Flag of India - Knowledge

2190: 958:, and Gandhi commissioned Pingali Venkayya to design a flag with the spinning wheel on a red and green banner, the red colour signifying Hindus and the green standing for Muslims. Gandhi wanted the flag to be presented at the Congress session of 1921, but it was not delivered on time, and another flag was proposed at the session. Gandhi later wrote that the delay was fortuitous since it allowed him to realise that other religions were not represented; he then added white to the banner colours, to represent all the other religions. Finally, owing to the religious-political sensibilities, in 1929, Gandhi moved towards a more secular interpretation of the flag colours, stating that red stood for the sacrifices of the people, white for purity, and green for hope. 1661: 929: 1130: 2173:

by other national flags in alphabetical order. When placed in a circle, the Indian flag is the first point and is followed by other flags alphabetically. In such placement, all other flags should be of approximately the same size with no other flag being larger than the Indian flag. Each national flag should also be flown from its own pole and no flag should be placed higher than another. In addition to being the first flag, the Indian flag may also be placed within the row or circle alphabetically. When placed on crossed poles, the Indian flag should be in front of the other flag, and to the right (observer's left) of the other flag. The only exception to the preceding rule is when it is flown along with the

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are two kinds of khadi used: The first is the khadi-bunting which makes up the body of the flag, and the second is the khadi-duck, which is a beige-coloured cloth that holds the flag to the pole. The khadi-duck is an unconventional type of weave that meshes three threads into a weave, compared to the two threads used in conventional weaving. This type of weaving is extremely rare, and there are fewer than twenty weavers in India professing this skill. The guidelines also state that there should be exactly 150 threads per square centimetre, four threads per stitch, and one square foot should weigh exactly 205 grams (7.2 oz).

1886:. In the centre was a traditional spinning wheel, symbolising Gandhi's goal of making Indians self-reliant by fabricating their own clothing, between a red stripe for Hindus and a green stripe for Muslims. The design was then modified to replace red with saffron and to include a white stripe in the centre for other religious communities (as well to symbolise peace between the communities) and provide a background for the spinning wheel. However, to avoid sectarian associations with the colour scheme, the three bands were later reassigned new meanings: courage and sacrifice, peace and truth, and faith and chivalry respectively. 1301: 1960: 1203: 704: 1215: 861: 2098: 2008: 1067: 95: 1410: 1479: 645: 1030: 2230: 2077: 1035: 866: 709: 599: 1289: 1072: 650: 1447: 1435: 1361: 1467: 1965: 871: 714: 308: 249: 190: 85: 80: 1264: 232: 2049: 358: 1875: 2057: 291: 173: 2345: 7236: 7354: 1227: 90: 7246: 4113: 4041: 2369: 51: 2181:

higher than the other flags in the group. Its flagpole must be in front of the other poles in the group, but if they are on the same staff, it must be the uppermost flag. If the flag is carried in procession with other flags, it must be at the head of the marching procession, or if carried with a row of flags in line abreast, it must be carried to the marching right of the procession.

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flag. When out in the open, the flag should always be flown between sunrise and sunset, irrespective of the weather conditions. Prior to 2009, the flag could be flown on a public building at night under special circumstances; currently, Indian citizens can fly the flag even at night, subject to the restriction that the flag should be hoisted on a tall flagpole and be well-illuminated.

666:, a discussion started on the need for a heraldic symbol that was representative of the Indian empire. William Coldstream, a British member of the Indian Civil Service, campaigned the government to change the heraldic symbol from a star, which he considered to be a common choice, to something more appropriate. His proposal was not well received by the government; 2318:

onto each side of the white cloth. Care also has to be taken that the chakra is completely visible and synchronised on both sides. Three pieces of the required dimension, one of each colour, are then stitched together according to specifications and the final product is ironed and packed. The BIS then checks the colours and only then can the flag be sold.

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speaker's right hand. When it is displayed elsewhere in the hall, it should be to the right of the audience. The flag should be displayed completely spread out with the saffron stripe on top. If hung vertically on the wall behind the podium, the saffron stripe should be to the left of the onlookers facing the flag with the hoist cord at the top.

909:. The flag included the Union Jack in the upper left corner, a star and crescent in the upper right, and seven stars displayed diagonally from the lower right, on a background of five red and four green alternating bands. The flag resulted in the first governmental initiative against any nationalistic flag, as a magistrate in 2165:. The flag has to be flown from a staff affixed firmly either on the middle front or to the front right side of the car. When a foreign dignitary travels in a car provided by government, the flag should be flown on the right side of the car while the flag of the foreign country should be flown on the left side. 2084:

The flag, when carried in a procession or parade or with another flag or flags, should be on the marching right or alone in the centre at the front. The flag may form a distinctive feature of the unveiling of a statue, monument, or plaque, but should never be used as the covering for the object. As a

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Display and usage of the flag is governed by the Flag Code of India, 2002 (successor to the Flag Code – India, the original flag code); the Emblems and Names (Prevention of Improper Use) Act, 1950; and the Prevention of Insults to National Honor Act, 1971. Insults to the national flag, including

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flag with the spinning wheel, designed by Pingali Venkayya, was hoisted. This event resulted in a confrontation between the Congressmen and the police, after which five people were imprisoned. Over a hundred other protesters continued the flag procession after a meeting. Subsequently, on the first of

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flags share a similar colour scheme, featuring white and green in both. However, the Indian flag's saffron is replaced by a slightly different shade of orange in the Irish flag. Notably, the Irish flag displays these colours in vertical stripes, unlike the horizontal arrangement and inclusion of the

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or hand-spun cloth was the only material allowed to be used for the flag, and flying a flag made of any other material was punishable by law with imprisonment up to three years, besides a fine (although this was rarely enforced). Raw materials for khadi are restricted to cotton, silk and wool. There

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attention. Those present in uniform should render the appropriate salute. When the flag is in a moving column, persons present will stand at attention or salute as the flag passes them. A dignitary may take the salute without a head dress. The flag salutation should be followed by the playing of the

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should be towards each other with the saffron stripes uppermost. If the flag is displayed on a short flagpole, this should be mounted at an angle to the wall with the flag draped tastefully from it. If two national flags are displayed on crossed staffs, the hoists must be towards each other, and the

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While the flag agitation got its impetus from Gandhi's writings and discourses, the movement received political acceptance following the Nagpur incident. News reports, editorials and letters to editors published in various journals and newspapers of the time attest to the subsequent development of a

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When the Indian flag is displayed with non-national flags, including corporate flags and advertising banners, the rules state that if the flags are on separate staffs, the flag of India should be in the middle, or the furthest left from the viewpoint of the onlookers, or at least one flag's breadth

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When the Indian flag is flown on Indian territory along with other national flags, the general rule is that the Indian flag should be the starting point of all flags. When flags are placed in a straight line, the rightmost flag (leftmost to the observer facing the flag) is the Indian flag, followed

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The flag should be flown on the aircraft carrying the President, the Vice President or the Prime Minister on a visit to a foreign country. Alongside the National Flag, the flag of the country visited should also be flown; however, when the aircraft lands in countries en route, the national flags of

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to a person or thing, as opposed to regimental colours, organisational or institutional flags, which may be dipped as a mark of honour. During the ceremony of hoisting or lowering the flag, or when the flag is passing in a parade or in a review, all persons present should face the flag and stand at

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then amended the Indian Flag Code with effect from 26 January 2002, allowing private citizens to hoist the flag on any day of the year, subject to their safeguarding the dignity, honour and respect of the flag. It is also held that the code was not a statute and restrictions under the code ought to

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denotes renunciation or disinterestedness. Our leaders must be indifferent to material gains and dedicate themselves to their work. The white in the centre is light, the path of truth to guide our conduct. The green shows our relation to (the) soil, our relation to the plant life here, on which all

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Both the Flag code and IS1 call for the Ashoka Chakra to be printed or painted on both sides of the flag in navy blue. Below is the list of specified shades for all colours used on the national flag, with the exception of navy blue, from "IS1: Manufacturing standards for the Indian Flag" as defined

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The flag is flown half-mast nationwide on the death of the president, vice president or prime minister. It is flown half-mast in New Delhi and the state of origin for the Speaker of the Lok Sabha, Chief Justice of the Supreme Court, and Union Ministers. On deaths of governors, lieutenant governors

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Once woven, the material is sent to the BIS laboratories for testing. After quality testing, the material, if approved, is returned to the factory. It is then separated into three lots which are dyed saffron, white and green. The Ashoka Chakra is screen printed, stencilled or suitably embroidered

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as a sign of mourning. The decision to do so lies with the president of India, who also decides the period of such mourning. When the flag is to be flown at half mast, it must first be raised to the top of the mast and then slowly lowered. Only the Indian flag is flown half mast; all other flags

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Official regulation states that the flag must never touch the ground or water or be used as a drapery in any form. The flag may not be intentionally placed upside down, dipped in anything, or hold any objects other than flower petals before unfurling. No sort of lettering may be inscribed on the

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flag as a symbol of national unity. Thus, the flag became a significant structural component of the institution of India. In contrast to the subdued responses of the past, the British Indian government took greater cognisance of the new flag and began to define a policy of response. The British

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Observances of State mourning on the death of foreign dignitaries are governed by special instructions issued from the Ministry of Home Affairs in individual cases. However, in the event of death of either the Head of the State or Head of the Government of a foreign country, the Indian Mission

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Whenever the flag is displayed indoors in halls at public meetings or gatherings of any kind, it should always be on the right (observers' left), as this is the position of authority. So, when the flag is displayed next to a speaker in the hall or other meeting place, it must be placed on the

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The flag was proposed by Nehru at the Constituent Assembly on 22 July 1947 as a horizontal tricolour of deep saffron, white and dark green in equal proportions, with the Ashoka Chakra in blue in the centre of the white band. Nehru also presented two flags, one in Khadi-silk and the other in

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amended the code to allow limited usage. The code was amended once more in 2005 to allow some additional use including adaptations on certain forms of clothing. The flag code also governs the protocol of flying the flag and its use in conjunction with other national and non-national flags.

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Permission for setting up flag manufacturing units in India is allotted by the Khadi Development and Village Industries Commission, though the BIS has the power to cancel the licences of units that flout guidelines. The hand-woven khadi for the National Flag was initially manufactured at

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The original flag code also forbade use of the flag on uniforms, costumes and other clothing. In July 2005, the Government of India amended the code to allow some forms of usage. The amended code forbids usage in clothing below the waist and on undergarments, and forbids embroidering onto

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or virtue ought to be the controlling principle of those who work under this flag. Again, the wheel denotes motion. There is death in stagnation. There is life in movement. India should no more resist change, it must move and go forward. The wheel represents the dynamism of a peaceful

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A proposed flag for India from 1904, as seen in an Anglo-Indian weekly. The dark blue band represented Hindus and Buddhists, the green band represented Muslims, and the light blue band represented Christians. The vertical purple band on the left side contained the stars from the

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The flag should never be depicted, displayed or flown upside down. It is considered insulting to display the flag in a frayed or dirty state, and the same rule applies to the flagpoles and halyards used to hoist the flag, which should always be in a proper state of maintenance.

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the respective countries would be flown instead. When carrying the president within India, aircraft display the flag on the side the president embarks or disembarks; the flag is similarly flown on trains, but only when the train is stationary or approaching a railway station.

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reported that the movement drew from diverse groups of society including farmers, students, merchants, labourers and "national servants". While Muslim participation was moderate, the movement enthused women, who had hitherto rarely participated in the independence movement.

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Disposal of damaged flags is also covered by the flag code. Damaged or soiled flags may not be cast aside or disrespectfully destroyed; they have to be destroyed as a whole in private, preferably by burning or by any other method consistent with the dignity of the flag.

