204:
249:
297:
171:
232:. Currently, their territory is at risk as logging moves inland and roads are constructed toward their settlements. The Bario Highland Kelabit territories have not yet been affected by logging, as they have been protected by the historical significance of the area. Allied forces during WWII and they live in remote highlands with areaological evidence showing inhabitation for at least 2000 years. Similar to the Penan people, the Kelabit can also be divided into two communities: the urban Kelabit and the rural Kelabit.
1225:
261:
Many rural
Kelabit have supported the logging blockades, seeing them as part of a larger struggle to preserve their culture and way of life. There exist larger concerns about the logging in the rural communities than in the urban ones, as the logging threatens the resources required for rural Kelabit
322:
Many of the local Penan have complained that the trees from which they harvest hunting poison have been cut down without being harvested for timber products. The logging activities have also driven many of the wildlife they hunt from the area and destroyed the habitats where they would settle. There
313:
Increased sedimentation resulting from deforestation, construction operations and traffic has made finding clean drinking water difficult. It has also impacted fish stocks as water pollution disrupts their habitat, impacts their breeding cycles, and in some cases kills them outright due to poor
92:
part of the island of Borneo. Forested lands across Borneo have been converted from natural landscapes to anthropogenically modified landscapes. Previously natural environments were harvested for wood, destroyed by fire and converted to plantations. The conversion of forested lands to palm oil
304:
A major part of the local diet is the sago palm which grows on steep slopes, where logging roads are often built. This construction causes landslides and the destruction of the crops. The logging activity also causes influxes of sediment into the rivers, making cleaning the sago difficult.
240:
Many urban
Kelabit have had a negative perception of the blockades, with the concern that they will anger the government who may revoke their status as a nature preserve and decide to use the area for logging rather than tourism. The urban population also benefits from the logging activity
93:
plantations was the most common, but rubber and acacia plantations were also established. By 2014, 11% of
Sarawak's primary rainforests ecosystem remained, with nearly 90% converted to other uses. There has been a long-term resistance to deforestation by local Indigenous peoples.
117:
1990 - The Voices for the Borneo
Rainforest World Tour, brought Indigenous perspectives to forums across the globe, with the goal of raising awareness about the logging in Sarawak, and calling for an end to deforestation in primary rainforests in Sarawak. Participants included
1458:
199:
and the West Penan living to the southwest. These two groups both oppose the logging and blame the government and logging companies for the destruction of their lands. The East Penan organized the majority of the blockades in the late 20th
244:
Urban
Kelabit have also expressed their approval of an increase in accessibility and subsequent modern benefits, citing the need for more schools, hospitals and modern conveniences like electricity, television and fast food.
1258:
1273:
150:
September 19, 2013 - The Penan
Indigenous people affected by the Murum dam in Sarawak reinstated their blockade of the dam site claiming that the Malaysian government had failed to adequately compensate
1378:
1338:
46:
people are among the groups who participated. Some blockades were dismantled by police and some participants were arrested. Indigenous people have continued to hold blockades into the 21st century.
1453:
1618:
1603:
1348:
1699:
1643:
1283:
1278:
1663:
1268:
440:
Gaveau, David L. A.; Sloan, Sean; Molidena, Elis; Yaen, Husna; Sheil, Doug; Abram, Nicola K.; Ancrenaz, Marc; Nasi, Robert; Quinones, Marcela; Wielaard, Niels; Meijaard, Erik (2014-07-16).
406:
1551:
1323:
278:. They have argued that western governments use critique of their resource extraction practices as a means of gaining control of the internal affairs of countries in the global south.
133:
in
Sarawak - Resulted in the dismantling of the blockade by police as well as implementation of a new law allowing for the arrest and conviction of anyone near any future blockades.
1668:
1593:
1408:
1653:
1658:
1598:
339:
The Penan people also bury their dead on the mountain slopes which are impacted by road construction, leading to the destruction of cultural graves and sacred places.
1623:
1423:
228:. The Kelabits in Long Napir, Long Seridan and Long Lelang have all been adversely affected by logging operations since the early 1970s. Kelabit territory includes
1448:
1328:
1253:
1248:
1213:
241:
approaching their settlements as this means proper roads will be constructed to their villages allowing for more cost-effective delivery and exportation of goods.
