Agriculture in India

2796:"With a population of just over 1.3 billion, India is the world's largest democracy. In the past decade, the country has witnessed accelerated economic growth, emerged as a global player with the world's fourth largest economy in purchasing power parity terms, and made progress towards achieving most of the Millennium Development Goals. India's integration into the global economy has been accompanied by impressive economic growth that has brought significant economic and social benefits to the country. Nevertheless, disparities in income and human development are on the rise. Preliminary estimates suggest that in 2009–10 the combined all India poverty rate was 32 % compared to 37 % in 2004–05. Going forward, it will be essential for India to build a productive, competitive, and diversified agricultural sector and facilitate rural, non-farm entrepreneurship and employment. Encouraging policies that promote competition in agricultural marketing will ensure that farmers receive better prices." 3138: 2755: 2719:, with a single marketing cooperative, is India's largest self-sustaining industry and its largest rural employment provider. Successful implementation of the Amul model has made India the world's largest milk producer. Here small, marginal farmers with a couple or so heads of milch cattle queue up twice daily to pour milk from their small containers into the village union collection points. The milk after processing at the district unions is then marketed by the state cooperative federation nationally under the Amul brand name, India's largest food brand. With the Anand pattern three-fourth of the price paid by the mainly urban consumers goes into the hands of millions of small dairy farmers, who are the owners of the brand and the cooperative. 595:

sharkaravati (sandy), nadimatruka (watered from a river), and devamatruka (rainfed). Some archaeologists believe that rice was a domesticated crop along the banks of the river Ganges in the sixth millennium BC. So were species of winter cereals (barley, oats, and wheat) and legumes (lentil and chickpea) grown in northwest India before the sixth millennium BC. Other crops cultivated in India 3000 to 6000 years ago, include sesame, linseed, safflower, mustard, castor, mung bean, black gram, horse gram, pigeon pea, field pea, grass pea (khesari), fenugreek, cotton, jujube, grapes, dates, jack fruit, mango, mulberry, and black plum. Indians might have domesticated buffalo (the river type) 5000 years ago.

237: 41: 3155: 803: 2747: 2637: 2488: 799:. With the farmers and the government officials focusing on farm productivity and knowledge transfer, India's total food grain production soared. A hectare of Indian wheat farm that produced an average of 0.8 tonnes in 1948, produced 4.7 tonnes of wheat in 1975 from the same land. Such rapid growth in farm productivity enabled India to become self-sufficient by the 1970s. It also empowered the smallholder farmers to seek further means to increase food staples produced per hectare. By 2000, Indian farms were adopting wheat varieties capable of yielding 6 tonnes of wheat per hectare. 193: 222: 849: 3358: 827:. The lasting benefits of the improved seeds and new technology extended principally to the irrigated areas which account for about one-third of the harvested crop area. In the 1980s, Indian agriculture policy shifted to "evolution of a production pattern in line with the demand pattern" leading to a shift in emphasis to other agricultural commodities like oilseed, fruit and vegetables. Farmers began adopting improved methods and technologies in dairying, fisheries and livestock, and meeting the diversified food needs of a growing population. 2764: 756: 2739: 3423: 2785:"Slow agricultural growth is a concern for policymakers as some two-thirds of India's people depend on rural employment for a living. Current agricultural practices are neither economically nor environmentally sustainable and India's yields for many agricultural commodities are low. Poorly maintained irrigation systems and almost universal lack of good extension services are among the factors responsible. Farmers' access to markets is hampered by poor roads, rudimentary market infrastructure, and excessive regulation." 401:, improving road and power generation infrastructure, knowledge of gains and reforms. Despite these recent accomplishments, agriculture has the potential for major productivity and total output gains, because crop yields in India are still just 30% to 60% of the best sustainable crop yields achievable in the farms of developed and other developing countries. Additionally, post harvest losses due to poor infrastructure and unorganised retail, caused India to experience some of the highest food losses in the world. 890:. The improvements in irrigation infrastructure in the last 50 years have helped India improve food security, reduce dependence on monsoons, improve agricultural productivity and create rural job opportunities. Dams used for irrigation projects have helped provide drinking water to a growing rural population, control flood and prevent drought-related damage to agriculture. However, free electricity and attractive minimum support price for water intensive crops such as sugarcane and rice have encouraged ground 1780:

knowledge gains and reforms has allowed India to increase farm productivity between 40% and 500% over 40 years. India's recent accomplishments in crop yields while being impressive, are still just 30% to 60% of the best crop yields achievable in the farms of developed as well as other developing countries. Additionally, despite these gains in farm productivity, losses after harvest due to poor infrastructure and unorganised retail cause India to experience some of the highest food losses in the world.

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the value of the product produced by agriculture. Sen suggested India needed to bring productive industry everywhere, wherever there are advantages of production, market needs and the locational preferences of managers, engineers, technical experts as well as unskilled labour because of education, healthcare and other infrastructure. He stated that instead of government controlling land allocation based on soil characteristics, the market economy should determine productive allocation of land.

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which ensures that farmers can maximise crop yield. Along with this, artificial intelligence techniques are being implemented in food processing plants across India, where "AI provides more efficient ways to produce, harvest, and sell crops products as well as an emphasis on checking defective crops and improving the potential for healthy crop production" that further helps maximise crop yield as Rayda Ayed describes in her research on the impact of artificial intelligence in India.

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smallholder farming may not be cause of poor productivity, since the productivity is higher in China and many developing economies even though China smallholder farmers constitute over 97% of its farming population. A Chinese smallholder farmer is able to rent his land to larger farmers, China's organised retail and extensive Chinese highways are able to provide the incentive and infrastructure necessary to its farmers for sharp increases in farm productivity.

11611: 11196: 11621: 465: 11216: 2652:, mainly in the farming sector, since 1947 when the country gained independence from Britain. The country has networks of cooperatives at the local, regional, state and national levels that assist in agricultural marketing. The commodities that are mostly handled are food grains, jute, cotton, sugar, milk, fruit and nuts Support by the state government led to more than 25,000 cooperatives being set up by the 1990s in the state of 405: 175:

sharecroppers, tenants, poultry and livestock rearers, fishers, beekeepers, gardeners, pastoralists, non-corporate planters and planting labourers, as well as persons engaged in various farmingrelated occupations such as sericulture, vermiculture, and agro-forestry. The term will also include tribal families / persons engaged in shifting cultivation and in the collection, use and sale of timber and non-timber forest produce.

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the other hand, irrigated rice yields are projected to decline by 7% in 2050 and 10% in 2080 scenarios. Moreover, the study forecasts a decrease in wheat yield ranging from 6% to 25% in the year 2100, while maize yields are estimated to decrease by 18% to 23% during the same period. However, there is a potential positive impact on chickpea, with anticipated productivity increases of 23% to 54% in the future climates.

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million metric tonnes in 2013, making India the second largest producer of horticultural products after China. Of this, India in 2013 produced 81 million tonnes of fruits, 162 million tonnes of vegetables, 5.7 million tonnes of spices, 17 million tonnes of nuts and plantation products (cashew, cacao, coconut, etc.), 1 million tonnes of aromatic horticulture produce and 1.7 million tonnes of flowers (7.6 billion

2515: 2461: 11206: 838:. India's agricultural economy is undergoing structural changes. Between 1970 and 2011, the GDP share of agriculture has fallen from 43% to 16%. This isn't because of reduced importance of agriculture or a consequence of agricultural policy; rather, it is largely due to the rapid economic growth in services, industrial output, and non-agricultural sectors in India between 2000 and 2010. 913:

km (215.6 million acres) is the largest in the world. India is among the top three global producers of many crops, including wheat, rice, pulses, cotton, peanuts, fruits and vegetables. Worldwide, as of 2011, India had the largest herds of buffalo and cattle, is the largest producer of milk and has one of the largest and fastest growing poultry industries.

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and many other food staples production also increased year over year. Indian farmers, thus produced about 71 kilograms of wheat and 80 kilograms of rice for every member of Indian population in 2011. The per capita supply of rice every year in India is now higher than the per capita consumption of rice every year in Japan.

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products over a 10-year period, its $ 39 billion of net export is more than double the combined exports of the European Union (EU-28). It has become one of the world's largest supplier of rice, cotton, sugar and wheat. India exported around 2 million metric tonnes of wheat and 2.1 million metric tonnes of rice in 2011 to

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The impact of climate change on Indian agriculture was investigated through the National Innovations in Climate Resilient Agriculture (NICRA) study. The findings indicate that rainfed rice yields in India are expected to experience a marginal reduction of less than 2.5% in the years 2050 and 2080. On

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The following table presents the 20 most important agricultural products in India, by economic value, in 2009. Included in the table is the average productivity of India's farms for each produce. For context and comparison, included is the average of the most productive farms in the world and name of

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As with rice, the lasting benefits of improved seeds and improved farming technologies now largely depends on whether India develops infrastructure such as irrigation network, flood control systems, reliable electricity production capacity, all-season rural and urban highways, cold storage to prevent

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According to some scientists agriculture was widespread in the Indian peninsula, 10000–3000 years ago, well beyond the fertile plains of the north. For example, one study reports 12 sites in the southern Indian states of Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka providing clear evidence of agriculture

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India exported $ 39 billion worth of agricultural products in 2013, making it the seventh largest agricultural exporter worldwide, and the sixth largest net exporter. This represents explosive growth, as in 2004 net exports were about $ 5 billion. India is the fastest growing exporter of agricultural

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In fiscal year ending June 2011, with a normal monsoon season, Indian agriculture accomplished an all-time record production of 85.9 million tonnes of wheat, a 6.4% increase from a year earlier. Rice output in India hit a new record at 95.3 million tonnes, a 7% increase from the year earlier. Lentils

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One report from 2008 claimed that India's population is growing faster than its ability to produce rice and wheat. While other recent studies claim that India can easily feed its growing population, plus produce wheat and rice for global exports, if it can reduce food staple spoilage/wastage, improve

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regime to promote organic farming, under which farmers form organic farming clusters of 50 or more farmers with a minimum total area of 50 acres to share organic methods using traditional sustainable methods, costs, and marketing, etc. It initially aimed to have 10,000 clusters by 2018 with at least

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offered a counter viewpoint, stating that "prohibiting the use of agricultural land for commercial and industrial development is ultimately self-defeating". He stated that agricultural land may be better suited for non-agriculture purposes if industrial production could generate many times more than

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As of 2011, India had a large and diverse agricultural sector, accounting, on average, for about 16% of GDP and 10% of export earnings. India's arable land area of 1,597,000 km (394.6 million acres) is the second largest in the world, after the United States. Its gross irrigated crop area of 826,000

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farms, became a major driver of large and forced human migrations in the 19th century and early 20th century – of people from Africa and from India, both in millions – influencing the ethnic mix, political conflicts and cultural evolution of Caribbean, South American, Indian Ocean and Pacific Island

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Along with progression with organic farming methods, new technologies in the form of moisture sensors and artificial intelligence are also being implemented in the Indian farming sector. Farmers are using moisture sensors to ensure that different crops have the exact amount of water that they need,

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Other techniques of organic farming like zero budget natural farming (ZBNF) have been implemented by many small-scale farmers in Wayanad, Kerala. In this process they implement more natural and ecological methods of farming that decrease or completely cease use of pesticides and damaging chemicals,

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Personalized e-commerce stores and market places have brought farming products like fertilizers, seeds, machines and equipment that help farmers grow quality products. Educational portals let farmers know innovative things about farming that increase the contributions of agriculture to the economy.

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The required level of investment for the development of marketing, storage and cold storage infrastructure is estimated to be huge. The government has not been able to implement schemes to raise investment in marketing infrastructure. Among these schemes are 'Construction of Rural Godowns', 'Market

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identified systemic problems in Indian agriculture. For food staples, the annual growth rate in production during the six-year segments 1970–76, 1976–82, 1982–88, 1988–1994, 1994–2000 were found to be respectively 2.5, 2.5, 3.0, 2.6, and 1.8% per annum. Corresponding analyses for the index of total

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As with sugar, cooperatives play a significant part in the overall marketing of fruit and vegetables in India. Since the 1980s, the amount of produce handled by Cooperative societies has increased exponentially. Common fruit and vegetables marketed by the societies include bananas, mangoes, grapes,

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Before the mid-1960s, India relied on imports and food aid to meet domestic requirements. However, two years of severe drought in 1965 and 1966 convinced India to reform its agricultural policy and that it could not rely on foreign aid and imports for food security. India adopted significant policy

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led to two harvests being reaped in one year. Indian products soon reached trading networks and foreign crops were introduced. Plants and animals—considered esses "reeds that produce honey without bees" being grown. These were locally called साखर, (Sākhara). On their return journey soldiers carried

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text, suggested to be 2500 years old, classifies agricultural land into 12 categories: urvara (fertile), ushara (barren), maru (desert), aprahata (fallow), shadvala (grassy), pankikala (muddy), jalaprayah (watery), kachchaha (contiguous to water), sharkara (full of pebbles and pieces of limestone),

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Indian National Policy for Farmers of 2007 stated that "prime farmland must be conserved for agriculture except under exceptional circumstances, provided that the agencies that are provided with agricultural land for non-agricultural projects should compensate for treatment and full development of

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As the map shows, the traditional regions of high agricultural productivity in India are the north west (Punjab, Haryana and Western Uttar Pradesh), coastal districts on both coasts, West Bengal and Tamil Nadu. In recent years, the states of Madhya Pradesh, Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh in central India

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farmers claim to have employed newly developed rice breeds and system of rice intensification (SRI), a recent innovation in farming. The claimed Chinese and Indian yields have yet to be demonstrated on 7 hectare farm lots and that these are reproducible over two consecutive years on the same farm.

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of China National Hybrid Rice Research and Development Centre set a world record for rice yield in 2010 at 19 tonnes per hectare in a demonstration plot. In 2011, this record was surpassed by an Indian farmer, Sumant Kumar, with 22.4 tonnes per hectare in Bihar, also in a demonstration plot. These

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The total agriculture commodities export was US$ 3.50 billion in March - June 2020. India exported $ 38 billion worth of agricultural products in 2013, making it the seventh-largest agricultural exporter worldwide and the sixth largest net exporter. Most of its agriculture exports serve developing

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In the summer of 2012, the subsidised electricity for pumping, which has caused an alarming drop in aquifer levels, put additional strain on the country's electrical grid due to a 19% drop in monsoon rains and may have contributed to a blackout across much of the country. In response the state of

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India lacks cold storage, food packaging, and a safe and efficient rural transport system. This causes one of the world's highest food spoilage rates, particularly during monsoons and other adverse weather conditions. Consumers buy agricultural produce in suburban markets such as the one shown or

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The contributions of agriculture in the Indian economy have been increasing over the years. According to the economic survey, the share of agriculture in gross domestic product (GDP) reached almost 20% for the first time in 17 years, making a sole bright spot in performance during financial year

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India has very poor rural roads affecting timely supply of inputs and timely transfer of outputs from Indian farms. Irrigation systems are inadequate, leading to crop failures in some parts of the country because of lack of water. In other areas regional floods, poor seed quality and inefficient

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Climate Change in India will have a disproportionate impact on the more than 400 million that makeup India's poor community. This is because so many depend on natural resources for their food, shelter and income. More than 56% of people in India work in agriculture, while many others earn their

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One study suggests Indian agricultural policy should best focus on improving rural infrastructure primarily in the form of irrigation and flood control infrastructure, knowledge transfer of better yielding and more disease resistant seeds. Additionally, cold storage, hygienic food packaging and

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In addition to growth in total output, agriculture in India has shown an increase in average agricultural output per hectare in last 60 years. The table below presents average farm productivity in India over three farming years for some crops. Improving road and power generation infrastructure,

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Before the 18th century, cultivation of sugarcane was largely confined to India. A few merchants began to trade in sugar – a luxury and an expensive spice in Europe until the 18th century. Sugar became widely popular in 18th-century Europe, then graduated to become a human necessity in the 19th

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assessments, and Periodic Labour Force Surveys) give a different number of farmers in the country ranging from 37 million to 118 million as per the different definitions. Some definitions take in to account the number of holdings as compared to the number of farmers. Other definitions take into

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The average size of land holdings is very small (less than 2 hectares) and is subject to fragmentation due to land ceiling acts, and in some cases, family disputes. Such small holdings are often over-manned, resulting in disguised unemployment and low productivity of labour. Some reports claim

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The total production and economic value of horticultural produce, such as fruits, vegetables and nuts has doubled in India over the 10-year period from 2002 to 2012. In 2012, the production from horticulture exceeded grain output for the first time. The total horticulture produce reached 277.4

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For the purpose of this Policy, the term "FARMER" will refer to a person actively engaged in the economic and/or livelihood activity of growing crops and producing other primary agricultural commodities and will include all agricultural operational holders, cultivators, agricultural labourers,

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projects for agricultural activities. Of these, the groundwater system is the largest. Of the 160 million hectares of cultivated land in India, about 39 million hectare can be irrigated by groundwater wells and an additional 22 million hectares by irrigation canals. In 2010, only about 35% of

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is among the fastest growing industries in India. Between 1990 and 2010, the Indian fish capture harvest doubled, while aquaculture harvest tripled. In 2008, India was the world's sixth largest producer of marine and freshwater capture fisheries and the second largest aquaculture farmed fish

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are hampering productivity-enhancing investment. This evaluation is based largely on a productivity agenda and does not take any ecological implications into account. According to a neo-liberal view, over-regulation of agriculture has increased costs, price risks and uncertainty because the

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had ties to sugar cooperatives from their local area and has created a symbiotic relationship between the sugar factories and local politics. However, the policy of "profits for the company but losses to be borne by the government", has made a number of these operations inefficient.

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Startups with niche technology and new business models are working to solve problems in Indian agriculture and its marketing. Kandawale is one such e-commerce website which sells Indian red onions to bulk users direct from farmers, reducing unnecessary cost escalations.

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equivalent degraded or wastelands elsewhere". The policy suggested that, as far as possible, land with low farming yields or that was not farmable should be earmarked for non-agricultural purposes such as construction, industrial parks and other commercial development.

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Crop yields for some farms in India are within 90% of the best achieved yields by farms in developed countries such as the United States and in European Union. No single state of India is best in every crop. Tamil Nadu achieved highest yields in rice and sugarcane,

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The Indian farmer receives just 10% to 23% of the price the Indian consumer pays for exactly the same produce, the difference going to losses, inefficiencies and middlemen. Farmers in developed economies of Europe and the United States receive 64% to 81%.