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be adopted as the National Flag of India with suitable modifications, so as to make it acceptable to all parties and communities. It was also resolved that the flag should not have any communal undertones. The spinning wheel of the Congress flag was replaced by the

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and law. However, Jawaharlal Nehru explained that the change was more practical in nature, as unlike the flag with the spinning wheel, this design would appear symmetrical. Gandhi was not very pleased by the change, but eventually came around to accepting it.

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which was adopted in India. The specifications were further amended on 17 August 1968. The specifications cover all the essential requirements of the manufacture of the Indian flag including sizes, dye colour, chromatic values, brightness, thread count and

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On occasions of state, military, central para-military forces funerals, the flag shall be draped over the bier or coffin with the saffron towards the head of the bier or coffin. The flag should not be lowered into the grave or burnt in the pyre.

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The size of the Ashoka Chakra is not specified in the flag code, but in section 4.3.1 of "IS1: Manufacturing standards for the Indian Flag", there is a chart that describes specific sizes of the flag and the chakra (reproduced alongside).

791:, comprised Indian religious symbols represented in western heraldic fashion. The tricolour flag included eight white lotuses on the upper green band representing the eight provinces, a sun and a crescent on the bottom red band, and the 2004:; he sought to strike down the restriction on the use of the flag by private citizens, arguing that hoisting the national flag with due decorum and honour was his right as a citizen, and a way of expressing his love for the country. 670:

rejected it for practical reasons including the multiplication of flags. Around this time, nationalist opinion within the realm was leading to a representation through religious tradition. The symbols that were in vogue included the

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parliament discussed public use of the flag, and based on directives from London, the British Indian government threatened to withdraw funds from municipalities and local governments that did not prevent the display of the

2213:(2 October), or state formation anniversaries, except over buildings housing the body of the deceased dignitary. However, even in such cases, the flag must be raised to full-mast when the body is moved from the building. 835:

caption split around the thunderbolt. It was also presented at the Indian National Congress meeting in 1906. Soon, many other proposals were initiated, but none of them gained attention from the nationalist movement.

2314:, a small village in the Dharwad district. A Centre was established at Garag in 1954 by a few freedom fighters under the banner of Dharwad Taluk Kshetriya Seva Sangh and obtained the centre's licence to make flags. 3516: 801:

bereft of any ceremony and the launch was only briefly covered by newspapers. The flag was not covered in contemporary governmental or political reports either but was used at the annual session of the

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gross affronts or indignities to it, as well as using it in a manner so as to violate the provisions of the Flag Code, are punishable by law with imprisonment up to three years, or a fine, or both.

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bond between the flag and the nation. Soon, the concept of preserving the honour of the national flag became an integral component of the independence struggle. While Muslims were still wary of the

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In the early 1920s, national flag discussions gained prominence across most British dominions following the peace treaty between Britain and Ireland. In November 1920, the Indian delegation to the

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In 1951, after India became a republic, the Indian Standards Institute (now the BIS) brought out the first official specifications for the flag. These were revised in 1964 to conform to the

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A white ensign with the Indian Flag in the canton, and a blue octagon with golden borders encasing the national emblem atop an anchor superimposed on a shield with the naval motto

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pointing out that there existed "no flag representative of India as a whole or any Indian province... Surely this is strange, seeing that but for India there would be no Empire."

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in the upper-left quadrant and a Star of India capped by the royal crown in the middle of the right half. To address the question of how the star conveyed "Indianness",

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with the idea of public processions and flag displays by common people. By the end of the movement, over 1500 people had been arrested across all of British India.

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be followed; also, the right to fly the flag is a qualified right, unlike the absolute rights guaranteed to citizens, and should be interpreted in the context of

2263:. The guidelines are covered under civil and criminal laws and defects in the manufacturing process can result in punishments that include fines or jail terms. 988:, promoted nationally by the Congress, started creating cracks within the organisation in which the Gandhians were highly enthused while the other group, the 2504: 2325:

amended the flag code to allow machine manufacturing of flags as well as the use of alternative materials including polyester, non-khadi cotton or silk.

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The rules regarding the correct methods to display the flag state that when two flags are fully spread out horizontally on a wall behind a podium, their

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flags must be fully spread out. The flag should never be used as a cloth to cover tables, lecterns, podiums or buildings, or be draped from railings.

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flag became the official flag of Congress at the 1931 meeting. However, by then, the flag had already become the symbol of the independence movement.

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cloth of silk or cotton. The standards were created in 1968 and were updated in 2008. Nine standard sizes of the flag are specified by law.

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Virmani, Arundhati (August 1999). "National Symbols under Colonial Domination: The Nationalization of the Indian Flag, March–August 1923".

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wanted to use an Indian flag, and this prompted the British Indian government to place renewed emphasis on the flag as a national symbol.

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by the rulers of different princely states; the idea of a single Indian flag was first raised by the British rulers of India after the

658:, which represented the provinces and states. The surrounding red border symbolised India being kept united and whole by British rule. 7314: 6013: 5830: 5714: 5494: 5186: 1081:'s 1947 proposal for the flag of India, effectively the flag of the Congress but with a Union Jack in the canton. It was rejected by 2474: 7282: 6484: 6451: 3049: 1765:. Approximate RGB values for use may be taken to be: India saffron #FF671F, white #FFFFFF, India green #046A38, navy blue #06038D. 7407: 7150: 6472: 4448: 2109:

The privilege of flying the national flag on vehicles is restricted to the President, the Vice President or the Prime Minister,

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The flag of India showcases three colours in a horizontal fashion: saffron, white and green with an Ashoka Chakra in the middle.

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received flags with symbols based on the heraldic criteria of Europe including the right to fly defaced British red ensigns.

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flag was chosen; the tricolour remained the same saffron, white and green. However, the spinning wheel was replaced by the

522:, which allocates it to regional groups. As of 2023, there are 4 units in India that are licensed to manufacture the flag. 2650: 2446:

The current flag is an adaptation of Venkayya's original design, but he is generally credited as the designer of the flag.

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The original flag code of India did not allow private citizens to fly the national flag except on national days such as

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Indian Flag, the first stamp of independent India, released on 21 November 1947, was meant for foreign correspondence.

695:(cow mother). However, all these symbols were Hindu-centric and did not suggest unity with India's Muslim population. 7397: 7340: 6609: 5729: 5519: 5446: 5132: 5070: 4706: 1466: 1263: 1034: 865: 708: 598: 3800: 3023: 2940: 7125: 6334: 6329: 6322: 5945: 5915: 5020: 4985: 4762: 1446: 1434: 17: 3774: 3709:

Roy, Srirupa (August 2006). "A Symbol of Freedom: The Indian Flag and the Transformations of Nationalism, 1906–".

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in 1907. Despite the multiple uses of the flag, it failed to generate enthusiasm amongst Indian nationalists.

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decided that the flag of India must be acceptable to all parties and communities. A modified version of the

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banned its use. The ban was followed by a public debate on the function and importance of a national flag.

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The design and manufacturing process for the national flag is regulated by three documents issued by the

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The Indian flag cannot be flown at half-mast on Republic Day (26 January), Independence day (15 August),

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and chief ministers, the flag is flown at half-mast in the respective states and union territories.

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of 3:2. All three horizontal bands of the flag (saffron, white and green) are equally sized. The

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Gandhi first proposed a flag to the Indian National Congress in 1921. The flag was designed by

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other life depends. The "Ashoka Chakra" in the centre of the white is the wheel of the law of

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submitted thirty new designs, in the form of a booklet funded by members of the High Court of

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A blue ensign with the Indian Flag in the canton, and a yellow anchor horizontally in the fly

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was formed. To select a flag for independent India, on 23 June 1947, the assembly set up an

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National Flag of India used to represent India internationally and domestically (1880–1947)

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IS 1 : 1968 Specification for the national flag of India (cotton khadi), Amendment 2

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Khadi-cotton, to the assembly. The resolution was approved unanimously. It served as the

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Jha, Sadan (25 October 2008). "The Indian National Flag as a site of daily plebiscite".

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A few days before India became independent on 15 August 1947, the specially constituted

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Finally, at the All India Congress Committee meeting in July 1923, at the insistence of

860: 7130: 7105: 7020: 7000: 6950: 6920: 6910: 6734: 6719: 6686: 6636: 6599: 6376: 6339: 6209: 6116: 6071: 6066: 5905: 5890: 5869: 5799: 5774: 5719: 5608: 5603: 5598: 5295: 4795: 4670: 4640: 4593: 4560: 4375: 4153: 3696: 3211: 3050:"IS 1 (1968): Specification for The National Flag of India (Cotton Khadi, PDF version)" 1950: 1910: 1503: 1115: 984:, gaining national attention and marking a significant point in the flag movement. The 526: 482: 500:

Before the amendment of the flag code in 2021, the flag was by law only to be made of

7245: 7216: 7095: 7090: 6970: 6773: 6763: 6758: 6661: 6646: 6381: 6263: 6258: 6121: 6101: 6096: 6008: 6003: 5820: 5769: 5580: 5379: 5243: 4944: 4598: 3895: 3751: 3743: 3726: 3718: 3669: 3661: 3632: 2567: 2533: 2097: 1176: 1066: 1023: 917: 894: 844: 826: 788: 758: 451: 447: 3276: 79: 7260: 7160: 7110: 7065: 7045: 7035: 6935: 6701: 6656: 6651: 6551: 6524: 6371: 6182: 6056: 6051: 6046: 5996: 5885: 5840: 5661: 5570: 5342: 5220: 5215: 5210: 5200: 4929: 4889: 4820: 4522: 4350: 4340: 4310: 4161: 4145: 4075: 3688: 2417: 2162: 1921: 1883: 1849: 1082: 996: 890: 750: 746: 494: 478: 455: 370: 248: 189: 147: 3929: 3840: 3816: 725:

on 22 August 1907, at the International Socialist Conference in Stuttgart, Germany

7358: 7135: 7050: 7030: 6915: 6905: 6800: 6724: 6666: 6631: 6312: 6290: 6214: 5991: 5115: 5110: 5100: 5093: 4861: 4716: 4701: 4527: 4410: 4169: 3889: 3864: 3238: 2353: 2339: 2138: 2126: 1103: 980: 822: 684: 530: 307: 28: 3957: 3026:. Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India. 25 January 2006. Archived from 1129: 644: 514:. The manufacturing process and specifications for the flag are laid out by the 7180: 7115: 7080: 7015: 6995: 6985: 6945: 6930: 6925: 6827: 6795: 6741: 6691: 6681: 6582: 6403: 6285: 6061: 5196: 4924: 4914: 4726: 4635: 4588: 4583: 4555: 4512: 4507: 4443: 4222: 4137: 4083: 2974: 2642: 2392: 2210: 2091: 1123: 1111: 1000: 975: 951: 937: 762: 738: 734: 637:

to honour services to the empire by her Indian subjects. Subsequently, all the

630: 583: 511: 474: 132: 1179:

between 15 August 1947 and 26 January 1950, and has served as the flag of the

7371: 7291: 7239: 7221: 7140: 7100: 7075: 7055: 6990: 6955: 6940: 6884: 6729: 6592: 6317: 5835: 5794: 5122: 5078: 4975: 4550: 4489: 4458: 4438: 4433: 4091: 3790: 3747: 3722: 3692: 3666:

A National Flag for India: Rituals, Nationalism and the Politics of Sentiment

3636: 3569:"Tiranga of Gwalior: Tricolor made in Gwalior hoisted in half of the country" 3368: 2932: 2427: 2382: 1993: 1898: 1511: 1172: 1144: 1047: 831: 807: 793: 766: 718: 613:

A number of flags with varying designs were used in the period preceding the

553:

to amend the code to allow flag usage by private citizens. Subsequently, the

542: 489: 437: 411: 403: 231: 136: 75: 3730: 2976:

IS 1 : 1968 Specification for the national flag of India (cotton khadi)

2294:, Khadi Dyers & Printers (also known as Kore Gramodyog Kendra) based in 2229: 357: 7060: 7025: 6980: 6975: 5845: 5815: 5362: 4825: 4542: 4428: 4238: 4129: 3755: 2612: 2374: 2150: 2134: 2086: 2065: 1874: 1507: 1119: 955: 932:

A reproduction of Gandhi's flag, introduced at the Congress meeting in 1921

898: 879: 780:

that sought to unite the multitude of castes and races within the country.

