844:
914:
667:
1003:
139:
4241:
4234:
529:
1387:
157:
3036:
4220:
122:
3054:
1352:
4248:
1062:
3048:
4405:
4227:
3043:
1033:
4213:
615:
623:
1149:
876:
1090:
1119:
973:
1363:
land. The hindlimbs were smaller than the forelimbs and unlikely to have borne full weight in an adult, while the broad, overlapping ribs would have inhibited side-to-side movements. The forelimbs had the required range of movement to push the body up and forward, probably allowing the animal to drag itself across flat land by synchronous (rather than alternate) "crutching" movements, much like that of a
740:
1202:
1177:
1362:
Its massive ribcage was made up of overlapping ribs and the animal possessed a stronger skeletal structure, a largely fishlike spine, and forelimbs apparently powerful enough to pull the body from the water. These anatomical modifications may have evolved to handle the lack of buoyancy experienced on
654:
above the hips have fan-shaped neural spines that transition from forward-leaning to backward-leaning as they approach the tail. The vertebrae right behind the hips have unusually large ribs similar to those of the thoracic region. The caudal vertebrae have slender spines that lean backwards. The
610:
on each hind leg, along with a peculiar, poorly ossified mass which lies anteriorly adjacent to the digits. The exact number of digits on the forelimb is not yet known, since fossils of the hand have not been found. While in water, the foot would have functioned like a fleshy paddle more than a
1823:
567:
differences are not very pronounced. The species differ in skull proportions, skull punctuation and skull bone patterns. The comparisons were done on 14 specimens collected in 1931 by the
1846:
642:
at the front of the trunk and the short neck have tall neural spines that lean backwards. They attach to pointed ribs which increase in size and acquire prominent
1442:
2353:
2945:
4564:
582:
was a fairly large animal for its time, as it was broadly built and about 1.5 m (4.9 ft) long. The skull was low, with dorsally placed eyes and large
512:
between fish and tetrapods, combining fish and tetrapod features. Newer research has shown that it had an unusual anatomy, functioning more akin to a
2700:
2478:
2766:
2693:
2679:
2363:
4495:
2914:
2752:
2383:
2293:
2243:
4584:
3303:
2965:
2612:
2527:
2485:
2873:
2686:
2535:
2499:
2413:
1850:
4554:
2373:
2213:
1797:
840:
stem-tetrapods. The evolutionary tree of early stegocephalians below follows the results of one such analysis performed by Swartz in 2012.
2641:
2313:
650:
at the back of the trunk have strong muscle scars and neural spines which are bent forwards and decrease in size towards the hips. The
2588:
2443:
2016:
4589:
4482:
1444:
568:
496:
build and habit, it is not a true member of the group in the narrow sense, as the first modern amphibians (members of the group
4574:
4559:
2044:
1947:
1660:
4377:
1931:
1656:
843:
4594:
533:
4233:
1594:
1417:
643:
607:
4240:
1824:"Ichthyostega, one of the first creatures to step on land, could not have walked on four legs, say scientists"
4579:
4569:
4367:
2009:
130:
1952:
1412:
1400:
540:
245:
156:
646:. Past the sixth or seventh flanged rib, the ribs abruptly decrease in size and lose their flanges. The
504:
Period. Until finds of other early stegocephalians and closely related fishes in the late 20th century,
913:
1344:. Tetrapodomorphs used their bodies and tails for locomotion and their fins for steering and braking;
4219:
3042:
666:
4549:
4408:
4247:
2002:
1336:
in their increased adaptations for life on land. Though tetrapodomorphs possessed lungs, they used
4226:
3047:
663:). The tail fin was not as deep as in Acanthostega, and would have been less useful for swimming.
4212:
4182:
1801:
638:
was unusual and highly specialized relative to both its contemporaries and later tetrapods. The
4526:
4463:
4425:
4362:
4146:
3053:
2114:
1002:
591:
4500:
4521:
4513:
719:
may have ventured onto land on occasions, unlike contemporaneous limbed vertebrates, such as
1921:
472:
possessed lungs and limbs that helped it navigate through shallow water in swamps. Although
468:
record and was one of the first with weight-bearing adaptations for terrestrial locomotion.
