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means that the act is inherently illegal. Thus, an act is illegal without extrinsic proof of any surrounding circumstances such as lack of
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show that the practice is not "one designed to 'increase economic efficiency and render markets more, rather than less, competitive'";
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conclusively presumed to be an "unreasonable restraint on trade" and thus anti competitive. The
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A number of cases have subsequently raised doubts about the validity of the illegal
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treatment and began issuing guidelines. Courts and agencies seeking to apply the
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regardless of the reasonableness of such actions. Traditionally, illegal
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over a certain limit (such as 0.05% or 0.08%) an act which is illegal
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absent good evidence of competitiveness behavior, avoid broadening
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rule. Under modern
Antitrust theories, the traditionally illegal
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category can trace its origins in the 1898 Supreme Court case
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of unreasonableness. The court carefully narrowed the
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treatment to new or innovative business relationships.
138:(knowledge) or other defenses. Acts are made illegal
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355:Nat's Collegiate Athletic Assn v. Board of Regents
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207:has, in the past, determined activities such as
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285:carefully examine market conditions; and
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367:FTC v. Indiana Federation of Dentists
245:Addyston Pipe & Steel Co. v. U.S.
47:adding citations to reliable sources
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166:laws make driving with a
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186:, illegal
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