1783:
1804:
2300:
42:. The goal of this stimulated immune response is usually to help the body have a stronger immune system response in order to improve outcomes in the case of an infection or cancer malignancy. There is also some evidence that immunostimulants may be useful to help decrease severe acute illness related to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or acute infections in the lungs.
286:
Wira, Charles R.; Rodriguez-Garcia, Marta; Patel, Mickey V.; Biswas, Nabanita; Fahey, John V. (2015). "Endocrine
Regulation of the Mucosal Immune System in the Female Reproductive Tract". In Mestecky, Jiri; Strober, Warren; Russell, Michael W.; Kelsall, Brian L.; Cheroutre, Hilde; Lambrecht, Bart N.
154:
Immunostimulants have been recommended to help prevent acute illness related to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and they are sometimes used to treat chronic bronchitis. The evidence in the form of high quality clinical trials to support their use is weak, however, there is some evidence of
155:
benefit and they appear to be safe. The most commonly used immunostimulant type for this purpose are bacterial-derived immunostimulants. The goal is to stimulate the person's immune system in order to prevent future infections that may result in an acute episode or
482:"The Roles of Prolactin, Growth Hormone, Insulin-Like Growth Factor-I, and Thyroid Hormones in Lymphocyte Development and Function: Insights from Genetic Models of Hormone and Hormone Receptor Deficiency"
396:
Cutolo, M; Sulli, A; Capellino, S; Villaggio, B; Montagna, P; Seriolo, B; Straub, R H (September 2004). "Sex hormones influence on the immune system: basic and clinical aspects in autoimmunity".
71:
act irrespective of antigenic specificity to augment immune response of other antigen or stimulate components of the immune system without antigenic specificity, such as
646:
1735:
815:
2003:
127:. According to these publications, a sufficient amount of DCA in the human body corresponds to a good immune reaction of the non-specific immune system.
783:
1922:
39:
1792:
441:"Presence of secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor in human endometrium and first trimester decidua suggests an antibacterial protective role"
805:
713:"Immunostimulants versus placebo for preventing exacerbations in adults with chronic bronchitis or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease"
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38:
usually in a non-specific manner by inducing activation or increasing activity of any of its components. One notable example is the
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304:
355:
Moriyama, A.; Shimoya, K; Ogata, I; Kimura, T; Nakamura, T; Wada, H; Ohashi, K; Azuma, C; Saji, F; Murata, Y (1 July 1999).
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to be able to stimulate or "boost" the immune system generally lack meaningful explanation and evidence of effectiveness.
2018:
1189:
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357:"Secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor (SLPI) concentrations in cervical mucus of women with normal menstrual cycle"
17:
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Kumar, S; Gupta P; Sharma S; Kumar D (2011). "A review on immunostimulatory plants".
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100:. Other hormones appear to regulate the immune system as well, most notably
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Many endogenous substances are non-specific immunostimulators. For example,
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Nagpal, Sunil; Na, Songqing; Rathnachalam, Radhakrishnan (1 August 2005).
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Chyle, M; Chyle, P (1982). "Regulation of the immune response with DCA".
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Fraser, Ashley; Poole, Phillippa (2022). Cochrane
Airways Group (ed.).
227:
139:
124:
682:
Global
Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease – GOLD (2023).
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Lang, Thomas J. (December 2004). "Estrogen as an immunomodulator".
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564:"Evidence of the Participation of Deoxycholate in Cancer Immunity"
96:
strike women preferentially, and their onset often coincides with
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1642:
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VlÄŤek, B (1972). "Potentiation of the immune response with DCA".
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911:
688:
Global
Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease - GOLD
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provide antigenic specificity in immune response, such as
34:, are substances (drugs and nutrients) that stimulate the
439:
King, A. E.; Critchley, HO; Kelly, RW (1 February 2000).
480:
Dorshkind, Kenneth; Horseman, Nelson D. (1 June 2000).
2288:
816:
520:
291:(4th ed.). Academic Press. pp. 2141–2156.
523:"Noncalcemic Actions of Vitamin D Receptor Ligands"
50:There are two main categories of immunostimulants:
438:
764:Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology journal
561:
479:
130:Claims made by marketers of various products and
2312:
562:Vlček, B.; Reif, A.; Seidlová, B. (1 May 1971).
