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effect as statutes passed by the legislative
Chambers. This power included the power to legislate constitutional amendments. A sweeping amendment of Brazil's 1967 Constitution (already adopted under the Military Regime) was promulgated in 1969 (Constitutional Amendment number 1, also known as the 1969 Constitution, because the entire altered and consolidated text of the Constitution was re-published as part of the Amendment), under the authority transferred to the Executive Branch by the AI-5.
331:, the political party created to give support for the dictatorship. Under the leadership of Daniel Krieger, the following Senators signed a disagreement message addressed to the president: Gilberto Marinho, Miltom Campos, Carvalho Pinto, Eurico Resende, Manoel Villaça, Wilson Gonçalves, Aloisio de Carvalho Filho, Antonio Carlos Konder Reis, Ney Braga, Mem de Sá, Rui Palmeira, Teotônio Vilela, José Cândido Ferraz, Leandro Maciel, Vitorino Freire, Arnon de Melo, Clodomir Milet,
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Congress, and of delegates chosen by the State
Assemblies). Thus, not only elections for the Executive Branch were indirect, but the vacancies created in the composition of the Legislative bodies affected the makeup of the Electoral College, so that it also became a rubber-stamp body of the military regime.
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and the State
Legislative Assemblies into forced recess, as well as Municipal Councils. A powerful military General thought that the Congress being closed was a "blessing." Costa e Silva used this power almost as soon as AI-5 was signed, resulting in the closure of the National Congress and all state
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the assumption by the
President of the Republic and the Governors of the States, during the periods of forced recess of the federal and state Legislatures, respectively, of the fullness of the legislative power, enabling the President and the Governors to legislate by decrees with the same force and
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bodies. The deprivation of office of
Opposition legislators also affected the makeup of the Electoral College of the President of the Republic (under the 1967 and 1969 Constitutions, adopted under the military regime, the President was chosen by an Electoral College made up of the entire National
305:
the assumption by the
President of the Republic of the power of sacking summarily any public servant, including elected political officers and judges, if they were found to be subversive or un-cooperative with the regime. This power was widely used to vacate the seats of Opposition members in the
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the instant legitimacy of certain types of decrees issued by the
President, that were made not liable to judicial review. Under those provisions, the Institutional Acts themselves, and any action based on an Institutional Act (such as a decree suspending political rights or removing someone from
306:
Legislative branch, so that elections would be held as usual, but the composition of the
Legislature resulting from the elections would be dramatically changed by the deprivation of office of Opposition legislators, effectively transforming the Federal, State and even municipal legislatures in
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the permission for the federal government, under the pretext of "national security", to intervene in states and municipalities, suspending the local authorities and appointing federal interventors to run the states and the
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of music, films, theater and television (a work could be censored if it was understood as subverting the political and moral values) and the censorship of the press and of other means of mass communication;
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Written by then
Minister of Justice LuĂs AntĂ´nio da Gama e Silva, it came as a response to reactions against the regime, such as a demonstration by over fifty thousand people in
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celebrations. It also aimed to consolidate the ambitions of a hardline faction within the regime which was unwilling to relinquish power in the foreseeable future.
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578:
Stein, E. A. (2012). "The
Unraveling of Support for Authoritarianism: The Dynamic Relationship of Media, Elites, and Public Opinion in Brazil, 1972-82".
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By passing AI-5 the dictatorship could take away anyone's political rights for up to ten years, and put the death penalty back into effect;
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allowed Congress to pass a constitutional amendment putting an end to AI-5 and restoring habeas corpus, as part of his policy of
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Sem acesso ao presidente, senadores deixam mensagem de protesto no portão do Palácio das Laranjeiras.
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for almost a year. The power to order the National Congress into recess would be used again in 1977.
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622:"No Justice for Horrors of Brazil's Military Dictatorship 50 Years On"
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539:"Institutional Act Number Five - Wikisource, the free online library"
371:). The constitutional amendment came into force on January 1, 1979.
