In vitro fertilisation

2074:; the mechanism of causality is unclear. However, in a population-wide cohort study of 308,974 births (with 6,163 using assisted reproductive technology and following children from birth to age five) researchers found: "The increased risk of birth defects associated with IVF was no longer significant after adjustment for parental factors." Parental factors included known independent risks for birth defects such as maternal age, smoking status, etc. Multivariate correction did not remove the significance of the association of birth defects and ICSI (corrected odds ratio 1.57), although the authors speculate that underlying male infertility factors (which would be associated with the use of ICSI) may contribute to this observation and were not able to correct for these confounders. The authors also found that a history of infertility elevated risk itself in the absence of any treatment (odds ratio 1.29), consistent with a Danish national registry study and "implicates patient factors in this increased risk." The authors of the Danish national registry study speculate: "our results suggest that the reported increased prevalence of congenital malformations seen in singletons born after assisted reproductive technology is partly due to the underlying infertility or its determinants." 2947:. The eggs of one partner are used to create embryos which the other partner carries through pregnancy. For gay male couples, many elect to use IVF through gestational surrogacy, where one partner's sperm is used to fertilise a donor ovum, and the resulting embryo is transplanted into a surrogate carrier's womb. There are various IVF options available for same-sex couples including, but not limited to, IVF with donor sperm, IVF with a partner's oocytes, reciprocal IVF, IVF with donor eggs, and IVF with gestational surrogate. IVF with donor sperm can be considered traditional IVF for lesbian couples, but reciprocal IVF or using a partner's oocytes are other options for lesbian couples trying to conceive to include both partners in the biological process. Using a partner's oocytes is an option for partners who are unsuccessful in conceiving with their own, and reciprocal IVF involves undergoing reproduction with a donor egg and sperm that is then transferred to a partner who will gestate. Donor IVF involves conceiving with a third party's eggs. Typically, for gay male couples hoping to use IVF, the common techniques are using IVF with donor eggs and gestational surrogates. 1856:, and neonatal morbidity with the potential for long term damage. Strict limits on the number of embryos that may be transferred have been enacted in some countries (e.g. Britain, Belgium) to reduce the risk of high-order multiples (triplets or more), but are not universally followed or accepted. Spontaneous splitting of embryos in the uterus after transfer can occur, but this is rare and would lead to identical twins. A double blind, randomised study followed IVF pregnancies that resulted in 73 infants, and reported that 8.7% of singleton infants and 54.2% of twins had a birth weight of less than 2,500 grams (5.5 lb). There is some evidence that making a double embryo transfer during one cycle achieves a higher live birth rate than a single embryo transfer; but making two single embryo transfers in two cycles has the same live birth rate and would avoid multiple pregnancies. 2960:. Literature shows that transgender men report uncomfortable procedures and interactions during their pregnancies as well as feeling misgendered due to gendered terminology used by healthcare providers. Outside of the healthcare system, pregnant transgender men may experience gender dysphoria due to cultural assumptions that all pregnant people are cisgender women. These people use three common approaches to navigating their pregnancy: passing as a cisgender woman, hiding their pregnancy, or being out and visibly pregnant as a transgender man. Some transgender and gender diverse patients describe their experience in seeking gynaecological and reproductive health care as isolating and discriminatory, as the strictly binary healthcare system often leads to denial of healthcare coverage or unnecessary revelation of their transgender status to their employer. 2708:, then this would not be an issue. However, this has the chance of increasing costs dramatically as only a few eggs can be attempted at a time. As a result, the couple must decide what to do with these extra embryos. Depending on their view of the embryo's humanity or the chance the couple will want to try to have another child, the couple has multiple options for dealing with these extra embryos. Couples can choose to keep them frozen, donate them to other infertile couples, thaw them, or donate them to medical research. Keeping them frozen costs money, donating them does not ensure they will survive, thawing them renders them immediately unviable, and medical research results in their termination. In the realm of medical research, the couple is not necessarily told what the embryos will be used for, and as a result, some can be used in 2865:

more respect in their society by taking care of the children of other mothers, and this may be lost if they choose to use IVF instead. As IVF is seen as unnatural, it may even hinder their societal position as opposed to making them equal with fertile women. It is also economically advantageous for infertile women to raise foster children as it gives these children greater ability to access resources that are important for their development and also aids the development of their society at large. If IVF becomes more popular without the birth rate decreasing, there could be more large family homes with fewer options to send their newborn children. This could result in an increase of orphaned children and/or a decrease in resources for the children of large families. This would ultimately stifle the children's and the community's growth.

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Transgender men and women may opt for fertility preservation before any gender affirming surgery, but it is not required for future biological reproduction. It is also recommended that fertility preservation is conducted before any hormone therapy. Additionally, while fertility specialists often suggest that transgender men discontinue their testosterone hormones prior to pregnancy, research on this topic is still inconclusive. However, a 2019 study found that transgender male patients seeking oocyte retrieval via assisted reproductive technology (including IVF) were able to undergo treatment four months after stopping testosterone treatment, on average. All patients experienced menses and normal AMH, FSH and E

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opposition, the IVF ban has been struck down by the Inter-American Court of Human Rights in a decision of 20 December 2012. The court said that a long-standing Costa Rican guarantee of protection for every human embryo violated the reproductive freedom of infertile couples because it prohibited them from using IVF, which often involves the disposal of embryos not implanted in a woman's uterus. On 10 September 2015, President Luis Guillermo Solís signed a decree legalising in-vitro fertilisation. The decree was added to the country's official gazette on 11 September. Opponents of the practice have since filed a lawsuit before the country's Constitutional Court.

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found to be a significant factor in a man's perception of his masculinity, driving many to keep the treatment a secret. In cases where the men did share that he and his partner were undergoing IVF, they reported to have been teased, mainly by other men, although some viewed this as an affirmation of support and friendship. For others, this led to feeling socially isolated. In comparison with females, males showed less deterioration in mental health in the years following a failed treatment. However, many men did feel guilt, disappointment and inadequacy, stating that they were simply trying to provide an "emotional rock" for their partners.

2917:, patients' travel costs, and lost hours of productivity. These costs can be exaggerated by the increasing age of the woman undergoing IVF treatment (particularly those over the age of 40), and the increase costs associated with multiple births. For instance, a pregnancy with twins can cost up to three times that of a singleton pregnancy. While some insurances cover one cycle of IVF, it takes multiple cycles of IVF to have a successful outcome. A study completed in Northern California reveals that the IVF procedure alone that results in a successful outcome costs $ 61,377, and this can be more costly with the use of a donor egg. 1020: 2495: 225:, that can still become pregnant. After the IVF treatment, some couples get pregnant without any fertility treatments. In 2023, it was estimated that twelve million children had been born worldwide using IVF and other assisted reproduction techniques. A 2019 study that explores 10 adjuncts with IVF (screening hysteroscopy, DHEA, testosterone, GH, aspirin, heparin, antioxidants, seminal plasma and PRP) suggests that until more evidence is done to show that these adjuncts are safe and effective, they should be avoided. 657: 11557: 12700: 2470:

corrupting this whole technology", and accused authorities of failing to protect couples from exploitation: "The regulatory authority has done a consistently bad job. It's not prevented the exploitation of people, it's not put out very good information to couples, it's not limited the number of unscientific treatments people have access to". The IVF industry has been described as a market-driven construction of health, medicine and the human body.

1634:. These cells are then evaluated for normality. Typically within one to two days, following completion of the evaluation, only the normal pre-embryos are transferred back to the uterus. Alternatively, a blastocyst can be cryopreserved via vitrification and transferred at a later date to the uterus. In addition, PGS can significantly reduce the risk of multiple pregnancies because fewer embryos, ideally just one, are needed for implantation. 2982:

access to IVF, such as assumptions about decision-making capacity, sexual interests and abilities, heritability of a disability, and beliefs about parenting ability. These same misconceptions about people with disabilities that once led health care providers to sterilise thousands of women with disabilities now lead them to provide or deny reproductive care on the basis of stereotypes concerning people with disabilities and their sexuality.

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Montana, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Ohio, Rhode Island, Texas, Utah, and West Virginia. These laws differ by state but many require an egg be fertilised with sperm from a spouse and that in order to be covered you must show you cannot become pregnant through penile-vaginal sex. These requirements are not possible for a same-sex couple to meet. No state Medicaid program, however, covers for IVF according to a 2020 report.

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Woman's Care Medical Group after Brody told her that she had "religious-based objections to treating her and homosexuals in general to help them conceive children by artificial insemination," and Fenton refused to authorise a refill of her prescription for the fertility drug Clomid on the same grounds. The California Medical Association had initially sided with Brody and Fenton, but the case,

237:, meaning "in glass", is used because early biological experiments involving cultivation of tissues outside the living organism were carried out in glass containers, such as beakers, test tubes, or Petri dishes. The modern scientific term "in vitro" refers to any biological procedure that is performed outside the organism in which it would normally have occurred, to distinguish it from an 1228:, and ovulation would occur between 38 and 40 hours after a single HCG injection, but the egg retrieval is performed at a time usually between 34 and 36 hours after hCG injection, that is, just prior to when the follicles would rupture. This avails for scheduling the egg retrieval procedure at a time where the eggs are fully mature. HCG injection confers a risk of 10309: 3178:

significant extent also with percentage of single persons and median income. In the US, an average cycle, from egg retrieval to embryo implantation, costs $ 12,400, and insurance companies that do cover treatment, even partially, usually cap the number of cycles they pay for. As of 2015, more than 1 million babies had been born utilising IVF technologies.

2763:, which involves charting ovulation times, and allows other forms of reproductive technologies that allow conception to take place from normative sexual intercourse, such as a fertility lubricant. Pope Benedict XVI had publicly re-emphasised the Catholic Church's opposition to in vitro fertilisation, saying that it replaces love between a husband and wife. 1307: 2411:(PGD) is criticised for giving select demographic groups disproportionate access to a means of creating a child possessing characteristics that they consider "ideal". Many fertile couples now demand equal access to embryonic screening so that their child can be just as healthy as one created through IVF. Mass use of PGD, especially as a means of 2570:

State officials allege that performing Suleman's procedure is evidence of unreasonable judgment, substandard care, and a lack of concern for the eight children she would conceive and the six she was already struggling to raise. On 1 June 2011 the Medical Board issued a ruling that Kamrava's medical licence be revoked effective 1 July 2011.

2395:, for example, requires clinics to use a double witnessing system, the identity of specimens is checked by two people at each point at which specimens are transferred. Alternatively, technological solutions are gaining favour, to reduce the manpower cost of manual double witnessing, and to further reduce risks with uniquely numbered 465:

and no live births for those older than 48, the oldest group evaluated. Some clinics exceeded these rates, but it is impossible to determine if that is due to superior technique or patient selection, since it is possible to artificially increase success rates by refusing to accept the most difficult patients or by steering them into

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embryology services, single transfers of all embryos, and one surgical sperm retrieval using certain techniques only if necessary. Drugs and medications are not covered under this Program, along with psychologist or social worker counselling, storage and shipping of eggs, sperm or embryos, and the purchase of donor sperm or eggs.

10073: 9237: 313:. Mukhopadhyay had been performing experiments on his own with primitive instruments and a household refrigerator. However, state authorities prevented him from presenting his work at scientific conferences, and it was many years before Mukhopadhyay's contribution was acknowledged in works dealing with the subject. 1933:(FDA), and reproductive tests to determine the best placement location and cycle timing before the actual embryo transfer occurs. The amount of screening the embryo has already undergone is largely dependent on the genetic parents' own IVF clinic and process. The embryo recipient may elect to have their own 2692:, and on the value that is given to fundamental research questions. Some people believe donation of leftover embryos for research is a good alternative to discarding the embryos when patients receive proper, honest and clear information about the research project, the procedures and the scientific values. 3022:

In Canada, one cycle of IVF treatment can cost between $ 7,750 to $ 12,250 CAD, and medications alone can cost between $ 2,500 to over $ 7,000 CAD. The funding mechanisms that influence accessibility in Canada vary by province and territory, with some provinces providing full, partial or no coverage.

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People with disabilities who wish to have children are equally or more likely than the non-disabled population to experience infertility, yet disabled individuals are much less likely to have access to fertility treatment such as IVF. There are many extraneous factors that hinder disabled individuals

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caused by extended culture leading to the death of more female embryos has been theorised as the reason why blastocyst transfer leads to a higher male sex ratio; however, adding retinoic acid to the culture can bring this ratio back to normal. A second theory is that the male-biased sex ratio may due

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regulations, a woman over 40 may have up to three embryos transferred, whereas in the US, there is no legal limit on the number of embryos which may be transferred, although medical associations have provided practice guidelines. Most clinics and country regulatory bodies seek to minimise the risk of

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Mild IVF is a method where a small dose of ovarian stimulating drugs are used for a short duration during a natural menstrual cycle aimed at producing 2–7 eggs and creating healthy embryos. This method appears to be an advance in the field to reduce complications and side-effects for women, and it is

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federal court had ruled in 2000 that the existing ban on all single women and lesbians using IVF constituted sex discrimination. Victoria's government announced changes to its IVF law in 2007 eliminating remaining restrictions on fertile single women and lesbians, leaving South Australia as the only

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have reduced funding to one cycle, or none, and it is expected that reductions will become more widespread. Funding may be available in "exceptional circumstances" – for example if a male partner has a transmittable infection or one partner is affected by cancer treatment. According to the campaign

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Not only do misconceptions about disabled individuals parenting ability, sexuality, and health restrict and hinder access to fertility treatment such as IVF, structural barriers such as providers uneducated in disability healthcare and inaccessible clinics severely hinder disabled individuals access

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Costs of IVF can be broken down into direct and indirect costs. Direct costs include the medical treatments themselves, including doctor consultations, medications, ultrasound scanning, laboratory tests, the actual IVF procedure, and any associated hospital charges and administrative costs. Indirect

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Many women of sub-Saharan Africa choose to foster their children to infertile women. IVF enables these infertile women to have their own children, which imposes new ideals to a culture in which fostering children is seen as both natural and culturally important. Many infertile women are able to earn

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In some cases, laboratory mix-ups (misidentified gametes, transfer of wrong embryos) have occurred, leading to legal action against the IVF provider and complex paternity suits. An example is the case of a woman in California who received the embryo of another couple and was notified of this mistake

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IVF does not seem to confer any risks regarding cognitive development, school performance, social functioning, and behaviour. Also, IVF infants are known to be as securely attached to their parents as those who were naturally conceived, and IVF adolescents are as well-adjusted as those who have been

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to ensure patient comfort. Following optimal follicular development, the eggs are meticulously retrieved using transvaginal ultrasound guidance with the aid of a specialised ultrasound probe and a fine needle aspiration technique. The follicular fluid, containing the retrieved eggs, is expeditiously

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held the record as the oldest woman to give birth using IVF and a donor egg, when she gave birth in 2004 at the age of 66, a record passed in 2006. After the IVF treatment some couples are able to get pregnant without any fertility treatments. In 2018 it was estimated that eight million children had

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was the only country in the world with a complete ban on IVF technology, it having been ruled unconstitutional by the nation's Supreme Court because it "violated life." Costa Rica had been the only country in the western hemisphere that forbade IVF. A law project sent reluctantly by the government

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said in September 2018 that parents who are limited to one cycle of IVF, or have to fund it themselves, are more likely choose to implant multiple embryos in the hope it increases the chances of pregnancy. This significantly increases the chance of multiple births and the associated poor outcomes,

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and transfer phases, many embryos may be discarded in favour of others. This selection may be based on criteria such as genetic disorders or the sex. One of the earliest cases of special gene selection through IVF was the case of the Collins family in the 1990s, who selected the sex of their child.

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Few American courts have addressed the issue of the "property" status of a frozen embryo. This issue might arise in the context of a divorce case, in which a court would need to determine which spouse would be able to decide the disposition of the embryos. It could also arise in the context of a

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proposed a bill in 2009 that would have defined donor IVF as adoption. During the same session another bill proposed barring adoption from any unmarried and cohabitating couple, and activist groups stated that passing the first bill would effectively stop unmarried women from using IVF. Neither of

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IVF is expensive in China and not generally accessible to unmarried women. In August 2022, China's National Health Authority announced that it will take steps to make assisted reproductive technology more accessible, including by guiding local governments to include such technology in its national

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Biological reproductive options available to transgender women include, but are not limited to, IVF and IUI with the trans woman's sperm and a donor or a partner's eggs and uterus. Fertility treatment options for transgender men include, but are not limited to, IUI or IVF using his own eggs with a

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Many transgender people retain their original sex organs and choose to have children through biological reproduction. Advances in assisted reproductive technology and fertility preservation have broadened the options transgender people have to conceive a child using their own gametes or a donor's.

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Many LGBT communities centre their support around cisgender gay, lesbian and bisexual people and neglect to include proper support for transgender people. The same 2020 literature review analyses the social, emotional and physical experiences of pregnant transgender men. A common obstacle faced by

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In larger urban centres, studies have noted that lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and queer (LGBTQ+) populations are among the fastest-growing users of fertility care. IVF is increasingly being used to allow lesbian and other LGBT couples to share in the reproductive process through a technique

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Since marriage is a contract between the wife and husband during the span of their marriage, no third party should intrude into the marital functions of sex and procreation. This means that a third party donor is not acceptable, whether he or she is providing sperm, eggs, embryos, or a uterus. The

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By 2017, many centres have adopted embryo cryopreservation as their primary IVF therapy, and perform few or no fresh embryo transfers. The two main reasons for this have been better endometrial receptivity when embryos are transferred in cycles without exposure to ovarian stimulation and also the

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devices, with or without morphokinetic scoring systems, are compared against conventional embryo assessment for IVF, there is insufficient evidence of a difference in live-birth, pregnancy, stillbirth or miscarriage to choose between them. Active efforts to develop a more accurate embryo selection

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ultrasound aspiration involving an ultrasound-guided needle being injected through follicles upon collection. Through this needle, the oocyte and follicular fluid are aspirated and the follicular fluid is then passed to an embryologist to identify ova. It is common to remove between ten and thirty

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In 2006, Canadian clinics reported a live birth rate of 27%. Birth rates in younger patients were slightly higher, with a success rate of 35.3% for those 21 and younger, the youngest group evaluated. Success rates for older patients were also lower and decrease with age, with 37-year-olds at 27.4%

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The success rate depends on variable factors such as age of the woman, cause of infertility, embryo status, reproductive history, and lifestyle factors. Younger candidates of IVF are more likely to get pregnant. People older than 41 are more likely to get pregnant with a donor egg. People who have

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is quite low, with only 2,800 cycles per million infertile people in the reproductive age group (20–44 years), as compared to China, which has 6,500 cycles. The key challenges are lack of awareness, affordability and accessibility. Since 2018, however, India has become a destination for fertility

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card and have not already undergone any IVF cycles. Coverage is extensive, but not universal. Coverage extends to certain blood and urine tests, physician/nurse counselling and consultations, certain ultrasounds, up to two cycle monitorings, embryo thawing, freezing and culture, fertilisation and

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The cost of IVF rather reflects the costliness of the underlying healthcare system than the regulatory or funding environment, and ranges, on average for a standard IVF cycle and in 2006 United States dollars, between $ 12,500 in the United States to $ 4,000 in Japan. In Ireland, IVF costs around

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Although menopause is a natural barrier to further conception, IVF has allowed people to be pregnant in their fifties and sixties. People whose uteruses have been appropriately prepared receive embryos that originated from an egg donor. Therefore, although they do not have a genetic link with the

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The industry has been accused of making unscientific claims, and distorting facts relating to infertility, in particular through widely exaggerated claims about how common infertility is in society, in an attempt to get as many couples as possible and as soon as possible to try treatments (rather

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Robert Winston, professor of fertility studies at Imperial College London, had called the industry "corrupt" and "greedy" stating that "one of the major problems facing us in healthcare is that IVF has become a massive commercial industry," and that "what has happened, of course, is that money is

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in the offspring. It is not known, however, whether these potential associations are caused by the IVF procedure in itself, by adverse obstetric outcomes associated with IVF, by the genetic origin of the children or by yet unknown IVF-associated causes. Increases in embryo manipulation during IVF

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The Rand Consulting Group has estimated there to be 400,000 frozen embryos in the United States in 2006. The advantage is that patients who fail to conceive may become pregnant using such embryos without having to go through a full IVF cycle. Or, if pregnancy occurred, they could return later for

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Because not each IVF cycle that is started will lead to oocyte retrieval or embryo transfer, reports of live birth rates need to specify the denominator, namely IVF cycles started, IVF retrievals, or embryo transfers. The SART summarised 2008–9 success rates for US clinics for fresh embryo cycles

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and IUI is allowed. With donated eggs, sperm or embryo, a heterosexual couple and single women have legal access to IVF. Male or female couples do not have access to ART as a form of reproduction. The minimum age for males and females to access ART in Croatia is 18 there is no maximum age. Donor

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provides partial funding through their Infertility Special Assistance Fund – a one time grant of up to $ 5,000. Patients may only claim up to 50% of treatment costs or $ 5,000 (whichever is less) occurred after April 2014. Eligible patients must be a full-time New Brunswick resident with a valid

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Navigating insurance coverage for transgender expectant parents presents a unique challenge. Insurance plans are designed to cater towards a specific population, meaning that some plans can provide adequate coverage for gender-affirming care but fail to provide fertility services for transgender

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Research has shown that men largely view themselves as "passive contributors" since they have "less physical involvement" in IVF treatment. Despite this, many men feel distressed after seeing the toll of hormonal injections and ongoing physical intervention on their female partner. Fertility was

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came to international attention after having twelve embryos implanted, eight of which survived, resulting in eight newborns being added to her existing six-child family. The Medical Board of California sought to have fertility doctor Michael Kamrava, who treated Suleman, stripped of his licence.

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A controversy in California focused on the question of whether physicians opposed to same-sex relationships should be required to perform IVF for a lesbian couple. Guadalupe T. Benitez, a lesbian medical assistant from San Diego, sued doctors Christine Brody and Douglas Fenton of the North Coast

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All pregnancies can be risky, but there are greater risk for mothers who are older and are over the age of 40. As people get older, they are more likely to develop conditions such as gestational diabetes and pre-eclampsia. If the mother does conceive over the age of 40, their offspring may be of

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The ethic issues remain unresolved as no worldwide consensus exists in science, religion, and philosophy on when a human embryo should be recognised as a person. For those who believe that this is at the moment of conception, IVF becomes a moral question when multiple eggs are fertilised, begin

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In the United States, overall availability of IVF in 2005 was 2.5 IVF physicians per 100,000 population, and utilisation was 236 IVF cycles per 100,000. 126 procedures are performed per million people per year. Utilisation highly increases with availability and IVF insurance coverage, and to a

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In certain countries, including Austria, Italy, Estonia, Hungary, Spain and Israel, the male does not have the full ability to withdraw consent to storage or use of embryos once they are fertilised. In the United States, the matter has been left to the courts on a more or less ad hoc basis. If

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Transgender men can experience challenges in pregnancy and birthing from the cis-normative structure within the medical system, as well as psychological challenges such as renewed gender dysphoria. The effect of continued testosterone therapy during pregnancy and breastfeeding is undetermined.

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found no persuasive evidence that children are harmed or disadvantaged solely by being raised by single parents, unmarried parents, or homosexual parents. It did not support restricting access to assisted reproductive technologies on the basis of a prospective parent's marital status or sexual

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injury performed in the month prior to ovarian induction appeared to increase both the live birth rate and clinical pregnancy rate in IVF compared with no endometrial injury. There was no evidence of a difference between the groups in miscarriage, multiple pregnancy or bleeding rates. Evidence

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was rejected by parliament. President Chinchilla has not publicly stated her position on the question of IVF. However, given the massive influence of the Catholic Church in her government any change in the status quo seems very unlikely. In spite of Costa Rican government and strong religious

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Sunni Muslim nations generally allow IVF between married couples when conducted with their own respective sperm and eggs, but not with donor eggs from other couples. But Iran, which is Shi'a Muslim, has a more complex scheme. Iran bans sperm donation but allows donation of both fertilised and

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In the US, nineteen states have laws requiring insurance coverage for infertility treatment, and thirteen of those specifically include IVF. These states that mandate IVF coverage are: Arkansas, California, Colorado, Connecticut, Delaware, Hawaii, Illinois, Louisiana, Maryland, Massachusetts,

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Studies have indicated that IVF mothers show greater emotional involvement with their child, and they enjoy motherhood more than mothers by natural conception. Similarly, studies have indicated that IVF fathers express more warmth and emotional involvement than fathers by adoption and natural

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This results in swollen, painful ovaries. It occurs in 30% of patients. Mild cases can be treated with over the counter medications and cases can be resolved in the absence of pregnancy. In moderate cases, ovaries swell and fluid accumulated in the abdominal cavities and may have symptoms of

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During egg retrieval, there exists a small chance of bleeding, infection, and damage to surrounding structures such as bowel and bladder (transvaginal ultrasound aspiration) as well as difficulty in breathing, chest infection, allergic reactions to medication, or nerve damage (laparoscopy).

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In 2006, Canadian clinics reported an average pregnancy rate of 35%. A French study estimated that 66% of patients starting IVF treatment finally succeed in having a child (40% during the IVF treatment at the centre and 26% after IVF discontinuation). Achievement of having a child after IVF

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dispute between a sperm donor and egg donor, even if they were unmarried. In 2015, an Illinois court held that such disputes could be decided by reference to any contract between the parents-to-be. In the absence of a contract, the court would weigh the relative interests of the parties.

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The number to be transferred depends on the number available, the age of the patient and other health and diagnostic factors. In countries such as Canada, the UK, Australia and New Zealand, a maximum of two embryos are transferred except in unusual circumstances. In the UK and according to

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There may be leftover embryos or eggs from IVF procedures if the person for whom they were originally created has successfully carried one or more pregnancies to term, and no longer wishes to use them. With the patient's permission, these may be donated to help others conceive by means of

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Alana Stewart, who was conceived using donor sperm, began an online forum for donor children called AnonymousUS in 2010. The forum welcomes the viewpoints of anyone involved in the IVF process. In May 2012, a court ruled making anonymous sperm and egg donation in British Columbia illegal.

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protocol. In a standard long GnRH agonist protocol the day when hyperstimulation treatment is started and the expected day of later oocyte retrieval can be chosen to conform to personal choice, while in a GnRH antagonist protocol it must be adapted to the spontaneous onset of the previous

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Abyholm T, Tanbo T, Dale PO, Magnus O (February 1992). "In vivo fertilization procedures in infertile women with patent fallopian tubes: a comparison of gamete intrafallopian transfer, combined intrauterine and intraperitoneal insemination, and controlled ovarian hyperstimulation alone".

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levels and antral follicle counts after coming off testosterone, which allowed for successful oocyte retrieval. Despite assumptions that the long-term androgen treatment negatively impacts fertility, oocyte retrieval, an integral part of the IVF process, does not appear to be affected.

