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133:
247:, Turkish Cypriots were elected separately by their own community. The House had no power to modify the basic articles of the Constitution in any respect, and any other modification required separate majorities of two thirds of both the Greek Cypriot and the Turkish Cypriot members. Any modification of the Electoral Law and the adoption of any law relating to municipalities or any fiscal laws required separate simple majorities of the Greek Cypriot and Turkish Cypriot members of the House. It was thus impossible for only representatives of one community to pass such a bill.
680:
270:, suggested amendments to the Constitution "to resolve constitutional deadlocks". The Turkish-Cypriot leadership, following the Turkish government, called them unacceptable. The Vice President publicly declared that the Republic of Cyprus had ceased to exist and, along with the three Turkish-Cypriot Ministers, the Turkish-Cypriot members of the House withdrew, as did Turkish-Cypriot civil servants. Makarios refused all suggestions that would have resulted in the partition of Cyprus, and negotiations over the problem have still failed to succeed.
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36:
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318:. The legality of the invasion depends on whether common or concerted action between the United Kingdom, Greece and Turkey had proved impossible and whether the outcome of the invasion safeguarded the bi-communal consociational, independence, sovereignty and territorial integrity of the Republic of Cyprus. In 1983, Turkish Cypriots issued the
262:
Within three years, the functioning of the legislature started to fail, and, in 1963, when the fiscal laws under
Article 78 of the constitution expired, the House of Representatives split along pure communal lines and failed to renew the income tax upon which public finances depended.
306:
Article Four of the Treaty of
Guarantee provided, "In so far as common or concerted action may not prove possible, each of the three guaranteeing Powers reserves the right to take action with the sole aim of re-establishing the state of affairs created by the present Treaty".
218:
military partition of Cyprus into Greek-Cypriot and
Turkish-Cypriot regions, the larger Greek-Cypriot Region, controlled by the Cypriot government, claims that the 1960 Constitution basically remains in force, but the Turkish-Cypriot region claims to have seceded by the
259:, described the 1960 Constitution created by the Zürich and London Agreements as "a constitutional oddity" and that difficulties in implementing the treaties signed on the basis of those agreements had begun almost immediately after independence.
303:. Cyprus and the guarantor powers (the United Kingdom, Turkey and Greece) promised to prohibit the promotion of "either the union of the Republic of Cyprus with any other State, or the partition of the Island".
2122:
239:
on laws passed by the House of
Representatives and on decisions of the Council of Ministers, which was composed of ten ministers, three of whom were to be Turkish-Cypriots, nominated by the Vice-President.
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was to be a Greek-Cypriot, elected by the Greek-Cypriots, and the Vice-President a
Turkish-Cypriot, elected by the Turkish-Cypriots. The Vice-President was granted the right of a final
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The constitution, provided for under the agreements, divided the
Cypriot people into two communities, based on ethnic origin. The
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has issued multiple resolutions that all states should refrain from recognising the protectorate of Turkey in Cyprus.
200:). On that basis, a constitution was drafted and agreed together with two prior Treaties of Alliance and Guarantee in
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declared the
Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus to be legally invalid and asked for its withdrawal. The
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Together with the Zürich and London
Agreements, two other treaties were also agreed upon in
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399:"Documents relating to the Founding of Cyprus, including the Treaty of Guarantee, 1959"
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176:) for the constitution of Cyprus started with an agreement on 19 February 1959 in
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In
November 1963, the (Greek-Cypriot) President of the Republic, Archbishop
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Declaration of
Independence of the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus
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Declaration of Independence of the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus
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388:"Treaty concerning the Establishment of the Republic of Cyprus"
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para. 163 of Report to the U.N. Secretary-General in March 1965
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Membership of Northern Cyprus in international organizations
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in Cyprus. Turkey claimed under the Treaty of Guarantee to
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1959 agreements between the UK, Turkey, Greece, and Cyprus
180:, London, between Turkey, Greece, the United Kingdom and
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Agreement on Strategic Partnership and Mutual Support
276:, Cyprus has remained partitioned for over 60 years.
214:After the failure of the Agreement in 1963 and the
60:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
393:. United Nations. 16 August 1960. Treaty No. 5476.
322:, but it has been recognised only by Turkey. The
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310:In July 1974, there was briefly a Greek-backed
2711:United Kingdom and the Commonwealth of Nations
1987:
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2001:
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255:The United Nations Mediator on Cyprus, Dr.
