139:
3432:
3453:
25:
117:
129:
751:. To reduce these risks, treatment is provided in a hospital, where adequate isolation from infection is available. They are usually administered for five days intravenously in the appropriate quantity. Patients stay in the hospital as long as three weeks to give the immune system time to recover to a point where there is no longer a risk of
896:, consisting of the α, β, and γ chains. The IL-2a (CD25, T-cell activation antigen, TAC) is expressed only by the already-activated T lymphocytes. Therefore, it is of special significance to the selective immunosuppressive treatment, and research has been focused on the development of effective and safe anti-IL-2 antibodies. By the use of
836:
activation and proliferation by binding the T-cell receptor complex present on all differentiated T cells. As such it was one of the first potent immunosuppressive substances and was administered to control the steroid- and/or polyclonal antibodies-resistant acute rejection episodes. As it acts more
2045:
Kucharzik T, Ellul P, Greuter T, Rahier JF, Verstockt B, Abreu C, Albuquerque A, Allocca M, Esteve M, Farraye FA, Gordon H, Karmiris K, Kopylov U, Kirchgesner J, MacMahon E, Magro F, Maaser C, de Ridder L, Taxonera C, Toruner M, Tremblay L, Scharl M, Viget N, Zabana Y, Vavricka S (June 2021). "ECCO
1083:
Contrary to ciclosporin and tacrolimus, drugs that affect the first phase of T lymphocyte activation, sirolimus affects the second phase, namely signal transduction and lymphocyte clonal proliferation. It binds to FKBP1A like tacrolimus, however the complex does not inhibit calcineurin but another
990:(NMSC) after kidney transplantation is common and can result in significant morbidity and mortality. The results of several studies suggest that calcineurin inhibitors have oncogenic properties mainly linked to the production of cytokines that promote tumor growth, metastasis and angiogenesis.
840:
The muromonab's mechanism of action is only partially understood. It is known that the molecule binds TCR/CD3 receptor complex. In the first few administrations this binding non-specifically activates T-cells, leading to a serious syndrome 30 to 60 minutes later. It is characterized by fever,
1170:
may cause immunosuppression of both innate and adaptive immunity. Decrease in proliferation as well as immune function has been observed in macrophages, as well as lymphocytes. It is thought that these effects are mediated by opioid receptors expressed on the surface of these immune cells.
837:
specifically than polyclonal antibodies it was also used prophylactically in transplantations. However, muromonab-CD3 is no longer produced, and this mouse monoclonal antibody has been replaced in the clinic with chimeric, humanized, or human monoclonal antibodies.
1088:. Therefore, sirolimus acts synergistically with ciclosporin and, in combination with other immunosuppressants, has few side effects. Also, it indirectly inhibits several T lymphocyte-specific kinases and phosphatases, hence preventing their transition from G
876:
reducing the effectiveness of muromonab-CD3. Muromonab-CD3 can cause excessive immunosuppression. Although CD3 antibodies act more specifically than polyclonal antibodies, they lower the cell-mediated immunity significantly, predisposing the patient to
908:(Zenapax). These drugs act by binding the IL-2a receptor's α chain, preventing the IL-2 induced clonal expansion of activated lymphocytes and shortening their survival. They are used in the prophylaxis of the acute organ rejection after bilateral
1222:
or inducing a latent infection to become active. Infliximab and adalimumab have label warnings stating that patients should be evaluated for latent TB infection and treatment should be initiated prior to starting therapy with them.
806:. The most frequent combination is to use antibodies and ciclosporin simultaneously in order to prevent patients from gradually developing a strong immune response to these drugs, reducing or eliminating their effectiveness.
821:- (CD25-) and CD3-directed antibodies. They are used to prevent the rejection of transplanted organs, but also to track changes in the lymphocyte subpopulations. It is reasonable to expect similar new drugs in the future.
1260:
nucleotide synthesis. In contrast to other human cell types, lymphocytes B and T are very dependent on this process. Mycophenolate mofetil is used in combination with ciclosporin or tacrolimus in transplant patients.
5224:
849:. Sometimes it develops in a life-threatening reaction of the cardiovascular system and the central nervous system, requiring a lengthy therapy. Past this period CD3 blocks the TCR-antigen binding and causes
637:
are sometimes used as a quick and potent immunosuppressive therapy to prevent the acute rejection reactions as well as a targeted treatment of lymphoproliferative or autoimmune disorders (e.g., anti-
433:. In immunotherapy, they are used in smaller doses than in the treatment of malignant diseases. They affect the proliferation of both T cells and B cells. Due to their highest effectiveness,
775:
1032:
The drug is used primarily in liver and kidney transplantations, although in some clinics it is used in heart, lung, and heart/lung transplantations. It binds to the immunophilin
1199:(Humira) that binds to TNF-α, preventing it from inducing the synthesis of IL-1 and IL-6 and the adhesion of lymphocyte-activating molecules. They are used in the treatment of
2094:
569:(Prometheus' Imuran), is the main immunosuppressive cytotoxic substance. It is extensively used to control transplant rejection reactions. It is nonenzymatically cleaved to
465:
compounds, and others. Cyclophosphamide (Baxter's
Cytoxan) is probably the most potent immunosuppressive compound. In small doses, it is very efficient in the therapy of
857:. The cross-binding of CD3 molecules as well activates an intracellular signal causing the T cell anergy or apoptosis, unless the cells receive another signal through a
892:
is an important immune system regulator necessary for the clone expansion and survival of activated lymphocytes T. Its effects are mediated by the trimer cell surface
941:
inhibitor (CNI). It has been in use since 1983 and is one of the most widely used immunosuppressive drugs. It is a cyclic fungal peptide, composed of 11 amino acids.
853:
or the removal of the entire TCR3/CD3 complex from the T-cell surface. This lowers the number of available T-cells, perhaps by sensitizing them for the uptake by the
1092:
to S phase of the cell cycle. In a similar manner, Sirolimus prevents B cell differentiation into plasma cells, reducing production of IgM, IgG, and IgA antibodies.
685:
treatment. However, they are added primarily to other immunosuppressives to diminish their dosage and toxicity. They also allow transition to cyclosporin therapy.
5339:
1080:. It is used to prevent rejection reactions. Although it is a structural analogue of tacrolimus, it acts somewhat differently and has different side-effects.
3384:
2464:
1864:"Conversion from calcineurin inhibitor to mycophenolate mofetil-based immunosuppression changes the frequency and phenotype of CD4+FOXP3+ regulatory T cells"
1723:"Molecular pathway profiling of T lymphocyte signal transduction pathways; Th1 and Th2 genomic fingerprints are defined by TCR and CD28-mediated signaling"
249:
35:
2432:
795:
2333:
900:, the mouse anti-Tac antibodies have been modified, leading to the presentation of two chimeric mouse/human anti-Tac antibodies in the year 1998:
4932:
3441:
5575:
308:
proliferation. With decreased T cell proliferation there is decreased production of IL-2. This further decreases the proliferation of T cells.
5174:
4789:
4647:
3490:
1528:
744:
1280:(lymphatic nodes) and their number in the circulation is diminished. In this respect, it differs from all other known immunosuppressants.
4799:
4485:
3926:
2454:
2357:
3235:
1250:
3195:
558:. It is used in the treatment of autoimmune diseases (for example rheumatoid arthritis or Behcet's Disease) and in transplantations.
96:
743:, obtained from rabbit serum. Polyclonal antibodies affect all lymphocytes and cause general immunosuppression, possibly leading to
4406:
68:
4995:
975:
Ciclosporin is used in the treatment of acute rejection reactions, but has been increasingly substituted with newer, and less
75:
2808:
2130:
Costantino A, Michelon M, Noviello D, Macaluso FS, Leone S, Bonaccorso N, Costantino C, Vecchi M, Caprioli F (October 2023).
1648:
1564:
1150:
IFN-β suppresses the production of Th1 cytokines and the activation of monocytes. It is used to slow down the progression of
573:, that acts as a purine analogue and an inhibitor of DNA synthesis. Mercaptopurine itself can also be administered directly.
3095:
3088:
2404:
1774:"Monoclonal antibodies that identify the CD3 molecules expressed specifically at the surface of porcine gammadelta-T cells"
1272:
is a synthetic immunosuppressant. It increases the expression or changes the function of certain adhesion molecules (α4/β7
5437:
5318:
5313:
4925:
817:
are directed towards exactly defined antigens. Therefore, they cause fewer side-effects. Especially significant are the
82:
2838:
2701:
2181:
Gillett NA, Chan C (April 2000). "Applications of immunohistochemistry in the evaluation of immunosuppressive agents".
1382:
1590:"The anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive effects of glucocorticoids, recent developments and mechanistic insights"
5656:
4982:
4349:
3719:
2462:
54:
5244:
5229:
4960:
3483:
2315:
1362:
474:
64:
5358:
4758:
2991:
2447:
2010:
Zbinden D, Manuel O (February 2014). "Influenza vaccination in immunocompromised patients: efficacy and safety".
629:
446:
5661:
5363:
5334:
5308:
4918:
2111:
2103:
1533:
762:
of polyclonal antibodies, almost all patients have an acute reaction to the treatment. It is characterized by
240:, and autoimmune disorders. They are also administered as posttransplantory immunosuppressants to prevent the
5239:
5219:
5277:
5204:
3555:
2690:
2472:
1457:
among patients taking immunosuppressive drugs, despite a generally positive attitude towards vaccinations.
1449:
should be investigated before starting any treatment, and patients should eventually be vaccinated against
1366:
466:
393:
365:
Glucocorticoids also stimulate the lipocortin-1 escaping to the extracellular space, where it binds to the
1441:. However, the vaccination status of patients taking immunosuppressive drugs for chronic diseases such as
5651:
5282:
3664:
3476:
3301:
2132:"Attitudes towards Vaccinations in a National Italian Cohort of Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease"
1454:
1450:
716:. In this way, polyclonal antibodies inhibit cell-mediated immune reactions, including graft rejection,
5287:
5143:
5065:
3534:
2951:
2440:
2341:
1496:
and action. Actual or suspected immunosuppressive agents can be evaluated in terms of their effects on
1446:
1076:
2046:
Guidelines on the
Prevention, Diagnosis, and Management of Infections in Inflammatory Bowel Disease".
1862:
Demirkiran A, Sewgobind VD, van der Weijde J, Kok A, Baan CC, Kwekkeboom J, et al. (April 2009).