1442:), is a clear example. This Deep Learning software substitutes manual classifications with a ranking system based on an individual embryo's predicted genetic status in a non-invasive fashion. Studies on this area are still pending and current feasibility studies support its potential. 3090:

Israel has the highest rate of IVF in the world, with 1,657 procedures performed per million people per year. Couples without children can receive funding for IVF for up to two children. The same funding is available for people without children who will raise up to two children in a

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may be performed prior to fertilisation to select eggs that can be fertilised, as it is required they are in metaphase II. There are cases in which if oocytes are in the metaphase I stage, they can be kept being cultured so as to undergo a posterior sperm injection. In the meantime,

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of pregnancy of approximately 0.8, and a level between 1.2 and 3.0 ng/ml confers an odds ratio of pregnancy of between 0.6 and 0.7. On the other hand, progesterone elevation does not seem to confer a decreased chance of pregnancy in frozen–thawed cycles and cycles with egg

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provincial government enacted the Ontario Fertility Program for patients with medical and non-medical infertility, regardless of sexual orientation, gender or family composition. Eligible patients for IVF treatment must be Ontario residents under the age of 43 and have a valid

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tags which can be identified by readers connected to a computer. The computer tracks specimens throughout the process and alerts the embryologist if non-matching specimens are identified. Although the use of RFID tracking has expanded in the US, it is still not widely adopted.

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rates for IVF are somewhere between 15 and 25% for those under the age of 35. In naturally conceived pregnancies, the rate of miscarriage is between 10 and 20% for those under the age of 35. Risk of miscarriage, regardless of the method of conception, does increase with age.

359:(ICSI) may be used, where a sperm cell is injected directly into the egg cell. This is used when sperm has difficulty penetrating the egg. ICSI is also used when sperm numbers are very low. When indicated, the use of ICSI has been found to increase the success rates of IVF. 3311:, but is a relatively simple procedure, and can be used in the home for self-insemination without medical practitioner assistance. The beneficiaries of artificial insemination are people who desire to give birth to their own child who may be single, people who are in a 2426:

While PGD was originally designed to screen for embryos carrying hereditary genetic diseases, the method has been applied to select features that are unrelated to diseases, thus raising ethical questions. Examples of such cases include the selection of embryos based on

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in IVF found no overall benefit, and concluded that an apparent benefit detected in a subset of published trials where the control group (those not using acupuncture) experienced a lower than average rate of pregnancy requires further study, due to the possibility of

1902:, The Practice Committee of the American Society for Reproductive Medicine advises that sperm washing is not necessary in IVF to prevent transmission, unless the birthing partner has not been effectively vaccinated. In birthing people with hepatitis B, the risk of 1547:

There are various expansions or additional techniques that can be applied in IVF, which are usually not necessary for the IVF procedure itself, but would be virtually impossible or technically difficult to perform without concomitantly performing methods of IVF.

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in England varied between under £3,000 to more than £6,000 in 2014/5. In February 2013, the cost of implementing the NICE guidelines for IVF along with other treatments for infertility was projected to be £236,000 per year per 100,000 members of the population.

2655:, with the goal of producing a successful pregnancy. Embryo recipients have genetic issues or poor-quality embryos or eggs of their own. The resulting child is considered the child of whoever birthed them, and not the child of the donor, the same as occurs with 1763:, the resultant embryo after fertilisation is inserted in another person than the one providing the eggs. These are resources for those with no eggs due to surgery, chemotherapy, or genetic causes; or with poor egg quality, previously unsuccessful IVF cycles or 1675:

to another aspiring parent, and embryos may be created, frozen and stored specifically for transfer and donation by using donor eggs and sperm. Also, oocyte cryopreservation can be used for those who are likely to lose their ovarian reserve due to undergoing

751:

An endometrial thickness (EMT) of less than 7 mm decreases the pregnancy rate by an odds ratio of approximately 0.4 compared to an EMT of over 7 mm. However, such low thickness rarely occurs, and any routine use of this parameter is regarded as not

2505:

held the record for a while as the oldest woman to give birth using IVF and a donor egg, when she gave birth in 2004 at the age of 66. In September 2019, a 74-year-old woman became the oldest-ever to give birth after she delivered twins at a hospital in

3149:. In August 2017 five of the 208 CCGs had stopped funding IVF completely and others were considering doing so. By October 2017 only 25 CCGs were delivering the three recommended NHS IVF cycles to eligible people under 40. Policies could fall foul of 394:. Due to advances in reproductive technology, live birth rates by cycle five of IVF have increased from 76% in 2005 to 80% in 2010, despite a reduction in the number of embryos being transferred (which decreased the multiple birth rate from 25% to 8%). 2550:

orientation. A 2018 study found that children's psychological well-being did not differ when raised by either same-sex parents or heterosexual parents, even finding that psychological well-being was better amongst children raised by same-sex parents.

193:

was the first child successfully born after her mother received IVF treatment. Brown was born as a result of natural-cycle IVF, where no stimulation was made. The procedure took place at Dr Kershaw's Cottage Hospital (later Dr Kershaw's Hospice) in

2770:, teaches that reproduction has an "inseparable connection" to the sexual union of married couples. In addition, the church opposes IVF because it might result in the disposal of embryos; in Catholicism, an embryo is viewed as an individual with a 2030:

during the first trimester of IVF. When looking at long-term studies comparing patients who received or did not receive IVF, there seems to be no correlation with increased risk of cardiac events. There are more ongoing studies to solidify this.

1341:, eggs are removed from the woman and placed in one of the fallopian tubes, along with the man's sperm. This allows fertilisation to take place inside the woman's body. Therefore, this variation is actually an in vivo fertilisation, not in vitro. 2929:

patients. Additionally, insurance coverage is constructed around a person's legally recognised sex and not their anatomy; thus, transgender people may not get coverage for the services they need, including transgender men for fertility services.

1236:

instead of hCG eliminates most of the risk of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome, but with a reduced delivery rate if the embryos are transferred fresh. For this reason, many centers will freeze all oocytes or embryos following agonist trigger.

1565:(PGS) or preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) has been suggested to be able to be used in IVF to select an embryo that appears to have the greatest chances for successful pregnancy. However, a systematic review and meta-analysis of existing 2442:. It becomes frowned upon because of the advantage of being able to eliminate unwanted traits and selecting desired traits. By using PGD, individuals are given the opportunity to create a human life unethically and rely on science and not by 1752:(AZH) can be performed shortly before the embryo is transferred to the uterus. A small opening is made in the outer layer surrounding the egg in order to help the embryo hatch out and aid in the implantation process of the growing embryo. 2053:

1.24–1.42) compared to naturally conceived infants. In 2008, an analysis of the data of the National Birth Defects Study in the US found that certain birth defects were significantly more common in infants conceived through IVF, notably

2683:

at a time when pregnancy is very unlikely), keeping them frozen indefinitely, or donating them for use in research (rendering them non-viable). Individual moral views on disposing of leftover embryos may depend on personal views on the

2803:

IVF of an egg from the wife with the sperm of her husband and the transfer of the fertilised egg back to the uterus of the wife is allowed, provided that the procedure is indicated for a medical reason and is carried out by an expert

1925:

of Japan decided to block the practice. Hideji Hanabusa, the vice president of the Ogikubo Hospital, states that together with his colleagues, he managed to develop a method through which scientists are able to remove HIV from sperm.

3103:

One, two or three IVF treatments are government subsidised for people who are younger than 40 and have no children. The rules for how many treatments are subsidised, and the upper age limit for the people, vary between different

2675:

until a carrier is found for them. The process of matching the donation with the prospective parents is conducted by the agency itself, at which time the clinic transfers ownership of the embryos to the prospective parent(s).

3359:, the process in which a surrogate agrees to bear a child for another person or persons, who will become the child's parent(s) after birth. People may seek a surrogacy arrangement when pregnancy is medically impossible, when 2921:€4,000, with fertility drugs, if required, costing up to €3,000. The cost per live birth is highest in the United States ($ 41,000) and United Kingdom ($ 40,000) and lowest in Scandinavia and Japan (both around $ 24,500). 3124:(NICE) recommends up to 3 cycles of treatment for people under 40 years old with minimal success conceiving after 2 years of unprotected sex. Cycles will not be continued for people who are older than 40 years. CCGs in 304:

The second successful birth of a 'test tube baby' occurred in India on October 3, 1978, just 67 days after Louise Brown was born. The girl, named Durga, was conceived in vitro using a method developed independently by

2487:

lower birth weight, and more likely to requires intensive care. Because of this, the increased risk is a sufficient cause for concern. The high incidence of caesarean in older patients is commonly regarded as a risk.

8848: 385:

IVF success rates are the percentage of all IVF procedures that result in favourable outcomes. Depending on the type of calculation used, this outcome may represent the number of confirmed pregnancies, called the

3185:

Many fertility clinics in the United States limit the upper age at which people are eligible for IVF to 50 or 55 years. These cut-offs make it difficult for people older than fifty-five to utilise the procedure.

2924:

The high cost of IVF is also a barrier to access for disabled individuals, who typically have lower incomes, face higher health care costs, and seek health care services more often than non-disabled individuals.

2836:) and the specific laws regarding intercourse. An additional major issue is that of establishing paternity and lineage. For a baby conceived naturally, the father's identity is determined by a legal presumption ( 2490:

Those conceiving at 40 have a greater risk of gestational hypertension and premature birth. The offspring is at risk when being born from older mothers, and the risks associated with being conceived through IVF.

417:

A 2021 summary compiled by the Society for Assisted Reproductive Technology (SART) which reports the average IVF success rates in the United States per age group using non-donor eggs compiled the following data:

3225:

All major restrictions on single but infertile people using IVF were lifted in Australia in 2002 after a final appeal to the Australian High Court was rejected on procedural grounds in the Leesa Meldrum case. A

4658:"Multivariate analysis of factors affecting probability of pregnancy and live birth with in vitro fertilization: an analysis of the Society for Assisted Reproductive Technology Clinic Outcomes Reporting System" 1031:, and reinserting the fertilised ova into the uterus. However, without additional techniques, the chances of pregnancy would be extremely small. The additional techniques that are routinely used in IVF include 12566: 476:

IVF attempts in multiple cycles result in increased cumulative live birth rates. Depending on the demographic group, one study reported 45% to 53% for three attempts, and 51% to 71% to 80% for six attempts.

784:(BMI) over 27 causes a 33% decrease in likelihood to have a live birth after the first cycle of IVF, compared to those with a BMI between 20 and 27. Also, pregnant people who are obese have higher rates of 1998:

coping strategies are associated with a higher degree of distress, while the presence of social support has a relieving effect. A negative pregnancy test after IVF is associated with an increased risk for

3939: 3238:

on donations, but generally do not affect sexually intimate partners. However, doctors may be required to provide treatments due to nondiscrimination laws, as for example in California. The US state of

8540: 480:

According to the 2021 National Summary Report compiled by the Society for Assisted Reproductive Technology (SART), the mean number of embryos transfers for patients achieving live birth go as follows:

473:

that did not involve donor eggs and gave live birth rates by the age of the prospective mother, with a peak at 41.3% per cycle started and 47.3% per embryo transfer for patients under 35 years of age.

8522: 2774:

that must be treated as a person. The Catholic Church maintains that it is not objectively evil to be infertile, and advocates adoption as an option for such couples who still wish to have children.

748:. These cells are closely associated with the oocyte and share the same microenvironment, and the rate of expression of certain genes in such cells are associated with higher or lower pregnancy rate. 1711:. Its main usage as an expansion of IVF is to overcome male infertility problems, although it may also be used where eggs cannot easily be penetrated by sperm, and occasionally in conjunction with 281:, occurred in 1978. Louise Brown was born as a result of natural cycle IVF where no stimulation was made. The procedure took place at Dr Kershaw's Cottage Hospital (now Dr Kershaw's Hospice) in 5259:

Heijnen EM, Eijkemans MJ, De Klerk C, Polinder S, Beckers NG, Klinkert ER, et al. (March 2007). "A mild treatment strategy for in-vitro fertilisation: a randomised non-inferiority trial".

182:

into a surrogate's uterus, and the resulting child is genetically unrelated to the surrogate. Some countries have banned or otherwise regulate the availability of IVF treatment, giving rise to

10409: 3209:

unfertilised eggs. Fertilised eggs are donated from married couples to other married couples, while unfertilised eggs are donated in the context of mut'ah or temporary marriage to the father.

3255: 10795: 2474:

than trying to conceive naturally for a longer time). This risks removing infertility from its social context and reducing the experience to a simple biological malfunction, which not only

1630:, are analysed during the IVF process. Before the transfer of a pre-embryo back to a person's uterus, one or two cells are removed from the pre-embryos (8-cell stage), or preferably from a 2872:

has emerged as a symbol of IVF users, possibly because some people thought, without scientific evidence, that eating pineapple might slightly increase the success rate for the procedure.

1767:. In the egg donor process, eggs are retrieved from a donor's ovaries, fertilised in the laboratory with sperm, and the resulting healthy embryos are returned to the recipient's uterus. 526:

Effective from 15 February 2021 the majority of Australian IVF clinics publish their individual success rate online via YourIVFSuccess.com.au. This site also contains a predictor tool.

1462:

multiple pregnancy, as it is not uncommon for multiple embryos to implant if multiple embryos are transferred. Embryos are transferred to the patient's uterus through a thin, plastic

3464: 851:

Aspirin is sometimes prescribed to people for the purpose of increasing the chances of conception by IVF, but as of 2016 there was no evidence to show that it is safe and effective.

5533:

Wetscher F, Havlicek V, Huber T, Gilles M, Tesfaye D, Griese J, et al. (July 2005). "Intrafallopian transfer of gametes and early stage embryos for in vivo culture in cattle".

4764: 469:

donation cycles (which are compiled separately). Further, pregnancy rates can be increased by the placement of several embryos at the risk of increasing the chance for multiples.

10539: 1577:, PGS with cleavage-stage biopsy significantly lowers the live birth rate. Technical drawbacks, such as the invasiveness of the biopsy, and non-representative samples because of 6061: 3254:, and that an 1872 state law allowing parents to sue over the death of a minor "applies to all unborn children, regardless of their location." This ruling raised concerns from 2999:

In Australia, the average age of women undergoing ART treatment is 35.5 years among those using their own eggs (one in four being 40 or older) and 40.5 years among those using

2799:, a general consensus from the contemporary Sunni scholars concludes that IVF methods are immoral and prohibited. However, Gad El-Hak Ali Gad El-Hak's ART fatwa includes that: 2037:

has occurred after successful and unsuccessful IVF treatments. Within 2 years of delivering an infant conceived through IVF, subfertile patients had a conception rate of 18%.

366:(NICE) guidelines, IVF treatment is appropriate in cases of unexplained infertility for people who have not conceived after 2 years of regular unprotected sexual intercourse. 10184: 8852: 11051: 7373:"A systematic review and meta-analysis of DNA methylation levels and imprinting disorders in children conceived by IVF/ICSI compared with children conceived spontaneously" 6585: 3202: 1917:, Japan's government prohibited the use of IVF procedures in which both partners are infected with HIV. Despite the fact that the ethics committees previously allowed the 1622:

PGS screens for numeral chromosomal abnormalities while PGD diagnosis the specific molecular defect of the inherited disease. In both PGS and PGD, individual cells from a

946:. The review found that oral antioxidants given to the sperm donor with male factor or unexplained subfertility may improve live birth rates, but more evidence is needed. 10725: 7749: 2559: 1383:, so the cumulative clinical pregnancy rates are increased with cleavage stage transfer. Transfer day two instead of day three after fertilisation has no differences in 10513: 12762: 2589: 1182:

aimed at quality, and not quantity of eggs and embryos. One study comparing a mild treatment (mild ovarian stimulation with GnRH antagonist co-treatment combined with

1194:

after 1 year were 43.4% with mild treatment and 44.7% with standard treatment. Mild IVF can be cheaper than conventional IVF and with a significantly reduced risk of

10099: 3251: 2457:

wrote that "intentionally culling out blind or deaf embryos might prevent considerable future suffering, while a policy that allowed deaf or blind parents to select

4334:"Added value of ovarian reserve testing on patient characteristics in the prediction of ovarian response and ongoing pregnancy: an individual patient data approach" 2704:

development, and only a few are chosen for uterus transfer. If IVF were to involve the fertilisation of only a single egg, or at least only the number that will be

12571: 3691: 2007:. Pregnancy test results do not seem to be a risk factor for depression or anxiety among men when the relationships is between two cisgender, heterosexual people. 1876:, which was first applied in 1984, leads to significantly more male births (56.1% male). Standard IVF done at the second or third day leads to a normal sex ratio. 1746:

which may be used to score embryos by comparing the patterns with ones that have previously been found among embryos in successful versus unsuccessful pregnancies.

10873: 7986: 8459: 3947: 1848:. This is directly related to the practice of transferring multiple embryos at embryo transfer. Multiple births are related to increased risk of pregnancy loss, 4699: 2553:

Ethical concerns include reproductive rights, the welfare of offspring, nondiscrimination against unmarried individuals, homosexual, and professional autonomy.

728:

using GnRH analogues and gonadotrophins. At this time, compared to a progesterone level below 0.8 ng/ml, a level between 0.8 and 1.1 ng/ml confers an

13117: 5655:"Embryo incubation and selection in a time-lapse monitoring system improves pregnancy outcome compared with a standard incubator: a retrospective cohort study" 3267: 2759:

from the goal of uniting married couples. The Catholic Church permits the use of a small number of reproductive technologies and contraceptive methods such as

2738: 8544: 1954:

heartburn, gas, nausea or loss of appetite. In severe cases, patients have sudden excess abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting and will result in hospitalisation.

1057:

Ovarian hyperstimulation is the stimulation to induce development of multiple follicles of the ovaries. It should start with response prediction by e.g. age,

953:

in 2015 came to the result that there is no evidence identified regarding the effect of preconception lifestyle advice on the chance of a live birth outcome.

10752: 9828:"Assisted reproductive technology outcomes in female-to-male transgender patients compared with cisgender patients: a new frontier in reproductive medicine" 10846: 10212: 9475:"Cultural competence in fertility care for lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer people: a systematic review of patient and provider perspectives" 1895:, the risk that a chronic disease in the individual providing the sperm would infect the birthing parent or offspring can be brought to negligible levels. 6300:"Perinatal outcome of pregnancy after GnRH antagonist (ganirelix) treatment during ovarian stimulation for conventional IVF or ICSI: a preliminary report" 5343: 221:

and IVF, there are many women who may be past their reproductive years, have infertile partners, have idiopathic female-fertility issues, or have reached

1439: 248:

A colloquial term for babies conceived as the result of IVF, "test tube babies", refers to the tube-shaped containers of glass or plastic resin, called

10777: 10587: 10461: 9983: 3481:

The 28-year-old, whose pioneering conception by in-vitro fertilisation made her famous around the world. The fertility specialists Patrick Steptoe and

1065:. The resulting prediction of e.g. poor or hyper-response to ovarian hyperstimulation determines the protocol and dosage for ovarian hyperstimulation. 3485:

became the first to successfully carry out IVF by extracting an egg, impregnating it with sperm and planting the resulting embryo back into the mother

2391:

after the birth of her son. This has led to many authorities and individual clinics implementing procedures to minimise the risk of such mix-ups. The

13143: 11159: 4375:"The predictive accuracy of anti-Müllerian hormone for live birth after assisted conception: a systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature" 3169:

said that funding 3 cycles was "the most important factor in maintaining low rates of multiple pregnancies and reduce(s) associated complications".

3166: 3121: 363: 10814: 6902:"Two new prediction rules for spontaneous pregnancy leading to live birth among subfertile couples, based on the synthesis of three previous models" 4060: 11228: 10355: 10939: 6790: 1610:

Those who already have a child with an incurable disease and need compatible cells from a second healthy child to cure the first, resulting in a "

1425:, there is significant evidence that a morphological scoring system is the best strategy for the selection of embryos. Since 2009 where the first 1103:

When stimulating ovulation after suppressing endogenous secretion, it is necessary to supply exogenous gonadotropines. The most common one is the

2726: 1964:

may also occur if a fertilised egg develops outside the uterus, usually in the fallopian tubes and requires immediate destruction of the foetus.

8673: 5009:"The effects of acupuncture on rates of clinical pregnancy among women undergoing in vitro fertilization: a systematic review and meta-analysis" 1068:

Ovarian hyperstimulation also includes suppression of spontaneous ovulation, for which two main methods are available: Using a (usually longer)

12755: 7324:"Comparative intrauterine development and placental function of ART concepti: implications for human reproductive medicine and animal breeding" 1922: 1322:

to take place. A review in 2013 came to the result that a duration of this co-incubation of about 1 to 4 hours results in significantly higher

9595: 8780: 13739: 9430:

Learmonth C, Viloria R, Lambert C, Goldhammer H, Keuroghlian AS (September 2018). "Barriers to insurance coverage for transgender patients".

8808: 4700:

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; American Society for Reproductive Medicine; Society for Assisted Reproductive Technology (2017).

4242: 2899:

embryos are implanted and a child is born contrary to the wishes of the male, he still has legal and financial responsibilities of a father.

1334:(ICSI). The fertilised egg is passed to a special growth medium and left for about 48 hours until the embryo consists of six to eight cells. 11277: 8215: 1027:

Theoretically, IVF could be performed by collecting the contents from the fallopian tubes or uterus after natural ovulation, mixing it with

11459: 11126: 10565: 9631:"From erasure to opportunity: a qualitative study of the experiences of transgender men around pregnancy and recommendations for providers" 8875: 8256: 5199: 3161: 1930: 1171: 538:(and appearing in the table in the Success Rates section above) include statistics on positive pregnancy test and clinical pregnancy rate. 9298: 5432: 13708: 11546: 4772: 3082:

passed the Assisted Reproductive Technology (Regulation) Bill 2020, to regulate ART services including IVF centres, sperm and egg banks.

1691:

The outcome from using cryopreserved embryos has uniformly been positive with no increase in birth defects or development abnormalities.

10226:

De Geyter, C; Calhaz-Jorge, C; Kupka, M S; Wyns, C; Mocanu, E; Motrenko, T; Scaravelli, G; Smeenk, J; Vidakovic, S; Goossens, V (2020).

9739:

Maxwell S, Noyes N, Keefe D, Berkeley AS, Goldman KN (June 2017). "Pregnancy Outcomes After Fertility Preservation in Transgender Men".

5573:"Neonatal outcomes among singleton births after blastocyst versus cleavage stage embryo transfer: a systematic review and meta-analysis" 4092:"Long-term outcome of parenthood project during in vitro fertilization and after discontinuation of unsuccessful in vitro fertilization" 2596:

Ethical concerns include reproductive rights, reproductive justice, physician autonomy, and transphobia within the health care setting.

2588:

reproduction and family planning is limited. A 2020 comparative study of children born to a transgender father and cisgender mother via

12622: 11477: 10910: 10543: 6613:"Controlled ovarian hyperstimulation for IVF: impact on ovarian, endometrial and cervical cancer—a systematic review and meta-analysis" 4968:"Is aspirin effective in women undergoing in vitro fertilization (IVF)? Results from an individual patient data meta-analysis (IPD MA)" 3965: 3259: 3194:

Government agencies in China passed bans on the use of IVF in 2003 by unmarried people or by couples with certain infectious diseases.

2721: 2546: 8271: 12748: 10957: 6069: 9522: 5975:"Increased live birth rates with GnRH agonist addition for luteal support in ICSI/IVF cycles: a systematic review and meta-analysis" 1170:. This method can be successfully used when people want to avoid taking ovarian stimulating drugs with its associated side-effects. 684:

levels, with higher levels indicating higher chances of pregnancy, as well as of live birth after IVF, even after adjusting for age.

12681: 11472: 7544:

Vertauschte Keimzellen und Embryonen – Analyse reproduktionsmedizinischer Zwischenfälle: Normkontext, Rechtsfolgen, Regelungsbedarf

7542: 3329:(in the sense of medical treatment aiming for the development of one or two ovulatory follicles) is an alternative for people with 2614:

In the U.K., Sweden, Norway, Germany, Italy, New Zealand, and some Australian states, donors are not paid and cannot be anonymous.

1883:

to a higher rate of selection of male embryos. Male embryos develop faster in vitro, and thus may appear more viable for transfer.

1190:

long-protocol and transfer of two embryos) came to the result that the proportions of cumulative pregnancies that resulted in term

891:

suggested that endometrial injury on the day of oocyte retrieval was associated with a lower live birth or ongoing pregnancy rate.

11077: 8237: 6169:"Does severe teratozoospermia affect blastocyst formation, live birth rate, and other clinical outcome parameters in ICSI cycles?" 12728: 12604: 11203: 4720:"Male age negatively impacts embryo development and reproductive outcome in donor oocyte assisted reproductive technology cycles" 984: 11055: 10614:"In vitro fertilization availability and utilization in the United States: a study of demographic, social, and economic factors" 10464:(Report) (2016 update ed.). National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence. February 2013. p. 7. Archived from 8754: 7666:"Practices and ethical concerns regarding preimplantation diagnosis. Who regulates preimplantation genetic diagnosis in Brazil?" 7214:"The longer-term health outcomes for children born as a result of IVF treatment. Part II—Mental health and development outcomes" 6589: 6106:

Porcu E, Fabbri R, Damiano G, Fratto R, Giunchi S, Venturoli S (April 2004). "Oocyte cryopreservation in oncological patients".

3885: 3157:

said that women were registering with surgeries further away from their own home in order to get around CCG rationing policies.

3108:. Single people are treated, and embryo adoption is allowed. There are also private clinics that offer the treatment for a fee. 12857: 12642: 9397: 2756: 2012: 1438:

analysis based on Artificial Intelligence and Deep Learning are underway. Embryo Ranking Intelligent Classification Assistant (

17: 10729: 6449:"Does the sex ratio of singleton births after frozen single blastocyst transfer differ in relation to blastocyst development?" 6141: 3137:

group Fertility Fairness "at the end of 2014 every CCG in England was funding at least one cycle of IVF". Prices paid by the

186:. Restrictions on the availability of IVF include costs and age, in order for a person to carry a healthy pregnancy to term. 13904: 13834: 12874: 11365: 11243: 10517: 10057: 9944:"Considering Decision-Making and Sexuality in Menstrual Suppression of Teens and Young Adults with Intellectual Disabilities" 9569: 7818: 7262: 5790:

Chavez-Badiola A, Flores-Saiffe Farias A, Mendizabal-Ruiz G, Garcia-Sanchez R, Drakeley AJ, Garcia-Sandoval JP (March 2020).

4255: 1298:, it will usually have been prepared for treatment before being frozen and quarantined, and it will be thawed ready for use. 290: 203: 14049: 4527:"Progesterone elevation and probability of pregnancy after IVF: a systematic review and meta-analysis of over 60 000 cycles" 3300: 808:. Ideal body mass index is 19–30, and many clinics restrict this BMI range as a criterion for initiation of the IVF process. 13409: 8980: 7713:

Edwards RG (March 2005). "Ethics and moral philosophy in the initiation of IVF, preimplantation diagnosis and stem cells".

5194: 3839:

Wade JJ, MacLachlan V, Kovacs G (October 2015). "The success rate of IVF has significantly improved over the last decade".

3304: 1120: 11099: 10107: 9238:

Assisted reproductive technologies: international approaches to public funding mechanisms and criteria. An evidence review

7164:"Obstetric and perinatal outcomes in singleton pregnancies resulting from IVF/ICSI: a systematic review and meta-analysis" 3095:

home. IVF is available for people aged 18 to 45. The Israeli Health Ministry says it spends roughly $ 3450 per procedure.