1638:
1373:
1363:
270:
The
Malaysian government has blamed western environmentalists for the blockades and equated the actions of western media outlets and important figures such as
1333:
1648:
1499:
1191:
1318:
414:
161:
2019 - Conflicts around two logging projects by the
Samling Group caused Penan, Kenyah and Jamok communities to raise dozens of formal complaints.
1744:
1388:
762:
195:
and have been facing direct consequences of the logging activities for decades. This group consists of the East Penan living northeast of the
154:
2016 - Blockades in
Sarawak continue even following the government of Sarawak’s decision to withdraw its claim to the land designated for the
1206:
1033:
1764:
331:
Another local crop that is being destroyed is the rattan, which is a principal source of fiat currency for many local Indigenous people.
1814:
1794:
1199:
833:
1393:
738:
558:
Alamgir, Mohammed; Campbell, Mason J.; Sloan, Sean; Suhardiman, Ali; Supriatna, Jatna; Laurance, William F. (December 2019).
57:’s forests contain a variety of ecosystems, including rainforests, peatlands, mangroves, heath forests, and palm trees. The
1809:
1583:
1293:
1288:
1473:
866:. Thom Henley, Western Canada Wilderness Committee. Vancouver: Western Canada Wilderness Committee-WILD Campaign. 1991.
203:
1541:
1221:
1789:
1784:
871:
1774:
1754:
1536:
1494:
1383:
670:
Gaveau, David L.A.; Locatelli, Bruno; Salim, Mohammad A.; Yaen, Husna; Pacheco, Pablo; Sheil, Douglas (May 2019).
1438:
73:. Due to anthropogenic land-use changes, particularly logging and dam building, the Borneo rainforests have been
1749:
1673:
1433:
1229:
1799:
1588:
1006:
130:
111:
1633:
1413:
1403:
1343:
188:
1131:
1804:
984:
895:
30:'s forest landscapes, Indigenous people of several groups along with international activists organised
928:"Prior Transcripts, Divergent Paths: Resistance and Acquiescence to Logging in Sarawak, East Malaysia"
625:"Prior Transcripts, Divergent Paths: Resistance and Acquiescence to Logging in Sarawak, East Malaysia"
248:
1104:
353:
74:
23:
323:
have also been complaints of loggers using shotguns to hunt, further pressuring the local wildlife.
1303:
296:
229:
81:, non-human species and entire ecological landscapes have been impacted by these land-use changes.
1608:
1520:
348:
1779:
1739:
143:
September to October 2012 - Penan Indigenous people blockaded the construction site of the new
1759:
1691:
1468:
358:
107:
39:
1686:
1628:
1443:
1298:
683:
571:
519:
453:
8:
1418:
1063:
560:"High-risk infrastructure projects pose imminent threats to forests in Indonesian Borneo"
687:
575:
523:
457:
1769:
1398:
1313:
963:
955:
889:
810:
756:
709:
652:
600:
559:
532:
507:
484:
441:
363:
78:
1515:
1308:
1171:
1118:
1083:
967:
947:
877:
867:
814:
802:
744:
734:
701:
656:
644:
605:
587:
537:
489:
471:
378:
225:
66:
837:
713:
1567:
1368:
1353:
1075:
939:
794:
691:
636:
595:
579:
527:
479:
461:
170:
783:"Tana' Bawang (homeland): cultural safety and the Kelabit land struggle in Borneo"
1613:
1263:
466:
1707:
1478:
1463:
1428:
1358:
672:"Rise and fall of forest loss and industrial plantations in Borneo (2000–2017)"
624:
583:
275:
217:
70:
43:
1064:"Where Spirit and Bulldozer Roam: Environmenta and Anxiety in Highland Borneo"
943:
640:
1733:
1243:
1087:
951:
881:
806:
798:
748:
705:
648:
591:
541:
475:
126:
from Switzerland, as translator; and Thom Henley, tour director from Canada.
1715:
1459:
2016 Hancur GST, Undur Najib, Undur Rosmah, Bebas Anwar, Hidup Rakyat rally
782:
609:
493:
368:
184:
123:
122:
from the Kelabit people; Mutang Tu'o and Unga Paran from the Panan people;
103:
62:
35:
1079:
861:
728:
407:"Can Borneo's Tribes Survive 'Biggest Environmental Crime of Our Times'?"
