1575:
29:
94:
612:
425:—the phenomenon is known as "Veranico", "Veranito" or "Veranillo" (literally, "little summer"), and usually occurs in early autumn, between late April and mid-May, when it is known as "Veranico de Maio" ("May's little summer") or as "Veranito de San Juan" ("Saint John's little summer"). Its onset and duration are directly associated with the occurrence of
130:
Weather historian
William R. Deedler wrote that "Indian summer" can be defined as "any spell of warm, quiet, hazy weather that may occur in October or November", though he noted that he "was surprised to read that Indian summers have been given credit for warm spells as late as December and January".
114:
atmosphere" and how the smoke irritates his eyes. Audubon suspects that the condition of the air was caused by "Indians, firing the
Prairies of the West". Audubon also mentions in many other places in his writings the reliance Native Americans had on fire. At no point does Audubon relate an Indian
85:
Great rains at last replenish the springs, the brooks, the swamp and impregnate the earth. Then a severe frost succeeds which prepares it to receive the voluminous coat of snow which is soon to follow; though it is often preceded by a short interval of smoke and mildness, called the Indian Summer.
101:
Although the exact origins of the term are uncertain, it was perhaps so-called because it was first noted in regions inhabited by Native
Americans, or because the natives first described it to Europeans, or it had been based on the warm and hazy conditions in autumn when Native Americans hunted.
76:
The late 19th-century lexicographer Albert
Matthews made an exhaustive search of early American literature in an attempt to discover who coined the expression. The earliest reference he found dated to 1851. He also found the phrase in a letter written in England in 1778, but discounted that as a
80:
Later research showed that the earliest known reference to Indian summer in its current sense occurs in an essay written in the United States around 1778 by J. Hector St. John de Crevecœur, describing the character of autumn and implying the common usage of the expression
200:
used it only when referring to the
American phenomenon, and the expression did not gain wide currency in Great Britain until the 1950s. In former times, variations of "Saint Martin's summer" were widely used across Europe to describe warm weather surrounding autumn feast days of
349:. In Bulgaria, it is known as "gypsy summer" or "poor man's summer", and in Serbia it is known as "Miholjsko leto" because Saint Michael or "Miholjdan" is celebrated on October 12. In Sweden, there's "Brittsommar" (out of "Birgitta" and "Britta", having their
594:. Halcyon days in Greece take place in winter, usually 16–31 of January and last around 4–7 days with extremely warm and sunny days. "All-hallown summer" or "All Saints' summer" is also referenced in English folklore and by
169:
which ran an article explaining the phrase "Indian summer" to its readers in 1837, written by someone who had lived in the US but questioned whether Native
Americans had influenced the origins. The UK Met Office
626:
156:
uses the term to mean a time when one may recover some of the happiness of youth. The main character, jilted as a young man, leads a solitary life until he rediscovers romance in early middle age.
122:. Native-American legends mention the god or "Life-Giver" bestowing warm autumnal weather to various warriors or peoples, enabling them to survive after great misfortune, such as loss of crops.
146:(1940) suggests an era of inconsistency, infertility, and depleted capabilities, a period of seemingly robust strength that is only an imitation of an earlier season of actual strength.
1604:
946:
622:
781:
1625:
wrote some 20 poems about Indian Summer, including "These Are the Days When Birds Come Back", "The
Gentian Weaves Her Fringes" and "There Is a June When Corn Is Cut"
745:
86:
This is in general the invariable rule: winter is not said properly to begin until those few moderate days & the raising of the water has announced it to Man.
881:, hence the subtitle "L'Été indien (Africa)" on some single releases. It went on to become Dassin's biggest hit, selling almost 2 million copies worldwide.
1001:
988:
wrote their song "Indian Summer", which was released on the Larry Gatlin & The Gatlin
Brothers album Smile (1985), as performed by Larry, Barry and
1194:
1467:
829:
piano solo with this title dates to 1919. It received an Al Dubin lyric in the 1930s and was recorded by several pop singers and dance bands.