2780:

welcome IVF as a gift for those who are unable to bear children and have declared doctors related to IVF to be conducting

541:

The 2019 summary compiled by the SART the following data for non-donor eggs (first embryo transfer) in the United States:

14008: 13176: 12935: 12576: 10677: 10395: 7639: 5792:"Predicting pregnancy test results after embryo transfer by image feature extraction and analysis using machine learning" 4010: 3961: 3910: 2145: 1330:. In certain situations, such as low sperm count or motility, a single sperm may be injected directly into the egg using 1151: 1130: 1052: 1039:

directly from the ovaries, co-incubation of eggs and sperm, as well as culture and selection of resultant embryos before

1032: 214:

but the latter two were not eligible for consideration as they had died and the Nobel Prize is not awarded posthumously.

10796:"Chandigarh IVF expert helps police arrest Delhi resident seeking sex selection | Chandigarh News – Times of India" 5888: 4280:"The effect of endometrial thickness and pattern measured by ultrasonography on pregnancy outcomes during IVF-ET cycles" 4142: 1515:. A Cochrane review found that hCG or progesterone given during the luteal phase may be associated with higher rates of 398:

been previously pregnant are in many cases more successful with IVF treatments than those who have never been pregnant.

14131: 13874: 12716: 12686: 8637:

Hug K (February 2008). "Motivation to donate or not donate surplus embryos for stem-cell research: literature review".

6390:"Impaired imprinted X chromosome inactivation is responsible for the skewed sex ratio following in vitro fertilization" 5614:"Soluble HLA-G is an independent factor for the prediction of pregnancy outcome after ART: a German multi-centre study" 4568:"The transcriptome of follicular cells: biological insights and clinical implications for the treatment of infertility" 777:

reduces the chances of IVF producing a live birth by 34% and increases the risk of an IVF pregnancy miscarrying by 30%.

8467: 6812:"Incidence of pulmonary and venous thromboembolism in pregnancies after in vitro fertilisation: cross sectional study" 4167: 1906:

during IVF is no different from the risk in spontaneous conception. However, there is not enough evidence to say that

13909: 13774: 12945: 12581: 11729: 9613: 7552: 7519: 6706:"A systematic review of psychosocial factors associated with emotional adjustment in in vitro fertilization patients" 3198: 3138: 2824:

community the concept is debated as there is little precedent in traditional Jewish legal textual sources. Regarding

2408: 1946: 1779: 1685: 1569:

came to the result that there is no evidence of a beneficial effect of PGS with cleavage-stage biopsy as measured by

1562: 1557: 1229: 1199: 1078: 1006: 272: 2973:

donor's sperm and/or donor's eggs, his uterus, or a different uterus, whether that is a partner's or a surrogate's.

2308:

result in more deviant fetal growth curves, but birth weight does not seem to be a reliable marker of fetal stress.

1929:

In the United States, people seeking to be an embryo recipient undergo infectious disease screening required by the

14013: 13713: 13238: 12925: 12900: 12771: 11914: 11009: 5065:"Individualization of controlled ovarian stimulation in IVF using ovarian reserve markers: from theory to practice" 3363:

are too dangerous for the intended gestational carrier, or when a single man or a male couple wish to have a child.

3287: 3061: 2748: 2431:(HLA) for the donation of tissues to a sick family member, the diagnosis of genetic susceptibility to disease, and 2312: 2079: 1907: 1869: 1700: 1331: 356: 306: 260: 175: 163: 64: 10976: 2365:. Studies have shown a decrease in the risk of certain cancers and an increased risks of certain others including 14121: 14065: 13779: 12996: 12283: 12106: 11880: 11539: 11184: 11013: 2107: 10850: 9149:"Treatment-related stresses and depression in couples undergoing assisted reproductive treatment by IVF or ICSI" 7283:"The longer-term health outcomes for children born as a result of IVF treatment: Part I—General health outcomes" 13829: 13008: 12955: 11569: 11204:"Days after Alabama's Supreme Court ruling that frozen embryos are children, one facility pauses IVF treatment" 7894:"Does Advanced Maternal Age Comprise an Independent Risk Factor for Caesarean Section? A Population-Wide Study" 6750:"Risk factors for psychiatric disorders in infertile women and men undergoing in vitro fertilization treatment" 5347: 4701: 3394: 2449:

For example, a deaf British couple, Tom and Paula Lichy, have petitioned to create a deaf baby using IVF. Some

1338: 988: 83: 10891: 3546: 2415:

or in the presence of legal measures related to population or demographic control, can lead to intentional or

406:

The live birth rate is the percentage of all IVF cycles that lead to a live birth. This rate does not include

13854: 13761: 13263: 13112: 12950: 12940: 12664: 12632: 12530: 11454: 8196: 3235: 3039: 2848:

are assumed to be with her husband. Regarding an IVF child, this assumption does not exist and as such Rabbi

2685: 1910:

procedures are safe in birthing people with hepatitis B in regard to vertical transmission to the offspring.

1273:

In the laboratory, for ICSI treatments, the identified eggs are stripped of surrounding cells (also known as

1252: 1246: 1036: 199: 10465: 9991: 9682:"Family Building in Transgender Patients: Modern Strategies with Assisted Reproductive Technology Treatment" 9014:"Psychological adjustment in adolescents conceived by assisted reproduction techniques: a systematic review" 8336:"Experiences with Achieving Pregnancy and Giving Birth Among Transgender Men: A Narrative Literature Review" 5450:"Time of insemination culture and outcomes of in vitro fertilization: a systematic review and meta-analysis" 5388:

Humaidan P, Kol S, Papanikolaou EG, et al. (Copenhagen GnRH Agonist Triggering Workshop Group) (2011).

2767: 2272:, it is plausible, but too early to examine that male offspring are at higher risk for sperm abnormalities. 641:

The main potential factors that influence pregnancy (and live birth) rates in IVF have been suggested to be

13859: 13819: 13318: 12852: 12609: 12525: 11863: 7791: 7670:

Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research = Revista Brasileira de Pesquisas Medicas e Biologicas

4463:"FMR1 genotype with autoimmunity-associated polycystic ovary-like phenotype and decreased pregnancy chance" 3117: 2419:

demographic effects such as the skewed live-birth sex ratios seen in China following implementation of its

2158: 1221: 1089: 10369: 2663:. As per The National Infertility Association, typically, genetic parents donate the eggs or embryos to a 2592:

in France showed no significant differences to IVF and naturally conceived children of cisgender parents.

1178:

to be approximately 1.3% per IVF cycle using no hyperstimulation drugs for women aged between 40 and 42.

764:

As maternal age increases, the likelihood of conception decreases and the chance of miscarriage increases.

14166: 14161: 14141: 13688: 13499: 13472: 12138: 12081: 11645: 10829: 4068: 1566: 1504: 1471: 1097: 863: 535: 10707: 10284: 10074:"Assisted reproductive technologies: International approaches to public funding mechanisms and criteria" 6796: 2563:, was decided unanimously by the California State Supreme Court in favour of Benitez on 19 August 2008. 1403:

1.3) among births having from embryos cultured until the blastocyst stage compared with cleavage stage.

135:

and letting a man's sperm fertilise them in a culture medium in a laboratory. After the fertilised egg (

13894: 13731: 13489: 13414: 13384: 12704: 12669: 12659: 11699: 11581: 11532: 8944:

Drah B (2012). "Orphans in Sub-Saharan Africa: The Crisis, the Interventions, and the Anthropologist".

6611:

Siristatidis C, Sergentanis TN, Kanavidis P, Trivella M, Sotiraki M, Mavromatis I, et al. (2012).

5155:"Fresh versus frozen embryo transfer: backing clinical decisions with scientific and clinical evidence" 3129: 3003:. While IVF is available in Australia, Australians using IVF are unable to choose their baby's gender. 2355: 1822:. Cytoplasmic transfer was created to aid those who experience infertility due to deficient or damaged 1217: 1211: 757: 9147:

Beutel M, Kupfer J, Kirchmeyer P, Kehde S, Köhn FM, Schroeder-Printzen I, et al. (January 1999).

8693: 8301: 8055: 6943:"Spontaneous conception after the birth of infants conceived through in vitro fertilization treatment" 6341:"Number of embryos for transfer following in vitro fertilisation or intra-cytoplasmic sperm injection" 1326:

than 16 to 24 hours. In most cases, the egg will be fertilised during co-incubation and will show two

13944: 13556: 13296: 13220: 12462: 12332: 12290: 12151: 11325: 9680:

Ghofranian A, Aharon D, Friedenthal J, Hanley WJ, Lee JA, Daneyko M, et al. (2 September 2022).

6092: 3105: 2320: 2210: 2016: 1849: 1434: 1108: 844: 179: 10654: 10330: 7574: 1429:

system for IVF was approved for clinical use, morphokinetic scoring systems has shown to improve to

1062: 681: 14151: 13306: 12674: 12198: 12014: 11981: 11873: 11507: 9333:"The economic impact of assisted reproductive technology: a review of selected developed countries" 7417:

Williams CL, Bunch KJ, Stiller CA, Murphy MF, Botting BJ, Wallace WH, et al. (November 2013).

3248: 3146: 3065:

anonymity applies, but the born child can be given access to the donor's identity at a certain age

2881:

conception and enjoy fatherhood more. Some IVF parents become overly involved with their children.

2729:(2022), some antiabortionists had hoped to get a judgement that fetuses and embryos were "person". 2641: 2343: 2284: 2279:

Limited long-term follow-up data suggest that IVF may be associated with an increased incidence of

1879: 1592: 8812: 8504: 4899: 4261: 2045:

A review in 2013 came to the result that infants resulting from IVF (with or without ICSI) have a

14176: 13879: 13744: 13482: 13243: 13210: 13169: 12991: 12986: 12971: 12817: 12627: 12481: 12273: 11966: 11202:

Tamsett, Isabel Rosales, Christina Maxouris, Meg Tirrell, Chris Youd, Maxime (21 February 2024).

9960: 9943: 9919: 9902: 7590:"Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis: Prenatal Testing for Embryos Finally Achieving Its Potential" 4788:"Body mass index restrictions in fertility treatment: a national survey of OB/GYN subspecialists" 3992: 3750: 3482: 3414: 3296: 2760: 2672: 2668: 2416: 2132: 1667:

another pregnancy. Spare oocytes or embryos resulting from fertility treatments may be used for

1660: 1656: 1647: 1643: 1380: 1155: 977: 661: 37: 8913: 7500: 7458:

Marees T, Dommering CJ, Imhof SM, Kors WA, Ringens PJ, van Leeuwen FE, Moll AC (December 2009).

7115:"Infertility, infertility treatment, and congenital malformations: Danish national birth cohort" 6497: 5757:

Chavez-Badiola A, Farias AF, Mendizabal-Ruiz G, Drakeley AJ, Garcia-Sánchez R, Zhang JJ (2019).

13998: 13814: 13379: 13122: 13056: 13001: 12895: 12540: 12408: 12398: 12263: 11986: 11919: 11894: 11830: 11704: 11303: 10958:"Costa Rica Finally Allows In Vitro Fertilisation after 15-Year Ban | Inter Press Service" 10047: 8375:

Condat A, Mamou G, Lagrange C, Mendes N, Wielart J, Poirier F, et al. (19 November 2020).

6859:

Dayan N, Filion KB, Okano M, Kilmartin C, Reinblatt S, Landry T, et al. (September 2017).

5789: 5429: 3798:

Weiss NS, Braam S, König TE, Hendriks ML, Hamilton CJ, Smeenk JM, et al. (November 2014).

3389: 3383: 3133: 2618: 2605: 1950: 1749: 1290:

is prepared for fertilisation by removing inactive cells and seminal fluid in a process called

1183: 1147: 805: 721: 8590:"Destroying unwanted embryos in research. Talking Point on morality and human embryo research" 5302:

Fauser BC, Nargund G, Andersen AN, Norman R, Tarlatzis B, Boivin J, Ledger W (November 2010).

3663: 2913:

costs includes the cost of addressing any complications with treatments, compensation for the

1872:(ICSI), which was first applied in 1991, leads to slightly more female births (51.3% female). 14171: 14156: 13993: 13849: 13804: 13799: 13794: 13789: 13618: 13571: 13566: 13534: 13354: 12520: 12322: 12126: 11801: 8709:"The Alabama Embryo Decision—The Politics and Reality of Recognizing "Extrauterine Children"" 4656:

Baker VL, Luke B, Brown MB, Alvero R, Frattarelli JL, Usadi R, et al. (September 2010).

4332:

Broer SL, van Disseldorp J, Broeze KA, Dolleman M, Opmeer BC, Bossuyt P, et al. (2012).

3696: 3404: 2914: 2845: 2832:(which may be regarded as "seed wasting"), laws related to sexual activity and menstruation ( 2825: 2716: 2579: 2034: 1903: 1764: 1574: 1426: 1134: 1058: 696: 675: 613: 252:, that are commonly used in chemistry and biology labs. However, IVF is usually performed in 171: 10991: 8755:"Pope Benedict XVI Declares Embryos Developed For In Vitro Fertilization Have Right To Life" 4617:"Endometrial thickness and pregnancy rates after IVF: a systematic review and meta-analysis" 1256:

eggs. The retrieval process, which lasts approximately 20 to 40 minutes, is performed under

1092:

analogues) are generally used under close monitoring. Such monitoring frequently checks the

14136: 14100: 14039: 13899: 13756: 13680: 13588: 13578: 13374: 13275: 13253: 13013: 12905: 12827: 12535: 12486: 11806: 11796: 11724: 11719: 11694: 11679: 11674: 8388: 8279: 6984:"Assisted reproductive technology and birth defects: a systematic review and meta-analysis" 6401: 5803: 4474: 4194:"Predictive factors in in vitro fertilization (IVF): a systematic review and meta-analysis" 3350: 3227: 2184: 2119: 1791: 1396: 789: 668: 41: 33: 32:"IVF", "test tube baby", and "artificial fertilisation" redirect here. For other uses, see 8570: 7025:"Assisted reproductive technology and major structural birth defects in the United States" 6900:

Hunault CC, Habbema JD, Eijkemans MJ, Collins JA, Evers JL, te Velde ER (September 2004).

6792:

Drug-Induced Diseases Section IV: Drug-Induced Psychiatric Diseases Chapter 18: Depression

5153:

Evans J, Hannan NJ, Edgell TA, Vollenhoven BJ, Lutjen PJ, Osianlis T, et al. (2014).

4966:

Groeneveld E, Broeze KA, Lambers MJ, Haapsamo M, Dirckx K, Schoot BC, et al. (2011).

4192:

van Loendersloot LL, van Wely M, Limpens J, Bossuyt PM, Repping S, van der Veen F (2010).

3692:"Test tube triumph & tragedy – Nobel for UK scientist stirs memory of a Bengal doctor" 3500:

Gosden R (June 2018). "Jean Marian Purdy remembered – the hidden life of an IVF pioneer".

1719:, since once the egg is fertilised abnormal sperm morphology does not appear to influence 8: 14146: 14003: 13914: 13869: 13769: 13628: 13546: 13529: 13494: 13349: 13270: 13230: 13025: 12976: 12920: 12915: 12840: 12835: 12039: 11996: 11961: 11868: 11848: 11482: 11028:"Fiscal Note, HB 2159 – SB 2136, from Tennessee General Assembly Fiscal Review Committee" 10753:"Health ministry receives complaints against web giants for sex determination violations" 9876: 7857:

Warren MA (January 1988). "IVF and women's interests: an analysis of feminist concerns".

7064:

Davies MJ, Moore VM, Willson KJ, Van Essen P, Priest K, Scott H, et al. (May 2012).

6748:

Volgsten H, Skoog Svanberg A, Ekselius L, Lundkvist O, Sundström Poromaa I (March 2010).

6660:

Sergentanis TN, Diamantaras AA, Perlepe C, Kanavidis P, Skalkidou A, Petridou ET (2013).

5546: 5007:

Manheimer E, van der Windt D, Cheng K, Stafford K, Liu J, Tierney J, et al. (2013).

3326: 3271: 3125: 3011: 2332: 2316: 2300: 2249: 2197: 2098: 2055: 2050: 1873: 1596: 1528: 1508: 1356: 1319: 1225: 1019: 725: 374: 11027: 10778:"To ensure prized baby boy, Indians flock to Bangkok | India News – Times of India" 9681: 8392: 6544:

Lutgens SP, Nelissen EC, van Loo IH, Koek GH, Derhaag JG, Dunselman GA (November 2009).

6405: 6208:

Fauser BC, Diedrich K, Bouchard P, Domínguez F, Matzuk M, Franks S, et al. (2011).

5807: 5390:"GnRH agonist for triggering of final oocyte maturation: time for a change of practice?" 4478: 3598: 3573: 2784:

as there are several characters who were claimed to be born without intercourse, mainly

14126: 13889: 13784: 13749: 13608: 13457: 13369: 13334: 13215: 13162: 13051: 13018: 12787: 12637: 12366: 12220: 11991: 11976: 11401: 11376: 10260: 10228:"Corrigendum. ART in Europe, 2015: results generated from European registries by ESHRE" 9857: 9800: 9775: 9721: 9657: 9630: 9504: 9455: 9197: 9178: 9165: 9148: 9129: 9094: 9038: 9013: 8961: 8900: 8614: 8589: 8411: 8376: 8352: 8335: 8177: 8134: 8114: 8056:

The Ethics Committee of the American Society for Reproductive Medicine (October 2009).

8030: 8013: 7928: 7893: 7870: 7690: 7665: 7616: 7589: 7562: 7348: 7323: 7139: 7114: 7095: 6836: 6811: 6642: 6475: 6448: 6424: 6389: 6365: 6340: 6234: 6209: 5950: 5917: 5865: 5848: 5824: 5791: 5720: 5695: 5515: 5284: 5130: 5105: 5033: 5008: 4943: 4918: 4876: 4851: 4812: 4787: 4592: 4567: 4497: 4462: 4306: 4279: 4121: 3864: 3525: 3434: 3154: 3060:

No egg or sperm donations take place in Croatia, however using donated sperm or egg in

2849: 2766:

The Catechism of the Catholic Church, in accordance with the Catholic understanding of

2428: 2412: 2067: 2027: 1976: 1261: 1257: 1191: 840: 741: 340: 11278:"Bills to protect in vitro fertilization pass in both chambers of Alabama Legislature" 9112:

Whittaker A (2009). "Global technologies and transnational reproduction in Thailand".

7726: 6959: 6942: 6861:"Cardiovascular Risk Following Fertility Therapy: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis" 5272: 5220:"Natural/mild assisted reproductive technologies: reducing cost and increasing safety" 4615:

Kasius A, Smit JG, Torrance HL, Eijkemans MJ, Mol BW, Opmeer BC, Broekmans FJ (2014).

3373:

of another, usually a child, from that person's biological or legal parent or parents.

1100:, follicular growth. Typically approximately 10 days of injections will be necessary. 301:, were not eligible for consideration as the Nobel Prize is not awarded posthumously. 245:), where the tissue remains inside the living organism in which it is normally found. 13968: 13844: 13583: 13524: 13364: 13344: 13339: 13102: 12812: 12807: 12797: 12457: 12376: 12300: 12278: 11791: 11709: 11560: 11434: 11406: 11361: 11350: 11251: 11222: 11134: 10635: 10630: 10613: 10265: 10247: 10206: 10053: 10028: 10023: 10006: 9965: 9924: 9903:"Reproductive Rights and Access to Reproductive Services for Women with Disabilities" 9861: 9849: 9844: 9827: 9805: 9756: 9725: 9713: 9701: 9662: 9609: 9565: 9508: 9496: 9491: 9474: 9459: 9447: 9354: 9349: 9332: 9274: 9269: 9252: 9170: 9133: 9098: 9043: 8987: 8965: 8905: 8762: 8736: 8728: 8685: 8654: 8650: 8619: 8416: 8357: 8169: 8126: 8118: 8079: 8074: 8057: 8035: 7968: 7933: 7915: 7874: 7824: 7814: 7730: 7695: 7621: 7548: 7481: 7440: 7394: 7353: 7304: 7258: 7235: 7185: 7144: 7087: 7046: 7023:

Reefhuis J, Honein MA, Schieve LA, Correa A, Hobbs CA, Rasmussen SA (February 2009).

7005: 6964: 6923: 6882: 6841: 6771: 6766: 6749: 6727: 6683: 6634: 6567: 6521: 6516: 6499: 6480: 6429: 6370: 6321: 6280: 6275: 6258: 6239: 6190: 6185: 6168: 6123: 6042: 5996: 5955: 5870: 5829: 5775: 5758: 5725: 5676: 5671: 5654: 5635: 5594: 5550: 5507: 5471: 5411: 5325: 5276: 5241: 5176: 5135: 5086: 5038: 4989: 4948: 4881: 4817: 4741: 4736: 4719: 4679: 4674: 4657: 4638: 4597: 4548: 4502: 4437: 4396: 4355: 4311: 4251: 4215: 4125: 4113: 4108: 4091: 3856: 3821: 3748: 3644: 3639: 3622: 3603: 3517: 3342: 3150: 2621:

was created to help biological children with a common donor connect with each other.

2536: 2494: 2443: 2324: 2171: 2071: 2023: 2004: 2000: 1961: 1730:. For example, methods are emerging in making comprehensive analyses of up to entire 1578: 1166:

IVF using no drugs for ovarian hyperstimulation was the method for the conception of

899: 855: 688: 286: 183: 73: 10892:"CIDH Extends Deadline For Approval Of Law For In-Vitro Fertilization In Costa Rica" 10129: 9182: 8181: 8138: 8098: 7964: 7892:Šťastná, Anna; Fait, Tomáš; Kocourková, Jiřina; Waldaufová, Eva (30 December 2022). 7099: 6646: 5519: 5288: 3868: 3252:

ruled that embryos created during in-vitro fertilisation are "extrauterine children"

843:

may also play a role in decreasing IVF success rates by interfering with the proper

414:; multiple-order births, such as twins and triplets, are counted as one pregnancy. 13939: 13551: 13424: 13419: 13313: 13076: 12981: 12930: 12802: 12792: 12740: 12019: 11786: 11781: 11396: 11388: 11357: 10918: 10625: 10255: 10239: 10018: 9955: 9914: 9839: 9795: 9787: 9748: 9709: 9693: 9652: 9642: 9601: 9557: 9486: 9439: 9405: 9372: 9344: 9264: 9209: 9160: 9121: 9086: 9033: 9025: 8953: 8895: 8887: 8826: 8720: 8646: 8609: 8601: 8486: 8406: 8396: 8347: 8161: 8110: 8069: 8025: 7960: 7923: 7905: 7866: 7722: 7685: 7677: 7611: 7601: 7471: 7460:"Incidence of retinoblastoma in Dutch children conceived by IVF: an expanded study" 7430: 7384: 7343: 7335: 7294: 7225: 7175: 7134: 7126: 7077: 7036: 6995: 6954: 6913: 6872: 6831: 6823: 6810:

Henriksson P, Westerlund E, Wallén H, Brandt L, Hovatta O, Ekbom A (January 2013).

6761: 6717: 6673: 6624: 6557: 6511: 6470: 6460: 6419: 6409: 6360: 6356: 6352: 6311: 6270: 6229: 6221: 6180: 6145: 6115: 6032: 5986: 5945: 5937: 5933: 5929: 5860: 5819: 5811: 5770: 5715: 5711: 5707: 5666: 5625: 5584: 5542: 5499: 5461: 5401: 5315: 5268: 5231: 5166: 5125: 5121: 5117: 5076: 5028: 5020: 4979: 4938: 4934: 4930: 4871: 4867: 4863: 4807: 4799: 4731: 4669: 4628: 4587: 4579: 4538: 4492: 4482: 4458: 4427: 4386: 4345: 4301: 4291: 4205: 4103: 3848: 3811: 3634: 3593: 3585: 3529: 3509: 3323:

or who has a physical impairment which prevents full intercourse from taking place.

3320: 3218: 2957: 2821: 2781: 2696: 2689: 2664: 2420: 2374: 2362: 2296: 1771: 1727: 1716: 1652: 1282: 876: 871: 745: 737: 348: 11352:

Pandora's Baby: How the First Test Tube Babies Sparked the Reproductive Revolution

9597:

A Practical Guide for Practitioners Who Care for Infertile Couples, Fourth Edition

6498:

Practice Committee of American Society for Reproductive Medicine (November 2008).

6093:"Souls On Ice: America's Embryo Glut and the Wasted Promise of Stem Cell Research" 6021:"Preimplantation genetic screening: a systematic review and meta-analysis of RCTs" 5973:

Kyrou D, Kolibianakis EM, Fatemi HM, Tarlatzi TB, Devroey P, Tarlatzis BC (2011).

5696:"Time-lapse systems for embryo incubation and assessment in assisted reproduction" 4090:

de La Rochebrochard E, Quelen C, Peikrishvili R, Guibert J, Bouyer J (July 2009).

3513: 1077:

menstruation. On the other hand, the GnRH antagonist protocol has a lower risk of

534:

Pregnancy rate may be defined in various ways. In the United States, SART and the

13988: 13703: 13598: 13467: 13359: 13248: 13197: 13107: 13066: 12910: 12515: 12371: 12235: 12193: 12054: 12029: 11953: 11843: 11825: 11771: 11655: 11512: 9752: 8401: 6119: 5436: 4487: 3780: 3589: 3360: 3316: 3153:

if they treat same sex couples differently from heterosexual ones. In July 2019

3078:

tourism, because of lower costs than in the Western world. In December 2021, the

3030:

Medicare card and have an official medical infertility diagnosis by a physician.

2852:(among others) requires an outside supervisor to positively identify the father. 2744: 2705: 2680: 2652: 2648: 2630: 2527:. Even after menopause, the uterus is fully capable of carrying out a pregnancy. 2502: 2269: 2236: 2008: 1990:

Regardless of pregnancy result, IVF treatment is usually stressful for patients.

1968: 1811: 1775: 1760: 1672: 1668: 1611: 1570: 1524: 1519:

or ongoing pregnancy, but that the evidence is not conclusive. Co-treatment with

1516: 1451: 1384: 1376: 1372: 1224:(hCG). Commonly, this is known as the "trigger shot." hCG acts as an analogue of 1175: 1159: 1141: 1073: 1040: 950: 943: 935: 883: 797: 781: 774: 391: 316: 294: 207: 178:, avoiding transmission of genetic conditions. A fertilised egg from a donor may 144: 128: 11524: 9561: 8481:

Motluk A (27 May 2011). "Canadian court bans anonymous sperm and egg donation".

7527: 7130: 5694:

Armstrong S, Bhide P, Jordan V, Pacey A, Marjoribanks J, Farquhar C (May 2019).

5204: 1470:

and cervix. Several embryos may be passed into the uterus to improve chances of

14034: 13949: 13655: 13603: 13301: 13071: 12558: 12385: 12361: 12305: 12183: 12178: 12168: 12156: 12034: 11818: 11689: 11635: 11103: 9443: 8957: 8523:"Donor-conceived children use Internet to find relatives and share information" 8152:

Appel JM (2006). "May doctors refuse infertility treatments to gay patients?".

6877: 6860: 6465: 6394:

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

6316: 6299: 5916:

van der Linden M, Buckingham K, Farquhar C, Kremer JA, Metwally M (July 2015).

