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448:. Continental pins, so called for historical reasons, are used internationally by museums and collectors. They are made of stainless steel for preference, especially for very long-term storage of specimens, but blackened steel also is used. The pins have round plastic or solid metal heads. Continental pins are of a standard length (40mm), but they are available in thicknesses numbered 000 (the thinnest), 00, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 (the thickest). This standard pin length is sufficient to accommodate an adequate number of data labels and to permit convenient handling with suitably curved
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477:. A point is a triangular piece of white card. Specially designed point punches permit the production of large numbers of points of standard sizes as required. To use a point, a pin is inserted through the broad base of the triangle. To mount the specimen, a tiny amount of glue is placed on the tip and applied to the right side of the insect's thorax. If appropriate the tip of the point may be bent at the necessary angle to hold the body of the specimen horizontal when the pin is vertical, with the long axis of the insect at right angles to the point.
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501:. Insect pins without heads, 12mm long. They are used for double mounting (staging) very small insects. They also may be used profitably for staging insects of moderate size, where they have the advantage of being less damaging to the specimen. For best effect in that respect, the pin is inserted from below through the staging card, well into the thorax, but not all the way through. Alternatively the minuten pin can be inserted laterally into one side of the thorax, again preferably not all the way through.
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540:. When specimens are mounted on a smaller support which in turn is supported on a normal full-sized entomological pin, this is called staging. For example a specimen might be mounted on a minuten pin, typically being pinned on its side (lateral pinning) or upright (direct pinning) with the minuten pin driven into a stage, a strip of suitable material such as dried plant
553:
If insects are side-pinned by pins that pass right through the specimens, then the minuten should be at such an angle that different features are damaged on the opposite sides of the thorax. Competent staging protects small specimens and displays most features conveniently. The stage-pin then is easy
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They were once commonly made from brass or silver, but these would corrode from contact with insect bodies and are no longer commonly used. Instead they are nickel-plated brass, yielding "white" or "black" enamelling, or even made from stainless steel. Similarly, the smallest sizes from 000 to 1 used
403:
As standard, they are 38 millimetres (1.5 in) long and come in sizes from 000 (the smallest diameter), through 00, 0, and 1, to 8 (the largest diameter). The most generally useful size in entomology is size 2, which is 0.46 millimetres (0.018 in) in diameter, with sizes 1 and 3 being the
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It is better to pin an insect that has died recently enough that it has not dried yet, because it allows the thoracic muscles to adhere to the pin. Previously dried specimens must have glue applied to the pin location to avoid spinning. The large majority of the time insects are pinned vertically
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providing a stage. Typical sizes are 4.5 x 11 mm;5 x 14 mm;6 x 17 mm;10 x 21 mm;13 x 30 mm. Printed lines allow uniform placement of the entomological pin. Though this is convenient, it is dubious practice at best, because it obscures features that might be necessary for
278:
wings. Sweep nets are more rugged, and used to collect insects from grass and brush. A sweep net is swept back and forth through vegetation quickly turning the opening from side to side and following a shallow figure eight pattern. The collector walks forward while sweeping, and the net is moved
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are headless micropins that are generally only made of stainless steel, used for double-mounting, where the insect is mounted on the minuten, which is pinned to a small block of soft material, which is in turn mounted on a standard, larger, insect pin.
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through plants and grasses with force. Sweeping continues for some distance and then the net is flipped over, with the bag hanging over the rim, trapping the insects until they can be removed. Other types of nets used for collecting insects include
428:
359:
When point-mounting small insects the insect is glued to a small piece of non acidic, triangle paper. When drying an insect the relaxed insect is spread out accordingly using pins on a foam block where it can dry and retain its positioning.
549:
The stage usually is positioned at such a distance up the vertical stage-pin, as to put the specimen at the same height as a directly pinned insect; this normally allows room for labels beneath and to allow handling of the specimen without
819:
Manoj K., Ranjan R., Sinha M. P., Dhan A., Naaz F., Khanum G., Rani K. A., Sharma S., Raipat B. S. (2022). A Review on Insect
Collection and Preservation Techniques. European Journal of Pharmaceutical and Medical Research, 9(7): 233-239.