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152:at the negotiations in Zürich, Switzerland
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372:Treaty of Guarantee of Republic of Cyprus
333:Greece, Turkey, and Cyprus also signed a
136:From left to right: Greek Prime Minister
120:Learn how and when to remove this message
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14:
2706:Cyprus and the Commonwealth of Nations
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148:and Greek Minister of Foreign Affairs
140:, Turkish Minister of Foreign Affairs
1975:
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280:Treaties of Guarantee and of Alliance
207:Cyprus was accordingly proclaimed an
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1038:Foreign relations of Northern Cyprus
58:adding citations to reliable sources
29:
2606:Treaties entered into force in 1960
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965:Cyprus and the Non-Aligned Movement
557:German–Turkish Treaty of Friendship
24:
1695:2012–2013 Cypriot financial crisis
991:Cyprus Ministry of Foreign Affairs
532:Greco-Turkish Friendship Agreement
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473:Treaty of Alexandropol (Gyumri)
45:needs additional citations for
2646:Treaties of the United Kingdom
1177:List of diplomatic missions of
602:Treaties of the Ottoman Empire
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69:"London and Zürich Agreements"
13:
1:
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299:and independent state of the
297:bi-communal consociationalism
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2661:Cyprus–Switzerland relations
1162:London and Zurich Agreements
960:Cyprus in the European Union
562:Zürich and London Agreements
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174:Zürih ve Londra Antlaşmaları
158:London and Zürich Agreements
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2062:Declaration of independence
2050:2004 Annan Plan referendums
651:Foreign relations of Cyprus
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1487:Cities, towns and villages
166:Συμφωνίες Ζυρίχης–Λονδίνου
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227:Constitutional provisions
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144:, Turkish Prime Minister
1172:Turkish Cypriot diaspora
245:House of Representatives
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2666:Cyprus–Turkey relations
2656:Cyprus–Greece relations
2444:Enclaved Greek Cypriots
2210:Security Forces Command
1721:Cypriot nationality law
537:Treaty of Ankara (1926)
493:Treaty of Ankara (1921)
186:Archbishop Makarios III
2611:20th century in Zürich
2025:Intercommunal violence
1417:Intercommunal violence
1267:Cypro-Minoan syllabary
1105:1974 Greek coup d'état
1100:Intercommunal violence
1075:Multilateral relations
924:Diplomatic missions of
173:
153:
18:Independence of Cyprus
2266:Kuzey Kıbrıs Turkcell
1422:Akrotiri and Dhekelia
1167:Turkish Cypriot State
1110:1974 Turkish invasion
204:on 11 February 1959.
135:
2187:Council of Ministers
1881:Settlers from Turkey
1831:World Heritage Sites
1442:Cypriot S-300 crisis
776:United Arab Emirates
498:Armistice of Mudanya
478:Cilicia Peace Treaty
362:paragraph 129, ibid.
316:intervene militarily
54:improve this article
2591:1960 in Switzerland
2566:1959 in Switzerland
2118:Diplomatic missions
1292:Neo-Assyrian Empire
1045:Bilateral relations
547:Montreux Convention
465:War of Independence
328:UN Security Council
293:Treaty of Guarantee
211:on 16 August 1960.
184:community leaders (
2651:Treaties of Turkey
2636:Treaties of Cyprus
2261:Telecommunications
1675:Telecommunications
1398:Post-1878 overview
1181:in Northern Cyprus
1146:Peacekeeping force
975:Politics of Cyprus
552:Treaty of Saadabad
522:After Proclamation
503:Treaty of Lausanne
455:Treaties of Turkey
335:Treaty of Alliance
301:Republic of Cyprus
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71: –
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65:Find sources:
59:
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43:This article
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32:
31:
19:
2716:Makarios III
2497:Coat of arms
2412:Demographics
2400:Republic Day
2321:Human rights
2246:Central Bank
2152:Constitution
1916:Coat of arms
1841:Demographics
1685:Trade unions
1595:Human rights
1558:Constitution
1452:EU accession
1409:
1402:
1376:Ottoman rule
1317:Roman Cyprus
1155:Other topics
937:Multilateral
406:. Retrieved
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268:Makarios III
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52:Please help
47:verification
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2304:Citizenship
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1871:Linobambaki
1655:Agriculture
1600:LGBT rights
1502:Earthquakes
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312:coup d'état
194:Fazıl Küçük
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2255:(currency)
2045:Annan Plan
2030:Green Line
1811:Literature
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881:Historical
726:Bangladesh
463:During the
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341:References
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80:newspapers
2458:Languages
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1475:Geography
1391:Governors
969:NN States
928:in Cyprus
766:Palestine
746:Indonesia
251:Aftermath
233:President
223:in 1983.
2530:Category
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2395:Holidays
2388:football
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2202:Military
2147:Assembly
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2040:Refugees
1956:Category
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1541:Politics
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1432:Refugees
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917:Missions
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792:Bulgaria
688:Americas
408:26 April
274:De facto
216:de facto
192:and Dr.
146:Menderes
2521:Outline
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2350:Culture
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2012:History
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797:Croatia
761:Lebanon
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665:Algeria
243:In the
182:Cypriot
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150:Averoff
94:scholar
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2363:Dances
1961:Portal
1911:Anthem
1794:Cinema
1736:Health
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1522:Rivers
1411:Taksim
1404:Enosis
1369:Modern
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857:Serbia
852:Russia
847:Poland
842:Norway
832:Kosovo
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812:France
785:Europe
756:Kuwait
751:Israel
700:Mexico
695:Canada
658:Africa
286:Zürich
202:Zürich
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2241:Banks
1947:Index
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1816:Media
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1612:Chief
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862:Spain
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771:Qatar
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670:Egypt
391:(PDF)
162:Greek
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101:JSTOR
87:books
2502:Flag
2326:LGBT
1921:Flag
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1756:Name
1748:cron
1743:and
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714:Asia
410:2021
291:The
237:veto
196:for
188:for
156:The
73:news
1789:Art
56:by
2547::
1179:/
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