163:, the term is used in the same way as in North America. In the UK it was first used in the early 19th century, there was an early example in
2064:
1914:
2331:
he launched his own label Sweat It Out
Records, which signed the likes of Indian Summer, Loot & Plunder and Yolanda Be Cool
707:
in 1979, is named after and refers to the event, with the spelling changed to reflect the post-apocalyptic setting of the book.
2009:
1767:
1845:
1237:
2300:
877:
recorded the song "Indian Summer" in French, English, Spanish and German. "L'Été indien" was based on the song "Africa" by
1208:
released his first solo piano album in 50 years on Telark, called "Indian Summer", after his version of the title song by
1542:
2442:
1574:
1295:
2195:
1352:
1154:
2243:
590:(AMS) also notes that a similar phenomenon may be referred to poetically as halcyon days, a term that originated in
90:
The essay was first published in French around 1788, but remained unavailable in the United States until the 1920s.
28:
1383:
905:
1266:
In 2010 Australian record producer
Gabriel Gleeson began releasing electronic music and performing under the name
1267:
1046:
587:
2466:
2098:
1141:
757:
Indian Summer: The Tragic Story of Louis Francis Sockalexis, the First Native American in Major League Baseball
110:
that extraordinary phenomenon of North America" in his journal on November 20, 1820. He mentions the "constant
20:
2313:
1171:
1121:
1059:
645:
2415:
1454:
678:, is named and themed after the event, and involves players placing leaf-filled tiles on the forest floor.
545:
2379:
Sandeen, Ernest (December 1967). "Delight deterred by retrospect: Emily Dickinson's Late-Summer Poems".
1977:
851:
recorded their original song "Indian Summer" (Morrison/Krieger), which was released on their 1970 album
1646:
1104:
898:
798:
692:
641:
135:, "while others have stated it happens over most of the United States, even along the Pacific coast".
1634:
1535:
1041:
525:
573:, meaning "pastrami summer", since the month of November was considered to be the best time to make
118:
Because the warm weather is not a permanent gift, a connection has been made to the pejorative term
2460:
1616:
1583:
1560:
637:
353:
around the time, on October 7) and/or "Indiansommar" as a direct translation from english. In
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1555:
1592:
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366:
33:
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234:
Similar weather conditions with local variations also exist. A warm period in autumn is called
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In 1993, Paul Westerberg released "First Glimmer," a song that references an Indian Summer.
738:
147:
131:
Deedler also noted that some writers use Indian summer in reference to the weather in only
8:
2301:
https://vmirror.imslp.org/files/imglnks/usimg/e/e3/IMSLP12858-Herbert_-_Indian-summer.pdf
1889:
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202:
57:
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1770:. Detroit/Pontiac, MI: National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office. Archived from
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1395:
1283:
961:
960:
released an instrumental song called "Indiansommar" (Swedish for Indian summer) on his
934:
633:
437:
311:
257:
223:
176:"a warm, calm spell of weather occurring in autumn, especially in October and November"
103:
60:. Several sources describe a true Indian summer as not occurring until after the first
1958:
441:
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2017:
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370:
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345:
184:
138:
In literature and history, the term is sometimes used metaphorically. The title of
2283:
1223:
released their song "Indian Summer" as the third single released from their album
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2484:
1686:
1668:
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1438:
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released his debut single "Indian Summer" on the Foreign Family Collective label.
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833:
811:
591:
457:
399:
365:, a direct translation, but historically a warm period in autumn was named after
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319:
279:
213:
189:
160:
139:
2343:
1768:"Just What Is Indian Summer And Did Indians Really Have Anything To Do With It?"
1689:'s poem "The Indian Summer" was published in the volume Illustrated Poems, 1849.
2147:
2042:
1819:
1674:
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853:
837:
826:
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553:
382:
303:
283:
222:, the term is used to describe the unseasonably warm weather leading up to the
1355:
contains the passage "You're like an Indian summer in the middle of a winter".