767:
Manoj K., Ranjan R., Sinha M. P., Dhan A., Naaz F., Khanum G., Rani K. A., Sharma S., Raipat B. S. (2022). A Review on Insect
Collection and Preservation Techniques. European Journal of Pharmaceutical and Medical Research, 9(7): 233-239.
681:
Manoj K., Ranjan R., Sinha M. P., Dhan A., Naaz F., Khanum G., Rani K. A., Sharma S., Raipat B. S. (2022). A Review on Insect
Collection and Preservation Techniques. European Journal of Pharmaceutical and Medical Research, 9(7): 233-239.
349:
When pinning insects with wings, it is important to display them properly: Lepidoptera wings should always be spread. When drying insects with wings such as butterflies, setting paper is used to position the wings.
432:
Directly-pinned
Diptera. Though most of these specimens are at the correct height, some have been pinned incorrectly by placing the pin on the centre line, damaging characters on both sides of the thorax.
338:
There are several different preservation methods that are used; some of which include: dried preservation (pinning), liquid preservation, or slide mounts. Another (now mostly historical) approach is
1096:
How to know the immature insects; an illustrated key for identifying the orders and families of many of the immature insects with suggestions for collecting, rearing and studying them, by H. F. Chu.
724:
How to know the immature insects; an illustrated key for identifying the orders and families of many of the immature insects with suggestions for collecting, rearing and studying them, by H. F. Chu.
520:
taxonomic or morphological studies. In any case, at the very least the glue should be sufficiently conveniently soluble to be removed with solvents when necessary. With such considerations in mind,
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through their mesothorax and slightly off-center to the right of the mid-line. The pin should sit with 1/4 of the pin above the insect as to allow enough room for labels to be readable underneath.
170:
where they are maintained and studied by specialists. Many college courses require students to form small collections. There are also amateur entomologists and collectors who keep collections.
691:
Martin, J.E.H. 1977. Collecting, preparing and preserving insects, mites, and spiders. The
Insects and Arachnids of Canada, Part 1. Publ. 1643, Res. Br., Canada Dep. Agric., Ottawa, ON.
255:, some of which are baited with small bits of sweet foods (such as honey). Entomologists collecting nocturnal insects (especially moths) during faunistic survey studies might utilize
544:
or plastic foam supported in a horizontal position on the main entomological pin; as a rule a number 3 pin is convenient. Other forms of stage include card mounts and point mounts.
456:
As an exception to this standard, there also are pins of size 7, extra-long and very strong pins for very large beetles; they are 52mm long and thicker than size 6 pins.
1128:
How to make an insect collection; containing suggestions and hints designed to aid the beginning and less advanced collector (Wards
Natural Science Establishment 1945)
363:
When labeling insects the labels are presented in this order top down: Locality, additional locality/voucher label/accession numbers, insect identification.
780:"How to Make an Awesome Insect Collection: Purdue: entomology: insect: collect: supplies: specimen: mounting: identifying: displaying: preserve: labels"
575:
A beetle collection becomes a source of fascination for a mentally disturbed woman in
Chapter XI of MacKinlay Kantor's Pulitzer Prize-winning novel
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often have their left wings spread. In scientific collections, the insect's wings, legs, and antenna are tucked underneath it to conserve space.
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692:
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How to know the insects; an illustrated key to the more common families of insects, with suggestions for collecting, mounting and studying them
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are used to collect flying insects. The bag of a butterfly net is generally constructed from a lightweight mesh to minimize damage to delicate
284:
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Part of a beetle collection. The insects are fixed in place by entomological pins which allow handling and which also pierce the data label
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158:. Most insects are small and the majority cannot be identified without the examination of minute morphological characters, so
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of a specimen. The insects are pinned vertically through the thorax with a suitably sized pin, but by convention they are
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342:, where the innards were removed and the skin dried. Pinning is by far the most common form of insect preservation.