196:
137:
119:
1149:
696:
671:
373:
140:
territory. One protester is killed and another injured by armed forces.
959:
927:
442:"Four Decades of Forest Persistence, Clearance and Logging on Borneo"
383:
155:
144:
1224:
89:
31:
1105:
https://www.pressreader.com/uae/gulf-news/20080210/282342560530790
271:
192:
85:
58:
27:
985:"Penan Villagers Resume Murum Dam Blockade – The Borneo Project"
221:
65:
of the Brooks for the previous 100 years. These forests supply
54:
1007:"Malaysia Indigenous communities 'hopeful' on logging dispute"
863:
Voices for the Borneo rainforest : 1990 world tour report
557:
96:
508:"Logging, Conservation, and Native Rights in Sarawak Forests"
787:
AlterNative: An International Journal of Indigenous Peoples
730:
Money logging : on the trail of the Asian timber mafia
669:
439:
147:
after hearing of the conditions for their resettlement.
22:
began during the late 1980s and 1990s. In response to
1068:
Journal for the Study of Religion, Nature and Culture
781:
Blanchet-Cohen, Natasha; Urud, Mutang (2017-09-01).
1259:
1969 Malaysian students pre-election demonstrations
165:
136:1998 - Blockade of oil palm plantations located on
129:March 1993 to November 1993 - Ba Mubui area of the
110:, resisted logging by putting up a blockade in the
34:to resist logging activities and dam construction.
780:
1379:2013 anti-Jamalul Kiram III infiltration protests
1731:
1034:"The Landscape of Memory - Archaeology Magazine"
84:In the 1970s timber companies began moving into
1584:1963 anti-Indonesia infiltration demonstrations
1274:1970 PMUM vs PBMUM Papan Tanda demonstrations
1207:
220:are an Indigenous group from the interior of
187:people are an Indigenous group native to the
1004:
262:to continue their traditional livelihoods.
97:List of resistance activities and blockades
1214:
1200:
932:Comparative Studies in Society and History
761:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
629:Comparative Studies in Society and History
20:Indigenous rainforest blockades in Sarawak
1169:
726:
695:
599:
531:
483:
465:
1537:1946–50 anti-cession movement of Sarawak
1339:2009 anti-Menteri Besar Terengganu rally
295:
247:
202:
169:
1454:2016 Muafakat Selamatkan Malaysia rally
1414:2015 Kita Lawan, May Day anti-GST rally
925:
622:
265:
102:1987 - Communities in Sarawak, such as
1745:Indigenous peoples and the environment
1732:
1619:1993 Sultan of Kelantan demonstrations
1604:1974 Tasek Utara, Johor demonstrations
1143:
1141:
1061:
921:
919:
917:
915:
913:
911:
909:
907:
905:
1394:2013 Ops Turun, anti-price hike rally
1349:2011 anti-Peaceful Assembly Act rally
1195:
1099:
1097:
1057:
1055:
1053:
1028:
1026:
979:
977:
856:
854:
1644:2011 Gathering of a Million Faithful
1384:2013 KL 112, People’s Uprising rally
1294:1993 Malaysian constitutional crisis
1289:1988 Malaysian constitutional crisis
1284:1983 Malaysian constitutional crisis
1279:1971 Malaysian constitutional crisis
828:
826:
824:
776:
774:
772:
553:
551:
435:
433:
431:
401:
399:
1664:2015 Taman Medan anti-cross protest
1299:1998–2000s Reformasi demonstrations
1269:1969 PMUM Anti-Tunku demonstrations
1244:1946–47 anti-Malayan Union protests
1138:
902:
178:
13:
1765:Environmental protests in Malaysia
1552:2015 Sarawak for Sarawakians rally
1542:1966 Sarawak constitutional crisis
1147:
1094:
1050:
1023:
974:
851:
834:"Our History – The Borneo Project"
533:10.1111/j.1523-1739.1991.tb00397.x
308:
16:Environmental protests in Malaysia
14:
1826:
1324:2008 Malaysian fuel hike protests
821:
769:
548:
428:
396:
174:Penan Elders in traditional house
1815:Environmental issues in Malaysia
1495:2009 Perak constitutional crisis
1223:
1148:Canada, National Film Board of,
281:
256:
252:Village in the Kelabit Highlands
235:
166:Local reactions to deforestation
77:and fragmented at a rapid rate.
