481:
31:
335:; and non-flammable and environmentally safe. None of the agents currently in use are ideal, although many have some of the desirable characteristics. For example, sevoflurane is pleasant to inhale and is rapid in onset and offset. It is also safe for all ages. However, it is expensive (approximately 3 to 5 times more expensive than isoflurane), and approximately half as potent as isoflurane.
588:
by
Frobenius): used to feed fowl: “it was taken even by chickens and they fall asleep from it for a while but awaken later without harm”. Subsequently, about 40 years later, in 1581, Giambattista Delia Porta demonstrated the use of ether on humans although it was not employed for any type of surgical
299:
Volatile anaesthetic agents share the property of being liquid at room temperature, but evaporating easily for administration by inhalation. The volatile anesthetics used in the developed world today include: Desflurane, isoflurane and sevoflurane. Other agents widely used in the past include ether,
359:
and is no longer used for safety reasons, although otherwise it was found to be an excellent anaesthetic. Xenon is odorless (odourless) and rapid in onset, but is expensive and requires specialized equipment to administer and monitor. Nitrous oxide, even at 80% concentration, does not quite produce
564:
have not been found to have anaesthetic properties at any pressure. Helium at high pressures produces nervous irritation ("anti-anaesthesia"), suggesting that the anaesthetic mechanism(s) may be operated in reverse by this gas (i.e., nerve membrane compression). Also, some
517:
The full mechanism of action of volatile anaesthetic agents is unknown and has been the subject of intense debate. "Anesthetics have been used for 160 years, and how they work is one of the great mysteries of neuroscience," says anaesthesiologist James Sonner of the
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First non-gaseous inhalational anaesthetics such as ether and chloroform were inhaled from a handkerchief which the liquid was poured on and allowed to evaporate. Concerns about the dosage of chloroform lead to development of various
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is credited with successfully demonstrating surgical anesthesia for the first time on
October 16, 1846, at MGH. Following this event, the use of ether and other volatile anesthetics became widespread in Western medicine.
529:"Most of the injectable anesthetics appear to act on a single molecular target," says Sonner. "It looks like inhaled anesthetics act on multiple molecular targets. That makes it a more difficult problem to pick apart."
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7403:
7307:
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416:(MAC) for nitrogen is not achieved until pressures of about 20 to 30 atm (bar) are attained. Argon is slightly more than twice as anaesthetic as nitrogen per unit of partial pressure (see
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of inhaled anesthetics are compounds that the body produces and that have the properties and similar mode of action of inhaled anesthetics. Among the gases in the human body,
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1731:
327:. It is also cheap to manufacture; easy to transport and store; easy to administer and monitor with standard operating room equipment; stable to light, plastics, metals,
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systems. In addition it is odorless or pleasant to inhale; safe for all ages and in pregnancy; not metabolised; rapid in onset and offset; potent; safe for exposure to
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anaesthetic. Chloroform is a much stronger and effective anaesthetic than ether, it is non-inflammable and it did not irritate the airways, unlike ether.
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Although some of these are still used in clinical practice and in research, the following anaesthetic agents are primarily of historical interest in
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in the lung showed a dramatic increase oxygenation of the brain disproving the anoxia argument. Prior to the development of modern anesthetics,
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anesthetics used in clinical practice. These agents are colour-coded for safety purposes. Note the special fitting for desflurane, which
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in particular (even at 10 to 15 bar) suggests that the mechanism of action of volatile anaesthetics is an effect best described by
17:
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4708:
1088:"The effects of carbon dioxide anesthesia and anoxia on rapid cold-hardening and chill coma recovery in Drosophila melanogaster"
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John Travis, "Comfortably Numb, Anesthetics are slowly giving up the secrets of how they work," Science News. (July 3rd 2004).
522:, San Francisco. Anaesthesia research "has been for a long time a science of untestable hypotheses," notes Neil L. Harrison of
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action. However, the agent may bind to a receptor with a weak interaction. A physical interaction such as swelling of
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1228:. Anaesthesiologie und Intensivmedizin / Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine. Vol. 188. pp. 87–92.
59:
1692:
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developed an inhalational anaesthetic in 1540. He used sweet oil of vitriol (prepared by
Valerius Cordus and named
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597:
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used nitrous oxide for his own dental extraction in 1844. However his attempt to replicate these results at
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Parts of this article (those related to
Important research from Scripps Research misses here.) need to be
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chloroform, enflurane, halothane, methoxyflurane. All of these agents share the property of being quite
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was used extensively by psychiatrists in a treatment called carbon dioxide inhalation therapy.
420:). Xenon however is a usable anaesthetic at 80% concentration and normal atmospheric pressure.
91:
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Other gases or vapors which produce general anaesthesia by inhalation include nitrous oxide,
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The ideal volatile anaesthetic agent offers smooth and reliable induction and maintenance of
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573:) also possess this "anti-anaesthetic" effect, providing further evidence for this theory.
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Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.
74:
properties that is delivered via inhalation. They are administered through a face mask,
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1981:
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878:"Effect of brief, repeated hyperbaric exposures on susceptibility to nitrogen narcosis"
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Moriarty, John D. (April 1954). "Evaluation of Carbon
Dioxide Inhalation Therapy".
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anesthesia was first demonstrated to the king of france in the early 1800s by
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2016:
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Moriarty, John D. (1954). "Evaluation of Carbon
Dioxide Inhalation Therapy".
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994:
Burov, NE; Kornienko, Liu; Makeev, GN; Potapov, VN (November–December 1999).
893:
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Nilson, Theresa L.; Sinclair, Brent J.; Roberts, Stephen P. (October 2006).
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2111:
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1961:
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1941:
1911:
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is among the most abundant and produces anesthesia from insects to humans.
405:
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2006:
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1878:
1802:
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1549:
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1516:
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691:
364:, so it must be used as an adjunct anaesthetic, along with other agents.
305:
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143:
99:
35:
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4774:
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4713:
4703:
4693:
4673:
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4623:
4583:
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4558:
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4473:
4262:
4214:
4209:
4127:
4122:
4028:
3999:
3995:
3904:
3869:
3814:
3804:
3764:
3697:
3525:
3490:
3455:
3450:
3404:
3394:
3323:
3284:
3244:
3229:
3209:
3199:
3138:
3133:
3123:
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2817:
2787:
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2719:
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1323:
649:
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404:(more than about 4 bar, encountered at depths below about 30 metres in
324:
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273:
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177:
133:
128:
103:
95:
47:
39:
308:
with water, and as gases they dissolve in oils better than in water).
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4764:
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4568:
4563:
4553:
4543:
4518:
4446:
4408:
Tooltip α-Amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor
4252:
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2146:
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2011:
2001:
1966:
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1539:
1511:
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570:
453:
was thought to work through anoxia, but in the early 1900, increased
389:
332:
288:
278:
235:
217:
212:
202:
167:
43:
610:
After the experiments and publications by the
Scottish obstetrician
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4992:
4890:
4698:
4309:
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1534:
1506:
1435:
1425:
1348:
553:
385:
377:
283:
207:
1224:
Terrell, RC (1986). "Future
Development of Volatile Anesthetics".
1029:"A hypothesis about the endogenous analogue of general anesthesia"
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6704:
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6354:
6200:
6190:
6170:
6125:
5611:
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4005:
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1807:
1417:
643:
600:(MGH) resulted in a partial anesthetic and was deemed a failure.
397:
30:
7327:
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6944:
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6898:
6791:
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4189:
4152:
3774:
3727:
3598:
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3540:
3224:
3022:
1526:
557:
90:. Agents of significant contemporary clinical interest include
27:
Volatile or gaseous anesthetic compound delivered by inhalation
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7373:
7302:
7274:
7197:
7106:
7093:
7014:
7004:
6873:
6863:
6662:
6605:
6225:
5650:
5441:
5167:
4977:
4503:
4493:
3550:
1398:
826:"Effects of inert gas narcosis on behavior—a critical review"
533:
393:
148:
111:
51:
4390:
7363:
7009:
6868:
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6657:
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5152:
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4678:
4643:
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561:
408:), nitrogen begins to act as an anaesthetic agent, causing
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117:
7345:
7246:
7174:
7070:
6921:
6763:
6577:
6463:
5356:
875:
678:
Tamburro CH (1978). "Health effects of vinyl chloride".
5648:
Uncompetitive pore blockers (mostly dizocilpine site):
1739:
946:"Nitrogen narcosis attenuates shivering thermogenesis"
400:, and xenon become anaesthetics. When inhaled at high
5054:
1085:
996:"Clinical and experimental study of xenon anesthesia"
943:
470:
4347:
4292:Unsorted benzodiazepine site positive modulators:
944:Mekjavic, I. B.; Savic, S. A.; Eiken, O. (1995).
753:
7463:
1198:
844:. Archived from the original on October 26, 2008
754:Clar, D. T.; Patel, S.; Richards, J. R. (2022).
532:The possibility of anaesthesia by the inert gas
1033:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
347:, cyclopropane, and xenon. These are stored in
5306:
5291:
1301:
106:, as well as certain anesthetic gases such as
7477:GABAA receptor positive allosteric modulators
6427:
4376:
1725:
1287:
1219:
1217:
1215:
1213:
360:surgical level anaesthesia in most people at
776:
1741:
698:
6434:
6420:
6393:Metabotropic glutamate receptor modulators
4383:
4369:
1732:
1718:
1294:
1280:
1210:
912:. Archived from the original on 2009-09-01
824:Fowler, B; Ackles, KN; Porlier, G (1985).
707:"Anesthesia; narcosis with vinyl chloride"
355:, rather than vaporisers. Cyclopropane is
7446:Glutamate metabolism/transport modulators
7353:Tooltip Metabotropic glutamate receptor 8
7254:Tooltip Metabotropic glutamate receptor 7
7182:Tooltip Metabotropic glutamate receptor 6
7078:Tooltip Metabotropic glutamate receptor 4
6929:Tooltip Metabotropic glutamate receptor 3
6771:Tooltip Metabotropic glutamate receptor 2
6585:Tooltip Metabotropic glutamate receptor 5
6471:Tooltip Metabotropic glutamate receptor 1
6400:Glutamate metabolism/transport modulators
1111:
1062:
1052:
722:
704:
671:
367:
154:
7442:Ionotropic glutamate receptor modulators
4812:
1169:
1134:
987:
677:
294:
257:
122:
29:
1223:
423:
304:(i.e., as liquids, they are not freely
118:List of inhalational anaesthetic agents
14:
7464:
6123:Alcohols/volatile anesthetics/related:
1027:Lerner, Richard A. (9 December 1997).
1026:
513:Theories of general anaesthetic action
6415:
5279:Other positive allosteric modulators:
5059:Tooltip N-Methyl-D-aspartate receptor
4364:
4346:
1713:
1275:
680:Texas Reports on Biology and Medicine
552:may be operative. Notably, the gases
226:WHO Model List of Essential Medicines
4333:GABA metabolism/transport modulators
1252:Literary Guild of America, New York.