5630:
5169:
5040:
5035:
4212:
3468:
1434:
1422:
854:
725:
245:
43:
2422:
89:
5234:
5060:
4592:
2426:
1017:
987:
778:. Serum sickness arises seven to fourteen days after the therapy has begun. The patient has fever,
717:
670:
348:
335:
Glucocorticoids influence all types of inflammatory events, no matter their cause. They induce the
1963:"Efficacy of covid-19 vaccines in immunocompromised patients: systematic review and meta-analysis"
5401:
5346:
5097:
5005:
4587:
3006:
2684:
2535:
878:
678:
551:
39:
794:(hives) can also be present. It is possible to diminish their toxicity by using highly purified
50:
5625:
5351:
5209:
5092:
5087:
5082:
5045:
4392:
3818:
2798:
1398:
1204:
982:
Calcineurin inhibitors and azathioprine have been linked with post-transplant malignancies and
909:
832:
is a murine anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody of the IgG2a type that was previously used to prevent
601:
261:
5531:
2365:
798:
and intravenous administration in the combination with other immunosuppressants, for example,
5615:
5552:
5499:
5463:
5391:
5072:
5050:
5030:
4941:
4579:
2728:
2664:
2509:
2074:
1461:
1429:, because the majority of them act non-selectively, resulting in increased susceptibility to
1184:
873:
850:
814:
650:
681:) are being used. They are part of the steroid-resistant acute rejection reaction and grave
5422:
5179:
5055:
5020:
2803:
2783:
2652:
2190:
1553:
Jennings DL (2020). DiPiro JT, Yee GC, Posey LM, Haines ST, Nolin TD, Ellingrod VL (eds.).
1501:
1442:
1338:
1307:
1200:
531:
241:
8:
5515:
5010:
4972:
4967:
4955:
3800:
3412:
3148:
2934:
2713:
2540:
2381:
2358:"Are Immunosuppressive Drugs a Useful Adjuvant to Treatment of HIV with Antiretrovirals?"
1523:
1390:
1354:
1128:
1015:
Tacrolimus (trade names
Prograf, Astagraf XL, Envarsus XR) is a product of the bacterium
701:
2194:
2158:
2131:
1183:(tumor necrosis factor-alpha) binding protein is a monoclonal antibody or a circulating
5386:
4749:
3850:
3446:
3311:
3170:
2624:
2295:
2214:
1987:
1962:
1943:
1893:
1798:
1773:
1749:
1722:
1721:
Smeets RL, Fleuren WW, He X, Vink PM, Wijnands F, Gorecka M, et al. (March 2012).
1698:
1673:
1614:
1589:
1402:
1386:
1370:
1342:
1208:
1151:
705:
1226:
TNF or the effects of TNF are also suppressed by various natural compounds, including
1001:
monotherapy, patients were found to have increased graft success and T-Reg frequency.
5620:
5600:
5595:
5494:
5396:
5148:
4754:
4744:
3545:
3503:
3452:
3407:
3190:
3180:
3083:
2913:
2869:
2853:
2657:
2647:
2590:
2580:
2260:
2206:
2163:
2086:
2063:
2027:
1992:
1935:
1885:
1844:
1803:
1789:
1754:
1703:
1654:
1644:
1619:
1570:
1560:
1513:
1346:
1299:
1246:
1022:
994:
693:
389:
2299:
2218:
1897:
5442:
5000:
4550:
4453:
4116:
4012:
3417:
3240:
3165:
3153:
3078:
2944:
2823:
2612:
2285:
2250:
2198:
2153:
2143:
2078:
2055:
2019:
1982:
1974:
1947:
1927:
1875:
1834:
1793:
1785:
1744:
1734:
1693:
1685:
1609:
1601:
1426:
1311:
1277:
1070:
Sirolimus (rapamycin, trade name
Rapamune) is a macrolide lactone, produced by the
1056:. Tacrolimus is more potent than ciclosporin and has less pronounced side-effects.
585:
555:
470:
454:
392:, and the release of various inflammatory mediators (lysosomal enzymes, cytokines,
351:
344:
312:
297:
2884:
1492:. The immunosuppressive drugs also interact with other medicines and affect their
5427:
5267:
5125:
5107:
5025:
5015:
4849:
4734:
3457:
3402:
3271:
3266:
3105:
3038:
3033:
2919:
2865:
2706:
2597:
2550:
897:
748:
682:
265:
1961:
Lee AR, Wong SY, Chai LY, Lee SC, Lee MX, Muthiah MD, et al. (March 2022).
1880:
1863:
1408:
Treat some other non-autoimmune inflammatory diseases (e.g., long term allergic
5489:
5406:
5199:
5135:
4739:
4607:
4255:
4089:
4068:
4064:
4060:
3688:
3525:
3436:
3336:
3331:
3185:
3175:
3125:
3110:
3100:
3001:
2996:
2986:
2924:
2896:
2848:
2843:
2575:
2530:
2526:
2202:
2082:
2059:
1489:
1485:
858:
803:
759:
752:
740:
570:
517:
493:
362:(both COX-1 and COX-2) expression is also suppressed, potentiating the effect.
359:
229:
215:
1605:
1574:
5645:
5557:
5547:
5468:
5432:
5262:
5120:
5115:
5077:
4990:
4889:
4819:
4729:
4636:
4422:
4122:
4044:
3996:
3976:
3834:
3750:
3601:
3567:
3368:
3341:
3200:
3018:
2929:
2909:
2905:
2768:
2696:
2585:
2500:
2392:
2148:
1658:
1477:
1469:
998:
961:
953:
893:
889:
829:
818:
605:
581:
430:
373:
340:
320:
293:
289:
285:
281:
277:
273:
269:
225:
168:
142:
2290:
2273:
1978:
1739:
5484:
5458:
4899:
4859:
4844:
4839:
4555:
4505:
4500:
4480:
4360:
4355:
4218:
4203:
4151:
4127:
4074:
3951:
3941:
3760:
3677:
3672:
3630:
3583:
3540:
3507:
3326:
3245:
2981:
2939:
2773:
2763:
2679:
2674:
2264:
2210:
2167:
2090:
2067:
2031:
1996:
1889:
1848:
1807:
1758:
1707:
1623:
1554:
1473:
1465:
1334:
1219:
1071:
949:
697:
654:
597:
566:
543:
526:
513:
504:
478:
421:
385:
336:
237:
1939:
1638:
138:
5562:
5214:
5153:
4894:
4834:
4824:
4814:
4714:
4704:
4694:
4689:
4654:
4565:
4560:
4535:
4525:
4515:
4490:
4475:
4470:
4428:
4398:
4384:
4379:
4365:
4308:
4266:
4261:
4247:
4242:
4228:
4208:
4161:
4137:
4095:
4079:
4050:
4034:
4002:
3986:
3981:
3956:
3906:
3896:
3891:
3886:
3875:
3865:
3770:
3682:
3640:
3625:
3619:
3615:
3562:
3210:
3120:
2860:
2813:
2758:
2641:
2607:
2255:
2238:
1839:
1822:
1438:
1378:
1374:
1315:
1287:
1122:
1044:
activity. In this way, it prevents the cell from transitioning from the G
1041:
1037:
1026:
983:
976:
969:
957:
945:
938:
928:
901:
771:
617:
609:
458:
450:
4910:
2323:
248:. Nevertheless, they do not prevent an infection and also inhibit later
4884:
4879:
4864:
4804:
4794:
4779:
4774:
4769:
4719:
4709:
4699:
4664:
4642:
4628:
4540:
4530:
4520:
4510:
4495:
4438:
4433:
4412:
4327:
4322:
4280:
4274:
4175:
4132:
4028:
4018:
3971:
3961:
3936:
3931:
3921:
3916:
3911:
3901:
3860:
3845:
3840:
3824:
3765:
3745:
3694:
3654:
3635:
3577:
3388:
3359:
3317:
3286:
3281:
3220:
3215:
3205:
3143:
3129:
3069:
3024:
2972:
2892:
2888:
2829:
2789:
2744:
2740:
2630:
2566:
2516:
2481:
2477:
2100:. If this is an intentional citation to a such a paper, please replace
2023:
1931:
1915:
1689:
1497:
1493:
1269:
1196:
1192:
1188:
1145:
1108:
1053:
1010:
965:
956:. This complex of ciclosporin and cyclophilin inhibits the phosphatase
934:
905:
846:
779:
721:
577:
547:
522:
500:
426:
405:
401:
381:
377:
370:
355:
221:
164:
132:
53:
if you can. Unsourced or poorly sourced material may be challenged and
3498:
774:. Later during the treatment, some patients develop serum sickness or
735:
As of March 2005, there are two preparations available to the market:
4874:
4869:
4854:
4829:
4784:
4764:
4724:
4659:
4623:
4545:
4341:
4294:
4223:
4189:
4156:
3966:
3946:
3855:
3755:
3595:
3296:
3276:
3250:
3225:
3160:
3138:
2966:
2879:
2753:
2386:
2328:
a brief history of immunosuppressive drugs. Retrieved 21 August 2005.
1481:
1430:
1394:
1350:
1257:
1235:
1212:
1155:
1065:
791:
787:
666:
613:
409:
397:
366:
1861:
1113:
Everolimus is an analog of sirolimus and also is an mTOR inhibitor.
220:
In pharmacologic (supraphysiologic) doses, glucocorticoids, such as
5605:
5292:
4809:
4684:
4373:
3881:
3791:
3727:
3649:
3397:
3261:
3257:
3230:
2669:
2602:
2521:
1518:
1358:
1283:
1273:
1231:
1227:
866:
862:
783:
634:
580:
in the induction phase of the immune response, it affects both the
482:
462:
324:
301:
2129:
1249:
acts as a non-competitive, selective, and reversible inhibitor of
1180:
4302:
3373:
3291:
2956:
2723:
2545:
2495:
912:, both being similarly effective and with only few side-effects.
842:
674:
233:
1640:
Goodman & Gilman's the pharmacological basis of therapeutics
1559:(11th ed.). United States of America: McGraw Hill Medical.
1127:
Zotarolimus is a semi-synthetic derivative of sirolimus used in
960:, which under normal circumstances induces the transcription of
588:. It is also efficient in the treatment of autoimmune diseases.
4617:
4448:
3055:
2718:
2274:"Principles and Practice of Monitoring Immunosuppressive Drugs"
1637:
Schimmer BP, Funder JW (2018). Shanahan JF, Lebowitz H (eds.).
1409:
1323:
1167:
1033:
833:
729:
709:
658:
509:
434:
316:
305:
496:
interfere with the synthesis of nucleic acids. These include:
4316:
4169:
3355:
3065:
2560:
1337:
or diseases that are most likely of autoimmune origin (e.g.,
1327:
1319:
1096:
767:
763:
736:
713:
689:
662:
369:
membrane receptors and inhibits various inflammatory events:
128:
1918:(November 1996). "Effects of opioids on the immune system".
