
2164:
2159:
2158:
2148:
2146:
2135:
2131:
2118:
2117:
2113:
2102:
2098:
2089:orbital-cleanup
2078:
2076:
2065:
2058:
2042:
2040:
2029:
2025:
2009:
2007:
1996:
1992:
1982:
1978:
1968:
1964:
1954:
1952:
1943:
1942:
1938:
1928:
1926:
1917:
1916:
1912:
1902:
1900:
1891:
1890:
1886:
1877:
1876:
1872:
1862:
1860:
1853:
1849:
1841:
1837:
1827:
1825:
1820:
1819:
1815:
1805:
1803:
1796:
1787:
1777:
1775:
1762:
1761:
1757:
1748:
1747:
1743:
1730:
1729:
1725:
1715:
1713:
1708:
1707:
1703:
1694:
1693:
1689:
1679:
1677:
1666:
1665:
1661:
1646:
1642:
1632:
1630:
1622:
1621:
1617:
1606:
1602:
1589:
1588:
1584:
1575:
1574:
1570:
1560:
1558:
1551:
1547:
1537:
1535:
1526:
1525:
1521:
1514:
1498:
1494:
1485:
1484:
1480:
1470:
1468:
1464:
1457:
1453:
1452:
1448:
1438:
1436:
1430:
1426:
1416:
1414:
1409:
1400:
1398:
1394:
1387:
1371:
1367:
1357:
1355:
1336:
1332:
1324:
1320:
1319:
1315:
1305:
1303:
1284:
1269:
1261:
1257:
1256:
1252:
1242:
1240:
1222:
1218:
1209:
1200:
1198:
1194:
1187:"Annual Report"
1185:
1184:
1180:
1170:
1168:
1159:
1158:
1154:
1144:
1142:
1133:
1132:
1128:
1118:
1116:
1107:
1106:
1099:
1089:
1087:
1079:
1078:
1074:
1064:
1062:
1061:. 30 April 2024
1053:
1052:
1045:
1035:
1031:
1021:
1017:
1008:
1007:
1003:
990:
989:
985:
979:
953:
949:
940:
939:
935:
930:
882:
877:
875:
872:
856:launch vehicles
796:
794:Launch vehicles
780:
775:
769:
719:MDA Corporation
715:
709:
692:
683:
670:
650:C-Band Alliance
629:
613:
575:
503:
491:U.S. government
450:
342:August 20, 1964
341:
339:
336:
333:
305:John F. Kennedy
297:John F. Kennedy
275:
235:
224:
209:
206:
205:Michelle Bryan
204:
201:
199:
192:
188:
181:
177:
161:
159:
156:
127:
95:
93:
89:
86:
81:
78:
76:
74:
73:
35:
32:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4811:
4801:
4800:
4795:
4790:
4785:
4780:
4775:
4770:
4765:
4760:
4755:
4750:
4745:
4740:
4735:
4730:
4725:
4720:
4703:
4702:
4700:
4699:
4687:
4674:
4671:
4670:
4668:
4667:
4662:
4656:
4654:
4650:
4649:
4647:
4646:
4641:
4635:
4633:
4629:
4628:
4626:
4625:
4620:
4615:
4610:
4605:
4600:
4595:
4590:
4584:
4582:
4578:
4577:
4575:
4574:
4569:
4564:
4559:
4554:
4549:
4544:
4539:
4534:
4529:
4524:
4519:
4514:
4509:
4504:
4499:
4494:
4489:
4484:
4478:
4476:
4472:
4471:
4469:
4468:
4463:
4458:
4453:
4448:
4443:
4438:
4432:
4430:
4426:
4425:
4423:
4422:
4417:
4412:
4407:
4402:
4397:
4392:
4386:
4384:
4374:
4373:
4371:
4370:
4365:
4360:
4355:
4350:
4345:
4338:Satellite dish
4335:
4330:
4325:
4320:
4315:
4310:
4305:
4299:
4297:
4293:
4292:
4290:
4289:
4284:
4279:
4274:
4269:
4267:Ground station
4264:
4259:
4254:
4249:
4243:
4241:
4237:
4236:
4229:
4228:
4221:
4214:
4206:
4197:
4196:
4194:
4193:
4183:
4173:
4163:
4150:
4147:
4146:
4144:
4143:
4136:
4131:
4126:
4121:
4116:
4115:
4114:
4109:
4101:
4095:
4093:
4089:
4088:
4086:
4085:
4080:
4075:
4070:
4065:
4060:
4055:
4050:
4045:
4040:
4034:
4032:
4026:
4025:
4023:
4022:
4017:
4012:
4007:
4002:
3997:
3992:
3987:
3982:
3977:
3972:
3967:
3962:
3956:
3954:
3948:
3947:
3945:
3944:
3939:
3934:
3929:
3924:
3918:
3916:
3912:
3911:
3909:
3908:
3903:
3898:
3893:
3888:
3883:
3881:Space-division
3877:
3875:
3869:
3868:
3866:
3865:
3860:
3859:
3858:
3853:
3843:
3842:
3841:
3831:
3826:
3820:
3818:
3810:
3809:
3807:
3806:
3805:
3804:
3794:
3793:
3792:
3782:
3777:
3772:
3771:
3770:
3760:
3754:
3752:
3744:
3743:
3741:
3740:
3735:
3730:
3725:
3720:
3718:Camille Tissot
3715:
3710:
3705:
3700:
3695:
3693:Claude Shannon
3690:
3685:
3683:Tivadar Puskás
3680:
3675:
3670:
3665:
3660:
3655:
3653:Antonio Meucci
3650:
3645:
3640:
3635:
3630:
3625:
3623:Charles K. Kao
3620:
3615:
3610:
3605:
3600:
3598:Harold Hopkins
3595:
3590:
3585:
3580:
3575:
3570:
3565:
3560:
3555:
3550:
3545:
3540:
3535:
3530:
3525:
3520:
3515:
3510:
3505:
3500:
3498:Emile Berliner
3495:
3490:
3485:
3480:
3475:
3470:
3465:
3459:
3457:
3453:
3452:
3450:
3449:
3444:
3439:
3437:Videotelephony
3434:
3429:
3428:
3427:
3422:
3412:
3405:
3400:
3394:
3389:
3384:
3379:
3374:
3373:
3372:
3367:
3362:
3352:
3351:
3350:
3340:
3335:
3333:Radiotelephone
3330:
3325:
3320:
3315:
3310:
3305:
3300:
3299:
3298:
3288:
3283:
3278:
3273:
3268:
3263:
3258:
3253:
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3219:Internet video
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2442:Intelsat V F-1