474:
6985:Pomaglumetad methionil (LY-2140023)
6837:Pomaglumetad methionil (LY-2140023)
6020:Ifenprodil (NR2B) site antagonists:
3950:Trichloroethane (methyl chloroform)
876:Rogers, W. H.; Moeller, G. (1989).
548:membranes from gas solution in the
315:with minimal effects on non-target
24:
4584:Pesampator (BIIB-104, PF-04958242)
3013:11-Methoxy-12-hydroxydehydrokavain
70:is a chemical compound possessing
25:
7493:
3760:Acetylglycinamide chloral hydrate
724:10.1097/00000542-194707000-00003
479:
7381:Positive allosteric modulators:
7332:Negative allosteric modulators:
7121:Positive allosteric modulators:
7039:Negative allosteric modulators:
6903:Negative allosteric modulators:
6846:Positive allosteric modulators:
6702:Negative allosteric modulators:
6645:Positive allosteric modulators:
6443:Metabotropic glutamate receptor
6060:Rislenemdaz (CERC-301, MK-0657)
5007:Negative allosteric modulators:
4895:Positive allosteric modulators:
4718:Negative allosteric modulators:
4471:Positive allosteric modulators:
4180:Menthyl isovalerate (validolum)
1255:
1163:
1128:
1079:
777:Loscar, M.; Conzen, P. (2004).
705:Oster RH, Carr CJ (July 1947).
471:Neurological theories of action
5296:Tooltip Dehydroepiandrosterone
4604:Tulrampator (S-47445, CX-1632)
4499:Farampator (CX-691, ORG-24448)
3129:Allopregnanolone (brexanolone)
1172:American Journal of Psychiatry
1137:American Journal of Psychiatry
1104:10.1016/j.jinsphys.2006.07.001
1020:
937:
869:
817:
770:
747:
646:, chloroform and diethyl ether
598:Massachusetts General Hospital
414:minimum alveolar concentration
13:
1:
7438:Receptor/signaling modulators
6386:Receptor/signaling modulators
6235:Unknown/unsorted antagonists:
4799:Unknown/unsorted antagonists:
4392:Ionotropic glutamate receptor
4325:Receptor/signaling modulators
2881:Ampelopsin (dihydromyricetin)
1248:citing Fülöp-Miller R (1938)
950:Journal of Applied Physiology
665:
362:standard atmospheric pressure
173:Chloroethane (ethyl chloride)
4075:ergoloid (dihydroergotoxine)
3160:anabolic-androgenic steroids
1942:Butabarbital/Secbutabarbital
1747:receptor positive modulators
1234:10.1007/978-3-642-71269-2_12
1092:Journal of Insect Physiology
962:10.1152/jappl.1995.78.6.2241
618:became the first widespread
234:(still used currently as an
7:
6084:NR2A-selective antagonists:
5616:Polyamine site antagonists:
4841:Acromelic acid (acromelate)
4427:Acromelic acid (acromelate)
2715:Triflunordazepam (Ro5-2904)
633:
10:
7498:
4524:Hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ)
3043:5,6,7,8-Tetrahydroyangonin
576:
510:
220:(still widely used in the
94:anesthetic agents such as
88:anesthetic delivery system
7482:NMDA receptor antagonists
7431:
7343:
7244:
7172:
7068:
7059:
6970:LY-404,039 (pomaglumetad)
6919:
6817:LY-404,039 (pomaglumetad)
6761:
6752:
6575:
6461:
6452:
6377:
5466:Glycine site antagonists:
5052:
4810:
4401:
4358:
4318:
3968:
3736:
3673:
3640:
3607:
3579:
3293:
3235:Pregnanolone (eltanolone)
3114:
3071:
2982:
2954:
2866:
2748:
2190:
1877:
1778:Chlorobutanol (cloretone)
1753:
1670:
1645:
1617:
1584:
1525:
1492:
1444:
1416:
1407:
1314:
929:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
861:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
795:10.1007/s00101-003-0632-6
50:, the common fluorinated
6849:JNJ-40411813 (ADX-71149)
5354:Competitive antagonists:
5262:Polyamine site agonists:
5248:Neboglamine (nebostinel)
4817:Tooltip Kainate receptor
4329:GABA receptor modulators
4239:sulfonmethane (sulfonal)
1054:10.1073/pnas.94.25.13375
592:In modern medicine, Dr.
520:University of California
338:
18:Inhalational anaesthetic
6336:Pentamidine isethionate
6080:Traxoprodil (CP-101606)
5319:Epipregnanolone sulfate
1263:"History of Anesthesia"
384:), other gases such as
351:and administered using
68:inhalational anesthetic
6366:Allosteric modulators:
6301:Ipenoxazone (MLV-6976)
5956:Pethidine (meperidine)
5577:Licostinel (ACEA-1021)
5499:Apimostinel (NRX-1074)
5163:Apimostinel (NRX-1074)
5131:Glycine site agonists:
4963:Licostinel (ACEA-1021)
4674:Licostinel (ACEA-1021)
4559:Mibampator (LY-451395)
4215:Retigabine (ezogabine)
3491:Lirequinil (Ro41-3696)
3058:7,8-Dihydromethysticin
3048:5,6-Dehydromethysticin
1927:Benzylbutylbarbiturate
1184:10.1176/ajp.110.10.765
1149:10.1176/ajp.110.10.765
779:"Volatile anesthetics"
368:Hyperbaric anaesthesia
323:staff; and has a long
155:Previously-used agents
63:
6035:CO-101244 (PD-174494)
5751:Delucemine (NPS-1506)
5701:Alazocine (SKF-10047)
1000:Anesteziol Reanimatol
295:Volatile anaesthetics
258:Never-marketed agents
123:Currently-used agents
76:laryngeal mask airway
33:
6055:Radiprodil (RGH-896)
6030:Buphenine (nylidrin)
5607:Rapastinel (GLYX-13)
5422:Midafotel (d-CPPene)
5329:Pregnenolone sulfate
5253:Rapastinel (GLYX-13)
5044:Pregnenolone sulfate
4785:Pregnenolone sulfate
4270:constituents (e.g.,
4054:Deuterated etifoxine
3116:Neuroactive steroids
3086:Apronal (apronalide)
2938:constituents (e.g.,
2555:N-Desalkylflurazepam
1619:Neuroactive steroids
1586:Arylcyclohexylamines
882:Undersea Biomed. Res
830:Undersea Biomed. Res
655:Concentration effect
424:Endogenous analogous
382:atmospheric pressure
84:anesthetic vaporiser
7472:General anesthetics
5286:-Hydroxycholesterol
5097:Homoquinolinic acid
5070:Main site agonists:
4828:Main site agonists:
4422:5-Fluorowillardiine
4419:Main site agonists:
4063:dihydroergocryptine
3375:Pyrazolopyrimidines
3033:5,6-Dihydroyangonin
3018:7,8-Dihydroyangonin
2205:3-Hydroxyphenazepam
2047:Methylphenobarbital
1303:General anesthetics
1045:1997PNAS...9413375L
1039:(25): 13375–13377.
612:James Young Simpson
604:William T.G. Morton
313:general anaesthesia
161:developed countries
5634:Diethylenetriamine
5313:prasterone sulfate
5088:Homocysteic acid (
4831:5-Bromowillardiine
4349:Glutamate receptor
4157:4-O-methylhonokiol
3820:Dichloralphenazone
3718:Methylmethaqualone
3295:Nonbenzodiazepines
3008:Desmethoxyyangonin
3003:11-Hydroxyyangonin
2998:11-Methoxyyangonin
2993:10-Methoxyyangonin
2380:Ethyl carfluzepate
1982:Cyclopentobarbital
1697:Never to phase III
1250:Triumph over pain.
756:"Anesthetic Gases"
686:: 126–44, 146–51.
567:halogenated ethers
538:physical chemistry
524:Cornell University
444:Henry Hill Hickman
429:Endogenous analogs
72:general anesthetic
64:
7459:
7458:
7453:
7452:
7427:
7426:
7376:
7277:
7200:
7096:
7055:
7054:
6748:
6747:
6409:
6408:
6260:
6216:Trichloroethylene
6161:Ethanol (alcohol)
5526:
5469:4-Cl-KYN (AV-101)
5237:
5229:
5196:
5188:
5180:
5137:
5122:Tetrazolylglycine
5091:
5029:Ethanol (alcohol)
5018:sodium thiopental
4836:5-Iodowillardiine
4745:Ethanol (alcohol)
4729:sodium thiopental
4340:
4339:
4300:MRK-409 (MK-0343)
4071:dihydroergotamine
4014:potassium bromide
4008:compounds (e.g.,
3955:Trichloroethylene
3723:Nitromethaqualone
3642:Pyrazolopyridines
3144:3α-Androstanediol
3038:7,8-Dihydrokavain
2390:Ethyl loflazepate
2167:Thiotetrabarbital
1783:Ethanol (alcohol)
1707:
1706:
1666:
1665:
1484:Thiotetrabarbital
1389:Trichloroethylene
1243:978-3-642-71269-2
1098:(10): 1027–1033.
660:Second gas effect
509:
508:
410:nitrogen narcosis
402:partial pressures
247:Trichloroethylene
16:(Redirected from
7489:
7374:
7354:
7350:
7275:
7255:
7251:
7198:
7183:
7179:
7094:
7079:
7075:
7066:
7065:
6930:
6926:
6772:
6768:
6759:
6758:
6586:
6582:
6472:
6468:
6459:
6458:
6436:
6429:
6422:
6413:
6412:
6258:
6211:Trichloroethanol
5771:Dextromethorphan
5524:
5308:
5297:
5293:
5235:
5227:
5194:
5186:
5178:
5135:
5089:
5060:
5056:
4818:
4814:
4649:Fanapanel (MPQX)
4409:
4405:
4385:
4378:
4371:
4362:
4361:
4344:
4343:
4059:Dihydroergolines
3976:3-Hydroxybutanal
3609:Piperidinediones
3342:Imidazopyridines
2876:6-Methylapigenin
2808:Hydroxyphenamate
2680:SH-053-R-CH3-2′F
2385:Ethyl dirazepate
2265:Chlordiazepoxide
2157:Thiobutabarbital
1869:Trifluoroethanol
1859:Trichloroethanol
1849:-Pentanol (2M2B)
1743:
1734:
1727:
1720:
1711:
1710:
1414:
1413:
1296:
1289:
1282:
1273:
1272:
1267:
1266:
1259:
1253:
1247:
1221:
1208:
1202:
1196:
1195:
1167:
1161:
1160:
1132:
1126:
1125:
1115:
1083:
1077:
1076:
1066:
1056:
1024:
1018:
1017:
1015:
1014:
991:
985:
984:
982:
981:
972:. Archived from
956:(6): 2241–2244.