1795:Political movements in Malaysia
1439:2015 Shutdown Sungai Besi rally
1163:
998:
623:Brosius, J. Peter (July 1997).
1669:2015 Penang villagers protests
1594:1967 Teluk Gong demonstrations
1474:September 2019 climate strikes
1409:2015 Rakyat Hakim Negara rally
1062:Amster, Matthew (2008-04-12).
720:
663:
616:
500:
300:Wild Hill Sago Palm in Sarawak
286:
1:
1701:Sepuluh Tahun Sebelum Merdeka
1654:2012 Green Rally to Putrajaya
1176:www.survivalinternational.org
389:
326:
114:- 42 activists were arrested.
69:to Indigenous communities in
61:region had been ruled by the
49:
1687:Student activism in Malaysia
1589:1964 race riots in Singapore
1547:Sarawak rainforest blockades
1500:2009 1BLACKMalaysia protests
467:10.1371/journal.pone.0101654
413:. 2015-01-09. Archived from
7:
1810:Environmental controversies
1404:2014 May Day anti-GST rally
1344:2010 Water for People rally
342:
334:
189:Borneo lowland rain forests
10:
1831:
1674:2018 Seafield temple riots
1599:1974 Baling demonstrations
1434:2015 United People's rally
926:Brosius, J. Peter (1997).
584:10.1038/s41598-018-36594-8
317:
314:oxygenation of the water.
291:
211:
1682:
1659:2012 People's Lands rally
1576:
1560:
1529:
1508:
1487:
1389:2013 Blackout 505 rallies
1364:2012 Free Anwar 901 rally
1236:
1170:International, Survival.
944:10.1017/S0010417500020739
727:Straumann, Lukas (2014).
641:10.1017/s0010417500020739
354:Deforestation in Malaysia
1790:1990s crimes in Malaysia
1785:1980s crimes in Malaysia
1634:2009 cow's head protests
1419:2015 #TangkapNajib rally
1304:2001 Kampung Medan riots
1113:– via PressReader.
799:10.1177/1177180117714409
230:Pulong Tau National Park
1775:21st century in Sarawak
1755:20th century in Sarawak
1624:1998 Kampung Rawa riots
1521:1967 Penang Hartal riot
1424:2015 Low Yat Plaza riot
1399:2014 Red Pencil protest
349:Deforestation in Borneo
26:and land conversion of
1449:2016 Keranda 152 rally
1329:2009 Keranda 152 rally
1254:1967 Keranda 152 rally
1249:1947 All-Malaya Hartal
894:: CS1 maint: others (
733:. Basel, Switzerland.
301:
253:
208:
207:A group of Kelabit men
175:
1750:Environmental justice
1639:2009 anti-PPSMI rally
1469:2018 anti-ICERD rally
1464:2016 BERSIH 5.0 rally
1429:2015 BERSIH 4.0 rally
1374:2012 anti-Lynas rally
1369:2012 BERSIH 3.0 rally
1354:2011 BERSIH 2.0 rally
1309:2007 BERSIH 1.0 rally
1080:10.1558/jsrnc.v2i1.74
417:on September 18, 2021
359:Clare Rewcastle Brown
299:
251:
206:
173:
1629:2007 Terengganu riot
1444:2016 anti-TPPA rally
1230:Protests in Malaysia
676:Conservation Letters
518:(1): 126–130. 1991.
512:Conservation Biology
266:Malaysian Government
1800:Politics of Sarawak
1609:1977 Kelantan riots
1479:2021 Lawan protests
1334:2009 anti-ISA rally
1319:2008 Black 14 rally
1038:www.archaeology.org
987:. 23 September 2013
688:2019ConL...12E2622G
576:2019NatSR...9..140A
524:1991ConBi...5..126.
458:2014PLoSO...9j1654G
1314:2007 HINDRAF rally
1005:Al Jazeera Staff.