754: 722: 303: 244: 185: 2286:. As of 2022, there are four BIS flag production and supply units; namely 422:), is a horizontal rectangular tricolour flag, the colours being of India 7249: 6746: 5950: 5565: 5560: 5288: 5105: 5088: 4980: 4608: 4575: 4517: 4499: 4463: 3027: 2158: 2154: 1830: 942: 742: 606: 593: 2344: 1959: 1913:, clarified the adopted flag and described its significance as follows: 1022:

flag, it gained acceptance among Muslim leaders of the Congress and the

290: 172: 5789: 5681: 5083: 4767: 4565: 4185: 3763: 3595:"Har Ghar Tiranga: National flag can now be machine-made, in polyester" 3332: 2198: 910: 663: 626: 388:

A sky blue ensign with the Indian Flag in the canton and the Air Force

331: 3700: 2048: 961:

On 13 April 1923, during a procession by local Congress volunteers in

5283: 3998: 3441: 3408: 2283: 2233:

A header of an Indian flag (size 6, date 2007/2008) certified by the

1306:

Flag of the Royal Indian Marine and the Royal Indian Navy (1924–1947)

1029: 849: 821:

Around the same time, another proposal for the flag was initiated by

815: 797:

slogan in Hindi on the central yellow band. The flag was launched in

450:

on 15 August 1947. The flag was subsequently retained as that of the

419: 4856: 1094:

A few days before India gained its independence in August 1947, the

5686: 4721: 2295: 2279: 2217:

accredited to that country may fly the national flag at half-mast.

2102: 2056: 135:

of India saffron, white, and India green; charged with a navy blue

4112: 2076: 2052:

Placement protocol for the Indian flag with another country's flag

1683:. The navy blue colour can be found in the standard IS:1803–1973. 2303: 2275: 1792: 1766: 798: 672: 477:

after making significant modifications to the design proposed by

389: 6853: 1137:

On 14 July 1947, the committee recommended that the flag of the

50: 4268: 4246: 3176:. Ministry of Home Affairs, Government of India. Archived from 2868:. Press Information Bureau, Government of India. 4 April 2002. 1926: 1162: 962: 954:

at the centre. The idea of the spinning wheel was put forth by

621:, which resulted in the establishment of direct imperial rule. 978:, the secretary of the Nagpur Congress Committee, started the 4040: 3469:"Specification for the national flag of India (Cotton khadi)" 2311: 2299: 2291: 2267: 2245: 2015:

At the end of the appeals process, the case was heard by the

1931: 1180: 946:

about the need for an Indian flag, proposing a flag with the

510:; a special type of hand-spun cloth or silk, made popular by 504: 446:

held on 22 July 1947, and it became the official flag of the

427: 407: 1769:

values closest to this are 165 C, White, 2258 C and 2735 C.

1042:, officially adopted by the Indian National Congress in 1931 776:

resulted in the introduction of a new flag representing the

6446: 2274:

The woven khadi is obtained from two handloom units in the

2260: 2257: 1811: 680: 3083: 2972: 662:

In the early twentieth century, around the coronation of

3171:"The Prevention of Insults To National Honour Act, 1971" 721:, design of the "Flag of Indian Independence" raised by 541:. In 2002, on hearing an appeal from a private citizen, 2177:, which may be placed to the right of the Indian flag. 1901:

representing the eternal wheel of law. The philosopher

806:. A slightly modified version was subsequently used by 765:, a blue, white and red flag was adopted to symbolise 27:"Tiranga" redirects here. For the Bollywood film, see 5495:

Bureau of Police Research and Development (BPR&D)

2893:.(1989) Philately branch, Department of Posts, India. 7290: 3201: 2364: 2036:

pillowcases, handkerchiefs or other dress material.

458:" almost always refers to the Indian national flag. 1968:

Correct horizontal and vertical display of the flag

520:

Khadi Development and Village Industries Commission

518:. The right to manufacture the flag is held by the 5343:Governors, Lieutenant Governors and Administrators 3979:. Ministry of Home Affairs (India). Archived from 3098:Knowledge articles for the respective colour names 2720: 1955:Prevention of Insults to National Honour Act, 1971 753:, an orange-white-blue flag. This flag symbolised 635:Knight Commander of the Order of the Star of India 2636: 2634: 2019:; the court ruled in Jindal's favour, asking the 1208:Official State flag for use between 1858 and 1947 7369: 3401: 3364:"Why all national flags will be 'Made in Hubli'" 2085:mark of respect to the flag, it should never be 3541: 2640: 208:A red ensign with the Indian Flag in the canton 3489: 3297: 2631: 2193:Indian flag flown at half-mast at the Red Fort 2060:Placement protocol for the Indian flag indoors 1391:Flag of the Royal Indian Air Force (1945–1947) 698: 7276: 6869: 4284: 4023: 2559: 2553: 2302:, and the Madhya Bharat Khadi Sangh based in 1186: 3331:. Bureau of Indian Standards. Archived from 2856: 2854: 2852: 2563:World History: Journeys from Past to Present 2497:"National Identity Elements - National Flag" 1761:The values given in the table correspond to 733:, which established the independence of the 588: 2850: 2848: 2846: 2844: 2842: 2840: 2838: 2836: 2834: 2832: 1679:in the 1931 CIE Colour Specifications with 1415:Flag of the Indian Air Force (2023–present) 1294:Flag of the Royal Indian Marine (1879–1924) 1046:Detractors of the flag movement, including 502: 463: 435: 59: 7283: 7269: 6876: 6862: 4291: 4277: 4030: 4016: 3434: 3397: 3395: 3393: 3391: 2968: 2966: 2964: 2962: 2960: 2958: 2519: 2288:Karnataka Khadi Gramodyoga Samyukta Sangha 1423: 5505:Directorate of Revenue Intelligence (DRI) 5385:Fundamental rights, principles and duties 3207:"Now, Indians can fly Tricolour at night" 2580: 5447:Central Industrial Security Force (CISF) 3079: 3077: 2829: 2610: 2343: 2244:(BIS). All of the flags are made out of 2228: 2224: 2188: 2096: 2075: 2055: 2047: 2006: 1958: 1873: 1403:Flag of the Indian Air Force (1950–2023) 1128: 1065: 1028: 927: 859: 702: 643: 592: 6546: 4449:Achaemenid conquest of the Indus Valley 3682: 3660: 3388: 3357: 3355: 3353: 3018: 3016: 3014: 2955: 2926: 2924: 2811: 2799: 2775: 2751: 2695: 2683: 2671: 2586: 2532:(in Maltese). Roli Books. p. 121. 2357:Ashoka Chakra in the Indian tricolour. 2030:Article 19 of the Constitution of India 1160:was chosen as it was representative of 812:second International Socialist Congress 14: 7370: 5735:Securities and Exchange Board of India 4842:National Geological Monuments of India 3361: 3261: 3012: 3010: 3008: 3006: 3004: 3002: 3000: 2998: 2996: 2994: 2930: 2619:from the original on 17 September 2005 2525: 1638: 1514:has twenty-four evenly spaced spokes. 1366:Flag of the Indian Navy (2022–present) 1269:Flag of the Indian Army (1947–present) 7264: 6857: 6545: 5659: 5535:Research and Analysis Wing (R&AW) 5500:Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI) 5241: 4793: 4308: 4272: 4011: 3887: 3875:from the original on 21 November 2007 3362:Vattam, Shyam Sundar (15 June 2004). 3249:from the original on 21 November 2007 3147:. Government of India. 3 April 2002. 3121:from the original on 15 December 2008 3074: 3055:. Government of India. Archived from 2653:from the original on 7 September 2020 2566:. Taylor & Francis. p. 667. 1506:, the Indian flag has a width:height 1232:National Flag of India (1947–present) 525:Usage of the flag is governed by the 3851:from the original on 19 October 2017 3803:from the original on 18 October 2006 3777:from the original on 11 January 2019 3435:Chandaraju, Aruna (15 August 2004). 3350: 3291: 2943:from the original on 18 October 2006 2921: 2906:series of stamps, Indian Posts, 1948 2884: 1484:State Ensign of India (1947–present) 1472:Civil Ensign of India (1947–present) 923: 825:, a Hindu reformist and disciple of 5530:National Investigation Agency (NIA) 5452:Central Reserve Police Force (CRPF) 5141:Autonomous administrative divisions 3737: 3708: 3402:Aruna Chandaraju (15 August 2004). 3306:from the original on 6 January 2019 3133: 3084:Bureau of Indian Standards (1979). 2991: 2973:Bureau of Indian Standards (1968). 2915: 2823: 2787: 2763: 2707: 2598: 1354:Flag of the Indian Navy (2014–2022) 1342:Flag of the Indian Navy (2004–2014) 1330:Flag of the Indian Navy (2001–2004) 1318:Flag of the Indian Navy (1947–2001) 1257:Flag of the Indian Army (1876–1947) 24: 5520:Joint Intelligence Committee (JIC) 4111: 3300:"Indians can wear flag with pride" 2896: 2111:Governors and Lieutenant Governors 1374: 905:adopted a new flag as part of the 25: 7419: 6883: 5715:Ministry of Commerce and Industry 5457:Indo-Tibetan Border Police (ITBP) 4742:Indian Peace Keeping Force (IPKF) 3910: 3605:from the original on 11 June 2022 3542:Manish Upadhyay (6 August 2022). 3490:Nitin Sreedhar (14 August 2016). 2507:from the original on 15 July 2022 2440: 1905:, who later became India's first 1497: 1452:State Ensign of India (1880–1947) 1440:Civil Ensign of India (1880–1947) 1089: 691:. Another symbol was the cow, or 7352: 7244: 7235: 7234: 4298: 4039: 3827:from the original on 1 June 2015 3653: 3445:. Chennai, India. Archived from 3412:. Chennai, India. Archived from 3269:"Union of India v. Navin Jindal" 3151:from the original on 20 May 2015 2872:from the original on 22 May 2006 2641:Dipesh Navsaria (27 July 1996). 2560:Goucher, C.; Walton, L. (2013). 2529:Gandhi: An Illustrated Biography 2367: 2328: 1963: 1666:Ashoka Chakra construction sheet 1659: 1654:Flag of India construction sheet 1647: 1477: 1465: 1445: 1433: 1408: 1396: 1384: 1359: 1347: 1335: 1323: 1311: 1299: 1287: 1262: 1250: 1225: 1213: 1201: 1070: 1033: 869: 864: 712: 707: 648: 597: 356: 306: 289: 247: 230: 188: 171: 93: 88: 83: 78: 49: 4758:History of India (1947–present) 3617: 3587: 3561: 3535: 3509: 3483: 3461: 3428: 3318: 3231: 3195: 3163: 3101: 3092: 3042: 2909: 2817: 2805: 2793: 2781: 2769: 2757: 2745: 2713: 2701: 2689: 2677: 2665: 2477:from the original on 1 May 2020 1533:Diameter of Ashoka Chakra (mm) 729:In Europe, in 1579, during the 580:Tricolour (flag) § History 529:and other laws relating to the 7408:Horizontally symmetrical flags 7202:British Indian Ocean Territory 5525:Narcotics Control Bureau (NCB) 5477:Special Protection Group (SPG) 5467:Railway Protection Force (RPF) 3298:Chadha, Monica (6 July 2005). 2931:Heimer, Željko (2 July 2006). 2891:India Postage Stamps 1947–1988 2604: 2592: 2489: 2459: 2348:The Irish Flag and Indian Flag 1191: 787:flag, part of the nationalist 572:Flag of the East India Company 13: 1: 6620:Engineering colleges in India 6249:Electronics and semiconductor 5462:National Security Guard (NSG) 5206:World Heritage Sites in India 4794: 3946:"History of Indian Tricolour" 3740:Economic and Political Weekly 2453: 2333: 1771: 1277: 1240: 992:, called it inconsequential. 139:with 24 spokes in the centre. 7393:1947 establishments in India 5510:Enforcement Directorate (ED) 5331:State legislative assemblies 5242: 5171:States and union territories 4880:Biogeographic classification 3894:. John Murray. p. 217. 3471:. Bureau of Indian Standards 2197:The flag should be flown at 2184: 2023:to consider the matter. The 1869: 778:Indian independence movement 689:Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay 615:Indian independence movement 487:which was replaced with the 7: 6677:Water supply and sanitation 5660: 5442:Border Security Force (BSF) 5187:National monuments of India 4309: 3841:"Flying the real tricolour" 2398:Largest Human Flag of India 2360: 2298:, KDP Enterprises based in 1944: 1687:Materials 3.1.2.2: Colours 1522:Sizes of the National Flag 853:of London in the run-up to 699:Early tricolour development 503: 464: 436: 60: 10: 7424: 5730:Central Statistical Office 5336:State legislative councils 5311:Union Council of Ministers 3771:Bureau of Indian Standards 3668:. Delhi, Permanent Black. 3141:"Flag Code of India, 2002" 2862:"Flag code of India, 2002" 2727:Luton Times and Advertiser 2613:"British Raj Marineflagge" 2408:List of Indian state flags 2337: 2242:Bureau of Indian Standards 2175:flag of the United Nations 2043: 1998:public interest litigation 1948: 1673: 1187:Timeline of official flags 774:partition of Bengal (1905) 565: 561: 516:Bureau of Indian Standards 26: 7383:National symbols of India 7349: 7328: 7302: 7230: 7189: 7149: 6891: 6700: 6610:Medical colleges in India 6565: 6561: 6541: 6460: 6429: 6165: 6034: 5974: 5926: 5878: 5808: 5760:Foreign exchange reserves 5755:Foreign direct investment 5725:Economic Advisory Council 5695: 5672: 5668: 5655: 5579: 5551: 5485: 5472:Sashastra Seema Bal (SSB) 5434: 5425: 5370: 5361: 5254: 5250: 5237: 5179: 5131: 5069: 4958: 4870: 4852:Sacred mountains of India 4834: 4806: 4802: 4789: 4750: 4679: 4574: 4541: 4498: 4477: 4424:Indus Valley Civilisation 4409: 4321: 4317: 4304: 4231: 4205: 4122: 4109: 4052: 4046:National symbols of India 3817:"India: Historical Flags" 2739:British Newspaper Archive 2202:remain at normal height. 1492: 967:Jallianwala Bagh massacre 876:Indian Home Rule Movement 843:, former Governor of the 589:Pre-independence movement 481:. This flag included the 461:The flag is based on the 396: 384: 376: 364: 355: 346: 342: 338: 322: 314: 297: 288: 279: 275: 271: 263: 255: 238: 229: 220: 216: 212: 204: 196: 179: 170: 161: 157: 153: 143: 127: 109: 101: 69: 57: 48: 44: 7398:Flags introduced in 1947 6951:East Timor (Timor-Leste) 5896:Multi Commodity Exchange 5515:Intelligence Bureau (IB) 4194:Lactobacillus bulgaricus 3950:National Portal of India 3922:National Portal of India 3891:The Last Days of the Raj 3711:Journal of Asian Studies 3523:(in Hindi). 