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In the years since its independence, India has made immense progress towards food security. Indian population has tripled, and food-grain production more than quadrupled. There has been a substantial increase in available food-grain per capita.

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used in Indian agriculture have helped increase crop productivity, but their unregulated and excessive use has caused different ecosystem and fatal health problems. Several studies published between 2011 and 2020 attribute 45 different types of

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in wheat and coarse grains, Karnataka in cotton, Bihar in pulses, while other states do well in horticulture, aquaculture, flower and fruit plantations. These differences in agricultural productivity are a function of local infrastructure,

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and it achieves a premium price in the market place. India has 6,50,000 organic producers, which is more than any other country. India also has 4 million hectares of land certified as organic wildculture, which is third in the world (after

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of India reported 13,754 farmer suicides. Farmer suicides account for 11.2% of all suicides in India. Activists and scholars have offered a number of conflicting reasons for farmer suicides, such as monsoon failure, high debt burdens,

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Indian agriculture includes a mix of traditional to modern farming techniques. In some parts of India, traditional use of cattle to plough remains in use. Traditional farms have some of the lowest per capita productivities and farmer

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farms, for example, produce about a third of the wheat per hectare per year compared to farms in France. Rice productivity in India was less than half that of China. Other staples productivity in India is similarly low. Indian

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The biggest problem of farmers is the low price for their farm produce. A recent study showed that proper pricing based on energy of production and equating farming wages to Industrial wages may be beneficial for the farmers.

2591:(US$ 1.7 billion), nearly double the value of its 2010 exports. Along with these farm-level gains, the losses between farm and consumer increased and are estimated to range between 51 and 82 million metric tonnes a year. 2676:

to the mill. Over the last fifty years, the local sugar mills have played a crucial part in encouraging political participation and as a stepping stone for aspiring politicians. This is particularly true in the state of

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500,000 acres under organic farming and government "cover the certification costs and promote organic farming through the use of traditional resources". Government provides INR 20,000 per acre benefit over three years.

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country where the most productive farms existed in 2010. The table suggests India has large potential for further accomplishments from productivity increases, in increased agricultural output and agricultural incomes.

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The Indian food distribution system is highly inefficient. Movement of agricultural produce is heavily regulated, with inter-state and even inter-district restrictions on marketing and movement of agricultural goods.

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Some claim Indian agriculture began by 9000 BC as a result of early cultivation of plants, and domestication of crops. Settled life soon followed with implements and techniques being developed for agriculture. Double

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government intervenes in labour, land, and credit markets. India has inadequate infrastructure and services. The World Bank also says that the allocation of water is inefficient, unsustainable and inequitable. The

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A December 2011 policy paper analysing the forces behind the rising consumption and production of meat, eggs, and dairy products in India, and the effects on India's people, environment, animals, and the global

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producer. India exported 600,000 metric tonnes of fish products to nearly half of the world's countries. Though the available nutritional standard is 100% of the requirement, India lags far behind in terms of

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Pedroso, T.M.A., Benvindo-Souza, M., de Araújo Nascimento, F. et al. Cancer and occupational exposure to pesticides: a bibliometric study of the past 10 years. Environ Sci Pollut Res 29, 17464–17475 (2022).

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With agricultural policy success in wheat, India's Green Revolution technology spread to rice. However, since irrigation infrastructure was very poor, Indian farmers innovated with tube-wells, to harvest

11586: 3044:, which is the statutory apex agent for rural development in the subcontinent. At the same time, over-pumping made possible by subsidised electric power is leading to an alarming drop in aquifer levels. 6658: 6420: 4172: 7152: 3200:. These reforms would include logistics and retail of agricultural produce. The announcement led to major political controversy. The reforms were placed on hold by the government in December 2011. 898:

and poor water quality. A news report in 2019 states that more than 60% of the water available for farming in India is consumed by rice and sugar, two crops that occupy 24% of the cultivable area.

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has played a vital role in the green revolution. In 2013, NDTV named him one of 25 living legends of India for outstanding contributions to agriculture and making India a food-sovereign country.

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Irrigation facilities are inadequate, as revealed by the fact that only 52.6% of the land was irrigated in 2003–04, which result in farmers still being dependent on rainfall, specifically the

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infrastructure is deteriorating. The overuse of water is being covered by over-pumping aquifers but, as these are falling by one foot of groundwater each year, this is a limited resource. The

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Data checks suggest there is a difference between FAO's statistics office and Reserve Bank of India estimates; these differences are small and may be because of the fiscal year start months.

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India has shown a steady average nationwide annual increase in the mass-produced per hectare for some agricultural items, over the last 60 years. These gains have come mainly from India's

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farmers. Several studies suggest India could eradicate its hunger and malnutrition and be a major source of food for the world by achieving productivity comparable with other countries.

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allievating the damage that, "Decades of overuse of chemicals and mono cropping and lack of management of soil fertility have depleted the formerly fertile forest-land" in the area.

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Modern farms and agriculture operations have changed over the years primarily because of advancements in technology, including sensors, devices, machines, and information technology.

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is inadequate in comparison with Green Revolution methods and technologies, hampered by ignorance of such practices, high costs and impracticality in the case of small land holdings.

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Vadivelu, A. and Kiran, B.R., 2013. Problems and prospects of agricultural marketing in India: An overview. International journal of agricultural and food science, 3(3), pp.108–118.

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second worldwide in farm outputs. As per the Indian economic survey 2020 -21, agriculture employed more than 50% of the Indian workforce and contributed 20.2% to the country's GDP.

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These are food and agriculture classification groups. For definition with list of botanical species covered under each classification, consult FAOSTAT of the United Nations; Link:

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Recently (May 2016) the government of India has set up the Farmers Commission to completely evaluate the agriculture programme. Its recommendations have had a mixed reception.

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develops new techniques for the design of agricultural experiments, analyses data in agriculture, and specialises in statistical techniques for animal and plant breeding.

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hymns, for example, describes ploughing, fallowing, irrigation, fruit and vegetable cultivation. Other historical evidence suggests rice and cotton were cultivated in the

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Illiteracy, general socio-economic backwardness, slow progress in implementing land reforms and inadequate or inefficient finance and marketing services for farm produce.

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Although India has attained self-sufficiency in food staples, the productivity of its farms is below that of Brazil, the United States, France and other nations. Indian

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The history and past accomplishments of Indian agriculture thus influenced, in part, colonialism, slavery and slavery-like indentured labour practices in the new world,

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play a great part in providing credit in rural parts of India. Just like the sugar cooperatives, these institutions serve as the power base for local politicians.

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Bhagowalia, Priya, S. Kadiyala, and D. Headey. "Agriculture, income and nutrition linkages in India: Insights from a nationally representative survey." (2012).

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The rice crop this season is therefore anticipated to decrease by roughly 6.77 million tonnes to 104.99 million, according to India's ministry of agriculture.

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Gruère, G. & Sengupta, D. (2011), Bt cotton and farmer suicides in India: an evidence-based assessment, The Journal of Development Studies, 47(2), 316–337

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One of India's major agricultural products, rice, is suffering as a result of shifting monsoon patterns. States in the East and Northeast of the country (

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Bhakar, A., Singh, Y.V., Abhishek et al. Pesticides in India in the twenty-first century and their impact on biodiversity. Vegetos 36, 768–778 (2023).

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Kumar, Anjani, Krishna M. Singh, and Shradhajali Sinha. "Institutional credit to agriculture sector in India: Status, performance and determinants."

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agriculture. People in India had invented, by about 500 BC, the process to produce sugar crystals. In the local language, these crystals were called

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Brink, Lars. "Support to Agriculture in India in 1995-2013 and the Rules of the WTO." International Agricultural Trade Research Consortium (IATRC)

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for centuries and it is again a growing sector in India. Organic production offers clean and green production methods without the use of synthetic

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account possession of land, while others try to delink land ownership from the definition of a farmer. Other terms also used include 'cultivator'.

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season. A good monsoon results in a robust growth for the economy, while a poor monsoon leads to a sluggish growth. Farm credit is regulated by

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intake at 20% which is to be tackled by making available protein rich food products such as eggs, meat, fish, chicken etc. at affordable prices

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and least developed nations. Indian agricultural/horticultural and processed foods are exported to more than 120 countries, primarily to Japan,

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spoilage, modern retail, and competitive buyers of produce from Indian farmers. This is increasingly the focus of Indian agriculture policy.

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growth remains below 2% per annum; in contrast, China's total factor productivity growths is about 6% per annum, even though China also has

881:

Indian irrigation infrastructure includes a network of major and minor canals from rivers, groundwater well-based systems, tanks, and other

12444: 8585: 6728: 6078: 240:

Worldwide employment In agriculture, forestry and fishing in 2021. India has one of the highest number of people employed in these sectors.

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Das, A. (2011), Farmers' suicide in India: implications for public mental health, International Journal of Social Psychiatry, 57(1), 21–29

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reported that, per final numbers for 2009, India had grown to become the world's largest producer of the following agricultural products:

721: 12244: 9083: 8708: 6861: 6223: 5994: 4516: 57: 7058: 6799: 3665: 12546: 11072: 10631: 10320: 9853: 9405: 7840: 6277: 4886: 4722: 12516: 7661: 4558: 2672:

takes place at mills owned by local cooperative societies. The members of the society include all farmers, small and large, supplying

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A collection of statistics (from India Statistical Report, 2011) along with sections of this Knowledge article and YouTube videos.

6692: 12763: 12454: 11525: 11500: 11129: 9917: 7893: 7009: 5896: 5015: 4857: 4831: 4211: 3179: 501: 7507:

Dev, S. Mahendra, Srijit Mishra, and Vijay Laxmi Pandey. "Agriculture in India: Performance, Challenges, and Opportunities." in

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Inconsistent government policy. Agricultural subsidies and taxes are often changed without notice for short term political ends.

12773: 10405: 9179: 8286: 8063: 7735: 6549:

Mahadevan, Renuka (December 2003). "Productivity growth in Indian agriculture: The role of globalization and economic reform".

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Crop yields vary significantly between Indian states. Some states produce two to three times more grain per acre than others.

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Akhilesh, K. B., and Kavitha Sooda. "A Study on Impact of Technology Intervention in the Field of Agriculture in India." in

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Lal, R. (August 2001). "Thematic evolution of ISTRO: transition in scientific issues and research focus from 1955 to 2000".

508: 12574: 12521: 12275: 11842: 11650: 11252: 11146: 11077: 10265: 10260: 10121: 9934: 9858: 8931: 8595: 3330: 6893:

Schurman, R. (2013), Shadow space: suicides and the predicament of rural India, Journal of Peasant Studies, 40(3), 597–601

6843: 6378:

Global Tractor Market Analysis Available to AEM Members from Agrievolution Alliance Association of Equipment Manufacturers

6331: 5745: 5147: 4938: 12668: 8949: 8780: 8202: 6757: 6512: 6052: 2824:

farming practices, lack of cold storage and harvest spoilage cause over 30% of farmer's produce going to waste, lack of

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with 29% of world's output in 2013; it is also the world's largest tractor market. Above, a tractor in Rewari, Haryana.

17: 4621: 2628:

bacteria with tiny land and water foot print is a solution for ensuring adequate protein rich food to the population.

515: 12526: 11209: 10400: 10054: 9174: 8964: 8891: 8577: 8515: 8151: 7625: 7497:

Chengappa, P. G. "Presidential Address: Secondary Agriculture: A Driver for Growth of Primary Agriculture in India."

6971: 6793: 6341: 6217: 3422: 3324: 3137: 3112: 2807: 2123: 548: 331:. India is ranked under the world's five largest producers of over 80% of agricultural produce items, including many 245: 7547:

Manida, Mr M., and G. Nedumaran. "Agriculture In India: Information About Indian Agriculture & Its Importance."

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Mathur, Archana S., Surajit Das, and Subhalakshmi Sircar. "Status of agriculture in India: trends and prospects."

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agricultural production show a similar pattern, with the growth rate for 1994–2000 attaining only 1.5% per annum.

2754: 12050: 11766: 11643: 11176: 11006: 10942: 10922: 10154: 9964: 9789: 9725: 9698: 8944: 8636: 8435: 8379: 7629:. New Delhi: Government of India, Ministry of Agriculture, Department of Agriculture and Cooperation, March 2012 7293: 6631: 6368:

Damodaran, H., 2008. Patidars and Marathas. In India's New Capitalists (pp. 216–258). Palgrave Macmillan, London.

3447: 2266:

Per final numbers for 2009, India is the world's second largest producer of the following agricultural products:

562: 497: 7681: 7589: 2750:

Spices at a store, at Khari Baoli, Old Delhi. Farmers with limited marketing options sell their surplus produce.

12589: 12475: 12254: 12249: 11445: 10870: 10313: 10064: 9644: 8131: 3771: 486: 6153: 12837: 12742: 12737: 12584: 12536: 12413: 12388: 12351: 12098: 11814: 11692: 11124: 10900: 10694: 10611: 10450: 10049: 9912: 9674: 9468: 9385: 9224: 8974: 8650: 8610: 8354: 5211: 3570: 3495: 3067: 3061: 2727: 355:

its infrastructure and raise its farm productivity like those achieved by other developing countries such as

6584: 6442: 6396: 5838: 4964: 2866:

The table compares the statewide average yields for a few major agricultural crops in India, for 2001–2002.

2403:

In 2009, India was the world's third largest producer of eggs, oranges, coconuts, tomatoes, peas and beans.

12485: 12397: 12317: 12237: 12136: 11827: 11166: 10860: 10752: 10652: 10571: 10059: 9954: 9634: 9526: 9426: 9345: 8896: 8344: 8100: 4423:"Emerging Trends, Challenges and Opportunities presentation, on publications page, see slides 7 through 21" 3520: 3470: 3410: 3282: 7474: 7452:

Bhan, Suraj, and U. K. Behera. "Conservation agriculture in India–Problems, prospects and policy issues."

7426:

Agarwal, Ankit (2011), "Theory of Optimum Utilisation of Resources in agriculture during the Gupta Period"

5114: 4581: 3817: 3694: 3610:"India economic survey 2018: Farmers gain as agriculture mechanisation speeds up, but more R&D needed" 12747: 12393: 12184: 12088: 11949: 11751: 11682: 11495: 11460: 11415: 11023: 10890: 10747: 10378: 10373: 10116: 9806: 9664: 9521: 9152: 9147: 8959: 8505: 8349: 8329: 8058: 7810: 7595:

Saradhi, Byra Pardha, et al. "Significant Trends in the Digital Transformation of Agriculture in India."

7173: 5508: 5110: 436:, which has experienced excessive rain in recent months, resulting in flooding in the Southern states of 236: 40: 7094: 4022: 2828:

and competing buyers thereby limiting Indian farmer's ability to sell the surplus and commercial crops.

1784:

Agriculture productivity in India, growth in average yields from 1970 to 2010 (in kilogram per hectare)

886:

agricultural land in India was reliably irrigated. About 2/3rd cultivated land in India is dependent on

12403: 12126: 12027: 11997: 11939: 11868: 11837: 11781: 11729: 11385: 11380: 11275: 10967: 10865: 10344: 10277: 10213: 9750: 9718: 9639: 9118: 8979: 8901: 8770: 8755: 8718: 8605: 8500: 8460: 8217: 8186: 8095: 7773: 7728: 6484: 5763:"A Scientist's Perspective on Experience with SRI in CHINA for Raising the Yields of Super Hybrid Rice" 5493: 3791: 3475: 3275: 3072: 2686: 835: 7487:

Chauhan, Bhagirath Singh, et al. "Global warming and its possible impact on agriculture in India." in

5319: 3881:

Vaidyanathan, A. Fertilizers use in Indian agriculture. J. Soc. Econ. Dev. 24 (Suppl 1), 6–21 (2022).

3842:

Vaidyanathan, A. Fertilizers use in Indian agriculture. J. Soc. Econ. Dev. 24 (Suppl 1), 6–21 (2022).

2856:

By contrast, Indian farms in some regions post the best yields, for sugarcane, cassava and tea crops.

2742:

District wise agricultural productivity in India (2003–05). Productivity varies highly across regions.

12627: 12599: 12418: 12332: 12083: 11944: 11505: 11480: 11395: 11375: 11325: 11295: 11285: 11199: 11028: 10875: 10848: 10777: 10712: 10626: 10598: 10395: 10306: 10071: 9811: 9649: 9622: 9551: 9486: 9400: 9372: 9169: 9068: 8765: 8590: 8440: 8252: 8156: 8073: 7868: 7830: 7800: 7541: 7502: 5390: 4377: 4073: 3952: 3480: 3154: 2846: 867:

Rates of electricity usage for agricultural purposes have been discussed extensively over the years.

802: 143: 64: 10328: 7584:

Ramakumar, R. "Agriculture and the Covid-19 Pandemic: An Analysis with Special Reference to India."

6952: 5035:

Indentured labor, Caribbean sugar: Chinese and Indian migrants to the British West Indies, 1838–1918

4106: 2636: 12688: 12564: 12423: 12146: 12131: 12070: 12007: 11954: 11878: 11591: 11470: 11465: 11345: 11267: 11245: 10957: 10822: 10797: 10566: 10255: 9740: 9596: 9571: 9340: 8969: 8921: 8911: 8871: 8861: 8495: 8450: 8410: 8384: 8364: 8141: 8090: 8048: 7929: 7913: 7119: 3711: 3560: 3500: 2682: 2625: 5466:. United States Department of Agriculture – Economic Research Service. August 2011. Archived from 5338: 522: 118:

afflicting rural farm workers in India to pesticide usage. The chemicals have been shown to cause

12647: 12579: 12506: 12428: 11929: 11744: 11712: 11485: 11440: 11420: 11410: 11310: 11060: 11048: 11018: 10689: 10636: 10410: 10250: 9843: 9831: 9801: 9463: 9410: 9184: 8954: 8906: 8797: 8760: 8750: 8745: 8490: 8415: 8339: 7815: 7657:

Government of India, Ministry of Agriculture, Department of Agriculture & Cooperation website

6724: 5540: 5172: 3298: 3183: 2746: 2669: 475: 300: 11219: 7530: 7433: 6085: 12511: 12300: 11739: 11666: 11510: 11425: 11405: 11290: 11280: 11055: 11011: 10895: 10827: 10817: 10782: 10420: 10415: 10198: 9838: 9794: 9669: 9601: 9591: 9556: 9194: 9189: 9038: 8851: 8846: 8792: 8713: 8483: 8478: 8455: 8291: 7778: 7682:"India's farmers start to mechanise amid a labour shortage, increasing productivity. - WSJ.com" 6001: 3585: 3490: 3304: 3172: 3047:

A third of all food that is produced rots due to inefficient supply chains and the use of the "

3015: 3000: 7607: 6868: 6207: 12721: 12706: 12322: 12312: 12214: 12199: 12141: 12037: 12012: 11924: 11873: 11863: 11822: 11776: 11771: 11707: 11555: 11490: 11455: 11390: 11370: 11360: 11320: 11300: 11098: 10807: 10657: 10581: 10533: 10523: 10159: 10032: 10017: 9886: 9863: 9581: 9431: 9355: 9307: 9297: 8886: 8834: 8819: 8260: 8181: 8110: 8105: 7898: 7863: 7805: 7721: 7055: 6939: 6785:

Keepers of the spring: reclaiming our water in an age of globalisation, By Fred Pearce, p. 77

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because of their acute toxicity and are banned in places around the world, including Europe.