138:
2203:
1751:
1688:
1517:
1470:
564:
3035:
1967:
8:
4382:
3562:
1392:
509:
1755:
1692:
1563:
1521:
4304:
3778:
3430:
2866:
2626:
1774:
1739:
1720:
1541:
825:
639:
353:
151:
1499:
4508:
4310:
3889:
3549:
3280:
2743:
2712:
2566:
1961:
1927:
1893:
1876:
1779:
1712:
1704:
1652:
1631:
1590:
1533:
4316:
3573:
1888:
1877:"Taxonomic Revision Of The Late Devonian Tetrapod Ichthyostega from East Greenland"
1769:
1759:
1724:
1696:
1623:
1582:
1545:
1525:
651:
647:
631:
587:
528:
1994:
1501:
4326:
4294:
4018:
3910:
3747:
3522:
3497:
3470:
3296:
2898:
2887:
2880:
2728:
2634:
2619:
2603:
2176:
2163:
2126:
2025:
1764:
855:
818:
727:
453:
214:
1586:
4372:
4346:
4341:
4299:
4289:
4164:
4135:
4059:
4027:
4004:
3983:
3962:
3926:
3903:
3882:
3855:
3814:
3740:
3733:
3611:
3531:
2851:
2801:
2580:
2323:
2263:
1372:
1341:
1326:
1321:
1084:
759:
583:
485:
433:
420:
1980:
1976:
1972:
1676:
4543:
4448:
4129:
4105:
4098:
4041:
4034:
3976:
3948:
3717:
3706:
3693:
3679:
3665:
3582:
3538:
3400:
3360:
3185:
3124:
2935:
2808:
2759:
2550:
2099:
2074:
1708:
1635:
1348:
may have used its forelimbs for locomotion on land and its tail for swimming.
1332:
1143:
869:
837:
768:
754:
489:
201:
72:
30:
1991:, videos by Stephanie E. Pierce, Jennifer A. Clack, & John R. Hutchinson
4336:
4331:
4280:
4275:
4152:
4069:
3997:
3955:
3726:
3672:
3511:
3420:
3350:
3289:
3144:
3134:
3114:
3071:
2986:
2859:
2671:
2656:
2457:
2427:
2333:
2253:
2065:
1783:
1716:
1611:
1537:
1027:
967:
953:
931:
829:
788:
751:
721:
708:
679:
497:
273:
227:
121:
4474:
4457:
3969:
3793:
3649:
3635:
3589:
3380:
3340:
2836:
2794:
2787:
2780:
2649:
2573:
2559:
2513:
2506:
2471:
2436:
2283:
2223:
2083:
1917:
1351:
1193:
1113:
1061:
481:
47:
1700:
1529:
828:
of primitive stem-tetrapods and is not used by many modern researchers.
4487:
4091:
3940:
3933:
3873:
3825:
3450:
3370:
3256:
3226:
3195:
3175:
3155:
2955:
2844:
2829:
2773:
2520:
2343:
2273:
2193:
1406:
1364:
1171:
1032:
996:
806:
747:
595:
517:
446:
92:
57:
1926:(2nd ed.). Bloomington, Indiana, USA.: Indiana University Press.
4321:
4084:
4076:
3990:
3766:
3658:
3620:
3504:
3484:
3460:
3440:
3246:
3215:
3205:
3077:
2992:
2975:
2925:
2822:
2663:
2403:
2233:
1627:
1196:
907:
822:
776:
548:
493:
461:
168:
97:
41:
34:
4419:
1445:"Taxonomic history of the genus †Ichthyostega Säve-Söderbergh, 1932"
614:
4442:
4120:
3918:
3841:
3834:
3806:
3628:
3321:
3236:
3095:
2492:
2450:
2393:
2056:
1740:"A marine stem-tetrapod from the Devonian of Western North America"
1500:
Stephanie E. Pierce; Jennifer A. Clack; John R. Hutchinson (2012).
1368:
1355:
1148:
875:
744:
704:
622:
513:
501:
477:
457:
188:
87:
82:
67:
62:
52:
1118:
1089:
972:
4188:
3896:
3848:
3410:
3390:
2815:
2303:
1988:
660:
297:
102:
77:
480:' because of its limbs and fingers, it evolved long before true
464:. It was among the earliest four-limbed vertebrates ever in the
3266:
2464:
2050:
1423:
692:
465:
178:
1847:"Evolutionary Flop: Early 4-Footed Land Animal Was No Walker?"
695:
morphology seems stronger and better adapted to life on land.
1675:
Ahlberg, Per Erik; Clack, Jennifer A.; Blom, Henning (2005).
1502:"Three-dimensional limb joint mobility in the early tetrapod
1201:
1176:
571:. Additional specimens were collected between 1933 and 1955.
449:
739:
711:. Whether or not these traits were independently evolved in
1375:
as the forelimbs lacked the necessary rotary motion range.