697:10.1111/conl.12622
564:Scientific Reports
364:Radio Free Sarawak
302:
254:
209:
176:
131:Baram constituency
67:ecosystem services
1805:Dam controversies
1727:
1726:
1649:2012 Orange rally
1614:1985 Memali riots
1516:1867 Penang riots
1264:13 May 1969 riots
1126:Missing or empty
1011:www.aljazeera.com
740:978-3-905252-68-2
379:Adbul Taib Mahmud
226:Kelabit Highlands
88:, a state in the
79:Indigenous people
1822:
1568:1986 Sabah riots
1228:
1227:
1216:
1209:
1202:
1193:
1192:
1186:
1185:
1183:
1182:
1167:
1161:
1160:
1159:
1158:
1145:
1136:
1135:
1129:
1124:
1122:
1114:
1112:
1111:
1101:
1092:
1091:
1059:
1048:
1047:
1045:
1044:
1030:
1021:
1020:
1018:
1017:
1002:
996:
995:
993:
992:
981:
972:
971:
923:
900:
899:
893:
885:
858:
849:
848:
846:
845:
836:. Archived from
830:
819:
818:
778:
767:
766:
760:
752:
724:
718:
717:
699:
667:
661:
660:
620:
614:
613:
603:
555:
546:
545:
535:
504:
498:
497:
487:
469:
437:
426:
425:
423:
422:
403:
179:The Penan people
1830:
1829:
1825:
1824:
1823:
1821:
1820:
1819:
1730:
1729:
1728:
1723:
1678:
1572:
1556:
1525:
1504:
1483:
1232:
1222:
1220:
1190:
1189:
1180:
1178:
1168:
1164:
1156:
1154:
1146:
1139:
1127:
1125:
1116:
1115:
1109:
1107:
1103:
1102:
1095:
1060:
1051:
1042:
1040:
1032:
1031:
1024:
1015:
1013:
1003:
999:
990:
988:
983:
982:
975:
924:
903:
887:
886:
874:
860:
859:
852:
843:
841:
832:
831:
822:
779:
770:
754:
753:
741:
725:
721:
668:
664:
621:
617:
556:
549:
506:
505:
501:
438:
429:
420:
418:
405:
404:
397:
392:
345:
337:
329:
320:
311:
309:River Resources
294:
289:
284:
268:
259:
238:
224:inhabiting the
214:
181:
168:
99:
52:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1828:
1818:
1817:
1812:
1807:
1802:
1797:
1792:
1787:
1782:
1777:
1772:
1767:
1762:
1757:
1752:
1747:
1742:
1725:
1724:
1722:
1721:
1713:
1709:Malaysian Gods
1705:
1697:
1693:The Big Durian
1689:
1683:
1680:
1679:
1677:
1676:
1671:
1666:
1661:
1656:
1651:
1646:
1641:
1636:
1631:
1626:
1621:
1616:
1611:
1606:
1601:
1596:
1591:
1586:
1580:
1578:
1574:
1573:
1571:
1570:
1564:
1562:
1558:
1557:
1555:
1554:
1549:
1544:
1539:
1533:
1531:
1527:
1526:
1524:
1523:
1518:
1512:
1510:
1506:
1505:
1503:
1502:
1497:
1491:
1489:
1485:
1484:
1482:
1481:
1476:
1471:
1466:
1461:
1456:
1451:
1446:
1441:
1436:
1431:
1426:
1421:
1416:
1411:
1406:
1401:
1396:
1391:
1386:
1381:
1376:
1371:
1366:
1361:
1359:Occupy Dataran
1356:
1351:
1346:
1341:
1336:
1331:
1326:
1321:
1316:
1311:
1306:
1301:
1296:
1291:
1286:
1281:
1276:
1271:
1266:
1261:
1256:
1251:
1246:
1240:
1238:
1234:
1233:
1219:
1218:
1211:
1204:
1196:
1188:
1187:
1162:
1151:A Time to Swim
1137:
1093:
1049:
1022:
997:
973:
938:(3): 468–510.
901:
872:
850:
820:
793:(3): 170–178.
768:
739:
719:
662:
635:(3): 468–510.
615:
547:
499:
452:(7): e101654.