53: 6292: 4554: 12678: 12642: 12295: 12060: 11734: 11702: 11596: 11515: 11475: 11450: 11430: 11365: 11330: 11315: 11156: 10905: 10812: 10802: 10762: 10757: 10496: 10435: 9944: 9679: 9586: 9576: 9536: 9531: 9270: 9209: 9063: 8856: 8839: 8316: 7521:

Kekane Maruti Arjun. "Indian, Agriculture- Status, Importance and Role in Indian Economy,"

4774: 3051:" to improve efficiency is blocked by laws against foreign investment in the retail sector. 882: 612: 391: 7459:

Bharti, N. (2018), "Evolution of agriculture finance in India: a historical perspective",

4992:

A Question of Labour: Indentured Immigration Into Trinidad & British Guiana, 1875–1917

3639: 8: 12327: 12232: 12171: 12116: 12093: 11565: 11435: 11400: 11355: 11350: 11238: 11171: 11161: 10962: 10937: 10910: 10235: 10228: 10223: 10022: 9959: 9949: 9745: 9713: 9684: 9078: 9033: 8997: 8916: 8723: 8700: 8473: 8296: 8068: 7977: 7031: 6506:

Making Rapid Strides- Agriculture in Madhya Pradesh: Sources, Drivers, and Policy Lessons

6126:

Dahiwale, S. M. (11 February 1995). "Consolidation of Maratha Dominance in Maharashtra".

5794: 4659:"Early plant domestications in southern India: some preliminary archaeobotanical results" 4320: 4287: 4273: 3964:

Department of Agriculture & Cooperation, Ministry of Agriculture, Government of India

3540: 3530: 3485: 876: 192: 4778: 4451: 3691: 3270:

and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by

428:), have experienced high temperatures and insufficient rainfall in 2022, in contrast to 221: 154:

Indian farmers are people who grow crops as a profession. Various government estimates (

12501: 12305: 12290: 12259: 12161: 12151: 11934: 11898: 11791: 11761: 11722: 11038: 11001: 10880: 10787: 10742: 10737: 10576: 10561: 10540: 10470: 10445: 10390: 10179: 10164: 10131: 10081: 10044: 9821: 9784: 9654: 9561: 9516: 9511: 9350: 9335: 9314: 9244: 9219: 9164: 9053: 9048: 9043: 8740: 8240: 8115: 8085: 8038: 8005: 7820: 7482:

Farmers, Subalterns, and activists: social politics of sustainable agriculture in India

7147: 6566: 6135: 4681: 3555: 3314: 3287: 3197: 2825: 787:

The initial increase in production was centred on the irrigated areas of the states of

648: 6993:'Prohibiting the use of agricultural land for industries is ultimately self-defeating' 5893: 5019: 4853: 4825: 4786: 4657:

Fuller; Korisettar, Ravi; Venkatasubbaiah, P.C.; Jones, Martink.; et al. (2004).

4215: 3981:"Indian Agriculture's Enduring Question: Just How Many Farmers Does the Country Have?" 3319: 848: 12805: 12285: 12189: 12179: 12002: 11919: 11903: 11832: 11799: 11620: 11043: 10932: 10927: 10792: 10772: 10767: 10679: 10674: 10491: 10440: 10218: 10208: 10203: 10106: 10091: 9826: 9708: 9703: 9566: 9546: 9541: 9453: 9448: 9265: 9214: 9025: 8824: 8688: 8389: 8043: 7613: 7526: 7429: 7404: 7233: 6789: 6337: 6298: 6271: 6213: 5437: 5069: 5038: 4995: 4918: 4912: 4524: 4051: 3792:"Agriculture in India: Agricultural Exports & Food Industry in India | IBEF" 733: 656: 624: 616: 68: 6570: 6252: 5300: 4139: 2763: 772:

reforms focused on the goal of food grain self-sufficiency. This ushered in India's

12280: 12209: 12204: 12194: 12121: 11717: 11674: 11181: 11033: 10853: 10727: 10722: 10717: 10667: 10556: 10511: 10336: 10146: 10101: 10096: 9996: 9969: 9816: 9627: 9501: 9496: 9491: 9441: 9330: 9285: 9106: 9015: 8787: 8665: 8660: 8655: 8645: 8374: 8334: 8265: 7967: 7795: 7785: 7755: 7394: 7351: 6558: 6180: 4782: 4685: 4673: 3899: 3882: 3866: 3843: 3505: 2665: 781: 773: 764: 755: 636: 567: 398: 386: 72: 11804: 7343: 6053:"New venture selects Cargill's Tennessee site to produce Calysta FeedKind Protein" 4237: 3075:, government policies, public mental health, personal issues and family problems. 3027:

released a report that food security may be a big problem in the region post 2030.

1463:

In 2019, as per Food and Agriculture Organization Corporate Statistical Database (

12637: 12569: 12022: 11697: 11687: 10974: 10952: 10885: 10662: 10245: 10169: 10111: 10076: 9757: 9735: 9659: 9436: 8560: 8555: 8545: 8538: 8306: 8161: 8146: 7972: 7855: 7329: 7126: 7081: 7062: 6975: 6847: 6491: 6403: 6384: 6209:

Inclusion and exclusion in local governance : field studies from rural India

5981: 5961: 5900: 5881: 5769: 5749: 5394: 5345: 5326: 5307: 5218: 5179: 3959: 3778: 3698: 861: 644: 628: 248:

world agriculture statistics India is the world's largest producer of many fresh

155: 3208:

offered farmers over $ 100 million in subsidised diesel to operate their pumps.

12810: 12408: 12224: 12156: 12108: 12045: 11964: 11893: 11756: 11065: 10947: 10732: 10272: 10240: 10186: 10136: 10126: 10027: 9848: 9730: 9506: 8641: 8369: 8359: 8171: 8080: 8033: 8028: 8000: 7957: 7952: 7888: 6840: 5742: 5541:"Food and Agricultural commodities production / Commodities by country / India" 5492:. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. 2011. Archived from 3903: 3886: 3870: 3847: 3565: 2738: 2392: 2248: 2149: 842: 777: 760: 620: 445: 308: 96: 88: 6505: 4677: 3086: 2988:

efficient modern retail to reduce waste can improve output and rural incomes.

12831: 12652: 12459: 12017: 11977: 11614: 10979: 10506: 10465: 10174: 10037: 9762: 9280: 9239: 8567: 8523: 8420: 7995: 7934: 7903: 7883: 7878: 7408: 4528: 3246: 3212: 2547: 2407: 985: 796: 788: 680: 652: 632: 600: 429: 417: 139: 123: 100: 7700: 5874: 3182:(ICAR), established in 1905, was responsible for the search leading to the " 2406:

India and China are competing to establish the world record on rice yields.

739: 32: 11883: 10516: 10486: 9290: 9260: 8807: 8270: 7987: 7873: 7464: 7399: 7382: 5975:

Organics Olympiad 2016: Global Indices of Leadership in Organic Agriculture

3921: 3461: 2977: 2850: 2370: 2305: 2238: 2137: 891: 812: 575: 348: 127: 7425: 6968: 6503: 5875:

Final Area & Production Estimates for Horticulture Crops for 2012–2013

1010: 201: 11992: 11987: 11972: 11888: 11635: 11624: 10621: 10191: 9395: 9010: 9005: 8733: 8550: 8533: 8425: 8053: 8020: 7962: 7944: 7908: 7640: 7568:

Nedumaran, Dr G. "E-Agriculture and Rural Development in India." (2020).

6562: 5685: 5659: 5624: 4391: 3144: 3095: 2678: 2653: 2649: 2641: 2604: 2421: 2325: 2320: 2226: 1467:) data, India produces various agriculture products in following values: 1052: 824: 433: 312: 292: 285: 110: 7074: 5578: 4827:

Something about sugar: its history, growth, manufacture and distribution

4272:. Central Institute of Fisheries Technology, India. 2008. Archived from 2806:

A 2003 analysis of India's agricultural growth from 1970 to 2001 by the

2707: 2584:

During the 2013 fiscal year, India exported horticulture products worth

212: 12343: 10460: 10352: 9234: 9126: 8528: 8212: 8010: 7562: 7355: 6139: 3171:

Research and Information Network', and 'Development / Strengthening of

3161: 3048: 3020: 3007: 2608: 2284: 2221: 2215: 2210: 2143: 1109: 853: 608: 583: 579: 380: 316: 273: 135: 131: 106: 11230: 901:

Further information on the innovative water harvesting technique:

570:

provides some of the earliest written record of agriculture in India.

8728: 7344:"Zero Budget Natural Farming and Bovine Entanglements in South India" 7234:"Agriculture Technology | National Institute of Food and Agriculture" 6443:"SMALLHOLDER FARMERS IN INDIA: FOOD SECURITY AND AGRICULTURAL POLICY" 5361:

How to solve the problems of India's rain-dependent agricultural land

3374: 2980:, micro-climates, local resources, farmer knowledge and innovations. 2673: 2374: 2360: 2256: 1261: 1219: 1209: 697: 664: 587: 441: 344: 332: 328: 324: 8301: 7383:"Artificial Intelligence to Improve the Food and Agriculture Sector" 5438:"India election 2019: How sugar influences the world's biggest vote" 4656: 4311: 4309: 3245:

Paramparagat Krishi Vikas Yojana (PKVY) was launched in 2015 by the

2991:

The low productivity in India is a result of the following factors:

732:

Despite some stagnation during the later modern era the independent

464: 11982: 10357: 9131: 8166: 6862:"Farmers suicide in India: magnitudes, trends and spatial patterns" 6157: 4015:"Who is a farmer? What is The Government's Definition Of A Farmer?" 2388: 2382: 2342: 2309: 2234: 1430: 1315: 902: 676: 591: 7084:

Indian agricultural research institute, Retrieved in December 2007

6333:

India's white revolution Operation Flood, food aid and development

5064:. Cambridge; New York : Cambridge University Press. pp. 5057: 404: 291:

India is currently the world's second largest producer of several

7673:

Brighter Green Policy Paper: Veg or NonVeg, India at a Crossroads

7648: 7574:

Ramakumar, R. "Large-scale Investments in Agriculture in India."

6528:

Figure 8: State-wise Agriculture Growth Rate (2005–06 to 2014–15)

6027:"Food made from natural gas will soon feed farm animals – and us" 5834: 5719:. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. 2011. 5574: 5544: 4967:. The National Archives, Government of the United Kingdom. 2010. 4941:. The National Archives, Government of the United Kingdom. 2010. 4885:. USAID, Govt of United States. 2006. p. 7.1. Archived from 4306: 4290:. Food and Africulture Organisation of the United Nations. 2011. 4142:. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. 2009. 3738:"India outranks US, China with world's highest net cropland area" 3388: 3037: 2972: 2777: 2776:

Since 2002, India has become the world's largest manufacturer of

2613: 2295: 2187: 2182: 2177: 2154: 1471: 1464: 1365: 792: 744: 688: 668: 640: 571: 343:, in 2010. India is one of the world's five largest producers of 320: 296: 115: 7523:

International Journal of Agriculture and Food Science Technology

6590:. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. 2006. 6448:. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. 2003. 6290: 5955:

Atlas of Organics: Four Maps of the World of Organic Agriculture

5506: 2772: 27:

Importance of Agriculture/Forestry/Livestock in national economy

12632: 12607: 7713: 4270:"Export of marine products from India (see statistics section)" 4107:"The Food Chain in Fertile India, Growth Outstrips Agriculture" 3821: 3395: 3367: 3041: 2621: 2617: 2396: 2366: 2347: 2300: 2289: 2252: 2205: 2191: 2159: 1927:

Production of crop for various years (in thousands of hectare)

1382: 1290: 1192: 1167: 1157: 1062: 820: 784:

and earned the distinction of being the country's breadbasket.

767:

and earned the distinction of being the country's bread basket.

713: 660: 437: 425: 372: 356: 340: 336: 269: 7514:

Goyal, S. & Prabha, & Rai, Dr & Singh, Shree Ram.

6725:"Satellites Unlock Secret To Northern India's Vanishing Water" 2863:

and Gujarat in the west have shown rapid agricultural growth.

12800: 12055: 10331: 7667:

Principal crops of India and problems with Indian agriculture

7098: 6659:"UN climate panel warns India of severe food, water shortage" 6504:

Ashok Gulati; Pallavi Rajkhowa; Pravesh Sharma (April 2017).

4198:"India Allows Wheat Exports for the First Time in Four Years" 3292: 3205: 2841: 2600: 2520: 2493: 2466: 2271: 2244: 1440: 1092: 1088: 1035: 860:

Two states, Sikkim and Kerala have planned to shift fully to

816: 743:

blueberry flower harvesting in India. This is a cash crop in

712:

century all over the world. Sugarcane plantations, just like

693: 672: 421: 409: 376: 360: 304: 277: 261: 253: 249: 230:

Threshing, cotton picking, rice farming and tea leaf plucking

80: 12450:

Department of Agriculture, Co-operation and Farmers' Welfare

7509:

A Concise Handbook of the Indian Economy in the 21st Century

7348:

RCC Perspectives: Transformations in Environment and Society

6154:"National Federation of Cooperative Sugar Factories Limited" 5953:

Paull, John & Hennig, Benjamin (2016) rider Vinay Kumar

5863:

Deficit rains spare horticulture, record production expected

170:

India's National Policy for Farmers 2007 defines farmer as:

12481:

Protection of Plant Varieties and Farmers' Rights Act, 2001

11103: 9891: 7204:"Agri share in GDP hit 20% after 17 years: Economic Survey" 6632:"Is Northwestern India's Breadbasket Running Out of Water?" 5253:"State to switch fully to organic farming by 2016: Mohanan" 4856:. Food and Agriculture Organization, United Nations. 2009. 3381: 3087:

Diversion of agricultural land for non-agricultural purpose

2716: 2314: 2276: 2172: 2167: 1340: 1236: 960: 736:

was able to develop a comprehensive agricultural programme.

281: 265: 257: 7656: 6406:

The Financial Times (8 April 2014) (subscription required)

5339:

Agricultural irrigated land (% of total agricultural land)

6605:"India: Priorities for Agriculture and Rural Development" 6599: 6597: 6284: 5509:"Bulletin: Economic Development and Agriculture in India" 4914:

Sweetness and Power: The Place of Sugar in Modern History

4079:. United States Department of Agriculture. October 2011. 3666:"Agriculture's share in GDP declines to 13.7% in 2012–13" 3402: 2337: 119: 76: 6079:"Assessment of environmental impact of FeedKind protein" 5984:, Journal of Social and Development Sciences. 7(2):79–87 5212:"Sikkim 'livelihood schools' to promote organic farming" 5109: 4716:"Science in India with Special Reference to Agriculture" 727: 36:

Development of agricultural output of India in 2015 US$

7597:

International Journal of Grid and Distributed Computing

7294:"E-Commerce for Ag Business: Advantages and Challenges" 6294:

Cooperative Marketing of Fruits and Vegetables in India

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St Martin's Press. 3614:The Financial Express 3143:Viticulture farms in 2894:kilogram per hectare 2794: 2783: 2775: 2766: 2757: 2749: 2741: 2710: 2650:cooperative societies 2639: 1474:data for India, 2019 896:groundwater depletion 851: 805: 758: 742: 605:Macrotyloma uniflorum 407: 239: 172: 43: 35: 12838:Agriculture in India 12679:Samyukt Kisan Morcha 12643:Reuters Market Light 12585:Women in agriculture 12375:Agriculture in India 12099:Separatist movements 11501:United Arab Emirates 10612:Economic development 10456:Voluntary guidelines 10451:Industrial licensing 9386:Economic development 9230:Voluntary guidelines 9225:Industrial licensing 8355:Environmental issues 8137:Non-Aligned Movement 7914:Seleucid–Mauryan war 7489:Advances in agronomy 7400:10.1155/2021/5584754 7328:23 July 2021 at the 7298:Penn State Extension 7151:, 28 February 2016, 7095:"Farmers Commission" 6563:10.18356/5728288b-en 6258:on 24 September 2015 5960:24 July 2019 at the 5775:on 20 November 2011. 5289:on 10 November 2014. 5033:Lai, Walton (1993). 4990:Laurence, K (1994). 4814:Shaffer, pp. 310–311 4421:Sinha, R.K. (2010). 4048:"FAOSTAT, 2014 data" 3958:24 July 2020 at the 3272:adding missing items 2891:kilogram per hectare 2888:kilogram per hectare 2441:Average fruits yield 2379:Indigenous goat meat 1801:Average yield, 2019 883:rainwater harvesting 613:Setaria verticillata 483:improve this article 295:, agriculture-based 284:, the world's major 150:Definition of farmer 50:agriculture in India 12137:Illegal immigration 11782:Widening income gap 11528:limited recognition 11261:Agriculture in Asia 10374:Ministry of Finance 9148:Ministry of Finance 8152:Indo-Pakistani wars 8096:Partition of Bengal 7686:Wall Street Journal 7578:43 (2012): 92–103. 7471:Working Paper 14-01 7210:. 29 January 2021. 6860:Nagraj, K. (2008). 6827:, 21 December 2011. 6713:. pp. 492–493. 6709:Sankaran, S. "28". 5973:Paull, John (2016) 5894:Horticulture output 5791:The Philippine Star 5581:on 22 November 2016 5496:on 14 January 2013. 5414:on 18 November 2018 5344:16 May 2015 at the 5306:29 May 2015 at the 5223:Hindu Business Line 5217:28 May 2013 at the 5178:8 July 2014 at the 5022:on 23 October 2020. 4779:2001STilR..61....3L 4429:on 15 November 2011 4398:. 3 December 2011. 3824:on 8 September 2017 3744:on 18 November 2018 3701:Accessed 7 May 2013 3616:. 29 January 2018. 3541:Pesticide poisoning 3531:Irrigation in India 3486:Beekeeping in India 3339:for organic farming 2595:Organic agriculture 2429: 2385:and other brassicas 1928: 1785: 1475: 937:Value (US$ , 2016) 927: 877:Irrigation in India 836:food security index 160:Agricultural Census 12527:Kisan Samman Nidhi 12502:Atal Bhujal Yojana 12089:Religious violence 11950:Female infanticide 11935:Child prostitution 11752:Standard of living 11024:Telecommunications 10550:Financial services 10471:Atmanirbhar Bharat 10391:Finance Commission 10117:Standard of living 9807:Telecommunications 9324:Financial services 9245:Atmanirbhar Bharat 9165:Finance Commission 8330:Biosphere reserves 8086:Bengal Renaissance 8074:Commander-in-Chief 8039:East India Company 7642:Indian Agriculture 7561:(2006): 5327-5336 7441:Smart Technologies 7178:www.techinasia.com 7148:The Indian Express 6160:on 5 February 2012 5761:L.P. Yuan (2010). 4892:on 6 November 2013 4728:on 5 February 2012 4714:Tamboli and Nene. 4580:Roy, Mira (2009). 4487:www.indiaspend.com 4111:The New York Times 3587:Bihar Peasant Life 3556:Retailing in India 3288:Atal Bhujal Yojana 3262:Government schemes 3160:Tea plantation in 3010:, Indian branch's 2782: 2770: 2761: 2752: 2744: 2713: 2646: 2448:(million hectares) 2438:(million hectares) 2427: 1926: 1783: 1470: 925: 858: 808: 769: 749: 649:Pennisetum glaucum 607:, millet-grasses ( 414: 268:, staples such as 242: 52:dates back to the 46: 38: 18:Indian agriculture 12825: 12824: 12819: 12818: 12806:Tractors in India 12616: 12615: 12341: 12340: 12127:Human trafficking 11940:Child trafficking 11869:Domestic violence 11838:Natural disasters 11833:Manual scavenging 11693:Farmers' suicides 11633: 11632: 11570:other territories 11228: 11227: 10753:Jammu and Kashmir 10379:Finance ministers 10296: 10295: 10292: 10291: 10288: 10287: 9982: 9981: 9978: 9977: 9527:Jammu and Kashmir 9153:Finance ministers 9096: 9095: 9092: 9091: 9084:Women in politics 9059:Political parties 8992: 8991: 8988: 8987: 8798:Chief Secretaries 8771:State governments 8766:Cabinet Secretary 8719:Foreign relations 8678: 8677: 8674: 8673: 8230: 8229: 8226: 8225: 8218:COVID-19 pandemic 8091:Political reforms 7619:978-1-55587-810-8 7456:2.4 (2014): 1–12. 7270:. 5 August 2019. 6820:Zakaria, Fareed. 6698:on 10 April 2009. 6304:978-81-7022-820-2 5359:"Economic Times: 5075:978-0-521-44405-7 5044:978-0-8018-7746-9 5001:978-0-312-12172-3 4924:978-0-14-009233-2 4695:on 10 August 2012 3301:for local storage 3006:According to the 2968: 2967: 2728:Cooperative banks 2582: 2581: 2115: 2114: 1924: 1923: 1777: 1776: 1618:Lemons and limes 1461: 1460: 734:Republic of India 657:Eleusine coracana 647:), pearl millet ( 617:Triticum dicoccum 559: 558: 551: 533: 16:(Redirected from 12845: 12600:Green Revolution 12596: 12595: 12368: 12361: 12354: 12345: 12344: 12333:Police brutality 12122:Groom kidnapping 12084:Ethnic relations 11945:Female foeticide 11660: 11653: 11646: 11637: 11636: 11623: 11613: 11612: 11582:Christmas Island 11268:Sovereign states 11255: 11248: 11241: 11232: 11231: 11218: 11217: 11208: 11207: 11198: 11197: 11182:Mumbai Consensus 10748:Himachal Pradesh 10637:Numbering system 10627:Green revolution 10502:Historical Forex 10337:Economy of India 10335: 10334: 10323: 10316: 10309: 10300: 10299: 10251:Physical culture 10072:Ethnic relations 10008: 10007: 9988: 9987: 9970:Mumbai Consensus 9522:Himachal Pradesh 9411:Numbering system 9401:Green revolution 9276:Historical Forex 9115: 9114: 9102: 9101: 9074:Scheduled groups 8877: 8876: 8813: 8812: 8697: 8696: 8684: 8683: 8666:Tourism in India 8661:History of India 8656:Culture of India 8266:Geology of India 8249: 8248: 8236: 8235: 8167:Naxal Insurgency 8162:White Revolution 8157:Green Revolution 7764: 7763: 7751: 7750: 7738: 7731: 7724: 7715: 7714: 7702: 7701: 7697: 7695: 7693: 7688:. Online.wsj.com 7622: 7413: 7412: 7402: 7378: 7372: 7371: 7369: 7367: 7356:10.5282/RCC/7771 7339: 7333: 7320: 7314: 7313: 7311: 7309: 7290: 7284: 7283: 7281: 7279: 7260: 7254: 7253: 7251: 7249: 7230: 7224: 7223: 7221: 7219: 7200: 7194: 7193: 7191: 7189: 7170: 7164: 7163: 7162: 7160: 7139: 7133: 7132:, 5 August 2012. 7117: 7111: 7110: 7108: 7106: 7097:. Archived from 7091: 7085: 7072: 7066: 7053: 7047: 7046: 7044: 7042: 7028: 7022: 7021: 7019: 7017: 7012:on 17 March 2011 7008:. Archived from 7001: 6995: 6989: 6978: 6966: 6957: 6956: 6950: 6945: 6943: 6935: 6933: 6931: 6925: 6918: 6909: 6903: 6900: 6894: 6891: 6885: 6882: 6876: 6875: 6873: 6867:. Archived from 6866: 6857: 6851: 6837: 6828: 6818: 6812: 6811: 6809: 6807: 6788:. Island Press. 6779: 6773: 6772: 6770: 6768: 6762: 6756:. Archived from 6755: 6747: 6741: 6740: 6738: 6736: 6721: 6715: 6714: 6706: 6700: 6699: 6697: 6685: 6679: 6678: 6676: 6674: 6665:. Archived from 6654: 6648: 6647: 6645: 6643: 6627: 6621: 6620: 6618: 6616: 6601: 6592: 6591: 6589: 6581: 6575: 6574: 6546: 6531: 6530: 6525: 6523: 6517: 6510: 6501: 6495: 6482: 6476: 6475: 6473: 6471: 6456: 6450: 6449: 6447: 6439: 6433: 6432: 6430: 6428: 6413: 6407: 6394: 6388: 6375: 6369: 6366: 6360: 6359: 6357: 6355: 6327: 6321: 6320: 6318: 6316: 6288: 6282: 6281: 6275: 6267: 6265: 6263: 6257: 6251:. Archived from 6250: 6242: 6236: 6235: 6233: 6231: 6203: 6197: 6196: 6194: 6192: 6183:. Rediff India. 6176: 6170: 6169: 6167: 6165: 6150: 6144: 6143: 6123: 6112: 6107: 6101: 6100: 6098: 6096: 6091:on 2 August 2019 6090: 6084:. Archived from 6083: 6075: 6069: 6068: 6066: 6064: 6049: 6043: 6042: 6040: 6038: 6023: 6017: 6016: 6014: 6012: 6006: 6000:. Archived from 5999: 5991: 5985: 5971: 5965: 5951: 5945: 5944: 5942: 5940: 5935:on 7 August 2015 5934: 5927: 5919: 5904: 5891: 5885: 5872: 5866: 5860: 5851: 5850: 5848: 5846: 5831: 5825: 5824: 5822: 5820: 5805: 5799: 5798: 5783: 5777: 5776: 5774: 5768:. Archived from 5767: 5758: 5752: 5739: 5733: 5732: 5730: 5728: 5713: 5702: 5701: 5699: 5697: 5682: 5676: 5675: 5673: 5671: 5656: 5650: 5647: 5641: 5640: 5638: 5636: 5621: 5615: 5612: 5591: 5590: 5588: 5586: 5567: 5561: 5560: 5558: 5556: 5537: 5531: 5530: 5528: 5526: 5520: 5513: 5504: 5498: 5497: 5486: 5480: 5479: 5477: 5475: 5460: 5454: 5453: 5451: 5449: 5433: 5424: 5423: 5421: 5419: 5410:. Archived from 5404: 5398: 5385: 5379: 5378: 5376: 5374: 5355: 5349: 5336: 5330: 5317: 5311: 5297: 5291: 5290: 5285:. Archived from 5279: 5273: 5272: 5270: 5268: 5248: 5242: 5232: 5226: 5209: 5203: 5193: 5187: 5170: 5164: 5163: 5161: 5159: 5144: 5138: 5136: 5134: 5132: 5126: 5119: 5107: 5098: 5095: 5089: 5086: 5080: 5079: 5055: 5049: 5048: 5030: 5024: 5023: 5012: 5006: 5005: 4987: 4981: 4980: 4978: 4976: 4961: 4955: 4954: 4952: 4950: 4935: 4929: 4928: 4908: 4902: 4901: 4899: 4897: 4891: 4884: 4876: 4870: 4869: 4867: 4865: 4850: 4844: 4843: 4841: 4839: 4821: 4815: 4812: 4806: 4800: 4791: 4790: 4762: 4756: 4753: 4747: 4744: 4738: 4737: 4735: 4733: 4727: 4720: 4711: 4705: 4704: 4702: 4700: 4694: 4688:. Archived from 4663: 4654: 4648: 4647: 4645: 4643: 4637: 4626: 4618: 4612: 4611: 4609: 4607: 4601: 4586: 4577: 4571: 4570: 4568: 4566: 4551: 4545: 4544: 4542: 4540: 4512: 4503: 4502: 4500: 4498: 4478: 4472: 4471: 4469: 4467: 4448: 4439: 4438: 4436: 4434: 4418: 4412: 4411: 4409: 4407: 4388: 4382: 4381: 4380:on 10 June 2015. 4370: 4364: 4363: 4361: 4359: 4344: 4333: 4332: 4330: 4328: 4319:. Archived from 4313: 4304: 4303: 4301: 4299: 4284: 4278: 4277: 4266: 4260: 4259: 4257: 4255: 4249: 4242: 4234: 4228: 4227: 4225: 4223: 4208: 4202: 4201: 4194: 4185: 4184: 4182: 4180: 4165: 4156: 4155: 4153: 4151: 4136: 4127: 4126: 4124: 4122: 4102: 4096: 4095: 4093: 4091: 4085: 4078: 4070: 4064: 4063: 4061: 4059: 4044: 4035: 4034: 4032: 4030: 4025:on 11 April 2021 4021:. Archived from 4010: 4001: 4000: 3998: 3996: 3976: 3967: 3950: 3939: 3938: 3936: 3934: 3912: 3906: 3895: 3889: 3879: 3873: 3863: 3850: 3840: 3834: 3833: 3831: 3829: 3820:. Archived from 3814: 3808: 3807: 3805: 3803: 3788: 3782: 3769: 3754: 3753: 3751: 3749: 3740:. Archived from 3734: 3728: 3727: 3725: 3723: 3708: 3702: 3688: 3682: 3681: 3679: 3677: 3662: 3656: 3655: 3653: 3651: 3636: 3630: 3629: 3627: 3625: 3606: 3591: 3506:Fishing in India 3464: 3459: 3458: 3457: 3450: 3445: 3444: 3443: 3425: 3413: 3360: 3276:reliable sources 3198:organised retail 3157: 3140: 3014:, India's large 2869: 2868: 2826:organised retail 2802: 2791: 2666:sugar production 2590: 2588: 2546: 2544: 2543: 2519: 2517: 2516: 2492: 2490: 2489: 2465: 2463: 2462: 2430: 2426: 2281:Fresh vegetables 2134:Lemons and limes 1929: 1925: 1786: 1782: 1522:Castor oil seed 1476: 1469: 1119:Fresh Vegetables 928: 924: 782:green revolution 774:Green Revolution 765:Green Revolution 637:Lablab purpureus 568:Vedic literature 554: 547: 543: 540: 534: 532: 491: 467: 459: 399:green revolution 244:As per the 2014 224: 215: 204: 195: 65:animal husbandry 54:Neolithic period 21: 12853: 12852: 12848: 12847: 12846: 12844: 12843: 12842: 12828: 12827: 12826: 12821: 12820: 12815: 12789: 12752: 12726: 12695: 12657: 12638:Pantnagar Seeds 12612: 12594: 12570:Operation Flood 12565:Farming systems 12551: 12490: 12464: 12433: 12377: 12372: 12342: 12337: 12264: 12219: 12166: 12147:Organised crime 12132:Illegal housing 12103: 12065: 12032: 12008:Menstrual taboo 11959: 11955:Street children 11908: 11879:Family planning 11852: 11809: 11786: 11669: 11664: 11634: 11629: 11601: 11569: 11560: 11541:Northern Cyprus 11527: 11520: 11262: 11259: 11229: 11224: 11186: 11113: 11082: 10992:Pharmaceuticals 10832: 10701: 10641: 10607:COVID-19 impact 10593: 10545: 10475: 10362: 10339: 10329: 10327: 10297: 10284: 10256:Public holidays 10141: 10087:Life expectancy 10002: 10001: 9974: 9901: 9870: 9775:Pharmaceuticals 9606: 9475: 9415: 9381:COVID-19 impact 9367: 9319: 9249: 9136: 9109: 9088: 9020: 8984: 8926: 8866: 8862:District Courts 8802: 8793:Chief Ministers 8691: 8670: 8620: 8572: 8510: 8484:Western coastal 8479:Eastern coastal 8466:Mountain passes 8399: 8385:Protected areas 8311: 8307:Stones of India 8275: 8243: 8222: 8191: 8177:Space programme 8147:Sino-Indian War 8142:Five-Year Plans 8120: 8015: 7982: 7973:Delhi Sultanate 7939: 7930:Middle kingdoms 7923:Middle Kingdoms 7918: 7850: 7758: 7745: 7742: 7707: 7691: 7689: 7637: 7620: 7549:Aegaeum Journal 7422: 7420:Further reading 7417: 7416: 7379: 7375: 7365: 7363: 7340: 7336: 7330:Wayback Machine 7321: 7317: 7307: 7305: 7292: 7291: 7287: 7277: 7275: 7262: 7261: 7257: 7247: 7245: 7232: 7231: 7227: 7217: 7215: 7202: 7201: 7197: 7187: 7185: 7172: 7171: 7167: 7158: 7156: 7141: 7140: 7136: 7127:Wayback Machine 7118: 7114: 7104: 7102: 7093: 7092: 7088: 7082:Wayback Machine 7073: 7069: 7063:Wayback Machine 7054: 7050: 7040: 7038: 7030: 7029: 7025: 7015: 7013: 7002: 6998: 6990: 6981: 6976:Wayback Machine 6967: 6960: 6948: 6946: 6937: 6936: 6929: 6927: 6923: 6916: 6910: 6906: 6901: 6897: 6892: 6888: 6883: 6879: 6874:on 12 May 2011. 