972:
release, leading to a reduced function of effector T-cells.
688:
Polyclonal antibodies inhibit T lymphocytes and cause their
179:
Immunosuppressive drugs can be classified into five groups:
5272:
4288:
4236:
4197:
4183:
3737:
3611:
3059:
2044:
1085:
638:
1453:. Some studies showed a low vaccination rate against some
4145:
1286:
has been reported being 10 to 100 times more potent than
997:(T-Reg) and after converting from a CNI monotherapy to a
944:
Ciclosporin is thought to bind to the cytosolic protein
993:
This drug has been reported to reduce the frequency of
1827:
Clinical
Journal of the American Society of Nephrology
824:
2465:
1820:
1771:
884:
2236:
1720:
1556:Pharmacotherapy : A Pathophysiologic Approach
1437:and decreased ability to produce antibodies after
799:
561:
323:. This diminishes both B cell clone expansion and
198:
2338:World Small Animal Veterinary Association (WSAVA)
1821:Naesens M, Kuypers DR, Sarwal M (February 2009).
786:that can be soothed with the use of steroids and
5643:
1643:(13th ed.). New York: McGraw Hill Medical.
1534:Treatment methods for preventing organ rejection
915:
2399:. National Kidney Foundation. 24 December 2015.
1587:
5576:List of organ transplant donors and recipients
1960:
1636:
1218:These drugs may raise the risk of contracting
477:, and other immune diseases. High doses cause
255:
49:Please review the contents of the article and
4926:
3484:
2448:
2243:Journal of the American Society of Nephrology
2237:Gummert JF, Ikonen T, Morris RE (June 1999).
2009:
1772:Yang H, Parkhouse RM, Wileman T (June 2005).
952:) of immunocompetent lymphocytes, especially
745:post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorders
296:, and TNF-alpha by binding to corticosteroid
5175:Post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder
2463:Major chemical drug groups – based upon the
1674:"Marketed therapeutic antibodies compendium"
1529:Discovery and development of mTOR inhibitors
1276:) in lymphocytes, so they accumulate in the
1036:, followed by the binding of the complex to
747:(PTLD) or serious infections, especially by
330:
167:that inhibit or prevent the activity of the
16:Drug that inhibits activity of immune system
2405:"Immunosuppressants, Pharmacologic profile"
2180:
1814:
1460:There are also other side-effects, such as
339:(annexin-1) synthesis, which then binds to
4933:
4919:
3491:
3477:
2455:
2441:
2114:|...|intentional=yes}}
1264:
937:, ciclosporin (Novartis' Sandimmune) is a
437:analogs are most frequently administered.
4940:
2425:at the U.S. National Library of Medicine
2289:
2271:
2254:
2239:"Newer immunosuppressive drugs: a review"
2157:
2147:
1986:
1879:
1838:
1797:
1748:
1738:
1697:
1613:
2316:"Pancreas-Kidney Transplantation: Drugs"
1909:
1907:
1671:
1552:
861:. CD3 antibodies shift the balance from
809:
644:
591:
137:
127:
1174:
1154:. IFN-Îł is able to trigger lymphocytic
319:to express smaller amounts of IL-2 and
5644:
3442:Pharmacological classification systems
2809:Selective estrogen receptor modulators
2331:
1913:
1823:"Calcineurin inhibitor nephrotoxicity"
1588:Coutinho AE, Chapman KE (March 2011).
1253:(IMPDH), which is a key enzyme in the
1251:inosine-5′-monophosphate dehydrogenase
696:-mediated cytolysis and cell-mediated
576:By preventing the clonal expansion of
4914:
3472:
3089:Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
2436:
1904:
600:is the most important. It is used in
1594:Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology
1298:Immunosuppressive drugs are used in
669:or lymphocytes. The antilymphocyte (
440:
183:
18:
5319:Canadian Society of Transplantation
5314:American Society of Transplantation
2702:Angiotensin II receptor antagonists
2183:Human & Experimental Toxicology
1425:of many immunosuppressive drugs is
825:T-cell receptor directed antibodies
665:), and injected with the patient's
13:
2229:
1383:focal segmental glomerulosclerosis
1099:that are PI3K/AKT/mTOR-dependent.
869:as CD3 stimulates Th1 activation.
604:. Other cytotoxic antibiotics are
488:
347:from coming into contact with its
311:Glucocorticoids also suppress the
209:
14:
5673:
2308:
885:IL-2 receptor directed antibodies
776:immune complex glomerulonephritis
739:, obtained from horse serum, and
174:
5245:United Network for Organ Sharing
5230:National Transplant Organization
3451:
3431:
3430:
2334:"Immunosuppressive drug therapy"
1790:10.1111/j.1365-2567.2005.02137.x
1500:subpopulations in tissues using
1363:granulomatosis with polyangiitis
1241:
986:in organ transplant recipients.
732:-dependent antibody production.
475:granulomatosis with polyangiitis
203:
188:
115:
23:
5359:Organ transplantation in Israel
2839:Hypothalamic–pituitary hormones
2174:
2123:
2038:
2003:
1954:
1416:
630:Biologics for immunosuppression
562:Azathioprine and mercaptopurine
538:
193:
5364:Organ transplantation in Japan
5335:Organ transplantation in China
5309:American Society of Nephrology
2272:Armstrong VW (February 2002).
1855:
1765:
1714:
1665:
1630:
1581:
1546:
1139:
1134:
1116:
922:
415:
51:add the appropriate references
1:
5240:Trillium Gift of Life Network
5220:National Marrow Donor Program
2591:Thrombolytics / fibrinolytics
2073:(This paper currently has an
1539:
1102:
1004:
916:Drugs acting on immunophilins
623:
232:are used to suppress various
199:drugs acting on immunophilins
5278:Halachic Organ Donor Society
5205:Gift of Life Marrow Registry
3556:dihydroorotate dehydrogenase
3302:Wakefulness-promoting agents
1367:systemic lupus erythematosus
1059:
467:systemic lupus erythematosus
394:tissue plasminogen activator
7:
5283:Kidney Foundation of Canada
3535:purine synthesis inhibitors
1881:10.1097/tp.0b013e31819d2032
1507:
1455:Vaccine-preventable disease
1451:Vaccine-preventable disease
898:recombinant gene technology
354:. This leads to diminished
256:Immunosuppressive mechanism
36:reliable medical references
10:
5678:
5340:harvesting from Falun Gong
5288:National Kidney Foundation
5144:Non-heart-beating donation
2952:Intravenous immunoglobulin
2203:10.1191/096032700678815819
1447:Inflammatory bowel disease
1314:organs and tissues (e.g.,
1293:
1161:
1143:
1120:
1106:
1095:It is also active against
1077:Streptomyces hygroscopicus
1063:
1040:and the inhibition of its
1008:
926:
855:epithelial reticular cells
627:
554:and prevents synthesis of
449:used in immunotherapy are
419:
242:acute transplant rejection
213:
5588:
5571:
5540:
5524:
5508:
5477:
5451:
5415:
5379:
5372:
5327:
5301:
5253:
5188:
5170:Graft-versus-host disease
5162:
5134:
5106:
4981:
4948:
4677:
4605:
4578:
4463:
4106:
3808:
3799:
3790:
3783:
3736:
3720:IL-1 receptor antagonists
3718:
3709:
3663:
3594:
3524:
3515:
3426:
3382:
3354:
3310:
3119:
3054:
3017:
2965:
2878:
2822:
2782:
2739:
2623:
2559:
2471:
1606:10.1016/j.mce.2010.04.005
1435:cancer immunosurveillance
1300:immunosuppressive therapy
964:. The drug also inhibits
726:graft-versus-host disease
331:Anti-inflammatory effects
300:on DNA. This decrease in
264:. They act by inhibiting
260:Glucocorticoids suppress
246:graft-versus-host disease
161:antirejection medications
42:or relies too heavily on
5657:Transplantation medicine
5235:NHS Blood and Transplant
4593:Anti-lymphocyte globulin
3007:Topoisomerase inhibitors
2691:renin–angiotensin system
2685:Calcium channel blockers
2427:Medical Subject Headings
2423:Immunosuppressive+Agents
2149:10.3390/vaccines11101591
2083:10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjab227
2060:10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjab052
1672:Reichert JM (May 2012).
1018:Streptomyces tsukubensis
988:Non-melanoma skin cancer
879:opportunistic infections
872:The patient may develop
724:skin reaction), and the
718:delayed hypersensitivity
153:immunosuppressive agents
65:"Immunosuppressive drug"
5611:Immunosuppressive drugs
5347:Organ donation in India
4588:Anti-thymocyte globulin
3500:Immunosuppressive drugs
2291:10.1515/LabMed.2002.005
1979:10.1136/bmj-2021-068632
1740:10.1186/1471-2172-13-12
1265:Small biological agents
1025:and acts by inhibiting
874:neutralizing antibodies
859:co-stimulatory molecule
700:followed by removal of
602:kidney transplantations
552:dihydrofolate reductase
268:of cytokines including
149:Immunosuppressive drugs
5631:Frankenstein's monster
5626:Total body irradiation
5352:Gurgaon kidney scandal
5210:Human Tissue Authority
4393:Interleukin-6 receptor
3819:Complement component 5
2799:Hormonal contraception
2729:Bile acid sequestrants
2510:Proton-pump inhibitors
2473:gastrointestinal tract
2382:Induction of Tolerance
1920:Neurochemical Research
1399:ankylosing spondylitis
1205:ankylosing spondylitis
979:, immunosuppressants.
910:kidney transplantation
800:calcineurin inhibitors
728:(GVHD), but influence
653:are obtained from the
262:cell-mediated immunity
145:
135:
5662:Organ transplantation
5616:Lung allocation score
5553:Jean-Michel Dubernard
4942:Organ transplantation
2112:expression of concern
2106:|...}}
2104:expression of concern
2075:expression of concern
851:conformational change
815:Monoclonal antibodies
810:Monoclonal antibodies
651:polyclonal antibodies
645:Polyclonal antibodies
592:Cytotoxic antibiotics
141:
131:
5423:J. Hartwell Harrison
5180:Transplant rejection
3408:Radiopharmaceuticals
3196:Antiparkinson agents
2393:"Immunosuppressants"
2278:LaboratoriumsMedizin
2256:10.1681/ASN.V1061366
1840:10.2215/CJN.04800908
1502:immunohistochemistry
1443:Rheumatoid arthritis
1339:rheumatoid arthritis
1234:) and catechins (in
1201:rheumatoid arthritis
1175:TNF binding proteins
673:) and antithymocyte
250:reparative processes
5532:André van der Merwe
5516:Richard C. Lillehei
5189:Transplant networks
4973:Xenotransplantation
4968:Autotransplantation
4956:Allotransplantation
3191:Antimigraine agents
3181:Antidementia agents
3084:Anti-inflammatories
2774:Medicated dressings
2714:Antihyperlipidemics
2541:Diabetes medication
2397:A to Z Health Guide
2368:on 28 February 2019
2362:Hivandhepatitis.com
2344:on 30 November 2016
2326:on 29 October 2013.