1337:
606:
The legs were large compared to contemporary relatives. It
1677:"The axial skeleton of the Devonian tetrapod Ichthyostega"
805:
Descendants also include pelagic lobe-finned fish such as
783:
Fully limbed vertebrates in weed-filled swamps, such as:
700:
559:. These species could be synonymous (in which case only
484:
tetrapods and could more accurately be referred to as a
3070:
1923:
Gaining ground: the origin and evolution of tetrapods
847:
Simplified phylogeny of the fish–tetrapod transition.
4052:
4015:
3870:
3790:
3762:
3690:
3646:
3608:
3481:
3466:
3456:
3446:
3436:
3426:
3416:
3406:
3396:
3386:
3376:
3366:
3356:
3346:
3336:
3277:
3262:
3252:
3242:
3232:
3222:
3211:
3201:
3191:
3181:
3171:
3161:
3151:
3140:
3130:
3120:
3110:
2971:
2961:
2951:
2941:
2931:
2921:
2910:
2740:
2724:
2600:
2547:
2424:
2409:
2399:
2389:
2379:
2369:
2359:
2349:
2339:
2329:
2319:
2309:
2299:
2289:
2279:
2269:
2259:
2249:
2239:
2229:
2219:
2209:
2199:
2189:
1382:
659:
retained a low fin supported by bony lepidotrichia (
335:
320:
306:
280:
2024:
817:
was considered part of an order named for it, the "
586:teeth. The posterior margin of the skull formed an
440:
427:
1612:"Polydactyly in the earliest known tetrapod limbs"
780:with limb-like fins that could take it onto land;
683:, which is also from what is now East Greenland.
4541:
1674:
618:Tail with fin rays, counterpart of specimen A.69
2174:
2010:
1902:Westenberg, K (1999). "— From Fins to Feet".
2098:
1495:
1493:
1491:
1609:
2017:
2003:
1901:
1849:. National Geographic News. Archived from
687:s skull seems more fish-like than that of
137:
120:
4565:Devonian sarcopterygians of North America
1968:BBC News: Ancient walking mystery deepens
1892:
1773:
1763:
1488:
1821:
1463:
1350:
842:
836:is intermediate between other primitive
763:– exhibited a sequence of adaptations:
738:
715:is debated. It does, however, show that
665:
621:
613:
527:
601:
551:and one species belonging to the genus
547:species from the Late Devonian of East
4542:
1844:
1737:
1561:
1340:as their primary means of discharging
772:, suited to muddy shallows;not on land
4585:Late Devonian genus first appearances
4424:
4423:
4263:
3069:
2161:
2043:
1998:
1916:
798:, with an oval-shaped neck and limbs.
1948:Tree of Life Site on early tetrapods
1874:
1670:
1668:
1610:Coates, M. I.; Clack, J. A. (1990).
1557:
1555:
821:". However, this group represents a
4555:Prehistoric lobe-finned fish genera
2162:
1822:Williams, James J. (May 24, 2012).
1798:"Devonian Times – Tetrapods Answer"
1731:
1642:
13:
4264:
1868:
1649:Evolutionary developmental biology
1436:
14:
4606:
1941:
1665:
1552:
792:which had feet with eight digits,
734:
492:. Likewise, while undoubtedly of
4404:
4403:
4246:
4239:
4232:
4225:
4218:
4211:
3052:
3046:
3041:
3034:
1894:10.1111/j.1475-4983.2004.00435.x
1385:
1200:
1175:
1147:
1117:
1088:
1060:
1031:
1001:
971:
912:
874:
569:Danish East Greenland Expedition
155:
45:
16:Extinct genus of tetrapodomorphs
4590:Late Devonian genus extinctions
1838:
1815:
1307:
534:Zoological Museum of Copenhagen
1790:
1603:
1562:Jarvik, Erik (15 April 1996).
1418:List of prehistoric amphibians
1371:. It was incapable of typical
1312:Early limbed vertebrates like
574:
1:
4575:Fossil taxa described in 1932
4560:Late Devonian sarcopterygians
4368:Polydactyly in stem-tetrapods
1845:Mosher, Dave (May 23, 2012).