6871: 6864: 6858: 6854: 6848:Wayback Machine 6838: 6831: 6819: 6815: 6805: 6803: 6796: 6780: 6776: 6766: 6764: 6763:on 22 June 2010 6760: 6753: 6749: 6748: 6744: 6734: 6732: 6723: 6722: 6718: 6707: 6703: 6695: 6687: 6686: 6682: 6672: 6670: 6669:on 1 April 2014 6663:Hindustan Times 6655: 6651: 6641: 6639: 6628: 6624: 6614: 6612: 6603: 6602: 6595: 6587: 6583: 6582: 6578: 6547: 6534: 6521: 6519: 6515: 6508: 6502: 6498: 6492:Wayback Machine 6483: 6479: 6469: 6467: 6458: 6457: 6453: 6445: 6441: 6440: 6436: 6426: 6424: 6415: 6414: 6410: 6404:Wayback Machine 6395: 6391: 6385:Wayback Machine 6376: 6372: 6367: 6363: 6353: 6351: 6344: 6328: 6324: 6314: 6312: 6305: 6289: 6285: 6269: 6268: 6261: 6259: 6255: 6248: 6246:"Archived copy" 6244: 6243: 6239: 6229: 6227: 6220: 6204: 6200: 6190: 6188: 6177: 6173: 6163: 6161: 6152: 6151: 6147: 6124: 6115: 6108: 6104: 6094: 6092: 6088: 6081: 6077: 6076: 6072: 6062: 6060: 6051: 6050: 6046: 6036: 6034: 6025: 6024: 6020: 6010: 6008: 6004: 5997: 5993: 5992: 5988: 5982:Wayback Machine 5972: 5968: 5962:Wayback Machine 5952: 5948: 5938: 5936: 5932: 5925: 5921: 5920: 5907: 5901:Wayback Machine 5892: 5888: 5882:Wayback Machine 5873: 5869: 5861: 5854: 5844: 5842: 5833: 5832: 5828: 5818: 5816: 5807: 5806: 5802: 5785: 5784: 5780: 5772: 5765: 5759: 5755: 5750:Wayback Machine 5740: 5736: 5726: 5724: 5715: 5714: 5705: 5695: 5693: 5684: 5683: 5679: 5669: 5667: 5658: 5657: 5653: 5648: 5644: 5634: 5632: 5623: 5622: 5618: 5613: 5594: 5584: 5582: 5569: 5568: 5564: 5554: 5552: 5539: 5538: 5534: 5524: 5522: 5518: 5511: 5505: 5501: 5488: 5487: 5483: 5473: 5471: 5470:on 17 July 2015 5462: 5461: 5457: 5447: 5445: 5434: 5427: 5417: 5415: 5406: 5405: 5401: 5395:Wayback Machine 5386: 5382: 5372: 5370: 5357: 5356: 5352: 5346:Wayback Machine 5337: 5333: 5327:Wayback Machine 5318: 5314: 5308:Wayback Machine 5298: 5294: 5281: 5280: 5276: 5266: 5264: 5249: 5245: 5239:Telegraph India 5233: 5229: 5219:Wayback Machine 5210: 5206: 5194: 5190: 5180:Wayback Machine 5171: 5167: 5157: 5155: 5146: 5145: 5141: 5130: 5128: 5124: 5117: 5108: 5101: 5096: 5092: 5087: 5083: 5076: 5056: 5052: 5045: 5031: 5027: 5014: 5013: 5009: 5002: 4988: 4984: 4974: 4972: 4965:"Forced Labour" 4963: 4962: 4958: 4948: 4946: 4937: 4936: 4932: 4925: 4909: 4905: 4895: 4893: 4889: 4882: 4878: 4877: 4873: 4863: 4861: 4852: 4851: 4847: 4837: 4835: 4822: 4818: 4813: 4809: 4801: 4794: 4763: 4759: 4754: 4750: 4745: 4741: 4731: 4729: 4725: 4718: 4712: 4708: 4698: 4696: 4692: 4661: 4655: 4651: 4641: 4639: 4635: 4624: 4620: 4619: 4615: 4605: 4603: 4599: 4584: 4578: 4574: 4564: 4562: 4553: 4552: 4548: 4538: 4536: 4513: 4506: 4496: 4494: 4479: 4475: 4465: 4463: 4450: 4449: 4442: 4432: 4430: 4419: 4415: 4405: 4403: 4390: 4389: 4385: 4372: 4371: 4367: 4357: 4355: 4346: 4345: 4336: 4326: 4324: 4323:on 12 July 2012 4315: 4314: 4307: 4297: 4295: 4286: 4285: 4281: 4276:on 1 July 2013. 4268: 4267: 4263: 4253: 4251: 4247: 4240: 4236: 4235: 4231: 4221: 4219: 4218:on 6 April 2012 4210: 4209: 4205: 4196: 4195: 4188: 4178: 4176: 4167: 4166: 4159: 4149: 4147: 4138: 4137: 4130: 4120: 4118: 4103: 4099: 4089: 4087: 4083: 4076: 4072: 4071: 4067: 4057: 4055: 4054:on 7 April 2012 4046: 4045: 4038: 4028: 4026: 4011: 4004: 3994: 3992: 3977: 3970: 3960:Wayback Machine 3951: 3942: 3932: 3930: 3913: 3909: 3896: 3892: 3880: 3876: 3864: 3853: 3841: 3837: 3827: 3825: 3816: 3815: 3811: 3801: 3799: 3790: 3789: 3785: 3779:Wayback Machine 3770: 3757: 3747: 3745: 3736: 3735: 3731: 3721: 3719: 3710: 3709: 3705: 3699:Wayback Machine 3689: 3685: 3675: 3673: 3664: 3663: 3659: 3649: 3647: 3638: 3637: 3633: 3623: 3621: 3608: 3607: 3603: 3598: 3580: 3575: 3460: 3455: 3453: 3446: 3441: 3439: 3436: 3429: 3426: 3417: 3414: 3405: 3361: 3352: 3279: 3264: 3241: 3239:Organic farming 3225: 3168: 3167: 3166: 3165: 3164: 3158: 3149: 3148: 3147: 3141: 3130: 3125: 3124: 3116: 3108: 3089: 3081: 3064: 3058: 3056:Farmer suicides 2838: 2821: 2803: 2800: 2792: 2789: 2736: 2725: 2705: 2696: 2662: 2634: 2597: 2586: 2585: 2541: 2539: 2514: 2512: 2487: 2485: 2460: 2458: 2452: 2447: 2442: 2437: 2417: 2401: 2264: 2202:Fruit, tropical 2190:, mangosteens, 2150:Sunflower seeds 2120: 1730:Sweet potatoes 1274:$ 5.62 billion 1122:$ 11.87 billion 1097:$ 14.52 billion 1068:$ 23.30 billion 1040:$ 26.06 billion 1015:$ 32.55 billion 990:$ 43.09 billion 965:$ 70.18 billion 951: 946: 941: 919: 910: 905: 879: 873: 862:organic farming 730: 645:Sorghum bicolor 629:Hordeum vulgare 565: 555: 544: 538: 535: 492: 490: 480: 468: 457: 392:quality protein 299:raw materials, 234: 233: 232: 231: 227: 226: 225: 217: 216: 207: 206: 205: 197: 196: 185: 152: 95:countries, the 48:The history of 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 12851: 12841: 12840: 12823: 12822: 12817: 12816: 12814: 12813: 12811:Krishi Darshan 12808: 12803: 12797: 12795: 12791: 12790: 12788: 12787: 12786: 12785: 12776: 12771: 12760: 12758: 12754: 12753: 12751: 12750: 12745: 12740: 12734: 12732: 12728: 12727: 12725: 12724: 12719: 12714: 12709: 12703: 12701: 12697: 12696: 12694: 12693: 12692: 12691: 12686: 12681: 12671: 12665: 12663: 12659: 12658: 12656: 12655: 12650: 12645: 12640: 12635: 12630: 12624: 12622: 12618: 12617: 12614: 12613: 12611: 12610: 12604: 12602: 12593: 12592: 12587: 12582: 12580:History of tea 12577: 12572: 12567: 12561: 12559: 12553: 12552: 12550: 12549: 12544: 12539: 12534: 12529: 12524: 12519: 12514: 12509: 12504: 12498: 12496: 12492: 12491: 12489: 12488: 12483: 12478: 12472: 12470: 12466: 12465: 12463: 12462: 12457: 12452: 12447: 12441: 12439: 12435: 12434: 12432: 12431: 12426: 12421: 12416: 12411: 12406: 12401: 12391: 12385: 12383: 12379: 12378: 12371: 12370: 12363: 12356: 12348: 12339: 12338: 12336: 12335: 12330: 12325: 12320: 12315: 12310: 12309: 12308: 12303: 12293: 12288: 12283: 12278: 12272: 12270: 12266: 12265: 12263: 12262: 12257: 12252: 12247: 12242: 12241: 12240: 12229: 12227: 12221: 12220: 12218: 12217: 12212: 12207: 12202: 12197: 12192: 12187: 12182: 12176: 12174: 12168: 12167: 12165: 12164: 12159: 12154: 12149: 12144: 12142:Illegal mining 12139: 12134: 12129: 12124: 12119: 12113: 12111: 12105: 12104: 12102: 12101: 12096: 12091: 12086: 12081: 12075: 12073: 12067: 12066: 12064: 12063: 12058: 12053: 12048: 12046:Caste politics 12042: 12040: 12034: 12033: 12031: 12030: 12025: 12020: 12015: 12010: 12005: 12000: 11998:Women's health 11995: 11990: 11985: 11980: 11975: 11969: 11967: 11961: 11960: 11958: 11957: 11952: 11947: 11942: 11937: 11932: 11930:Child marriage 11927: 11922: 11916: 11914: 11910: 11909: 11907: 11906: 11901: 11896: 11894:Nuclear family 11891: 11886: 11881: 11876: 11871: 11866: 11860: 11858: 11854: 11853: 11851: 11850: 11848:Water disputes 11845: 11840: 11835: 11830: 11828:Climate change 11825: 11819: 11817: 11811: 11810: 11808: 11807: 11802: 11796: 11794: 11788: 11787: 11785: 11784: 11779: 11774: 11769: 11764: 11759: 11757:Street vendors 11754: 11749: 11748: 11747: 11737: 11732: 11727: 11726: 11725: 11715: 11710: 11705: 11700: 11695: 11690: 11685: 11683:Communications 11679: 11677: 11671: 11670: 11663: 11662: 11655: 11648: 11640: 11631: 11630: 11628: 11627: 11617: 11606: 11603: 11602: 11600: 11599: 11594: 11589: 11584: 11579: 11573: 11571: 11562: 11561: 11559: 11558: 11553: 11548: 11543: 11538: 11532: 11530: 11522: 11521: 11519: 11518: 11513: 11508: 11503: 11498: 11493: 11488: 11483: 11478: 11473: 11468: 11463: 11458: 11453: 11448: 11443: 11438: 11433: 11428: 11423: 11418: 11413: 11408: 11403: 11398: 11393: 11388: 11383: 11378: 11373: 11368: 11363: 11358: 11353: 11348: 11343: 11338: 11333: 11328: 11323: 11318: 11313: 11308: 11303: 11298: 11293: 11288: 11283: 11278: 11272: 11270: 11264: 11263: 11258: 11257: 11250: 11243: 11235: 11226: 11225: 11223: 11222: 11212: 11202: 11191: 11188: 11187: 11185: 11184: 11179: 11174: 11169: 11164: 11159: 11157:Income Tax Act 11154: 11149: 11144: 11139: 11134: 11133: 11132: 11121: 11119: 11115: 11114: 11112: 11111: 11106: 11101: 11096: 11090: 11088: 11084: 11083: 11081: 11080: 11075: 11070: 11069: 11068: 11063: 11058: 11053: 11052: 11051: 11036: 11031: 11026: 11021: 11016: 11015: 11014: 11004: 10999: 10997:Pulp and paper 10994: 10989: 10988: 10987: 10985:Iron and Steel 10982: 10972: 10971: 10970: 10965: 10960: 10955: 10945: 10940: 10935: 10930: 10925: 10920: 10915: 10914: 10913: 10908: 10903: 10898: 10893: 10883: 10878: 10873: 10868: 10863: 10858: 10857: 10856: 10851: 10840: 10838: 10834: 10833: 10831: 10830: 10825: 10820: 10815: 10810: 10805: 10800: 10795: 10790: 10785: 10780: 10778:Madhya Pradesh 10775: 10770: 10765: 10760: 10755: 10750: 10745: 10740: 10735: 10730: 10725: 10720: 10715: 10713:Andhra Pradesh 10709: 10707: 10703: 10702: 10700: 10699: 10698: 10697: 10692: 10687: 10677: 10672: 10671: 10670: 10660: 10655: 10649: 10647: 10643: 10642: 10640: 10639: 10634: 10629: 10624: 10619: 10617:Liberalisation 10614: 10609: 10603: 10601: 10595: 10594: 10592: 10591: 10590: 10589: 10584: 10574: 10569: 10564: 10559: 10553: 10551: 10547: 10546: 10544: 10543: 10538: 10537: 10536: 10531: 10521: 10520: 10519: 10514: 10509: 10504: 10499: 10494: 10483: 10481: 10477: 10476: 10474: 10473: 10468: 10463: 10458: 10453: 10448: 10443: 10438: 10433: 10428: 10423: 10418: 10413: 10408: 10403: 10398: 10393: 10388: 10383: 10382: 10381: 10370: 10368: 10364: 10363: 10361: 10360: 10355: 10349: 10347: 10341: 10340: 10326: 10325: 10318: 10311: 10303: 10294: 10293: 10290: 10289: 10286: 10285: 10283: 10282: 10281: 10280: 10270: 10269: 10268: 10258: 10253: 10248: 10243: 10238: 10233: 10232: 10231: 10221: 10216: 10211: 10206: 10201: 10196: 10195: 10194: 10184: 10183: 10182: 10172: 10167: 10162: 10157: 10151: 10149: 10143: 10142: 10140: 10139: 10134: 10129: 10124: 10119: 10114: 10109: 10104: 10099: 10094: 10089: 10084: 10079: 10074: 10069: 10068: 10067: 10062: 10057: 10052: 10042: 10041: 10040: 10030: 10025: 10020: 10014: 10012: 10004: 10003: 10000: 9999: 9992: 9984: 9983: 9980: 9979: 9976: 9975: 9973: 9972: 9967: 9962: 9957: 9952: 9947: 9945:Income Tax Act 9942: 9937: 9932: 9927: 9922: 9921: 9920: 9909: 9907: 9903: 9902: 9900: 9899: 9894: 9889: 9884: 9878: 9876: 9872: 9871: 9869: 9868: 9867: 9866: 9861: 9856: 9851: 9846: 9841: 9836: 9835: 9834: 9819: 9814: 9809: 9804: 9799: 9798: 9797: 9787: 9782: 9780:Pulp and paper 9777: 9772: 9771: 9770: 9768:Iron and Steel 9765: 9755: 9754: 9753: 9748: 9743: 9738: 9728: 9723: 9722: 9721: 9711: 9706: 9701: 9696: 9691: 9690: 9689: 9688: 9687: 9682: 9677: 9672: 9657: 9652: 9647: 9642: 9637: 9632: 9631: 9630: 9625: 9614: 9612: 9608: 9607: 9605: 9604: 9599: 9594: 9589: 9584: 9579: 9574: 9569: 9564: 9559: 9554: 9552:Madhya Pradesh 9549: 9544: 9539: 9534: 9529: 9524: 9519: 9514: 9509: 9504: 9499: 9494: 9489: 9487:Andhra Pradesh 9483: 9481: 9477: 9476: 9474: 9473: 9472: 9471: 9466: 9461: 9451: 9446: 9445: 9444: 9434: 9429: 9423: 9421: 9417: 9416: 9414: 9413: 9408: 9403: 9398: 9393: 9391:Liberalisation 9388: 9383: 9377: 9375: 9369: 9368: 9366: 9365: 9364: 9363: 9358: 9348: 9343: 9338: 9333: 9327: 9325: 9321: 9320: 9318: 9317: 9312: 9311: 9310: 9305: 9295: 9294: 9293: 9288: 9283: 9278: 9273: 9268: 9257: 9255: 9251: 9250: 9248: 9247: 9242: 9237: 9232: 9227: 9222: 9217: 9212: 9207: 9202: 9197: 9192: 9187: 9182: 9177: 9172: 9167: 9162: 9157: 9156: 9155: 9144: 9142: 9138: 9137: 9135: 9134: 9129: 9123: 9121: 9111: 9110: 9098: 9097: 9094: 9093: 9090: 9089: 9087: 9086: 9081: 9076: 9071: 9066: 9061: 9056: 9051: 9046: 9041: 9036: 9030: 9028: 9022: 9021: 9019: 9018: 9013: 9008: 9002: 9000: 8994: 8993: 8990: 8989: 8986: 8985: 8983: 8982: 8977: 8972: 8967: 8962: 8957: 8952: 8947: 8942: 8936: 8934: 8928: 8927: 8925: 8924: 8919: 8914: 8909: 8904: 8899: 8894: 8889: 8883: 8881: 8874: 8868: 8867: 8865: 8864: 8859: 8854: 8849: 8844: 8843: 8842: 8832: 8827: 8822: 8816: 8810: 8804: 8803: 8801: 8800: 8795: 8790: 8785: 8784: 8783: 8778: 8768: 8763: 8761:Civil Services 8758: 8753: 8751:Prime Minister 8748: 8746:Vice President 8743: 8738: 8737: 8736: 8731: 8721: 8716: 8711: 8705: 8703: 8693: 8692: 8680: 8679: 8676: 8675: 8672: 8671: 8669: 8668: 8663: 8658: 8653: 8648: 8642:Nature worship 8639: 8634: 8628: 8626: 8622: 8621: 8619: 8618: 8613: 8611:Municipalities 8608: 8603: 8598: 8593: 8588: 8582: 8580: 8574: 8573: 8571: 8570: 8565: 8564: 8563: 8558: 8548: 8543: 8542: 8541: 8531: 8526: 8520: 8518: 8512: 8511: 8509: 8508: 8503: 8498: 8493: 8488: 8487: 8486: 8481: 8476: 8468: 8463: 8458: 8453: 8448: 8443: 8438: 8436:Extreme points 8433: 8428: 8423: 8418: 8413: 8407: 8405: 8401: 8400: 8398: 8397: 8392: 8387: 8382: 8380:National parks 8377: 8372: 8367: 8362: 8357: 8352: 8347: 8342: 8340:Climate change 8337: 8332: 8327: 8321: 8319: 8313: 8312: 8310: 8309: 8304: 8299: 8294: 8289: 8283: 8281: 8277: 8276: 8274: 8273: 8268: 8263: 8257: 8255: 8245: 8244: 8232: 8231: 8228: 8227: 8224: 8223: 8221: 8220: 8215: 8210: 8205: 8199: 8197: 8193: 8192: 8190: 8189: 8184: 8179: 8174: 8172:Smiling Buddha 8169: 8164: 8159: 8154: 8149: 8144: 8139: 8134: 8128: 8126: 8122: 8121: 8119: 8118: 8113: 8108: 8103: 8098: 8093: 8088: 8083: 8078: 8077: 8076: 8066: 8061: 8056: 8051: 8049:1857 rebellion 8046: 8041: 8036: 8034:Princely state 8031: 8025: 8023: 8017: 8016: 8014: 8013: 8008: 8006:European trade 8003: 7998: 7992: 7990: 7984: 7983: 7981: 7980: 7975: 7970: 7965: 7960: 7955: 7953:Medieval India 7949: 7947: 7941: 7940: 7938: 7937: 7932: 7926: 7924: 7920: 7919: 7917: 7916: 7911: 7906: 7901: 7896: 7891: 7889:Yavana Kingdom 7886: 7881: 7876: 7871: 7866: 7860: 7858: 7852: 7851: 7849: 7848: 7843: 7838: 7836:Paper currency 7833: 7828: 7823: 7818: 7813: 7808: 7803: 7798: 7793: 7788: 7782: 7781: 7776: 7770: 7768: 7760: 7759: 7747: 7746: 7741: 7740: 7733: 7726: 7718: 7712: 7709: 7708: 7699: 7698: 7677: 7670: 7664: 7659: 7654: 7646: 7636: 7635:External links 7633: 7632: 7631: 7623: 7618: 7603: 7593: 7582: 7572: 7566: 7555: 7545: 7534: 7519: 7512: 7505: 7495: 7485: 7480:Brown, Trent. 