2320:pancreas-kidney.com
2195:2000HETox..19..251G
1355:psoriatic arthritis
1335:autoimmune diseases
1129:drug-eluting stents
802:, cytostatics, and
770:episodes, and even
702:reticuloendothelial
550:analogue. It binds
525:analogues, such as
512:analogues, such as
503:analogues, such as
304:production reduces
5652:Immunosuppressants
5387:Christiaan Barnard
4983:Organs and tissues
4750:Diroximel fumarate
4423:IL-2 receptor/CD25
3851:Certolizumab pegol
3504:Immunosuppressants
3044:Immunosuppressants
2914:Antimycobacterials
2870:Antithyroid agents
2854:Mineralocorticoids
2658:Cardiac stimulants
2648:Cardiac glycosides
2640:cardiac therapy /
2536:Anti-obesity drugs
2024:10.2217/imt.13.171
1932:10.1007/BF02532379
1690:10.4161/mabs.19931
1403:ulcerative colitis
1371:systemic sclerosis
1343:multiple sclerosis
1230:(an ingredient in
1152:multiple sclerosis
995:regulatory T cells
881:and malignancies.
758:Because of a high
657:of animals (e.g.,
157:immunosuppressants
146:
136:
5639:
5638:
5621:Machine perfusion
5601:Edmonton protocol
5596:Biomedical tissue
5584:
5583:
5495:Vladimir Demikhov
5397:Adrian Kantrowitz
5149:Organ procurement
4908:
4907:
4755:Efgartigimod alfa
4745:Dimethyl fumarate
4673:
4672:
4601:
4600:
4574:
4573:
3779:
3778:
3705:
3704:
3546:Mycophenolic acid
3466:
3465:
3369:Ophthalmologicals
3079:Anabolic steroids
2982:Anticancer agents
2945:Ectoparasiticides
2665:Antihypertensives
2613:Antifibrinolytics
2332:Papich M (2001).
1926:(11): 1375–1386.
1650:978-1-259-58473-2
1566:978-1-260-11681-6
1514:Immunosuppression
1347:myasthenia gravis
1247:Mycophenolic acid
1166:Prolonged use of
1023:macrolide lactone
532:protein synthesis
471:hemolytic anemias
451:nitrogen mustards
447:alkylating agents
441:Alkylating agents
390:respiratory burst
298:response elements
124:
123:
100:
5669:
5443:Michael Woodruff
5377:
5376:
5108:Medical grafting
4935:
4928:
4921:
4912:
4911:
4551:Telimomab aritox
4454:Zolimomab aritox
4275:CD62L/L-selectin
4013:Immunoglobulin E
3806:
3805:
3797:
3796:
3788:
3787:
3716:
3715:
3522:
3521:
3493:
3486:
3479:
3470:
3469:
3455:
3434:
3433:
3418:Senotherapeutics
3272:Neuroprotectives
3267:Mood stabilizers
3166:Anti-ADHD agents
3106:Muscle relaxants
3039:Immunostimulants
3034:Immunomodulators
2866:Thyroid hormones
2804:Fertility agents
2707:Renin inhibitors
2598:Antihemorrhagics
2565:forming organs (
2551:Dietary minerals
2457:
2450:
2443:
2434:
2433:
2419:
2417:
2415:
2400:
2377:
2375:
2373:
2364:. Archived from
2353:
2351:
2349:
2340:. Archived from
2327:
2322:. Archived from
2303:
2293:
2268:
2258:
2249:(6): 1366–1380.
2223:
2222:
2178:
2172:
2171:
2161:
2151:
2127:
2121:
2119:
2117:
2115:
2107:
2096:Retraction Watch
2071:
2048:J Crohns Colitis
2042:
2036:
2035:
2007:
2001:
2000:
1990:
1958:
1952:
1951:
1911:
1902:
1901:
1883:
1874:(7): 1062–1068.
1859:
1853:
1852:
1842:
1818:
1812:
1811:
1801:
1769:
1763:
1762:
1752:
1742:
1718:
1712:
1711:
1701:
1669:
1663:
1662:
1634:
1628:
1627:
1617:
1585:
1579:
1578:
1550:
1524:Behcet's Disease
1427:immunodeficiency
1391:Behcet's Disease
1278:lymphatic tissue
845:, headache, and
692:, which is both
586:humoral immunity
556:tetrahydrofolate
481:and hemorrhagic
455:cyclophosphamide
358:production. The
352:arachidonic acid
345:phospholipase A2
313:humoral immunity
151:, also known as
119:
118:
110:
107:
101:
99:
58:
27:
26:
19:
5677:
5676:
5672:
5671:
5670:
5668:
5667:
5666:
5642:
5641:
5640:
5635:
5580:
5567:
5536:
5520:
5504:
5473:
5447:
5428:John P. Merrill
5411:
5368:
5323:
5302:Joint societies
5297:
5268:Blood Cancer UK
5255:
5249:
5192:
5190:
5184:
5158:
5130:
5126:Vascular bypass
5102:
4977:
4944:
4939:
4909:
4904:
4850:Rozanolixizumab
4735:Deucravacitinib
4669:
4597:
4570:
4459:
4108:
4102:
3810:
3775:
3732:
3711:
3701:
3659:
3599:
3590:
3526:Antimetabolites
3517:
3511:
3497:
3467:
3462:
3458:Medicine portal
3422:
3378:
3350:
3345:
3337:Cough medicines
3332:Bronchodilators
3313:
3306:
3186:Antidepressants
3176:Anticonvulsants
3124:
3115:
3111:Bisphosphonates
3101:Corticosteroids
3063:
3050:
3022:
3013:
2997:Spindle poisons
2987:Antimetabolites
2970:
2961:
2883:
2874:
2849:Glucocorticoids
2844:Corticosteroids
2825:
2818:
2785:
2778:
2735:
2653:Antiarrhythmics
2626:
2619:
2576:Antithrombotics
2564:
2555:
2531:Antipropulsives
2527:Antidiarrhoeals
2504:
2475:
2467:
2461:
2413:
2411:
2403:
2391:
2371:
2369:
2356:
2347:
2345:
2314:
2311:
2306:
2232:
2230:Further reading
2227:
2226:
2179:
2175:
2128:
2124:
2109:
2101:
2099:
2072:
2043:
2039:
2008:
2004:
1959:
1955:
1912:
1905:
1868:Transplantation
1860:
1856:
1819:
1815:
1770:
1766:
1719:
1715:
1670:
1666:
1651:
1635:
1631:
1586:
1582:
1567:
1551:
1547:
1542:
1510:
1419:
1387:Crohn's disease
1296:
1267:
1244:
1209:Crohn's disease
1177:
1164:
1148:
1142:
1137:
1125:
1119:
1111:
1105:
1091:
1068:
1062:
1051:
1047:
1013:
1007:
968:production and
931:
925:
918:
904:(Simulect) and
887:
827:
812:
804:corticosteroids
796:serum fractions
749:cytomegalovirus
704:cells from the
683:aplastic anemia
647:
632:
626:
594:
564:
541:
494:Antimetabolites
491:
489:Antimetabolites
443:
424:
418:
343:preventing the
333:
266:gene expression
258:
218:
212:
210:Glucocorticoids
184:glucocorticoids
177:
120:
116:
111:
105:
102:
59:
48:
44:primary sources
28:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
5675:
5665:
5664:
5659:
5654:
5637:
5636:
5634:
5633:
5628:
5623:
5618:
5613:
5608:
5603:
5598:
5592:
5590:
5589:Related topics
5586:
5585:
5582:
5581:
5579:
5578:
5572:
5569:
5568:
5566:
5565:
5560:
5555:
5550:
5544:
5542:
5538:
5537:
5535:
5534:
5528:
5526:
5522:
5521:
5519:
5518:
5512:
5510:
5506:
5505:
5503:
5502:
5500:James D. Hardy
5497:
5492:
5490:Joel D. Cooper
5487:
5481:
5479:
5475:
5474:
5472:
5471:
5466:
5464:James D. Hardy
5461:
5455:
5453:
5449:
5448:
5446:
5445:
5440:
5438:Elizabeth Ward
5435:
5430:
5425:
5419:
5417:
5413:
5412:
5410:
5409:
5407:Norman Shumway
5404:
5399:
5394:
5392:James D. Hardy
5389:
5383:
5381:
5374:
5370:
5369:
5367:
5366:
5361:
5356:
5355:
5354:
5344:
5343:
5342:
5331:
5329:
5325:
5324:
5322:
5321:
5316:
5311:
5305:
5303:
5299:
5298:
5296:
5295:
5290:
5285:
5280:
5275:
5270:
5265:
5259:
5257:
5251:
5250:
5248:
5247:
5242:
5237:
5232:
5227:
5222:
5217:
5212:
5207:
5202:
5200:Eurotransplant
5196:
5194:
5191:and government
5186:
5185:
5183:
5182:
5177:
5172:
5166:
5164:
5160:
5159:
5157:
5156:
5151:
5146:
5140:
5138:
5136:Organ donation
5132:
5131:
5129:
5128:
5123:
5118:
5112:
5110:
5104:
5103:
5101:
5100:
5095:
5090:
5085:
5080:
5075:
5070:
5069:
5068:
5058:
5053:
5048:
5043:
5038:
5033:
5028:
5023:
5018:
5013:
5008:
5003:
4998:
4993:
4987:
4985:
4979:
4978:
4976:
4975:
4970:
4965:
4964:
4963:
4952:
4950:
4946:
4945:
4938:
4937:
4930:
4923:
4915:
4906:
4905:
4903:
4902:
4897:
4892:
4887:
4882:
4877:
4872:
4867:
4862:
4857:
4852:
4847:
4842:
4837:
4832:
4827:
4822:
4817:
4812:
4807:
4802:
4797:
4792:
4787:
4782:
4777:
4772:
4767:
4762:
4759:+hyaluronidase
4752:
4747:
4742:
4740:Deuruxolitinib
4737:
4732:
4727:
4722:
4717:
4712:
4707:
4702:
4697:
4692:
4687:
4681:
4679:
4675:
4674:
4671:
4670:
4668:
4667:
4662:
4657:
4652:
4651:
4650:
4645:
4633:
4632:
4631:
4626:
4613:
4611:
4603:
4602:
4599:
4598:
4596:
4595:
4590:
4584:
4582:
4576:
4575:
4572:
4571:
4569:
4568:
4563:
4558:
4553:
4548:
4543:
4538:
4533:
4528:
4523:
4518:
4513:
4508:
4503:
4498:
4493:
4488:
4483:
4478:
4473:
4467:
4465:
4461:
4460:
4458:
4457:
4444:
4443:
4442:
4441:
4436:
4431:
4418:
4417:
4416:
4415:
4403:
4402:
4401:
4389:
4388:
4387:
4382:
4370:
4369:
4368:
4363:
4358:
4346:
4345:
4344:
4333:
4332:
4331:
4330:
4325:
4313:
4312:
4311:
4299:
4298:
4297:
4285:
4284:
4283:
4271:
4270:
4269:
4264:
4252:
4251:
4250:
4245:
4233:
4232:
4231:
4226:
4221:
4216:
4213:+hyaluronidase
4206:
4194:
4193:
4192:
4180:
4179:
4178:
4166:
4165:
4164:
4159:
4154:
4142:
4141:
4140:
4135:
4130:
4125:
4112:
4110:
4104:
4103:
4101:
4100:
4099:
4098:
4085:
4084:
4083:
4082:
4077:
4056:
4055:
4054:
4053:
4040:
4039:
4038:
4037:
4024:
4023:
4022:
4021:
4008:
4007:
4006:
4005:
3992:
3991:
3990:
3989:
3984:
3979:
3974:
3969:
3964:
3959:
3954:
3949:
3944:
3939:
3934:
3929:
3924:
3919:
3914:
3909:
3904:
3899:
3894:
3889:
3884:
3871:
3870:
3869:
3868:
3863:
3858:
3853:
3848:
3843:
3830:
3829:
3828:
3827:
3814:
3812:
3803:
3794:
3785:
3781:
3780:
3777:
3776:
3774:
3773:
3768:
3763:
3758:
3753:
3748:
3742:
3740:
3734:
3733:
3731:
3730:
3724:
3722:
3713:
3707:
3706:
3703:
3702:
3700:
3699:
3698:
3697:
3689:PDE4 inhibitor
3685:
3680:
3675:
3669:
3667:
3661:
3660:
3658:
3657:
3652:
3646:
3645:
3644:
3643:
3638:
3633:
3628:
3607:
3605:
3592:
3591:
3589:
3588:
3587:
3586:
3573:
3572:
3571:
3570:
3565:
3551:
3550:
3549:
3548:
3543:
3530:
3528:
3519:
3513:
3512:
3496:
3495:
3488:
3481:
3473:
3464:
3463:
3461:
3460:
3449:
3444:
3439:
3427:
3424:
3423:
3421:
3420:
3415:
3410:
3405:
3403:Contrast media
3400:
3394:
3392:
3380:
3379:
3377:
3376:
3371:
3365:
3363:
3356:sensory organs
3352:
3351:
3349:
3348:
3343:
3339:
3334:
3329:
3323:
3321:
3308:
3307:
3305:
3304:
3299:
3294:
3289:
3284:
3279:
3274:
3269:
3264:
3255:
3254:
3253:
3248:
3243:
3233:
3228:
3223:
3218:
3213:
3208:
3203:
3201:Antipsychotics
3198:
3193:
3188:
3183:
3178:
3173:
3171:Antiaddictives
3168:
3163:
3158:
3157:
3156:
3151:
3141:
3135:
3133:
3126:nervous system
3117:
3116:
3114:
3113:
3108:
3103:
3098:
3096:Antirheumatics
3093:
3092:
3091:
3081:
3075:
3073:
3052:
3051:
3049:
3048:
3047:
3046:
3041:
3030:
3028:
3015:
3014:
3012:
3011:
3010:
3009:
3004:
3002:Antineoplastic
2999:
2994:
2989:
2978:
2976:
2963:
2962:
2960:
2959:
2954:
2949:
2948:
2947:
2942:
2937:
2935:Antiprotozoals
2930:Antiparasitics
2927:
2922:
2917:
2910:Antibacterials
2906:Antimicrobials
2902:
2900:
2876:
2875:
2873:
2872:
2863:
2858:
2857:
2856:
2851:
2841:
2835:
2833:
2820:
2819:
2817:
2816:
2811:
2806:
2801:
2795:
2793:
2780:
2779:
2777:
2776:
2771:
2769:Antipsoriatics
2766:
2761:
2756:
2750:
2748:
2737:
2736:
2734:
2733:
2732:
2731:
2726:
2721:
2711:
2710:
2709:
2704:
2699:
2697:ACE inhibitors
2687:
2682:
2677:
2672:
2667:
2662:
2661:
2660:
2655:
2650:
2636:
2634:
2625:cardiovascular
2621:
2620:
2618:
2617:
2616:
2615:
2610:
2605:
2595:
2594:
2593:
2588:
2586:Anticoagulants
2583:
2572:
2570:
2557:
2556:
2554:
2553:
2548:
2543:
2538:
2533:
2524:
2519:
2514:
2513:
2512:
2507:
2502:
2498:
2487:
2485:
2469:
2468:
2460:
2459:
2452:
2445:
2437:
2431:
2430:
2420:
2401:
2389:
2378:
2354:
2329:
2310:
2309:External links
2307:
2305:
2304:
2284:(1–2): 27–36.
2269:
2233:
2231:
2228:
2225:
2224:
2189:(4): 251–254.
2173:
2122:
2054:(6): 879–913.
2037:
2018:(2): 131–139.
2002:
1953:
1903:
1854:
1833:(2): 481–508.
1813:
1784:(2): 189–196.
1764:
1727:BMC Immunology
1713:
1684:(3): 413–415.
1664:
1649:
1629:
1580:
1565:
1544:
1543:
1541:
1538:
1537:
1536:
1531:
1526:
1521:
1516:
1509:
1506:
1418:
1415:
1414:
1413:
1406:
1331:
1295:
1292:
1266:
1263:
1243:
1240:
1176:
1173:
1163:
1160:
1144:Main article:
1141:
1138:
1136:
1133:
1121:Main article:
1118:
1115:
1107:Main article:
1104:
1101:
1089:
1064:Main article:
1061:
1058:
1049:
1045:
1009:Main article:
1006:
1003:
927:Main article:
924:
921:
917:
914:
894:receptor IL-2a
886:
883:
826:
823:
811:
808:
760:immunogenicity
753:serum sickness
741:Thymoglobuline
646:
643:
641:monoclonals).
625:
622:
606:anthracyclines
593:
590:
571:mercaptopurine
563:
560:
540:
537:
536:
535:
529:
520:
518:mercaptopurine
507:
490:
487:
442:
439:
420:Main article:
417:
414:
360:cyclooxygenase
341:cell membranes
332:
329:
321:IL-2 receptors
257:
254:
230:hydrocortisone
216:Glucocorticoid
214:Main article:
211:
208:
207:
206:
201:
196:
191:
186:
176:
175:Classification
173:
122:
121:
114:
112:
31:
29:
22:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5674:
5663:
5660:
5658:
5655:
5653:
5650:
5649:
5647:
5632:
5629:
5627:
5624:
5622:
5619:
5617:
5614:
5612:
5609:
5607:
5604:
5602:
5599:
5597:
5594:
5593:
5591:
5587:
5577:
5574:
5573:
5570:
5564:
5561:
5559:
5558:Donna Mansell
5556:
5554:
5551:
5549:
5548:Alexis Carrel
5546:
5545:
5543:
5539:
5533:
5530:
5529:
5527:
5523:
5517:
5514:
5513:
5511:
5507:
5501:
5498:
5496:
5493:
5491:
5488:
5486:
5483:
5482:
5480:
5476:
5470:
5469:Thomas Starzl
5467:
5465:
5462:
5460:
5457:
5456:
5454:
5450:
5444:
5441:
5439:
5436:
5434:
5433:Joseph Murray
5431:
5429:
5426:
5424:
5421:
5420:
5418:
5414:
5408:
5405:
5403:
5402:Richard Lower
5400:
5398:
5395:
5393:
5390:
5388:
5385:
5384:
5382:
5378:
5375:
5371:
5365:
5362:
5360:
5357:
5353:
5350:
5349:
5348:
5345:
5341:
5338:
5337:
5336:
5333:
5332:
5330:
5326:
5320:
5317:
5315:
5312:
5310:
5307:
5306:
5304:
5300:
5294:
5291:
5289:
5286:
5284:
5281:
5279:
5276:
5274:
5271:
5269:
5266:
5264:
5263:Anthony Nolan
5261:
5260:
5258:
5256:organizations
5252:
5246:
5243:
5241:
5238:
5236:
5233:
5231:
5228:
5226:
5223:
5221:
5218:
5216:
5213:
5211:
5208:
5206:
5203:
5201:
5198:
5197:
5195:
5187:
5181:
5178:
5176:
5173:
5171:
5168:
5167:
5165:
5163:Complications
5161:
5155:
5152:
5150:
5147:
5145:
5142:
5141:
5139:
5137:
5133:
5127:
5124:
5122:
5121:Skin grafting
5119:
5117:
5116:Bone grafting
5114:
5113:
5111:
5109:
5105:
5099:
5096:
5094:
5091:
5089:
5086:
5084:
5081:
5079:
5076:
5074:
5071:
5067:
5064:
5063:
5062:
5059:
5057:
5054:
5052:
5049:
5047:
5044:
5042:
5039:
5037:
5034:
5032:
5029:
5027:
5024:
5022:
5019:
5017:
5014:
5012:
5009:
5007:
5004:
5002:
4999:
4997:
4994:
4992:
4989:
4988:
4986:
4984:
4980:
4974:
4971:
4969:
4966:
4962:
4959:
4958:
4957:
4954:
4953:
4951:
4947:
4943:
4936:
4931:
4929:
4924:
4922:
4917:
4916:
4913:
4901:
4898:
4896:
4893:
4891:
4890:Tildrakizumab
4888:
4886:
4883:
4881:
4878:
4876:
4873:
4871:
4868:
4866:
4863:
4861:
4858:
4856:
4853:
4851:
4848:
4846:
4843:
4841:
4838:
4836:
4833:
4831:
4828:
4826:
4823:
4821:
4820:Pegcetacoplan
4818:
4816:
4813:
4811:
4808:
4806:
4803:
4801:
4798:
4796:
4793:
4791:
4788:
4786:
4783:
4781:
4778:
4776:
4773:
4771:
4768:
4766:
4763:
4760:
4756:
4753:
4751:
4748:
4746:
4743:
4741:
4738:
4736:
4733:
4731:
4730:Darvadstrocel
4728:
4726:
4723:
4721:
4718:
4716:
4713:
4711:
4708:
4706:
4703:
4701:
4698:
4696:
4693:
4691:
4688:
4686:
4683:
4682:
4680:
4676:
4666:
4663:
4661:
4658:
4656:
4653:
4649:
4646:
4644:
4641:
4640:
4639:
4638:
4637:TNF inhibitor
4634:
4630:
4627:
4625:
4622:
4621:
4620:
4619:
4615:
4614:
4612:
4609:
4604:
4594:
4591:
4589:
4586:
4585:
4583:
4581:
4577:
4567:
4564:
4562:
4559:
4557:
4554:
4552:
4549:
4547:
4544:
4542:
4539:
4537:
4534:
4532:
4529:
4527:
4524:
4522:
4519:
4517:
4514:
4512:
4509:
4507:
4504:
4502:
4499:
4497:
4494:
4492:
4489:
4487:
4484:
4482:
4479:
4477:
4474:
4472:
4469:
4468:
4466:
4462:
4455:
4451:
4450:
4446:
4445:
4440:
4437:
4435:
4432:
4430:
4427:
4426:
4425:
4424:
4420:
4419:
4414:
4411:
4410:
4409:
4408:
4404:
4400:
4397:
4396:
4395:
4394:
4390:
4386:
4383:
4381:
4378:
4377:
4376:
4375:
4371:
4367:
4364:
4362:
4359:
4357:
4354:
4353:
4352:
4351:
4347:
4343:
4340:
4339:
4338:
4335:
4334:
4329:
4326:
4324:
4321:
4320:
4319:
4318:
4314:
4310:
4307:
4306:
4305:
4304:
4303:CD147/Basigin
4300:
4296:
4293:
4292:
4291:
4290:
4286:
4282:
4279:
4278:
4277:
4276:
4272:
4268:
4265:
4263:
4260:
4259:
4258:
4257:
4253:
4249:
4246:
4244:
4241:
4240:
4239:
4238:
4234:
4230:
4227:
4225:
4222:
4220:
4217:
4214:
4210:
4207:
4205:
4202:
4201:
4200:
4199:
4195:
4191:
4188:
4187:
4186:
4185:
4181:
4177:
4174:
4173:
4172:
4171:
4167:
4163:
4160:
4158:
4155:
4153:
4150:
4149:
4148:
4147:
4143:
4139:
4136:
4134:
4131:
4129:
4126:
4124:
4123:Muromonab-CD3
4121:
4120:
4119:
4118:
4114:
4113:
4111:
4105:
4097:
4094:
4093:
4092:
4091:
4087:
4086:
4081:
4078:
4076:
4073:
4072:
4071:
4070:
4066:
4062:
4058:
4057:
4052:
4049:
4048:
4047:
4046:
4042:
4041:
4036:
4033:
4032:
4031:
4030:
4026:
4025:
4020:
4017:
4016:
4015:
4014:
4010:
4009:
4004:
4001:
4000:
3999:
3998:
3997:Interleukin 5
3994:
3993:
3988:
3985:
3983:
3980:
3978:
3977:Tildrakizumab
3975:
3973:
3970:
3968:
3965:
3963:
3960:
3958:
3955:
3953:
3950:
3948:
3945:
3943:
3940:
3938:
3935:
3933:
3930:
3928:
3925:
3923:
3920:
3918:
3915:
3913:
3910:
3908:
3905:
3903:
3900:
3898:
3895:
3893:
3890:
3888:
3885:
3883:
3880:
3879:
3878:
3877:
3873:
3872:
3867:
3864:
3862:
3859:
3857:
3854:
3852:
3849:
3847:
3844:
3842:
3839:
3838:
3837:
3836:
3832:
3831:
3826:
3823:
3822:
3821:
3820:
3816:
3815:
3813:
3811:(noncellular)
3807:
3804:
3802:
3798:
3795:
3793:
3789:
3786:
3784:Extracellular
3782:
3772:
3769:
3767:
3764:
3762:
3759:
3757:
3754:
3752:
3751:Ridaforolimus
3749:
3747:
3744:
3743:
3741:
3739:
3735:
3729:
3726:
3725:
3723:
3721:
3717:
3714:
3710:Intracellular
3708:
3696:
3693:
3692:
3691:
3690:
3686:
3684:
3681:
3679:
3676:
3674:
3671:
3670:
3668:
3666:
3662:
3656:
3653:
3651:
3648:
3647:
3642:
3639:
3637:
3634:
3632:
3629:
3627:
3624:
3623:
3622:
3621:
3617:
3613:
3609:
3608:
3606:
3603:
3597:
3593:
3585:
3582:
3581:
3580:
3579:
3575:
3574:
3569:
3568:Teriflunomide
3566:
3564:
3561:
3560:
3558:
3557:
3553:
3552:
3547:
3544:
3542:
3539:
3538:
3537:
3536:
3532:
3531:
3529:
3527:
3523:
3520:
3516:Intracellular
3514:
3509:
3505:
3501:
3494:
3489:
3487:
3482:
3480:
3475:
3474:
3471:
3459:
3454:
3450:
3448:
3445:
3443:
3440:
3438:
3429:
3428:
3425:
3419:
3416:
3414:
3411:
3409:
3406:
3404:
3401:
3399:
3396:
3395:
3393:
3390:
3386:
3381:
3375:
3372:
3370:
3367:
3366:
3364:
3361:
3357:
3353:
3347:
3340:
3338:
3335:
3333:
3330:
3328:
3327:Decongestants
3325:
3324:
3322:
3319:
3315:
3309:
3303:
3300:
3298:
3295:
3293:
3290:
3288:
3285:
3283:
3280:
3278:
3275:
3273:
3270:
3268:
3265:
3263:
3259:
3256:
3252:
3249:
3247:
3246:Dissociatives
3244:
3242:
3239:
3238:
3237:
3236:Hallucinogens
3234:
3232:
3229:
3227:
3224:
3222:
3219:
3217:
3214:
3212:
3209:
3207:
3204:
3202:
3199:
3197:
3194:
3192:
3189:
3187:
3184:
3182:
3179:
3177:
3174:
3172:
3169:
3167:
3164:
3162:
3159:
3155:
3152:
3150:
3147:
3146:
3145:
3142:
3140:
3137:
3136:
3134:
3131:
3127:
3122:
3118:
3112:
3109:
3107:
3104:
3102:
3099:
3097:
3094:
3090:
3087:
3086:
3085:
3082:
3080:
3077:
3076:
3074:
3071:
3067:
3061:
3057:
3053:
3045:
3042:
3040:
3037:
3036:
3035:
3032:
3031:
3029:
3026:
3020:
3016:
3008:
3005:
3003:
3000:
2998:
2995:
2993:
2990:
2988:
2985:
2984:
2983:
2980:
2979:
2977:
2974:
2968:
2964:
2958:
2955:
2953:
2950:
2946:
2943:
2941:
2940:Anthelmintics
2938:
2936:
2933:
2932:
2931:
2928:
2926:
2923:
2921:
2918:
2915:
2911:
2907:
2904:
2903:
2901:
2898:
2894:
2890:
2886:
2881:
2877:
2871:
2867:
2864:
2862:
2859:
2855:
2852:
2850:
2847:
2846:
2845:
2842:
2840:
2837:
2836:
2834:
2831:
2827:
2821:
2815:
2812:
2810:
2807:
2805:
2802:
2800:
2797:
2796:
2794:
2791:
2787:
2784:genitourinary
2781:
2775:
2772:
2770:
2767:
2765:
2764:Antipruritics
2762:
2760:
2757:
2755:
2752:
2751:
2749:
2746:
2742:
2738:
2730:
2727:
2725:
2722:
2720:
2717:
2716:
2715:
2712:
2708:
2705:
2703:
2700:
2698:
2695:
2694:
2693:
2692:
2688:
2686:
2683:
2681:
2680:Beta blockers
2678:
2676:
2673:
2671:
2668:
2666:
2663:
2659:
2656:
2654:
2651:
2649:
2646:
2645:
2644:
2643:
2638:
2637:
2635:
2632:
2628:
2622:
2614:
2611:
2609:
2606:
2604:
2601:
2600:
2599:
2596:
2592:
2589:
2587:
2584:
2582:
2581:Antiplatelets
2579:
2578:
2577:
2574:
2573:
2571:
2568:
2562:
2558:
2552:
2549:
2547:
2544:
2542:
2539:
2537:
2534:
2532:
2528:
2525:
2523:
2520:
2518:
2515:
2511:
2508:
2506:
2499:
2497:
2494:
2493:
2492:
2489:
2488:
2486:
2483:
2479:
2474:
2470:
2466:
2458:
2453:
2451:
2446:
2444:
2439:
2438:
2435:
2428:
2424:
2421:
2410:
2409:Drugguide.com
2406:
2402:
2398:
2394:
2390:
2388:
2384:
2383:
2379:
2367:
2363:
2359:
2355:
2343:
2339:
2335:
2330:
2325:
2321:
2317:
2313:
2312:
2301:
2297:
2292:
2287:
2283:
2279:
2275:
2270:
2266:
2262:
2257:
2252:
2248:
2244:
2240:
2235:
2234:
2220:
2216:
2212:
2208:
2204:
2200:
2196:
2192:
2188:
2184:
2177:
2169:
2165:
2160:
2155:
2150:
2145:
2141:
2137:
2133:
2126:
2113:
2105:
2098:
2097:
2092:
2088:
2084:
2080:
2076:
2069:
2065:
2061:
2057:
2053:
2049:
2041:
2033:
2029:
2025:
2021:
2017:
2013:
2012:Immunotherapy
2006:
1998:
1994:
1989:
1984:
1980:
1976:
1972:
1968:
1964:
1957:
1949:
1945:
1941:
1937:
1933:
1929:
1925:
1921:
1917:
1910:
1908:
1899:
1895:
1891:
1887:
1882:
1877:
1873:
1869:
1865:
1858:
1850:
1846:
1841:
1836:
1832:
1828:
1824:
1817:
1809:
1805:
1800:
1795:
1791:
1787:
1783:
1779:
1775:
1768:
1760:
1756:
1751:
1746:
1741:
1736:
1732:
1728:
1724:
1717:
1709:
1705:
1700:
1695:
1691:
1687:
1683:
1679:
1675:
1668:
1660:
1656:
1652:
1646:
1642:
1641:
1633:
1625:
1621:
1616:
1611:
1607:
1603:
1599:
1595:
1591:
1584:
1576:
1572:
1568:
1562:
1558:
1557:
1549:
1545:
1535:
1532:
1530:
1527:
1525:
1522:
1520:
1517:
1515:
1512:
1511:
1505:
1503:
1499:
1495:
1491:
1490:kidney injury
1487:
1483:
1479:
1478:lipodystrophy
1475:
1474:peptic ulcers
1471:
1470:hyperglycemia
1467:
1463:
1458:
1456:
1452:
1448:
1444:
1440:
1436:
1432:
1428:
1424:
1411:
1407:
1404:
1400:
1396:
1392:
1388:
1384:
1380:
1376:
1372:
1368:
1364:
1360:
1356:
1352:
1348:
1344:
1340:
1336:
1332:
1329:
1325:
1321:
1317:
1313:
1309:
1305:
1304:
1303:
1301:
1291:
1289:
1285:
1281:
1279:
1275:
1271:
1262:
1259:
1256:
1252:
1248:
1242:Mycophenolate
1239:
1237:
1233:
1229:
1224:
1221:
1216:
1214:
1210:
1206:
1202:
1198:
1195:(Enbrel), or
1194:
1190:
1186:
1182:
1172:
1169:
1159:
1157:
1153:
1147:
1132:
1130:
1124:
1114:
1110:
1100:
1098:
1093:
1087:
1081:
1079:
1078:
1073:
1067:
1057:
1055:
1052:phase of the
1043:
1039:
1035:
1030:
1028:
1024:
1020:
1019:
1012:
1002:
1000:
999:mycophenolate
996:
991:
989:
985:
980:
978:
973:
971:
967:
963:
962:interleukin-2
959:
955:
954:T-lymphocytes
951:
947:
942:
940:
936:
930:
920:
913:
911:
907:
903:
899:
895:
891:
890:Interleukin-2
882:
880:
875:
870:
868:
864:
860:
856:
852:
848:
844:
838:
835:
831:
830:Muromonab-CD3
822:
820:
819:IL-2 receptor
816:
807:
805:
801:
797:
793:
789:
785:
781:
777:
773:
769:
765:
761:
756:
754:
750:
746:
742:
738:
733:
731:
727:
723:
719:
715:
711:
707:
703:
699:
695:
691:
686:
684:
680:
676:
672:
668:
664:
660:
656:
652:
649:Heterologous
642:
640:
636:
631:
621:
619:
615:
611:
607:
603:
599:
596:Among these,
589:
587:
583:
579:
574:
572:
568:
559:
557:
553:
549:
545:
533:
530:
528:
524:
521:
519:
515:
511:
508:
506:
502:
499:
498:
497:
495:
486:
484:
480:
476:
472:
469:, autoimmune
468:
464:
460:
456:
452:
448:
438:
436:
432:
431:cell division
428:
423:
413:
411:
407:
403:
400:, etc.) from
399:
395:
391:
387:
383:
379:
375:
372:
368:
363:
361:
357:
353:
350:
346:
342:
338:
328:
326:
322:
318:
314:
309:
307:
303:
299:
295:
291:
287:
283:
279:
275:
271:
270:Interleukin 1
267:
263:
253:
251:
247:
243:
239:
235:
231:
227:
226:dexamethasone
223:
217:
205:
202:
200:
197:
195:
192:
190:
187:
185:
182:
181:
180:
172:
170:
169:immune system
166:
162:
158:
154:
150:
144:
143:Dexamethasone
140:
134:
130:
126:
113:
109:
106:February 2022
98:
95:
91:
88:
84:
81:
77:
74:
70:
67: –
66:
62:
61:Find sources:
56:
52:
46:
45:
41:
37:
32:This article
30:
21:
20:
5610:
5485:Fikri Alican
5459:Fikri Alican
4900:Upadacitinib
4860:Satralizumab
4845:Ritlecitinib
4840:Risankizumab
4635:
4616:
4556:Teprotumumab
4506:Inebilizumab
4501:Fontolizumab
4481:Atorolimumab
4449:T-lymphocyte
4447:
4421:
4405:
4391:
4372:
4361:Lerdelimumab
4356:Bertilimumab
4348:
4336:
4315:
4301:
4287:
4273:
4254:
4235:
4219:Pascolizumab
4204:Obinutuzumab
4196:
4182:
4168:
4152:Clenoliximab
4144:
4128:Otelixizumab
4115:
4088:
4075:Lebrikizumab
4059:
4043:
4027:
4011:
3995:
3952:Satralizumab
3942:Risankizumab
3874:
3833:
3817:
3809:Serum target
3761:Temsirolimus
3687:
3678:Pomalidomide
3673:Lenalidomide
3631:Pimecrolimus
3610:
3584:Methotrexate
3576:
3554:
3541:Azathioprine
3533:
3518:(initiation)
3499:
3241:Psychedelics
3211:Aphrodisiacs
3043:
2885:infestations
2861:Sex hormones
2814:Sex hormones
2759:Cicatrizants
2689:
2675:Vasodilators
2642:antianginals
2639:
2491:stomach acid
2490:
2412:. Retrieved
2408:
2396:
2380:
2370:. Retrieved
2366:the original
2361:
2346:. Retrieved
2342:the original
2337:
2324:the original
2319:
2281:
2277:
2246:
2242:
2186:
2182:
2176:
2142:(10): 1591.
2139:
2135:
2125:
2110:{{
2102:{{
2095:
2093:,
2051:
2047:
2040:
2015:
2011:
2005:
1970:
1966:
1956:
1923:
1919:
1871:
1867:
1857:
1830:
1826:
1816:
1781:
1777:
1767:
1730:
1726:
1716:
1681:
1677:
1667:
1639:
1632:
1597:
1593:
1583:
1555:
1548:
1466:dyslipidemia
1462:hypertension
1459:
1433:, decreased
1420:
1417:Side effects
1312:transplanted
1306:Prevent the
1297:
1282:
1268:
1254:
1245:
1225:
1220:tuberculosis
1217:
1191:(Remicade),
1178:
1165:
1149:
1126:
1112:
1094:
1082:
1075:
1072:actinomycete
1069:
1031:
1016:
1014:
992:
984:skin cancers
981:
974:
950:immunophilin
943:
932:
919:
888:
871:
839:
828:
813:
757:
734:
698:opsonization
687:
648:
633:
598:dactinomycin
595:
575:
567:Azathioprine
565:
544:Methotrexate
542:
539:Methotrexate
527:fluorouracil
514:azathioprine
505:methotrexate
492:
479:pancytopenia
459:nitrosoureas
444:
425:
422:Chemotherapy
386:phagocytosis
364:
337:lipocortin-1
334:
310:
259:
238:inflammatory
219:
178:
160:
156:
152:
148:
147:
125:
103:
93:
86:
79:
72:
60:
40:verification
33:
5563:Bruce Reitz
5215:LifeSharers
5193:departments
5154:Organ trade
4996:Bone marrow
4895:Tofacitinib
4835:Ravulizumab
4825:Pirfenidone
4815:Peficitinib
4715:Canakinumab
4705:Briakinumab
4695:Bimekizumab
4690:Baricitinib
4655:Aflibercept
4566:Vepalimomab
4561:Vapaliximab
4536:Rovelizumab
4526:Pexelizumab
4516:Morolimumab
4491:Cedelizumab
4476:Anifrolumab
4471:Alemtuzumab
4429:Basiliximab
4399:Tocilizumab
4385:Vedolizumab
4380:Natalizumab
4366:Metelimumab
4309:Gavilimomab
4267:Toralizumab
4262:Teneliximab
4248:Lumiliximab
4243:Gomiliximab
4229:Ublituximab
4209:Ocrelizumab
4162:Zanolimumab
4138:Visilizumab
4096:Secukinumab
4080:Ustekinumab
4051:Elsilimomab
4035:Faralimomab
4003:Mepolizumab
3987:Ustekinumab
3982:Tocilizumab
3957:Secukinumab
3907:Canakinumab
3897:Briakinumab
3892:Bimekizumab
3887:Basiliximab
3876:Interleukin
3866:Nerelimomab
3771:Zotarolimus
3712:(reception)
3683:Thalidomide
3641:Voclosporin
3626:Ciclosporin
3620:Calcineurin
3616:Cyclophilin
3563:Leflunomide
3559:inhibitors
3374:Otologicals
3346:antagonists
3312:respiratory
3287:Orexigenics
3282:Neurotoxins
3231:Euphoriants
3221:Entactogens
3216:Depressants
3206:Anxiolytics
3144:Anesthetics
2920:Antifungals
2517:Antiemetics
2505:antagonists
2077:, see
1973:: e068632.
1600:(1): 2–13.
1439:vaccination
1423:side-effect
1379:sarcoidosis
1375:scleroderma
1316:bone marrow
1288:Ciclosporin
1140:Interferons
1135:Other drugs
1123:Zotarolimus
1117:Zotarolimus
1042:phosphatase
1038:calcineurin
1027:calcineurin
977:nephrotoxic
970:interleukin
958:calcineurin
946:cyclophilin
939:calcineurin
929:Ciclosporin
923:Ciclosporin
902:basiliximab
772:anaphylaxis
706:circulation
618:mithramycin
610:mitomycin C
578:lymphocytes
534:inhibitors.
427:Cytostatics
416:Cytostatics
406:macrophages
402:neutrophils
327:synthesis.