1651:, by Brian Keith Hall, 1998,
1430:
563:would remain), because their
131:Moscow Paleontological Museum
1981:hindlimb maximal joint range
1977:forelimb maximal joint range
1765:10.1371/journal.pone.0033683
1413:List of transitional fossils
1401:Evolutionary history of life
7:
1587:10.18261/8200376605-1996-01
1378:
750:speciation, descendants of
441:
428:
10:
4611:
1960:Nov. 21, 2005, article by
523:
129:Reconstructed skeleton in
4432:
4399:
4355:
4274:
4270:
4259:
4209:
4163:
4128:
4115:
4051:
4014:
3869:
3824:
3801:
3789:
3761:
3716:
3701:
3689:
3645:
3607:
3572:
3557:
3548:
3521:
3492:
3480:
3332:
3317:
3276:
3106:
3094:
3090:
3065:
3031:
2985:
2906:
2897:
2739:
2720:
2711:
2599:
2546:
2423:
2185:
2170:
2157:
2125:
2107:
2094:
2039:
1449:Mikko's Phylogeny Archive
1191:
1169:
1162:
1140:
1133:
1111:
1104:
1082:
1075:
1053:
1046:
1024:
1017:
993:
986:
964:
957:
928:
904:
897:
890:
866:
859:
699:also had more supportive
520:, as previously assumed.
437:
424:
359:
352:
303:
295:
279:
272:
152:Scientific classification
150:
145:
136:
128:
119:
23:
1954:Getting a Leg Up on Land
590:covering the gills. The
146:Skeletal reconstruction
1564:"The Devonian tetrapod
400:Ichthyostegopsis wimani
4595:Evolution of tetrapods
4363:Evolution of tetrapods
1359:
1320:differed from earlier
848:
810:
671:
627:
619:
541:Gunnar Säve-Söderbergh
536:
285:Ichthyostega stensioei
4522:Paleobiology Database
1354:
846:
742:
669:
625:
617:
531:
476:is often labelled a '
404:Säve-Söderbergh, 1932
395:Säve-Söderbergh, 1932
391:Ichthyostega stensiöi
375:Säve-Söderbergh, 1932
345:Säve-Söderbergh, 1932
331:Säve-Söderbergh, 1932
316:Säve-Söderbergh, 1932
290:Säve-Söderbergh, 1932
267:Säve-Söderbergh, 1932
4580:Fossils of Greenland
4570:Transitional fossils
707:with more developed
680:Acanthostega gunnari
602:Postcranial skeleton
4383:Zachelmie trackways
3563:Pseudophlegethontia
1958:Scientific American
1904:National Geographic
1756:2012PLoSO...733683S
1738:Swartz, B. (2012).
1701:10.1038/nature03893
1693:2005Natur.437..137A
1530:10.1038/nature11124
1522:2012Natur.486..523P
1393:Paleontology portal
832:analysis has shown
644:overlapping flanges
594:was situated in an
510:transitional fossil
4305:Megalichthyiformes
2867:Platycephalichthys
1575:Fossils and Strata
1360:
849:
811:
672:
640:thoracic vertebrae
628:
620:
537:
500:) appeared in the
4537:
4536:
4509:Open Tree of Life
4426:Taxon identifiers
4417:
4416:
4395:
4394:
4391:
4390:
4311:Tristichopteridae
4255:
4254:
4207:
4206:
4203:
4202:
4199:
4198:
3865:
3864:
3757:
3756:
3603:
3602:
3599:
3598:
3550:Phlegethontioidea
3313:
3312:
3281:Elginerpetontidae
3061:
3060:
3029:
3028:
3025:
3024:
3021:
3020:
3017:
3016:
2946:Parapanderichthys
2744:Tristichopteridae
2713:Eotetrapodiformes
2153:
2152:
2149:
2148:
2145:
2144:
1973:3D computer model
1962:Jennifer A. Clack
1687:(7055): 137–140.
1516:(7404): 524–527.
1373:quadrupedal gaits
1304:
1303:
1295:
1294:
1286:
1285:
1277:
1276:
1268:
1267:
1259:
1258:
1250:
1249:
1241:
1240:
1232:
1231:
1223:
1222:
1214:
1213:
943:
942:
598:behind each eye.