7478: 7467: 7457: 7450: 7444: 7437: 7421: 7418: 7415: 7414: 7373: 7334: 7315: 7285: 7255: 7225: 7195: 7165: 7134: 7112: 7101:on 11 May 2010 7086: 7067: 7048: 7023: 6996: 6979: 6958: 6949:|journal= 6904: 6895: 6886: 6877: 6852: 6829: 6813: 6794: 6774: 6742: 6716: 6701: 6680: 6649: 6622: 6607:. World Bank. 6593: 6576: 6532: 6496: 6477: 6451: 6434: 6423:on 22 May 2011 6408: 6389: 6370: 6361: 6342: 6322: 6303: 6283: 6237: 6218: 6198: 6171: 6145: 6134:(6): 340–342. 6113: 6102: 6070: 6044: 6018: 6007:on 10 May 2017 5986: 5966: 5946: 5905: 5886: 5867: 5852: 5826: 5800: 5778: 5753: 5734: 5703: 5677: 5651: 5642: 5616: 5592: 5562: 5532: 5499: 5481: 5455: 5425: 5399: 5380: 5350: 5331: 5312: 5292: 5274: 5243: 5227: 5204: 5200:Times of India 5188: 5165: 5139: 5099: 5090: 5081: 5074: 5050: 5043: 5025: 5007: 5000: 4982: 4956: 4930: 4923: 4903: 4871: 4845: 4816: 4807: 4792: 4773:(1–2): 3–12 . 4757: 4748: 4739: 4706: 4672:(2): 115–129. 4649: 4613: 4595:(4): 497–520. 4572: 4546: 4504: 4473: 4440: 4413: 4383: 4365: 4334: 4305: 4279: 4261: 4229: 4203: 4186: 4175:on 22 May 2011 4157: 4128: 4097: 4065: 4036: 4002: 3968: 3940: 3907: 3890: 3874: 3851: 3835: 3809: 3783: 3755: 3729: 3703: 3683: 3657: 3631: 3600: 3599: 3597: 3594: 3593: 3592: 3579: 3576: 3574: 3573: 3568: 3563: 3558: 3553: 3548: 3543: 3538: 3533: 3528: 3523: 3518: 3513: 3508: 3503: 3498: 3493: 3488: 3483: 3478: 3473: 3467: 3466: 3465: 3451: 3435: 3432: 3431: 3430: 3427: 3420: 3418: 3415: 3408: 3406: 3362: 3355: 3351: 3348: 3347: 3346: 3340: 3334: 3328: 3322: 3317: 3312: 3307: 3302: 3296: 3290: 3285: 3263: 3260: 3240: 3237: 3224: 3221: 3159: 3152: 3151: 3150: 3142: 3135: 3134: 3133: 3132: 3131: 3129: 3126: 3117: 3109: 3107: 3106:Climate change 3104: 3088: 3085: 3080: 3077: 3060:Main article: 3057: 3054: 3053: 3052: 3045: 3034: 3031: 3028: 3004: 2997: 2966: 2965: 2962: 2959: 2956: 2952: 2951: 2948: 2945: 2942: 2938: 2937: 2934: 2931: 2928: 2924: 2923: 2920: 2917: 2914: 2910: 2909: 2906: 2903: 2900: 2896: 2895: 2892: 2889: 2886: 2883: 2882: 2879: 2876: 2873: 2837: 2834: 2820: 2819:Infrastructure 2817: 2798: 2787: 2735: 2732: 2724: 2721: 2704: 2703:Dairy industry 2701: 2695: 2692: 2683:Congress party 2661: 2660:Sugar industry 2658: 2633: 2630: 2596: 2593: 2580: 2579: 2576: 2573: 2570: 2567: 2563: 2562: 2559: 2556: 2553: 2550: 2536: 2535: 2532: 2529: 2526: 2523: 2509: 2508: 2505: 2502: 2499: 2496: 2482: 2481: 2478: 2475: 2472: 2469: 2455: 2454: 2449: 2444: 2439: 2434: 2416: 2413: 2400: 2399: 2386: 2380: 2377: 2364: 2358: 2355: 2350: 2345: 2340: 2335: 2332: 2329: 2323: 2318: 2312: 2303: 2298: 2293: 2287: 2282: 2279: 2274: 2268: 2263: 2262: 2259: 2242: 2232: 2229: 2224: 2218: 2213: 2208: 2203: 2200: 2197: 2194: 2185: 2180: 2175: 2170: 2165: 2162: 2157: 2152: 2147: 2141: 2140:, whole, fresh 2135: 2132: 2128: 2119: 2116: 2113: 2112: 2109: 2106: 2103: 2100: 2097: 2094: 2090: 2089: 2086: 2083: 2080: 2077: 2074: 2071: 2067: 2066: 2063: 2060: 2057: 2054: 2051: 2048: 2044: 2043: 2040: 2037: 2034: 2031: 2028: 2025: 2021: 2020: 2017: 2014: 2011: 2008: 2005: 2002: 1998: 1997: 1994: 1991: 1988: 1985: 1982: 1979: 1975: 1974: 1971: 1968: 1965: 1962: 1959: 1956: 1952: 1951: 1948: 1945: 1942: 1939: 1936: 1933: 1922: 1921: 1918: 1915: 1912: 1909: 1905: 1904: 1901: 1898: 1895: 1892: 1888: 1887: 1884: 1881: 1878: 1875: 1871: 1870: 1867: 1864: 1861: 1858: 1854: 1853: 1850: 1847: 1844: 1841: 1837: 1836: 1833: 1830: 1827: 1824: 1820: 1819: 1816: 1813: 1810: 1807: 1803: 1802: 1799: 1796: 1793: 1790: 1775: 1774: 1771: 1767: 1766: 1763: 1759: 1758: 1755: 1751: 1750: 1747: 1743: 1742: 1739: 1735: 1734: 1731: 1727: 1726: 1723: 1719: 1718: 1715: 1711: 1710: 1707: 1703: 1702: 1699: 1695: 1694: 1691: 1687: 1686: 1683: 1679: 1678: 1675: 1671: 1670: 1667: 1663: 1662: 1659: 1655: 1654: 1651: 1647: 1646: 1643: 1639: 1638: 1635: 1631: 1630: 1627: 1623: 1622: 1619: 1615: 1614: 1611: 1607: 1606: 1603: 1599: 1598: 1595: 1591: 1590: 1587: 1583: 1582: 1579: 1578:Coffee, green 1575: 1574: 1571: 1567: 1566: 1563: 1559: 1558: 1555: 1551: 1550: 1547: 1543: 1542: 1539: 1535: 1534: 1531: 1527: 1526: 1523: 1519: 1518: 1515: 1511: 1510: 1507: 1503: 1502: 1499: 1495: 1494: 1491: 1487: 1486: 1480: 1459: 1458: 1455: 1452: 1449: 1446: 1445:$ 4.05 billion 1443: 1438: 1434: 1433: 1428: 1425: 1422: 1419: 1418:$ 4.33 billion 1416: 1413: 1409: 1408: 1405: 1402: 1399: 1396: 1395:$ 4.64 billion 1393: 1390: 1386: 1385: 1380: 1377: 1374: 1371: 1370:$ 5.13 billion 1368: 1363: 1359: 1358: 1355: 1352: 1349: 1346: 1345:$ 5.25 billion 1343: 1338: 1334: 1333: 1330: 1327: 1324: 1321: 1320:$ 5.40 billion 1318: 1313: 1309: 1308: 1305: 1302: 1299: 1296: 1295:$ 5.50 billion 1293: 1288: 1284: 1283: 1281: 1279: 1277: 1275: 1272: 1269: 1265: 1264: 1259: 1256: 1253: 1250: 1249:$ 5.81 billion 1247: 1244: 1240: 1239: 1234: 1231: 1228: 1225: 1224:$ 7.44 billion 1222: 1217: 1213: 1212: 1207: 1204: 1201: 1198: 1197:$ 8.13 billion 1195: 1190: 1186: 1185: 1184:United States 1182: 1179: 1176: 1173: 1172:$ 8.23 billion 1170: 1165: 1161: 1160: 1155: 1152: 1149: 1146: 1145:$ 9.32 billion 1143: 1140: 1136: 1135: 1134:United States 1132: 1129: 1126: 1123: 1120: 1117: 1113: 1112: 1107: 1104: 1101: 1098: 1095: 1086: 1082: 1081: 1078: 1075: 1072: 1069: 1066: 1065:(Lint + Seeds) 1060: 1056: 1055: 1050: 1047: 1044: 1041: 1038: 1033: 1029: 1028: 1025: 1022: 1019: 1016: 1013: 1008: 1004: 1003: 1000: 997: 994: 991: 988: 983: 979: 978: 975: 972: 969: 966: 963: 958: 954: 953: 948: 943: 938: 935: 932: 918: 915: 909: 906: 875:Main article: 872: 869: 843:MS Swaminathan 729: 726: 722:Caribbean wars 621:Triticum durum 561:Main article: 557: 556: 471: 469: 462: 456: 453: 446:Madhya Pradesh 434:Southern India 229: 228: 219: 218: 210: 209: 208: 199: 198: 190: 189: 188: 187: 186: 184: 181: 151: 148: 97:European Union 89:Southeast Asia 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 12850: 12839: 12836: 12835: 12833: 12812: 12809: 12807: 12804: 12802: 12799: 12798: 12796: 12792: 12784: 12780: 12777: 12775: 12772: 12770: 12767: 12766: 12765: 12762: 12761: 12759: 12755: 12749: 12746: 12744: 12741: 12739: 12736: 12735: 12733: 12729: 12723: 12720: 12718: 12715: 12713: 12710: 12708: 12705: 12704: 12702: 12698: 12690: 12687: 12685: 12682: 12680: 12677: 12676: 12675: 12672: 12670: 12667: 12666: 12664: 12660: 12654: 12651: 12649: 12646: 12644: 12641: 12639: 12636: 12634: 12631: 12629: 12626: 12625: 12623: 12619: 12609: 12606: 12605: 12603: 12601: 12597: 12591: 12588: 12586: 12583: 12581: 12578: 12576: 12573: 12571: 12568: 12566: 12563: 12562: 12560: 12558: 12554: 12548: 12545: 12543: 12540: 12538: 12535: 12533: 12530: 12528: 12525: 12523: 12520: 12518: 12515: 12513: 12510: 12508: 12505: 12503: 12500: 12499: 12497: 12493: 12487: 12484: 12482: 12479: 12477: 12474: 12473: 12471: 12467: 12461: 12460:Krishi Bhavan 12458: 12456: 12453: 12451: 12448: 12446: 12443: 12442: 12440: 12436: 12430: 12427: 12425: 12422: 12420: 12417: 12415: 12412: 12410: 12407: 12405: 12402: 12399: 12395: 12392: 12390: 12387: 12386: 12384: 12380: 12376: 12369: 12364: 12362: 12357: 12355: 12350: 12349: 12346: 12334: 12331: 12329: 12326: 12324: 12323:Superstitions 12321: 12319: 12316: 12314: 12311: 12307: 12304: 12302: 12301:Homosexuality 12299: 12298: 12297: 12294: 12292: 12289: 12287: 12284: 12282: 12279: 12277: 12274: 12273: 12271: 12267: 12261: 12258: 12256: 12253: 12251: 12248: 12246: 12243: 12239: 12236: 12235: 12234: 12231: 12230: 12228: 12226: 12222: 12216: 12213: 12211: 12208: 12206: 12203: 12201: 12198: 12196: 12193: 12191: 12188: 12186: 12183: 12181: 12178: 12177: 12175: 12173: 12169: 12163: 12160: 12158: 12155: 12153: 12150: 12148: 12145: 12143: 12140: 12138: 12135: 12133: 12130: 12128: 12125: 12123: 12120: 12118: 12115: 12114: 12112: 12110: 12106: 12100: 12097: 12095: 12092: 12090: 12087: 12085: 12082: 12080: 12077: 12076: 12074: 12072: 12068: 12062: 12059: 12057: 12054: 12052: 12049: 12047: 12044: 12043: 12041: 12039: 12035: 12029: 12026: 12024: 12021: 12019: 12016: 12014: 12011: 12009: 12006: 12004: 12001: 11999: 11996: 11994: 11991: 11989: 11986: 11984: 11981: 11979: 11978:Bride burning 11976: 11974: 11971: 11970: 11968: 11966: 11962: 11956: 11953: 11951: 11948: 11946: 11943: 11941: 11938: 11936: 11933: 11931: 11928: 11926: 11923: 11921: 11918: 11917: 11915: 11911: 11905: 11902: 11900: 11897: 11895: 11892: 11890: 11887: 11885: 11882: 11880: 11877: 11875: 11872: 11870: 11867: 11865: 11862: 11861: 11859: 11855: 11849: 11846: 11844: 11841: 11839: 11836: 11834: 11831: 11829: 11826: 11824: 11821: 11820: 11818: 11816: 11812: 11806: 11803: 11801: 11798: 11797: 11795: 11793: 11789: 11783: 11780: 11778: 11775: 11773: 11770: 11768: 11765: 11763: 11760: 11758: 11755: 11753: 11750: 11746: 11743: 11742: 11741: 11738: 11736: 11733: 11731: 11728: 11724: 11721: 11720: 11719: 11716: 11714: 11711: 11709: 11706: 11704: 11701: 11699: 11696: 11694: 11691: 11689: 11686: 11684: 11681: 11680: 11678: 11676: 11672: 11668: 11661: 11656: 11654: 11649: 11647: 11642: 11641: 11638: 11626: 11622: 11618: 11616: 11608: 11607: 11604: 11598: 11595: 11593: 11590: 11588: 11585: 11583: 11580: 11578: 11575: 11574: 11572: 11567: 11563: 11557: 11554: 11552: 11551:South Ossetia 11549: 11547: 11544: 11542: 11539: 11537: 11534: 11533: 11531: 11529: 11523: 11517: 11514: 11512: 11509: 11507: 11504: 11502: 11499: 11497: 11494: 11492: 11489: 11487: 11484: 11482: 11479: 11477: 11474: 11472: 11469: 11467: 11464: 11462: 11459: 11457: 11454: 11452: 11449: 11447: 11444: 11442: 11439: 11437: 11434: 11432: 11429: 11427: 11424: 11422: 11419: 11417: 11414: 11412: 11409: 11407: 11404: 11402: 11399: 11397: 11394: 11392: 11389: 11387: 11384: 11382: 11379: 11377: 11374: 11372: 11369: 11367: 11364: 11362: 11359: 11357: 11354: 11352: 11349: 11347: 11344: 11342: 11339: 11337: 11334: 11332: 11329: 11327: 11324: 11322: 11319: 11317: 11314: 11312: 11309: 11307: 11304: 11302: 11299: 11297: 11294: 11292: 11289: 11287: 11284: 11282: 11279: 11277: 11274: 11273: 11271: 11269: 11265: 11256: 11251: 11249: 11244: 11242: 11237: 11236: 11233: 11221: 11213: 11211: 11203: 11201: 11193: 11192: 11189: 11183: 11180: 11178: 11175: 11173: 11172:Insurance Act 11170: 11168: 11165: 11163: 11162:Companies Act 11160: 11158: 11155: 11153: 11150: 11148: 11145: 11143: 11140: 11138: 11135: 11131: 11128: 11127: 11126: 11123: 11122: 11120: 11116: 11110: 11107: 11105: 11102: 11100: 11097: 11095: 11092: 11091: 11089: 11085: 11079: 11076: 11074: 11071: 11067: 11064: 11062: 11059: 11057: 11054: 11050: 11047: 11046: 11045: 11042: 11041: 11040: 11037: 11035: 11032: 11030: 11027: 11025: 11022: 11020: 11017: 11013: 11012:Biotechnology 11010: 11009: 11008: 11005: 11003: 11000: 10998: 10995: 10993: 10990: 10986: 10983: 10981: 10978: 10977: 10976: 10973: 10969: 10966: 10964: 10961: 10959: 10956: 10954: 10951: 10950: 10949: 10946: 10944: 10941: 10939: 10936: 10934: 10931: 10929: 10926: 10924: 10923:Entertainment 10921: 10919: 10916: 10912: 10909: 10907: 10904: 10902: 10899: 10897: 10894: 10892: 10889: 10888: 10887: 10884: 10882: 10879: 10877: 10874: 10872: 10869: 10867: 10864: 10862: 10859: 10855: 10852: 10850: 10847: 10846: 10845: 10842: 10841: 10839: 10835: 10829: 10826: 10824: 10823:Uttar Pradesh 10821: 10819: 10816: 10814: 10811: 10809: 10806: 10804: 10801: 10799: 10796: 10794: 10791: 10789: 10786: 10784: 10781: 10779: 10776: 10774: 10771: 10769: 10766: 10764: 10761: 10759: 10756: 10754: 10751: 10749: 10746: 10744: 10741: 10739: 10736: 10734: 10731: 10729: 10726: 10724: 10721: 10719: 10716: 10714: 10711: 10710: 10708: 10704: 10696: 10693: 10691: 10688: 10686: 10683: 10682: 10681: 10678: 10676: 10673: 10669: 10666: 