119:(DCA) as an immunostimulant of the non-specific
88:are known to stimulate both adaptive and innate
40:granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor
204:
115:Some publications point towards the effect of
1835:
799:
647:"How You Can Really Boost Your Immune System"
217:
814:Major chemical drug groups – based upon the
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771:at the U.S. National Library of Medicine
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717:Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
253:Journal of Chinese Integrative Medicine
14:
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1793:Pharmacological classification systems
1160:Selective estrogen receptor modulators
1823:
1440:Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
787:
706:
704:
602:
641:
319:
230:, activate immune cells through the
1053:Angiotensin II receptor antagonists
779:Deoxycholic acid as immunostimulant
92:. Some autoimmune diseases such as
75:and non-specific immunostimulators.
24:
701:
297:10.1016/B978-0-12-415847-4.00110-5
123:, activating its main actors, the
25:
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757:
45:
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1802:
1782:
1781:
568:Zeitschrift fĂĽr Naturforschung B
2237:Polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid
1190:Hypothalamic–pituitary hormones
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635:
615:
596:
79:
729:10.1002/14651858.CD013343.pub2
555:
514:
473:
432:
389:
348:
313:
279:
244:
13:
1:
942:Thrombolytics / fibrinolytics
237:
213:, a stimulator of macrophages
69:Non-specific immunostimulants
1653:Wakefulness-promoting agents
445:Molecular Human Reproduction
361:Molecular Human Reproduction
132:alternative health providers
7:
205:Endogenous immunostimulants
162:
10:
2347:
1880:Colony-stimulating factors
1303:Intravenous immunoglobulin
410:10.1191/0961203304lu1094oa
334:10.1016/j.clim.2004.05.011
218:Synthetic immunostimulants
167:
2156:
2134:Histamine dihydrochloride
2121:
2085:
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1955:
1878:
1869:
1862:
1777:
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1705:
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1470:
1405:
1368:
1316:
1229:
1173:
1133:
1090:
974:
910:
822:
55:Specific immunostimulants
2266:Bacillus Calmette–Guérin
1358:Topoisomerase inhibitors
1042:renin–angiotensin system
1036:Calcium channel blockers
773:Medical Subject Headings
2086:Other protein / peptide
1999:Ropeginterferon alfa-2b
149:
1893:Efbemalenograstim alfa
1150:Hormonal contraception
1080:Bile acid sequestrants
861:Proton-pump inhibitors
824:gastrointestinal tract
499:10.1210/edrv.21.3.0397
458:10.1093/molehr/6.2.191
374:10.1093/molehr/5.7.656
2176:heterocyclic compound
1995:Peginterferon alfa-2b
1986:Peginterferon alfa-2a
655:. Amherst, New York:
581:10.1515/znb-1971-0509
2009:Interferon alfacon-1
1759:Radiopharmaceuticals
1547:Antiparkinson agents
645:(July–August 2020).
540:10.1210/er.2004-0002
265:10.3736/jcim20110201
232:toll-like receptor 7
189:Immunologic adjuvant
2129:Female sex steroids
2014:Interferon alpha-n3
1542:Antimigraine agents
1532:Antidementia agents
1435:Anti-inflammatories
1125:Medicated dressings
1065:Antihyperlipidemics
892:Diabetes medication
322:Clinical Immunology
94:lupus erythematosus
86:female sex hormones
2232:polyribonucleotide
2210:Glatiramer acetate
2043:Interferon beta 1b
2038:Interferon beta 1a
2004:Interferon alfa n1
1991:Interferon alfa 2b
1982:Interferon alfa 2a
1395:Immunosuppressants
1265:Antimycobacterials
1221:Antithyroid agents
1205:Mineralocorticoids
1009:Cardiac stimulants
999:Cardiac glycosides
991:cardiac therapy /
887:Anti-obesity drugs
684:"2023 GOLD Report"
663:on 21 January 2021
657:Center for Inquiry
652:Skeptical Inquirer
289:Mucosal Immunology
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2285:
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2151:
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2080:
1817:
1816:
1720:Ophthalmologicals
1430:Anabolic steroids
1333:Anticancer agents
1296:Ectoparasiticides
1016:Antihypertensives
964:Antifibrinolytics
632:(English summary)
527:Endocrine Reviews
486:Endocrine Reviews
306:978-0-12-415847-4
32:immunostimulators
16:(Redirected from
2338:
2331:Immunostimulants
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2271:Melanoma vaccine
2256:Inosine pranobex
2188:hydroxyquinoline
2050:Interferon gamma
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1851:Immunostimulants
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1769:Senotherapeutics
1623:Neuroprotectives
1618:Mood stabilizers
1517:Anti-ADHD agents
1457:Muscle relaxants
1390:Immunostimulants
1385:Immunomodulators