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the illegality of political meetings not authorized by the police;
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The President of the Republic was given authority to order the
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Situation in Brazil. CIA analysis and full text of AI-5
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In 2004, the celebrated television documentary titled
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1968 legislation by the Brazilian military government
49:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
720:"Costa e Silva | Brazil: Five Centuries of Change"
327:The AI-5 did not silence a group of Senators from
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786:"Veja as nove páginas do Ato Institucional nº 5"
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762:"Brown University Library | Item | bdr:367083"
671:"Brown University Library | Item | bdr:690110"
647:"Brown University Library | Item | bdr:366676"
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318:office), were not subject to judicial review.
264:The immediate consequences of the AI-5 were:
695:"AI-5, o mais cruel dos Atos Institucionais"
390:Pages of the Institutional Act Number Five.
580:The International Journal of Press/Politics
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792:(in Brazilian Portuguese). 8 December 2018
248:of authorization to prosecute Congressman
144:, was the fifth of seventeen extra-legal
109:Learn how and when to remove this message
960:March of the Family with God for Liberty
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196:Institutional Acts were not subject to
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856:Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro
335:, Valdemar Alcântara and Júlio Leite.
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846:Official text of Institutional Act #5
701:from the original on 18 December 2008
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208:enacted by the regime. By suspending
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302:for crimes of political motivation;
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996:Humberto de Alencar Castelo Branco
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14:
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965:March of the One Hundred Thousand
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380:AI-5 – The Day That Never Existed
242:March of the One Hundred Thousand
232:protesting the murder of student
214:human rights abuses by the regime
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192:President Artur da Costa e Silva
178:by the regime. It was issued by
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349:On October 13, 1978, President
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58:"Institutional Act Number Five"
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138:Ato Institucional NĂşmero Cinco
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130:Institutional Act Number Five
852:Text of Institutional Act #5
830:AI-5 – O Dia Que Não Existiu
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675:repository.library.brown.edu
651:repository.library.brown.edu
376:AI-5 – O Dia Que Não Existiu
273:legislatures except that of
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1062:Political history of Brazil
392:National Archives of Brazil
345:Political opening of Brazil
152:in the years following the
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748:December 19, 2008, at the
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154:1964 Brazilian coup d'Ă©tat
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944:National Truth Commission
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236:by a member of the state
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1021:Golbery do Couto e Silva
1006:EmĂlio Garrastazu MĂ©dici
980:Death of Vladimir Herzog
592:10.1177/1940161212460762
520:"Governo Baixa Novo Ato"
244:, and the denial by the
234:Edson LuĂs de Lima Souto
125:First page of the decree
912:List of the disappeared
222:o golpe dentro do golpe
1072:Constitution of Brazil
1001:Artur da Costa e Silva
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185:on December 13, 1968.
183:Artur da Costa e Silva
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176:extrajudicial killing
140:), commonly known as
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1082:Censorship in Brazil
1031:AntĂ´nio Delfim Netto
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250:Márcio Moreira Alves
212:, the AI-5 enabled
159:AI-5 suspended most
43:improve this article
246:Chamber of Deputies
169:arbitrary detention
150:military government
922:Institutional Acts
816:"30 Years Tonight"
626:Human Rights Watch
298:the suspension of
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146:Institutional Acts
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975:Riocentro bombing
939:Political opening
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724:library.brown.edu
697:(in Portuguese).
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369:political opening
364:abertura polĂtica
270:National Congress
219:Sometimes called
206:1967 constitution
202:1946 constitution
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32:This article
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1102:Military law
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41:Please help
36:verification
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1092:1968 in law
896:(1964–1985)
796:18 February
323:Rebel ARENA
1046:Categories
970:Diretas Já
821:2008-11-10
771:2018-04-24
729:2018-04-24
705:2008-11-10
680:2018-04-24
656:2018-04-24
632:2023-03-08
548:2023-11-11
507:References
290:censorship
134:Portuguese
69:newspapers
608:147226345
600:1940-1612
355:distensĂŁo
275:SĂŁo Paulo
180:President
746:Archived
699:Archived
204:and the
854:, from
386:Gallery
359:détente
172:torture
83:scholar
989:People
953:Events
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329:ARENA
90:JSTOR
76:books
835:IMDb
798:2021
596:ISSN
142:AI-5
62:news
833:at
588:doi
45:by
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