10665: 10664: 10661: 10659: 10656: 10654: 10651: 10650: 10648: 10644: 10638: 10635: 10633: 10630: 10628: 10625: 10623: 10620: 10618: 10615: 10613: 10610: 10608: 10605: 10604: 10602: 10600: 10596: 10588: 10585: 10583: 10580: 10579: 10578: 10575: 10573: 10570: 10568: 10565: 10563: 10560: 10558: 10555: 10554: 10552: 10548: 10542: 10539: 10535: 10532: 10530: 10527: 10526: 10525: 10522: 10518: 10515: 10513: 10510: 10508: 10507:Digital rupee 10505: 10503: 10500: 10498: 10495: 10493: 10490: 10489: 10488: 10485: 10484: 10482: 10478: 10472: 10469: 10467: 10466:Make in India 10464: 10462: 10459: 10457: 10454: 10452: 10449: 10447: 10444: 10442: 10439: 10437: 10434: 10432: 10429: 10427: 10424: 10422: 10421:Foreign trade 10419: 10417: 10416:External debt 10414: 10412: 10409: 10407: 10404: 10402: 10399: 10397: 10394: 10392: 10389: 10387: 10384: 10380: 10377: 10376: 10375: 10372: 10371: 10369: 10365: 10359: 10356: 10354: 10351: 10350: 10348: 10346: 10342: 10338: 10333: 10324: 10319: 10317: 10312: 10310: 10305: 10304: 10301: 10279: 10276: 10275: 10274: 10271: 10267: 10264: 10263: 10262: 10259: 10257: 10254: 10252: 10249: 10247: 10244: 10242: 10239: 10237: 10234: 10230: 10227: 10226: 10225: 10222: 10220: 10217: 10215: 10212: 10210: 10207: 10205: 10202: 10200: 10197: 10193: 10190: 10189: 10188: 10185: 10181: 10178: 10177: 10176: 10173: 10171: 10168: 10166: 10163: 10161: 10158: 10156: 10153: 10152: 10150: 10148: 10144: 10138: 10135: 10133: 10130: 10128: 10125: 10123: 10120: 10118: 10115: 10113: 10110: 10108: 10105: 10103: 10100: 10098: 10095: 10093: 10090: 10088: 10085: 10083: 10080: 10078: 10075: 10073: 10070: 10066: 10063: 10061: 10058: 10056: 10053: 10051: 10048: 10047: 10046: 10043: 10039: 10036: 10035: 10034: 10031: 10029: 10026: 10024: 10021: 10019: 10016: 10015: 10013: 10009: 10005: 9998: 9994: 9993: 9989: 9985: 9971: 9968: 9966: 9963: 9961: 9960:Insurance Act 9958: 9956: 9953: 9951: 9950:Companies Act 9948: 9946: 9943: 9941: 9938: 9936: 9933: 9931: 9928: 9926: 9923: 9919: 9916: 9915: 9914: 9911: 9910: 9908: 9904: 9898: 9895: 9893: 9890: 9888: 9885: 9883: 9880: 9879: 9877: 9873: 9865: 9862: 9860: 9857: 9855: 9852: 9850: 9847: 9845: 9842: 9840: 9837: 9833: 9830: 9829: 9828: 9825: 9824: 9823: 9820: 9818: 9815: 9813: 9810: 9808: 9805: 9803: 9800: 9796: 9795:Biotechnology 9793: 9792: 9791: 9788: 9786: 9783: 9781: 9778: 9776: 9773: 9769: 9766: 9764: 9761: 9760: 9759: 9756: 9752: 9749: 9747: 9744: 9742: 9739: 9737: 9734: 9733: 9732: 9729: 9727: 9724: 9720: 9717: 9716: 9715: 9712: 9710: 9707: 9705: 9702: 9700: 9699:Entertainment 9697: 9695: 9692: 9686: 9683: 9681: 9678: 9676: 9673: 9671: 9668: 9667: 9666: 9663: 9662: 9661: 9658: 9656: 9653: 9651: 9648: 9646: 9643: 9641: 9638: 9636: 9633: 9629: 9626: 9624: 9621: 9620: 9619: 9616: 9615: 9613: 9609: 9603: 9600: 9598: 9597:Uttar Pradesh 9595: 9593: 9590: 9588: 9585: 9583: 9580: 9578: 9575: 9573: 9570: 9568: 9565: 9563: 9560: 9558: 9555: 9553: 9550: 9548: 9545: 9543: 9540: 9538: 9535: 9533: 9530: 9528: 9525: 9523: 9520: 9518: 9515: 9513: 9510: 9508: 9505: 9503: 9500: 9498: 9495: 9493: 9490: 9488: 9485: 9484: 9482: 9478: 9470: 9467: 9465: 9462: 9460: 9457: 9456: 9455: 9452: 9450: 9447: 9443: 9440: 9439: 9438: 9435: 9433: 9430: 9428: 9425: 9424: 9422: 9418: 9412: 9409: 9407: 9404: 9402: 9399: 9397: 9394: 9392: 9389: 9387: 9384: 9382: 9379: 9378: 9376: 9374: 9370: 9362: 9359: 9357: 9354: 9353: 9352: 9349: 9347: 9344: 9342: 9339: 9337: 9334: 9332: 9329: 9328: 9326: 9322: 9316: 9313: 9309: 9306: 9304: 9301: 9300: 9299: 9296: 9292: 9289: 9287: 9284: 9282: 9281:Digital rupee 9279: 9277: 9274: 9272: 9269: 9267: 9264: 9263: 9262: 9259: 9258: 9256: 9252: 9246: 9243: 9241: 9240:Make in India 9238: 9236: 9233: 9231: 9228: 9226: 9223: 9221: 9218: 9216: 9213: 9211: 9208: 9206: 9203: 9201: 9198: 9196: 9195:Foreign trade 9193: 9191: 9190:External debt 9188: 9186: 9183: 9181: 9178: 9176: 9173: 9171: 9168: 9166: 9163: 9161: 9158: 9154: 9151: 9150: 9149: 9146: 9145: 9143: 9139: 9133: 9130: 9128: 9125: 9124: 9122: 9120: 9116: 9112: 9108: 9103: 9099: 9085: 9082: 9080: 9077: 9075: 9072: 9070: 9067: 9065: 9062: 9060: 9057: 9055: 9052: 9050: 9047: 9045: 9042: 9040: 9037: 9035: 9032: 9031: 9029: 9027: 9023: 9017: 9014: 9012: 9009: 9007: 9004: 9003: 9001: 8999: 8995: 8981: 8978: 8976: 8973: 8971: 8968: 8966: 8963: 8961: 8958: 8956: 8953: 8951: 8948: 8946: 8943: 8941: 8938: 8937: 8935: 8933: 8929: 8923: 8920: 8918: 8915: 8913: 8910: 8908: 8905: 8903: 8900: 8898: 8895: 8893: 8890: 8888: 8885: 8884: 8882: 8878: 8875: 8873: 8869: 8863: 8860: 8858: 8855: 8853: 8852:Chief Justice 8850: 8848: 8847:Supreme Court 8845: 8841: 8838: 8837: 8836: 8833: 8831: 8828: 8826: 8823: 8821: 8818: 8817: 8814: 8811: 8809: 8805: 8799: 8796: 8794: 8791: 8789: 8786: 8782: 8779: 8777: 8774: 8773: 8772: 8769: 8767: 8764: 8762: 8759: 8757: 8754: 8752: 8749: 8747: 8744: 8742: 8739: 8735: 8732: 8730: 8727: 8726: 8725: 8722: 8720: 8717: 8715: 8714:Energy policy 8712: 8710: 8707: 8706: 8704: 8702: 8698: 8694: 8690: 8685: 8681: 8667: 8664: 8662: 8659: 8657: 8654: 8652: 8649: 8647: 8643: 8640: 8638: 8635: 8633: 8630: 8629: 8627: 8623: 8617: 8614: 8612: 8609: 8607: 8604: 8602: 8599: 8597: 8594: 8592: 8589: 8587: 8584: 8583: 8581: 8579: 8575: 8569: 8566: 8562: 8559: 8557: 8554: 8553: 8552: 8549: 8547: 8544: 8540: 8537: 8536: 8535: 8532: 8530: 8527: 8525: 8522: 8521: 8519: 8517: 8513: 8507: 8504: 8502: 8499: 8497: 8494: 8492: 8489: 8485: 8482: 8480: 8477: 8475: 8474:Indo-Gangetic 8472: 8471: 8469: 8467: 8464: 8462: 8459: 8457: 8454: 8452: 8449: 8447: 8444: 8442: 8439: 8437: 8434: 8432: 8429: 8427: 8424: 8422: 8419: 8417: 8414: 8412: 8409: 8408: 8406: 8402: 8396: 8393: 8391: 8388: 8386: 8383: 8381: 8378: 8376: 8373: 8371: 8368: 8366: 8363: 8361: 8358: 8356: 8353: 8351: 8348: 8346: 8343: 8341: 8338: 8336: 8333: 8331: 8328: 8326: 8323: 8322: 8320: 8318: 8314: 8308: 8305: 8303: 8300: 8298: 8295: 8293: 8290: 8288: 8285: 8284: 8282: 8278: 8272: 8269: 8267: 8264: 8262: 8259: 8258: 8256: 8254: 8250: 8246: 8242: 8237: 8233: 8219: 8216: 8214: 8211: 8209: 8206: 8204: 8201: 8200: 8198: 8194: 8188: 8185: 8183: 8182:The Emergency 8180: 8178: 8175: 8173: 8170: 8168: 8165: 8163: 8160: 8158: 8155: 8153: 8150: 8148: 8145: 8143: 8140: 8138: 8135: 8133: 8130: 8129: 8127: 8123: 8117: 8114: 8112: 8109: 8107: 8104: 8102: 8099: 8097: 8094: 8092: 8089: 8087: 8084: 8082: 8079: 8075: 8072: 8071: 8070: 8067: 8065: 8062: 8060: 8057: 8055: 8052: 8050: 8047: 8045: 8042: 8040: 8037: 8035: 8032: 8030: 8027: 8026: 8024: 8022: 8018: 8012: 8009: 8007: 8004: 8002: 7999: 7997: 7994: 7993: 7991: 7989: 7985: 7979: 7976: 7974: 7971: 7969: 7966: 7964: 7961: 7959: 7956: 7954: 7951: 7950: 7948: 7946: 7942: 7936: 7933: 7931: 7928: 7927: 7925: 7921: 7915: 7912: 7910: 7907: 7905: 7904:Kushan Empire 7902: 7900: 7897: 7895: 7892: 7890: 7887: 7885: 7882: 7880: 7879:Mahajanapadas 7877: 7875: 7872: 7870: 7867: 7865: 7862: 7861: 7859: 7857: 7853: 7847: 7844: 7842: 7839: 7837: 7834: 7832: 7829: 7827: 7824: 7822: 7819: 7817: 7814: 7812: 7809: 7807: 7804: 7802: 7799: 7797: 7794: 7792: 7789: 7787: 7784: 7783: 7780: 7777: 7775: 7772: 7771: 7769: 7765: 7761: 7757: 7752: 7748: 7739: 7734: 7732: 7727: 7725: 7720: 7719: 7716: 7710: 7703: 7687: 7683: 7678: 7674: 7671: 7668: 7665: 7663: 7660: 7658: 7655: 7653: 7651: 7647: 7645: 7643: 7639: 7638: 7630: 7628: 7624: 7621: 7615: 7611: 7610: 7604: 7601: 7598: 7594: 7591: 7587: 7583: 7581: 7577: 7573: 7571: 7567: 7564: 7560: 7556: 7554: 7551:, 8#3 (2020) 7550: 7546: 7543: 7539: 7535: 7532: 7528: 7524: 7520: 7517: 7513: 7510: 7506: 7504: 7500: 7496: 7494: 7490: 7486: 7483: 7479: 7476: 7472: 7468: 7466: 7462: 7458: 7455: 7451: 7449: 7445: 7442: 7438: 7435: 7431: 7427: 7424: 7423: 7410: 7406: 7401: 7396: 7392: 7388: 7384: 7377: 7361: 7357: 7353: 7349: 7345: 7338: 7331: 7327: 7324: 7319: 7303: 7299: 7295: 7289: 7273: 7269: 7265: 7259: 7243: 7239: 7238:nifa.usda.gov 7235: 7229: 7213: 7209: 7205: 7199: 7183: 7179: 7175: 7169: 7154: 7150: 7149: 7144: 7138: 7131: 7128: 7124: 7121: 7116: 7100: 7096: 7090: 7083: 7079: 7076: 7071: 7064: 7060: 7057: 7052: 7037: 7033: 7027: 7011: 7007: 7000: 6994: 6988: 6986: 6984: 6977: 6973: 6970: 6965: 6963: 6954: 6941: 6922: 6915: 6908: 6899: 6890: 6881: 6870: 6863: 6856: 6849: 6845: 6842: 6836: 6834: 6826: 6823: 6817: 6801: 6797: 6795:9781597268936 6791: 6787: 6786: 6778: 6759: 6752: 6746: 6730: 6726: 6720: 6712: 6705: 6694: 6690: 6684: 6668: 6664: 6660: 6653: 6637: 6633: 6626: 6610: 6606: 6600: 6598: 6586: 6580: 6572: 6568: 6564: 6560: 6556: 6552: 6545: 6543: 6541: 6539: 6537: 6529: 6514: 6507: 6500: 6493: 6489: 6486: 6481: 6465: 6461: 6455: 6444: 6438: 6422: 6418: 6412: 6405: 6401: 6398: 6393: 6386: 6382: 6379: 6374: 6365: 6349: 6345: 6343:9781441676580 6339: 6335: 6334: 6326: 6310: 6306: 6300: 6296: 6295: 6287: 6279: 6273: 6254: 6247: 6241: 6225: 6221: 6219:9788178298603 6215: 6211: 6210: 6202: 6186: 6182: 6175: 6159: 6155: 6149: 6141: 6137: 6133: 6129: 6122: 6120: 6118: 6111: 6106: 6087: 6080: 6074: 6058: 6054: 6048: 6032: 6028: 6022: 6003: 5996: 5990: 5983: 5979: 5976: 5970: 5963: 5959: 5956: 5950: 5931: 5924: 5918: 5916: 5914: 5912: 5910: 5902: 5898: 5895: 5890: 5883: 5879: 5876: 5871: 5864: 5859: 5857: 5840: 5836: 5830: 5814: 5810: 5804: 5796: 5792: 5788: 5782: 5771: 5764: 5757: 5751: 5747: 5744: 5738: 5722: 5718: 5712: 5710: 5708: 5691: 5687: 5681: 5665: 5661: 5655: 5646: 5630: 5626: 5620: 5611: 5609: 5607: 5605: 5603: 5601: 5599: 5597: 5580: 5576: 5572: 5566: 5550: 5546: 5542: 5536: 5517: 5510: 5503: 5495: 5491: 5485: 5469: 5465: 5459: 5443: 5439: 5432: 5430: 5413: 5409: 5403: 5396: 5392: 5389: 5384: 5368: 5364: 5362: 5354: 5347: 5343: 5340: 5335: 5328: 5324: 5321: 5316: 5309: 5305: 5302: 5296: 5288: 5284: 5278: 5262: 5258: 5254: 5247: 5240: 5236: 5231: 5224: 5220: 5216: 5213: 5208: 5201: 5197: 5192: 5185: 5181: 5177: 5174: 5169: 5153: 5149: 5143: 5123: 5116: 5112: 5106: 5104: 5094: 5085: 5077: 5071: 5067: 5063: 5062: 5054: 5046: 5040: 5036: 5029: 5021: 5017: 5011: 5003: 4997: 4993: 4986: 4970: 4966: 4960: 4944: 4940: 4934: 4926: 4920: 4916: 4915: 4907: 4888: 4881: 4875: 4859: 4855: 4849: 4833: 4829: 4828: 4820: 4811: 4804: 4799: 4797: 4788: 4784: 4780: 4776: 4772: 4768: 4761: 4752: 4743: 4724: 4717: 4710: 4691: 4687: 4683: 4679: 4675: 4671: 4667: 4660: 4653: 4634: 4630: 4623: 4617: 4598: 4594: 4590: 4583: 4576: 4560: 4556: 4550: 4534: 4530: 4526: 4522: 4518: 4511: 4509: 4492: 4488: 4484: 4477: 4461: 4457: 4453: 4447: 4445: 4428: 4424: 4417: 4401: 4397: 4396:The Economist 4393: 4387: 4379: 4375: 4369: 4353: 4349: 4343: 4341: 4339: 4322: 4318: 4312: 4310: 4293: 4289: 4283: 4275: 4271: 4265: 4246: 4239: 4233: 4217: 4213: 4207: 4199: 4193: 4191: 4174: 4170: 4164: 4162: 4145: 4141: 4135: 4133: 4116: 4112: 4108: 4101: 4082: 4075: 4069: 4053: 4049: 4043: 4041: 4024: 4020: 4019:Smart Eklavya 4016: 4009: 4007: 3990: 3986: 3982: 3975: 3973: 3965: 3961: 3957: 3954: 3949: 3947: 3945: 3928: 3924: 3923: 3918: 3911: 3905: 3901: 3894: 3888: 3884: 3878: 3872: 3868: 3862: 3860: 3858: 3856: 3849: 3845: 3839: 3823: 3819: 3813: 3797: 3793: 3787: 3780: 3776: 3773: 3768: 3766: 3764: 3762: 3760: 3743: 3739: 3733: 3717: 3713: 3707: 3700: 3696: 3693: 3687: 3671: 3667: 3661: 3645: 3641: 3635: 3619: 3615: 3611: 3605: 3601: 3589: 3588: 3582: 3581: 3572: 3569: 3567: 3564: 3562: 3559: 3557: 3554: 3552: 3549: 3547: 3544: 3542: 3539: 3537: 3534: 3532: 3529: 3527: 3524: 3522: 3519: 3517: 3514: 3512: 3509: 3507: 3504: 3502: 3499: 3497: 3494: 3492: 3489: 3487: 3484: 3482: 3479: 3477: 3474: 3472: 3469: 3468: 3463: 3452: 3449: 3438: 3424: 3419: 3412: 3407: 3404: 3401: 3397: 3394: 3390: 3387: 3383: 3380: 3376: 3373: 3369: 3366: 3359: 3354: 3353: 3344: 3341: 3338: 3335: 3332: 3329: 3326: 3323: 3321: 3318: 3316: 3313: 3311: 3308: 3306: 3303: 3300: 3297: 3294: 3291: 3289: 3286: 3284: 3281: 3280: 3277: 3273: 3269: 3259: 3255: 3251: 3248: 3247:Narendra Modi 3243: 3236: 3232: 3229: 3220: 3216: 3214: 3213:Narendra Modi 3209: 3207: 3201: 3199: 3194: 3191: 3189: 3185: 3181: 3176: 3174: 3163: 3156: 3146: 3139: 3121: 3114: 3103: 3100: 3097: 3093: 3084: 3076: 3074: 3069: 3066:In 2012, the 3063: 3050: 3049:Walmart model 3046: 3043: 3039: 3035: 3032: 3029: 3026: 3022: 3017: 3013: 3009: 3005: 3002: 2998: 2994: 2993: 2992: 2989: 2985: 2981: 2979: 2974: 2963: 2960: 2957: 2954: 2953: 2949: 2946: 2943: 2940: 2939: 2935: 2932: 2929: 2926: 2925: 2921: 2918: 2915: 2912: 2911: 2907: 2904: 2901: 2898: 2897: 2893: 2890: 2887: 2885: 2884: 2880: 2877: 2874: 2871: 2870: 2867: 2864: 2860: 2857: 2854: 2852: 2848: 2843: 2833: 2829: 2827: 2816: 2812: 2809: 2797: 2786: 2779: 2774: 2765: 2756: 2748: 2740: 2731: 2729: 2720: 2718: 2709: 2700: 2691: 2688: 2684: 2680: 2675: 2671: 2667: 2657: 2655: 2651: 2643: 2638: 2629: 2627: 2623: 2619: 2615: 2610: 2606: 2602: 2592: 2577: 2574: 2571: 2568: 2565: 2564: 2560: 2557: 2554: 2551: 2549: 2548:United States 2538: 2537: 2533: 2530: 2527: 2524: 2522: 2511: 2510: 