204:other drugs
189:cytostatics
34:needs more
5646:Categories
5066:islet cell
5036:Heart–lung
4885:Sutimlimab
4880:Spesolimab
4865:Siltuximab
4805:Olokizumab
4795:Ixekizumab
4790:Itacitinib
4780:Guselkumab
4775:Fingolimod
4770:Filgotinib
4720:Crovalimab
4710:Brodalumab
4700:Blisibimod
4665:Rilonacept
4648:Opinercept
4643:Etanercept
4629:Belatacept
4580:Polyclonal
4541:Siplizumab
4531:Reslizumab
4521:Ofatumumab
4511:Maslimomab
4496:Emapalumab
4439:Inolimomab
4434:Daclizumab
4413:Odulimomab
4328:Ruplizumab
4323:Frexalimab
4281:Aselizumab
4176:Efalizumab
4133:Teplizumab
4029:Interferon
4019:Omalizumab
3972:Spesolimab
3962:Siltuximab
3937:Rilonacept
3932:Olokizumab
3922:Ixekizumab
3917:Guselkumab
3912:Daclizumab
3902:Brodalumab
3861:Infliximab
3846:Afelimomab
3841:Adalimumab
3825:Eculizumab
3801:Monoclonal
3792:Antibodies
3766:Umirolimus
3746:Everolimus
3695:Apremilast
3655:Gusperimus
3636:Tacrolimus
3604:inhibitors
3596:Macrolides
3578:antifolate
3297:Stimulants
3277:Nootropics
3251:Deliriants
3226:Entheogens
3161:Anorectics
3139:Analgesics
2992:Alkylating
2925:Antivirals
2880:infections
2754:Emollients
2608:Coagulants
2478:metabolism
1778:Immunology
1575:1142934194
1540:References
1498:lymphocyte
1494:metabolism
1431:infections
1270:Fingolimod
1197:adalimumab
1193:etanercept
1189:infliximab
1146:Interferon
1109:Everolimus
1103:Everolimus
1074:bacterium
1054:cell cycle
1021:. It is a
1011:Tacrolimus
1005:Tacrolimus
966:lymphokine
935:tacrolimus
906:daclizumab
847:arthralgia
788:analgesics
780:joint pain
722:tuberculin
694:complement
667:thymocytes
635:Antibodies
628:See also:
624:Antibodies
548:folic acid
523:pyrimidine
501:folic acid
410:mastocytes
398:chemokines
382:chemotaxis
378:emigration
371:epithelial
356:eicosanoid
315:, causing
222:prednisone
194:antibodies
133:Prednisone
76:newspapers
5328:Countries
5041:Intestine
4875:Sirukumab
4870:Siponimod
4855:Sarilumab
4830:Ponesimod
4800:Netakimab
4785:Iptacopan
4765:Etrasimod
4725:Danicopan
4660:Alefacept
4624:Abatacept
4546:Talizumab
4486:Begelomab
4342:Belimumab
4295:Galiximab
4224:Rituximab
4190:Erlizumab
4157:Keliximab
3967:Sirukumab
3947:Sarilumab
3927:Netakimab
3856:Golimumab
3756:Sirolimus
3447:ATC codes
3413:Dressings
3398:Antidotes
3262:Sedatives
3258:Hypnotics
2967:malignant
2824:endocrine
2670:Diuretics
2603:Platelets
2563:and blood
2522:Laxatives
2387:eMedicine
2372:21 August
2348:21 August
1733:(1): 12.
1659:993810322
1482:moon face
1421:A common
1412:control).
1395:pemphigus
1351:psoriasis
1308:rejection
1258:guanosine
1236:green tea
1213:psoriasis
1156:apoptosis
1084:protein,
1066:Sirolimus
1060:Sirolimus
867:Th2 cells
792:Urticaria
614:bleomycin
367:leukocyte
349:substrate
5606:Eye bank
5509:Pancreas
5293:ORGANIZE
5254:Advocacy
5061:Pancreas
4810:Ozanimod
4685:Avacopan
4678:Unsorted
4464:Unsorted
4374:Integrin
4107:Cellular
3882:Anakinra
3728:Anakinra
3650:Abetimus
3502: /
3292:Serenics
2957:Vaccines
2724:Fibrates
2546:Vitamins
2496:Antacids
2414:15 March
2300:79514959
2265:10361877
2219:31374180
2211:10918517
2168:37896993
2159:10611209
2136:Vaccines
2091:35073579
2068:33730753
2032:24491087
1997:35236664
1898:23118360
1890:19352129
1849:19218475
1808:15885124
1759:22413885
1708:22531442
1624:20398732
1519:BK virus
1508:See also
1359:vitiligo
1284:Myriocin
1274:integrin
1232:turmeric
1228:curcumin
1187:such as
1185:receptor
784:erythema
675:antigens
584:and the
483:cystitis
463:platinum
429:inhibit
374:adhesion
325:antibody
302:cytokine
272:(IL-1),
234:allergic
5006:Corneal
4606:-cept (
3149:General
3056:muscles
3025:L03–L04
3021:disease
2973:L01–L02
2969:disease
2719:Statins
2191:Bibcode
1988:8889026
1948:7652574
1940:8947928
1914:Roy S,
1799:1782146
1750:3355027
1699:3355480
1615:3047790
1294:Therapy
1255:de novo
1168:opioids
1162:Opioids
843:myalgia
720:(i.e.,
708:in the
317:B cells
90:scholar
55:removed
5416:Kidney
5373:People
5225:NOD-Lb
5098:Vagina
5093:Uterus
5088:Thymus
5083:Spleen
5046:Kidney
4618:CTLA-4
4608:Fusion
4109:target
4090:IL-17A
4067:, and
3600:other
3456:
3435:
3383:other
3314:system
3066:joints
3019:immune
2826:system
2786:system
2627:system
2429:(MeSH)
2298:
2263:
2217:
2209:
2166:
2156:
2089:
2085:,
2066:
2030:
1995:
1985:
1946:
1938:
1916:Loh HH
1896:
1888:
1847:
1806:
1796:
1757:
1747:
1706:
1696:
1657:
1647:
1622:
1612:
1573:
1563:
1410:asthma
1401:, and
1333:Treat
1324:kidney
1211:, and
1097:tumors
1048:into G
1034:FKBP1A
834:T-cell
782:, and
730:thymus
710:spleen
659:rabbit
510:purine
435:purine
408:, and
306:T cell
228:, and
163:, are
92:
85:
78:
71:
63:
5541:Other
5525:Penis
5452:Liver
5380:Heart
5073:Penis
5051:Liver
5031:Heart
5001:Brain
4949:Types
4407:LFA-1
4317:CD154
4170:CD11a
4069:IL-23
4065:IL-13
4061:IL-12
3665:IMiDs
3437:Drugs
3154:Local
3121:brain
3060:bones
2561:blood
2296:S2CID
2215:S2CID
2108:with
1944:S2CID
1894:S2CID
1486:liver
1328:liver
1320:heart
1181:TNF-α
933:Like
768:rigor
764:fever
737:Atgam
714:liver
690:lysis
663:horse
655:serum
546:is a
165:drugs
97:JSTOR
83:books
5478:Lung
5273:DKMS
5078:Skin
5056:Lung
5026:Head
5021:Hand
5016:Face
4991:Bone
4961:ABOi
4337:BLyS
4289:CD80
4256:CD40
4237:CD23
4198:CD20
4184:CD18
4045:IL-6
3738:mTOR
3612:FKBP
3602:IL-2
3064:and
2741:skin
2416:2016
2374:2005
2350:2005
2261:PMID
2207:PMID
2164:PMID
2087:PMID
2064:PMID
2028:PMID
1993:PMID
1936:PMID
1886:PMID
1845:PMID
1804:PMID
1755:PMID
1704:PMID
1678:mAbs
1655:OCLC
1645:ISBN
1620:PMID
1571:OCLC
1561:ISBN
1488:and
1353:and
1302:to:
1086:mTOR
948:(an
712:and
639:CD20
582:cell
516:and
445:The
294:IL-8
290:IL-6
286:IL-5
282:IL-4
278:IL-3
274:IL-2
244:and
159:and
69:news
38:for
5011:Eye
4350:CAT
4146:CD4
4117:CD3
3835:TNF
3508:L04
3385:ATC
3123:and
2882:and
2385:at
2286:doi
2251:doi
2199:doi
2154:PMC
2144:doi
2079:doi
2056:doi
2020:doi
1983:PMC
1975:doi
1971:376
1967:BMJ
1928:doi
1876:doi
1835:doi
1794:PMC
1786:doi
1782:115
1745:PMC
1735:doi
1694:PMC
1686:doi
1610:PMC
1602:doi
1598:335
1445:or
1310:of
1238:).
865:to
863:Th1
679:ATG
671:ALG
457:),
5648::
4063:,
3260:/
3058:,
2908::
2897:QI
2895:,
2891:,
2868:/
2529:/
2476:/
2407:.
2395:.
2360:.
2336:.
2318:.
2294:.
2282:26
2280:.
2276:.
2259:.
2247:10
2245:.
2241:.
2213:.
2205:.
2197:.
2187:19
2185:.
2162:.
2152:.
2140:11
2138:.
2134:.
2062:.
2052:15
2050:.
2026:.
2014:.
1991:.
1981:.
1969:.
1965:.
1942:.
1934:.
1924:21
1922:.
1906:^
1892:.
1884:.
1872:87
1870:.
1866:.
1843:.
1829:.
1825:.
1802:.
1792:.
1780:.
1776:.
1753:.
1743:.
1731:13
1729:.
1725:.
1702:.
1692:.
1680:.
1676:.
1653:.
1618:.
1608:.
1596:.
1592:.
1569:.
1504:.
1484:,
1480:,
1476:,
1472:,
1468:,
1464:,
1405:).
1397:,
1393:,
1389:,
1385:,
1381:,
1377:,
1373:,
1369:,
1365:,
1361:,
1357:,
1349:,
1345:,
1341:,
1326:,
1322:,
1318:,
1290:.
1215:.
1207:,
1203:,
1179:A
1158:.
1131:.
1029:.
790:.
766:,
755:.
661:,
620:.
616:,
612:,
608:,
485:.
473:,
461:,
412:.
404:,
396:,
388:,
384:,
380:,
376:,
292:,
288:,
284:,
280:,
276:,
252:.
236:,
224:,
171:.
155:,
57:.
4934:e
4927:t
4920:v
4761:)
4757:(
4610:)
4456:)
4452:(
4215:)
4211:(
3618:/
3614:/
3598:/
3510:)
3506:(
3492:e
3485:t
3478:v
3391:)
3389:V
3387:(
3362:)
3360:S
3358:(
3344:1
3342:H
3320:)
3318:R
3316:(
3132:)
3130:N
3128:(
3072:)
3070:M
3068:(
3062:,
3027:)
3023:(
2975:)
2971:(
2916:)
2912:(
2899:)
2893:P
2889:J
2887:(
2832:)
2830:H
2828:(
2792:)
2790:G
2788:(
2747:)
2745:D
2743:(
2633:)
2631:C
2629:(
2569:)
2567:B
2503:2
2501:H
2484:)
2482:A
2480:(
2456:e
2449:t
2442:v
2418:.
2376:.
2352:.
2302:.
2288::
2267:.
2253::
2221:.
2201::
2193::
2170:.
2146::
2120:.
2118:)
2116:.
2081::
2070:.
2058::
2034:.
2022::
2016:6
1999:.
1977::
1950:.
1930::
1900:.
1878::
1851:.
1837::
1831:4
1810:.
1788::
1761:.
1737::
1710:.
1688::
1682:4
1661:.
1626:.
1604::
1577:.
1330:)
1090:1
1050:1
1046:0
677:(
453:(
108:)
104:(
94:·
87:·
80:·
73:·
47:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