5815: 5744:"ERICA Embryo Ranking | Artificial Intelligence for Assisted Reproduction" 4803: 3969: 3409: 3334: 2944: 2853: 2660: 2540: 2511: 2454: 2370: 2366: 2339: 2304: 1972: 1918: 1845: 1712: 1532: 1488: 1483: 1430: 1422: 1412: 1371:). Embryo culture until the blastocyst stage confers a significant increase in 1350: 1323: 1314:

The sperm and the egg are incubated together at a ratio of about 75,000:1 in a

1195: 939: 834: 819: 387: 344: 140: 12567:

The Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women

11392: 10612:

Hammoud AO, Gibson M, Stanford J, White G, Carrell DT, Peterson M (May 2009).

9647: 9549: 9125: 9071: 8891: 8781:"Humanae Vitae: Encyclical of Pope Paul VI on the Regulation of Birth, sec 12" 7681: 7371:

Lazaraviciute G, Kauser M, Bhattacharya S, Haggarty P, Bhattacharya S (2014).

3719: 3574:"The current status of IVF: are we putting the needs of the individual first?" 3274:

voted to protect IVF providers and patients from criminal or civil liability.

2350:

of prematurity and low birthweight. Similarly, an IVF-associated incidence of

1584:

Still, as an expansion of IVF, patients who can benefit from PGS/PGD include:

1251:

The eggs are retrieved from the patient using a transvaginal technique called

14115: 14044: 13934: 13723: 13698: 13450: 13291: 13205: 13127: 13030: 12596: 12510: 12471: 12447: 12356: 12240: 12173: 12044: 11948: 11909: 11766: 11601: 11255: 11138: 10487: 10435: 10251: 10243: 9791: 9705: 9090: 8991: 8732: 8122: 7919: 7828: 6941:

Shimizu Y, Kodama H, Fukuda J, Murata M, Kumagai J, Tanaka T (January 1999).

6704:

Rockliff HE, Lightman SL, Rhidian E, Buchanan H, Gordon U, Vedhara K (2014).

5370: 4718:

Frattarelli JL, Miller KA, Miller BT, Elkind-Hirsch K, Scott RT (July 2008).

4414:

Simon L, Brunborg G, Stevenson M, Lutton D, McManus J, Lewis SE (July 2010).

4296: 3668: 3399: 3337:, since it is less expensive and more easy to control. It generally involves 3092: 3026: 2752: 2566: 2432: 2358:

are believed to be related to confounders of maternal and obstetric factors.

2223: 2090: 2046: 1984: 1892: 1853: 1803: 1799: 1735: 1604: 1512: 1388: 1368: 1360: 1315: 1291: 1278: 811: 700: 352: 113: 11419: 10227: 9554:

LGBTQ-Parent Families: Innovations in Research and Implications for Practice

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Meseguer M, Rubio I, Cruz M, Basile N, Marcos J, Requena A (December 2012).

5630: 5613: 5589: 5572: 5466: 5449: 5406: 5389: 5320: 5303: 5171: 5154: 5081: 5064: 5024: 4984: 4967: 4633: 4616: 4583: 4543: 4526: 4432: 4416:"Clinical significance of sperm DNA damage in assisted reproduction outcome" 4415: 4391: 4374: 4350: 4333: 4210: 4193: 4089: 3816: 3799: 2725:

that cryopreserved embryos were "persons" or "extrauterine children". After

2679:

Alternatives to donating unused embryos are destroying them (or having them

1379:, but also confers a decreased number of embryos available for transfer and 14080: 13660: 13613: 13561: 13519: 13154: 13061: 12862: 12425: 12420: 12161: 12061: 12006: 11734: 11613: 11608: 11473:"US information, statistics, and lists on assisted reproductive technology" 11438: 11185:"Alabama Supreme Court rules frozen embryos are 'children' under state law" 10639: 10410:"RIP IVF? NHS cuts to fertility treatment 'will deny thousands parenthood'" 10269: 10032: 9969: 9928: 9853: 9809: 9760: 9717: 9697: 9666: 9500: 9451: 9358: 9278: 9047: 8909: 8876:"Making Muslim babies: IVF and gamete donation in Sunni versus Shi'a Islam" 8776: 8740: 8724: 8689: 8658: 8623: 8420: 8361: 8173: 8130: 8083: 7972: 7937: 7910: 7878: 7734: 7699: 7625: 7485: 7444: 7398: 7357: 7308: 7239: 7189: 7148: 7091: 7050: 7009: 6927: 6886: 6845: 6775: 6731: 6687: 6638: 6571: 6525: 6484: 6433: 6374: 6325: 6298:

Olivennes F, Mannaerts B, Struijs M, Bonduelle M, Devroey P (August 2001).

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is associated with lower pregnancy rates in IVF cycles in women undergoing

717: 642: 278: 256:, which are both wider and shallower and often used to cultivate cultures. 242: 218: 190: 121: 11410: 11375:

Hope T, Lockwood G, Lockwood M, Bewley S, Jackson J, Craft I (June 1995).

9605: 9331:

Chambers GM, Sullivan EA, Ishihara O, Chapman MG, Adamson GD (June 2009).

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Illmensee K, Levanduski M, Vidali A, Husami N, Goudas VT (February 2010).

5759:"Artificial vision and machine learning designed to predict PGT-A results" 5511: 3751:"More than 8 million babies born from IVF since the world's first in 1978" 2478:

be treated through bio-medical procedures, but should be treated by them.

656: 320:

been born worldwide using IVF and other assisted reproduction techniques.

14070: 13665: 13623: 13541: 12779: 12415: 12351: 12188: 12131: 12071: 12066: 11904: 11853: 11714: 11160:"Alabama court rules frozen embryos are children, chilling IVF advocates" 8708: 8707:

Feinberg, Rebecca S.; Sinha, Michael S.; Cohen, I. Glenn (4 March 2024).

3330: 2585: 1991: 1983:

of infertility itself. Nor does it seem to impart any increased risk for

1899: 1819: 1785: 1600: 1295: 1216:

When the ovarian follicles have reached a certain degree of development,

895: 887: 867: 785: 767:

With increasing paternal age, especially 50 years and older, the rate of

692: 629: 625: 407: 370: 334: 167: 11556: 10540:"Number of CCGs offering recommended cycles of IVF drops 50% in 4 years" 8058:"Access to fertility treatment by gays, lesbians, and unmarried persons" 8014:"A closer look at reproductive technology and postmenopausal motherhood" 7547:. Studien zum Medizin- und Gesundheitsrecht. Vol. 2. Mohr Siebeck. 6610: 6546:"To do or not to do: IVF and ICSI in chronic hepatitis B virus carriers" 6338: 3841:

The Australian & New Zealand Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology

3776:"Fertility: assessment and treatment for people with fertility problems" 1140:

IVF using ovarian hyperstimulation, including gonadotropins, but with a

127:("in glass"). The process involves monitoring and stimulating a woman's 14075: 13593: 13515: 13394: 13189: 13081: 12867: 11813: 11753: 11684: 7606: 7370: 6747: 6351:(8). Cochrane Database Syst Rev. (published 21 August 2020): CD003416. 6339:

Kamath MS, Mascarenhas M, Kirubakaran R, Bhattacharya S (August 2020).

5503: 4917:

Siristatidis CS, Basios G, Pergialiotis V, Vogiatzi P (November 2016).

3621:

Kamath MS, Mascarenhas M, Franik S, Liu E, Sunkara SK (December 2019).

3213: 2524: 2347: 2328: 1980: 1743: 1720: 1631: 1627: 1623: 1400: 1392: 1364: 1104: 991: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 919: 818:

tubal occlusion before IVF treatment increases chances for people with

801: 768: 729: 411: 298: 253: 211: 58: 11499: 10977:"Australian court OKs fertility treatment for single people, lesbians" 10462:

Fertility: assessment and treatment for people with fertility problems

9523:"Shared motherhood: The amazing way lesbian couples are having babies" 6827: 6659: 5941: 5915: 5371:"HCG Injection After Ovulation Induction With Clomiphene Citrate]" 5236: 5219: 4916: 4244:

Fertility: Assessment and Treatment for People with Fertility Problems

4191: 3852: 3800:"How long should we continue clomiphene citrate in anovulatory women?" 1503:, and often accompanied by estradiol, to increase the success rate of 650: 95: 13185: 13035: 12845: 12203: 12076: 11936: 11926: 11761: 11739: 11666: 8377:"Transgender fathering: Children's psychological and family outcomes" 7640:"Fertility is an Equal-Opportunity Issue for Couples – Penn Medicine" 7162:

Pandey S, Shetty A, Hamilton M, Bhattacharya S, Maheshwari A (2012).

5448:

Zhang XD, Liu JX, Liu WW, Gao Y, Han W, Xiong S, et al. (2013).

3749:

European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology (3 July 2018).

3370: 3356: 3346: 3308: 3240: 3079: 2869: 2709: 2656: 2634: 2450: 2059: 1865: 1827: 1795: 1788:

can be used for twinning to increase the number of available embryos.

1539:

as adjunctive medication in IVF have no evidence of overall benefit.

1496: 1327: 1093: 915: 911: 907: 903: 646: 310: 249: 222: 156: 9826:

Leung A, Sakkas D, Pang S, Thornton K, Resetkova N (November 2019).

7811:

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6388:

Tan K, An L, Miao K, Ren L, Hou Z, Tao L, et al. (March 2016).

6108:

European Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology

4717: 3775: 1265:

transferred to the embryology laboratory for subsequent processing.

966: 13954: 13670: 13086: 12586: 12403: 12317: 12295: 12215: 12116: 12024: 11931: 11858: 11776: 11596: 10701: 10699: 8216:"California Doctors Can't Refuse Care to Gays on Religious Grounds" 6018: 5106:"Natural cycle in vitro fertilisation (IVF) for subfertile couples" 5006: 4852:"Assisted reproductive technology: an overview of Cochrane Reviews" 4786:

Kelley AS, Badon SE, Lanham MS, Fisseha S, Moravek MB (June 2019).

3366: 2837: 2813: 2439: 2292: 2288: 1995: 1914: 1864:

Certain kinds of IVF have been shown to lead to distortions in the

1739: 1615: 1463: 931: 825:

Success with previous pregnancy and/or live birth increases chances

609: 289:, the physiologist who co-developed the treatment, was awarded the 234: 206:

in 2010. The physiologist co-developed the treatment together with

148: 124: 11464: 10155: 6297: 6259:"Human embryo twinning with applications in reproductive medicine" 4524: 3465:"World's first test-tube baby Louise Brown has a child of her own" 2078:

Risk in singleton pregnancies resulting from IVF (with or without

13477: 12505: 12476: 12452: 12434: 12230: 12210: 10189: 9679: 9429: 7898:

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health

4331: 4035: 3730:. Educational Multimedia Research Centre, Kolkata. 23 August 2013 3726: 3312: 3263: 3034: 2789: 2530: 2403: 1921:

Hospital, located in Tokyo, to use IVF for couples with HIV, the

1551: 1536: 1417:

Laboratories have developed grading methods to judge ovocyte and

238: 10874:"La Costa Rica católica se atasca con la fertilización in vitro" 10696: 7161: 6809: 5258: 3435:"Louise Brown: World's first IVF baby's family archive unveiled" 1818:, usually that of the person who provided the recipient egg and 1107:(hMG), which is obtained by donation of menopausal women. Other 347:, making in vivo fertilisation difficult. It can also assist in 13983: 13445: 13440: 12343: 12225: 12049: 11971: 11630: 11625: 11620: 9628: 9330: 7891: 6703: 6447:

Lou H, Li N, Zhang X, Sun L, Wang X, Hao D, Cui S (July 2020).

6256: 6207: 5972: 4965: 4373:

Iliodromiti S, Kelsey TW, Wu O, Anderson RA, Nelson SM (2014).

3962:"2006 Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART) Report: Section 2" 2833: 2785: 2507: 2438:

These examples raise ethical issues because of the morality of

2351: 1815: 1731: 1467: 1418: 466: 282: 195: 152: 136: 10940:"Court strikes down Costa Rican ban on in-vitro fertilization" 10225: 10193:. 16 August 2022. Archived from the original on 16 August 2022 9473:

Kirubarajan A, Patel P, Leung S, Park B, Sierra S (May 2021).

7520:"Reproductive Clinic Uses RFID to Guarantee Parental Identity" 6899: 6662:"IVF and breast cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis" 1511:, thereby complementing and/or supporting the function of the 14029: 13693: 13462: 12105: 11640: 11591: 11244:"Alabama lawmakers pass legislation to protect IVF treatment" 11052:"SB 0078 by Stanley, Bunch. (HB 0605 by DeBerry J, Hensley.)" 10911:"Human-rights court orders world's last IVF ban to be lifted" 9556:, Cham: Springer International Publishing, pp. 143–160, 6982:

Hansen M, Kurinczuk JJ, Milne E, de Klerk N, Bower C (2013).

5849:"Recurrent implantation failure: the role of the endometrium" 5743: 5611: 4702:

2015 Assisted Reproductive Technology National Summary Report

4525:

Venetis CA, Kolibianakis EM, Bosdou JK, Tarlatzis BC (2013).

3623:"Clinical adjuncts in in vitro fertilization: a growing list" 3074: 2796: 2777: 2624: 2268:

If the underlying infertility is related to abnormalities in

1807: 1287: 1144:

protocol so that the cycle initiates from natural mechanisms.

1028: 132: 9235: 7113:

Zhu JL, Basso O, Obel C, Bille C, Olsen J (September 2006).

6981: 5430:

https://techxplore.online/ivf-process-methods-and-solutions/

5152: 4413: 3203:

Pre-Conception and Pre-Natal Diagnostic Techniques Act, 1994

3014:

supervised the first Cameroonian child born by IVF in 1998.

2755:, on the grounds that they separate the procreative goal of 1967:

IVF does not seem to be associated with an elevated risk of

1940: 12310: 11418:

Seng SW, Yeong CT, Loh SF, Sadhana N, Loh SK (March 2005).

11127:"Alabama supreme court rules frozen embryos are 'children'" 9629:

Hoffkling A, Obedin-Maliver J, Sevelius J (November 2017).

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Federal regulations in the United States include screening

2771: 2396: 2392: 1708: 1684:

ability to store the embryos while awaiting the results of

1458: 927: 707: 277:

The first successful birth of a child after IVF treatment,

117: 11374: 10611: 10514:"CCGs propose range of new rationing cuts to fill deficit" 10436:"IVF costs to NHS 'must be capped', says fertility expert" 10310:"Assisted Reproductive Technology (Regulation) Bill, 2020" 9198:"European Court of Human Rights: Consent to IVF treatment" 7416: 6543: 6167:

French DB, Sabanegh ES, Goldfarb J, Desai N (March 2010).

6019:

Mastenbroek S, Twisk M, van der Veen F, Repping S (2011).

4053: 3620: 2461:

such traits intentionally would be far more troublesome."

1798:

from a donor egg is injected into an egg with compromised

377:, since the latter is expensive and more easy to control. 373:, it may be an alternative after 7–12 attempted cycles of 12121: 11420:"In-vitro fertilisation in women aged 40 years and above" 9738: 9472: 8374: 7066:"Reproductive technologies and the risk of birth defects" 6940: 6858: 5693: 5612:

Rebmann V, Switala M, Eue I, Grosse-Wilde H (July 2010).

5103: 934:) has not been associated with a significantly increased 12572:

Declaration on the elimination of violence against women

11078:"Tennessee Seeking To Ban IVF For Unmarried Individuals" 10588:"Regulator says IVF cuts put mothers and babies at risk" 9594:

Bayer SR (2017). Bayer SR, Alper MM, Penzias AS (eds.).

9250: 8099:"No Detrimental Effects in Children of Same-Sex Parents" 7457: 7364: 7257:(7th ed.). Pearson Learning Solutions. p. 67. 6105: 4785: 4457: 2560:

North Coast Women's Care Medical Group v. Superior Court

1607:, wherein a fetus is aborted if having an undesired sex. 1581:

are the major underlying factors for inefficacy of PGS.

831:

The number of embryos transferred in the treatment cycle

11377:"Should older women be offered in vitro fertilisation?" 10678:"Discover Infertility Treatment Coverage by U.S. State" 10185:"China to discourage abortions to boost low birth rate" 10046:

Gates Jr HL, Akyeampong E, Niven SJ (2 February 2012).

10045: 9825: 8272:"Octomom's Doctor Tearfully Apologizes, Admits Mistake" 6699: 6697: 5918:"Luteal phase support for assisted reproduction cycles" 5846: 5652: 5387: 3797: 2523:

child, they have a physical link through pregnancy and

1084:

For the ovarian hyperstimulation in itself, injectable

10566:"CCGs warned policies could break discrimination laws" 10007:"Australian attitudes toward sex-selection technology" 9774:

Obedin-Maliver, Juno; Makadon, Harvey J (March 2016).

5488: 3197:

In India, the use of IVF as a means of sex selection (

3165:

which would increase NHS costs. The president of the

2875: 2739:

Religious response to assisted reproductive technology

1306: 714:

have significantly decreased pregnancy chances in IVF.

12262: 9900: 9773: 9251:

Chambers GM, Adamson GD, Eijkemans MJ (August 2013).

8445: 8433: 7663: 5911: 5909: 4366: 12770: 11489: 10542:. Healthcare Leader. 30 October 2017. Archived from 10179: 10177: 9299:"Coverage and Use of Fertility Services in the U.S." 6694: 5104:

Allersma T, Farquhar C, Cantineau AE (August 2013).

4849: 4655: 4565: 3886:"In vitro fertilization (IVF) Results – Mayo Clinic" 3838: 3266:'s bans on abortion prohibit IVF as well, while the 1945:

A risk of ovarian stimulation is the development of

1626:, or preferably trophectoderm cells biopsied from a 1588:

Those who have a family history of inherited disease

1125:

There are several methods termed natural cycle IVF:

11417: 11318: 10516:. Healthcare Leader. 16 August 2017. Archived from 9767: 8515: 8238:"Bob Doctors can't use bias to deny gays treatment" 8231: 8229: 7951:Smajdor A (May 2011). "The ethics of IVF over 40". 7664:Damian BB, Bonetti TC, Horovitz DD (January 2015). 6586:"Japan Bans in Vitro Fertilisation for HIV Couples" 5570: 4765:"Regulated fertility services: a commissioning aid" 3547:"After IVF, some couples get pregnant without help" 1834: 804:, as well as leading to an increased risk of fetal 653:. Optimal age is 23–39 years at time of treatment. 131:, removing an ovum or ova (egg or eggs) from their 11349: 10039: 9548:Berkowitz D (2020), Goldberg AE, Allen KR (eds.), 9005: 8706: 8257:"License hearing for Octomom doctor resumes in LA" 8096: 7775:Appel J (12 March 2009). More 'designer' options. 7501:"Mother wins $ 1m for IVF mix-up but may lose son" 7321: 6014: 6012: 6010: 5906: 5847:Timeva T, Shterev A, Kyurkchiev S (October 2014). 5304:"Mild ovarian stimulation for IVF: 10 years later" 1523:appears to improve outcomes, by a live birth rate 1081:(OHSS), which is a life-threatening complication. 828:Low alcohol/caffeine intake increases success rate 671:that affect the pregnancy chances of IVF include: 155:, with the intention of establishing a successful 13144:Reproduction and pregnancy in speculative fiction 11554: 10815:"Islam, IVF and Everyday Life in the Middle East" 10726:"China Bars In-Vitro Fertilization for Pregnancy" 10174: 10130:"Infertility Treatment – Special Assistance Fund" 9877:"Transgender Pregnancy Options for Men and Women" 9425: 9423: 8541:"Donor Embryo: Online Guide for Potential Donors" 8474: 7112: 3880: 3878: 3793: 3791: 3571: 3268:University of Alabama at Birmingham health system 3167:Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists 3122:National Institute for Health and Care Excellence 2361:Overall, IVF does not cause an increased risk of 1778:can be chosen. It can also be used as a means of 364:National Institute for Health and Care Excellence 14113: 10728:. Redorbit.com. 12 November 2003. Archived from 10211:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown ( 9894: 9398:"Chapter 11: Assisted Reproductive Technologies" 9065: 9063: 9061: 9059: 9057: 8827:"Catechism of the Catholic Church. Section 2377" 8587: 8226: 8197:"State high court may give gays another victory" 7412: 7410: 7408: 7315: 4461:, Weghofer A, Lee IH, Barad DH (December 2010). 4453: 4451: 3940:"Success rate climbs for in vitro fertilisation" 3116:Availability of IVF in England is determined by 2022:Studies show that there is an increased risk of 2003:, but not with any increased risk of developing 678:, with higher count giving higher success rates. 10672: 10670: 10668: 10004: 9297:Weigel G, Ranji U, Long M (15 September 2020). 9296: 9236:Keane M, Long J, O'Nolan G, Faragher L (2017). 9072:""It's different for men": masculinity and IVF" 8451: 6007: 5566: 5564: 5146: 5062: 4707:(Report). US Dept of Health and Human Services. 2956:pregnant transgender men is the possibility of 2902: 2263: 1886: 1491:is the administration of medication, generally 1355:The main durations of embryo culture are until 11241: 10396:"Fertility problems: assessment and treatment" 9901:Silvers A, Francis L, Badesch B (April 2016). 9420: 9244: 8497: 8460:"The Untold Story of Donor-Conceived Children" 8333: 7276: 7274: 6539: 6537: 6535: 5447: 5058: 5056: 5054: 5052: 4608: 3875: 3788: 2976: 2893: 2651:, these extra embryos are given to others for 2531:Same-sex couples, single and unmarried parents 2404:Preimplantation genetic diagnosis or screening 1552:Preimplantation genetic screening or diagnosis 1433:further. However, when all different types of 1186:) to a standard treatment (stimulation with a 13170: 12756: 11540: 10682:RESOLVE: The National Infertility Association 10454: 9941: 9821: 9819: 9589: 9587: 9432:American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 9253:"Acceptable cost for the patient and society" 9054: 9011: 8981:"How the Pineapple Became the Icon of I.V.F." 8334:Besse M, Lampe NM, Mann ES (September 2020). 8329: 8327: 8325: 8323: 8321: 8319: 8317: 8315: 7850: 7451: 7405: 7207: 7205: 7203: 7201: 7199: 6865:Journal of the American College of Cardiology 6446: 5492:Journal of Assisted Reproduction and Genetics 4448: 4271: 4137: 4135: 3993:"Study: Sixth Time May Be Charm For In Vitro" 3541: 3539: 1844:The major complication of IVF is the risk of 1205: 1035:to generate multiple eggs, ultrasound-guided 13184: 11460:Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority 11227:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 10992:"Lesbian community welcomes Vic IVF changes" 10974: 10665: 9961:10.1001/journalofethics.2016.18.4.ecas2-1604 9920:10.1001/journalofethics.2016.18.4.msoc1-1604 9140: 8775: 8051: 8049: 6975: 6588:. Infoniac.com. 21 July 2008. Archived from 6387: 5889:"In vitro fertilization (IVF) – Mayo Clinic" 5571:Dar S, Lazer T, Shah PS, Librach CL (2014). 5561: 5381: 5252: 5200:Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority 5097: 4779: 4327: 4325: 4143:"In vitro fertilization (IVF) – Mayo Clinic" 4065:Society for Assisted Reproductive Technology 3933: 3931: 3495: 3493: 3319:relationship but with a male partner who is 3270:paused IVF treatments. Eight days later the 3162:Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority 2727:Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization 2517: 1268: 351:, in those cases where there is a defect in 10607: 10605: 9392: 9390: 9388: 9386: 9292: 9290: 9288: 9202:International Journal of Constitutional Law 9069: 8564: 8562: 8302:"Michael Kamrava's medical license revoked" 7750:"Of course a deaf couple want a deaf child" 7271: 6743: 6741: 6532: 6345:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 5922:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 5700:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 5110:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 5049: 4923:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 4910: 4856:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 4695: 4693: 4277: 1220:is performed, generally by an injection of 1046: 645:, duration of infertility or subfertility, 390:, or the number of live births, called the 13177: 13163: 12763: 12749: 12623:International Center for Research on Women 11547: 11533: 11478:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 10590:. Health Service Journal. 4 September 2018 9984:"More IVF babies but less multiple births" 9816: 9584: 8819: 8802: 8800: 8798: 8571:"What happens to extra embryos after IVF?" 8312: 8097:Mechcatie E, Rosenberg K (November 2018). 7280: 7211: 7196: 7155: 6201: 6062:"Saviour Sibling Cures Sick Older Brother" 4850:Farquhar C, Marjoribanks J (August 2018). 4520: 4518: 4516: 4132: 3966:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 3742: 3664:"India reveals deep-frozen test-tube baby" 3536: 3260:American Society for Reproductive Medicine 2932: 2722:LePage v. Center for Reproductive Medicine 2625:Leftover embryos or eggs, unwanted embryos 2453:have been very critical of this approach. 2315:, is associated with an increased risk of 78:Reproductive endocrinology and infertility 57: 27:Assisted reproductive technology procedure 11400: 10908: 10655:"Where Families Are Prized, Help Is Free" 10629: 10568:. Health Service Journal. 9 November 2017 10259: 10022: 9959: 9918: 9843: 9799: 9656: 9646: 9547: 9490: 9348: 9268: 9213: 9164: 9111: 9037: 8899: 8613: 8410: 8400: 8351: 8213: 8073: 8046: 8029: 7979: 7927: 7909: 7792:"Winston: IVF clinics corrupt and greedy" 7689: 7615: 7605: 7475: 7434: 7388: 7347: 7298: 7229: 7179: 7138: 7081: 7040: 6999: 6958: 6917: 6876: 6835: 6765: 6721: 6677: 6628: 6561: 6515: 6474: 6464: 6423: 6413: 6364: 6315: 6274: 6233: 6184: 6036: 5990: 5949: 5864: 5853:Journal of Reproduction & Infertility 5823: 5774: 5719: 5670: 5629: 5588: 5465: 5405: 5319: 5235: 5170: 5129: 5080: 5032: 4983: 4942: 4875: 4811: 4759: 4757: 4755: 4735: 4673: 4632: 4591: 4542: 4496: 4486: 4431: 4390: 4349: 4322: 4305: 4295: 4209: 4107: 3990: 3937: 3928: 3815: 3661: 3638: 3597: 3490: 3458: 3456: 1941:Other risks to the egg provider/retriever 1387:. There are significantly higher odds of 1007:Learn how and when to remove this message 11304:"Frozen Embryos and Divorce in Illinois" 10602: 10488:"NHS access to IVF being cut in England" 10005:Kippen R, Evans A, Gray E (April 2011). 9383: 9285: 9240:(Report). Dublin: Health Research Board. 9195: 8671: 8559: 8448:, § "Fertility and achieving pregnancy". 8340:The Yale Journal of Biology and Medicine 7841: 7517: 6738: 5646: 4690: 4566:Fragouli E, Lalioti MD, Wells D (2013). 4011:"Final National Summary Report for 2021" 3911:"Final National Summary Report for 2021" 3768: 2950: 2493: 1859: 1305: 1018: 655: 636: 11201: 10871: 8795: 8254: 7950: 7712: 7540: 7322:Bloise E, Feuer SK, Rinaudo PF (2014). 6059: 5605: 5346:. Infertility.about.com. Archived from 5344:"IVF Treatment Step Four: Final Oocyte" 5217: 4513: 4278:Zhao J, Zhang Q, Li Y (November 2012). 4237: 4235: 4233: 4231: 4229: 3462: 1023:A graphic explaining the details of IVF 664:is associated with better IVF outcomes. 67:, the most commonly used IVF technique. 14: 14114: 11301: 11242:Hennessy-Fiske, Molly (1 March 2024). 11124: 10849:. Ivfcostworldwide.com. Archived from 10750: 10282: 10156:"Ontario Fertility: Funding Explained" 9326: 9324: 9322: 9320: 9318: 8978: 8873: 8849:"Science in hinduism-Test tube babies" 8809:"Reconciling religion and infertility" 8480: 8269: 8235: 7856: 7747: 6453:Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology 6160: 5368: 4892: 4752: 4284:Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology 3499: 3453: 2859: 2808:use of a third party is tantamount to 2573: 2464: 2380: 2013:gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist 1923:Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare 1774:, the oocytes with optimal chances of 1111:are FSH+LH or coripholitropine alpha. 649:and number of oocytes, all reflecting 13158: 12744: 12342: 11528: 11347: 11275: 11125:Walker, Adria R. (20 February 2024). 11054:. Wapp.capitol.tn.gov. Archived from 10989: 10946:. Associated Press. 22 December 2012. 10822:AIME: Anthropology of the Middle East 10705: 10652: 9593: 9373:"Call for infertility care awareness" 8588:Douglas T, Savulescu J (April 2009). 8194: 8151: 8011: 7813:. Durham, NC: Duke University Press. 7808: 7774: 7587: 7498: 6788: 6090: 4845: 4843: 4841: 4839: 4837: 4835: 4833: 4831: 3315:relationship or females who are in a 3073:The penetration of the IVF market in 2732: 1723:development or blastocyst morphology. 291:Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 204:Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 36:. For other reproduction topics, see 12711: 12605:Office of Research on Women's Health 11455:"UK IVF clinics and statistics]" 11326:"Demystifying IUI, ICI, IVI and IVF" 8943: 8806: 8568: 8457: 7252: 5547:10.1016/j.theriogenology.2004.11.018 4919:"Aspirin for in vitro fertilisation" 4226: 3256:The National Infertility Association 1218:induction of final oocyte maturation 1121:Natural cycle in vitro fertilisation 989:adding citations to reliable sources 960: 744:, which are easily aspirated during 343:when it is due to problems with the 14009:Psychiatric disorders of childbirth 12723: 12643:Society for Women's Health Research 12577:International Day of the Girl Child 10356:"Three IVF attempts double chances" 9990:. 24 September 2009. Archived from 9942:Acharya K, Lantos JD (April 2016). 9874: 9315: 8636: 8436:, § "Psychological considerations". 7789: 7423:The New England Journal of Medicine 7070:The New England Journal of Medicine 5428:IVF Process, Methods and Solutions 3572:eClinicalMedicine (November 2023). 3307:of semen. It requires that a woman 2937: 2876:Emotional involvement with children 2688:and the definition and/or value of 2599: 2146:hypertensive disorders of pregnancy 2015:(GnRH agonist) are associated with 1694: 1637: 1406: 1053:Controlled ovarian hyperstimulation 619: 24: 12687:Birth control in the United States 11340: 10812: 10708:"Motherhood: Is It Ever Too Late?" 9166:10.1111/j.1439-0272.1999.tb02839.x 8115:10.1097/01.NAJ.0000547663.85215.a6 7871:10.1111/j.1467-8519.1988.tb00034.x 7255:Infants, Children, and Adolescents 4828: 3954: 2409:Pre-implantation genetic diagnosis 2346:are believed to be related to the 1949:, particularly if hCG is used for 1839: 1445: 1294:. If semen is being provided by a 736:Characteristics of cells from the 608:discontinuation was mainly due to 401: 309:, a physician and researcher from 25: 14188: 12946:Preimplantation genetic diagnosis 12582:Commission on the Status of Women 11592:External female genitalia (vulva) 11447: 8851:. 20 October 2013. Archived from 8446:Obedin-Maliver & Makadon 2016 8434:Obedin-Maliver & Makadon 2016 3199:preimplantation genetic diagnosis 3111: 2795:Regarding the response to IVF by 2498:Normal vaginal canal vs menopause 2481: 1951:inducing final oocyte maturation. 1947:ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome 1780:preimplantation genetic screening 1614:" that matches the sick child in 1603:. It can potentially be used for 1563:Preimplantation genetic screening 1558:Preimplantation genetic diagnosis 1531:+10 to +22%). On the other hand, 1477: 1344: 1230:ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome 1079:ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome 624:According to a study done by the 529: 273:History of in vitro fertilisation 14014:Postpartum physiological changes 13714:Postpartum physiological changes 13239:Assisted reproductive technology 12926:Intracytoplasmic sperm injection 12901:Autologous endometrial coculture 12772:Assisted reproductive technology 12722: 12710: 12699: 12698: 11915:Assisted reproductive technology 11555: 11295: 11269: 11235: 11195: 11177: 11152: 11118: 11092: 11070: 11044: 11020: 11002: 10983: 10968: 10950: 10932: 10909:Catanzaro M (28 December 2012). 10902: 10884: 10865: 10839: 10806: 10788: 10770: 10744: 10718: 10646: 10631:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2007.10.038 10580: 10558: 10532: 10506: 10480: 10428: 10402: 10388: 10362: 10348: 10323: 10302: 10276: 10219: 10148: 10122: 10092: 10066: 10024:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2010.11.050 9998: 9976: 9935: 9868: 9845:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2019.07.014 9732: 9673: 9622: 9541: 9515: 9492:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2020.12.002 9466: 9365: 9350:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2009.04.029 9270:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2013.06.017 9229: 9196:Thornton, Rosy (21 March 2008). 9189: 9105: 9070:Throsby K, Gill R (April 2004). 8972: 8937: 8928: 8880:Culture, Medicine and Psychiatry 8867: 8841: 8769: 8747: 8700: 8665: 8651:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2007.09.017 8630: 8581: 8533: 8439: 8427: 8368: 8294: 8263: 8248: 8207: 8188: 8145: 8090: 8075:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2009.07.977 8005: 7944: 7885: 7846:. Liberation or Loss?. Canberra. 7835: 7802: 7783: 7768: 7741: 7706: 7657: 7632: 7581: 7534: 7511: 7492: 7246: 6767:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2008.11.008 6517:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2008.08.040 6276:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2008.12.098 6186:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2008.10.051 6066:The Daily Telegraph, Health News 5776:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2019.07.715 5672:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2012.08.016 4737:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2007.06.009 4675:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2009.07.986 4109:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2008.05.067 3938:Branswell H (15 December 2008). 3662:Jayaraman KS (19 October 1978). 3640:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2019.09.019 3288:Assisted reproductive technology 3172: 2749:assisted reproductive technology 2040: 1870:Intracytoplasmic sperm injection 1835:Complications and health effects 1701:Intracytoplasmic sperm injection 1573:. On the contrary, for those of 1332:intracytoplasmic sperm injection 1301: 1240: 1072:protocol or a (usually shorter) 965: 566:Positive pregnancy test rate (%) 380: 357:intracytoplasmic sperm injection 261:assisted reproductive technology 176:pre-implantation genetic testing 164:assisted reproductive technology 65:intracytoplasmic sperm injection 14066:Adaptation to extrauterine life 11881:Breastfeeding and mental health 11014:US Food and Drug Administration 10847:"IVF Prohibition In Costa Rica" 10106:. 19 April 2013. Archived from 10049:Dictionary of African Biography 9776:"Transgender men and pregnancy" 9404:. 3 August 2015. Archived from 7965:10.1016/j.maturitas.2011.02.012 7715:Reproductive Biomedicine Online 7106: 7057: 7016: 6934: 6893: 6852: 6803: 6795:. pp. 1–23. Archived from 6782: 6653: 6604: 6578: 6491: 6440: 6381: 6332: 6291: 6250: 6134: 6099: 6084: 6053: 5966: 5881: 5840: 5783: 5750: 5736: 5687: 5526: 5482: 5441: 5422: 5362: 5336: 5295: 5211: 5187: 5063:La Marca A, Sunkara SK (2014). 5000: 4959: 4900:"Factors affecting IVF success" 4711: 4649: 4559: 4407: 4185: 4160: 4083: 4028: 4003: 3991:Neighmond P (21 January 2009). 3984: 3903: 3832: 3281: 3189: 2828:, religious challenges include 2338:An IVF-associated incidence of 1686:preimplantation genetic testing 1595:. This can be used to diagnose 976:needs additional citations for 839:Some studies also suggest that 323: 13709:Maternal physiological changes 13009:Gamete intrafallopian transfer 12956:Zygote intrafallopian transfer 8255:Mohajer ST (25 October 2010). 8214:Goldstein J (19 August 2008). 7518:Swedberg C (15 October 2007). 6357:10.1002/14651858.CD003416.pub5 6142:"Genetics & IVF Institute" 5934:10.1002/14651858.CD009154.pub3 5712:10.1002/14651858.CD011320.pub4 5122:10.1002/14651858.CD010550.pub2 4935:10.1002/14651858.CD004832.pub4 4868:10.1002/14651858.CD010537.pub5 4771:. 18 June 2009. Archived from 3712: 3684: 3655: 3614: 3565: 3427: 3395:European Court of Human Rights 3292:Some alternatives to IVF are: 2884: 2049:of birth defects of 1.32 (95% 1913:Regarding potential spread of 1421:quality. In order to optimise 1339:gamete intrafallopian transfer 1114: 328: 228: 13: 1: 13264:partner-assisted reproduction 13113:Genetic diagnosis of intersex 12941:Partner-assisted reproduction 12531:Social determinants of health 11080:. Eggdonor.com. 31 March 2009 9012:Ilioi EC, Golombok S (2014). 8952:(2 (Winter2012 2012)): 3–21. 7727:10.1016/S1472-6483(10)62195-5 6960:10.1016/S0015-0282(98)00417-8 5273:10.1016/S0140-6736(07)60360-2 3514:10.1080/14647273.2017.1351042 3463:Moreton C (14 January 2007). 3420: 3369:whereby a person assumes the 3262:that the decision would mean 3236:requirements and restrictions 3118:Clinical Commissioning Groups 3040:Ontario Health Insurance Plan 2989: 2686:beginning of human personhood 1707:is injected directly into an 1542: 1367:stage (day five or six after 1247:Transvaginal oocyte retrieval 1105:human menopausal gonadotropin 1037:transvaginal oocyte retrieval 847:of the embryo after transfer. 722:induction of final maturation 12526:Gender disparities in health 11864:Mother-to-child transmission 11276:Davis, Erin (1 March 2024). 10990:Hoare D (15 December 2007). 10975:O'Connor P (18 April 2002). 10751:Sharma NC (5 January 2018). 9753:10.1097/AOG.0000000000002036 9635:BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 8505:"'My Daddy's Name is Donor'" 8402:10.1371/journal.pone.0241214 8270:Breuer H (22 October 2010). 7594:Journal of Clinical Medicine 6500:"Hepatitis and reproduction" 6120:10.1016/j.ejogrb.2003.11.004 6091:Mundy L (July–August 2006). 4488:10.1371/journal.pone.0015303 4250:. London: RCOG Press. 2004. 4061:"2019 Clinic Summary Report" 3590:10.1016/j.eclinm.2023.102343 3145:IVF increasingly appears on 2994: 2903:Availability and utilisation 2856:has generally approved IVF. 2667:where they are preserved by 2291:composition, advancement of 2264:Other risks to the offspring 2159:preterm rupture of membranes 1931:Food and Drug Administration 1887:Spread of infectious disease 1826:, contained within an egg's 1802:. The resulting egg is then 1659:before fertilisation, or as 1567:randomised controlled trials 1222:human chorionic gonadotropin 1109:pharmacological preparations 864:randomised controlled trials 339:IVF may be used to overcome 7: 13500:Traditional birth attendant 12951:Transvaginal ovum retrieval 12139:Pelvic inflammatory disease 12082:Hormone replacement therapy 11646:Reproductive system disease 10104:Government of New Brunswick 9562:10.1007/978-3-030-35610-1_8 8979:Lorenz T (2 October 2019). 8874:Inhorn MC (December 2006). 8569:Beil L (1 September 2009). 8236:Egelko B (19 August 2008). 8103:American Journal of Nursing 7131:10.1136/bmj.38919.495718.AE 3377: 3353:or artificial insemination. 3006: 2977:Use by disabled individuals 2894:Ability to withdraw consent 2108:Beckwith–Wiedemann syndrome 1466:, which goes through their 1162:in a later, natural, cycle. 1098:gynecologic ultrasonography 760:of outcome of IVF include: 706:People with ovary-specific 586:Clinical pregnancy rate (%) 536:Centers for Disease Control 174:, and, in combination with 10: 14193: 13732:Brain health and pollution 12633:Black Women's Health Study 11700:Complications of pregnancy 11102:. Tnep.org. Archived from 10872:Murillo Á (12 July 2011). 10828:(1): 37–45. Archived from 10370:"IVF, provrörsbefruktning" 9444:10.1016/j.ajog.2018.04.046 8958:10.2979/africatoday.59.2.3 8154:The Hastings Center Report 7748:Lawson D (11 March 2008). 7281:Hart R, Norman RJ (2013). 7212:Hart R, Norman RJ (2013). 6878:10.1016/j.jacc.2017.07.753 6466:10.1186/s12958-020-00623-x 6144:. Givf.com. Archived from 5816:10.1038/s41598-020-61357-9 5369:Kovacs P (23 April 2004). 4804:10.1007/s10815-019-01448-3 3301:intracervical insemination 3285: 2736: 2628: 2617:In 2000, a website called 2603: 2577: 2545:A 2009 statement from the 2534: 2385: 2356:attention-deficit disorder 1641: 1555: 1481: 1449: 1410: 1348: 1244: 1212:Final maturation induction 1209: 1206:Final maturation induction 1118: 1050: 332: 270: 266: 31: 14132:Female genital procedures 14093: 14058: 14022: 13976: 13967: 13945:Chorionic villus sampling 13927: 13722: 13679: 13648: 13641: 13508: 13433: 13402: 13393: 13327: 13297:Obstetric ultrasonography 13284: 13229: 13221:Pre-conception counseling 13196: 13136: 13118:Religious response to ART 13095: 13044: 12964: 12883: 12826: 12778: 12694: 12651: 12610:Women's Health Initiative 12595: 12557: 12548: 12497: 12463:Major depressive disorder 12331: 12291:Intimate partner violence 12253: 12152:Female genital mutilation 12147: 12096: 12005: 11947: 11893: 11839: 11752: 11665: 11654: 11580: 11567: 11493: 11427:Singapore Medical Journal 11393:10.1136/bmj.310.6992.1455 11302:Knight RD (30 May 2020). 