61:
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2108:
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1864:
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886:
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93:
65:
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1500:'s tune with vocalist Ray Eberle, rose to number 8 from late 1939 into 1940.
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119:
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1736:"Second summer- Glossary of Meteorology, American Meteorological Society"
1462:
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1374:& his Orchestra (December 1939 recording for Columbia 78rpm single),
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1394:(recorded for Prestige on 1951 Lee Konitz: The New Sounds 10" and 1956
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52:
is a period of unseasonably warm, dry weather that sometimes occurs in
2400:
1959:"Native American Indian Weather Legends from the Myths of Many Tribes"
426:
1565:
1399:
1371:
1334:
1166:
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916:
848:
418:
249:
41:
1545:" in 1919 for classical orchestra and Al Dubin wrote lyrics in 1939.
2392:
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1508:
1497:
1482:
1415:
1363:
1319:
1281:'s Loaded) released their song "Indian Summer" on the album called
1213:
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889:
released an English language cover of the song as a single in 1976.
841:
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445:
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299:
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37:
422:
417:
In temperate parts of South America—such as southernmost Brazil,
354:
287:
265:
253:
241:
2124:"Warm wall in autumn: how to use the solar irradiation in full?"
912:" contains the passage "She was the color of the Indian Summer".
1259:
which includes the song "Indian Summer" that she co-wrote with
561:
541:
533:
529:
501:
465:
453:
405:
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53:
2122:
Khavrus, Vyacheslav; Gabovich, Alexander (December 13, 2022).
549:
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491:
477:
469:
461:
449:
392:
1591:, 1875, Dimensions 119.7 cm × 156.5 cm (47.1 in × 61.6 in),
1240:", as the lead single to their fifth greatest hits package,
1152:
released a collection of all-original songs on their album,
1091:
released "Indian Summer" as the fourth track on their album
2435:
Beneath the Second Sun: A Cultural History of Indian Summer
1837:
Beneath the Second Sun: A Cultural History of Indian Summer
97:
An Indian summer day in western Massachusetts, October 2008
2089:
Pasternak, Boris Leonidovich; Gutiérrez, Fernando (1994).
1515:'s Big Band Orchestra with Jack Leonard on vocals in 1939.
932:
released his song "Indian Summer" on his first live album
902:, which contained the title track written by Paul Cotton.
746:
Indian Summer: The Secret History of the End of an Empire
968:
182:
is the metaphorical title of the 1918 second volume of
1188:
Kurt Cobain About a Son: Music from the Motion Picture
2290:. American Meteorological Society. November 13, 2021.
2272:. American Meteorological Society. November 13, 2021.
1199:
Indian Summer: 8 Enchanting Pieces for String Quartet
115:
summer to warm temperatures during the cold seasons.
1340:
In 2020 No Germ Candy released their version of the
229:
432:In other countries, it is associated with autumnal
2088:
2003:
2001:
1378:Orchestra (recorded live on radio, January 1940),
1027:recorded their song "Indian Summer" for the album
1833:
1406:LP (recorded June 1949 for Prestige LP in 1955),
864:recorded their own song "Indian Summer", for the
2476:
1951:
919:recorded his song "Indian Summer" for the album
689:An Indian Summer: A Personal Experience of India
2121:
1998:
2276:
1750:"What Is "Indian Summer" Or "Second Summer"?"
1742:
1169:recorded her song "Indian Summer" for the EP
574:
565:
495:
485:
409:
396:
335:
192:. However, early 20th-century climatologists
16:Period of unseasonably warm weather in autumn
1643:wrote "An Indian Summer Day on the Prairie".
235:
579:(the meat that, though slightly different,
386:
302:, – it is known as "(old) women's summer" (
174:published in 1916 defines an Indian summer
2258:
1976:Commager, Henry Steele (August 18, 1940).
