596:
584:
620:
608:
231:
54:
42:
889:
202:
1533:
2870:
2880:
2845:
2481:
2318:
2533:
2409:
2603:
2543:
2343:
2303:
2246:
2583:
2370:
882:
569:
178:
595:
2729:
2724:
2323:
2166:
2102:
2578:
649:
2588:
2430:
2338:
1526:
875:
673:
1519:
644:
619:
376:
3301:
607:
976:
538:"Incus" means "anvil" in Latin. Several sources attribute the discovery of the incus to the anatomist and philosopher
2382:
1307:
2095:
664:
Drake, Richard L.; Vogl, Wayne; Tibbitts, Adam W.M. Mitchell; illustrations by
Richard; Richardson, Paul (2005).
475:
526:. The malleus, resting on the membrane, conveys vibrations to the incus. This in turn conveys vibrations to the
859:
486:
737:
I dottori
Bolognesi di teologia, filosofia, medicina e d'arti liberali dall'anno 1000 per tutto marzo del 1623
1475:
1028:
197:
3321:
1470:
1336:
1083:
1073:
2464:
2088:
1465:
1100:
1078:
1018:
1095:
1023:
691:"Transformation of the quadrate (incus) through the transition from non-mammalian cynodonts to mammals"
560:
564:, was the first to compare the second element of the ossicles to an anvil, thereby giving it the name
1112:
690:
663:
3306:
2063:
1351:
1346:
1043:
369:
209:
161:
1324:
3133:
2046:
1910:
1285:
185:
173:
2743:
1902:
1791:
1648:
1127:
583:
137:
133:
1381:
1178:
702:
539:
326:
740:
8:
3331:
1430:
547:
362:
348:
706:
2663:
2256:
2173:
2041:
1906:
1760:
1755:
1457:
1435:
1423:
1295:
1228:
1048:
833:
808:
769:
497:
26:
3316:
3163:
3140:
3056:
1999:
1712:
1490:
1440:
1406:
1394:
1372:
1248:
961:
944:
919:
903:
838:
718:
669:
523:
284:
259:
470:, and has a long and short crus extending from the body, which articulates with the
3326:
3126:
2909:
2678:
2668:
2376:
2209:
2051:
1914:
1879:
1765:
1742:
1485:
1480:
1290:
1122:
828:
820:
714:
710:
555:
77:
3253:
2828:
2752:
2224:
2080:
2019:
1871:
1800:
1750:
1615:
1447:
1312:
1233:
1213:
1193:
997:
899:
867:
824:
490:
166:
2916:
2653:
2636:
2486:
2436:
2348:
2328:
2183:
2058:
2014:
1981:
1883:
1658:
1638:
1580:
1554:
1546:
1319:
1263:
1183:
1149:
437:
113:
1511:
568:. The final part of the long limb was once described as a "fourth ossicle" by
3295:
3047:
3002:
2979:
2813:
2780:
2701:
2658:
2491:
2441:
2424:
2388:
2298:
2277:
2234:
2204:
2189:
1887:
1875:
1863:
1841:
1643:
1633:
1600:
1595:
1585:
1389:
1358:
1275:
1258:
1223:
1139:
1038:
722:
501:
331:
58:
22:
230:
190:
3311:
3279:
Parentheses denote bones that receive a different name in particular clades
2997:
2992:
2837:
2719:
2517:
2513:
2475:
2414:
2333:
2261:
2240:
2219:
2160:
2036:
1943:
1933:
1859:
1605:
1590:
1572:
1013:
934:
842:
807:
Graboyes, Evan M.; Chole, Richard A.; Hullar, Timothy E. (September 2011).
