636:
571:
25:
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428:). This can be translated to Mr. and Mrs. but can also mean Father/Mother. It can be used in conjunction with their first name or full name. Important to note, Indonesian pronouns can all be used in second and
139:. Pronouns vary by region/ethnic area and depend on the ethnic group of the person spoken to. In addition to being gender- and ethnic-based, pronouns are often seniority-based and even profession-based.
142:
Properly addressing people in
Indonesian is important and learnt from an early age. It is common and expected to call people using a pronoun and their first name.
135:
covering formal and informal social, commercial relationships. Family pronouns addressing siblings are used also in informal settings and are usually
975:
Conners, Thomas J; Brugman, Claudia M; Adams, Nikki B. (30 March 2016). "Reference tracking and non-canonical referring expressions in
Indonesian".
516:(3 SG). The latter may also be used as a polite form for the second person singular. "Siapa namanya?" (What is your name, lit. what is their name).
488:
Indonesian like to speak in a short and effective way so when speaking to someone, omitting the pronoun completely is common (unlike in
English).
89:
61:
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178:, and other places. "Sri Baginda" or "Sri Paduka Baginda" is the formal title used to address a king, for example the king of
68:
485:, which mean "uncle" and "aunt". The terms "Om" and "Tante" are Dutch-influenced and quite commonly used in the big cities.
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is used for "older brother". "Mas" and "Mbak" are also used as formal honorifics for men and women in Java generally.
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849:(older sister). Uncles and aunts are addressed relative to the parents age,
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Street-vendors might be called "bang" but government-workers "bapak/ibu"
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186:. "Prabhu" is also the title used for kings who ruled Indonesia in the
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kingdoms which had Hindu/Buddhist influence located in the islands of
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853:(younger uncle, older uncle, younger aunt, older aunt respectively).
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is for "older sister" and is only used to address a Betawi female.
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An informal way to address a significantly older person is to use
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946:. Chicago: Contemporary Books. pp. 43–44, 53–54, 84.
817:, older (relative to the speaker) people are addressed as
158:" to address the names of kings and monarchs, usually in
1019:"10 Cara Memanggil Anggota Keluarga dalam Bahasa Madura"
801:
and for older sister is the same with
Javanese which is
709:/"kakak" ( Southern Sumatra) is for "older brother" and
713:/ "Ayuk" (Southern Sumatra) is for "older sister". In
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49:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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16:Honorific titles or prefixes used in Indonesia
1044:
941:
895:"The Curious Case of Indonesian Honorifics"
599:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
558:Learn how and when to remove these messages
1051:
1037:
851:Bapak muda, Bapak tua, Mama muda, Mama tua
793:, younger brother/sister can be called as
942:Byrnes, Christopher; Nyimas, Eva (2003).
672:Learn how and when to remove this message
619:Learn how and when to remove this message
109:Learn how and when to remove this message
869:is used to address for "older sister",
207:Indonesian pronouns (bold more common)
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492:(lit. when do arrive in Jakarta).
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539:This section has multiple issues.
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749:is used for "older sister" and
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451:) for oneself is more uncommon.
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412:Adult men are addressed by
184:Sri Sultan Hamengkubuwono X
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697:, some regions of coastal
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432:and even in first-person.
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944:Teach Yourself Indonesian
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797:and for older brother is
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741:and broadly speaking in
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893:H, Erina (2020-10-03).
837:, men are addressed by
58:"Indonesian honorifics"
1224:Honorifics by language
490:Kapan tiba di Jakarta?
308:(lit. brother/sister)
1219:Honorifics by country
430:third-person singular
420:) and adult women by
122:Indonesian honorifics
1229:Culture of Indonesia
821:(for "brother") and
593:improve this section
224:Comment/Translation
131:or prefixes used in
43:improve this article
458:("Sorry, Miss Tejo)
456:Minta maaf, Bu Tejo
406:brother, (workers)
384:Grandfather/mother
287:You, Mister, Ma'am
208:
863:Chinese Indonesian
781:for older sister.
496:Reflective Pronoun
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188:Hindu/Buddhist era
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845:(older woman) or
791:Madurese language
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465:("Andi ran away")
441:Kakak mau makan (
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99:November 2020
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60: –
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54:Find sources:
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32:This article
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648:adding to it
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338:Adik/Dek/Ade
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270:30+/married
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41:Please help
36:verification
33:
997:10108/87444
841:, women by
392:middle age
363:Uncle/Aunt
1213:Categories
1146:Indonesian
1060:Honorifics
904:2020-10-05
877:References
865:diaspora,
765:, i.e. in
544:improve it
504:pronouns -
463:Andi kabur
461:3.Person:
454:2.Person:
439:1.Person:
359:Bibi/Tante
190:, such as
180:Yogyakarta
160:Indianized
69:newspapers
1005:203600921
983:: 59–88.
763:Sundanese
757:Sundanese
580:does not
550:talk page
508:(1 SG), -
389:informal
321:Kak/Kakak
295:uncommon
275:Bapak/Pak
229:informal
133:Indonesia
126:honorific
1160:Japanese
1109:Filipino
1079:Canadian
962:53834417
815:Balinese
809:Balinese
785:Madurese
739:Javanese
733:Javanese
502:enclitic
354:Paman/Om
232:friends
1188:Russian
1174:Sinhala
1153:Italian
1102:English
1093:Hokkien
1086:Chinese
1072:Burmese
861:In the
857:Hokkien
799:Chachak
767:Bandung
723:Jakarta
703:Jakarta
695:Sumatra
601:removed
586:sources
424:(short
416:(short
368:casual
347:casual
331:casual
313:casual
304:Saudari
299:Saudara
292:formal
267:formal
252:formal
221:female
164:Sumatra
154:" and "
146:Royalty
83:scholar
1181:Slavic
1167:Korean
1130:Indian
1123:German
1116:French
1003:
960:
950:
899:Medium
829:Papuan
701:, and
699:Borneo
400:, Bung
371:older
350:older
282:Ibu/Bu
212:level
176:Borneo
156:Prabhu
129:titles
85:
78:
71:
64:
56:
1137:Tamil
1001:S2CID
835:Papua
771:Akang
711:kakak
707:abang
691:Malay
685:Malay
483:Tante
475:Paman
414:Bapak
380:Nenek
375:Kakek
218:male
202:Usage
90:JSTOR
76:books
1197:Thai
977:NUSA
958:OCLC
948:ISBN
871:Koko
867:Cici
843:Mace
839:Pace
823:Mbok
803:Mbak
747:Mbak
743:Java
727:mpok
584:any
582:cite
479:Bibi
445:saya
398:bang
259:Anda
255:any
247:you
237:Kamu
215:age
194:and
172:Bali
168:Java
124:are
62:news
993:hdl
985:doi
847:Usi
833:In
819:Bli
813:In
795:Ale
789:In
775:A'a
773:or
761:In
751:Mas
737:In
725:),
721:of
689:In
650:.
595:by
514:nya
481:or
449:aku
447:or
422:Ibu
418:Pak
396:(A)
152:Sri
45:by
1215::
999:.
991:.
981:60
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956:.
922:^
897:.
885:^
805:.
769:,
745:,
705:,
553:.
510:mu
506:ku
477:,
473:,
471:Om
426:Bu
244:)
242:lu
198:.
182:,
174:,
170:,
166:,
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1045:t
1038:v
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97:(
87:·
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39:.
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