10706:Appel JS (15 July 2009). 10100:"Medicare and Drug Plans" 10052:. OUP USA. pp. 25–. 9741:Obstetrics and Gynecology 9648:10.1186/s12884-017-1491-5 9126:10.1080/10357820903154101 9018:Human Reproduction Update 8892:10.1007/s11013-006-9027-x 8543:. RESOLVE. Archived from 7682:10.1590/1414-431X20144083 7377:Human Reproduction Update 7328:Human Reproduction Update 7287:Human Reproduction Update 7253:Berk LE (December 2010). 7218:Human Reproduction Update 7168:Human Reproduction Update 6988:Human Reproduction Update 6710:Human Reproduction Update 6666:Human Reproduction Update 6617:Human Reproduction Update 6214:Human Reproduction Update 6025:Human Reproduction Update 5979:Human Reproduction Update 5577:Human Reproduction Update 5454:Human Reproduction Update 5394:Human Reproduction Update 5159:Human Reproduction Update 5069:Human Reproduction Update 5013:Human Reproduction Update 4972:Human Reproduction Update 4621:Human Reproduction Update 4572:Human Reproduction Update 4531:Human Reproduction Update 4379:Human Reproduction Update 4338:Human Reproduction Update 4198:Human Reproduction Update 3305:intrauterine insemination 3147:NHS treatments blacklists 3098: 3085: 3017: 2518:Pregnancy after menopause 2211:small for gestational age 1937:conduct further testing. 1850:obstetrical complications 1703:(ICSI) is where a single 1435:time-lapse embryo imaging 1269:Egg and sperm preparation 956: 293:in 2010. His co-workers, 92: 82: 72: 56: 51: 13835:Intrahepatic cholestasis 12936:Ovarian hyperstimulation 12199:Gynaecological disorders 12015:Culture and menstruation 11982:Contraceptive prevalence 11874:Compulsory sterilization 10653:Kraft D (17 July 2011). 10331:"In Vitro Fertilization" 9792:10.1177/1753495X15612658 9091:10.1177/1097184X03260958 6317:10.1093/humrep/16.8.1588 6060:Britten N (7 May 2011). 4297:10.1186/1477-7827-10-100 3999:. National Public Radio. 3249:Supreme Court of Alabama 3231:state maintaining them. 3068: 3046: 2690:potential future persons 2642:third party reproduction 2590:donor sperm insemination 2344:neurodevelopmental delay 2285:impaired fasting glucose 1880:Epigenetic modifications 1593:prenatal sex discernment 1318:in order for the actual 1152:ovarian hyperstimulation 1131:ovarian hyperstimulation 1047:Ovarian hyperstimulation 1033:ovarian hyperstimulation 886:came to the result that 720:elevation on the day of 13905:Motor vehicle emissions 13766:Concomitant conditions 13740:environmental toxicants 13483:Auxiliary nurse midwife 13244:artificial insemination 13211:Natural family planning 12972:Artificial insemination 12818:Male infertility crisis 12482:Urinary tract infection 12274:Abuse during childbirth 10618:Fertility and Sterility 10232:Human Reproduction Open 10011:Fertility and Sterility 9832:Fertility and Sterility 9550:"Gay Men and Surrogacy" 9479:Fertility and Sterility 9337:Fertility and Sterility 9257:Fertility and Sterility 8807:Dain A (30 July 2009). 8639:Fertility and Sterility 8242:San Francisco Chronicle 8195:Dolan M (29 May 2008). 8062:Fertility and Sterility 8012:Parks JA (April 1996). 7842:Dietrich H (May 1986). 7588:Stern HJ (March 2014). 6947:Fertility and Sterility 6754:Fertility and Sterility 6504:Fertility and Sterility 6415:10.1073/pnas.1523538113 6263:Fertility and Sterility 6173:Fertility and Sterility 5763:Fertility and Sterility 5659:Fertility and Sterility 5218:Nargund G (July 2009). 4769:Department of Health UK 4724:Fertility and Sterility 4662:Fertility and Sterility 4096:Fertility and Sterility 4015:National Summary Report 3915:National Summary Report 3781:NICE clinical guideline 3627:Fertility and Sterility 3415:Test Tube Babies (film) 3297:Artificial insemination 2933:Use by LGBT individuals 2907: 2842:rov bi'ot achar ha'baal 2761:natural family planning 2673:embryo cryopreservation 2669:oocyte cryopreservation 2133:ante-partum haemorrhage 1898:If the sperm donor has 1661:embryo cryopreservation 1657:oocyte cryopreservation 1648:Embryo cryopreservation 1644:Oocyte cryopreservation 1381:embryo cryopreservation 1359:(day two to four after 1156:embryo cryopreservation 1129:IVF using no drugs for 1096:level and, by means of 662:triple-line endometrium 38:artificial insemination 14122:In vitro fertilisation 13999:Postpartum confinement 13259:in vitro fertilisation 13123:Mitochondrial donation 13057:Donor Sibling Registry 12896:Assisted zona hatching 12885:In vitro fertilisation 12399:Cardiovascular disease 11987:Contraceptive security 11920:In vitro fertilization 11831:Postpartum confinement 11705:Hyperemesis gravidarum 11010:"21 CFR 1271.90(a)(2)" 10244:10.1093/hropen/hoaa038 9698:10.1089/trgh.2021.0210 8934:Tzitz Eliezer 9 p. 247 8725:10.1001/jama.2024.3559 7911:10.3390/ijerph20010668 7267:– via VitalBook. 6510:(5 Suppl): S226–S235. 3390:Evans v United Kingdom 3384:Semen cryopreservation 3201:) is banned under the 3033:In December 2015, the 2715:In February 2024, the 2619:Donor Sibling Registry 2606:Donor conceived person 2499: 1979:when neutralising the 1750:Assisted zona hatching 1726:Additional methods of 1311: 1184:single embryo transfer 1148:Frozen embryo transfer 1063:anti-Müllerian hormone 1024: 806:congenital abnormality 682:Anti-Müllerian hormone 665: 106:In vitro fertilisation 52:In vitro fertilisation 18:In-vitro fertilization 13994:Postpartum depression 13875:Pruritic folliculitis 13619:Unassisted childbirth 12521:Healthcare inequality 12323:Gender discrimination 12127:Human papilloma virus 11802:Vesicovaginal fistula 10285:"IVF: Fertile Ground" 10134:Service New Brunswick 10078:Health Research Board 9994:on 24 September 2009. 9948:AMA Journal of Ethics 9907:AMA Journal of Ethics 9606:10.4324/9781351241496 9079:Men and Masculinities 9030:10.1093/humupd/dmu051 8829:. Rome: Vatican. 1993 8606:10.1038/embor.2009.54 8491:10.1038/news.2011.329 8166:10.1353/hcr.2006.0053 7790:Jha A (31 May 2007). 7477:10.1093/humrep/dep335 7436:10.1056/NEJMoa1301675 7390:10.1093/humupd/dmu033 7340:10.1093/humupd/dmu032 7300:10.1093/humupd/dms062 7231:10.1093/humupd/dmt002 7181:10.1093/humupd/dms018 7083:10.1056/NEJMoa1008095 7042:10.1093/humrep/den387 7001:10.1093/humupd/dmt006 6919:10.1093/humrep/deh365 6723:10.1093/humupd/dmu010 6679:10.1093/humupd/dmt034 6630:10.1093/humupd/dms051 6563:10.1093/humrep/dep258 6226:10.1093/humupd/dmr033 6038:10.1093/humupd/dmr003 5992:10.1093/humupd/dmr029 5631:10.1093/humrep/deq120 5590:10.1093/humupd/dmu001 5467:10.1093/humupd/dmt036 5407:10.1093/humupd/dmr008 5321:10.1093/humrep/deq247 5172:10.1093/humupd/dmu027 5082:10.1093/humupd/dmt037 5025:10.1093/humupd/dmt026 4985:10.1093/humupd/dmr007 4792:J Assist Reprod Genet 4634:10.1093/humupd/dmu011 4584:10.1093/humupd/dmt044 4544:10.1093/humupd/dmt014 4433:10.1093/humrep/deq103 4392:10.1093/humupd/dmu003 4351:10.1093/humupd/dms041 4211:10.1093/humupd/dmq015 3817:10.1093/humrep/deu215 3405:Stem cell controversy 3349:, and is followed by 3286:Further information: 2915:gestational surrogate 2747:opposes all kinds of 2717:Alabama Supreme Court 2629:Further information: 2604:Further information: 2580:Transgender pregnancy 2497: 2321:Prader–Willi syndrome 2276:naturally conceived. 2035:Spontaneous pregnancy 1904:vertical transmission 1860:Sex ratio distortions 1765:advanced maternal age 1663:after fertilisation. 1575:advanced maternal age 1427:time-lapse microscopy 1411:Further information: 1310:Demonstration of ICSI 1309: 1245:Further information: 1210:Further information: 1135:ovulation suppression 1059:antral follicle count 1022: 697:advanced maternal age 691:as measured, e.g. by 676:Antral follicle count 659: 637:Predictors of success 614:spontaneous pregnancy 355:; in such situations 333:Further information: 243:in vivo fertilisation 172:gestational surrogacy 14101:Gravidity and parity 14081:Congenital disorders 14040:Lactation consultant 13910:Pre-existing disease 13589:Childbirth positions 13579:Rupture of membranes 13276:Unintended pregnancy 13254:fertility medication 13014:Reproductive surgery 12906:Cytoplasmic transfer 12836:Estrogen antagonists 12828:Fertility medication 12628:Nurses' Health Study 12536:Reproductive justice 12487:Urinary incontinence 12107:Sexually transmitted 11962:Intrauterine devices 11807:Rectovaginal fistula 11797:Obstetrical fistulae 11725:Gestational diabetes 11720:Obstetrical bleeding 11695:Adolescent pregnancy 11680:Gravidity and parity 11675:Unintended pregnancy 11100:"Legislative Update" 10964:. 15 September 2015. 9438:(3): 272.e1–272.e4. 9379:. 23 September 2009. 9114:Asian Studies Review 8672:Lemonick MD (1999). 8529:. 26 September 2011. 7844:IVF: what can we do? 7644:www.pennmedicine.org 6799:on 23 December 2010. 6592:on 19 September 2013 6114:(Suppl 1): S14–S16. 4267:on 15 November 2010. 4172:www.marchofdimes.org 3393:, a key case at the 3244:these bills passed. 2317:imprinting disorders 2287:, increase in total 2185:gestational diabetes 2120:congenital anomalies 2056:septal heart defects 1792:Cytoplasmic transfer 1715:. It can be used in 1655:can be performed as 1397:congenital anomalies 985:improve this article 942:in IVF according to 800:and problems during 790:gestational diabetes 771:formation decreases. 710:genotypes including 307:Subhash Mukhopadhyay 143:for 2–6 days, it is 42:synthetic fertilizer 34:IVF (disambiguation) 14004:Sex after pregnancy 13811:Endocrine diseases 13757:Prenatal depression 13629:Placental expulsion 13547:Uterine contraction 13530:cervical effacement 13271:Fertility awareness 13026:Selective reduction 12977:Ovulation induction 12921:In vitro maturation 12916:Gestational carrier 12841:aromatase inhibitor 12541:Women's empowerment 12409:Alzheimer's disease 12040:Cloth menstrual pad 11997:Fertility awareness 11967:Oral contraceptives 11849:Perinatal mortality 11387:(6992): 1455–1458. 11191:. 20 February 2024. 10979:. Associated Press. 10898:. 24 February 2011. 10896:insidecostarica.com 10784:. 27 December 2010. 10546:on 26 December 2017 10468:on 17 February 2017 10398:. 20 February 2013. 9408:on 25 November 2021 9215:10.1093/icon/mon001 8815:on 4 November 2013. 8765:on 29 December 2008 8547:on 19 February 2013 8393:2020PLoSO..1541214C 8259:. Associated Press. 8220:Wall Street Journal 7541:Jäschke ML (2020). 6406:2016PNAS..113.3197T 5808:2020NatSR..10.4394C 5435:9 June 2023 at the 5350:on 18 November 2012 5195:"Natural cycle IVF" 4904:IVF-infertility.com 4479:2010PLoSO...515303G 3327:Ovulation induction 3272:Alabama legislature 3151:discrimination laws 3012:Ernestine Gwet Bell 2951:Transgender parents 2860:Society and culture 2574:Transgender parents 2465:Industry corruption 2381:Controversial cases 2333:confidence interval 2301:clinical depression 2250:perinatal mortality 2198:induction of labour 2083: 2051:confidence interval 1874:Blastocyst transfer 1597:monogenic disorders 1529:confidence interval 1277:) and prepared for 1226:luteinising hormone 879:and other factors. 726:ovarian stimulation 505:Mean # of transfers 443:Live birth rate (%) 375:ovulation induction 285:, Oldham, England. 241:procedure (such as 198:, Oldham, England. 40:. For farming, see 14167:1977 introductions 14162:British inventions 14142:Fertility medicine 13780:Hypercoagulability 13609:Natural childbirth 13458:Postterm pregnancy 13216:Male contraceptive 13052:Donor registration 13019:Vasectomy reversal 12638:Cartwright Inquiry 12549:Politics, research 12367:Endometrial cancer 12221:Sexual intercourse 11992:Planned parenthood 11977:Male contraceptive 11330:Seattle Sperm Bank 11106:on 7 February 2008 10800:The Times of India 10782:The Times of India 10659:The New York Times 10110:on 5 December 2019 9780:Obstetric Medicine 9686:Transgender Health 9529:. 14 February 2018 8984:The New York Times 8759:Medical news today 8464:Christianity Today 7993:. 6 September 2019 7607:10.3390/jcm3010280 7464:Human Reproduction 7029:Human Reproduction 6906:Human Reproduction 6550:Human Reproduction 6304:Human Reproduction 6095:. Motherjones.com. 5893:www.mayoclinic.org 5796:Scientific Reports 5618:Human Reproduction 5504:10.1007/BF01204109 5308:Human Reproduction 4775:on 3 January 2011. 4420:Human Reproduction 4147:www.mayoclinic.org 4071:on 4 February 2020 3944:The Canadian Press 3890:www.mayoclinic.org 3804:Human Reproduction 3155:Jackie Doyle-Price 2986:to receiving IVF. 2850:Eliezer Waldenberg 2733:Religious response 2500: 2429:histocompatibility 2413:population control 2299:, early adulthood 2077: 2068:esophageal atresia 2028:pulmonary embolism 1977:endometrial cancer 1312: 1262:general anesthesia 1258:conscious sedation 1196:multiple gestation 1174:has estimated the 1137:may still be used. 1133:, while drugs for 1025: 841:autoimmune disease 742:membrana granulosa 666: 362:According to UK's 341:female infertility 112:) is a process of 14109: 14108: 14094:Obstetric history 14089: 14088: 14050:Confinement nanny 13963: 13962: 13830:Acute fatty liver 13637: 13636: 13525:cervical dilation 13152: 13151: 13103:Accidental incest 12813:Fertility tourism 12808:Fertility testing 12738: 12737: 12618: 12617: 12443: 12442: 12394: 12393: 12377:Papanicolaou test 12333:Non-communicable 12301:Sexual harassment 12279:Domestic violence 12249: 12248: 12092: 12091: 11889: 11888: 11792:Retained placenta 11710:Ectopic pregnancy 11522: 11521: 11485:on 23 March 2005. 11467:on 7 August 2009. 11367:978-0-618-22415-9 11348:Henig RM (2004). 11332:. 4 January 2014. 11058:on 23 August 2014 10520:on 6 October 2017 10442:. 29 October 2015 10416:. 2 November 2015 10059:978-0-19-538207-5 9571:978-3-030-35610-1 8855:on 8 October 2016 8719:(13): 1083–1084. 8674:"Designer Babies" 8511:. 16 August 2010. 8306:Los Angeles Times 8201:Los Angeles Times 7820:978-0-8223-4860-3 7470:(12): 3220–3224. 7429:(19): 1819–1827. 7264:978-0-205-77541-5 7076:(19): 1803–1813. 6871:(10): 1203–1213. 6828:10.1136/bmj.e8632 6789:Botts S, Ryan M. 6556:(11): 2676–2678. 6400:(12): 3197–3202. 5665:(6): 1481–9.e10. 5314:(11): 2678–2684. 5267:(9563): 743–749. 5237:10.2217/whe.09.32 4257:978-1-900364-97-3 3950:on 18 March 2009. 3853:10.1111/ajo.12356 3810:(11): 2482–2486. 3578:eClinicalMedicine 3343:clomifene citrate 2840:) of legitimacy: 2826:laws of sexuality 2537:LGBT reproduction 2451:medical ethicists 2444:natural selection 2325:Angelman syndrome 2261: 2260: 2172:Caesarean section 2072:anorectal atresia 2024:venous thrombosis 2005:anxiety disorders 1962:Ectopic pregnancy 1017: 1016: 1009: 900:N-acetyl-cysteine 689:DNA fragmentation 605: 604: 524: 523: 462: 461: 287:Robert G. Edwards 259:IVF is a form of 210:and embryologist 184:fertility tourism 162:IVF is a type of 129:ovulatory process 120:is combined with 103: 102: 63:This image shows 16:(Redirected from 14184: 13974: 13973: 13940:Cardiotocography 13646: 13645: 13552:Vaginal delivery 13425:Nesting instinct 13400: 13399: 13385:Rudimentary horn 13314:Prenatal testing 13179: 13172: 13165: 13156: 13155: 13077:Semen collection 12982:Cryopreservation 12931:Oocyte selection 12803:Fertility clinic 12765: 12758: 12751: 12742: 12741: 12726: 12725: 12714: 12713: 12702: 12701: 12555: 12554: 12340: 12339: 12260: 12259: 12254:Non-reproductive 12103: 12102: 12020:Feminine hygiene 11787:Cesarian section 11782:Obstructed labor 11663: 11662: 11578: 11577: 11559: 11549: 11542: 11535: 11526: 11525: 11491: 11490: 11486: 11481:. Archived from 11468: 11463:. Archived from 11442: 11424: 11414: 11404: 11371: 11358:Houghton Mifflin 11355: 11334: 11333: 11322: 11316: 11315: 11313: 11311: 11299: 11293: 11292: 11290: 11288: 11273: 11267: 11266: 11264: 11262: 11239: 11233: 11232: 11226: 11218: 11216: 11214: 11199: 11193: 11192: 11181: 11175: 11174: 11172: 11170: 11156: 11150: 11149: 11147: 11145: 11122: 11116: 11115: 11113: 11111: 11096: 11090: 11089: 11087: 11085: 11074: 11068: 11067: 11065: 11063: 11048: 11042: 11041: 11039: 11037: 11032: 11024: 11018: 11017: 11006: 11000: 10999: 10987: 10981: 10980: 10972: 10966: 10965: 10954: 10948: 10947: 10936: 10930: 10929: 10927: 10925: 10906: 10900: 10899: 10888: 10882: 10881: 10869: 10863: 10862: 10860: 10858: 10843: 10837: 10836: 10834: 10819: 10810: 10804: 10803: 10792: 10786: 10785: 10774: 10768: 10767: 10765: 10763: 10748: 10742: 10741: 10739: 10737: 10722: 10716: 10715: 10703: 10694: 10693: 10691: 10689: 10684:. 27 August 2021 10674: 10663: 10662: 10650: 10644: 10643: 10633: 10624:(5): 1630–1635. 10609: 10600: 10599: 10597: 10595: 10584: 10578: 10577: 10575: 10573: 10562: 10556: 10555: 10553: 10551: 10536: 10530: 10529: 10527: 10525: 10510: 10504: 10503: 10501: 10499: 10484: 10478: 10477: 10475: 10473: 10458: 10452: 10451: 10449: 10447: 10432: 10426: 10425: 10423: 10421: 10406: 10400: 10399: 10392: 10386: 10385: 10383: 10381: 10366: 10360: 10359: 10352: 10346: 10345: 10343: 10341: 10327: 10321: 10320: 10318: 10316: 10306: 10300: 10299: 10297: 10295: 10289:BW Businessworld 10280: 10274: 10273: 10263: 10223: 10217: 10216: 10210: 10202: 10200: 10198: 10181: 10172: 10171: 10169: 10167: 10152: 10146: 10145: 10143: 10141: 10126: 10120: 10119: 10117: 10115: 10096: 10090: 10089: 10087: 10085: 10070: 10064: 10063: 10043: 10037: 10036: 10026: 10017:(5): 1824–1826. 10002: 9996: 9995: 9980: 9974: 9973: 9963: 9939: 9933: 9932: 9922: 9898: 9892: 9891: 9889: 9887: 9872: 9866: 9865: 9847: 9823: 9814: 9813: 9803: 9771: 9765: 9764: 9747:(6): 1031–1034. 9736: 9730: 9729: 9712: 10835155. 9677: 9671: 9670: 9660: 9650: 9641:(Suppl 2): 332. 9626: 9620: 9619: 9591: 9582: 9581: 9580: 9578: 9545: 9539: 9538: 9536: 9534: 9519: 9513: 9512: 9494: 9485:(5): 1294–1301. 9470: 9464: 9463: 9427: 9418: 9417: 9415: 9413: 9394: 9381: 9380: 9369: 9363: 9362: 9352: 9343:(6): 2281–2294. 9328: 9313: 9312: 9310: 9308: 9294: 9283: 9282: 9272: 9248: 9242: 9241: 9233: 9227: 9226: 9224: 9222: 9217: 9193: 9187: 9186: 9168: 9144: 9138: 9137: 9109: 9103: 9102: 9076: 9067: 9052: 9051: 9041: 9009: 9003: 9002: 9000: 8998: 8976: 8970: 8969: 8941: 8935: 8932: 8926: 8925: 8923: 8921: 8912:. Archived from 8903: 8871: 8865: 8864: 8862: 8860: 8845: 8839: 8838: 8836: 8834: 8823: 8817: 8816: 8811:. Archived from 8804: 8793: 8792: 8790: 8788: 8779:(25 July 1968). 8773: 8767: 8766: 8761:, archived from 8751: 8745: 8744: 8704: 8698: 8697: 8696:on 8 March 2016. 8692:. Archived from 8669: 8663: 8662: 8634: 8628: 8627: 8617: 8585: 8579: 8578: 8566: 8557: 8556: 8554: 8552: 8537: 8531: 8530: 8519: 8513: 8512: 8501: 8495: 8494: 8478: 8472: 8471: 8470:on 18 July 2012. 8466:. Archived from 8455: 8449: 8443: 8437: 8431: 8425: 8424: 8414: 8404: 8387:(11): e0241214. 8372: 8366: 8365: 8355: 8331: 8310: 8309: 8298: 8292: 8291: 8289: 8287: 8278:. Archived from 8267: 8261: 8260: 8252: 8246: 8245: 8233: 8224: 8223: 8211: 8205: 8204: 8192: 8186: 8185: 8149: 8143: 8142: 8094: 8088: 8087: 8077: 8068:(4): 1190–1193. 8053: 8044: 8043: 8033: 8024:(8): 1189–1191. 8009: 8003: 8002: 8000: 7998: 7983: 7977: 7976: 7948: 7942: 7941: 7931: 7913: 7889: 7883: 7882: 7854: 7848: 7847: 7839: 7833: 7832: 7809:Dumit J (2012). 7806: 7800: 7799: 7787: 7781: 7780: 7777:The Winnipeg Sun 7772: 7766: 7765: 7763: 7761: 7745: 7739: 7738: 7721:(Suppl 1): 1–8. 7710: 7704: 7703: 7693: 7661: 7655: 7654: 7652: 7650: 7636: 7630: 7629: 7619: 7609: 7585: 7579: 7578: 7572: 7568: 7566: 7558: 7538: 7532: 7531: 7530:on 16 June 2013. 7526:. Archived from 7515: 7509: 7508: 7499:Ayers C (2004). 7496: 7490: 7489: 7479: 7455: 7449: 7448: 7438: 7414: 7403: 7402: 7392: 7368: 7362: 7361: 7351: 7319: 7313: 7312: 7302: 7278: 7269: 7268: 7250: 7244: 7243: 7233: 7209: 7194: 7193: 7183: 7159: 7153: 7152: 7142: 7110: 7104: 7103: 7085: 7061: 7055: 7054: 7044: 7020: 7014: 7013: 7003: 6979: 6973: 6972: 6962: 6938: 6932: 6931: 6921: 6912:(9): 2019–2026. 6897: 6891: 6890: 6880: 6856: 6850: 6849: 6839: 6807: 6801: 6800: 6786: 6780: 6779: 6769: 6760:(4): 1088–1096. 6745: 6736: 6735: 6725: 6701: 6692: 6691: 6681: 6657: 6651: 6650: 6632: 6608: 6602: 6601: 6599: 6597: 6582: 6576: 6575: 6565: 6541: 6530: 6529: 6519: 6495: 6489: 6488: 6478: 6468: 6444: 6438: 6437: 6427: 6417: 6385: 6379: 6378: 6368: 6336: 6330: 6329: 6319: 6310:(8): 1588–1591. 6295: 6289: 6288: 6278: 6254: 6248: 6247: 6237: 6205: 6199: 6198: 6188: 6179:(4): 1097–1103. 6164: 6158: 6157: 6155: 6153: 6138: 6132: 6131: 6103: 6097: 6096: 6088: 6082: 6081: 6079: 6077: 6068:. Archived from 6057: 6051: 6050: 6040: 6016: 6005: 6004: 5994: 5970: 5964: 5963: 5953: 5913: 5904: 5903: 5901: 5899: 5885: 5879: 5878: 5868: 5844: 5838: 5837: 5827: 5787: 5781: 5780: 5778: 5754: 5748: 5747: 5740: 5734: 5733: 5723: 5691: 5685: 5684: 5674: 5650: 5644: 5643: 5633: 5624:(7): 1691–1698. 5609: 5603: 5602: 5592: 5568: 5559: 5558: 5530: 5524: 5523: 5486: 5480: 5479: 5469: 5445: 5439: 5426: 5420: 5419: 5409: 5385: 5379: 5378: 5366: 5360: 5359: 5357: 5355: 5340: 5334: 5333: 5323: 5299: 5293: 5292: 5256: 5250: 5249: 5239: 5215: 5209: 5208: 5203:. Archived from 5191: 5185: 5184: 5174: 5150: 5144: 5143: 5133: 5101: 5095: 5094: 5084: 5060: 5047: 5046: 5036: 5004: 4998: 4997: 4987: 4963: 4957: 4956: 4946: 4929:(11): CD004832. 4914: 4908: 4907: 4906:. February 2011. 4896: 4890: 4889: 4879: 4847: 4826: 4825: 4815: 4798:(6): 1117–1125. 4783: 4777: 4776: 4761: 4750: 4749: 4739: 4715: 4709: 4708: 4706: 4697: 4688: 4687: 4677: 4668:(4): 1410–1416. 4653: 4647: 4646: 4636: 4612: 4606: 4605: 4595: 4563: 4557: 4556: 4546: 4522: 4511: 4510: 4500: 4490: 4455: 4446: 4445: 4435: 4426:(7): 1594–1608. 4411: 4405: 4404: 4394: 4370: 4364: 4363: 4353: 4329: 4320: 4319: 4309: 4299: 4275: 4269: 4268: 4266: 4260:. Archived from 4249: 4239: 4224: 4223: 4213: 4189: 4183: 4182: 4180: 4178: 4164: 4158: 4157: 4155: 4153: 4139: 4130: 4129: 4111: 4087: 4081: 4080: 4078: 4076: 4067:. Archived from 4057: 4051: 4050: 4048: 4046: 4036:"YourIVFSuccess" 4032: 4026: 4025: 4023: 4021: 4007: 4001: 4000: 3988: 3982: 3981: 3979: 3977: 3972:on 31 March 2009 3968:. Archived from 3958: 3952: 3951: 3946:. Archived from 3935: 3926: 3925: 3923: 3921: 3907: 3901: 3900: 3898: 3896: 3882: 3873: 3872: 3836: 3830: 3829: 3819: 3795: 3786: 3785: 3784:. February 2013. 3772: 3766: 3765: 3763: 3761: 3746: 3740: 3739: 3737: 3735: 3716: 3710: 3709: 3707: 3705: 3700:. 5 October 2010 3688: 3682: 3681: 3679: 3677: 3659: 3653: 3652: 3642: 3618: 3612: 3611: 3601: 3569: 3563: 3562: 3560: 3558: 3543: 3534: 3533: 3497: 3488: 3487: 3478: 3476: 3460: 3451: 3450: 3448: 3446: 3431: 3219:Laura Chinchilla 3052:medical system. 