1655:(1855) mentions "the tender Indian Summer"
381:), his saint day being in late August. In
2413:
2007:
1818:
1761:
1759:
1315:, containing his self-penned title track.
2432:
1975:
1915:"Who put the 'Indian' in Indian summer?"
1792:
1573:
1298:, as the second single from their album
598:, but its use appears to have died out.
92:
27:
2378:
1765:
2477:
2193:
2008:Rodrigues, Jason (September 8, 2014).
1925:
1756:
1730:
1728:
1726:
1386:7" 45rpm box set, for Decca in 1950),
1242:
1139:penned "Indian Summer" on their album
1044:penned "Indian Summer" on their album
971:included "Indian Summer Sky" on their
759:was written by Brian McDonald in 2003.
2311:
1859:
1857:
1078:for his Frank Sinatra tribute album,
778:The Indian Summer Of English Chivalry
344:
2244:"İstanbul'a kış 20 Ocak'ta gelecek!"
2222:"Foclóir Gaeilge-Béarla (Ó Dónaill)"
2043:"Indian summer: What exactly is it?"
1631:wrote "Legend of the Indian Summer".
605:
2314:"Sweat It Out Records founder dies"
2035:
1723:
391:("little autumn of the geese"). In
240:("old women's summer") in Germany,
13:
2426:
2194:Kallio, Jussi (October 13, 2009).
1854:
1793:Matthews, Albert (February 1902).
1541:Victor Herbert composed the song "
1018:Chemical Imbalance Limited Edition
999:included "Indian Summer" on their
636:by removing the content or adding
64:, or more specifically the first "
14:
2501:
2452:
1840:. New Hampshire. pp. 14–15.
1358:Other jazz versions based on the
230:Other names and similar phenomena
1294:released the Kelly Jones penned
610:
414:("the sun of the quince tree").
77:coincidental use of the phrase.
2407:
2372:
2354:
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2294:
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2187:
2174:Большая российская энциклопедия
2162:
2115:
2082:
2057:
1969:
1477:recorded a jazz version of the
836:recorded a jazz version of the
588:American Meteorological Society
2467:New International Encyclopedia
2312:Cooke, Chris (March 4, 2013).
2065:"Summer weather during autumn"
1978:"In New England's Lesser Days"
1907:
1882:
1827:
1786:
1766:Deedler, William (Fall 1996).
1677:wrote her own "Indian Summer".
1492:Big Band Orchestra version of
1449:Trio (recorded live in 1972),
1430:on his first solo piano album
1424:Joe Puma Jazz Trio and Quartet
1107:released their version of the
665:
282:countries—for example, in the
212:In the English translation of
180:The Indian Summer of a Forsyte
1:
2362:"Too Much Rock Single Series"
1716:
1695:wrote "Indian Summer Ritual".
357:, the period is today called
1511:tune was a number 1 hit for
1485:tune on soprano sax in 1940.
1384:Bing Crosby – Victor Herbert
1366:lyrics were recorded by the
71:
56:in temperate regions of the
36:, a beech forest located in
7:
2128:European Journal of Physics
2010:"What is an Indian summer?"
1894:Online Etymology Dictionary
1865:"Hints of an Indian Summer"
1699:
1549:
1193:In 2007 classical composer
1186:" song was included on the
949:". It also features on the
601:
546:Saint Michael the Archangel
385:, the phenomenon is called
10:
2506:
2344:"Jai Wolf - Indian Summer"
2200:Kotimaisten kielten keskus
1834:Sweeting, Adam W. (2003).
1820:10.1175/1520-0493-30.2.69c
1647:Henry Wadsworth Longfellow
1637:wrote "Our Indian Summer".
1172:Scarlet's Hidden Treasures
1012:released their version of
945:released a single called "
799:Nantier Beall Minoustchine
144:New England: Indian Summer
18:
2414:Sigourney, Lydia (1849).
2381:The New England Quarterly
1919:Christian Science Monitor
1683:wrote "My Indian Summer".
1610:
1128:. They disbanded in 1994.