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V.M. Uys & R.P. Urban (Eds.): "How to
Collect and Preserve Insects and Arachnids". Pretoria 2006. 112 p.
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to be impractical for mounting until plastic and polyethylene became commonly used for pinning bases.
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572:'s childhood hobby of insect collecting is the inspiration behind the popular video game series.
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267:, sometimes called "pooters", suck up insects too small or delicate to handle with fingers.
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Picture guide series for college students. Out of date, but very useful for beginners:
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Bulletin (United States
National Museum) no. 39, pt. F. Washington,Govt. Printing Off.
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Once collected, insects must be killed before they damage themselves trying to escape.
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pinned on the midline, but to the right, so as to leave at least one side undamaged.
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often make and maintain insect collections. Very large collections are preserved in
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Direct pinning is the insertion of an entomological pin directly through the
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are used on hard-bodied insects. Soft-bodied insects, such as those in the
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Banks, Nathan (1909). "Directions for
Collecting and Preserving Insects".
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Arthropod Collection and Identification: Laboratory and Field Techniques
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Arthropod Collection and Identification: Laboratory and Field Techniques
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to manipulate when moving the specimen and the stage absorbs vibrations.
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992:. No. 67. Smithsonian Institution, United States National Museum.
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Historically, insect collecting has been widespread and was in the
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Collecting and Preserving Insects and Mites: Tools and Techniques
1037:
Ane's Encyclopedic Dictionary of General & Applied Entomology
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Ane's Encyclopedic Dictionary of General & Applied Entomology
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311:
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1087:. His Pictured-key nature series Mt. Pleasant, Ia.,The author
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A hoverfly double-mounted with a minuten pin and a size 3 pin
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1877 illustration showing a variety of collection techniques
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Pictured key nature series Dubuque, Iowa,W. C. Brown Co.
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Pictured key nature series Dubuque, Iowa,W. C. Brown Co.
415:, which are 10–15 millimetres (0.39–0.59 in) long.
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515:) are glued to rectangular pieces of acid free card or
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Active capture of insects often involves using nets.
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Pokémon inspired from creator’s bug collection hobby
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or tweezers, referred to as 'entomological forceps'.
235:
Insects may be passively caught using traps such as
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56:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
685:
1124:Comprehensive, detailed download. Advanced level.
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1468:Conservation and restoration of insect specimens
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716:
708:Directions for collecting and preserving insects
181:. Insect collecting has left traces in European
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934:
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204:
197:)). The practice is particularly common among
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1035:Dhooria, Manjit S. (2009b). "Minuten pins".
1054:Gibb, Timothy J.; Oseto, Christian (2010).
1016:Dhooria, Manjit S. (2009a). "Insect pins".
996:
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739:Gibb, Timothy J; Oseto, Christian (2006).
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997:Denham, Carolyn; Field, Roderick (2014).
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661:Learn how and when to remove this message
116:Learn how and when to remove this message
19:For the scientific study of insects, see
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624:This article includes a list of general
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485:Sciapus nervosus glued to a card point
1552:Insect-related occupations or hobbies
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1039:. Springer Science + Business Media.
1020:. Springer Science + Business Media.
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524:is about as good an adhesive as any.
54:adding citations to reliable sources
25:
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13:
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630:it lacks sufficient corresponding
424:Pinning of entomological specimens
334:Insect pinning label order diagram
14:
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999:Merchant & Mills Sewing Book
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400:for mounting insect specimens.
30:
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41:needs additional citations for
1112:Capture methods and techniques
980:
943:"Pinning and Labeling Insects"
813:
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493:Diptera mounted on card points
366:
185:, literature and songs (e.g.,
1:
1091:Excellent college level guide
606:
154:for scientific study or as a
941:Rondon, Sylvia; Corp, Mary.
146:refers to the collection of
7:
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205:Capture and kill techniques
177:a very popular educational
10:
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778:Department of Entomology.