30 July 2022 3145:Press Information Bureau 2433: 2423:National Emblem of India 1903:Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan 1878:Flag of India, New Delhi 1154:Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan 1139:Indian National Congress 1005:Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel 804:Indian National Congress 471:Indian National Congress 7212:Cocos (Keeling) Islands 5740:Enforcement Directorate 5201:Indian-origin religions 5192:National parks of India 5001:Highest point by states 4763:Economic liberalisation 3625:"One nation, two flags" 3114:Encyclopædia Britannica 2643:"Indian Flag Proposals" 1424:Civil and state ensigns 1108:Maulana Abul Kalam Azad 749:in the world, known as 7329:National coats of arms 6710:Arts and entertainment 6345:Science and technology 6281:Information technology 5961:Government initiatives 4857:Sacred rivers of India 4847:Sacred groves of India 4401:Science and technology 4116: 3888:Royle, Trevor (1997). 3693:10.1093/past/164.1.169 3273:Supreme Court of India 3088:. Government of India. 2902:Souvenir sheet of the 2501:knowindia.india.gov.in 2349: 2282:districts of northern 2237: 2194: 2143:Supreme Court of India 2106: 2081: 2061: 2053: 2025:Union Cabinet of India 2017:Supreme Court of India 2012: 1969: 1942: 1879: 1574:1800 × 1200 1563:2700 × 1800 1552:3600 × 2400 1541:6300 × 4200 1530:Width and height (mm) 1150:Lion Capital of Ashoka 1134: 1086: 1043: 1026:as the national flag. 933: 886: 726: 659: 639:Indian princely states 610: 555:Union Cabinet of India 547:Supreme Court of India 454:. In India, the term " 115:; 77 years ago 7341:Dependent territories 7315:Dependent territories 6667:Socio-economic issues 6615:Law colleges in India 6605:Universities in India 5853:Reserve Bank of India 4656:Independence movement 4454:Indo-Parthian Kingdom 4115: 3865:"My Flag, My Country" 3599:The Business Standard 3496:The Financial Express 3492:"The tricolour story" 3239:"My Flag, My Country" 2979:. Government of India 2347: 2321:In December 2021 the 2232: 2225:Manufacturing process 2192: 2100: 2079: 2059: 2051: 2010: 1962: 1915: 1877: 1763:CIE 1931 colour space 1585:1350 × 900 1132: 1069: 1032: 940:wrote in his journal 931: 863: 706: 647: 596: 65:(meaning "Tricolour") 7126:United Arab Emirates 5941:Economic development 5785:Voluntary guidelines 5780:Industrial licensing 4910:Environmental issues 4692:Non-Aligned Movement 4469:Seleucid–Mauryan war 4178:Ganges river dolphin 3974:"Flag Code of India" 3449:on 23 September 2009 3416:on 23 September 2009 3338:on 11 September 2008 3205:(24 December 2009). 3203:Press Trust of India 3024:"Flag Code of India" 2403:List of Indian flags 1891:Constituent Assembly 1704:Brightness, Percent 1629:150 × 100 1618:225 × 150 1607:450 × 300 1596:900 × 600 1102:committee headed by 1096:Constituent Assembly 1010:The Bombay Chronicle 576:List of Indian flags 568:Star of India (flag) 469:flag, a flag of the 444:Constituent Assembly 7359:Heraldry portal 7153:limited recognition 5703:Ministry of Finance 4707:Indo-Pakistani wars 4651:Partition of Bengal 3954:Government of India 3926:Government of India 3279:on 24 December 2004 2526:Kapoor, P. (2018). 2388:Indian Naval Ensign 2323:Government of India 2123:Parliament of India 2101:Indian Flag at the 2021:Government of India 2002:High Court of Delhi 1775:Colour scheme 1688: 1639:Construction Sheets 1523: 903:Bal Gangadhar Tilak 884:Bal Gangadhar Tilak 677:Bal Gangadhar Tilak 656:Orion constellation 551:Government of India 41: 7403:Flags with circles 6672:Standard of living 6362:Telecommunications 5879:Financial services 5800:Atmanirbhar Bharat 5720:Finance Commission 4885:Biosphere reserves 4641:Bengal Renaissance 4629:Commander-in-Chief 4594:East India Company 4117: 4003:Flags of the World 3986:on 19 October 2017 3932:on 26 January 2010 3821:Flags of the World 3796:Flags of the World 3764:"Indian Standards" 3685:Past & Present 3662:Virmani, Arundhati 3629:The Times of India 3548:Free Press Journal 3326:"Indian Standards" 3212:The Times of India 3183:on 23 January 2017 3062:on 22 October 2016 3030:on 10 January 2006 2937:Flags of the World 2918:, pp. 106–107 2814:, pp. 187–191 2802:, pp. 181–186 2790:, pp. 503–505 2778:, pp. 177–178 2754:, pp. 176–177 2722:"A Flag for India" 2710:, pp. 498–499 2698:, pp. 175–176 2647:Flags of the World 2467:"National Symbols" 2350: 2238: 2195: 2127:state legislatures 2107: 2082: 2062: 2054: 2013: 1970: 1951:Flag code of India 1880: 1686: 1521: 1504:Flag code of India 1135: 1116:C. Rajagopalachari 1087: 1050:, soon hailed the 1044: 965:commemorating the 934: 907:Home Rule Movement 887: 808:Madam Bhikaji Cama 745:adopted the first 727: 660: 611: 527:Flag Code of India 39: 7365: 7364: 7258: 7257: 7195:other territories 6851: 6850: 6847: 6846: 6843: 6842: 6537: 6536: 6533: 6532: 6082:Jammu and Kashmir 5708:Finance ministers 5651: 5650: 5647: 5646: 5639:Women in politics 5614:Political parties 5547: 5546: 5543: 5542: 5353:Chief Secretaries 5326:State governments 5321:Cabinet Secretary 5274:Foreign relations 5233: 5232: 5229: 5228: 4785: 4784: 4781: 4780: 4773:COVID-19 pandemic 4646:Political reforms 4266: 4265: 4173:(Heritage animal) 3901:978-0-7195-5686-9 3675:978-81-7824-232-3 3575:. 26 January 2023 3521:zeenews.india.com 3219:on 11 August 2011 2573:978-1-135-08828-6 2539:978-81-936009-1-7 2141:), judges of the 2121:, members of the 2080:A flag procession 1867: 1866: 1759: 1758: 1636: 1635: 1502:According to the 1181:Republic of India 1177:Dominion of India 1079:Louis Mountbatten 1024:Khilafat Movement 924:Gandhi's activism 918:League of Nations 845:Madras Presidency 827:Swami Vivekananda 789:Swadeshi movement 759:French Revolution 731:Eighty Years' War 619:rebellion of 1857 452:Republic of India 400: 399: 113:22 July 1947 40:Republic of India 16:(Redirected from 7415: 7357: 7356: 7355: 7336:Sovereign states 7310:Sovereign states 7285: 7278: 7271: 7262: 7261: 7248: 7238: 7237: 7207:Christmas Island 6893:Sovereign states 6878: 6871: 6864: 6855: 6854: 6806:Physical culture 6627:Ethnic relations 6563: 6562: 6543: 6542: 6525:Mumbai Consensus 6077:Himachal Pradesh 5966:Numbering system 5956:Green revolution 5831:Historical Forex 5670: 5669: 5657: 5656: 5629:Scheduled groups 5432: 5431: 5368: 5367: 5252: 5251: 5239: 5238: 5221:Tourism in India 5216:History of India 5211:Culture of India 4821:Geology of India 4804: 4803: 4791: 4790: 4722:Naxal Insurgency 4717:White Revolution 4712:Green Revolution 4319: 4318: 4306: 4305: 4293: 4286: 4279: 4270: 4269: 4259: 4251: 4243: 4213:Independence Day 4198: 4190: 4182: 4181:(Aquatic animal) 4174: 4166: 4158: 4150: 4142: 4134: 4104: 4096: 4088: 4080: 4076:Satyameva Jayate 4072: 4064: 4044: 4043: 4032: 4025: 4018: 4009: 4008: 3995: 3993: 3991: 3985: 3978: 3969: 3967: 3965: 3960:on 9 August 2010 3956:. Archived from 3941: 3939: 3937: 3928:. Archived from 3905: 3884: 3882: 3880: 3860: 3858: 3856: 3836: 3834: 3832: 3812: 3810: 3808: 3786: 3784: 3782: 3768: 3759: 3734: 3704: 3687:(164): 169–197. 3679: 3648: 3647: 3645: 3643: 3631:. 7 March 2011. 3621: 3615: 3614: 3612: 3610: 3591: 3585: 3584: 3582: 3580: 3565: 3559: 3558: 3556: 3554: 3539: 3533: 3532: 3530: 3528: 3513: 3507: 3506: 3504: 3502: 3487: 3481: 3480: 3478: 3476: 3465: 3459: 3458: 3456: 3454: 3432: 3426: 3425: 3423: 3421: 3399: 3386: 3385: 3383: 3381: 3372:. Archived from 3359: 3348: 3347: 3345: 3343: 3337: 3330: 3322: 3316: 3315: 3313: 3311: 3295: 3289: 3288: 3286: 3284: 3275:. Archived from 3265: 3259: 3258: 3256: 3254: 3245:. 13 June 2001. 3235: 3229: 3228: 3226: 3224: 3215:. Archived from 3199: 3193: 3192: 3190: 3188: 3182: 3175: 3167: 3161: 3160: 3158: 3156: 3137: 3131: 3130: 3128: 3126: 3105: 3099: 3096: 3090: 3089: 3081: 3072: 3071: 3069: 3067: 3061: 3054: 3046: 3040: 3039: 3037: 3035: 3020: 2989: 2988: 2986: 2984: 2970: 2953: 2952: 2950: 2948: 2928: 2919: 2913: 2907: 2900: 2894: 2888: 2882: 2881: 2879: 2877: 2858: 2827: 2821: 2815: 2809: 2803: 2797: 2791: 2785: 2779: 2773: 2767: 2761: 2755: 2749: 2743: 2742: 2736: 2734: 2724: 2717: 2711: 2705: 2699: 2693: 2687: 2681: 2675: 2669: 2663: 2662: 2660: 2658: 2638: 2629: 2628: 2626: 2624: 2608: 2602: 2596: 2590: 2584: 2578: 2577: 2557: 2551: 2550: 2548: 2546: 2523: 2517: 2516: 2514: 2512: 2493: 2487: 2486: 2484: 2482: 2471:www.india.gov.in 2463: 2447: 2444: 2418:Satyameva Jayate 2377: 2372: 2371: 2370: 2000:petition in the 1986:Independence Day 1967: 1884:Pingali Venkayya 1772: 1689: 1685: 1663: 1651: 1524: 1520: 1481: 1469: 1449: 1437: 1412: 1400: 1388: 1363: 1351: 1339: 1327: 1315: 1303: 1291: 1266: 1254: 1229: 1217: 1205: 1126:as its members. 