1217:Thyroid hormones
1155:Fertility agents
1058:Renin inhibitors
949:Antihemorrhagics
916:forming organs (
902:Dietary minerals
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659:. Archived from
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117:deoxycholic acid
90:immune responses
30:, also known as
28:Immunostimulants
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18:Immunostimulator
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1976:Interferon alfa
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1907:Lipegfilgrastim
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1809:Medicine portal
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1683:Bronchodilators
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1537:Antidepressants
1527:Anticonvulsants
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1462:Bisphosphonates
1452:Corticosteroids
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1348:Spindle poisons
1338:Antimetabolites
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1200:Glucocorticoids
1195:Corticosteroids
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1004:Antiarrhythmics
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2099:
2096:
2094:
2091:
2090:
2088:
2084:
2074:
2071:
2069:
2066:
2065:
2063:
2061:
2057:
2051:
2048:
2044:
2041:
2039:
2036:
2033:
2030:
2029:
2027:
2024:
2020:
2017:
2015:
2012:
2010:
2007:
2005:
2002:
2000:
1996:
1992:
1989:
1987:
1983:
1980:
1977:
1974:
1972:
1971:Albinterferon
1969:
1968:
1966:
1963:
1962:
1960:
1958:
1954:
1946:
1943:
1942:
1941:
1938:
1934:
1931:
1929:
1926:
1925:
1924:
1921:
1917:
1914:
1912:
1911:Pegfilgrastim
1908:
1904:
1901:
1899:
1898:Eflapegrastim
1896:
1894:
1891:
1890:
1889:
1886:
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1877:
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1698:
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1679:
1678:Decongestants
1676:
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1597:Dissociatives
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1587:Hallucinogens
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1297:
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1291:Anthelmintics
1289:
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1145:
1142:
1138:
1135:genitourinary
1132:
1126:
1123:
1121:
1118:
1116:
1115:Antipruritics
1113:
1111:
1108:
1106:
1103:
1102:
1100:
1097:
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1078:
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1034:
1032:
1031:Beta blockers
1029:
1027:
1024:
1022:
1019:
1017:
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1007:
1005:
1002:
1000:
997:
996:
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989:
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986:
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962:
960:
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951:
950:
947:
943:
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938:
935:
933:
932:Antiplatelets
930:
929:
928:
925:
924:
922:
919:
913:
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903:
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898:
895:
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802:
797:
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761:
748:
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739:
734:
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718:
714:
707:
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689:
685:
678:
662:
658:
654:
653:
648:
644:
643:Hall, Harriet
638:
629:
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587:
582:
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569:
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558:
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541:
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532:
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229:
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222:
221:
212:
209:
208:
200:
199:Immunotherapy
197:
195:
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190:
187:
185:
182:
180:
177:
175:
172:
171:
160:
158:
147:
145:
141:
137:
136:chiropractors
133:
128:
126:
122:
121:immune system
118:
113:
111:
107:
103:
99:
95:
91:
87:
74:
70:
67:
64:
60:
56:
53:
52:
51:
43:
41:
37:
36:immune system
33:
29:
19:
2276:Sipuleucel-T
2244:thiazolidine
2098:Immunocyanin
2060:Interleukins
2025:
1964:
1933:Sargramostim
1928:Molgramostim
1850:
1592:Psychedelics
1562:Aphrodisiacs
1389:
1236:infestations
1212:Sex hormones
1165:Sex hormones
1110:Cicatrizants
1040:
1026:Vasodilators
993:antianginals
990:
842:stomach acid
841:
720:
716:
691:. Retrieved
687:
677:
665:. Retrieved
661:the original
650:
637:
627:
626:(in Czech).
623:
617:
608:
607:(in Czech).