941:
935:
934:
928:
920:
918:
917:
873:
867:
866:
860:
852:
850:
849:
821:
815:
814:
783:Der Anaesthesist
774:
768:
767:
751:
745:
744:
726:
702:
696:
695:
675:
542:chemical bonding
504:
501:
495:
483:
482:
475:
466:
459:
452:
441:
222:developing world
82:connected to an
60:room temperature
21:
7497:
7496:
7492:
7491:
7490:
7488:
7487:
7486:
7462:
7461:
7460:
7455:
7454:
7449:
7423:
7352:
7349:
7339:
7253:
7250:
7240:
7181:
7178:
7168:
7077:
7074:
7051:
6928:
6925:
6915:
6770:
6767:
6744:
6636:Quisqualic acid
6584:
6581:
6571:
6502:Quisqualic acid
6470:
6467:
6448:
6440:
6410:
6405:
6373:
6271:Flufenamic acid
6206:Trichloroethane
5981:Rhynchophylline
5901:Methoxphenidine
5866:Levomilnacipran
5766:Dextromethadone
5691:α-Endopsychosin
5295:
5207:Dimethylglycine
5117:Quinolinic acid
5058:
5048:
4886:Quisqualic acid
4816:
4806:
4462:Quisqualic acid
4407:
4397:
4389:
4354:
4341:
4336:
4314:
4272:isovaleric acid
4235:Sulfonylalkanes
4133:Hopantenic acid
4117:tolfenamic acid
4105:flufenamic acid
4067:dihydroergosine
4010:lithium bromide
3969:Others/unsorted
3964:
3825:Dichloromethane
3800:Chloral hydrate
3795:Chloral betaine
3732:
3669:
3636:
3603:
3575:
3304:Cyclopyrrolones
3289:
3195:Etiocholanolone
3110:
3067:
3028:5-Hydroxykavain
2978:
2950:
2862:
2744:
2192:Benzodiazepines
2186:
1997:Ethallobarbital
1992:Enallylpropymal
1873:
1854:Tribromoethanol
1841:-Butanol (2M2P)
1787:alcoholic drink
1749:
1746:
1738:
1708:
1703:
1702:
1687:Clinical trials
1662:
1641:
1613:
1580:
1521:
1494:Benzodiazepines
1488:
1440:
1403:
1310:
1300:
1270:
1261:
1260:
1256:
1244:
1222:
1211:
1203:
1199:
1178:(10): 765–769.
1168:
1164:
1143:(10): 765–769.
1133:
1129:
1084:
1080:
1025:
1021:
1012:
1010:
992:
988:
979:
977:
942:
938:
922:
921:
915:
913:
874:
870:
854:
853:
847:
845:
822:
818:
775:
771:
752:
748:
703:
699:
676:
672:
668:
642:- a mixture of
636:
579:
515:
505:
499:
496:
493:
484:
480:
473:
465:
461:
458:
454:
451:
447:
440:
436:
426:
412:. However, the
370:
341:
297:
260:
157:
125:
120:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
7495:
7485:
7484:
7479:
7474:
7457:
7456:
7451:
7450:
7432:
7429:
7428:
7425:
7424:
7422:
7421:
7416:
7411:
7406:
7401:
7396:
7387:
7386:
7371:
7366:
7357:
7355:
7347:
7341:
7340:
7338:
7337:
7325:
7320:
7315:
7310:
7305:
7300:
7295:
7286:
7285:
7280:
7272:
7267:
7258:
7256:
7248:
7242:
7241:
7239:
7238:
7233:
7228:
7223:
7218:
7213:
7204:
7203:
7195:
7186:
7184:
7176:
7170:
7169:
7167:
7166:
7161:
7156:
7151:
7146:
7141:
7132:
7131:
7126:
7114:
7109:
7104:
7099:
7091:
7082:
7080:
7072:
7063:
7057:
7056:
7053:
7052:
7050:
7049:
7044:
7032:
7027:
7022:
7017:
7012:
7007:
7002:
6993:
6992:
6987:
6982:
6977:
6972:
6967:
6962:
6957:
6952:
6947:
6942:
6933:
6931:
6923:
6917:
6916:
6914:
6913:
6908:
6896:
6891:
6886:
6881:
6876:
6871:
6866:
6861:
6852:
6851:
6839:
6834:
6829:
6824:
6819:
6814:
6809:
6804:
6799:
6794:
6789:
6784:
6775:
6773:
6765:
6756:
6750:
6749:
6746:
6745:
6743:
6742:
6737:
6732:
6727:
6722:
6717:
6712:
6707:
6695:
6690:
6685:
6680:
6675:
6670:
6665:
6660:
6651:
6650:
6638:
6633:
6628:
6623:
6618:
6613:
6608:
6603:
6598:
6589:
6587:
6579:
6573:
6572:
6570:
6569:
6564:
6559:
6554:
6549:
6544:
6539:
6530:
6529:
6524:
6519:
6514:
6509:
6504:
6499:
6494:
6489:
6484:
6475:
6473:
6465:
6456:
6450:
6449:
6439:
6438:
6431:
6424:
6416:
6407:
6406:
6404:
6403:
6396:
6389:
6378:
6375:
6374:
6372:
6371:
6359:
6358:
6348:
6343:
6338:
6333:
6328:
6323:
6318:
6313:
6308:
6303:
6298:
6293:
6288:
6283:
6278:
6273:
6268:
6263:
6255:
6250:
6245:
6240:
6228:
6223:
6218:
6213:
6208:
6203:
6198:
6193:
6188:
6183:
6181:Methoxyflurane
6178:
6173:
6168:
6163:
6158:
6153:
6148:
6143:
6138:
6133:
6128:
6116:
6111:
6099:
6094:
6089:
6077:
6072:
6067:
6062:
6057:
6052:
6047:
6042:
6037:
6032:
6027:
6022:
6013:
6008:
6003:
5998:
5993:
5988:
5983:
5978:
5973:
5968:
5963:
5958:
5953:
5948:
5943:
5938:
5933:
5928:
5926:Nitromemantine
5923:
5918:
5913:
5908:
5903:
5898:
5893:
5888:
5883:
5878:
5873:
5868:
5863:
5861:Levomethorphan
5858:
5853:
5848:
5843:
5838:
5833:
5828:
5823:
5818:
5813:
5808:
5803:
5798:
5793:
5788:
5783:
5781:Dieticyclidine
5778:
5773:
5768:
5763:
5761:Dextrallorphan
5758:
5753:
5748:
5743:
5738:
5733:
5728:
5723:
5718:
5716:Argiotoxin-636
5713:
5708:
5703:
5698:
5693:
5688:
5683:
5678:
5673:
5668:
5663:
5658:
5653:
5641:
5636:
5631:
5629:Diaminopropane
5626:
5621:
5609:
5604:
5599:
5594:
5589:
5584:
5579:
5574:
5569:
5564:
5559:
5557:Kynurenic acid
5554:
5549:
5544:
5539:
5534:
5529:
5521:
5516:
5511:
5506:
5501:
5496:
5491:
5486:
5481:
5476:
5471:
5459:
5454:
5449:
5444:
5439:
5434:
5429:
5424:
5419:
5414:
5409:
5404:
5399:
5394:
5389:
5384:
5379:
5374:
5369:
5364:
5359:
5347:
5346:
5341:
5336:
5331:
5326:
5321:
5316:
5303:
5288:
5272:
5267:
5255:
5250:
5245:
5240:
5232:
5224:
5219:
5214:
5209:
5204:
5199:
5191:
5183:
5175:
5170:
5165:
5160:
5155:
5150:
5145:
5140:
5124:
5119:
5114:
5109:
5104:
5099:
5094:
5085:
5080:
5075:
5063:
5061:
5050:
5049:
5047:
5046:
5041:
5036:
5031:
5026:
5021:
5000:
4995:
4990:
4985:
4980:
4975:
4970:
4965:
4960:
4958:Kynurenic acid
4955:
4950:
4945:
4940:
4935:
4930:
4921:
4920:
4915:
4910:
4905:
4900:
4888:
4883:
4878:
4873:
4868:
4863:
4858:
4853:
4848:
4843:
4838:
4833:
4821:
4819:
4808:
4807:
4805:
4804:
4792:
4787:
4782:
4777:
4772:
4767:
4762:
4757:
4752:
4747:
4742:
4737:
4732:
4711:
4706:
4701:
4696:
4691:
4686:
4681:
4676:
4671:
4666:
4664:Kynurenic acid
4661:
4656:
4651:
4646:
4641:
4636:
4631:
4626:
4621:
4616:
4607:
4606:
4601:
4596:
4591:
4586:
4581:
4576:
4571:
4566:
4561:
4556:
4551:
4546:
4541:
4536:
4531:
4526:
4521:
4516:
4511:
4506:
4501:
4496:
4491:
4486:
4481:
4476:
4464:
4459:
4454:
4449:
4444:
4439:
4434:
4429:
4424:
4412:
4410:
4399:
4398:
4388:
4387:
4380:
4373:
4365:
4359:
4356:
4355:
4338:
4337:
4319:
4316:
4315:
4313:
4312:
4307:
4302:
4297:
4288:
4287:
4280:valerenic acid
4265:
4260:
4250:
4232:
4227:
4222:
4217:
4212:
4207:
4202:
4197:
4192:
4187:
4182:
4177:
4172:
4150:
4145:
4140:
4135:
4130:
4125:
4120:
4109:mefenamic acid
4098:
4093:
4088:
4083:
4078:
4056:
4051:
4046:
4041:
4036:
4031:
4026:
4021:
4018:sodium bromide
4003:
3993:
3988:
3983:
3978:
3972:
3970:
3966:
3965:
3963:
3962:
3957:
3952:
3947:
3942:
3937:
3932:
3927:
3922:
3917:
3912:
3907:
3902:
3897:
3892:
3887:
3885:Methoxypropane
3882:
3880:Methoxyflurane
3877:
3872:
3867:
3862:
3857:
3852:
3847:
3842:
3840:Ethyl chloride
3837:
3832:
3827:
3822:
3817:
3812:
3807:
3802:
3797:
3792:
3787:
3782:
3777:
3772:
3767:
3762:
3757:
3752:
3746:
3744:
3734:
3733:
3731:
3730:
3725:
3720:
3715:
3710:
3705:
3700:
3695:
3690:
3685:
3679:
3677:
3675:Quinazolinones
3671:
3670:
3668:
3667:
3662:
3657:
3652:
3646:
3644:
3638:
3637:
3635:
3634:
3629:
3624:
3619:
3613:
3611:
3605:
3604:
3602:
3601:
3596:
3591:
3585:
3583:
3577:
3576:
3574:
3573:
3568:
3563:
3558:
3553:
3548:
3543:
3538:
3533:
3528:
3523:
3518:
3513:
3508:
3503:
3498:
3493:
3488:
3483:
3478:
3473:
3468:
3463:
3458:
3453:
3448:
3443:
3438:
3433:
3428:
3418:
3417:
3412:
3407:
3402:
3397:
3392:
3387:
3382:
3370:
3369:
3364:
3359:
3354:
3349:
3337:
3336:
3331:
3326:
3321:
3316:
3311:
3299:
3297:
3291:
3290:
3288:
3287:
3282:
3277:
3272:
3267:
3262:
3257:
3252:
3247:
3242:
3237:
3232:
3227:
3222:
3217:
3212:
3207:
3202:
3197:
3192:
3187:
3182:
3177:
3172:
3167:
3162:
3156:
3151:
3146:
3141:
3136:
3131:
3126:
3120:
3118:
3112:
3111:
3109:
3108:
3103:
3098:
3093:
3088:
3083:
3077:
3075:
3069:
3068:
3066:
3065:
3060:
3055:
3050:
3045:
3040:
3035:
3030:
3025:
3020:
3015:
3010:
3005:
3000:
2995:
2989:
2987:
2980:
2979:
2977:
2976:
2971:
2966:
2960:
2958:
2952:
2951:
2949:
2948:
2943:
2933:
2928:
2923:
2918:
2913:
2908:
2903:
2898:
2893:
2888:
2883:
2878:
2872:
2870:
2864:
2863:
2861:
2860:
2855:
2850:
2845:
2840:
2835:
2830:
2825:
2820:
2815:
2810:
2805:
2800:
2795:
2790:
2785:
2780:
2775:
2770:
2765:
2760:
2754:
2752:
2746:
2745:
2743:
2742:
2737:
2732:
2727:
2722:
2717:
2712:
2707:
2702:
2697:
2692:
2687:
2682:
2677:
2672:
2667:
2662:
2657:
2652:
2647:
2642:
2637:
2632:
2627:
2622:
2617:
2612:
2607:
2602:
2597:
2592:
2587:
2582:
2577:
2572:
2567:
2562:
2557:
2552:
2547:
2542:
2537:
2532:
2527:
2522:
2517:
2512:
2507:
2502:
2497:
2492:
2487:
2482:
2477:
2472:
2467:
2462:
2457:
2452:
2447:
2442:
2437:
2432:
2427:
2422:
2417:
2412:
2407:
2402:
2397:
2392:
2387:
2382:
2377:
2372:
2367:
2362:
2357:
2352:
2347:
2342:
2337:
2332:
2327:
2322:
2317:
2312:
2307:
2302:
2297:
2292:
2287:
2282:
2277:
2272:
2267:
2262:
2257:
2252:
2247:
2242:
2237:
2232:
2227:
2222:
2217:
2212:
2207:
2202:
2196:
2194:
2188:
2187:
2185:
2184:
2179:
2174:
2169:
2164:
2159:
2154:
2149:
2144:
2139:
2134:
2129:
2124:
2119:
2114:
2109:
2104:
2099:
2097:Propylbarbital
2094:
2089:
2084:
2079:
2074:
2069:
2064:
2059:
2054:
2049:
2044:
2039:
2034:
2029:
2024:
2019:
2014:
2009:
2004:
1999:
1994:
1989:
1984:
1979:
1974:
1972:Crotylbarbital
1969:
1964:
1959:
1954:
1949:
1944:
1939:
1937:Brophebarbital
1934:
1932:Brallobarbital
1929:
1924:
1919:
1914:
1909:
1904:
1899:
1894:
1889:
1883:
1881:
1875:
1874:
1872:
1871:
1866:
1861:
1856:
1851:
1843:
1835:
1830:
1825:
1820:
1818:Methylpentynol
1815:
1810:
1805:
1800:
1795:
1790:
1780:
1775:
1770:
1765:
1759:
1757:
1751:
1750:
1744:
1737:
1736:
1729:
1722:
1714:
1705:
1704:
1701:
1700:
1699:
1698:
1695:
1684:
1678:
1672:
1671:
1668:
1667:
1664:
1663:
1661:
1660:
1655:
1649:
1647:
1643:
1642:
1640:
1639:
1634:
1629:
1623:
1621:
1615:
1614:
1612:
1611:
1606:
1601:
1596:
1590:
1588:
1582:
1581:
1579:
1578:
1573:
1567:
1562:
1557:
1552:
1547:
1542:
1537:
1531:
1529:
1523:
1522:
1520:
1519:
1514:
1509:
1504:
1498:
1496:
1490:
1489:
1487:
1486:
1481:
1476:
1471:
1466:
1461:
1456:
1450:
1448:
1442:
1441:
1439:
1438:
1433:
1428:
1422:
1420:
1411:
1405:
1404:
1402:
1401:
1396:
1391:
1386:
1381:
1376:
1374:Methoxypropane
1371:
1369:Methoxyflurane
1366:
1361:
1356:
1351:
1346:
1341:
1336:
1331:
1326:
1320:
1318:
1312:
1311:
1299:
1298:
1291:
1284:
1276:
1269:
1268:
1254:
1242:
1209:
1197:
1162:
1127:
1078:
1019:
986:
936:
868:
836:(4): 369–402.
816:
789:(2): 183–198.
769:
758:. StatPearls.
746:
711:Anesthesiology
697:
669:
667:
664:
663:
662:
657:
652:
647:
640:A.C.E. mixture
635:
632:
614:in late 1847,
578:
575:
511:Main article:
507:
506:
487:
485:
478:
472:
469:
463:
456:
449:
438:
433:carbon dioxide
425:
422:
369:
366:
345:carbon dioxide
340:
337:
321:operating room
296:
293:
292:
291:
286:
281:
276:
271:
266:
259:
256:
255:
254:
252:Vinyl chloride
249:
244:
242:Methoxypropane
239:
232:Methoxyflurane
229:
224:and is on the
215:
210:
205:
200:
195:
190:
185:
180:
175:
170:
156:
153:
152:
151:
146:
141:
136:
131:
124:
121:
119:
116:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
7494:
7483:
7480:
7478:
7475:
7473:
7470:
7469:
7467:
7448:
7447:
7443:
7439:
7436:
7430:
7420:
7417:
7415:
7412:
7410:
7407:
7405:
7402:
7400:
7397:
7395:
7392:
7389:
7388:
7385:
7382:
7378:
7372:
7370:
7367:
7365:
7362:
7359:
7358:
7356:
7351:
7342:
7336:
7333:
7329:
7326:
7324:
7321:
7319:
7316:
7314:
7311:
7309:
7306:
7304:
7301:
7299:
7296:
7294:
7291:
7288:
7287:
7284:
7281:
7279:
7273:
7271:
7268:
7266:
7263:
7260:
7259:
7257:
7252:
7243:
7237:
7234:
7232:
7229:
7227:
7224:
7222:
7219:
7217:
7214:
7212:
7209:
7206:
7205:
7202:
7196:
7194:
7191:
7188:
7187:
7185:
7180:
7171:
7165:
7162:
7160:
7157:
7155:
7152:
7150:
7147:
7145:
7142:
7140:
7137:
7134:
7133:
7130:
7127:
7125:
7122:
7118:
7115:
7113:
7110:
7108:
7105:
7103:
7100:
7098:
7092:
7090:
7087:
7084:
7083:
7081:
7076:
7067:
7064:
7062:
7058:
7048:
7045:
7043:
7040:
7036:
7033:
7031:
7028:
7026:
7023:
7021:
7018:
7016:
7013:
7011:
7008:
7006:
7003:
7001:
6998:
6995:
6994:
6991:
6988:
6986:
6983:
6981:
6978:
6976:
6973:
6971:
6968:
6966:
6963:
6961:
6960:Ibotenic acid
6958:
6956:
6953:
6951:
6948:
6946:
6943:
6941:
6938:
6935:
6934:
6932:
6927:
6918:
6912:
6909:
6907:
6904:
6900:
6897:
6895:
6892:
6890:
6887:
6885:
6882:
6880:
6877:
6875:
6872:
6870:
6867:
6865:
6862:
6860:
6857:
6854:
6853:
6850:
6847:
6843:
6840:
6838:
6835:
6833:
6830:
6828:
6825:
6823:
6820:
6818:
6815:
6813:
6810:
6808:
6807:Ibotenic acid
6805:
6803:
6800:
6798:
6795:
6793:
6790:
6788:
6785:
6783:
6780:
6777:
6776:
6774:
6769:
6760:
6757:
6755:
6751:
6741:
6738:
6736:
6733:
6731:
6728:
6726:
6723:
6721:
6718:
6716:
6713:
6711:
6708:
6706:
6703:
6699:
6696:
6694:
6691:
6689:
6686:
6684:
6681:
6679:
6676:
6674:
6671:
6669:
6666:
6664:
6661:
6659:
6656:
6653:
6652:
6649:
6646:
6642:
6639:
6637:
6634:
6632:
6631:Ibotenic acid
6629:
6627:
6624:
6622:
6619:
6617:
6614:
6612:
6609:
6607:
6604:
6602:
6599:
6597:
6594:
6591:
6590:
6588:
6583:
6574:
6568:
6565:
6563:
6560:
6558:
6555:
6553:
6550:
6548:
6547:Cyclothiazide
6545:
6543:
6540:
6538:
6535:
6532:
6531:
6528:
6525:
6523:
6520:
6518:
6515:
6513:
6510:
6508:
6505:
6503:
6500:
6498:
6497:Ibotenic acid
6495:
6493:
6490:
6488:
6485:
6483:
6480:
6477:
6476:
6474:
6469:
6460:
6457:
6455:
6451:
6447:
6444:
6437:
6432:
6430:
6425:
6423:
6418:
6417:
6414:
6402:
6401:
6397:
6395:
6394:
6390:
6388:
6387:
6384:
6380:
6379:
6376:
6370:
6367:
6364:
6361:
6360:
6356:
6352:
6351:Transcrocetin
6349:
6347:
6346:Psychotridine
6344:
6342:
6339:
6337:
6334:
6332:
6329:
6327:
6326:Niflumic acid
6324:
6322:
6319:
6317:
6314:
6312:
6309:
6307:
6304:
6302:
6299:
6297:
6294:
6292:
6289:
6287:
6284:
6282:
6279:
6277:
6274:
6272:
6269:
6267:
6264:
6262:
6256:
6254:
6251:
6249:
6246:
6244:
6241:
6239:
6236:
6232:
6229:
6227:
6224:
6222:
6219:
6217:
6214:
6212:
6209:
6207:
6204:
6202:
6199:
6197:
6194:
6192:
6189:
6187:
6186:Nitrous oxide
6184:
6182:
6179:
6177:
6174:
6172:
6169:
6167:
6164:
6162:
6159:
6157:
6154:
6152:
6151:Diethyl ether
6149:
6147:
6144:
6142:
6139:
6137:
6134:
6132:
6129:
6127:
6124:
6120:
6117:
6115:
6112:
6110:
6107:
6103:
6100:
6098:
6095:
6093:
6090:
6088:
6085:
6081:
6078:
6076:
6073:
6071:
6068:
6066:
6063:
6061:
6058:
6056:
6053:
6051:
6048:
6046:
6043:
6041:
6038:
6036:
6033:
6031:
6028:
6026:
6023:
6021:
6017:
6014:
6012:
6009:
6007:
6006:Tenocyclidine
6004:
6002:
6001:Tabernanthine
5999:
5997:
5994:
5992:
5991:Rolicyclidine
5989:
5987:
5984:
5982:
5979:
5977:
5974:
5972:
5969:
5967:
5966:Phencyclidine
5964:
5962:
5961:Phencyclamine
5959:
5957:
5954:
5952:
5949:
5947:
5944:
5942:
5939:
5937:
5934:
5932:
5929:
5927:
5924:
5922:
5919:
5917:
5914:
5912:
5909:
5907:
5904:
5902:
5899:
5897:
5896:Methoxetamine
5894:
5892:
5889:
5887:
5884:
5882:
5879:
5877:
5874:
5872:
5869:
5867:
5864:
5862:
5859:
5857:
5856:Levomethadone
5854:
5852:
5849:
5847:
5844:
5842:
5839:
5837:
5834:
5832:
5829:
5827:
5824:
5822:
5819:
5817:
5816:Fluorolintane
5814:
5812:
5809:
5807:
5804:
5802:
5799:
5797:
5794:
5792:
5789:
5787:
5784:
5782:
5779:
5777:
5774:
5772:
5769:
5767:
5764:
5762:
5759:
5757:
5754:
5752:
5749:
5747:
5744:
5742:
5739:
5737:
5734:
5732:
5729:
5727:
5724:
5722:
5719:
5717:
5714:
5712:
5709:
5707:
5704:
5702:
5699:
5697:
5694:
5692:
5689:
5687:
5684:
5682:
5679:
5677:
5674:
5672:
5669:
5667:
5664:
5662:
5659:
5657:
5654:
5652:
5649:
5645:
5642:
5640:
5637:
5635:
5632:
5630:
5627:
5625:
5622:
5620:
5617:
5613:
5610:
5608:
5605:
5603:
5600:
5598:
5595:
5593:
5590:
5588:
5585:
5583:
5580:
5578:
5575:
5573:
5570:
5568:
5565:
5563:
5560:
5558:
5555:
5553:
5550:
5548:
5545:
5543:
5540:
5538:
5535:
5533:
5530:
5528:
5522:
5520:
5517:
5515:
5512:
5510:
5507:
5505:
5502:
5500:
5497:
5495:
5492:
5490:
5487:
5485:
5482:
5480:
5477:
5475:
5472:
5470:
5467:
5463:
5460:
5458:
5455:
5453:
5450:
5448:
5445:
5443:
5440:
5438:
5435:
5433:
5430:
5428:
5425:
5423:
5420:
5418:
5415:
5413:
5410:
5408:
5405:
5403:
5400:
5398:
5397:Kaitocephalin
5395:
5393:
5390:
5388:
5385:
5383:
5380:
5378:
5375:
5373:
5370:
5368:
5365:
5363:
5360:
5358:
5355:
5352:
5349:
5348:
5345:
5342:
5340:
5337:
5335:
5332:
5330:
5327:
5325:
5322:
5320:
5317:
5314:
5310:
5304:
5301:
5294:
5289:
5287:
5285:
5280:
5276:
5273:
5271:
5268:
5266:
5263:
5259:
5256:
5254:
5251:
5249:
5246:
5244:
5241:
5239:
5233:
5231:
5225:
5223:
5220:
5218:
5215:
5213:
5210:
5208:
5205:
5203:
5200:
5198:
5192:
5190:
5184:
5182:
5176:
5174:
5171:
5169:
5166:
5164:
5161:
5159:
5156:
5154:
5151:
5149:
5146:
5144:
5141:
5139:
5132:
5128:
5125:
5123:
5120:
5118:
5115:
5113:
5110:
5108:
5105:
5103:
5102:Ibotenic acid
5100:
5098:
5095:
5093:
5086:
5084:
5081:
5079:
5076:
5074:
5071:
5068:
5065:
5064:
5062:
5057:
5051:
5045:
5042:
5040:
5037:
5035:
5032:
5030:
5027:
5025:
5022:
5019:
5015:
5014:pentobarbital
5011:
5008:
5004:
5001:
4999:
4996:
4994:
4991:
4989:
4986:
4984:
4981:
4979:
4976:
4974:
4971:
4969:
4966:
4964:
4961:
4959:
4956:
4954:
4953:Kaitocephalin
4951:
4949:
4946:
4944:
4941:
4939:
4936:
4934:
4931:
4929:
4926:
4923:
4922:
4919:
4916:
4914:
4911:
4909:
4906:
4904:
4901:
4899:
4898:Cyclothiazide
4896:
4892:
4889:
4887:
4884:
4882:
4879:
4877:
4874:
4872:
4869:
4867:
4866:Ibotenic acid
4864:
4862:
4859:
4857:
4854:
4852:
4849:
4847:
4844:
4842:
4839:
4837:
4834:
4832:
4829:
4826:
4823:
4822:
4820:
4815:
4809:
4803:
4800:
4796:
4793:
4791:
4788:
4786:
4783:
4781:
4778:
4776:
4773:
4771:
4768:
4766:
4763:
4761:
4758:
4756:
4753:
4751:
4748:
4746:
4743:
4741:
4738:
4736:
4733:
4730:
4726:
4725:pentobarbital
4722:
4719:
4715:
4712:
4710:
4707:
4705:
4702:
4700:
4697:
4695:
4692:
4690:
4687:
4685:
4682:
4680:
4677:
4675:
4672:
4670:
4667:
4665:
4662:
4660:
4659:Kaitocephalin
4657:
4655:
4652:
4650:
4647:
4645:
4642:
4640:
4637:
4635:
4632:
4630:
4627:
4625:
4622:
4620:
4617:
4615:
4612:
4609:
4608:
4605:
4602:
4600:
4597:
4595:
4592:
4590:
4587:
4585:
4582:
4580:
4577:
4575:
4572:
4570:
4567:
4565:
4562:
4560:
4557:
4555:
4552:
4550:
4547:
4545:
4542:
4540:
4537:
4535:
4532:
4530:
4527:
4525:
4522:
4520:
4517:
4515:
4512:
4510:
4507:
4505:
4502:
4500:
4497:
4495:
4492:
4490:
4487:
4485:
4482:
4480:
4479:Cyclothiazide
4477:
4475:
4472:
4468:
4465:
4463:
4460:
4458:
4455:
4453:
4452:Ibotenic acid
4450:
4448:
4445:
4443:
4440:
4438:
4435:
4433:
4430:
4428:
4425:
4423:
4420:
4417:
4414:
4413:
4411:
4406:
4400:
4396:
4393:
4386:
4381:
4379:
4374:
4372:
4367:
4366:
4363:
4357:
4353:
4350:
4345:
4335:
4334:
4330:
4326:
4323:
4317:
4311:
4308:
4306:
4303:
4301:
4298:
4296:
4293:
4290:
4289:
4285:
4281:
4277:
4276:isovaleramide
4273:
4269:
4266:
4264:
4261:
4258:
4254:
4251:
4248:
4244:
4240:
4236:
4233:
4231:
4228:
4226:
4223:
4221:
4218:
4216:
4213:
4211:
4208:
4206:
4203:
4201:
4198:
4196:
4193:
4191:
4188:
4186:
4183:
4181:
4178:
4176:
4173:
4170:
4166:
4162:
4158:
4154:
4151:
4149:
4146:
4144:
4141:
4139:
4136:
4134:
4131:
4129:
4126:
4124:
4121:
4118:
4114:
4113:niflumic acid
4110:
4106:
4102:
4099:
4097:
4094:
4092:
4089:
4087:
4084:
4082:
4079:
4076:
4072:
4068:
4064:
4060:
4057:
4055:
4052:
4050:
4047:
4045:
4042:
4040:
4039:Clomethiazole
4037:
4035:
4034:Chlormezanone
4032:
4030:
4027:
4025:
4024:Carbamazepine
4022:
4019:
4015:
4011:
4007:
4004:
4001:
3997:
3994:
3992:
3989:
3987:
3984:
3982:
3979:
3977:
3974:
3973:
3971:
3967:
3961:
3958:
3956:
3953:
3951:
3948:
3946:
3943:
3941:
3938:
3936:
3933:
3931:
3928:
3926:
3923:
3921:
3918:
3916:
3913:
3911:
3908:
3906:
3903:
3901:
3900:Nitrous oxide
3898:
3896:
3893:
3891:
3888:
3886:
3883:
3881:
3878:
3876:
3873:
3871:
3868:
3866:
3863:
3861:
3858:
3856:
3853:
3851:
3848:
3846:
3843:
3841:
3838:
3836:
3833:
3831:
3830:Diethyl ether
3828:
3826:
3823:
3821:
3818:
3816:
3813:
3811:
3808:
3806:
3803:
3801:
3798:
3796:
3793:
3791:
3788:
3786:
3783:
3781:
3778:
3776:
3773:
3771:
3768:
3766:
3763:
3761:
3758:
3756:
3753:
3751:
3748:
3747:
3745:
3743:
3739:
3735:
3729:
3726:
3724:
3721:
3719:
3716:
3714:
3711:
3709:
3706:
3704:
3701:
3699:
3696:
3694:
3691:
3689:
3686:
3684:
3681:
3680:
3678:
3676:
3672:
3666:
3663:
3661:
3658:
3656:
3653:
3651:
3648:
3647:
3645:
3643:
3639:
3633:
3632:Pyrithyldione
3630:
3628:
3625:
3623:
3620:
3618:
3615:
3614:
3612:
3610:
3606:
3600:
3597:
3595:
3592:
3590:
3587:
3586:
3584:
3582:
3578:
3572:
3569:
3567:
3564:
3562:
3559:
3557:
3554:
3552:
3549:
3547:
3544:
3542:
3539:
3537:
3534:
3532:
3529:
3527:
3524:
3522:
3519:
3517:
3514:
3512:
3509:
3507:
3504:
3502:
3499:
3497:
3494:
3492:
3489:
3487:
3484:
3482:
3479:
3477:
3474:
3472:
3469:
3467:
3464:
3462:
3459:
3457:
3454:
3452:
3449:
3447:
3444:
3442:
3439:
3437:
3434:
3432:
3429:
3427:
3423:
3420:
3419:
3416:
3413:
3411:
3408:
3406:
3403:
3401:
3398:
3396:
3393:
3391:
3388:
3386:
3383:
3381:
3377:
3376:
3372:
3371:
3368:
3365:
3363:
3360:
3358:
3355:
3353:
3350:
3348:
3344:
3343:
3339:
3338:
3335:
3332:
3330:
3327:
3325:
3322:
3320:
3317:
3315:
3312:
3310:
3306:
3305:
3301:
3300:
3298:
3296:
3292:
3286:
3283:
3281:
3278:
3276:
3273:
3271:
3268:
3266:
3263:
3261:
3258:
3256:
3253:
3251:
3248:
3246:
3243:
3241:
3238:
3236:
3233:
3231:
3228:
3226:
3223:
3221:
3218:
3216:
3213:
3211:
3208:
3206:
3203:
3201:
3198:
3196:
3193:
3191:
3188:
3186:
3183:
3181:
3178:
3176:
3173:
3171:
3168:
3166:
3163:
3161:
3157:
3155:
3152:
3150:
3147:
3145:
3142:
3140:
3137:
3135:
3132:
3130:
3127:
3125:
3122:
3121:
3119:
3117:
3113:
3107:
3104:
3102:
3099:
3097:
3094:
3092:
3089:
3087:
3084:
3082:
3079:
3078:
3076:
3074:
3070:
3064:
3061:
3059:
3056:
3054:
3051:
3049:
3046:
3044:
3041:
3039:
3036:
3034:
3031:
3029:
3026:
3024:
3021:
3019:
3016:
3014:
3011:
3009:
3006:
3004:
3001:
2999:
2996:
2994:
2991:
2990:
2988:
2985:
2981:
2975:
2972:
2970:
2967:
2965:
2962:
2961:
2959:
2957:
2953:
2947:
2944:
2941:
2937:
2934:
2932:
2929:
2927:
2924:
2922:
2919:
2917:
2914:
2912:
2909:
2907:
2904:
2902:
2899:
2897:
2894:
2892:
2889:
2887:
2884:
2882:
2879:
2877:
2874:
2873:
2871:
2869:
2865:
2859:
2856:
2854:
2851:
2849:
2846:
2844:
2841:
2839:
2838:Phenprobamate
2836:
2834:
2831:
2829:
2826:
2824:
2821:
2819:
2816:
2814:
2811:
2809:
2806:
2804:
2803:Hexapropymate
2801:
2799:
2796:
2794:
2791:
2789:
2786:
2784:
2781:
2779:
2778:Difebarbamate
2776:
2774:
2771:
2769:
2766:
2764:
2761:
2759:
2756:
2755:
2753:
2751:
2747:
2741:
2738:
2736:
2733:
2731:
2728:
2726:
2723:
2721:
2718:
2716:
2713:
2711:
2708:
2706:
2703:
2701:
2698:
2696:
2693:
2691:
2688:
2686:
2683:
2681:
2678:
2676:
2673:
2671:
2668:
2666:
2663:
2661:
2658:
2656:
2653:
2651:
2648:
2646:
2643:
2641:
2638:
2636:
2633:
2631:
2628:
2626:
2623:
2621:
2618:
2616:
2613:
2611:
2608:
2606:
2603:
2601:
2598:
2596:
2593:
2591:
2590:Nortetrazepam
2588:
2586:
2583:
2581:
2578:
2576:
2573:
2571:
2568:
2566:
2563:
2561:
2558:
2556:
2553:
2551:
2548:
2546:
2543:
2541:
2538:
2536:
2533:
2531:
2528:
2526:
2523:
2521:
2518:
2516:
2513:
2511:
2508:
2506:
2503:
2501:
2498:
2496:
2493:
2491:
2488:
2486:
2483:
2481:
2478:
2476:
2473:
2471:
2468:
2466:
2463:
2461:
2458:
2456:
2453:
2451:
2450:Flutoprazepam
2448:
2446:
2443:
2441:
2438:
2436:
2433:
2431:
2430:Flunitrazolam
2428:
2426:
2425:Flunitrazepam
2423:
2421:
2418:
2416:
2415:Flubromazolam
2413:
2411:
2410:Flubromazepam
2408:
2406:
2403:
2401:
2398:
2396:
2393:
2391:
2388:
2386:
2383:
2381:
2378:
2376:
2373:
2371:
2368:
2366:
2363:
2361:
2358:
2356:
2353:
2351:
2348:
2346:
2343:
2341:
2338:
2336:
2333:
2331:
2328:
2326:
2323:
2321:
2318:
2316:
2313:
2311:
2310:Cloniprazepam
2308:
2306:
2303:
2301:
2298:
2296:
2293:
2291:
2288:
2286:
2283:
2281:
2278:
2276:
2273:
2271:
2268:
2266:
2263:
2261:
2258:
2256:
2253:
2251:
2248:
2246:
2243:
2241:
2238:
2236:
2233:
2231:
2228:
2226:
2223:
2221:
2218:
2216:
2213:
2211:
2208:
2206:
2203:
2201:
2200:2-Oxoquazepam
2198:
2197:
2195:
2193:
2189:
2183:
2180:
2178:
2175:
2173:
2170:
2168:
2165:
2163:
2160:
2158:
2155:
2153:
2150:
2148:
2145:
2143:
2142:Thialbarbital
2140:
2138:
2137:Tetrabarbital
2135:
2133:
2130:
2128:
2125:
2123:
2122:Spirobarbital
2120:
2118:
2115:
2113:
2110:
2108:
2105:
2103:
2102:Proxibarbital
2100:
2098:
2095:
2093:
2092:Propallylonal
2090:
2088:
2085:
2083:
2080:
2078:
2075:
2073:
2072:Phenobarbital
2070:
2068:
2065:
2063:
2062:Pentobarbital
2060:
2058:
2055:
2053:
2052:Narcobarbital
2050:
2048:
2045:
2043:
2040:
2038:
2035:
2033:
2030:
2028:
2025:
2023:
2020:
2018:
2017:Heptobarbital
2015:
2013:
2010:
2008:
2005:
2003:
2000:
1998:
1995:
1993:
1990:
1988:
1987:Difebarbamate
1985:
1983:
1980:
1978:
1977:Cyclobarbital
1975:
1973:
1970:
1968:
1965:
1963:
1960:
1958:
1955:
1953:
1950:
1948:
1945:
1943:
1940:
1938:
1935:
1933:
1930:
1928:
1925:
1923:
1922:Benzobarbital
1920:
1918:
1915:
1913:
1910:
1908:
1905:
1903:
1900:
1898:
1895:
1893:
1890:
1888:
1885:
1884:
1882:
1880:
1876:
1870:
1867:
1865:
1862:
1860:
1857:
1855:
1852:
1850:
1848:
1844:
1842:
1840:
1836:
1834:
1831:
1829:
1826:
1824:
1821:
1819:
1816:
1814:
1811:
1809:
1806:
1804:
1801:
1799:
1796:
1794:
1793:Ethchlorvynol
1791:
1788:
1784:
1781:
1779:
1776:
1774:
1771:
1769:
1766:
1764:
1761:
1760:
1758:
1756:
1752:
1748:
1735:
1730:
1728:
1723:
1721:
1716:
1715:
1712:
1696:
1694:
1691:
1690:
1688:
1685:
1682:
1679:
1677:
1674:
1673:
1669:
1659:
1656:
1654:
1651:
1650:
1648:
1644:
1638:
1635:
1633:
1630:
1628:
1625:
1624:
1622:
1620:
1616:
1610:
1607:
1605:
1604:Phencyclidine
1602:
1600:
1597:
1595:
1592:
1591:
1589:
1587:
1583:
1577:
1574:
1571:
1568:
1566:
1565:Phenoperidine
1563:
1561:
1558:
1556:
1553:
1551:
1548:
1546:
1543:
1541:
1538:
1536:
1533:
1532:
1530:
1528:
1524:
1518:
1515:
1513:
1510:
1508:
1505:
1503:
1500:
1499:
1497:
1495:
1491:
1485:
1482:
1480:
1477:
1475:
1472:
1470:
1469:Narcobarbital
1467:
1465:
1462:
1460:
1457:
1455:
1452:
1451:
1449:
1447:
1443:
1437:
1434:
1432:
1429:
1427:
1424:
1423:
1421:
1419:
1415:
1412:
1410:
1406:
1400:
1397:
1395:
1392:
1390:
1387:
1385:
1382:
1380:
1379:Nitrous oxide
1377:
1375:
1372:
1370:
1367:
1365:
1362:
1360:
1357:
1355:
1352:
1350:
1347:
1345:
1342:
1340:
1339:Diethyl ether
1337:
1335:
1332:
1330:
1327:
1325:
1322:
1321:
1319:
1317:
1313:
1308:
1304:
1297:
1292:
1290:
1285:
1283:
1278:
1277:
1274:
1264:
1258:
1251:
1245:
1239:
1235:
1231:
1227:
1220:
1218:
1216:
1214:
1206:
1201:
1193:
1189:
1185:
1181:
1177:
1173:
1166:
1158:
1154:
1150:
1146:
1142:
1138:
1131:
1123:
1119:
1114:
1109:
1105:
1101:
1097:
1093:
1089:
1082:
1074:
1070:
1065:
1060:
1055:
1050:
1046:
1042:
1038:
1034:
1030:
1023:
1009:
1005:
1001:
997:
990:
976:on 2008-05-21
975:
971:
967:
963:
959:
955:
951:
947:
940:
932:
926:
911:
907:
903:
899:
895:
891:
888:(3): 227–32.
887:
883:
879:
872:
864:
858:
843:
839:
835:
831:
827:
820:
812:
808:
804:
800:
796:
792:
788:
784:
780:
773:
765:
761:
757:
750:
742:
738:
734:
730:
725:
720:
717:(4): 359–61.
716:
712:
708:
701:
693:
689:
685:
681:
674:
670:
661:
658:
656:
653:
651:
648:
645:
641:
638:
637:
631:
629:
623:
621:
617:
613:
608:
605:
601:
599:
595:
590:
587:
583:
574:
572:
568:
563:
559:
555:
551:
550:lipid bilayer
547:
543:
539:
535:
530:
527:
525:
521:
514:
503:
491:
486:
477:
476:
468:
445:
434:
430:
421:
419:
415:
411:
407:
403:
399:
395:
391:
387:
383:
380:above normal
379:
375:
365:
363:
358:
354:
350:
349:gas cylinders
346:
336:
334:
330:
326:
322:
318:
314:
309:
307:
303:
290:
287:
285:
282:
280:
277:
275:
272:
270:
267:
265:
262:
261:
253:
250:
248:
245:
243:
240:
237:
233:
230:
227:
223:
219:
216:
214:
211:
209:
206:
204:
201:
199:
198:Divinyl ether
196:
194:
193:Diethyl ether
191:
189:
186:
184:
181:
179:
176:
174:
171:
169:
166:
165:
164:
162:
150:
147:
145:
142:
140:
139:Nitrous oxide
137:
135:
132:
130:
127:
126:
115:
113:
109:
108:nitrous oxide
105:
101:
97:
93:
89:
85:
81:
80:tracheal tube
77:
73:
69:
61:
57:
53:
49:
45:
41:
37:
32:
19:
7434:
7433:
7391:Antagonists:
7390:
7380:
7360:
7331:
7290:Antagonists:
7289:
7261:
7208:Antagonists:
7207:
7189:
7136:Antagonists:
7135:
7120:
7085:
7038:
6997:Antagonists:
6996:
6990:Talaglumetad
6936:
6902:
6856:Antagonists:
6855:
6845:
6842:Talaglumetad
6778:
6715:Dipraglurant
6710:Basimglurant
6701:
6655:Antagonists:
6654:
6644:
6592:
6534:Antagonists:
6533:
6478:
6398:
6391:
6382:
6381:
6365:
6362:
6234:
6141:Cyclopropane
6122:
6105:
6083:
6019:
5971:Propoxyphene
5941:Orphenadrine
5846:Ketobemidone
5811:Eticyclidine
5746:Coronaridine
5731:ARL-15896-AR
5647:
5615:
5527:-Cycloserine
5509:Carisoprodol
5465:
5353:
5351:Antagonists:
5350:
5283:
5278:
5261:
5189:-Cycloserine
5130:
5069:
5066:
5010:Barbiturates
5006:
4983:Selurampanel
4938:Dasolampanel
4925:Antagonists:
4924:
4894:
4827:
4824:
4798:
4735:Cyclopropane
4721:Barbiturates
4717:
4689:Selurampanel
4639:Dasolampanel
4611:Antagonists:
4610:
4594:Pramiracetam
4470:
4418:
4415:
4321:
4320:
4291:
4148:Lavender oil
3890:Nitric oxide
3810:Cryofluorane
3755:Acetophenone
3713:Methaqualone
3708:Mecloqualone
3703:Mebroqualone
3693:Diproqualone
3688:Cloroqualone
3617:Glutethimide
3421:
3373:
3340:
3302:
3275:Testosterone
3240:Progesterone
3205:Hydroxydione
3154:Androsterone
3081:Acecarbromal
2986:constituents
2773:Cyclarbamate
2763:Carisoprodol
2535:Metaclazepam
2530:Menitrazepam
2520:Meclonazepam
2515:Lormetazepam
2445:Flutemazepam
2270:Ciclotizolam
2260:Carburazepam
2152:Thiobarbital
2112:Secobarbital
2077:Phetharbital
2057:Nealbarbital
2042:Methohexital
2027:Hexobarbital
1962:Butallylonal
1957:Butobarbital
1912:Barbexaclone
1907:Aprobarbital
1892:Allobarbital
1879:Barbiturates
1846:
1838:
1828:Petrichloral
1637:Hydroxydione
1570:Remifentanil
1464:Methohexital
1459:Hexobarbital
1446:Barbiturates
1329:Cyclopropane
1316:Inhalational
1315:
1257:
1249:
1225:
1200:
1175:
1171:
1165:
1140:
1136:
1130:
1095:
1091:
1081:
1036:
1032:
1022:
1011:. Retrieved
1002:(6): 56–60.