1083:Jawaharlal Nehru 1076:Governor-General 1074: 1037: 997:Jawaharlal Nehru 891:Pingali Venkayya 873: 868: 716: 711: 652: 601: 535:Independence day 531:national emblems 508: 495:Jawaharlal Nehru 479:Pingali Venkayya 467: 441: 371:Air force ensign 360: 349:Air force Ensign 328:"Śaṁ No Varuṇaḥ" 310: 293: 251: 234: 192: 175: 148:Pingali Venkayya 144:Designed by 123: 121: 116: 97: 92: 87: 82: 63: 53: 42: 38: 21: 18:Indian tricolour 7423: 7422: 7418: 7417: 7416: 7414: 7413: 7412: 7368: 7367: 7366: 7361: 7353: 7351: 7345: 7324: 7298: 7289: 7259: 7254: 7226: 7194: 7185: 7166:Northern Cyprus 7152: 7145: 6887: 6882: 6852: 6839: 6811:Public holidays 6696: 6642:Life expectancy 6557: 6556: 6529: 6456: 6425: 6330:Pharmaceuticals 6161: 6030: 5970: 5936:COVID-19 impact 5922: 5874: 5804: 5691: 5664: 5643: 5575: 5539: 5481: 5421: 5417:District Courts 5357: 5348:Chief Ministers 5246: 5225: 5175: 5127: 5065: 5039:Western coastal 5034:Eastern coastal 5021:Mountain passes 4954: 4940:Protected areas 4866: 4862:Stones of India 4830: 4798: 4777: 4746: 4732:Space programme 4702:Sino-Indian War 4697:Five-Year Plans 4675: 4570: 4537: 4528:Delhi Sultanate 4494: 4485:Middle kingdoms 4478:Middle Kingdoms 4473: 4405: 4313: 4300: 4297: 4267: 4262: 4257: 4255:Indian Calendar 4249: 4241: 4227: 4201: 4196: 4188: 4180: 4172: 4170:Indian elephant 4164: 4156: 4148: 4140: 4132: 4123:Flora and fauna 4118: 4107: 4102: 4100:National Pledge 4094: 4086: 4078: 4070: 4068:Emblem of India 4062: 4048: 4038: 4036: 3989: 3987: 3983: 3976: 3972: 3963: 3961: 3944: 3935: 3933: 3918:"National Flag" 3916: 3913: 3908: 3902: 3878: 3876: 3863: 3854: 3852: 3839: 3830: 3828: 3815: 3806: 3804: 3789: 3780: 3778: 3766: 3762: 3676: 3656: 3651: 3641: 3639: 3623: 3622: 3618: 3608: 3606: 3601:. 1 June 2022. 3593: 3592: 3588: 3578: 3576: 3567: 3566: 3562: 3552: 3550: 3540: 3536: 3526: 3524: 3515: 3514: 3510: 3500: 3498: 3488: 3484: 3474: 3472: 3467: 3466: 3462: 3452: 3450: 3437:"The flag town" 3433: 3429: 3419: 3417: 3404:"The Flag Town" 3400: 3389: 3379: 3377: 3360: 3351: 3341: 3339: 3335: 3328: 3324: 3323: 3319: 3309: 3307: 3296: 3292: 3282: 3280: 3267: 3266: 3262: 3252: 3250: 3237: 3236: 3232: 3222: 3220: 3200: 3196: 3186: 3184: 3180: 3173: 3169: 3168: 3164: 3154: 3152: 3139: 3138: 3134: 3124: 3122: 3109:"Flag of India" 3107: 3106: 3102: 3097: 3093: 3082: 3075: 3065: 3063: 3059: 3052: 3048: 3047: 3043: 3033: 3031: 3022: 3021: 2992: 2982: 2980: 2971: 2956: 2946: 2944: 2929: 2922: 2914: 2910: 2901: 2897: 2889: 2885: 2875: 2873: 2860: 2859: 2830: 2822: 2818: 2810: 2806: 2798: 2794: 2786: 2782: 2774: 2770: 2762: 2758: 2750: 2746: 2732: 2730: 2719: 2718: 2714: 2706: 2702: 2694: 2690: 2682: 2678: 2670: 2666: 2656: 2654: 2639: 2632: 2622: 2620: 2609: 2605: 2597: 2593: 2585: 2581: 2574: 2558: 2554: 2544: 2542: 2540: 2524: 2520: 2510: 2508: 2495: 2494: 2490: 2480: 2478: 2465: 2464: 2460: 2456: 2451: 2450: 2445: 2441: 2436: 2413:National Pledge 2373: 2368: 2366: 2363: 2352:The Indian and 2342: 2340:Flag of Ireland 2336: 2331: 2227: 2187: 2139:Vidhan Parishad 2119:Union Ministers 2115:Chief Ministers 2092:national anthem 2046: 1957: 1949:Main articles: 1947: 1872: 1676: 1671: 1670: 1669: 1668: 1667: 1664: 1656: 1655: 1652: 1641: 1500: 1495: 1490: 1489: 1488: 1485: 1482: 1473: 1470: 1458: 1457: 1456: 1453: 1450: 1441: 1438: 1426: 1421: 1420: 1419: 1416: 1413: 1404: 1401: 1392: 1389: 1377: 1375:Air force flags 1372: 1371: 1370: 1367: 1364: 1355: 1352: 1343: 1340: 1331: 1328: 1319: 1316: 1307: 1304: 1295: 1292: 1280: 1275: 1274: 1273: 1270: 1267: 1258: 1255: 1243: 1238: 1237: 1236: 1233: 1230: 1221: 1218: 1209: 1206: 1194: 1189: 1152:. According to 1104:Rajendra Prasad 1092: 981:Flag Satyagraha 936:In April 1921, 926: 823:Sister Nivedita 741:, newly formed 701: 685:Aurobindo Ghosh 683:, advocated by 675:, advocated by 591: 586: 564: 119: 117: 114: 35: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 7421: 7411: 7410: 7405: 7400: 7395: 7390: 7388:National flags 7385: 7380: 7378:Flags of India 7363: 7362: 7350: 7347: 7346: 7344: 7343: 7338: 7332: 7330: 7326: 7325: 7323: 7322: 7317: 7312: 7306: 7304: 7303:National flags 7300: 7299: 7292:National flags 7288: 7287: 7280: 7273: 7265: 7256: 7255: 7253: 7252: 7242: 7231: 7228: 7227: 7225: 7224: 7219: 7214: 7209: 7204: 7198: 7196: 7187: 7186: 7184: 7183: 7178: 7173: 7168: 7163: 7157: 7155: 7147: 7146: 7144: 7143: 7138: 7133: 7128: 7123: 7118: 7113: 7108: 7103: 7098: 7093: 7088: 7083: 7078: 7073: 7068: 7063: 7058: 7053: 7048: 7043: 7038: 7033: 7028: 7023: 7018: 7013: 7008: 7003: 6998: 6993: 6988: 6983: 6978: 6973: 6968: 6963: 6958: 6953: 6948: 6943: 6938: 6933: 6928: 6923: 6918: 6913: 6908: 6903: 6897: 6895: 6889: 6888: 6881: 6880: 6873: 6866: 6858: 6849: 6848: 6845: 6844: 6841: 6840: 6838: 6837: 6836: 6835: 6825: 6824: 6823: 6813: 6808: 6803: 6798: 6793: 6788: 6787: 6786: 6776: 6771: 6766: 6761: 6756: 6751: 6750: 6749: 6739: 6738: 6737: 6727: 6722: 6717: 6712: 6706: 6704: 6698: 6697: 6695: 6694: 6689: 6684: 6679: 6674: 6669: 6664: 6659: 6654: 6649: 6644: 6639: 6634: 6629: 6624: 6623: 6622: 6617: 6612: 6607: 6597: 6596: 6595: 6585: 6580: 6575: 6569: 6567: 6559: 6558: 6555: 6554: 6547: 6539: 6538: 6535: 6534: 6531: 6530: 6528: 6527: 6522: 6517: 6512: 6507: 6502: 6500:Income Tax Act 6497: 6492: 6487: 6482: 6477: 6476: 6475: 6464: 6462: 6458: 6457: 6455: 6454: 6449: 6444: 6439: 6433: 6431: 6427: 6426: 6424: 6423: 6422: 6421: 6416: 6411: 6406: 6401: 6396: 6391: 6390: 6389: 6374: 6369: 6364: 6359: 6354: 6353: 6352: 6342: 6337: 6335:Pulp and paper 6332: 6327: 6326: 6325: 6323:Iron and Steel 6320: 6310: 6309: 6308: 6303: 6298: 6293: 6283: 6278: 6277: 6276: 6266: 6261: 6256: 6251: 6246: 6245: 6244: 6243: 6242: 6237: 6232: 6227: 6212: 6207: 6202: 6197: 6192: 6187: 6186: 6185: 6180: 6169: 6167: 6163: 6162: 6160: 6159: 6154: 6149: 6144: 6139: 6134: 6129: 6124: 6119: 6114: 6109: 6107:Madhya Pradesh 6104: 6099: 6094: 6089: 6084: 6079: 6074: 6069: 6064: 6059: 6054: 6049: 6044: 6042:Andhra Pradesh 6038: 6036: 6032: 6031: 6029: 6028: 6027: 6026: 6021: 6016: 6006: 6001: 6000: 5999: 5989: 5984: 5978: 5976: 5972: 5971: 5969: 5968: 5963: 5958: 5953: 5948: 5946:Liberalisation 5943: 5938: 5932: 5930: 5924: 5923: 5921: 5920: 5919: 5918: 5913: 5903: 5898: 5893: 5888: 5882: 5880: 5876: 5875: 5873: 5872: 5867: 5866: 5865: 5860: 5850: 5849: 5848: 5843: 5838: 5833: 5828: 5823: 5812: 5810: 5806: 5805: 5803: 5802: 5797: 5792: 5787: 5782: 5777: 5772: 5767: 5762: 5757: 5752: 5747: 5742: 5737: 5732: 5727: 5722: 5717: 5712: 5711: 5710: 5699: 5697: 5693: 5692: 5690: 5689: 5684: 5678: 5676: 5666: 5665: 5653: 5652: 5649: 5648: 5645: 5644: 5642: 5641: 5636: 5631: 5626: 5621: 5616: 5611: 5606: 5601: 5596: 5591: 5585: 5583: 5577: 5576: 5574: 5573: 5568: 5563: 5557: 5555: 5549: 5548: 5545: 5544: 5541: 5540: 5538: 5537: 5532: 5527: 5522: 5517: 5512: 5507: 5502: 5497: 5491: 5489: 5483: 5482: 5480: 5479: 5474: 5469: 5464: 5459: 5454: 5449: 5444: 5438: 5436: 5429: 5423: 5422: 5420: 5419: 5414: 5409: 5404: 5399: 5398: 5397: 5387: 5382: 5377: 5371: 5365: 5359: 5358: 5356: 5355: 5350: 5345: 5340: 5339: 5338: 5333: 5323: 5318: 5316:Civil Services 5313: 5308: 5306:Prime Minister 5303: 5301:Vice President 5298: 5293: 5292: 5291: 5286: 5276: 5271: 5266: 5260: 5258: 5248: 5247: 5235: 5234: 5231: 5230: 5227: 5226: 5224: 5223: 5218: 5213: 5208: 5203: 5197:Nature worship 5194: 5189: 5183: 5181: 5177: 5176: 5174: 5173: 5168: 5166:Municipalities 5163: 5158: 5153: 5148: 5143: 5137: 5135: 5129: 5128: 5126: 5125: 5120: 5119: 5118: 5113: 5103: 5098: 5097: 5096: 5086: 5081: 5075: 5073: 5067: 5066: 5064: 5063: 5058: 5053: 5048: 5043: 5042: 5041: 5036: 5031: 5023: 5018: 5013: 5008: 5003: 4998: 4993: 4991:Extreme points 4988: 4983: 4978: 4973: 4968: 4962: 4960: 4956: 4955: 4953: 4952: 4947: 4942: 4937: 4935:National parks 4932: 4927: 4922: 4917: 4912: 4907: 4902: 4897: 4895:Climate change 4892: 4887: 4882: 4876: 4874: 4868: 4867: 4865: 4864: 4859: 4854: 4849: 4844: 4838: 4836: 4832: 4831: 4829: 4828: 4823: 4818: 4812: 4810: 4800: 4799: 4787: 4786: 4783: 4782: 4779: 4778: 4776: 4775: 4770: 4765: 4760: 4754: 4752: 4748: 4747: 4745: 4744: 4739: 4734: 4729: 4727:Smiling Buddha 4724: 4719: 4714: 4709: 4704: 4699: 4694: 4689: 4683: 4681: 4677: 4676: 4674: 4673: 4668: 4663: 4658: 4653: 4648: 4643: 4638: 4633: 4632: 4631: 4621: 4616: 4611: 4606: 4604:1857 rebellion 4601: 4596: 4591: 4589:Princely state 4586: 4580: 4578: 4572: 4571: 4569: 4568: 4563: 4561:European trade 4558: 4553: 4547: 4545: 4539: 4538: 4536: 4535: 4530: 4525: 4520: 4515: 4510: 4508:Medieval India 4504: 4502: 4496: 4495: 4493: 4492: 4487: 4481: 4479: 4475: 4474: 4472: 4471: 4466: 4461: 4456: 4451: 4446: 4444:Yavana Kingdom 4441: 4436: 4431: 4426: 4421: 4415: 4413: 4407: 4406: 4404: 4403: 4398: 4393: 4391:Paper currency 4388: 4383: 4378: 4373: 4368: 4363: 4358: 4353: 4348: 4343: 4337: 4336: 4331: 4325: 4323: 4315: 4314: 4302: 4301: 4296: 4295: 4288: 4281: 4273: 4264: 4263: 4261: 4260: 4252: 4244: 4235: 4233: 4229: 4228: 4226: 4225: 4223:Gandhi Jayanti 4220: 4215: 4209: 4207: 4203: 4202: 4200: 4199: 4191: 4183: 4175: 4167: 4159: 4151: 4143: 4138:Indian peafowl 4135: 4126: 4124: 4120: 4119: 4110: 4108: 4106: 4105: 4097: 4089: 4084:Jana Gana Mana 4081: 4073: 4065: 4056: 4054: 4053:Constitutional 4050: 4049: 4035: 4034: 4027: 4020: 4012: 4006: 4005: 3996: 3970: 3942: 3912: 3911:External links 3909: 3907: 3906: 3900: 3885: 3861: 3837: 3813: 3787: 3760: 3735: 3706: 3680: 3674: 3657: 3655: 3652: 3650: 3649: 3616: 3586: 3560: 3534: 3508: 3482: 3460: 3427: 3387: 3376:on 22 May 2006 3349: 3317: 3290: 3260: 3230: 3194: 3162: 3132: 3100: 3091: 3073: 3041: 2990: 2954: 2920: 2908: 2895: 2883: 2828: 2816: 2804: 2792: 2780: 2768: 2756: 2744: 2712: 2700: 2688: 2676: 2664: 2630: 2611:Volker Preuß. 