1057:released an album called
788:
632:Please help Knowledge to
336:
315:
2148:10.1088/1361-6404/aca2ff
1963:www.native-languages.org
1795:"The Term Indian Summer"
1619:'s poem "Indian Summer".
1617:William Wilfred Campbell
1536:Francis A, and Edward K.
1445:Orchestra featuring the
1437:(Fantasy Records 1957),
819:
682:
125:
32:An Indian summer day in
2433:Sweeting, Adam (2003).
2288:Glossary of Meteorology
2270:Glossary of Meteorology
1593:National Museum, Warsaw
1351:Katy Perry's 2009 song
962:self-titled debut album
922:But Seriously, Folks...
487:Veranillo de San Miguel
404:("little summer of the
346:[ˈbabʲjəˈlʲetə]
172:Meteorological Glossary
2045:. BBC. October 1, 2011
1799:Monthly Weather Review
1681:Robert William Service
1671:wrote "Indian Summer".
1605:Indian Summer, Vermont
1595:
1434:Plays and Plays and...
1221:Manic Street Preachers
1204:In 2007 jazz musician
1120:In 1993, the emo band
974:The Unforgettable Fire
809:, John T. McCutcheon,
575:
566:
557:
510:Bosnia and Herzegovina
496:
486:
410:
397:
388:fómhar beag na ngéanna
387:
374:
362:
331:
323:
307:
278:), and in a number of
273:
261:
236:
98:
88:
45:
2461:"Indian Summer"
2319:Complete Music Update
1921:. September 17, 2018.
1635:Oliver Wendell Holmes
1600:Willard Leroy Metcalf
1577:
1526:tune was recorded by
1426:, on Jubilee, 1957),
1325:In 2018 Dutch singer
1301:Graffiti on the Train
1074:tune was recorded by
815:, September 30, 1907.
514:St. Martin's Day
96:
83:
31:
2284:"All-hallown summer"
2134:(1): 015803 (18pp).
1652:The Song of Hiawatha
1414:LP (Starlite 1956),
1236:released their own "
1232:In 2009 country duo
1226:Send Away the Tigers
862:Brewer & Shipley
739:William Dean Howells
717:, published in 1966.
634:improve this article
411:el sol del membrillo
148:William Dean Howells
19:For other uses, see
2418:. Carey & Hart.
2416:"Illustrated Poems"
2140:2023EJPh...44a5803K
1811:1902MWRv...30...69M
1752:. November 1, 2021.
1738:. October 25, 2020.
1693:Alma Luz Villanueva
1344:as a b-side to the
1311:released the album
1253:released the album
1182:'s version of the "
1126:Oakland, California
896:released the album
770:and illustrated by
751:Alex von Tunzelmann
646:independent sources
58:northern hemisphere
2093:. Barcelona: RBA.
1985:The New York Times
1774:on October 9, 2014
1596:
1558:painted a picture
1530:on his album with
1468:Send in the Clowns
1404:Stan Getz Quartets
1329:released the song
1277:(sometimes called
1243:#1s… and Then Some
935:Live/Indian Summer
844:tune on tenor sax.
801:, October 1, 1993.
762:The graphic novel
583:originated from).
526:St. Demetrius
262:vénasszonyok nyara
224:October Revolution
104:John James Audubon
99:
46:
2437:. New Hampshire.
2091:El doctor Zhivago
1847:978-1-58465-314-1
1706:Blackberry winter
1659:Jayanta Mahapatra
1353:"Thinking of You"
1263:and Inara George.