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2196:
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2163:
2162:External links
2160:
2157:
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2137:Jeffrey Hill.
2129:
2111:
2096:
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2023:
2006:on 24 May 2012
1990:
1976:
1962:
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1881:. 13 May 2020.
1870:
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1673:Bloomberg News
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1354:on 1 June 2012
1330:
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1302:on 1 June 2012
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835:offering with
795:
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711:Main article:
708:
705:
691:
688:
682:
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669:
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628:
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612:
609:
574:
571:
561:In June 2007,
536:private equity
502:
499:
449:
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367:Delta D rocket
363:Atlantic Ocean
332:
329:
301:United Nations
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4334:
4331:
4329:
4326:
4324:
4321:
4319:
4316:
4314:
4311:
4309:
4308:Monoblock LNB
4306:
4304:
4301:
4300:
4298:
4294:
4288:
4285:
4283:
4280:
4278:
4275:
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3928:
3925:
3923:
3920:
3919:
3917:
3913:
3907:
3906:Code-division
3904:
3902:
3899:
3897:
3894:
3892:
3891:Time-division
3889:
3887:
3884:
3882:
3879:
3878:
3876:
3874:
3870:
3864:
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3844:
3840:
3837:
3836:
3835:
3832:
3830:
3827:
3825:
3822:
3821:
3819:
3817:and switching
3815:
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3803:
3800:
3799:
3798:
3795:
3791:
3788:
3787:
3786:
3783:
3781:
3778:
3776:
3773:
3769:
3768:optical fiber
3766:
3765:
3764:
3761:
3759:
3758:Coaxial cable
3756:
3755:
3753:
3751:
3745:
3739:
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3673:Radia Perlman
3671:
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3579:
3576:
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3566:
3564:
3563:Lee de Forest
3561:
3559:
3558:Thomas Edison
3556:
3554:
3551:
3549:
3548:Donald Davies
3546:
3544:
3541:
3539:
3536:
3534:
3533:Claude Chappe
3531:
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3404:
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3380:
3378:
3377:Smoke signals
3375:
3371:
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3366:
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3361:
3358:
3357:
3356:
3355:Semiconductor
3353:
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3214:Digital media
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2583:
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2564:
2562:
2560:Intelsat 7-10
2558:
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2534:
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2529:
2528:
2526:
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2001:
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1923:Via Satellite
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1406:public domain
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1206:public domain
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1139:Via Satellite
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845:Pacific Ocean
842:
841:Ocean Odyssey
838:
834:
830:
826:
822:
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814:
810:
806:
802:
799:conducted by
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3229:social media
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2531:Intelsat 601
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170:Headquarters
132:Company type
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4466:1worldspace
4282:Transponder
4073:NPL network
3785:Radio waves
3723:Alfred Vail
3633:Hedy Lamarr
3618:Dawon Kahng
3578:Elisha Gray
3538:Yogen Dalal
3463:Nasir Ahmed
3397:Teleprinter
3261:Heliographs
3083:Horizons-3e
2764:Intelsat 14
2693:Intelsat 1R
2686:ex-PanAmSat
2523:Intelsat VI
2354:Intelsat IV
2126:. Intelsat.