427:
394:
393:
391:
388:
387:
386:
381:
376:
371:
366:
361:
356:
351:
344:
341:
336:
333:
328:
325:
319:
316:
310:
307:
293:
290:
288:
285:
283:
280:
276:neocolonialism
267:
264:
258:
255:
237:
234:
213:
210:
180:
177:
167:
164:
163:
162:
159:
152:
148:
141:
134:
127:
115:
98:
95:
71:Southeast Asia
51:
48:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1827:
1816:
1813:
1811:
1808:
1806:
1803:
1801:
1798:
1796:
1793:
1791:
1788:
1786:
1783:
1781:
1780:Direct action
1778:
1776:
1773:
1771:
1768:
1766:
1763:
1761:
1758:
1756:
1753:
1751:
1748:
1746:
1743:
1741:
1740:Deforestation
1738:
1737:
1735:
1720:
1718:
1714:
1712:
1710:
1706:
1704:
1702:
1698:
1696:
1694:
1690:
1688:
1685:
1684:
1681:
1675:
1672:
1670:
1667:
1665:
1662:
1660:
1657:
1655:
1652:
1650:
1647:
1645:
1642:
1640:
1637:
1635:
1632:
1630:
1627:
1625:
1622:
1620:
1617:
1615:
1612:
1610:
1607:
1605:
1602:
1600:
1597:
1595:
1592:
1590:
1587:
1585:
1582:
1581:
1579:
1575:
1569:
1566:
1565:
1563:
1559:
1553:
1550:
1548:
1545:
1543:
1540:
1538:
1535:
1534:
1532:
1528:
1522:
1519:
1517:
1514:
1513:
1511:
1507:
1501:
1498:
1496:
1493:
1492:
1490:
1486:
1480:
1477:
1475:
1472:
1470:
1467:
1465:
1462:
1460:
1457:
1455:
1452:
1450:
1447:
1445:
1442:
1440:
1437:
1435:
1432:
1430:
1427:
1425:
1422:
1420:
1417:
1415:
1412:
1410:
1407:
1405:
1402:
1400:
1397:
1395:
1392:
1390:
1387:
1385:
1382:
1380:
1377:
1375:
1372:
1370:
1367:
1365:
1362:
1360:
1357:
1355:
1352:
1350:
1347:
1345:
1342:
1340:
1337:
1335:
1332:
1330:
1327:
1325:
1322:
1320:
1317:
1315:
1312:
1310:
1307:
1305:
1302:
1300:
1297:
1295:
1292:
1290:
1287:
1285:
1282:
1280:
1277:
1275:
1272:
1270:
1267:
1265:
1262:
1260:
1257:
1255:
1252:
1250:
1247:
1245:
1242:
1241:
1239:
1235:
1231:
1226:
1217:
1212:
1210:
1205:
1203:
1198:
1197:
1194:
1177:
1173:
1166:
1153:
1152:
1144:
1142:
1133:
1120:
1106:
1100:
1098:
1089:
1085:
1081:
1077:
1073:
1069:
1065:
1058:
1056:
1054:
1039:
1035:
1029:
1027:
1012:
1008:
1001:
986:
980:
978:
969:
965:
961:
957:
953:
949:
945:
941:
937:
933:
929:
922:
920:
918:
916:
914:
912:
910:
908:
906:
897:
891:
883:
879:
875:
873:1-895123-20-8
869:
865:
864:
857:
855:
840:on 2021-12-01
839:
835:
829:
827:
825:
816:
812:
808:
804:
800:
796:
792:
788:
784:
777:
775:
773:
764:
758:
750:
746:
742:
736:
732:
731:
723:
715:
711:
707:
703:
698:
693:
689:
685:
681:
677:
673:
666:
658:
654:
650:
646:
642:
638:
634:
630:
626:
619:
611:
607:
602:
597:
593:
589:
585:
581:
577:
573:
569:
565:
561:
554:
552:
543:
539:
534:
529:
525:
521:
517:
513:
509:
503:
495:
491:
486:
481:
477:
473:
468:
463:
459:
455:
451:
447:
443:
436:
434:
432:
416:
412:
408:
402:
400:
395:
385:
382:
380:
377:
375:
372:
370:
367:
365:
362:
360:
357:
355:
352:
350:
347:
346:
340:
332:
324:
315:
306:
298:
282:Local impacts
279:
277:
273:
263:
257:Rural Kelabit
250:
246:
242:
236:Urban Kelabit
233:
231:
227:
223:
219:
205:
201:
198:
194:
190:
186:
172:
160:
157:
153:
149:
146:
142:
139:
135:
132:
128:
125:
121:
116:
113:
109:
105:
101:
100:
94:
91:
87:
82:
80:
76:
72:
68:
64:
60:
56:
47:
45:
41:
37:
33:
29:
25:
24:deforestation
21:
1760:Dayak people
1717:Tanda Putera
1716:
1708:
1700:
1692:
1546:
1237:Kuala Lumpur
1179:. Retrieved
1175:
1165:
1155:, retrieved
1150:
1128:|title=
1108:. Retrieved
1074:(1): 74–92.