2958:gender dysphoria 2938:Same-sex couples 2846:sexual relations 2697:embryo selection 2665:fertility clinic 2600:Anonymous donors 2584:The research on 2421:one-child policy 2375:rhabdomyosarcoma 2363:childhood cancer 2297:thyroid disorder 2084: 2076: 2062:with or without 1786:Embryo splitting 1772:oocyte selection 1728:embryo profiling 1717:teratozoospermia 1695:Other expansions 1653:Cryopreservation 1638:Cryopreservation 1407:Embryo selection 1283:oocyte selection 1012: 1005: 1001: 998: 992: 969: 961: 944:Cochrane reviews 877:publication bias 872:adjuvant therapy 746:oocyte retrieval 738:cumulus oophorus 651:ovarian function 620:Miscarriage rate 544: 543: 483: 482: 421: 420: 349:male infertility 202:was awarded the 96:edit on Wikidata 61: 49: 48: 21: 14192: 14191: 14187: 14186: 14185: 14183: 14182: 14181: 14152:Human pregnancy 14112: 14111: 14110: 14105: 14085: 14054: 14018: 13989:Postpartum care 13959: 13923: 13826:Liver diseases 13820:Thyroid disease 13718: 13704:Gestational age 13675: 13633: 13599:Labor induction 13504: 13495:Perinatal nurse 13468:Birth attendant 13429: 13389: 13323: 13319:Medical imaging 13280: 13249:fertility fraud 13225: 13192: 13183: 13153: 13148: 13132: 13108:Fertility fraud 13091: 13040: 12960: 12911:Embryo transfer 12888: 12879: 12822: 12774: 12769: 12739: 12734: 12690: 12675:Family planning 12653: 12647: 12614: 12591: 12550: 12544: 12516:Gender equality 12499: 12493: 12439: 12390: 12372:Cervical cancer 12334: 12327: 12265: 12255: 12245: 12236:Sex differences 12194:Forced marriage 12143: 12108: 12098: 12088: 12030:Menstrual cycle 12001: 11954:Family planning 11952: 11943: 11896: 11885: 11844:Maternal deaths 11835: 11826:Postpartum care 11772:Multiple births 11748: 11657: 11650: 11583: 11574: 11571: 11563: 11553: 11523: 11518: 11517: 11502: 11471: 11453: 11450: 11445: 11422: 11368: 11343: 11341:Further reading 11338: 11337: 11324: 11323: 11319: 11309: 11307: 11300: 11296: 11286: 11284: 11274: 11270: 11260: 11258: 11248:Washington Post 11240: 11236: 11220: 11219: 11212: 11210: 11200: 11196: 11183: 11182: 11178: 11168: 11166: 11158: 11157: 11153: 11143: 11141: 11123: 11119: 11109: 11107: 11098: 11097: 11093: 11083: 11081: 11076: 11075: 11071: 11061: 11059: 11050: 11049: 11045: 11035: 11033: 11030: 11026: 11025: 11021: 11008: 11007: 11003: 10988: 10984: 10973: 10969: 10956: 10955: 10951: 10938: 10937: 10933: 10923: 10921: 10907: 10903: 10890: 10889: 10885: 10870: 10866: 10856: 10854: 10853:on 3 March 2017 10845: 10844: 10840: 10835:on 7 July 2011. 10832: 10817: 10811: 10807: 10802:. 26 June 2016. 10794: 10793: 10789: 10776: 10775: 10771: 10761: 10759: 10749: 10745: 10735: 10733: 10732:on 15 July 2011 10724: 10723: 10719: 10704: 10697: 10687: 10685: 10676: 10675: 10666: 10651: 10647: 10610: 10603: 10593: 10591: 10586: 10585: 10581: 10571: 10569: 10564: 10563: 10559: 10549: 10547: 10538: 10537: 10533: 10523: 10521: 10512: 10511: 10507: 10497: 10495: 10494:. 7 August 2017 10486: 10485: 10481: 10471: 10469: 10460: 10459: 10455: 10445: 10443: 10434: 10433: 10429: 10419: 10417: 10408: 10407: 10403: 10394: 10393: 10389: 10379: 10377: 10368: 10367: 10363: 10354: 10353: 10349: 10339: 10337: 10329: 10328: 10324: 10314: 10312: 10308: 10307: 10303: 10293: 10291: 10281: 10277: 10224: 10220: 10204: 10203: 10196: 10194: 10183: 10182: 10175: 10165: 10163: 10154: 10153: 10149: 10139: 10137: 10128: 10127: 10123: 10113: 10111: 10098: 10097: 10093: 10083: 10081: 10072: 10071: 10067: 10060: 10044: 10040: 10003: 9999: 9982: 9981: 9977: 9940: 9936: 9899: 9895: 9885: 9883: 9873: 9869: 9824: 9817: 9772: 9768: 9737: 9733: 9678: 9674: 9627: 9623: 9616: 9592: 9585: 9576: 9574: 9572: 9546: 9542: 9532: 9530: 9521: 9520: 9516: 9471: 9467: 9428: 9421: 9411: 9409: 9396: 9395: 9384: 9371: 9370: 9366: 9329: 9316: 9306: 9304: 9295: 9286: 9249: 9245: 9234: 9230: 9220: 9218: 9194: 9190: 9145: 9141: 9110: 9106: 9074: 9068: 9055: 9010: 9006: 8996: 8994: 8977: 8973: 8942: 8938: 8933: 8929: 8919: 8917: 8916:on 24 June 2009 8872: 8868: 8858: 8856: 8847: 8846: 8842: 8832: 8830: 8825: 8824: 8820: 8805: 8796: 8786: 8784: 8783:. Rome: Vatican 8774: 8770: 8753: 8752: 8748: 8705: 8701: 8670: 8666: 8635: 8631: 8586: 8582: 8567: 8560: 8550: 8548: 8539: 8538: 8534: 8527:Washington Post 8521: 8520: 8516: 8503: 8502: 8498: 8479: 8475: 8456: 8452: 8444: 8440: 8432: 8428: 8373: 8369: 8332: 8313: 8300: 8299: 8295: 8285: 8283: 8282:on 4 March 2016 8268: 8264: 8253: 8249: 8234: 8227: 8212: 8208: 8193: 8189: 8150: 8146: 8095: 8091: 8054: 8047: 8010: 8006: 7996: 7994: 7985: 7984: 7980: 7949: 7945: 7890: 7886: 7855: 7851: 7840: 7836: 7821: 7807: 7803: 7788: 7784: 7773: 7769: 7759: 7757: 7754:The Independent 7746: 7742: 7711: 7707: 7662: 7658: 7648: 7646: 7638: 7637: 7633: 7586: 7582: 7570: 7569: 7560: 7559: 7555: 7539: 7535: 7516: 7512: 7497: 7493: 7456: 7452: 7415: 7406: 7369: 7365: 7320: 7316: 7279: 7272: 7265: 7251: 7247: 7210: 7197: 7160: 7156: 7111: 7107: 7062: 7058: 7021: 7017: 6980: 6976: 6939: 6935: 6898: 6894: 6857: 6853: 6808: 6804: 6787: 6783: 6746: 6739: 6702: 6695: 6658: 6654: 6609: 6605: 6595: 6593: 6584: 6583: 6579: 6542: 6533: 6496: 6492: 6445: 6441: 6386: 6382: 6337: 6333: 6296: 6292: 6255: 6251: 6206: 6202: 6165: 6161: 6151: 6149: 6140: 6139: 6135: 6104: 6100: 6089: 6085: 6075: 6073: 6058: 6054: 6017: 6008: 5971: 5967: 5928:(7): CD009154. 5914: 5907: 5897: 5895: 5887: 5886: 5882: 5845: 5841: 5788: 5784: 5755: 5751: 5742: 5741: 5737: 5706:(5): CD011320. 5692: 5688: 5651: 5647: 5610: 5606: 5569: 5562: 5531: 5527: 5487: 5483: 5446: 5442: 5437:Wayback Machine 5427: 5423: 5386: 5382: 5367: 5363: 5353: 5351: 5342: 5341: 5337: 5300: 5296: 5257: 5253: 5216: 5212: 5207:on 12 May 2012. 5193: 5192: 5188: 5151: 5147: 5116:(8): CD010550. 5102: 5098: 5061: 5050: 5005: 5001: 4964: 4960: 4915: 4911: 4898: 4897: 4893: 4862:(8): CD010537. 4848: 4829: 4784: 4780: 4763: 4762: 4753: 4716: 4712: 4704: 4698: 4691: 4654: 4650: 4613: 4609: 4564: 4560: 4523: 4514: 4456: 4449: 4412: 4408: 4371: 4367: 4330: 4323: 4276: 4272: 4264: 4258: 4247: 4241: 4240: 4227: 4190: 4186: 4176: 4174: 4166: 4165: 4161: 4151: 4149: 4141: 4140: 4133: 4088: 4084: 4074: 4072: 4059: 4058: 4054: 4044: 4042: 4034: 4033: 4029: 4019: 4017: 4009: 4008: 4004: 3989: 3985: 3975: 3973: 3960: 3959: 3955: 3936: 3929: 3919: 3917: 3909: 3908: 3904: 3894: 3892: 3884: 3883: 3876: 3837: 3833: 3796: 3789: 3774: 3773: 3769: 3759: 3757: 3747: 3743: 3733: 3731: 3718: 3717: 3713: 3703: 3701: 3690: 3689: 3685: 3675: 3673: 3660: 3656: 3619: 3615: 3570: 3566: 3556: 3554: 3545: 3544: 3537: 3502:Human Fertility 3498: 3491: 3474: 3472: 3461: 3454: 3444: 3442: 3433: 3432: 3428: 3423: 3380: 3361:pregnancy risks 3290: 3284: 3192: 3175: 3114: 3106:county councils 3101: 3088: 3071: 3049: 3020: 3009: 2997: 2992: 2979: 2967: 2953: 2940: 2935: 2910: 2905: 2896: 2887: 2878: 2868:In the US, the 2862: 2822:Orthodox Jewish 2751:and artificial 2745:Catholic Church 2741: 2735: 2649:embryo donation 2637: 2631:Embryo donation 2627: 2608: 2602: 2582: 2576: 2543: 2533: 2520: 2503:Adriana Iliescu 2484: 2467: 2406: 2388: 2383: 2311:IVF, including 2270:spermatogenesis 2266: 2237:low birthweight 2100: 2092: 2043: 2009:Hormonal agents 1994:and the use of 1969:cervical cancer 1943: 1889: 1862: 1846:multiple births 1842: 1840:Multiple births 1837: 1761:embryo donation 1697: 1673:embryo donation 1669:oocyte donation 1650: 1642:Main articles: 1640: 1612:saviour sibling 1591:Those who want 1571:live birth rate 1560: 1554: 1545: 1486: 1480: 1474:and pregnancy. 1454: 1452:Embryo transfer 1448: 1446:Embryo transfer 1431:pregnancy rates 1423:pregnancy rates 1415: 1409: 1385:live birth rate 1377:embryo transfer 1373:live birth rate 1353: 1347: 1324:pregnancy rates 1304: 1271: 1249: 1243: 1214: 1208: 1176:live birth rate 1160:embryo transfer 1142:GnRH antagonist 1123: 1117: 1074:GnRH antagonist 1055: 1049: 1043:into a uterus. 1041:embryo transfer 1013: 1002: 996: 993: 982: 970: 959: 951:Cochrane review 936:live birth rate 884:Cochrane review 798:thromboembolism 782:body mass index 775:Tobacco smoking 639: 622: 532: 404: 402:Live birth rate 392:live birth rate 383: 369:In people with 345:fallopian tubes 337: 331: 326: 317:Adriana Iliescu 295:Patrick Steptoe 275: 269: 233:The Latin term 231: 208:Patrick Steptoe 99: 68: 45: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 14190: 14180: 14179: 14177:Sperm donation 14174: 14169: 14164: 14159: 14154: 14149: 14144: 14139: 14134: 14129: 14124: 14107: 14106: 14104: 14103: 14097: 14095: 14091: 14090: 14087: 14086: 14084: 14083: 14078: 14073: 14068: 14062: 14060: 14056: 14055: 14053: 14052: 14047: 14042: 14037: 14035:Health visitor 14032: 14026: 14024: 14020: 14019: 14017: 14016: 14011: 14006: 14001: 13996: 13991: 13986: 13980: 13978: 13971: 13965: 13964: 13961: 13960: 13958: 13957: 13952: 13950:Nonstress test 13947: 13942: 13937: 13931: 13929: 13925: 13924: 13922: 13921: 13920: 13919: 13918: 13917: 13912: 13907: 13902: 13897: 13892: 13884: 13883: 13882: 13877: 13872: 13866:Skin diseases 13864: 13863: 13862: 13857: 13852: 13847: 13839: 13838: 13837: 13832: 13824: 13823: 13822: 13817: 13809: 13808: 13807: 13802: 13797: 13792: 13782: 13777: 13772: 13764: 13759: 13754: 13753: 13752: 13747: 13742: 13734: 13728: 13726: 13720: 13719: 13717: 13716: 13711: 13706: 13701: 13696: 13691: 13685: 13683: 13677: 13676: 13674: 13673: 13668: 13663: 13658: 13656:Amniotic fluid 13652: 13650: 13643: 13639: 13638: 13635: 13634: 13632: 13631: 13626: 13621: 13616: 13611: 13606: 13604:Multiple birth 13601: 13596: 13591: 13586: 13581: 13576: 13575: 13574: 13569: 13564: 13554: 13549: 13544: 13539: 13538: 13537: 13532: 13527: 13512: 13510: 13506: 13505: 13503: 13502: 13497: 13492: 13487: 13486: 13485: 13475: 13470: 13465: 13460: 13455: 13454: 13453: 13443: 13437: 13435: 13431: 13430: 13428: 13427: 13422: 13417: 13412: 13410:Bradley method 13406: 13404: 13397: 13391: 13390: 13388: 13387: 13382: 13377: 13372: 13367: 13362: 13357: 13352: 13347: 13342: 13337: 13331: 13329: 13325: 13324: 13322: 13321: 13316: 13311: 13310: 13309: 13302:Pregnancy test 13299: 13294: 13288: 13286: 13282: 13281: 13279: 13278: 13273: 13268: 13267: 13266: 13261: 13256: 13251: 13246: 13235: 13233: 13227: 13226: 13224: 13223: 13218: 13213: 13208: 13202: 13200: 13194: 13193: 13182: 13181: 13174: 13167: 13159: 13150: 13149: 13147: 13146: 13140: 13138: 13134: 13133: 13131: 13130: 13125: 13120: 13115: 13110: 13105: 13099: 13097: 13093: 13092: 13090: 13089: 13084: 13079: 13074: 13069: 13064: 13059: 13054: 13048: 13046: 13042: 13041: 13039: 13038: 13033: 13028: 13023: 13022: 13021: 13011: 13006: 13005: 13004: 12999: 12997:ovarian tissue 12994: 12989: 12979: 12974: 12968: 12966: 12962: 12961: 12959: 12958: 12953: 12948: 12943: 12938: 12933: 12928: 12923: 12918: 12913: 12908: 12903: 12898: 12892: 12890: 12889:and expansions 12881: 12880: 12878: 12877: 12872: 12871: 12870: 12860: 12855: 12850: 12849: 12848: 12843: 12832: 12830: 12824: 12823: 12821: 12820: 12815: 12810: 12805: 12800: 12795: 12790: 12784: 12782: 12776: 12775: 12768: 12767: 12760: 12753: 12745: 12736: 12735: 12733: 12732: 12720: 12708: 12695: 12692: 12691: 12689: 12684: 12679: 12678: 12677: 12667: 12662: 12657: 12655: 12652:Women's health 12649: 12648: 12646: 12645: 12640: 12635: 12630: 12625: 12619: 12616: 12615: 12613: 12612: 12607: 12601: 12599: 12593: 12592: 12590: 12589: 12584: 12579: 12574: 12569: 12563: 12561: 12559:United Nations 12552: 12551:& advocacy 12546: 12545: 12543: 12538: 12533: 12528: 12523: 12518: 12513: 12508: 12503: 12501: 12498:Sociocultural 12495: 12494: 12492: 12491: 12490: 12489: 12484: 12479: 12469: 12468: 12467: 12466: 12465: 12455: 12444: 12441: 12440: 12438: 12437: 12432: 12431: 12430: 12429: 12428: 12413: 12412: 12411: 12401: 12395: 12392: 12391: 12389: 12388: 12386:Ovarian cancer 12383: 12382: 12381: 12380: 12379: 12369: 12362:Uterine cancer 12359: 12354: 12348: 12346: 12337: 12329: 12328: 12326: 12325: 12320: 12315: 12314: 12313: 12306:Sexual assault 12303: 12298: 12293: 12288: 12287: 12286: 12276: 12270: 12268: 12257: 12251: 12250: 12247: 12246: 12244: 12243: 12238: 12233: 12228: 12223: 12218: 12213: 12208: 12207: 12206: 12196: 12191: 12186: 12184:Child marriage 12181: 12179:Breast ironing 12176: 12171: 12169:Breast binding 12166: 12165: 12164: 12159: 12157:Clitoridectomy 12148: 12145: 12144: 12142: 12141: 12136: 12135: 12134: 12124: 12119: 12113: 12111: 12100: 12094: 12093: 12090: 12089: 12087: 12086: 12085: 12084: 12074: 12069: 12064: 12059: 12058: 12057: 12052: 12047: 12042: 12035:Menstrual aids 12032: 12027: 12022: 12017: 12011: 12009: 12003: 12002: 12000: 11999: 11994: 11989: 11984: 11979: 11974: 11969: 11964: 11958: 11956: 11945: 11944: 11942: 11941: 11940: 11939: 11934: 11924: 11923: 11922: 11917: 11912: 11901: 11899: 11891: 11890: 11887: 11886: 11884: 11883: 11878: 11877: 11876: 11866: 11861: 11856: 11851: 11846: 11840: 11837: 11836: 11834: 11833: 11828: 11823: 11822: 11821: 11819:Husband stitch 11811: 11810: 11809: 11804: 11794: 11789: 11784: 11779: 11774: 11769: 11764: 11758: 11756: 11750: 11749: 11747: 11746: 11745: 11744: 11743: 11742: 11737: 11727: 11722: 11717: 11712: 11707: 11697: 11692: 11690:Antenatal care 11687: 11682: 11677: 11671: 11669: 11660: 11652: 11651: 11649: 11648: 11643: 11638: 11636:Fallopian tube 11633: 11628: 11623: 11618: 11617: 11616: 11611: 11606: 11605: 11604: 11588: 11586: 11582:Reproductive 11575: 11568: 11565: 11564: 11561:Women's health 11552: 11551: 11544: 11537: 11529: 11520: 11519: 11516: 11515: 11503: 11498: 11497: 11495: 11494:Classification 11488: 11487: 11469: 11449: 11448:External links 11446: 11444: 11443: 11433:(3): 132–136. 11415: 11372: 11366: 11344: 11342: 11339: 11336: 11335: 11317: 11306:. rdklegal.com 11294: 11268: 11234: 11194: 11176: 11151: 11117: 11091: 11069: 11043: 11019: 11001: 10982: 10967: 10949: 10944:New York Times 10931: 10901: 10883: 10864: 10838: 10805: 10787: 10769: 10743: 10717: 10712:New York Times 10695: 10664: 10645: 10601: 10579: 10557: 10531: 10505: 10479: 10453: 10427: 10401: 10387: 10361: 10358:. 14 May 2024. 10347: 10322: 10301: 10283:Chatterjee P. 10275: 10238:(3): hoaa038. 10218: 10173: 10160:TRIO Fertility 10147: 10121: 10091: 10065: 10058: 10038: 9997: 9988:The Australian 9975: 9954:(4): 365–372. 9934: 9913:(4): 430–437. 9893: 9881:CCRM Fertility 9867: 9838:(5): 858–865. 9815: 9766: 9731: 9672: 9621: 9614: 9583: 9570: 9540: 9514: 9465: 9419: 9382: 9364: 9314: 9284: 9243: 9228: 9208:(2): 317–330. 9188: 9139: 9104: 9053: 9004: 8971: 8936: 8927: 8886:(4): 427–450. 8866: 8840: 8818: 8794: 8768: 8746: 8699: 8664: 8645:(2): 263–277. 8629: 8600:(4): 307–312. 8580: 8558: 8532: 8514: 8496: 8473: 8450: 8438: 8426: 8367: 8346:(4): 517–528. 8311: 8308:. 1 June 2011. 8293: 8262: 8247: 8225: 8206: 8187: 8144: 8089: 8045: 8004: 7978: 7943: 7884: 7849: 7834: 7819: 7801: 7782: 7767: 7740: 7705: 7656: 7631: 7600:(1): 280–309. 7580: 7553: 7533: 7510: 7491: 7450: 7404: 7383:(6): 840–852. 7363: 7334:(6): 822–839. 7314: 7293:(3): 232–243. 7270: 7263: 7245: 7224:(3): 244–250. 7195: 7174:(5): 485–503. 7154: 7105: 7056: 7035:(2): 360–366. 7015: 6994:(4): 330–353. 6974: 6933: 6892: 6851: 6802: 6781: 6737: 6716:(4): 594–613. 6693: 6672:(1): 106–123. 6652: 6623:(2): 105–123. 6603: 6577: 6531: 6490: 6439: 6380: 6331: 6290: 6269:(2): 423–427. 6249: 6220:(6): 829–847. 6200: 6159: 6148:on 21 May 2009 6133: 6098: 6083: 6072:on 10 May 2011 6052: 6031:(4): 454–466. 6006: 5985:(6): 734–740. 5965: 5905: 5880: 5859:(4): 173–183. 5839: 5782: 5749: 5735: 5686: 5645: 5604: 5583:(3): 439–448. 5560: 5535:Theriogenology 5525: 5481: 5460:(6): 685–695. 5440: 5421: 5400:(4): 510–524. 5380: 5361: 5335: 5294: 5251: 5230:(4): 359–360. 5224:Women's Health 5210: 5186: 5165:(6): 808–821. 5145: 5096: 5075:(1): 124–140. 5048: 5019:(6): 696–713. 4999: 4978:(4): 501–509. 4958: 4909: 4891: 4827: 4778: 4751: 4710: 4689: 4648: 4627:(4): 530–541. 4607: 4558: 4537:(5): 433–457. 4512: 4473:(12): e15303. 4447: 4406: 4385:(4): 560–570. 4365: 4321: 4270: 4256: 4225: 4204:(6): 577–589. 4184: 4159: 4131: 4102:(1): 149–156. 4082: 4052: 4040:YourIVFSuccess 4027: 4002: 3983: 3953: 3927: 3902: 3874: 3847:(5): 473–476. 3831: 3787: 3767: 3741: 3721:Test Tube Baby 3711: 3683: 3654: 3633:(6): 978–986. 3613: 3564: 3535: 3489: 3452: 3441:. 24 July 2018 3425: 3424: 3422: 3419: 3418: 3417: 3412: 3410:Reciprocal IVF 3407: 3402: 3397: 3386: 3379: 3376: 3375: 3374: 3364: 3354: 3335:oligoovulation 3324: 3283: 3280: 3191: 3188: 3174: 3171: 3113: 3112:United Kingdom 3110: 3100: 3097: 3087: 3084: 3070: 3067: 3048: 3045: 3019: 3016: 3008: 3005: 2996: 2993: 2991: 2988: 2978: 2975: 2965: 2952: 2949: 2945:reciprocal IVF 2939: 2936: 2934: 2931: 2909: 2906: 2904: 2901: 2895: 2892: 2886: 2883: 2877: 2874: 2861: 2858: 2854:Reform Judaism 2818: 2817: 2805: 2737:Main article: 2734: 2731: 2661:sperm donation 2626: 2623: 2601: 2598: 2575: 2572: 2541:LGBT parenting 2532: 2529: 2519: 2516: 2512:Andhra Pradesh 2483: 2482:Older patients 2480: 2466: 2463: 2455:Jacob M. Appel 2405: 2402: 2387: 2384: 2382: 2379: 2371:hepatoblastoma 2367:retinoblastoma 2340:cerebral palsy 2305:binge drinking 2295:, subclinical 2265: 2262: 2259: 2258: 2255: 2252: 2246: 2245: 2242: 2239: 2233: 2232: 2229: 2226: 2220: 2219: 2216: 2213: 2207: 2206: 2203: 2200: 2194: 2193: 2190: 2187: 2181: 2180: 2177: 2174: 2168: 2167: 2164: 2161: 2155: 2154: 2151: 2148: 2142: 2141: 2138: 2135: 2129: 2128: 2125: 2122: 2116: 2115: 2113: 2110: 2104: 2103: 2095: 2088: 2042: 2039: 1973:ovarian cancer 1942: 1939: 1919:Ogikubo, Tokyo 1888: 1885: 1861: 1858: 1841: 1838: 1836: 1833: 1832: 1831: 1789: 1783: 1768: 1753: 1747: 1736:transcriptomes 1724: 1713:sperm donation 1696: 1693: 1639: 1636: 1620: 1619: 1608: 1589: 1556:Main article: 1553: 1550: 1544: 1541: 1533:growth hormone 1489:Luteal support 1484:Luteal support 1482:Main article: 1479: 1478:Luteal support 1476: 1450:Main article: 1447: 1444: 1413:Embryo quality 1408: 1405: 1357:cleavage stage 1351:Embryo culture 1349:Main article: 1346: 1345:Embryo culture 1343: 1303: 1300: 1270: 1267: 1242: 1239: 1207: 1204: 1164: 1163: 1158:, followed by 1154:, followed by 1145: 1138: 1119:Main article: 1116: 1113: 1051:Main article: 1048: 1045: 1015: 1014: 973: 971: 964: 958: 955: 940:pregnancy rate 849: 848: 837: 835:Embryo quality 832: 829: 826: 823: 820:hydrosalpinges 809: 778: 772: 765: 754: 753: 749: 734: 715: 704: 685: 679: 638: 635: 621: 618: 603: 602: 599: 596: 593: 590: 587: 583: 582: 579: 576: 573: 570: 567: 563: 562: 559: 556: 553: 550: 547: 531: 530:Pregnancy rate 528: 522: 521: 518: 515: 512: 509: 506: 502: 501: 498: 495: 492: 489: 486: 460: 459: 456: 453: 450: 447: 444: 440: 439: 436: 433: 430: 427: 424: 403: 400: 388:pregnancy rate 382: 379: 330: 327: 325: 322: 271:Main article: 268: 265: 230: 227: 200:Robert Edwards 189:In July 1978, 141:embryo culture 101: 100: 93: 90: 89: 86: 80: 79: 76: 70: 69: 62: 54: 53: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 14189: 14178: 14175: 14173: 14170: 14168: 14165: 14163: 14160: 14158: 14155: 14153: 14150: 14148: 14145: 14143: 14140: 14138: 14135: 14133: 14130: 14128: 14125: 14123: 14120: 14119: 14117: 14102: 14099: 14098: 14096: 14092: 14082: 14079: 14077: 14074: 14072: 14069: 14067: 14064: 14063: 14061: 14057: 14051: 14048: 14046: 14045:Monthly nurse 14043: 14041: 14038: 14036: 14033: 14031: 14028: 14027: 14025: 14021: 14015: 14012: 14010: 14007: 14005: 14002: 14000: 13997: 13995: 13992: 13990: 13987: 13985: 13982: 13981: 13979: 13975: 13972: 13970: 13966: 13956: 13953: 13951: 13948: 13946: 13943: 13941: 13938: 13936: 13935:Amniocentesis 13933: 13932: 13930: 13926: 13916: 13913: 13911: 13908: 13906: 13903: 13901: 13898: 13896: 13895:Vaginal flora 13893: 13891: 13888: 13887: 13885: 13881: 13878: 13876: 13873: 13871: 13868: 13867: 13865: 13861: 13858: 13856: 13853: 13851: 13848: 13846: 13843: 13842: 13840: 13836: 13833: 13831: 13828: 13827: 13825: 13821: 13818: 13816: 13813: 13812: 13810: 13806: 13803: 13801: 13798: 13796: 13793: 13791: 13788: 13787: 13786: 13785:Substance use 13783: 13781: 13778: 13776: 13773: 13771: 13768: 13767: 13765: 13763: 13760: 13758: 13755: 13751: 13748: 13746: 13743: 13741: 13738: 13737: 13735: 13733: 13730: 13729: 13727: 13725: 13721: 13715: 13712: 13710: 13707: 13705: 13702: 13700: 13699:Fundal height 13697: 13695: 13692: 13690: 13687: 13686: 13684: 13682: 13678: 13672: 13669: 13667: 13664: 13662: 13659: 13657: 13654: 13653: 13651: 13647: 13644: 13640: 13630: 13627: 13625: 13622: 13620: 13617: 13615: 13612: 13610: 13607: 13605: 13602: 13600: 13597: 13595: 13592: 13590: 13587: 13585: 13582: 13580: 13577: 13573: 13570: 13568: 13565: 13563: 13560: 13559: 13558: 13555: 13553: 13550: 13548: 13545: 13543: 13540: 13536: 13533: 13531: 13528: 13526: 13523: 13522: 13521: 13517: 13514: 13513: 13511: 13507: 13501: 13498: 13496: 13493: 13491: 13488: 13484: 13481: 13480: 13479: 13476: 13474: 13471: 13469: 13466: 13464: 13461: 13459: 13456: 13452: 13451:Preterm birth 13449: 13448: 13447: 13444: 13442: 13439: 13438: 13436: 13432: 13426: 13423: 13421: 13418: 13416: 13415:Hypnobirthing 13413: 13411: 13408: 13407: 13405: 13401: 13398: 13396: 13392: 13386: 13383: 13381: 13378: 13376: 13373: 13371: 13368: 13366: 13363: 13361: 13358: 13356: 13353: 13351: 13348: 13346: 13343: 13341: 13338: 13336: 13333: 13332: 13330: 13326: 13320: 13317: 13315: 13312: 13308: 13305: 13304: 13303: 13300: 13298: 13295: 13293: 13292:3D ultrasound 13290: 13289: 13287: 13283: 13277: 13274: 13272: 13269: 13265: 13262: 13260: 13257: 13255: 13252: 13250: 13247: 13245: 13242: 13241: 13240: 13237: 13236: 13234: 13232: 13228: 13222: 13219: 13217: 13214: 13212: 13209: 13207: 13206:Birth control 13204: 13203: 13201: 13199: 13195: 13191: 13187: 13180: 13175: 13173: 13168: 13166: 13161: 13160: 13157: 13145: 13142: 13141: 13139: 13135: 13129: 13128:Sex selection 13126: 13124: 13121: 13119: 13116: 13114: 13111: 13109: 13106: 13104: 13101: 13100: 13098: 13094: 13088: 13085: 13083: 13080: 13078: 13075: 13073: 13070: 13068: 13065: 13063: 13060: 13058: 13055: 13053: 13050: 13049: 13047: 13043: 13037: 13034: 13032: 13031:Sex selection 13029: 13027: 13024: 13020: 13017: 13016: 13015: 13012: 13010: 13007: 13003: 13000: 12998: 12995: 12993: 12990: 12988: 12985: 12984: 12983: 12980: 12978: 12975: 12973: 12970: 12969: 12967: 12965:Other methods 12963: 12957: 12954: 12952: 12949: 12947: 12944: 12942: 12939: 12937: 12934: 12932: 12929: 12927: 12924: 12922: 12919: 12917: 12914: 12912: 12909: 12907: 12904: 12902: 12899: 12897: 12894: 12893: 12891: 12886: 12882: 12876: 12873: 12869: 12866: 12865: 12864: 12863:Gonadotropins 12861: 12859: 12858:GnRH agonists 12856: 12854: 12851: 12847: 12844: 12842: 12839: 12838: 12837: 12834: 12833: 12831: 12829: 12825: 12819: 12816: 12814: 12811: 12809: 12806: 12804: 12801: 12799: 12796: 12794: 12791: 12789: 12786: 12785: 12783: 12781: 12777: 12773: 12766: 12761: 12759: 12754: 12752: 12747: 12746: 12743: 12731: 12730: 12721: 12719: 12718: 12709: 12707: 12706: 12697: 12696: 12693: 12688: 12685: 12683: 12680: 12676: 12673: 12672: 12671: 12668: 12666: 12663: 12661: 12658: 12656: 12650: 12644: 12641: 12639: 12636: 12634: 12631: 12629: 12626: 12624: 12621: 12620: 12611: 12608: 12606: 12603: 12602: 12600: 12598: 12597:United States 12594: 12588: 12585: 12583: 12580: 12578: 12575: 