2603: 2591: 2579: 2572: 2552: 2538: 2518: 2488: 2457: 2455: 2452: 2449: 2448: 2438: 2437: 2435: 2432: 2431: 2430: 2425: 2420: 2415: 2410: 2405: 2400: 2395: 2393:Jana Gana Mana 2390: 2385: 2379: 2378: 2362: 2359: 2338:Main article: 2335: 2332: 2330: 2327: 2226: 2223: 2211:Gandhi Jayanti 2186: 2183: 2045: 2042: 1946: 1943: 1907:vice president 1871: 1868: 1865: 1864: 1861: 1858: 1855: 1852: 1846: 1845: 1842: 1839: 1836: 1833: 1827: 1826: 1823: 1820: 1817: 1814: 1808: 1807: 1804: 1801: 1798: 1795: 1789: 1788: 1785: 1782: 1779: 1778:India saffron 1776: 1757: 1756: 1753: 1750: 1747: 1744: 1740: 1739: 1736: 1733: 1730: 1727: 1723: 1722: 1719: 1716: 1713: 1710: 1709:India saffron 1706: 1705: 1702: 1699: 1696: 1693: 1675: 1672: 1665: 1658: 1657: 1653: 1646: 1645: 1644: 1643: 1642: 1640: 1637: 1634: 1633: 1630: 1627: 1623: 1622: 1619: 1616: 1612: 1611: 1608: 1605: 1601: 1600: 1597: 1594: 1590: 1589: 1586: 1583: 1579: 1578: 1575: 1572: 1568: 1567: 1564: 1561: 1557: 1556: 1553: 1550: 1546: 1545: 1542: 1539: 1535: 1534: 1531: 1528: 1499: 1498:Specifications 1496: 1494: 1491: 1487: 1486: 1483: 1476: 1474: 1471: 1464: 1461: 1460: 1459: 1455: 1454: 1451: 1444: 1442: 1439: 1432: 1429: 1428: 1427: 1425: 1422: 1418: 1417: 1414: 1407: 1405: 1402: 1395: 1393: 1390: 1383: 1380: 1379: 1378: 1376: 1373: 1369: 1368: 1365: 1358: 1356: 1353: 1346: 1344: 1341: 1334: 1332: 1329: 1322: 1320: 1317: 1310: 1308: 1305: 1298: 1296: 1293: 1286: 1283: 1282: 1281: 1279: 1276: 1272: 1271: 1268: 1261: 1259: 1256: 1249: 1246: 1245: 1244: 1242: 1239: 1235: 1234: 1231: 1224: 1222: 1219: 1212: 1210: 1207: 1200: 1197: 1196: 1195: 1193: 1190: 1188: 1185: 1124:B. R. Ambedkar 1112:Sarojini Naidu 1106:and including 1091: 1090:Final adoption 1088: 1001:Sarojini Naidu 976:Jamnalal Bajaj 952:spinning wheel 938:Mahatma Gandhi 925: 922: 739:Spanish Empire 735:Dutch Republic 700: 697: 631:Queen Victoria 623:The first flag 590: 587: 584:Triband (flag) 563: 560: 512:Mahatma Gandhi 475:Mahatma Gandhi 448:Union of India 398: 397: 394: 393: 386: 382: 381: 378: 374: 373: 368: 362: 361: 353: 352: 344: 343: 340: 339: 336: 335: 324: 320: 319: 316: 312: 311: 301: 295: 294: 286: 285: 277: 276: 273: 272: 269: 268: 265: 261: 260: 257: 253: 252: 242: 236: 235: 227: 226: 218: 217: 214: 213: 210: 209: 206: 202: 201: 198: 194: 193: 183: 177: 176: 168: 167: 159: 158: 155: 154: 151: 150: 145: 141: 140: 129: 125: 124: 111: 107: 106: 103: 99: 98: 73: 67: 66: 55: 54: 46: 45: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 7420: 7409: 7406: 7404: 7401: 7399: 7396: 7394: 7391: 7389: 7386: 7384: 7381: 7379: 7376: 7375: 7373: 7360: 7348: 7342: 7339: 7337: 7334: 7333: 7331: 7327: 7321: 7318: 7316: 7313: 7311: 7308: 7307: 7305: 7301: 7297: 7296:coats of arms 7293: 7286: 7281: 7279: 7274: 7272: 7267: 7266: 7263: 7251: 7247: 7243: 7241: 7233: 7232: 7229: 7223: 7220: 7218: 7215: 7213: 7210: 7208: 7205: 7203: 7200: 7199: 7197: 7192: 7188: 7182: 7179: 7177: 7176:South Ossetia 7174: 7172: 7169: 7167: 7164: 7162: 7159: 7158: 7156: 7154: 7148: 7142: 7139: 7137: 7134: 7132: 7129: 7127: 7124: 7122: 7119: 7117: 7114: 7112: 7109: 7107: 7104: 7102: 7099: 7097: 7094: 7092: 7089: 7087: 7084: 7082: 7079: 7077: 7074: 7072: 7069: 7067: 7064: 7062: 7059: 7057: 7054: 7052: 7049: 7047: 7044: 7042: 7039: 7037: 7034: 7032: 7029: 7027: 7024: 7022: 7019: 7017: 7014: 7012: 7009: 7007: 7004: 7002: 6999: 6997: 6994: 6992: 6989: 6987: 6984: 6982: 6979: 6977: 6974: 6972: 6969: 6967: 6964: 6962: 6959: 6957: 6954: 6952: 6949: 6947: 6944: 6942: 6939: 6937: 6934: 6932: 6929: 6927: 6924: 6922: 6919: 6917: 6914: 6912: 6909: 6907: 6904: 6902: 6899: 6898: 6896: 6894: 6890: 6886: 6885:Flags of Asia 6879: 6874: 6872: 6867: 6865: 6860: 6859: 6856: 6834: 6831: 6830: 6829: 6826: 6822: 6819: 6818: 6817: 6814: 6812: 6809: 6807: 6804: 6802: 6799: 6797: 6794: 6792: 6789: 6785: 6782: 6781: 6780: 6777: 6775: 6772: 6770: 6767: 6765: 6762: 6760: 6757: 6755: 6752: 6748: 6745: 6744: 6743: 6740: 6736: 6733: 6732: 6731: 6728: 6726: 6723: 6721: 6718: 6716: 6713: 6711: 6708: 6707: 6705: 6703: 6699: 6693: 6690: 6688: 6685: 6683: 6680: 6678: 6675: 6673: 6670: 6668: 6665: 6663: 6660: 6658: 6655: 6653: 6650: 6648: 6645: 6643: 6640: 6638: 6635: 6633: 6630: 6628: 6625: 6621: 6618: 6616: 6613: 6611: 6608: 6606: 6603: 6602: 6601: 6598: 6594: 6591: 6590: 6589: 6586: 6584: 6581: 6579: 6576: 6574: 6571: 6570: 6568: 6564: 6560: 6553: 6549: 6548: 6544: 6540: 6526: 6523: 6521: 6518: 6516: 6515:Insurance Act 6513: 6511: 6508: 6506: 6505:Companies Act 6503: 6501: 6498: 6496: 6493: 6491: 6488: 6486: 6483: 6481: 6478: 6474: 6471: 6470: 6469: 6466: 6465: 6463: 6459: 6453: 6450: 6448: 6445: 6443: 6440: 6438: 6435: 6434: 6432: 6428: 6420: 6417: 6415: 6412: 6410: 6407: 6405: 6402: 6400: 6397: 6395: 6392: 6388: 6385: 6384: 6383: 6380: 6379: 6378: 6375: 6373: 6370: 6368: 6365: 6363: 6360: 6358: 6355: 6351: 6350:Biotechnology 6348: 6347: 6346: 6343: 6341: 6338: 6336: 6333: 6331: 6328: 6324: 6321: 6319: 6316: 6315: 6314: 6311: 6307: 6304: 6302: 6299: 6297: 6294: 6292: 6289: 6288: 6287: 6284: 6282: 6279: 6275: 6272: 6271: 6270: 6267: 6265: 6262: 6260: 6257: 6255: 6254:Entertainment 6252: 6250: 6247: 6241: 6238: 6236: 6233: 6231: 6228: 6226: 6223: 6222: 6221: 6218: 6217: 6216: 6213: 6211: 6208: 6206: 6203: 6201: 6198: 6196: 6193: 6191: 6188: 6184: 6181: 6179: 6176: 6175: 6174: 6171: 6170: 6168: 6164: 6158: 6155: 6153: 6152:Uttar Pradesh 6150: 6148: 6145: 6143: 6140: 6138: 6135: 6133: 6130: 6128: 6125: 6123: 6120: 6118: 6115: 6113: 6110: 6108: 6105: 6103: 6100: 6098: 6095: 6093: 6090: 6088: 6085: 6083: 6080: 6078: 6075: 6073: 6070: 6068: 6065: 6063: 6060: 6058: 6055: 6053: 6050: 6048: 6045: 6043: 6040: 6039: 6037: 6033: 6025: 6022: 6020: 6017: 6015: 6012: 6011: 6010: 6007: 6005: 6002: 5998: 5995: 5994: 5993: 5990: 5988: 5985: 5983: 5980: 5979: 5977: 5973: 5967: 5964: 5962: 5959: 5957: 5954: 5952: 5949: 5947: 5944: 5942: 5939: 5937: 5934: 5933: 5931: 5929: 5925: 5917: 5914: 5912: 5909: 5908: 5907: 5904: 5902: 5899: 5897: 5894: 5892: 5889: 5887: 5884: 5883: 5881: 5877: 5871: 5868: 5864: 5861: 5859: 5856: 5855: 5854: 5851: 5847: 5844: 5842: 5839: 5837: 5836:Digital rupee 5834: 5832: 5829: 5827: 5824: 5822: 5819: 5818: 5817: 5814: 5813: 5811: 5807: 5801: 5798: 5796: 5795:Make in India 5793: 5791: 5788: 5786: 5783: 5781: 5778: 5776: 5773: 5771: 5768: 5766: 5763: 5761: 5758: 5756: 5753: 5751: 5750:Foreign trade 5748: 5746: 5745:External debt 5743: 5741: 5738: 5736: 5733: 5731: 5728: 5726: 5723: 5721: 5718: 5716: 5713: 5709: 5706: 5705: 5704: 5701: 5700: 5698: 5694: 5688: 5685: 5683: 5680: 5679: 5677: 5675: 5671: 5667: 5663: 5658: 5654: 5640: 5637: 5635: 5632: 5630: 5627: 5625: 5622: 5620: 5617: 5615: 5612: 5610: 5607: 5605: 5602: 5600: 5597: 5595: 5592: 5590: 5587: 5586: 5584: 5582: 5578: 5572: 5569: 5567: 5564: 5562: 5559: 5558: 5556: 5554: 5550: 5536: 5533: 5531: 5528: 5526: 5523: 5521: 5518: 5516: 5513: 5511: 5508: 5506: 5503: 5501: 5498: 5496: 5493: 5492: 5490: 5488: 5484: 5478: 5475: 5473: 5470: 5468: 5465: 5463: 5460: 5458: 5455: 5453: 5450: 5448: 5445: 5443: 5440: 5439: 5437: 5433: 5430: 5428: 5424: 5418: 5415: 5413: 5410: 5408: 5407:Chief Justice 5405: 5403: 5402:Supreme Court 5400: 5396: 5393: 5392: 5391: 5388: 5386: 5383: 5381: 5378: 5376: 5373: 5372: 5369: 5366: 5364: 5360: 5354: 5351: 5349: 5346: 5344: 5341: 5337: 5334: 5332: 5329: 5328: 5327: 5324: 5322: 5319: 5317: 5314: 5312: 5309: 5307: 5304: 5302: 5299: 5297: 5294: 5290: 5287: 5285: 5282: 5281: 5280: 5277: 5275: 5272: 5270: 5269:Energy policy 5267: 5265: 5262: 5261: 5259: 5257: 5253: 5249: 5245: 5240: 5236: 5222: 5219: 5217: 5214: 5212: 5209: 5207: 5204: 5202: 5198: 5195: 5193: 5190: 5188: 5185: 5184: 5182: 5178: 5172: 5169: 5167: 5164: 5162: 5159: 5157: 5154: 5152: 5149: 5147: 5144: 5142: 5139: 5138: 5136: 5134: 5130: 5124: 5121: 5117: 5114: 5112: 5109: 5108: 5107: 5104: 5102: 5099: 5095: 5092: 5091: 5090: 5087: 5085: 5082: 5080: 5077: 5076: 5074: 5072: 5068: 5062: 5059: 5057: 5054: 5052: 5049: 5047: 5044: 5040: 5037: 5035: 5032: 5030: 5029:Indo-Gangetic 5027: 5026: 5024: 5022: 5019: 5017: 5014: 5012: 5009: 5007: 5004: 5002: 4999: 4997: 4994: 4992: 4989: 4987: 4984: 4982: 4979: 4977: 4974: 4972: 4969: 4967: 4964: 4963: 4961: 4957: 4951: 4948: 4946: 4943: 4941: 4938: 4936: 4933: 4931: 4928: 4926: 4923: 4921: 4918: 4916: 4913: 4911: 4908: 4906: 4903: 4901: 4898: 4896: 4893: 4891: 4888: 4886: 4883: 4881: 4878: 4877: 4875: 4873: 4869: 4863: 4860: 4858: 4855: 4853: 4850: 4848: 4845: 4843: 4840: 4839: 4837: 4833: 4827: 4824: 4822: 4819: 4817: 4814: 4813: 4811: 4809: 4805: 4801: 4797: 4792: 4788: 4774: 4771: 4769: 4766: 4764: 4761: 4759: 4756: 4755: 4753: 4749: 4743: 4740: 4738: 4737:The Emergency 4735: 4733: 4730: 4728: 4725: 4723: 4720: 4718: 4715: 4713: 4710: 4708: 4705: 4703: 4700: 4698: 4695: 4693: 4690: 4688: 4685: 4684: 4682: 4678: 4672: 4669: 4667: 4664: 4662: 4659: 4657: 4654: 4652: 4649: 4647: 4644: 4642: 4639: 4637: 4634: 4630: 4627: 4626: 4625: 4622: 4620: 4617: 4615: 4612: 4610: 4607: 4605: 4602: 4600: 4597: 4595: 4592: 4590: 4587: 4585: 4582: 4581: 4579: 4577: 4573: 4567: 4564: 4562: 4559: 4557: 4554: 4552: 4549: 4548: 4546: 4544: 4540: 4534: 4531: 4529: 4526: 4524: 4521: 4519: 4516: 4514: 4511: 4509: 4506: 4505: 4503: 4501: 4497: 4491: 4488: 4486: 4483: 4482: 4480: 4476: 4470: 4467: 4465: 4462: 4460: 4459:Kushan Empire 4457: 4455: 4452: 4450: 4447: 4445: 4442: 4440: 4437: 4435: 4434:Mahajanapadas 4432: 4430: 4427: 4425: 4422: 4420: 4417: 4416: 4414: 4412: 4408: 4402: 4399: 4397: 4394: 4392: 4389: 4387: 4384: 4382: 4379: 4377: 4374: 4372: 4369: 4367: 4364: 4362: 4359: 4357: 4354: 4352: 4349: 4347: 4344: 4342: 4339: 4338: 4335: 4332: 4330: 4327: 4326: 4324: 4320: 4316: 4312: 4307: 4303: 4294: 4289: 4287: 4282: 4280: 4275: 4274: 4271: 4256: 4253: 4248: 4245: 4240: 4237: 4236: 4234: 4230: 4224: 4221: 4219: 4216: 4214: 4211: 4210: 4208: 4204: 4195: 4192: 4187: 4184: 