604:
598:
571:
567:
557:
530:
526:
516:
489:
485:
475:
448:
444:
434:
401:
397:
391:
364:
360:
350:
325:
321:
315:
288:
281:
256:
252:
246:
157:exacerbation
153:
129:
114:
83:
80:Non-specific
68:
54:
49:
31:
27:
26:
2220:Thymosin α1
2215:Thymopentin
2200:Mifamurtide
2164:beta-glucan
2068:Aldesleukin
1957:Interferons
1916:Lenograstim
1725:Otologicals
1697:antagonists
1663:respiratory
1638:Orexigenics
1633:Neurotoxins
1582:Euphoriants
1572:Entactogens
1567:Depressants
1557:Anxiolytics
1495:Anesthetics
1271:Antifungals
868:Antiemetics
856:antagonists
125:macrophages
2321:Immunology
2315:Categories
2193:Roquinimex
2181:Plerixafor
2113:Tasonermin
2103:Pegademase
2073:Oprelvekin
1903:Filgrastim
1863:Endogenous
1648:Stimulants
1628:Nootropics
1602:Deliriants
1577:Entheogens
1512:Anorectics
1490:Analgesics
1343:Alkylating
1276:Antivirals
1231:infections
1105:Emollients
959:Coagulants
829:metabolism
667:21 January
630:: 212–218.
611:: 326–330.
238:References
228:resiquimod
140:homeopaths
134:, such as
2249:Pidotimod
2157:Exogenous
2144:Vitamin D
2139:Poly ICLC
2108:Prolactin
1871:Cytokines
1798:ATC codes
1764:Dressings
1749:Antidotes
1613:Sedatives
1609:Hypnotics
1318:malignant
1175:endocrine
1021:Diuretics
954:Platelets
914:and blood
873:Laxatives
224:Imiquimod
159:of COPD.
110:vitamin D
102:prolactin
73:adjuvants
2261:vaccines
2225:Thymulin
2169:Lentinan
1945:Ancestim
1643:Serenics
1308:Vaccines
1075:Fibrates
897:Vitamins
847:Antacids
747:36373977
549:15798098
508:10857555
467:10655462
426:23941507
418:15485092
383:10381821
342:15507385
287:(eds.).
273:21288444
163:See also
59:vaccines
2305:Biology
2034:natural
1978:natural
1500:General
1407:muscles
1376:L03–L04
1372:disease
1324:L01–L02
1320:disease
1070:Statins
738:9661939
693:27 July
590:4398280
174:Antigen
168:General
98:puberty
63:antigen
61:or any
2291:Portal
1923:GM-CSF
1807:
1786:
1734:other
1665:system
1417:joints
1370:immune
1177:system
1137:system
978:system
775:(MeSH)
745:
735:
723:(11).
588:
547:
506:
465:
424:
416:
381:
340:
303:
271:
142:, and
2122:Other
1965:alpha
1888:G-CSF
1788:Drugs
1505:Local
1472:brain
1411:bones
912:blood
422:S2CID
398:Lupus
2026:beta
1415:and
1092:skin
743:PMID
721:2022
695:2023
669:2021
586:PMID
545:PMID
504:PMID
463:PMID
414:PMID
379:PMID
338:PMID
301:ISBN
269:PMID
226:and
150:Uses
108:and
1940:SCF
1855:L03
1736:ATC
1474:and
1233:and
733:PMC
725:doi
576:doi
535:doi
494:doi
453:doi
406:doi
369:doi
330:doi
326:113
293:doi
261:doi
2317::
2028::
1997:/
1993:/
1984:/
1967::
1909:/
1905:/
1611:/
1409:,
1259::
1248:QI
1246:,
1242:,
1219:/
880:/
827:/
741:.
731:.
719:.
715:.
703:^
686:.
649:.
628:84
609:52
584:.
572:26
570:.
566:.
543:.
531:26
529:.
525:.
502:.
490:21
488:.
484:.
461:.
447:.
443:.
420:.
412:.
402:13
400:.
377:.
363:.
359:.
336:.
324:.
299:.
267:.
255:.
138:,
112:.
104:,
2293::
1857:)
1853:(
1843:e
1836:t
1829:v
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1740:V
1738:(
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1711:S
1709:(
1695:1
1693:H
1671:)
1669:R
1667:(
1483:)
1481:N
1479:(
1423:)
1421:M
1419:(
1413:,
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1374:(
1326:)
1322:(
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1263:(
1250:)
1244:P
1240:J
1238:(
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1181:H
1179:(
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1141:G
1139:(
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1096:D
1094:(
984:)
982:C
980:(
920:)
918:B
854:2
852:H
835:)
833:A
831:(
807:e
800:t
793:v
749:.
727::
697:.
671:.
592:.
578::
551:.
537::
510:.
496::
469:.
455::
449:6
428:.
408::
385:.
371::
365:5
344:.
332::
309:.
295::
275:.
263::
257:9
65:.
20:)
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