999:
989:
978:. Retrieved
974:the original
953:
949:
939:
925:cite journal
914:. Retrieved
885:
881:
871:
857:cite journal
846:. Retrieved
833:
829:
819:
786:
782:
772:
749:
714:
710:
700:
683:
679:
673:
624:
609:
602:
594:Horace Wells
591:
589:anesthesia.
585:
580:
540:, and not a
531:
528:
516:
500:October 2021
497:
489:
446:. Initially
427:
406:scuba diving
376:conditions (
371:
342:
310:
298:
188:Cyclopropane
183:Cryofluorane
158:
67:
65:
7117:VU-0155,041
7042:Decoglurant
6906:Decoglurant
6740:Raseglurant
6688:Remeglurant
6673:Mavoglurant
6537:BAY 36-7620
6331:Pentamidine
6316:Minocycline
6296:Hodgkinsine
6266:Dexanabinol
6196:Sevoflurane
6050:Isoxsuprine
6045:Haloperidol
6025:Besonprodil
5986:Rimantadine
5936:Norketamine
5931:Noribogaine
5906:Milnacipran
5871:Levorphanol
5821:Gacyclidine
5791:Dizocilpine
5786:Diphenidine
5776:Dextrorphan
5696:Alaproclate
5639:Huperzine A
5592:Meprobamate
5552:Harkoseride
5447:Perzinfotel
5324:Plazinemdor
4871:Kainic acid
4856:Domoic acid
4802:Minocycline
4790:Sevoflurane
4467:Willardiine
4442:Domoic acid
4230:Stiripentol
4225:Seproxetine
4195:Niacinamide
4175:Loreclezole
3996:Avermectins
3960:Vinyl ether
3930:Sevoflurane
3910:Paraldehyde
3860:Halopropane
3683:Afloqualone
3665:Tracazolate
3660:ICI-190,622
3650:Cartazolate
3627:Piperidione
3622:Methyprylon
3589:Fospropofol
3511:Pipequaline
3319:Pazinaclone
3309:Eszopiclone
3165:Cholesterol
3149:Androstenol
3073:Monoureides
3053:Methysticin
2853:Tetrabamate
2833:Pentabamate
2823:Meprobamate
2793:Febarbamate
2758:Carisbamate
2710:Triflubazam
2700:Tolufazepam
2660:Rilmazafone
2655:Remimazolam
2630:Proflazepam
2615:Pivoxazepam
2575:Nitrazepate
2565:Nimetazepam
2500:Lopirazepam
2470:Haloxazolam
2420:Fludiazepam
2365:Doxefazepam
2340:Delorazepam
2320:Clotiazepam
2315:Clorazepate
2280:Cinolazepam
2177:Vinbarbital
2132:Tetrabamate
2087:Probarbital
2067:Phenallymal
2032:Metharbital
2007:Febarbamate
1902:Amobarbital
1803:Isopropanol
1773:Chloralodol
1683:from market
1550:Embutramide
1545:Anileridine
1517:Remimazolam
1454:Amobarbital
1431:Fospropofol
1394:Vinyl ether
1384:Sevoflurane
650:Anaesthetic
390:noble gases
302:hydrophobic
269:Halopropane
144:Sevoflurane
100:sevoflurane
36:sevoflurane
34:Bottles of
7466:Categories
7384:AZ12216052
7124:Foliglurax
7112:VU-001,171
7025:LY-341,495
7020:LY-307,452
6975:LY-487,379
6965:LY-379,268
6884:LY-341,495
6879:LY-307,452
6827:LY-566,332
6822:LY-487,379
6812:LY-379,268
6668:LY-344,545
6648:LSN2463359
6557:LY-456,236
6552:LY-367,385
6446:modulators
6369:AGN-241751
6341:Piretanide
6291:Furosemide
6276:Flupirtine
6253:Conantokin
6248:Caroverine
6243:Bumetanide
6176:Isoflurane
6146:Desflurane
6136:Chloroform
6075:Safaprodil
6070:Ro 25-6981
6011:Tiletamine
5996:Sabeluzole
5976:Remacemide
5921:Neramexane
5891:Methorphan
5876:Loperamide
5851:Lanicemine
5836:Indantadol
5801:Esketamine
5796:Ephenidine
5756:Dexoxadrol
5721:Arketamine
5706:Amantadine
5666:3-MeO-PCMo
5644:Putrescine
5587:MDL-105519
5562:Kynurenine
5542:Gavestinel
5457:SDZ-220581
5417:MDL-100453
5300:prasterone
5270:Spermidine
5243:Milacemide
5148:ACC (ACPC)
5034:Evans blue
4998:Topiramate
4988:Tezampanel
4918:Isoflurane
4795:Talampanel
4780:Perampanel
4775:Isoflurane
4760:GYKI-53655
4755:GYKI-52466
4750:Evans blue
4714:Zonampanel
4704:Topiramate
4694:Tezampanel
4669:Kynurenine
4629:Caroverine
4624:Becampanel
4574:Oxiracetam
4474:Aniracetam
4395:modulators
4352:modulators
4263:Topiramate
4253:Terpenoids
4210:Propanidid
4200:Org 25,435
4128:Flupirtine
4123:Fluoxetine
4029:Chloralose
4000:ivermectin
3905:Norflurane
3870:Isoflurane
3815:Desflurane
3805:Chloroform
3765:Aliflurane
3698:Etaqualone
3526:SB-205,384
3456:CP-615,003
3451:CL-218,872
3405:Panadiplon
3395:Lorediplon
3324:Suproclone
3285:Zuranolone
3245:Renanolone
3230:Posovolone
3210:Minaxolone
3200:Ganaxolone
3139:Alfaxalone
3134:Alfadolone
3124:Acebrochol
3091:Bromisoval
2969:Metomidate
2956:Imidazoles
2916:Hispidulin
2868:Flavonoids
2828:Nisobamate
2818:Mebutamate
2788:Ethinamate
2783:Emylcamate
2750:Carbamates
2720:Tuclazepam
2695:Tetrazepam
2650:Reclazepam
2625:Premazepam
2605:Phenazepam
2585:Nordazepam
2580:Nitrazolam
2570:Nitrazepam
2550:Motrazepam
2505:Loprazolam
2495:Lofendazam
2480:Imidazenil
2440:Flutazolam
2435:Flurazepam
2405:Fletazepam
2360:Dimdazenil
2355:Diclazepam
2335:Cyprazepam
2325:Cloxazolam
2305:Clonazolam
2300:Clonazepam
2290:Climazolam
2250:Brotizolam
2245:Bromazolam
2240:Bromazepam
2235:Bretazenil
2230:Bentazepam
2220:Arfendazam
2215:Alprazolam
2210:Adinazolam
2182:Vinylbital
2162:Thiopental
2037:Methitural
1952:Buthalital
1947:Butalbital
1798:Isobutanol
1658:Propanidid
1632:Alfaxalone
1627:Alfadolone
1609:Tiletamine
1594:Esketamine
1576:Sufentanil
1560:Alfentanil
1479:Thiopental
1364:Isoflurane
1334:Desflurane
1324:Chloroform
1226:ZAK Zürich
1013:2008-11-03
980:2010-11-08
916:2008-09-21
848:2008-09-21
666:References
620:halocarbon
616:chloroform
582:Paracelsus
546:nerve cell
374:hyperbaric
353:flowmeters
325:shelf life
274:Norflurane
264:Aliflurane
178:Chloroform
134:Isoflurane
129:Desflurane
104:desflurane
96:isoflurane
48:desflurane
40:isoflurane
7435:See also:
7369:Glutamate
7361:Agonists:
7283:LSP2-9166
7270:Glutamate
7262:Agonists:
7193:Glutamate
7190:Agonists:
7102:LSP2-9166
7089:Glutamate
7086:Agonists:
7061:Group III
7047:RO4491533
6955:Glutamate
6950:Eglumegad
6937:Agonists:
6911:RO4491533
6802:Glutamate
6797:Eglumegad
6779:Agonists:
6626:Glutamate
6601:ADX-47273
6593:Agonists:
6517:Ro67-7476
6512:Ro67-4853
6507:Ro01-6128
6492:Glutamate
6479:Agonists:
6383:See also:
6363:Unsorted:
6306:MDL-27266
6286:FR-115427
6281:FPL-12495
6238:ARR-15896
6166:Halothane
6156:Enflurane
6114:Magnesium
6065:Ro 8-4304
6040:Eliprodil
5951:PD-137889
5911:Morphanol
5886:Methadone
5881:Memantine
5831:Ibogamine
5806:Etoxadrol
5736:ARL-16247
5726:ARL-12495
5711:Aptiganel
5676:4-MeO-PCP
5671:3-MeO-PCP
5661:3-MeO-PCE
5624:Co 101676
5597:MRZ 2/576
5547:GV-196771
5537:Felbamate
5514:CGP-39653
5494:ACEA-1328
5489:ACEA-1011
5432:NPC-17742
5427:NPC-12626
5412:LY-274614
5407:LY-235959
5402:LY-233053
5387:CGS-19755
5382:CGP-40116
5377:CGP-39653
5372:CGP-39551
5367:CGP-37849
5357:AP5 (APV)
5258:Sarcosine
5134:β-Fluoro-
5083:Glutamate
5078:Aspartate
5067:Agonists:
5024:Enflurane
4968:LY-382884
4928:ACEA-1011
4913:Halothane
4908:Enflurane
4903:Diazoxide
4876:LY-339434
4861:Glutamate
4825:Agonists:
4770:Irampanel
4765:Halothane
4740:Enflurane
4614:ACEA-1011
4589:Piracetam
4569:ORG-26576
4564:Nooglutyl
4554:LY-503430
4549:LY-451646
4544:LY-404187
4539:LY-395153
4534:LY-392098
4519:Diazoxide
4447:Glutamate
4416:Agonists:
4322:See also:
4284:valerenol
4205:Phenytoin
4185:Monastrol
4143:Lanthanum
4138:KRM-II-81