4179: 4176: 4171: 4168: 4163: 4160: 4155: 4152: 4147: 4144: 4139: 4136: 4131: 4128: 4127: 4125: 4121: 4114: 4101: 4098: 4093: 4092:Vande Mataram 4090: 4085: 4082: 4077: 4074: 4069: 4066: 4061: 4060:Flag of India 4058: 4057: 4055: 4051: 4047: 4042: 4033: 4028: 4026: 4021: 4019: 4014: 4013: 4010: 4004: 4000: 3997: 3982: 3975: 3971: 3959: 3955: 3951: 3947: 3943: 3931: 3927: 3923: 3919: 3915: 3914: 3903: 3897: 3893: 3892: 3886: 3874: 3870: 3866: 3862: 3850: 3846: 3842: 3838: 3826: 3822: 3818: 3814: 3802: 3798: 3797: 3792: 3788: 3776: 3772: 3765: 3761: 3757: 3753: 3749: 3745: 3741: 3736: 3732: 3728: 3724: 3720: 3716: 3712: 3707: 3702: 3698: 3694: 3690: 3686: 3681: 3677: 3671: 3667: 3663: 3659: 3658: 3654:Cited Sources 3638: 3634: 3630: 3626: 3620: 3604: 3600: 3596: 3590: 3574: 3570: 3564: 3549: 3545: 3538: 3522: 3518: 3512: 3497: 3493: 3486: 3470: 3464: 3448: 3444: 3443: 3438: 3431: 3415: 3411: 3410: 3405: 3398: 3396: 3394: 3392: 3375: 3371: 3370: 3369:Deccan Herald 3365: 3358: 3356: 3354: 3334: 3327: 3321: 3305: 3301: 3294: 3278: 3274: 3270: 3264: 3248: 3244: 3240: 3234: 3218: 3214: 3213: 3208: 3204: 3198: 3179: 3172: 3166: 3150: 3146: 3142: 3136: 3120: 3116: 3115: 3110: 3104: 3095: 3087: 3080: 3078: 3058: 3051: 3045: 3029: 3025: 3019: 3017: 3015: 3013: 3011: 3009: 3007: 3005: 3003: 3001: 2999: 2997: 2995: 2978: 2977: 2969: 2967: 2965: 2963: 2961: 2959: 2942: 2938: 2934: 2927: 2925: 2917: 2912: 2905: 2899: 2892: 2887: 2871: 2867: 2863: 2857: 2855: 2853: 2851: 2849: 2847: 2845: 2843: 2841: 2839: 2837: 2835: 2833: 2826:, p. 508 2825: 2820: 2813: 2808: 2801: 2796: 2789: 2784: 2777: 2772: 2766:, p. 504 2765: 2760: 2753: 2748: 2740: 2729:. 21 May 1909 2728: 2723: 2716: 2709: 2704: 2697: 2692: 2686:, p. 174 2685: 2680: 2674:, p. 173 2673: 2668: 2652: 2648: 2644: 2637: 2635: 2618: 2615:(in German). 2614: 2607: 2601:, p. 498 2600: 2595: 2589:, p. 172 2588: 2583: 2575: 2569: 2565: 2564: 2556: 2541: 2535: 2531: 2530: 2522: 2506: 2502: 2498: 2492: 2476: 2472: 2468: 2462: 2458: 2443: 2439: 2429: 2428:Vande Mataram 2426: 2424: 2421: 2419: 2416: 2414: 2411: 2409: 2406: 2404: 2401: 2399: 2396: 2394: 2391: 2389: 2386: 2384: 2383:Tiranga Point 2381: 2380: 2376: 2365: 2358: 2355: 2346: 2341: 2329:Similar flags 2326: 2324: 2319: 2315: 2313: 2307: 2305: 2301: 2297: 2293: 2289: 2285: 2281: 2277: 2272: 2269: 2264: 2262: 2259: 2254: 2253:metric system 2249: 2247: 2243: 2236: 2231: 2222: 2218: 2214: 2212: 2207: 2203: 2200: 2191: 2182: 2178: 2176: 2170: 2166: 2164: 2160: 2156: 2152: 2151:flag officers 2148: 2144: 2140: 2136: 2132: 2131:Indian states 2128: 2124: 2120: 2116: 2112: 2104: 2099: 2095: 2093: 2088: 2078: 2074: 2070: 2067: 2058: 2050: 2041: 2037: 2033: 2031: 2026: 2022: 2018: 2009: 2005: 2003: 1999: 1995: 1994:Naveen Jindal 1991: 1987: 1982: 1978: 1974: 1966: 1961: 1956: 1952: 1941: 1938: 1934: 1933: 1928: 1923: 1919: 1914: 1912: 1908: 1904: 1900: 1899:Ashoka Chakra 1896: 1892: 1887: 1885: 1876: 1862: 1859: 1856: 1853: 1851: 1848: 1847: 1843: 1840: 1837: 1834: 1832: 1829: 1828: 1824: 1821: 1818: 1815: 1813: 1810: 1809: 1805: 1802: 1799: 1796: 1794: 1791: 1790: 1786: 1783: 1780: 1777: 1774: 1773: 1770: 1768: 1764: 1754: 1751: 1748: 1745: 1742: 1741: 1737: 1734: 1731: 1728: 1725: 1724: 1720: 1717: 1714: 1711: 1708: 1707: 1703: 1700: 1697: 1694: 1691: 1690: 1684: 1682: 1662: 1650: 1631: 1628: 1625: 1624: 1620: 1617: 1614: 1613: 1609: 1606: 1603: 1602: 1598: 1595: 1592: 1591: 1587: 1584: 1581: 1580: 1576: 1573: 1570: 1569: 1565: 1562: 1559: 1558: 1554: 1551: 1548: 1547: 1543: 1540: 1537: 1536: 1532: 1529: 1526: 1525: 1519: 1515: 1513: 1512:Ashoka Chakra 1509: 1505: 1480: 1475: 1468: 1463: 1462: 1448: 1443: 1436: 1431: 1430: 1411: 1406: 1399: 1394: 1387: 1382: 1381: 1362: 1357: 1350: 1345: 1338: 1333: 1326: 1321: 1314: 1309: 1302: 1297: 1290: 1285: 1284: 1265: 1260: 1253: 1248: 1247: 1228: 1223: 1216: 1211: 1204: 1199: 1198: 1184: 1182: 1178: 1174: 1173:national flag 1168: 1165: 1164: 1159: 1155: 1151: 1147: 1146: 1145:Ashoka Chakra 1140: 1131: 1127: 1125: 1121: 1117: 1113: 1109: 1105: 1101: 1097: 1084: 1080: 1077: 1073: 1068: 1064: 1062: 1058: 1053: 1049: 1048:Motilal Nehru 1041: 1036: 1031: 1027: 1025: 1021: 1015: 1012: 1011: 1006: 1002: 998: 993: 991: 987: 983: 982: 977: 972: 968: 964: 959: 957: 953: 949: 945: 944: 939: 930: 921: 919: 914: 912: 908: 904: 900: 896: 892: 885: 881: 877: 872: 867: 862: 858: 856: 852: 851: 846: 842: 841:Lord Ampthill 837: 834: 833: 832:Vande Mataram 828: 824: 819: 817: 813: 809: 805: 800: 796: 795: 794:Vande Mataram 790: 786: 785:Vande Mataram 781: 779: 775: 770: 768: 767:republicanism 764: 760: 757:. During the 756: 752: 748: 744: 740: 736: 732: 724: 720: 719:Calcutta flag 715: 710: 705: 696: 694: 690: 686: 682: 678: 674: 669: 665: 657: 651: 646: 642: 640: 636: 632: 628: 624: 620: 616: 608: 607:British India 604: 600: 595: 585: 581: 577: 573: 569: 559: 556: 552: 549:directed the 548: 544: 543:Naveen Jindal 540: 536: 532: 528: 523: 521: 517: 513: 509: 507: 506: 498: 496: 492: 491: 486: 485: 480: 476: 472: 468: 466: 459: 457: 453: 449: 445: 440: 439: 438:Ashoka Chakra 433: 429: 425: 421: 417: 413: 409: 405: 404:national flag 395: 391: 387: 383: 379: 375: 372: 369: 367: 363: 359: 354: 351: 350: 345: 341: 337: 333: 329: 325: 321: 317: 313: 309: 305: 302: 300: 296: 292: 287: 284: 283: 278: 274: 270: 266: 262: 258: 254: 250: 246: 243: 241: 237: 233: 228: 225: 224: 219: 215: 211: 207: 203: 199: 195: 191: 187: 184: 182: 178: 174: 169: 166: 165: 160: 156: 152: 149: 146: 142: 138: 137:Ashoka Chakra 134: 131:A horizontal 130: 126: 112: 108: 104: 100: 96: 91: 86: 81: 77: 76:National flag 74: 72: 68: 64: 62: 56: 52: 47: 43: 37: 33: 31: 19: 7191:Dependencies 7121:Turkmenistan 7086:Saudi Arabia 6965: 6791:Martial arts 6715:Architecture 6588:Demographics 6573:Caste system 6550:Society and 6200:Construction 5982:By net worth 5816:Indian rupee 5619:Reservations 5487:Intelligence 5390:Human rights 5375:Constitution 5133:Subdivisions 4826:Indian Plate 4816:Fossil Parks 4751:Contemporary 4666:World War II 4543:Early Modern 4533:Vijayanagara 4429:Vedic period 4299:India topics 4239:Indian rupee 4218:Republic Day 4130:Bengal tiger 4059: 3988:. Retrieved 3981:the original 3962:. Retrieved 3958:the original 3949: 3934:. Retrieved 3930:the original 3921: 3890: 3877:. Retrieved 3868: 3853:. Retrieved 3844: 3829:. Retrieved 3820: 3805:. Retrieved 3794: 3779:. Retrieved 3770: 3739: 3714: 3710: 3684: 3665: 3640:. Retrieved 3628: 3619: 3607:. Retrieved 3598: 3589: 3577:. Retrieved 3573:pipanews.com 3572: 3563: 3551:. Retrieved 3547: 3537: 3525:. Retrieved 3520: 3511: 3499:. Retrieved 3495: 3485: 3473:. Retrieved 3463: 3451:. Retrieved 3447:the original 3440: 3430: 3418:. Retrieved 3414:the original 3407: 3378:. Retrieved 3374:the original 3367: 3340:. Retrieved 3333:the original 3320: 3308:. Retrieved 3293: 3281:. Retrieved 3277:the original 3272: 3263: 3251:. Retrieved 3242: 3233: 3221:. Retrieved 3217:the original 3210: 3197: 3185:. Retrieved 3178:the original 3165: 3153:. Retrieved 3144: 3135: 3123:. Retrieved 3112: 3103: 3094: 3085: 3064:. Retrieved 3057:the original 3044: 3032:. Retrieved 3028:the original 2981:. Retrieved 2975: 2945:. Retrieved 2936: 2911: 2904:Independence 2903: 2898: 2890: 2886: 2874:. Retrieved 2865: 2819: 2812:Virmani 1999 2807: 2800:Virmani 1999 2795: 2783: 2776:Virmani 1999 2771: 2759: 2752:Virmani 1999 2747: 2737:– via 2731:. Retrieved 2726: 2715: 2703: 2696:Virmani 1999 2691: 2684:Virmani 1999 2679: 2672:Virmani 1999 2667: 2655:. Retrieved 2646: 2621:. Retrieved 2606: 2594: 2587:Virmani 1999 2582: 2562: 2555: 2543:. Retrieved 2528: 2521: 2509:. Retrieved 2500: 2491: 2479:. Retrieved 2470: 2461: 2442: 2375:India portal 2351: 2320: 2316: 2308: 2273: 2266:Until 2021, 2265: 2250: 2239: 2219: 2215: 2208: 2204: 2196: 2179: 2171: 2167: 2135:Vidhan Sabha 2108: 2083: 2071: 2063: 2038: 2034: 2014: 1990:Republic Day 1983: 1979: 1975: 1971: 1936: 1930: 1917: 1916: 1894: 1888: 1881: 1857:255,255,255 1784:India green 1760: 1743:India green 1681:illuminant C 1677: 1516: 1508:aspect ratio 1501: 1183:since then. 1169: 1161: 1157: 1143: 1136: 1120:K. M. Munshi 1099: 1093: 1060: 1056: 1051: 1045: 1039: 1019: 1016: 1008: 994: 989: 985: 979: 970: 960: 956:Lala Hansraj 947: 941: 935: 915: 899:Annie Besant 888: 880:Annie Besant 874:Flag of the 848: 838: 830: 820: 792: 784: 782: 771: 763:Le Tricolore 755:independence 728: 723:Bhikaji Cama 692: 661: 633:created the 612: 603:Civil Ensign 539:Republic Day 524: 501: 499: 488: 483: 462: 460: 415: 412:colloquially 401: 347: 327: 304:Naval ensign 282:White Ensign 280: 245:State ensign 221: 186:Civil ensign 162: 58: 36: 29: 7250:Asia portal 7151:States with 7071:Philippines 7011:South Korea 7006:North Korea 6901:Afghanistan 6833:Traditional 6510:Banking Act 6495:SARFESI Act 6409:Electricity 6230:Oil and gas 6220:Electricity 6173:Agriculture 6157:West Bengal 6147:Uttarakhand 6112:Maharashtra 5951:Licence Raj 5906:Black money 5765:Remittances 5609:Nationalism 5594:Citizenship 5427:Enforcement 5412:High Courts 5289:Rajya Sabha 4950:sanctuaries 4900:Earthquakes 4872:Environment 4687:Integration 4661:1943 famine 4609:British Raj 4576:Late modern 4500:Middle Ages 4464:Alchon Huns 4376:Mathematics 4366:Linguistics 3742:: 102–111. 3453:17 February 3420:10 February 3342:29 November 3310:18 February 3253:15 November 3223:10 February 3155:23 November 2623:4 September 2147:High Courts 2113:of states, 1992:. In 2001, 1929:. 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