806:
3179:
3076:
2874:
2865:
2418:
2313:
2214:
2024:
1891:
1867:
1563:
1218:
1008:
924:
3258:
3197:
3167:
2951:
2859:
2598:
2593:
2560:
2549:
2229:
2199:
2152:
2031:
1897:
1663:
1623:
1413:
988:
939:
519:
463:
421:
277:
123:
107:
971:
215:
3248:
3242:
3202:
3173:
3085:
2956:
2770:
2692:
2645:
2523:
2364:
2251:
2009:
1953:
1302:
1243:
1163:
956:
929:
911:
319:
264:
252:
3081:
3012:
2923:
2885:
2849:
2800:
2775:
2760:
2555:
2505:
2118:
2115:
2004:
1808:
1725:
1681:
1329:
1060:
753:
Studies in pre-Vesalian anatomy. Biography, translations, documents
459:
453:
417:
289:
3282:
Italics denote neomorphic bones present only in particular clades
3236:
3071:
3036:
2987:
2891:
2808:
2790:
2785:
2764:
2538:
2527:
2308:
2194:
2143:
1966:
1938:
1831:
1813:
1720:
1686:
1628:
1418:
1401:
1208:
1068:
966:
949:
513:
471:
428:, to which it is connected laterally, and transmits these to the
425:
343:
336:
294:
3207:
3030:
2961:
2930:
2855:
2685:
2673:
2468:
1971:
1925:
1777:
1772:
1696:
1107:
527:
479:
429:
304:
238:
This article is one of a series documenting the anatomy of the
3025:
3020:
2570:
2451:
2179:
2131:
1976:
1961:
1653:
467:
433:
149:
2818:
2711:
2111:
1991:
1851:
1836:
1542:
413:
92:
86:
755:, American Philosophical Society, Philadelphia, 1975. p.40
53:
41:
1823:
1730:
1673:
409:
243:
83:
741:
http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k51029z/f35.image#
601:
Tympanic cavity. Facial canal. Internal carotid artery.
432:
medially. The incus is named for its resemblance to an
797:
Berkeley: University of
California Press, 1964. p. 121
625:
Aditory ossicles. Incus and malleus. Deep dissection.
489:
attaches at the body of the incus to the roof of the
95:
89:
770:
https://archive.org/details/ita-bnc-mag-00001056-001
613:
Auditory ossicles. Tympanic cavity. Deep dissection.
80:
21:This article is about ossicle. For other uses, see
2110:
897:
466:which act to transmit sound. It is shaped like an
3293:
668:. Philadelphia: Elsevier/Churchill Livingstone.
1541:
2357:
2270:
689:Luo, Zhexi; Crompton, Alfred W. (1994-09-07).
46:Left incus. A. From within. B. From the front.
2901:
2096:
1527:
883:
542:. The first brief written description of the
370:
688:
659:
657:
2367:(Supraoccipital+Exoccipital+Basioccipital)
2103:
2089:
1534:
1520:
890:
876:
377:
363:
52:
40:
832:
424:. The incus receives vibrations from the
2625:
795:Andreas Vesalius of Brussels, 1514-1564.
654:
3294:
1201:
61:, laid open by a cut in its long axis.
3055:
2836:
2624:
2129:
2084:
1515:
871:
478:. The long crus articulates with the
3170:) (Tibiale+Intermedium+Centrale 3+4)
2827:
575:
397:
13:
3046:
766:Commentaria super anatomia Mundini
695:Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology
552:Commentaria super anatomia Mundini
14:
3343:
2391:(Squamosal+Petrosal+Ectotympanic)
853:
784:. Johannes Oporinus, Basle, 1543.
474:. The short crus attaches to the
458:The incus is the second of three
739:, Tebaldini, N., Bologna, 1623.
618:
606:
594:
582:
229:
76:
476:posterior ligament of the incus
1286:Reissner's/vestibular membrane
800:
787:
774:
758:
745:
729:
715:10.1080/02724634.1994.10011564
682:
637:
487:superior ligament of the incus
1:
1029:promontory of tympanic cavity
630:
825:10.1097/MAO.0b013e31822a28df
650:University of North Carolina
447:
7:
2379:(Parasphenoid+Basisphenoid)
1019:secondary tympanic membrane
764:Jacopo Berengario da Carpi,
666:Gray's anatomy for students
507:
482:at the lenticular process.