4101:Fenamates
4096:Etifoxine
4091:Etazepine
4086:Efavirenz
4044:Darigabat
3940:Teflurane
3925:Roflurane
3920:Propylene
3865:Halothane
3850:Fluroxene
3835:Enflurane
3738:Volatiles
3655:Etazolate
3566:Viqualine
3521:RWJ-51204
3486:L-838,417
3476:Imepitoin
3446:CGS-20625
3441:CGS-13767
3426:Adipiplon
3400:Ocinaplon
3362:Saripidem
3357:Necopidem
3334:Zopiclone
3329:Suriclone
3314:Pagoclone
3220:ORG-21465
3215:ORG-20599
3106:Ectylurea
3096:Carbromal
2974:Propoxate
2964:Etomidate
2891:Baicalein
2848:Styramate
2843:Procymate
2813:Lorbamate
2798:Felbamate
2768:Clocental
2740:Zomebazam
2735:Zolazepam
2730:Zapizolam
2725:Uldazepam
2705:Triazolam
2690:Temazepam
2685:Sulazepam
2675:Ro48-8684
2670:Ro48-6791
2665:Ripazepam
2635:Pyrazolam
2610:Pinazepam
2560:Nifoxipam
2545:Midazolam
2540:Mexazolam
2525:Medazepam
2510:Lorazepam
2490:Ketazolam
2485:Irazepine
2475:Iclazepam
2465:Halazepam
2460:Gidazepam
2455:Fosazepam
2375:Estazolam
2370:Elfazepam
2345:Demoxepam
2275:Cinazepam
2255:Camazepam
2225:Avizafone
2147:Thiamylal
2082:Primidone
2012:Heptabarb
2002:Eterobarb
1967:Carbubarb
1864:Triclofos
1763:Brometone
1693:Phase III
1681:Withdrawn
1653:Etomidate
1540:Oxycodone
1512:Lorazepam
1502:Midazolam
1474:Thiamylal
1409:Injection
1359:Halothane
1354:Fluroxene
1344:Enflurane
894:0093-5387
571:flurothyl
569:(such as
378:pressures
357:explosive
333:soda lime
289:Teflurane
279:Roflurane
236:analgesic
218:Halothane
213:Fluroxene
203:Enflurane
168:Acetylene
44:enflurane
7419:UBP-1112
7335:ADX71743
7323:UBP-1112
7236:UBP-1112
7164:UBP-1112
7035:MGS-0039
6980:MGS-0028
6894:MGS-0039
6832:MGS-0028
6754:Group II
6698:SIB-1893
6693:SIB-1757
6683:NPS-2390
6567:NPS-2390
6527:Theanine
6311:Metaphit
6221:Urethane
6109:Hydrogen
6106:Cations:
6016:Tramadol
5841:Ketamine
5826:Ibogaine
5741:Budipine
5656:3-HO-PCP
5582:LU-73068
5572:L-701324
5567:L-689560
5474:5,7-DCKA
5462:Selfotel
5344:SAGE-718
5339:SAGE-301
5334:SAGE-201
5275:Spermine
5265:Neomycin
5230:-Alanine
5222:L-687414
5181:-Alanine
5138:-alanine
5127:Theanine
4993:Theanine
4891:SYM-2081
4699:Theanine
4310:TCS-1205
4305:TCS-1105
4295:α-Pinene
4268:Valerian
4243:tetronal
4220:Safranal
4169:obovatol
4165:magnolol
4161:honokiol
3991:Alogabat
3986:AA-29504
3935:Synthane
3895:Nitrogen
3875:Kerosine
3855:Gasoline
3845:Ethylene
3785:Centalun
3780:Butylene
3594:Propofol
3556:U-89843A
3536:TGSC01AA
3506:NS-11394
3471:GBLD-345
3436:CGS-9896
3431:CGS-8216
3415:Zaleplon
3410:Taniplon
3390:Indiplon
3385:Fasiplon
3380:Divaplon
3367:Zolpidem
3270:SAGE-872
3265:SAGE-689
3260:SAGE-516
3255:SAGE-324
3250:SAGE-105
3158:Certain
3101:Capuride
3063:Yangonin
2940:baicalin
2936:Skullcap
2926:Luteolin
2901:Catechin
2896:Baicalin
2886:Apigenin
2858:Tybamate
2645:Quazepam
2640:QH-II-66
2620:Prazepam
2600:Oxazolam
2595:Oxazepam
2395:Etizolam
2350:Diazepam
2330:CP-1414S
2295:Clobazam
2285:Clazolam
2172:Valofane
2127:Talbutal
2117:Sigmodal
2022:Hexethal
1917:Barbital
1897:Alphenal
1887:(-)-DMBB
1833:Propanol
1823:Pentanol
1813:Methanol
1755:Alcohols
1599:Ketamine
1555:Fentanyl
1535:Morphine
1507:Diazepam
1436:Propofol
1426:Ciprofol
1349:Ethylene
1192:13138755
1157:13138755
1122:16996534
1008:11452771
811:26029329
803:14991199
764:30725698
741:73229069
733:20255056
634:See also
628:inhalers
554:hydrogen
392:such as
386:nitrogen
306:miscible
284:Synthane
208:Ethylene
92:volatile
6725:GRN-529
6720:Fenobam
6705:AZD9272
6641:VU-1545
6542:CPCCOEt
6454:Group I
6355:saffron
6201:Toluene
6191:Octanol
6171:Hexanol
6126:Benzene
6102:TCN-213
6097:TCN-201
6092:MPX-007
6087:MPX-004
5681:8A-PDHQ
5619:Arcaine
5612:ZD-9379
5309:sulfate
5238:-Serine
5212:Glycine
5197:-Serine
5112:Proline
5039:NS-3763
5012:(e.g.,
5003:UBP-302
4881:Proline
4723:(e.g.,
4599:S-18986
4529:IDRA-21
4514:CX-1942
4509:CX-1739
4457:Proline
4257:borneol
4255:(e.g.,
4247:trional
4237:(e.g.,
4155:(e.g.,
4153:Lignans
4103:(e.g.,
4061:(e.g.,
4006:Bromide
3998:(e.g.,
3981:α-EMTBL
3945:Toluene
3915:Propane
3790:Chloral
3770:Benzene
3750:Acetone
3581:Phenols
3571:Y-23684
3561:U-90042
3546:TPA-023
3531:SX-3228
3516:ROD-188
3501:NS-2710
3496:NS-2664
3481:JM-1232
3466:ELB-139
3461:CTP-354
3347:Alpidem
2946:Wogonin
2921:Linarin
2400:FG-8205
2107:Reposal
1808:Menthol
1768:Butanol
1527:Opioids
1418:Phenols
1113:2048540
1073:9391028
1041:Bibcode
970:7665424
910:2741255
902:2068005
842:4082343
644:ethanol
577:History
490:updated
398:krypton
86:and an
7328:XAP044
7265:AMN082
6945:DCG-IV
6940:CBiPES
6899:PCCG-4
6792:DCG-IV
6787:CBiPES
6231:Xylene
6131:Butane
5504:AV-101
5217:HA-966
4504:CX-717
4494:CX-614
4489:CX-546
4484:CX-516
4190:Niacin
3775:Butane
3728:SL-164
3599:Thymol
3541:TP-003
3422:Others
3225:P1-185
3185:5β-DHP
3180:5α-DHP
3175:3α-DHP
3023:Kavain
2931:Rc-OMe
1676:WHO-EM
1646:Others
1240:
1190:
1155:
1120:
1110:
1071:
1061:
1006:
968:
908:
900:
892:
840:
809:
801:
762:
739:
731:
692:572591
690:
586:Aether
560:, and
558:helium
388:, and
372:Under
329:rubber
46:, and
7346:mGluR
7303:MMPIP
7247:mGluR
7175:mGluR
7107:PHCCC
7071:mGluR
7015:HYDIA
7005:CECXG
7000:APICA
6922:mGluR
6874:HYDIA
6864:CECXG
6859:APICA
6764:mGluR
6663:DMeOB
6606:CDPPB
6578:mGluR
6522:VU-71
6464:mGluR
6226:Xenon
5686:18-MC
5651:2-MDP
5479:7-CKA
5442:PEAQX
5168:B6B21
5158:AK-51
5092:-HCA)
5055:NMDAR
4978:NS102
4709:YM90K
4404:AMPAR
4049:DEABL
3742:gases
3551:TP-13
3280:THDOC
3170:DHDOC
1399:Xenon
1064:33784
807:S2CID
737:S2CID
534:argon
418:argox
394:argon
339:Gases
317:organ
149:Xenon
112:xenon
56:boils
52:ether
7414:MTPG
7409:MSOP
7404:MPPG
7399:MAP4
7394:CPPG
7377:-AP4
7364:DCPG
7318:MTPG
7313:MSOP
7308:MPPG
7298:MAP4
7293:CPPG
7278:-AP4
7231:MTPG
7226:MSOP
7221:MPPG
7216:MAP4
7211:CPPG
7201:-AP4
7159:MTPG
7154:MSOP
7149:MPPG
7144:MAP4
7139:CPPG
7129:MPEP
7097:-AP4
7030:MCPG
7010:EGLU
6889:MCPG
6869:EGLU
6782:BINA
6735:MTEP
6730:MPEP
6678:MCPG
6658:CTEP
6621:DHPG
6611:CHPG
6596:ACPD
6562:MCPG
6487:DHPG
6482:ACPD
6321:MPEP
6261:-αAA
6119:Zinc
5946:PCPr
5916:NEFA
5602:PNQX
5532:DNQX
5519:CNQX
5452:PPDA
5437:PBPD
5307:DHEA
5292:DHEA
5202:DHPG
5153:ACPD
5143:ACBD
5107:NMDA
5073:AMAA
4973:NBQX
4948:GAMS
4943:DNQX
4933:CNQX
4851:ATPA
4846:AMPA
4684:PNQX
4679:NBQX
4654:GAMS
4644:DNQX
4634:CNQX
4619:ATPO
4579:PEPA
4437:BOAA
4432:AMPA
3352:DS-1
2984:Kava
2911:EGCG
1847:tert
1839:tert
1742:GABA
1307:N01A
1238:ISBN
1188:PMID
1153:PMID
1118:PMID
1069:PMID
1004:PMID
966:PMID
931:link
906:PMID
898:OCLC
890:ISSN
863:link
838:PMID
799:PMID
760:PMID
729:PMID
688:PMID
562:neon
331:and
110:and
102:and
6616:DFB
5484:ACC
5392:CPP
5362:AP7
5173:CCG
4813:KAR
4081:DS2
3190:DHT
2906:EGC
1230:doi
1180:doi
1176:110
1145:doi
1141:110
1108:PMC
1100:doi
1059:PMC
1049:doi
958:doi
791:doi
719:doi
78:or
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