1897:GovCon Wire
1863:23 February
1859:. SpaceNews
1802:. SpaceNews
1698:. Intelsat.
1676:. June 2017
1487:"ORBIT Act"
1358:5 September
1306:5 September
1161:"StackPath"
1059:www.ses.com
1012:. Intelsat.
815:(ILS) with
801:Arianespace
731:Catching up
721:spacecraft
563:BC Partners
523:The former
485:passed the
417:Intelsat 20
353:(nicknamed
307:signed the
281:INTELSAT I
94: /
18:Intelsat 12
4712:Categories
4497:Globalstar
4119:Antarctica
4078:Toasternet
4000:Television
3483:Paul Baran
3415:Television
3399:(teletype)
3392:Telegraphy
3370:transistor
3348:Phryctoria
3318:Photophone
3296:Smartphone
3286:Mass media
3088:Intelsat K
3078:Horizons-2
3073:Horizons-1
2837:(New Dawn)
2435:Intelsat V
2285:Intelsat I
2269:Intelsat I
1778:16 January
1716:3 December
1633:7 November
1561:4 December
1243:7 November
928:References
833:Sea Launch
825:Khrunichev
771:See also:
767:Satellites
746:fuel-depot
627:Bankruptcy
611:Operations
463:Globalstar
361:above the
355:Early Bird
351:Intelsat I
325:Luxembourg
283:Early Bird
187:Key people
162:1964-08-20
82:77°03′49″W
79:38°56′30″N
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2091:missions.
1949:SpaceNews
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1238:0362-4331
1113:SpaceNews
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654:regulator
514:Telstar 7
425:Apollo 11
239:.intelsat
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4502:Hispasat
4492:Eutelsat
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4363:Spacebus
4296:Hardware
4171:Category
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3965:Ethernet
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3839:terminal
3790:wireless
3613:Bob Kahn
3456:Pioneers
3281:Internet
3172:Cable TV
2244:PanAmSat
2079:14 March
2043:20 March
2010:15 March
1955:8 August
1929:8 August
1903:8 August
1768:Intelsat
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1171:8 August
1145:8 August
1119:8 August
1090:8 August
1085:Intelsat
1065:30 April
902:Inmarsat
897:Eutelsat
870:See also
860:Atlas II
821:Proton-M
817:Proton-K
809:Ariane 5
805:Ariane 4
788:PanAmSat
778:Renaming
603:-backed
601:Softbank
556:PanAmSat
479:Inmarsat
455:PanAmSat
434:moonwalk
142:Industry
62:Intelsat
4696:Commons
4567:Turksat
4557:Telesat
4527:Iridium
4461:Allente
4441:DirecTV
4415:ISDB-S3
4410:DVB-S2X
4400:DVB-RCS
4191:Commons
4181:Outline
4134:Oceania
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4038:ARPANET
3851:circuit
3420:digital
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2508:VA F-14
2503:VA F-13
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2493:VA F-11
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2421:IVA F-5
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2411:IVA F-3
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2401:IVA F-1
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864:Atlas V
741:life".
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398:assets.
383:federal
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232:Website
214:Revenue
160: (
152:Founded
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