10:
3348:
3302:Bones of the head and neck
1024:prominence of facial canal
782:De humani corporis fabrica
561:De humani corporis fabrica
533:
511:
504:found in other tetrapods.
462:, very small bones in the
451:
20:
3275:
3228:
3193:
3156:
3118:
3095:
3064:
3011:
2978:
2947:
2799:
2751:
2742:
2710:
2644:
2635:
2631:
2620:
2569:
2504:
2460:
2402:
2291:
2151:
2142:
2138:
2130:
2125:
1990:
1952:
1924:
1850:
1822:
1799:
1790:
1741:
1711:
1672:
1614:
1571:
1562:
1553:
1456:
1380:
1371:
1274:
1192:
1171:
1162:
1138:
1059:
996:
987:
910:
813:Otology & Neurotology
208:
196:
184:
172:
160:
148:
143:
129:
119:
106:
71:
66:
51:
39:
34:
2373:(Exoccipital+Opisthotic)
1044:aditus to mastoid antrum
210:Anatomical terms of bone
3134:Intermediate cuneiform
2280:(Postparietal+Tabular)
1649:inferior nasal conchae
441:
412:is one of three small
16:Bone of the middle ear
1035:Posterior structures
809:"The Ossicle of Paaw"
522:are received via the
138:incudostapedial joint
2626:Postcranial skeleton
2385:(Prootic+Opisthotic)
1276:Cochlear duct /
1240:Perilymphatic space
1140:Auditory tube /
540:Alessandro Achillini
3322:Otorhinolaryngology
3182:(Distal tarsal 4+5)
2064:accessory navicular
1458:Semicircular canals
1431:Vestibular aqueduct
707:1994JVPal..14..341L
548:Berengario da Carpi
349:Semicircular canals
2664:Cervical vertebrae
1436:endolymphatic duct
1424:Otolithic membrane
1337:Tectorial membrane
1296:Reticular membrane
1101:posterior ligament
1049:pyramidal eminence
1005:Medial structures
780:Andreas Vesalius,
648:—Embryo Images at
518:Vibrations in the
27:Cumulonimbus incus
3289:
3288:
3271:
3270:
3267:
3266:
3224:
3223:
3220:
3219:
3216:
3215:
3189:
3188:
3157:Composite tarsals
3141:Lateral cuneiform
3139:Distal tarsal 3 (
3132:Distal tarsal 2 (
3125:Distal tarsal 1 (
2974:
2973:
2970:
2969:
2943:
2942:
2929:Distal carpal 4 (
2922:Distal carpal 3 (
2915:Distal carpal 2 (
2908:Distal carpal 1 (
2738:
2737:
2616:
2615:
2612:
2611:
2500:
2499:
2398:
2397:
2287:
2286:
2078:
2077:
2074:
2073:
1786:
1785:
1707:
1706:
1509:
1508:
1505:
1504:
1501:
1500:
1491:crista ampullaris
1441:endolymphatic sac
1373:Vestibular system
1367:
1366:
1249:Cochlear aqueduct
1158:
1157:
1096:superior ligament
1084:anterior ligament
1074:superior ligament
962:Auricular muscles
945:intertragic notch
768:, Bologna, 1521.
675:978-0-8089-2306-0
576:Additional images
524:tympanic membrane
387:
386:
285:Tympanic membrane
224:
223:
219:
3339:
3127:Medial cuneiform
3065:Proximal tarsals
3062:
3061:
3053:
3052:
3044:
3043:
2899:
2898:
2871:Lateral centrale
2834:
2833:
2825:
2824:
2749:
2748:
2679:Caudal vertebrae
2669:Dorsal vertebrae
2642:
2641:
2633:
2632:
2622:
2621:
2377:Parabasisphenoid
2355:
2354:
2268:
2267:
2149:
2148:
2140:
2139:
2127:
2126:
2105:
2098:
2091:
2082:
2081:
1797:
1796:
1743:Vertebral column
1569:
1568:
1560:
1559:
1536:
1529:
1522:
1513:
1512:
1481:Ampullary cupula
1378:
1377:
1308:Stria vascularis
1291:Basilar membrane
1199:
1198:
1169:
1168:
1113:annular ligament
1079:lateral ligament
994:
993:
892:
885:
878:
869:
868:
847:
846:
836:
819:(7): 1185–1188.