1071:
1067:
1041:. Retrieved
1037:
1014:. Retrieved
1010:
1000:
989:. Retrieved
935:
931:
862:
842:. Retrieved
838:the original
790:
786:
729:
722:
679:
675:
665:
632:
628:
618:
567:
563:
515:
511:
502:
449:
445:
419:. Retrieved
415:the original
410:
369:Bruno Manser
338:
330:
321:
312:
303:
269:
260:
243:
239:
215:
182:
124:Bruno Manser
112:Baram region
83:
63:White Rajahs
53:
19:
18:
1719:(2013 film)
1711:(2009 film)
1703:(2007 film)
1695:(2003 film)
287:Subsistence
197:Baram River
120:Mutang Urud
1734:Categories
1181:2021-12-01
1157:2021-12-02
1110:2021-12-01
1043:2021-12-05
1016:2021-12-01
991:2021-12-01
844:2021-12-01
570:(1): 140.
421:2021-12-01
390:References
374:Long Napir
327:Economical
75:deforested
50:Background
1770:Blockades
1088:1749-4915
968:145061179
952:0010-4175
890:cite book
882:242031774
815:149315901
807:1177-1801
757:cite book
749:895070377
706:1755-263X
657:145061179
649:0010-4175
592:2045-2322
542:1523-1739
476:1932-6203
384:Tong Tana
156:Baram Dam
145:Murum dam
90:Malaysian
32:blockades
1119:cite web
714:92265629
610:30644427
494:25029192
446:PLOS ONE
343:See also
335:Cultural
200:century.
1530:Sarawak
1172:"Penan"
684:Bibcode
601:6333816
572:Bibcode
520:Bibcode
485:4100734
454:Bibcode
411:Culture
318:Hunting
292:Farming
272:Al Gore
218:Kelabit
212:Kelabit
193:Sarawak
86:Sarawak
59:Sarawak
44:Kelabit
28:Sarawak
1509:Penang
1086:
966:
960:179156
958:
950:
880:
870:
813:
805:
747:
737:
712:
704:
655:
647:
608:
598:
590:
540:
492:
482:
474:
222:Borneo
55:Borneo
1577:Other
1561:Sabah
1488:Perak
964:S2CID
956:JSTOR
811:S2CID
710:S2CID
682:(3).
653:S2CID
185:Penan
151:them.
108:Kayan
104:Penan
40:Kayan
36:Penan
1132:help
1084:ISSN
948:ISSN
896:link
878:OCLC
868:ISBN
803:ISSN
763:link
745:OCLC
735:ISBN
702:ISSN
645:ISSN
606:PMID
588:ISSN
538:ISSN
490:PMID
472:ISSN
216:The
183:The
138:Iban
106:and
42:and
1076:doi
940:doi
795:doi
692:doi
637:doi
596:PMC
580:doi
528:doi
480:PMC
462:doi
274:to
191:in
1736::
1174:.
1140:^
1123::
1121:}}
1117:{{
1096:^
1082:.
1070:.
1066:.
1052:^
1036:.
1025:^
1009:.
976:^
962:.
954:.
946:.
936:39
934:.
930:.
904:^
892:}}
888:{{
876:.
853:^
823:^
809:.
801:.
791:13
789:.
785:.
771:^
759:}}
755:{{
743:.
708:.
700:.
690:.
680:12
678:.
674:.
651:.
643:.
633:39
631:.
627:.
604:.
594:.
586:.
578:.
566:.
562:.
550:^
536:.
526:.
514:.
510:.
488:.
478:.
470:.
460:.
448:.
444:.
430:^
409:.
398:^
38:,
1215:e
1208:t
1201:v
1184:.
1134:)
1130:(
1090:.
1078::
1072:2
1046:.
1019:.
994:.
970:.
942::
898:)
884:.
847:.
817:.
797::
765:)
751:.
716:.
694::
686::
659:.
639::
612:.
582::
574::
568:9
544:.
530::
522::
516:5
496:.
464::
456::
450:9
424:.
158:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
.jpg)