1111:song on their EP
1094:Weekend in Monaco
1008:In 1987 the band
1002:Last Time I Drank
663:
662:
558:haf bach Mihangel
538:Bridget of Sweden
398:el veranillo del
395:is also known as
106:wrote about "The
34:Fageda d'en Jordà
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1579:Józef Chełmoński
1556:Józef Chełmoński
1422:(from the album
1160:Vanguard Records
1030:Remembrance Days
997:Channel 3 (band)
727:Adalbert Stifter
658:
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185:The Forsyte Saga
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2427:Further reading
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2366:toomuchrock.com
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1327:Sharon den Adel
1296:"Indian Summer"
1234:Brooks and Dunn
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1081:Perfectly Frank
910:"Thunder Island
834:Coleman Hawkins
822:
812:Chicago Tribune
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749:was written by
737:was written by
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2393:10.2307/363554
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654:December 2021
647:
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2226:. Retrieved
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2173:
2170:"БАБЬЕ ЛЕТО"
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2037:
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1256:Amanda Leigh
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1153:
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1017:
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710:
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1380:Bing Crosby
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1251:Mandy Moore
1190:soundtrack.
1180:Ben Gibbard
1150:Carbon Leaf
1137:David Bazan
990:Roy Orbison
951:Belle Stars
943:Belle Stars
780:written by
772:Milo Manara
703:written by
666:Board games
596:Shakespeare
518:Netherlands
460:'s Summer (
367:Bartholomew
316:бабине літо
246:Switzerland
198:Hubert Lamb
133:New England
2479:Categories
2348:SoundCloud
2224:(in Irish)
2100:844730681X
2069:Met Office
1990:October 6,
1717:References
1538:, in 1968.
1420:Bill Evans
1396:Conception
1388:Lee Konitz
1376:Gene Krupa
1362:tune with
1333:under her
1284:The Taking
1261:Mike Viola
1020:45 (#003).
986:Barry Gibb
958:Per Gessle
930:Al Stewart
875:Joe Dassin
768:Hugo Pratt
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438:saint days
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332:babie leto
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1372:Kay Kyser
1335:My Indigo
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1167:Tori Amos
1087:In 1992,
1036:In 1988,
1014:The Doors
995:In 1985,
967:In 1984,
917:Joe Walsh
873:In 1975,
860:In 1969,
849:The Doors
638:citations
434:name days
419:Argentina
400:membrillo
351:name days
312:Ukrainian
308:babí léto
258:Hungarian
250:Lithuania
72:Etymology
42:Catalonia
1869:BBC News
1700:See also
1649:'s poem
1602:painted
1598:In 1922
1569:panorama
1554:In 1875
1550:Painting
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1509:Al Dubin
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1483:Al Dubin
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1364:Al Dubin
1337:project.
1320:Jai Wolf
1318:In 2015
1307:In 2014
1290:In 2013
1273:In 2011
1219:In 2007
1214:Al Dubin
1178:In 2007
1165:In 2004
1148:In 2004
1131:In 2002
1103:In 1993
1072:Al Dubin
1053:In 1992
1047:Jamboree
980:In 1985
956:In 1983
941:In 1983
928:In 1981
915:In 1978
892:In 1977
847:In 1966
842:Al Dubin
832:In 1945
784:in 1960.
774:in 1983.
753:in 2007.
741:in 1886.
729:in 1857.
695:in 1974.
642:reliable
602:In media
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576:pastırma
568:pastırma
484:summer (
474:Portugal
446:Portugal
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300:Slovenia
296:Slovakia
270:Estonian
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359:Finnish
355:Finland
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266:Estonia
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242:Austria
2490:Summer
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542:Sweden
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530:Greece
502:Serbia
466:France
454:France
406:quince
379:Perttu
328:Slovak
320:Polish
292:Poland
54:autumn
2397:JSTOR
2152:S2CID
1981:(PDF)
1418:with
1398:LP),
1370:with
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867:Weeds
820:Music
683:Books
554:Welsh
550:Wales
522:Italy
492:Spain
478:Malta
470:Italy
462:Spain
450:Spain
393:Spain
383:Irish
304:Czech
126:Usage
112:Smoky
62:frost
2439:ISBN
2327:2019
2252:2014
2230:2017
2208:2015
2181:2021
2105:OCLC
2095:ISBN
2076:2023
2051:2014
2029:2023
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