804:
798:
791:
785:
778:
772:
762:
756:
749:
743:
733:
727:
726:
686:
680:
679:
661:
652:
641:
622:
610:
598:
586:
556:Andreas Vesalius
399:
379:
372:
365:
233:
226:
225:
216:edit on Wikidata
213:
102:
101:
98:
97:
94:
91:
88:
85:
82:
56:
44:
32:
31:
3347:
3346:
3342:
3341:
3340:
3338:
3337:
3336:
3307:Auditory system
3292:
3291:
3290:
3285:
3263:
3254:Ossified tendon
3212:
3185:
3152:
3149:Distal tarsal 5
3146:Distal tarsal 4
3114:
3091:
3042:
3007:
2966:
2939:
2936:Distal carpal 5
2897:
2881:Medial centrale
2823:
2795:
2753:Pectoral girdle
2734:
2706:
2698:
2627:
2608:
2565:
2496:
2456:
2394:
2358:Composite bones
2353:
2283:
2271:Composite bones
2266:
2134:
2121:
2109:
2079:
2070:
1986:
1948:
1920:
1846:
1818:
1782:
1737:
1703:
1668:
1610:
1549:
1540:
1510:
1497:
1452:
1448:Ductus reuniens
1363:
1342:Sulcus spiralis
1313:Spiral ligament
1277:
1270:
1234:Cochlear cupula
1214:Vestibular duct
1194:Auditory system
1188:
1154:
1142:Eustachian tube
1141:
1134:
1055:
998:Tympanic cavity
983:
906:
896:
860:The Anatomy Wiz
856:
851:
850:
805:
801:
793:O'Malley, C.D.
792:
788:
779:
775:
763:
759:
750:
746:
734:
730:
687:
683:
676:
662:
655:
642:
638:
633:
626:
623:
614:
611:
602:
599:
590:
587:
578:
536:
516:
510:
491:tympanic cavity
456:
450:
389:
383:
354:
353:
322:
312:
311:
280:
270:
269:
255:
220:
134:Incudomalleolar
79:
75:
62:
47:
30:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3345:
3335:
3334:
3329:
3324:
3319:
3314:
3309:
3304:
3287:
3286:
3284:
3283:
3280:
3276:
3273:
3272:
3269:
3268:
3265:
3264:
3262:
3261:
3256:
3251:
3246:
3232:
3230:
3226:
3225:
3222:
3221:
3218:
3217:
3214:
3213:
3211:
3210:
3205:
3200:
3194:
3191:
3190:
3187:
3186:
3184:
3183:
3177:
3176:(Centrale 1+2)
3171:
3160:
3158:
3154:
3153:
3151:
3150:
3147:
3144:
3137:
3130:
3122:
3120:
3119:Distal tarsals
3116:
3115:
3113:
3112:
3109:
3106:
3103:
3099:
3097:
3093:
3092:
3090:
3089:
3079:
3074:
3068:
3066:
3059:
3050:
3041:
3040:
3033:
3028:
3023:
3017:
3015:
3009:
3008:
3006:
3005:
3000:
2995:
2990:
2984:
2982:
2976:
2975:
2972:
2971:
2968:
2967:
2965:
2964:
2959:
2954:
2948:
2945:
2944:
2941:
2940:
2938:
2937:
2934:
2927:
2920:
2913:
2905:
2903:
2902:Distal carpals
2896:
2895:
2888:
2883:
2878:
2868:
2863:
2853:
2842:
2840:
2831:
2822:
2821:
2816:
2811:
2805:
2803:
2797:
2796:
2794:
2793:
2788:
2783:
2778:
2773:
2768:
2757:
2755:
2746:
2740:
2739:
2736:
2735:
2733:
2732:
2727:
2722:
2716:
2714:
2708:
2707:
2705:
2704:
2699:
2697:
2696:
2689:
2681:
2676:
2671:
2666:
2661:
2656:
2650:
2648:
2639:
2629:
2628:
2618:
2617:
2614:
2613:
2610:
2609:
2607:
2606:
2601:
2596:
2591:
2586:
2581:
2575:
2573:
2567:
2566:
2564:
2563:
2558:
2553:
2546:
2541:
2536:
2531:
2521:
2510:
2508:
2502:
2501:
2498:
2497:
2495:
2494:
2489:
2487:Sclerotic ring
2484:
2482:Extracolumella
2479:
2472:
2461:
2458:
2457:
2455:
2454:
2449:
2439:
2434:
2427:
2422:
2412:
2406:
2404:
2400:
2399:
2396:
2395:
2393:
2392:
2386:
2380:
2374:
2368:
2361:
2359:
2352:
2351:
2349:Supraoccipital
2346:
2341:
2336:
2331:
2329:Orbitosphenoid
2326:
2321:
2319:Laterosphenoid
2316:
2311:
2306:
2301:
2295:
2293:
2289:
2288:
2285:
2284:
2282:
2281:
2274:
2272:
2265:
2264:
2259:
2254:
2249:
2244:
2237:
2232:
2227:
2222:
2217:
2212:
2207:
2202:
2197:
2192:
2187:
2177:
2170:
2163:
2157:
2155:
2146:
2136:
2135:
2123:
2122:
2108:
2107:
2100:
2093:
2085:
2076:
2075:
2072:
2071:
2069:
2068:
2067:
2066:
2056:
2055:
2054:
2049:
2044:
2034:
2029:
2028:
2027:
2022:
2017:
2012:
2007:
1996:
1994:
1988:
1987:
1985:
1984:
1982:sesamoid bones
1979:
1974:
1969:
1964:
1958:
1956:
1950:
1949:
1947:
1946:
1941:
1936:
1930:
1928:
1922:
1921:
1919:
1918:
1900:
1895:
1856:
1854:
1848:
1847:
1845:
1844:
1839:
1834:
1828:
1826:
1820:
1819:
1817:
1816:
1811:
1805:
1803:
1794:
1788:
1787:
1784:
1783:
1781:
1780:
1775:
1770:
1769:
1768:
1763:
1758:
1747:
1745:
1739:
1738:
1736:
1735:
1734:
1733:
1723:
1717:
1715:
1709:
1708:
1705:
1704:
1702:
1701:
1700:
1699:
1694:
1689:
1678:
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854:External links
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735:Alidosi, GNP.
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701:(3): 341–374.
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3229:Miscellaneous
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3003:Epipubic bone
3001:
2999:
2996:
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2980:Pelvic girdle
2977:
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2814:Radius (bone)
2812:
2810:
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2798:
2792:
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2781:Interclavicle
2779:
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2702:Haemal arches
2700:
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2410:Ectopterygoid
2408:
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2390:
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2299:Basioccipital
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2276:
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2257:Supratemporal
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2174:Intertemporal
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2159:
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2137:
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2128:
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1039:mastoid cells
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986:
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977:pars flaccida
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502:quadrate bone
499:
496:The incus is
494:
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488:
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481:
477:
473:
469:
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321:
316:
315:
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175:
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147:
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139:
135:
132:
130:Articulations
128:
125:
122:
118:
115:
111:
109:
105:
100:
74:
72:Pronunciation
70:
65:
60:
59:Auditory tube
55:
50:
43:
38:
33:
28:
24:
23:Incus Records
19:
3241:
3235:
3035:
2890:
2744:Appendicular
2720:Cervical rib
2691:
2684:
2604:Tympanohyoid
2548:
2544:Prearticular
2518:Ectotympanic
2476:Entotympanic
2474:
2445:
2429:
2415:Epipterygoid
2344:Sphenethmoid
2334:Parasphenoid
2304:Basisphenoid
2247:Septomaxilla
2239:
2220:Postparietal
2172:
2165:
2047:intermediate
1792:Appendicular
1691:
1573:Neurocranium
1341:
1090:
1014:round window
862:
816:
812:
802:
794:
789:
781:
776:
765:
760:
752:
751:Lind, L. R.