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18:
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1083:Harry Edwin Jaques, 1941
952:. Oregon State University
904:Common, I. F. B. (1990).
326:Equipment for preparation
253:flight interception traps
1300:Flight interception trap
310:in a vial containing an
195:The Hunt for Butterflies
1458:Bait (luring substance)
1182:Animal trapping methods
1001:. Collins & Brown.
704:Charles Valentine Riley
645:more precise citations.
295:and to collect larvae.
191:La chasse aux papillons
164:natural history museums
910:. BRILL. p. 473.
601:Timeline of entomology
533:
507:. Insects (especially
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1235:Gun-powered mousetrap
1100:Full text online here
1089:Full text online here
880:Gibb & Oseto 2010
837:Gibb & Oseto 2010
728:Full text online here
712:Full text online here
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340:caterpillar inflation
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306:stage, are generally
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209:Further information:
131:
1534:at Wikimedia Commons
1169:Wildlife and animal
318:Storage and curation
314:and water solution.
231:for collecting moths
50:improve this article
1503:Professional hunter
1207:Terrestrial animals
229:Robinson light trap
65:"Insect collecting"
1114:Intermediate level
1094:Hongfu, Zhu, 1949
1058:. Academic Press.
907:Moths of Australia
722:Hongfu, Zhu, 1949
591:Identification key
559:In popular culture
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446:Entomological pins
442:
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404:next most useful.
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289:Leaf litter sieves
272:Aerial insect nets
259:traps such as the
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135:collection at the
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1530:Media related to
1288:and invertebrates
1192:Insect collecting
917:978-90-04-09227-3
882:, pp. 55–56.
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257:ultraviolet light
144:Insect collecting
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39:This article
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1432:Lobster trap
1427:Fishing weir
1305:Malaise trap
1267:Trapping pit
1252:Sherman trap
1247:Pitfall trap
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787:. Retrieved
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285:aquatic nets
281:beating nets
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48:Please help
43:verification
40:
1463:Camera trap
1407:Fish corral
1387:Barrier net
1295:Bottle trap
981:Works cited
643:introducing
596:Killing jar
394:Insect pins
373:Insect pins
367:Insect pins
211:Insect trap
139:, Australia
1557:Collecting
1546:Categories
1483:Booby trap
1417:Fish wheel
1364:Rocket net
1339:Bal-chatri
1257:Timms trap
973:, inshorts
868:Banks 1909
754:0123695457
651:April 2009
626:references
607:References
509:Coleoptera
265:Aspirators
152:arthropods
150:and other
106:March 2018
76:newspapers
21:Entomology
1510:Fur trade
1412:Fish nest
1397:Crab trap
1382:Almadraba
1349:Harp trap
1310:Moth trap
1230:Mousetrap
513:Hemiptera
413:micropins
276:butterfly
1493:Hand net
1478:Trapline
1442:Trabucco
1402:Eel buck
1359:Mist net
1344:Birdlime
1332:and bats
1315:Pan trap
1242:Rat trap
1215:Deadfall
1171:trapping
990:Bulletin
585:See also
581:(1955).
568:creator
417:minutens
201:youths.
199:Japanese
1515:Mantrap
1498:Hunting
1374:Fishing
1286:Insects
956:14 June
923:14 June
706:, 1892
639:improve
565:Pokémon
550:damage.
538:Staging
505:Carding
450:forceps
312:ethanol
237:funnels
148:insects
90:scholar
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304:larval
133:Beetle
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1473:Decoy
1330:Birds
1262:Snare
946:(PDF)
475:Point
308:fixed
251:, or
179:hobby
156:hobby
97:JSTOR
83:books
16:Hobby
1392:Corf
1220:Cage
1060:ISBN
1041:ISBN
1022:ISBN
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958:2022
925:2022
912:ISBN
805:ISBN
791:2019
749:ISBN
542:pith
511:and
283:and
69:news
1122:PDF
469:not
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