2506: 2503: 2500: 2497: 2495: 2484: 2483: 2479: 2476: 2473: 2470: 2468: 2457: 2456: 2450: 2445: 2440: 2435: 2432: 2431: 2425: 2423: 2412: 2409: 2408:Yuan Longping 2404: 2398: 2394: 2390: 2387: 2384: 2381: 2378: 2376: 2372: 2368: 2365: 2362: 2359: 2356: 2354: 2351: 2349: 2346: 2344: 2341: 2339: 2336: 2333: 2330: 2327: 2324: 2322: 2319: 2316: 2313: 2311: 2307: 2304: 2302: 2299: 2297: 2294: 2291: 2288: 2286: 2283: 2280: 2278: 2275: 2273: 2270: 2269: 2267: 2260: 2258: 2254: 2250: 2246: 2243: 2240: 2236: 2233: 2230: 2228: 2225: 2223: 2219: 2217: 2214: 2212: 2209: 2207: 2204: 2201: 2198: 2195: 2193: 2189: 2186: 2184: 2181: 2179: 2176: 2174: 2171: 2169: 2166: 2163: 2161: 2158: 2156: 2153: 2151: 2148: 2145: 2142: 2139: 2136: 2133: 2130: 2129: 2127: 2125: 2110: 2107: 2104: 2101: 2098: 2095: 2092: 2091: 2087: 2084: 2081: 2078: 2075: 2072: 2069: 2068: 2064: 2061: 2058: 2055: 2052: 2049: 2046: 2045: 2041: 2038: 2035: 2032: 2029: 2026: 2023: 2022: 2018: 2015: 2012: 2009: 2006: 2003: 2000: 1999: 1995: 1992: 1989: 1986: 1983: 1980: 1977: 1976: 1972: 1969: 1966: 1963: 1960: 1957: 1954: 1953: 1949: 1946: 1943: 1940: 1937: 1934: 1931: 1930: 1919: 1916: 1913: 1910: 1907: 1906: 1902: 1899: 1896: 1893: 1890: 1889: 1885: 1882: 1879: 1876: 1873: 1872: 1868: 1865: 1862: 1859: 1856: 1855: 1851: 1848: 1845: 1842: 1839: 1838: 1834: 1831: 1828: 1825: 1822: 1821: 1817: 1814: 1811: 1808: 1805: 1804: 1800: 1797: 1794: 1791: 1788: 1787: 1781: 1772: 1769: 1768: 1764: 1761: 1760: 1756: 1753: 1752: 1748: 1745: 1744: 1740: 1737: 1736: 1732: 1729: 1728: 1724: 1721: 1720: 1716: 1713: 1712: 1708: 1705: 1704: 1700: 1697: 1696: 1692: 1689: 1688: 1684: 1681: 1680: 1676: 1673: 1672: 1668: 1665: 1664: 1660: 1657: 1656: 1652: 1650:Oilseeds nes 1649: 1648: 1644: 1641: 1640: 1636: 1633: 1632: 1628: 1625: 1624: 1620: 1617: 1616: 1612: 1609: 1608: 1604: 1601: 1600: 1596: 1593: 1592: 1588: 1585: 1584: 1580: 1577: 1576: 1572: 1569: 1568: 1564: 1561: 1560: 1556: 1553: 1552: 1548: 1545: 1544: 1540: 1537: 1536: 1532: 1529: 1528: 1524: 1521: 1520: 1516: 1513: 1512: 1508: 1506:Beans, green 1505: 1504: 1500: 1497: 1496: 1492: 1489: 1488: 1485: 1481: 1478: 1477: 1473: 1468: 1466: 1456: 1453: 1450: 1447: 1444: 1442: 1439: 1436: 1435: 1432: 1429: 1426: 1423: 1420: 1417: 1414: 1411: 1410: 1406: 1403: 1400: 1397: 1394: 1391: 1388: 1387: 1384: 1381: 1378: 1375: 1372: 1369: 1367: 1364: 1361: 1360: 1356: 1353: 1350: 1347: 1344: 1342: 1339: 1336: 1335: 1331: 1328: 1325: 1322: 1319: 1317: 1314: 1311: 1310: 1306: 1303: 1300: 1297: 1294: 1292: 1289: 1286: 1285: 1282: 1280: 1278: 1276: 1273: 1270: 1267: 1266: 1263: 1260: 1257: 1254: 1251: 1248: 1245: 1242: 1241: 1238: 1235: 1232: 1229: 1226: 1223: 1221: 1218: 1215: 1214: 1211: 1208: 1205: 1202: 1199: 1196: 1194: 1191: 1188: 1187: 1183: 1180: 1177: 1174: 1171: 1169: 1166: 1163: 1162: 1159: 1156: 1153: 1150: 1147: 1144: 1141: 1138: 1137: 1133: 1130: 1127: 1124: 1121: 1118: 1115: 1114: 1111: 1108: 1105: 1102: 1099: 1096: 1094: 1090: 1087: 1084: 1083: 1079: 1076: 1073: 1070: 1067: 1064: 1061: 1058: 1057: 1054: 1051: 1048: 1045: 1042: 1039: 1037: 1034: 1031: 1030: 1026: 1023: 1020: 1017: 1014: 1012: 1009: 1006: 1005: 1001: 998: 995: 992: 989: 987: 984: 981: 980: 976: 973: 970: 967: 964: 962: 959: 956: 955: 945:Average yield 944: 939: 936: 933: 930: 929: 923: 914: 904: 899: 897: 893: 889: 884: 878: 868: 865: 863: 855: 850: 846: 844: 839: 837: 832: 828: 826: 822: 818: 814: 804: 800: 798: 797:Uttar Pradesh 794: 790: 785: 783: 779: 775: 766: 762: 759:The state of 757: 753: 746: 741: 737: 735: 725: 723: 718: 715: 709: 707: 703: 699: 695: 690: 684: 682: 681:Cucurbitaceae 678: 674: 670: 666: 662: 658: 654: 653:finger millet 650: 646: 642: 638: 634: 633:hyacinth bean 630: 626: 622: 618: 614: 610: 606: 602: 601:Vigna radiata 596: 593: 589: 585: 581: 577: 573: 569: 564: 553: 550: 542: 531: 528: 524: 521: 517: 514: 510: 507: 503: 500: – 499: 495: 494:Find sources: 488: 484: 478: 477: 472:This article 470: 466: 461: 460: 452: 449: 447: 443: 439: 435: 431: 427: 423: 419: 418:Uttar Pradesh 411: 406: 402: 400: 395: 393: 388: 384: 382: 378: 374: 368: 364: 362: 358: 352: 350: 346: 342: 338: 334: 330: 327:and numerous 326: 322: 318: 314: 310: 306: 302: 298: 294: 289: 287: 283: 279: 275: 271: 267: 263: 259: 255: 251: 247: 238: 223: 214: 203: 194: 180: 176: 171: 168: 165: 161: 157: 147: 145: 141: 137: 133: 129: 125: 124:immune system 121: 117: 112: 108: 104: 102: 101:United States 98: 94: 90: 84: 82: 78: 74: 70: 66: 61: 59: 55: 51: 42: 34: 30: 19: 12374: 12313:Human rights 12269:Other issues 12215:Tuberculosis 12200:Malnutrition 12038:Caste system 12013:Prostitution 11925:Child labour 11884:Joint family 11874:Dowry system 11864:Cohabitation 11823:Conservation 11777:Unemployment 11772:Urbanisation 11708:Debt bondage 11703:Land reforms 11566:Dependencies 11496:Turkmenistan 11461:Saudi Arabia 11340: 10871:Construction 10843: 10653:Billionaires 10487:Indian rupee 10236:Martial arts 10160:Architecture 10033:Demographics 10018:Caste system 9995:Society and 9645:Construction 9617: 9427:By net worth 9261:Indian rupee 9064:Reservations 8932:Intelligence 8835:Human rights 8820:Constitution 8578:Subdivisions 8271:Indian Plate 8261:Fossil Parks 8196:Contemporary 8111:World War II 7988:Early Modern 7978:Vijayanagara 7874:Vedic period 7744:India topics 7690:. Retrieved 7685: 7649: 7641: 7626: 7608: 7596: 7585: 7576:IDS Bulletin 7575: 7558: 7548: 7537: 7522: 7515: 7508: 7498: 7488: 7481: 7470: 7460: 7453: 7440: 7393:: e5584754. 7390: 7386: 7376: 7364:. Retrieved 7350:(1): 25–32. 7347: 7337: 7318: 7306:. Retrieved 7297: 7288: 7276:. Retrieved 7267: 7258: 7246:. Retrieved 7237: 7228: 7216:. Retrieved 7207: 7198: 7186:. Retrieved 7177: 7168: 7157:, retrieved 7146: 7137: 7129: 7115: 7103:. Retrieved 7099:the original 7089: 7070: 7051: 7039:. Retrieved 7035: 7026: 7014:. Retrieved 7010:the original 6999: 6940:cite journal 6928:. Retrieved 6907: 6898: 6889: 6880: 6869:the original 6855: 6824: 6816: 6806:17 September 6804:. Retrieved 6784: 6777: 6767:17 September 6765:. Retrieved 6758:the original 6745: 6735:17 September 6733:. Retrieved 6719: 6710: 6704: 6693:the original 6683: 6671:. Retrieved 6667:the original 6662: 6652: 6642:17 September 6640:. Retrieved 6625: 6613:. Retrieved 6579: 6557:(2): 57–72. 6554: 6550: 6527: 6520:. 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Retrieved 3613: 3604: 3586: 3578:Bibliography 3462:India portal 3399: 3392: 3385: 3378: 3371: 3364: 3268:dynamic list 3256: 3252: 3244: 3242: 3233: 3230: 3226: 3217: 3210: 3202: 3195: 3192: 3177: 3169: 3118: 3101: 3094: 3090: 3082: 3065: 3011: 2990: 2986: 2982: 2978:soil quality 2969: 2865: 2861: 2858: 2855: 2851:smallholding 2839: 2836:Productivity 2830: 2822: 2813: 2805: 2795: 2784: 2726: 2717:Amul Pattern 2714: 2697: 2664:Most of the 2663: 2647: 2598: 2589:14,365 crore 2583: 2418: 2415:Horticulture 2405: 2402: 2363:(aubergines) 2328:, with shell 2306:Cauliflowers 2292:, with shell 2265: 2138:Buffalo milk 2121: 1778: 1773:103,596,230 1762:Watermelons 1725:405,416,180 1709:177,645,000 1706:Rice, paddy 1658:Onions, dry 1484:(in tonnes) 1483: 1462: 1142:Chicken meat 986:Buffalo milk 920: 911: 892:water mining 880: 866: 859: 840: 833: 829: 813:ground water 809: 795:and western 786: 780:led India's 770: 763:led India's 750: 731: 719: 710: 705: 701: 685: 597: 576:Indus Valley 566: 545: 536: 526: 519: 512: 505: 493: 481:Please help 476:verification 473: 450: 415: 396: 385: 369: 365: 353: 349:poultry meat 290: 286:food staples 243: 178: 173: 169: 153: 128:insecticides 105: 85: 62: 49: 47: 29: 12318:Prohibition 12157:Vigilantism 12071:Communalism 12061:Reservation 11993:Eve teasing 11988:Dowry death 11973:Acid attack 11889:Infertility 11815:Environment 11735:Remittances 11625:Asia portal 11526:States with 11446:Philippines 11386:South Korea 11381:North Korea 11276:Afghanistan 11167:Banking Act 11152:SARFESI Act 11073:Electricity 10901:Oil and gas 10891:Electricity 10844:Agriculture 10828:West Bengal 10818:Uttarakhand 10783:Maharashtra 10622:Licence Raj 10577:Black money 10436:Remittances 10278:Traditional 9955:Banking Act 9940:SARFESI Act 9854:Electricity 9675:Oil and gas 9665:Electricity 9618:Agriculture 9602:West Bengal 9592:Uttarakhand 9557:Maharashtra 9396:Licence Raj 9351:Black money 9210:Remittances 9054:Nationalism 9039:Citizenship 8872:Enforcement 8857:High Courts 8734:Rajya Sabha 8395:sanctuaries 8345:Earthquakes 8317:Environment 8132:Integration 8106:1943 famine 8054:British Raj 8021:Late modern 7945:Middle Ages 7909:Alchon Huns 7821:Mathematics 7811:Linguistics 7105:23 November 7016:11 February 6470:10 February 6230:11 December 6191:27 December 6164:27 December 5727:19 December 5696:25 December 5670:25 December 5635:25 December 5418:17 November 5158:20 December 4917:. Penguin. 4732:22 December 4699:22 December 4539:23 December 4497:23 December 4466:23 December 4433:28 December 4406:28 December 4358:22 December 4298:22 December 4254:22 December 4222:21 December 4150:19 December 4090:28 December 3828:7 September 3748:17 November 3722:25 December 3650:17 November 3228:2020–2021. 3145:Maharashtra 3128:Initiatives 3096:Amartya Sen 2679:Maharashtra 2654:Maharashtra 2642:Maharashtra 2605:fertilisers 2422:cut flowers 2357:Cotton seed 2353:Cotton lint 2326:Cashew nuts 2321:Sesame seed 2227:Pigeon peas 2131:Fresh fruit 2047:Sugar cane 1757:19,007,000 1722:Sugar cane 1717:13,267,520 1701:50,190,000 1690:Pineapples 1661:22,819,000 1629:25,631,000 1573:14,682,000 1546:Chick peas 1501:30,460,000 1053:Netherlands 894:leading to 825:West Bengal 627:), barley ( 615:), wheats ( 611:ramosa and 111:fertilizers 12382:Industries 12328:Disability 12233:Censorship 12162:Cybercrime 12117:Corruption 12094:Secularism 11506:Uzbekistan 11481:Tajikistan 11396:Kyrgyzstan 11376:Kazakhstan 11296:Bangladesh 11286:Azerbaijan 11220:Wikiquotes 10963:Television 10938:Healthcare 10861:Automotive 10808:Tamil Nadu 10675:Labour law 10658:Demography 10461:NITI Aayog 10367:Governance 10353:BSE SENSEX 10229:television 10219:Literature 10023:Corruption 9746:Television 9714:Healthcare 9635:Automotive 9582:Tamil Nadu 9449:Labour law 9432:Demography 9235:NITI Aayog 9141:Governance 9127:BSE SENSEX 9079:Secularism 9034:Censorship 8825:Penal Code 8724:Parliament 8701:Government 8506:Waterfalls 8350:Ecoregions 8213:Pokhran-II 8011:Bengal War 7826:Metallurgy 7692:30 October 7130:al Jazeera 7075:Objectives 7036:PIB.GOV.IN 6522:11 January 6427:10 January 6354:6 December 6063:31 January 6037:31 January 6011:31 January 5845:12 January 5819:12 January 5267:7 November 5120:(Report). 5097:Kumar 2006 4975:6 February 4949:6 February 4642:14 January 4606:14 January 4327:17 January 4179:10 January 3676:15 January 3596:References 3266:This is a 3162:Tamil Nadu 3021:irrigation 3008:World Bank 3001:technology 2609:pesticides 2290:Groundnuts 2285:Sugar cane 2222:bastfibres 2216:Areca nuts 2211:Chick peas 2144:Castor oil 2024:Oil seeds 1765:2,495,000 1741:1,390,080 1733:1,156,000 1693:1,711,000 1677:6,050,000 1669:9,509,000 1637:1,266,000 1621:3,482,000 1613:3,041,000 1605:1 788,000 1597:2,910,000 1557:1,743,000 1549:9,937,990 1533:9,083,000 1525:1,196,680 1493:2,316,000 1316:Chick peas 1220:Sugar cane 1110:Cape Verde 977:Australia 940:Unit price 934:Commodity 871:Irrigation 854:Irrigation 609:Brachiaria 599:of pulses 584:Kalibangan 580:Bronze Age 539:April 2016 509:newspapers 381:Bangladesh 333:cash crops 329:vegetables 293:dry fruits 274:castor oil 136:fungicides 132:herbicides 107:Pesticides 12621:Companies 12438:Executive 12414:Fenugreek 12398:in Kerala 12389:Areca nut 12291:Sexuality 12281:Feudalism 12276:Colourism 12260:Fake news 12185:Epidemics 12152:Terrorism 11899:Polyandry 11792:Education 11762:Transport 11745:Clearance 11592:Hong Kong 11546:Palestine 11471:Sri 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3211:In 2015, 3079:Marketing 2955:Sugarcane 2941:Oil seeds 2694:Marketing 2674:sugarcane 2375:cardamoms 2361:Eggplants 2257:coriander 1874:Sugarcane 1754:Tomatoes 1714:Soybeans 1698:Potatoes 1570:Coconuts 1538:Cherries 1262:Nicaragua 1210:Indonesia 717:nations. 698:sugarcane 665:Gossypium 588:Rajasthan 442:Karnataka 345:livestock 325:sugarcane 311:, farmed 73:fisheries 12832:Category 12662:Protests 12286:Gambling 12238:Internet 12190:HIV/AIDS 12180:Diabetes 12003:Feminism 11983:Devadasi 11920:Abortion 11913:Children 11904:Polygyny 11800:Literacy 11615:Category 11536:Abkhazia 11486:Thailand 11441:Pakistan 11421:Mongolia 11416:Maldives 11411:Malaysia 11311:Cambodia 11200:Category 11044:Aviation 11029:Textiles 10968:Printing 10958:FM Radio 10933:Gambling 10928:Forestry 10866:Chemical 10706:By state 10680:Pensions 10587:National 10529:Governor 10480:Currency 10441:Taxation 10358:NIFTY 50 10246:Painting 10209:Folklore 10165:Blogging 10107:Religion 10092:Literacy 9827:Aviation 9812:Textiles 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