12573: 12570: 12568: 12565: 12564: 12562: 12560: 12556: 12553: 12547: 12542: 12539: 12537: 12534: 12532: 12529: 12527: 12524: 12522: 12519: 12517: 12514: 12512: 12511:Disadvantaged 12509: 12507: 12504: 12502: 12496: 12488: 12485: 12483: 12480: 12478: 12475: 12474: 12473: 12472:Urinary tract 12470: 12464: 12461: 12460: 12459: 12456: 12454: 12451: 12450: 12449: 12448:Mental health 12446: 12445: 12436: 12433: 12427: 12424: 12423: 12422: 12419: 12418: 12417: 12414: 12410: 12407: 12406: 12405: 12402: 12400: 12397: 12396: 12387: 12384: 12378: 12375: 12374: 12373: 12370: 12368: 12365: 12364: 12363: 12360: 12358: 12357:Breast cancer 12355: 12353: 12350: 12349: 12347: 12345: 12341: 12338: 12336: 12330: 12324: 12321: 12319: 12316: 12312: 12309: 12308: 12307: 12304: 12302: 12299: 12297: 12294: 12292: 12289: 12285: 12282: 12281: 12280: 12277: 12275: 12272: 12271: 12269: 12267: 12266:against women 12261: 12258: 12252: 12242: 12241:Sex education 12239: 12237: 12234: 12232: 12229: 12227: 12224: 12222: 12219: 12217: 12214: 12212: 12209: 12205: 12202: 12201: 12200: 12197: 12195: 12192: 12190: 12187: 12185: 12182: 12180: 12177: 12175: 12174:Breast health 12172: 12170: 12167: 12163: 12160: 12158: 12155: 12154: 12153: 12150: 12149: 12146: 12140: 12137: 12133: 12130: 12129: 12128: 12125: 12123: 12120: 12118: 12115: 12114: 12112: 12110: 12104: 12101: 12095: 12083: 12080: 12079: 12078: 12075: 12073: 12070: 12068: 12065: 12063: 12060: 12056: 12053: 12051: 12048: 12046: 12045:Menstrual cup 12043: 12041: 12038: 12037: 12036: 12033: 12031: 12028: 12026: 12023: 12021: 12018: 12016: 12013: 12012: 12010: 12008: 12004: 11998: 11995: 11993: 11990: 11988: 11985: 11983: 11980: 11978: 11975: 11973: 11970: 11968: 11965: 11963: 11960: 11959: 11957: 11955: 11950: 11949:Contraception 11946: 11938: 11935: 11933: 11930: 11929: 11928: 11925: 11921: 11918: 11916: 11913: 11911: 11910:Childlessness 11908: 11907: 11906: 11903: 11902: 11900: 11898: 11895:Reproductive 11892: 11882: 11879: 11875: 11872: 11871: 11870: 11869:Sterilization 11867: 11865: 11862: 11860: 11857: 11855: 11852: 11850: 11847: 11845: 11842: 11841: 11838: 11832: 11829: 11827: 11824: 11820: 11817: 11816: 11815: 11812: 11808: 11805: 11803: 11800: 11799: 11798: 11795: 11793: 11790: 11788: 11785: 11783: 11780: 11778: 11775: 11773: 11770: 11768: 11767:Preterm birth 11765: 11763: 11760: 11759: 11757: 11755: 11751: 11741: 11738: 11736: 11733: 11732: 11731: 11728: 11726: 11723: 11721: 11718: 11716: 11713: 11711: 11708: 11706: 11703: 11702: 11701: 11698: 11696: 11693: 11691: 11688: 11686: 11683: 11681: 11678: 11676: 11673: 11672: 11670: 11668: 11664: 11661: 11659: 11653: 11647: 11644: 11642: 11639: 11637: 11634: 11632: 11629: 11627: 11624: 11622: 11619: 11615: 11612: 11610: 11607: 11603: 11602:Clitoral hood 11600: 11599: 11598: 11595: 11594: 11593: 11590: 11589: 11587: 11585: 11579: 11576: 11573: 11570:Reproductive 11566: 11562: 11558: 11550: 11545: 11543: 11538: 11536: 11531: 11530: 11527: 11514: 11510: 11509: 11505: 11504: 11501: 11496: 11492: 11484: 11480: 11479: 11474: 11470: 11466: 11462: 11461: 11456: 11452: 11451: 11440: 11436: 11432: 11428: 11421: 11416: 11412: 11408: 11403: 11398: 11394: 11390: 11386: 11382: 11378: 11373: 11369: 11363: 11359: 11354: 11353: 11346: 11345: 11331: 11327: 11321: 11305: 11298: 11283: 11279: 11272: 11257: 11253: 11249: 11245: 11238: 11230: 11224: 11209: 11205: 11198: 11190: 11186: 11180: 11165: 11161: 11155: 11140: 11136: 11132: 11128: 11121: 11105: 11101: 11095: 11079: 11073: 11057: 11053: 11047: 11029: 11023: 11015: 11011: 11005: 10997: 10993: 10986: 10978: 10971: 10963: 10959: 10953: 10945: 10941: 10935: 10920: 10916: 10912: 10905: 10897: 10893: 10887: 10879: 10875: 10868: 10852: 10848: 10842: 10831: 10827: 10823: 10816: 10809: 10801: 10797: 10791: 10783: 10779: 10773: 10758: 10754: 10747: 10731: 10727: 10721: 10713: 10709: 10702: 10700: 10683: 10679: 10673: 10671: 10669: 10660: 10656: 10649: 10641: 10637: 10632: 10627: 10623: 10619: 10615: 10608: 10606: 10589: 10583: 10567: 10561: 10545: 10541: 10535: 10519: 10515: 10509: 10493: 10489: 10483: 10467: 10463: 10457: 10441: 10437: 10431: 10415: 10411: 10405: 10397: 10391: 10375: 10371: 10365: 10357: 10351: 10336: 10335:health.gov.il 10332: 10326: 10311: 10305: 10290: 10286: 10279: 10271: 10267: 10262: 10257: 10253: 10249: 10245: 10241: 10237: 10233: 10229: 10222: 10214: 10208: 10192: 10191: 10186: 10180: 10178: 10161: 10157: 10151: 10135: 10131: 10125: 10109: 10105: 10101: 10095: 10079: 10075: 10069: 10061: 10055: 10051: 10050: 10042: 10034: 10030: 10025: 10020: 10016: 10012: 10008: 10001: 9993: 9989: 9985: 9979: 9971: 9967: 9962: 9957: 9953: 9949: 9945: 9938: 9930: 9926: 9921: 9916: 9912: 9908: 9904: 9897: 9882: 9878: 9871: 9863: 9859: 9855: 9851: 9846: 9841: 9837: 9833: 9829: 9822: 9820: 9811: 9807: 9802: 9797: 9793: 9789: 9785: 9781: 9777: 9770: 9762: 9758: 9754: 9750: 9746: 9742: 9735: 9727: 9723: 9719: 9715: 9711: 9707: 9703: 9699: 9695: 9691: 9687: 9683: 9676: 9668: 9664: 9659: 9654: 9649: 9644: 9640: 9636: 9632: 9625: 9617: 9615:9781351241496 9611: 9607: 9603: 9600:. CRC Press. 9599: 9598: 9590: 9588: 9573: 9567: 9563: 9559: 9555: 9551: 9544: 9528: 9524: 9518: 9510: 9506: 9502: 9498: 9493: 9488: 9484: 9480: 9476: 9469: 9461: 9457: 9453: 9449: 9445: 9441: 9437: 9433: 9426: 9424: 9407: 9403: 9399: 9393: 9391: 9389: 9387: 9378: 9374: 9368: 9360: 9356: 9351: 9346: 9342: 9338: 9334: 9327: 9325: 9323: 9321: 9319: 9303: 9300: 9293: 9291: 9289: 9280: 9276: 9271: 9266: 9263:(2): 319–27. 9262: 9258: 9254: 9247: 9239: 9232: 9216: 9211: 9207: 9203: 9199: 9192: 9184: 9180: 9176: 9172: 9167: 9162: 9158: 9154: 9150: 9143: 9135: 9131: 9127: 9123: 9119: 9115: 9108: 9100: 9096: 9092: 9088: 9085:(4): 330–48. 9084: 9080: 9073: 9066: 9064: 9062: 9060: 9058: 9049: 9045: 9040: 9035: 9031: 9027: 9023: 9019: 9015: 9008: 8993: 8989: 8985: 8982: 8975: 8967: 8963: 8959: 8955: 8951: 8947: 8940: 8931: 8915: 8911: 8907: 8902: 8897: 8893: 8889: 8885: 8881: 8877: 8870: 8854: 8850: 8844: 8828: 8822: 8814: 8810: 8803: 8801: 8799: 8782: 8778: 8772: 8764: 8760: 8756: 8750: 8742: 8738: 8734: 8730: 8726: 8722: 8718: 8714: 8710: 8703: 8695: 8691: 8687: 8683: 8679: 8678:Time Magazine 8675: 8668: 8660: 8656: 8652: 8648: 8644: 8640: 8633: 8625: 8621: 8616: 8611: 8607: 8603: 8599: 8595: 8591: 8584: 8576: 8572: 8565: 8563: 8546: 8542: 8536: 8528: 8524: 8518: 8510: 8506: 8500: 8492: 8488: 8484: 8477: 8469: 8465: 8461: 8458:Scheller CA. 8454: 8447: 8442: 8435: 8430: 8422: 8418: 8413: 8408: 8403: 8398: 8394: 8390: 8386: 8382: 8378: 8371: 8363: 8359: 8354: 8349: 8345: 8341: 8337: 8330: 8328: 8326: 8324: 8322: 8320: 8318: 8316: 8307: 8303: 8297: 8281: 8277: 8273: 8266: 8258: 8251: 8243: 8239: 8232: 8230: 8221: 8217: 8210: 8202: 8198: 8191: 8183: 8179: 8175: 8171: 8167: 8163: 8159: 8155: 8148: 8140: 8136: 8132: 8128: 8124: 8120: 8116: 8112: 8108: 8104: 8100: 8093: 8085: 8081: 8076: 8071: 8067: 8063: 8059: 8052: 8050: 8041: 8037: 8032: 8027: 8023: 8019: 8015: 8008: 7992: 7988: 7982: 7974: 7970: 7966: 7962: 7958: 7954: 7947: 7939: 7935: 7930: 7925: 7921: 7917: 7912: 7907: 7903: 7899: 7895: 7888: 7880: 7876: 7872: 7868: 7864: 7860: 7853: 7845: 7838: 7830: 7826: 7822: 7816: 7812: 7805: 7797: 7793: 7786: 7778: 7771: 7755: 7751: 7744: 7736: 7732: 7728: 7724: 7720: 7716: 7709: 7701: 7697: 7692: 7687: 7683: 7679: 7675: 7671: 7667: 7660: 7645: 7641: 7635: 7627: 7623: 7618: 7613: 7608: 7603: 7599: 7595: 7591: 7584: 7576: 7564: 7556: 7554:9783161591822 7550: 7546: 7545: 7537: 7529: 7525: 7521: 7514: 7506: 7502: 7495: 7487: 7483: 7478: 7473: 7469: 7465: 7461: 7454: 7446: 7442: 7437: 7432: 7428: 7424: 7420: 7413: 7411: 7409: 7400: 7396: 7391: 7386: 7382: 7378: 7374: 7367: 7359: 7355: 7350: 7345: 7341: 7337: 7333: 7329: 7325: 7318: 7310: 7306: 7301: 7296: 7292: 7288: 7284: 7277: 7275: 7266: 7260: 7256: 7249: 7241: 7237: 7232: 7227: 7223: 7219: 7215: 7208: 7206: 7204: 7202: 7200: 7191: 7187: 7182: 7177: 7173: 7169: 7165: 7158: 7150: 7146: 7141: 7136: 7132: 7128: 7125:(7570): 679. 7124: 7120: 7116: 7109: 7101: 7097: 7093: 7089: 7084: 7079: 7075: 7071: 7067: 7060: 7052: 7048: 7043: 7038: 7034: 7030: 7026: 7019: 7011: 7007: 7002: 6997: 6993: 6989: 6985: 6978: 6970: 6966: 6961: 6956: 6952: 6948: 6944: 6937: 6929: 6925: 6920: 6915: 6911: 6907: 6903: 6896: 6888: 6884: 6879: 6874: 6870: 6866: 6862: 6855: 6847: 6843: 6838: 6833: 6829: 6825: 6821: 6817: 6813: 6806: 6798: 6794: 6793: 6785: 6777: 6773: 6768: 6763: 6759: 6755: 6751: 6744: 6742: 6733: 6729: 6724: 6719: 6715: 6711: 6707: 6700: 6698: 6689: 6685: 6680: 6675: 6671: 6667: 6663: 6656: 6648: 6644: 6640: 6636: 6631: 6626: 6622: 6618: 6614: 6607: 6591: 6587: 6581: 6573: 6569: 6564: 6559: 6555: 6551: 6547: 6540: 6538: 6536: 6527: 6523: 6518: 6513: 6509: 6505: 6501: 6494: 6486: 6482: 6477: 6472: 6467: 6462: 6458: 6454: 6450: 6443: 6435: 6431: 6426: 6421: 6416: 6411: 6407: 6403: 6399: 6395: 6391: 6384: 6376: 6372: 6367: 6362: 6358: 6354: 6350: 6346: 6342: 6335: 6327: 6323: 6318: 6313: 6309: 6305: 6301: 6294: 6286: 6282: 6277: 6272: 6268: 6264: 6260: 6253: 6245: 6241: 6236: 6231: 6227: 6223: 6219: 6215: 6211: 6204: 6196: 6192: 6187: 6182: 6178: 6174: 6170: 6163: 6147: 6143: 6137: 6129: 6125: 6121: 6117: 6113: 6109: 6102: 6094: 6087: 6071: 6067: 6063: 6056: 6048: 6044: 6039: 6034: 6030: 6026: 6022: 6015: 6013: 6011: 6002: 5998: 5993: 5988: 5984: 5980: 5976: 5969: 5961: 5957: 5952: 5947: 5943: 5939: 5935: 5931: 5927: 5923: 5919: 5912: 5910: 5894: 5890: 5884: 5876: 5872: 5867: 5862: 5858: 5854: 5850: 5843: 5835: 5831: 5826: 5821: 5817: 5813: 5809: 5805: 5801: 5797: 5793: 5786: 5777: 5772: 5768: 5764: 5760: 5753: 5745: 5739: 5731: 5727: 5722: 5717: 5713: 5709: 5705: 5701: 5697: 5690: 5682: 5678: 5673: 5668: 5664: 5660: 5656: 5649: 5641: 5637: 5632: 5627: 5623: 5619: 5615: 5608: 5600: 5596: 5591: 5586: 5582: 5578: 5574: 5567: 5565: 5556: 5552: 5548: 5544: 5540: 5536: 5529: 5521: 5517: 5513: 5509: 5505: 5501: 5497: 5493: 5485: 5477: 5473: 5468: 5463: 5459: 5455: 5451: 5444: 5438: 5434: 5431: 5425: 5417: 5413: 5408: 5403: 5399: 5395: 5391: 5384: 5376: 5372: 5365: 5349: 5345: 5339: 5331: 5327: 5322: 5317: 5313: 5309: 5305: 5298: 5290: 5286: 5282: 5278: 5274: 5270: 5266: 5262: 5255: 5247: 5243: 5238: 5233: 5229: 5225: 5221: 5214: 5206: 5202: 5201: 5196: 5190: 5182: 5178: 5173: 5168: 5164: 5160: 5156: 5149: 5141: 5137: 5132: 5127: 5123: 5119: 5115: 5111: 5107: 5100: 5092: 5088: 5083: 5078: 5074: 5070: 5066: 5059: 5057: 5055: 5053: 5044: 5040: 5035: 5030: 5026: 5022: 5018: 5014: 5010: 5003: 4995: 4991: 4986: 4981: 4977: 4973: 4969: 4962: 4954: 4950: 4945: 4940: 4936: 4932: 4928: 4924: 4920: 4913: 4905: 4901: 4895: 4887: 4883: 4878: 4873: 4869: 4865: 4861: 4857: 4853: 4846: 4844: 4842: 4840: 4838: 4836: 4834: 4832: 4823: 4819: 4814: 4809: 4805: 4801: 4797: 4793: 4789: 4782: 4774: 4770: 4766: 4760: 4758: 4756: 4747: 4743: 4738: 4733: 4730:(1): 97–103. 4729: 4725: 4721: 4714: 4703: 4696: 4694: 4685: 4681: 4676: 4671: 4667: 4663: 4659: 4652: 4644: 4640: 4635: 4630: 4626: 4622: 4618: 4611: 4603: 4599: 4594: 4589: 4585: 4581: 4577: 4573: 4569: 4562: 4554: 4550: 4545: 4540: 4536: 4532: 4528: 4521: 4519: 4517: 4508: 4504: 4499: 4494: 4489: 4484: 4480: 4476: 4472: 4468: 4464: 4460: 4454: 4452: 4443: 4439: 4434: 4429: 4425: 4421: 4417: 4410: 4402: 4398: 4393: 4388: 4384: 4380: 4376: 4369: 4361: 4357: 4352: 4347: 4343: 4339: 4335: 4328: 4326: 4317: 4313: 4308: 4303: 4298: 4293: 4289: 4285: 4281: 4274: 4263: 4259: 4253: 4246: 4245: 4238: 4236: 4234: 4232: 4230: 4221: 4217: 4212: 4207: 4203: 4199: 4195: 4188: 4173: 4169: 4168:"Miscarriage" 4163: 4148: 4144: 4138: 4136: 4127: 4123: 4119: 4115: 4110: 4105: 4101: 4097: 4093: 4086: 4070: 4066: 4062: 4056: 4041: 4037: 4031: 4016: 4012: 4006: 3998: 3994: 3987: 3971: 3967: 3963: 3957: 3949: 3945: 3941: 3934: 3932: 3916: 3912: 3906: 3891: 3887: 3881: 3879: 3870: 3866: 3862: 3858: 3854: 3850: 3846: 3842: 3835: 3827: 3823: 3818: 3813: 3809: 3805: 3801: 3794: 3792: 3783: 3782: 3777: 3771: 3756: 3752: 3745: 3729: 3728: 3723: 3722: 3715: 3699: 3698: 3697:The Telegraph 3693: 3687: 3672:. p. 159 3671: 3670: 3669:New Scientist 3665: 3658: 3650: 3646: 3641: 3636: 3632: 3628: 3624: 3617: 3609: 3605: 3600: 3595: 3591: 3587: 3583: 3579: 3575: 3568: 3552: 3548: 3542: 3540: 3531: 3527: 3523: 3519: 3515: 3511: 3507: 3503: 3496: 3494: 3486: 3484: 3470: 3466: 3459: 3457: 3440: 3436: 3430: 3426: 3416: 3413: 3411: 3408: 3406: 3403: 3401: 3400:Sex selection 3398: 3396: 3392: 3391: 3387: 3385: 3382: 3381: 3372: 3368: 3365: 3362: 3358: 3355: 3352: 3348: 3344: 3340: 3339:antiestrogens 3336: 3332: 3328: 3325: 3322: 3318: 3314: 3310: 3306: 3302: 3298: 3295: 3294: 3293: 3289: 3279: 3275: 3273: 3269: 3265: 3261: 3257: 3253: 3250: 3247:In 2024, the 3245: 3242: 3237: 3232: 3229: 3223: 3220: 3217:of President 3215: 3210: 3206: 3204: 3200: 3195: 3187: 3183: 3179: 3173:United States 3170: 3168: 3163: 3158: 3156: 3152: 3148: 3143: 3140: 3135: 3131: 3127: 3123: 3119: 3109: 3107: 3096: 3094: 3093:single parent 3083: 3081: 3076: 3066: 3063: 3058: 3057: 3053: 3044: 3041: 3036: 3031: 3028: 3027:New Brunswick 3024: 3015: 3013: 3004: 3002: 2987: 2983: 2974: 2970: 2961: 2959: 2948: 2946: 2930: 2926: 2922: 2918: 2916: 2900: 2891: 2882: 2873: 2871: 2866: 2857: 2855: 2851: 2847: 2843: 2839: 2835: 2831: 2827: 2823: 2815: 2811: 2806: 2802: 2801: 2800: 2798: 2793: 2791: 2787: 2783: 2779: 2775: 2773: 2769: 2764: 2762: 2758: 2754: 2753:contraception 2750: 2746: 2740: 2730: 2728: 2724: 2723: 2718: 2713: 2711: 2707: 2701: 2698: 2693: 2691: 2687: 2682: 2677: 2674: 2670: 2666: 2662: 2658: 2654: 2650: 2645: 2643: 2636: 2632: 2622: 2620: 2615: 2612: 2607: 2597: 2593: 2591: 2587: 2581: 2571: 2568: 2567:Nadya Suleman 2564: 2562: 2561: 2554: 2551: 2548: 2542: 2538: 2528: 2526: 2515: 2513: 2509: 2504: 2496: 2492: 2488: 2479: 2477: 2471: 2462: 2460: 2456: 2452: 2447: 2445: 2441: 2436: 2434: 2433:sex selection 2430: 2424: 2422: 2418: 2417:unintentional 2414: 2410: 2401: 2398: 2394: 2378: 2376: 2372: 2368: 2364: 2359: 2357: 2353: 2349: 2345: 2341: 2336: 2335:1.4 to 9.7). 2334: 2330: 2326: 2322: 2318: 2314: 2309: 2306: 2302: 2298: 2294: 2290: 2286: 2282: 2277: 2273: 2271: 2256: 2253: 2251: 2248: 2247: 2243: 2240: 2238: 2235: 2234: 2230: 2227: 2225: 2224:preterm birth 2222: 2221: 2217: 2214: 2212: 2209: 2208: 2204: 2201: 2199: 2196: 2195: 2191: 2188: 2186: 2183: 2182: 2178: 2175: 2173: 2170: 2169: 2165: 2162: 2160: 2157: 2156: 2152: 2149: 2147: 2144: 2143: 2139: 2136: 2134: 2131: 2130: 2126: 2123: 2121: 2118: 2117: 2114: 2111: 2109: 2106: 2105: 2102: 2096: 2094: 2089: 2086: 2085: 2081: 2075: 2073: 2069: 2065: 2061: 2057: 2052: 2048: 2047:relative risk 2041:Birth defects 2038: 2036: 2032: 2029: 2025: 2020: 2018: 2014: 2010: 2006: 2002: 1997: 1993: 1988: 1986: 1985:breast cancer 1982: 1978: 1974: 1970: 1965: 1963: 1959: 1955: 1952: 1948: 1938: 1936: 1932: 1927: 1924: 1920: 1916: 1911: 1909: 1905: 1901: 1896: 1894: 1893:sperm washing 1884: 1881: 1877: 1875: 1871: 1867: 1857: 1855: 1851: 1847: 1829: 1825: 1821: 1817: 1813: 1809: 1805: 1801: 1797: 1794:is where the 1793: 1790: 1787: 1784: 1781: 1777: 1773: 1769: 1766: 1762: 1758: 1754: 1751: 1748: 1745: 1741: 1737: 1733: 1729: 1725: 1722: 1718: 1714: 1710: 1706: 1702: 1699: 1698: 1692: 1689: 1687: 1681: 1679: 1674: 1670: 1664: 1662: 1658: 1654: 1649: 1645: 1635: 1633: 1629: 1625: 1617: 1613: 1609: 1606: 1605:sex selection 1602: 1598: 1594: 1590: 1587: 1586: 1585: 1582: 1580: 1576: 1572: 1568: 1564: 1559: 1549: 1540: 1538: 1534: 1530: 1527:of +16% (95% 1526: 1522: 1521:GnRH agonists 1518: 1514: 1513:corpus luteum 1510: 1509:embryogenesis 1506: 1502: 1501:GnRH agonists 1498: 1494: 1490: 1485: 1475: 1473: 1469: 1465: 1460: 1453: 1443: 1441: 1436: 1432: 1428: 1424: 1420: 1414: 1404: 1402: 1398: 1394: 1390: 1389:preterm birth 1386: 1382: 1378: 1374: 1370: 1369:co-incubation 1366: 1362: 1361:co-incubation 1358: 1352: 1342: 1340: 1335: 1333: 1329: 1325: 1321: 1320:fertilisation 1317: 1316:culture media 1308: 1302:Co-incubation 1299: 1297: 1293: 1292:sperm washing 1289: 1284: 1280: 1279:fertilisation 1276: 1275:cumulus cells 1266: 1263: 1259: 1254: 1248: 1241:Egg retrieval 1238: 1235: 1231: 1227: 1223: 1219: 1213: 1203: 1201: 1197: 1193: 1189: 1185: 1179: 1177: 1173: 1169: 1161: 1157: 1153: 1149: 1146: 1143: 1139: 1136: 1132: 1128: 1127: 1126: 1122: 1112: 1110: 1106: 1101: 1099: 1095: 1091: 1087: 1086:gonadotropins 1082: 1080: 1075: 1071: 1066: 1064: 1061:and level of 1060: 1054: 1044: 1042: 1038: 1034: 1030: 1021: 1011: 1008: 1000: 990: 986: 980: 979: 974:This section 972: 968: 963: 962: 954: 952: 947: 945: 941: 937: 933: 929: 925: 921: 917: 913: 909: 905: 901: 897: 892: 889: 885: 880: 878: 873: 869: 865: 861: 860:meta analysis 857: 852: 846: 842: 838: 836: 833: 830: 827: 824: 821: 817: 813: 812:Salpingectomy 810: 807: 803: 799: 795: 791: 787: 783: 779: 776: 773: 770: 766: 763: 762: 761: 759: 750: 747: 743: 739: 735: 731: 727: 723: 719: 716: 713: 709: 705: 702: 701:semen quality 698: 694: 690: 686: 683: 680: 677: 674: 673: 672: 670: 663: 658: 654: 652: 648: 644: 634: 631: 627: 617: 615: 611: 600: 597: 594: 591: 588: 585: 584: 580: 577: 574: 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donation 12884: 12727: 12715: 12703: 12426:Hip fracture 12421:Osteoporosis 12162:Infibulation 12062:Dysmenorrhea 12055:Sanitary pad 12007:Menstruation 11735:Preeclampsia 11730:Hypertension 11614:Labia majora 11609:Labia minora 11506: 11483:the original 11476: 11465:the original 11458: 11430: 11426: 11384: 11380: 11356:. 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The 3115: 3102: 3089: 3072: 3059: 3055: 3054: 3050: 3032: 3025: 3021: 3010: 3001:donated eggs 2998: 2984: 2980: 2971: 2962: 2954: 2941: 2927: 2923: 2919: 2911: 2897: 2888: 2879: 2867: 2863: 2844:– a woman's 2841: 2830:masturbation 2819: 2809: 2794: 2776: 2765: 2742: 2720: 2714: 2702: 2694: 2678: 2657:egg donation 2646: 2638: 2616: 2613: 2609: 2594: 2583: 2565: 2558: 2555: 2552: 2544: 2521: 2501: 2489: 2485: 2475: 2472: 2468: 2458: 2448: 2437: 2425: 2407: 2389: 2360: 2337: 2331:of 3.7 (95% 2310: 2281:hypertension 2278: 2274: 2267: 2064:cleft palate 2044: 2033: 2021: 1989: 1966: 1960: 1956: 1944: 1935:embryologist 1928: 1912: 1897: 1890: 1878: 1863: 1843: 1824:mitochondria 1800:mitochondria 1757:egg donation 1690: 1682: 1678:chemotherapy 1665: 1651: 1621: 1583: 1561: 1546: 1505:implantation 1493:progesterone 1487: 1472:implantation 1455: 1416: 1354: 1336: 1313: 1272: 1253:transvaginal 1250: 1234:GnRH agonist 1215: 1188:GnRH agonist 1180: 1168:Louise Brown 1165: 1150:; IVF using 1124: 1102: 1083: 1070:GnRH agonist 1067: 1056: 1026: 1003: 994: 983:Please help 978:verification 975: 948: 938:or clinical 924:myo-inositol 896:antioxidants 893: 881: 853: 850: 845:implantation 816:laparoscopic 794:hypertension 758:determinants 755: 718:Progesterone 712:het-norm/low 711: 667: 643:maternal age 640: 623: 606: 540: 533: 525: 488:< 35 479: 475: 471: 463: 426:< 35 416: 405: 396: 384: 368: 361: 338: 324:Medical uses 315: 303: 279:Louise Brown 276: 258: 254:Petri dishes 247: 232: 219:egg donation 217:Assisted by 216: 191:Louise Brown 188: 161: 139:) undergoes 109: 105: 104: 46: 29: 14137:Cryobiology 14071:Apgar score 13855:Hepatitis C 13841:Infections 13681:Development 13666:Endometrium 13624:Water birth 13542:Bloody show 13473:Men's roles 13403:Preparation 13355:Heterotopic 12868:menotropins 12780:Infertility 12729:WikiProject 12416:Bone health 12352:Lung cancer 12189:Dyspareunia 12132:HPV vaccine 12072:Amenorrhoea 12067:Menorrhagia 11905:Infertility 11854:Stillbirths 11715:Miscarriage 11213:22 February 11169:22 February 11144:22 February 10962:ipsnews.net 10813:Inhorn MC. 10572:26 December 10550:24 December 10498:5 September 10472:17 February 10414:Independent 10380:23 February 10166:30 November 10140:30 November 10114:30 November 10084:30 November 9577:30 November 9307:30 November 8833:25 November 8787:25 November 7760:12 November 7571:|work= 5802:(1): 4394. 5769:(3): e231. 4578:(1): 1–11. 3734:4 September 3676:4 September 3483:Bob Edwards 3469:Independent 3331:anovulation 2885:Men and IVF 2820:Within the 2768:natural law 2757:marital sex 2706:transferred 2695:During the 2681:transferred 2586:transgender 2348:confounders 2327:), with an 2319:(including 1992:Neuroticism 1971:, nor with 1900:hepatitis B 1854:prematurity 1820:nuclear DNA 1744:metabolomes 1601:sex linkage 1296:sperm donor 1115:Natural IVF 888:endometrial 868:acupuncture 786:miscarriage 693:Comet assay 630:miscarriage 626:Mayo Clinic 408:miscarriage 371:anovulation 335:Infertility 329:Indications 229:Terminology 170:treatment, 168:infertility 145:transferred 14147:Obstetrics 14116:Categories 14076:Child care 13969:Postpartum 13928:Procedures 13880:Dermatoses 13736:Nutrition 13594:Home birth 13516:Pelvimetry 13395:Childbirth 13375:Unintended 13231:Conception 13190:childbirth 13082:Sperm bank 12654:by country 12458:Depression 12109:infections 11814:Episiotomy 11754:Childbirth 11685:Obstetrics 10996:abc.net.au 10688:2 December 10446:30 October 10420:2 November 10315:2 December 9886:7 December 9786:(1): 4–8. 9412:7 December 9153:Andrologia 9120:(3): 324. 8920:3 November 8109:(11): 55. 7997:5 November 7904:(1): 668. 6152:2 November 5942:2066/98072 4459:Gleicher N 4290:(1): 100. 4152:29 October 3997:Day to Day 3895:5 November 3760:8 December 3584:: 102343. 3557:5 November 3421:References 3214:Costa Rica 2990:By country 2804:physician. 2712:research. 2578:See also: 2535:See also: 2525:childbirth 2329:odds ratio 2257:1.48–2.37 2244:1.56–1.75 2231:1.47–1.62 2218:1.27–1.53 2205:1.10–1.28 2192:1.33–1.66 2179:1.51–1.60 2166:1.07–1.26 2153:1.39–1.59 2140:2.30–2.69 2127:1.33–2.09 2099:confidence 2017:depression 2001:depression 1981:confounder 1868:at birth. 1812:introduced 1804:fertilised 1776:live birth 1721:blastocyst 1632:blastocyst 1628:blastocyst 1624:pre-embryo 1543:Expansions 1517:live birth 1507:and early 1499:, hCG, or 1497:progestins 1401:odds ratio 1393:odds ratio 1365:blastocyst 1232:. Using a 1192:live birth 920:folic acid 894:Intake of 769:blastocyst 752:justified. 730:odds ratio 669:Biomarkers 412:stillbirth 299:Jean Purdy 250:test tubes 212:Jean Purdy 84:ICD-10-PCS 14127:Fertility 13584:Caesarean 13350:Abdominal 13186:Pregnancy 13036:Surrogacy 12846:clomifene 12284:Pregnancy 12264:Violence 12204:Vaginitis 12077:Menopause 11937:Fostering 11927:Parenting 11897:life plan 11762:Midwifery 11740:Eclampsia 11667:Pregnancy 11656:Maternal 11256:0190-8286 11164:USA TODAY 11139:0261-3077 10924:5 January 10915:NEWS BLOG 10594:8 October 10524:5 October 10252:2399-3529 10197:16 August 9875:ColoCRM. 9862:203983887 9726:252136338 9706:2688-4887 9509:231990647 9460:205373980 9134:143676709 9099:145574208 8997:4 October 8992:0362-4331 8966:144808526 8733:0098-7484 8123:0002-936X 7953:Maturitas 7920:1661-7827 7859:Bioethics 7829:782252371 7798:. 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