747:
736:
731:
698:
694:
684:
665:
643:
639:
565:
559:
551:
543:
537:
517:
495:
484:
457:
405:
401:
392:
391:
388:
299:
179:A15.3.02.038
154:
18:
3077:Intermedium
2866:Intermedium
2584:Ceratohyoid
2419:Alisphenoid
2371:Otoccipital
2314:Exoccipital
2215:Postorbital
2210:Postfrontal
2032:metatarsals
1898:metacarpals
1868:lunate bone
1325:stereocilia
1278:scala media
1219:Helicotrema
1009:oval window
898:Anatomy of
570:Pieter Paaw
144:Identifiers
3332:Middle ear
3296:Categories
3259:Osteoderms
3198:Metatarsal
3164:Astragalus
3111:Centrale 4
3108:Centrale 3
3105:Centrale 2
3102:Centrale 1
2952:Metacarpal
2860:Triquetral
2730:Caudal rib
2725:Dorsal rib
2599:Thyrohyoid
2594:Stylohyoid
2561:Surangular
2550:Predentary
2324:Opisthotic
2230:Premaxilla
2225:Prefrontal
2167:Internasal
2153:Skull roof
1872:triquetral
1476:Horizontal
1414:Kinocilium
1179:membranous
1172:Labyrinths
989:Middle ear
940:antitragus
631:References
520:middle ear
498:homologous
464:middle ear
452:See also:
422:middle ear
327:Vestibules
278:Middle ear
124:Middle ear
3249:Gastralia
3243:Baubellum
3203:Phalanges
3174:Navicular
3096:Centralia
3086:Calcaneum
2957:Phalanges
2917:Trapezoid
2910:Trapezium
2771:Cleithrum
2693:Pygostyle
2646:Vertebrae
2579:Basihyoid
2524:Articular
2465:Columella
2437:Pterygoid
2365:Occipital
2292:Braincase
2252:Squamosal
2184:Zygomatic
2059:accessory
2037:phalanges
2020:cuneiform
2015:navicular
2010:anklebone
1903:phalanges
1884:trapezoid
1880:trapezium
1751:vertebrae
1639:zygomatic
1581:occipital
1471:Posterior
1382:Vestibule
1330:tip links
1303:Endolymph
1264:Boettcher
1244:Perilymph
1164:Inner ear
1123:stapedius
957:Ear canal
930:antihelix
912:Outer ear
723:0272-4634
645:hednk-023
572:in 1615.
558:, in his
448:Structure
420:) in the
320:Inner ear
265:Ear canal
253:Outer ear
244:Human ear
108:Precursor
3317:Ossicles
3082:Fibulare
3013:Hindlimb
2924:Capitate
2886:Pisiform
2850:Scaphoid
2801:Forelimb
2776:Coracoid
2761:Clavicle
2589:Epihyoid
2556:Splenial
2534:Coronoid
2506:Mandible
2442:Quadrate
2431:Prevomer
2425:Palatine
2389:Temporal
2383:Petrosal
2205:Parietal
2190:Lacrimal
2119:skeleton
2116:tetrapod
2042:proximal
2005:heelbone
1888:capitate
1876:pisiform
1864:scaphoid
1809:clavicle
1801:Shoulder
1761:thoracic
1756:cervical
1726:rib cage
1682:ossicles
1659:mandible
1644:palatine
1634:lacrimal
1601:sphenoid
1596:temporal
1586:parietal
1486:Ampullae
1466:Superior
1352:internus
1347:externus
1259:Claudius
1229:Modiolus
1119:Muscles
1061:Ossicles
843:21844785
589:Ossicles
554:(1521).
508:Function
460:ossicles
454:Ossicles
418:ossicles
290:Ossicles
3327:Otology
3237:Baculum
3072:Tibiale
3037:Patella
2988:Ischium
2892:Pteroid
2846:Radiale
2809:Humerus
2791:Sternum
2786:Scapula
2765:Furcula
2539:Dentary
2528:Malleus
2514:Angular
2339:Prootic
2309:Ethmoid
2262:Tabular
2241:Rostral
2195:Maxilla
2161:Frontal
2144:Cranium
2114:in the
2000:tarsals
1967:patella
1939:ischium
1860:carpals
1832:humerus
1814:scapula
1721:sternum
1687:malleus
1629:maxilla
1606:ethmoid
1591:frontal
1545:in the
1419:Otolith
1402:Saccule
1390:Utricle
1209:Cochlea
1202:General
1069:Malleus
967:Eardrum
950:earlobe
920:Auricle
904:balance
900:hearing
834:3158805
703:Bibcode
550:in his
546:was by
534:History
514:Hearing
500:to the
472:malleus
426:malleus
408:in the
402:incudes
344:Cochlea
337:Saccule
332:Utricle
295:Malleus
260:Auricle
167:D007188
120:Part of
67:Details
3208:Ungual
3180:Cuboid
3057:Tarsus
3031:Fibula
2962:Ungual
2931:Hamate
2875:Lunate
2856:Ulnare
2838:Carpus
2686:Coccyx
2674:Sacrum
2469:Stapes
2403:Palate
2052:distal
2025:cuboid
1972:fibula
1926:Pelvis
1892:hamate
1842:radius
1778:coccyx
1773:sacrum
1766:lumbar
1713:Thorax
1697:stapes
1407:macula
1395:macula
1255:Cells
1108:Stapes
935:tragus
841:
831:
721:
672:
528:stapes
480:stapes
430:stapes
305:Stapes
112:First
3168:Talus
3026:Tibia
3021:Femur
2998:Pubis
2993:Ilium
2829:Manus
2654:Atlas
2637:Axial
2571:Hyoid
2452:Vomer
2446:Incus
2200:Nasal
2180:Jugal
2132:Skull
2112:Bones
1977:tibia
1962:femur
1944:pubis
1934:ilium
1692:incus
1664:hyoid
1654:vomer
1624:nasal
1564:Skull
1543:Bones
1091:Incus
925:helix
863:Incus
566:incus
544:incus
468:anvil
442:incus
438:Latin
434:anvil
414:bones
406:anvil
404:) or
393:incus
300:Incus
214:[
203:52752
155:incus
150:Latin
35:Incus
2819:Ulna
2712:Ribs
2659:Axis
1992:Foot
1915:dist
1907:prox
1852:Hand
1837:ulna
1616:Face
1184:bony
972:umbo
902:and
839:PMID
719:ISSN
670:ISBN
485:The
390:The
174:TA98
162:MeSH
136:and
25:and
3312:Ear
3048:Pes
1954:Leg
1911:int
1824:Arm
1731:rib
1674:Ear
829:PMC
821:doi
711:doi
444:).
410:ear
398:pl.
198:FMA
191:888
186:TA2
3298::
1913:,
1909:,
1890:,
1886:,
1882:,
1878:,
1874:,
1870:,
1866:,
837:.
827:.
817:32
815:.
811:.
717:.
709:.
699:14
697:.
693:.
656:^
530:.
493:.
440::
400::
3240:/
3166:(
3143:)
3136:)
3129:)
3088:)
3084:(
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2877:)
2873:(
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2858:(
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2848:(
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2763:(
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2526:(
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2516:(
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2467:(
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2444:(
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1905:(
1894:)
1862:(
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845:.
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713::
705::
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416:(
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218:]
99:/
96:s
93:ə
90:k
87:ŋ
84:ɪ
81:ˈ
78:/
29:.
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