508:stood alone as a
412:
411:
405:
396:
385:
376:
365:
346:
332:
317:
268:
249:
4602:
4530:
4529:
4517:
4516:
4504:
4503:
4491:
4490:
4478:
4477:
4468:
4467:
4466:
4453:
4452:
4451:
4421:
4420:
4407:
4406:
4317:Labyrinthodontia
4272:
4271:
4261:
4260:
4250:
4244:
4243:
4237:
4236:
4230:
4229:
4223:
4222:
4215:
4172:
4168:
4134:
4126:
4125:
4118:
4057:
4054:
4017:
3872:
3799:
3798:
3792:
3764:
3699:
3698:
3692:
3648:
3610:
3574:Phlegethontiidae
3555:
3554:
3490:
3489:
3483:
3468:
3458:
3448:
3438:
3428:
3418:
3408:
3398:
3388:
3378:
3368:
3358:
3348:
3338:
3330:
3329:
3326:
3320:
3279:
3264:
3254:
3244:
3234:
3224:
3213:
3203:
3193:
3183:
3173:
3163:
3153:
3142:
3132:
3122:
3112:
3104:
3103:
3100:
3092:
3091:
3085:
3076:
3067:
3066:
3056:
3050:
3045:
3039:
3038:
3000:
2991:
2973:
2963:
2953:
2943:
2933:
2923:
2912:
2904:
2903:
2742:
2726:
2718:
2717:
2602:
2549:
2426:
2411:
2401:
2391:
2381:
2371:
2361:
2351:
2341:
2331:
2321:
2311:
2301:
2291:
2281:
2271:
2261:
2251:
2241:
2231:
2221:
2211:
2201:
2191:
2183:
2182:
2172:
2171:
2159:
2158:
2105:
2104:
2096:
2095:
2089:
2088:
2041:
2040:
2033:
2029:
2026:Tetrapodomorpha
2019:
2012:
2005:
1996:
1995:
1937:
1911:
1898:
1896:
1875:Blom, H (2005).
1863:
1862:
1860:
1858:
1842:
1836:
1835:
1833:
1831:
1819:
1813:
1812:
1810:
1809:
1800:. Archived from
1794:
1788:
1787:
1777:
1767:
1735:
1729:
1728:
1672:
1663:
1646:
1640:
1639:
1628:10.1038/347066a0
1607:
1601:
1600:
1572:
1559:
1550:
1549:
1497:
1486:
1485:
1483:
1481:
1467:
1461:
1460:
1458:
1456:
1443:Haaramo, Mikko.
1440:
1395:
1390:
1389:
1388:
1356:Life restoration
1205:
1204:
1180:
1179:
1165:
1164:
1151:
1136:
1135:
1122:
1121:
1107:
1106:
1093:
1092:
1078:
1077:
1064:
1049:
1048:
1035:
1020:
1019:
1006:
1005:
989:
988:
975:
960:
959:
917:
916:
900:
899:
893:
892:
879:
878:
862:
861:
852:
851:
755:lobe-finned fish
652:sacral vertebrae
648:lumbar vertebrae
632:vertebral column
626:Size comparison.
608:had seven digits
553:Ichthyostegopsis
445:, 'roof') is an
444:
439:
431:
426:
403:
394:
384:Species synonymy
383:
374:
371:Ichthyostegopsis
363:
344:
337:
330:
322:
315:
308:
282:
266:
259:
244:
239:
160:
159:
141:
124:
114:
44:
29:Temporal range:
21:
20:
4610:
4609:
4605:
4604:
4603:
4601:
4600:
4599:
4550:Stegocephalians
4540:
4539:
4538:
4533:
4525:
4520:
4512:
4507:
4499:
4494:
4486:
4481:
4473:
4471:
4462:
4461:
4456:
4447:
4446:
4441:
4428:
4418:
4413:
4387:
4351:
4327:Ichthyostegalia
4295:Osteolepiformes
4279:
4266:
4251:
4238:
4231:
4224:
4217:
4195:
4170:
4166:
4165:Reptiliomorpha
4159:
4132:
4119:
4116:
4111:
4055:
4047:
4019:Gephyrostegidae
4010:
3911:Carbonoherpeton
3861:
3820:
3785:
3753:
3748:Palaeomolgophis
3712:
3685:
3641:
3595:
3568:
3544:
3523:Oestocephalidae
3517:
3498:Andersonerpeton
3476:
3471:Tantallognathus
3324:
3318:
3309:
3297:Obruchevichthys
3272:
3098:
3086:
3080:
3074:
3057:
3033:
3013:
2995:
2989:
2981:
2899:Elpistostegalia
2893:
2888:Tristichopterus
2735:
2729:Palaeospondylus
2707:
2701:Sterropterygion
2635:Ectosteorhachis
2620:Cladarosymblema
2604:Megalichthyidae
2595:
2542:
2479:Propycnoctenion
2419:
2179:
2177:Tetrapodomorpha
2166:
2164:Tetrapodomorpha
2141:
2127:Tetrapodomorpha
2121:
2090:
2046:
2045:
2035:
2031:
2027:
2023:
1944:
1934:
1871:
1869:Further reading
1866:
1856:
1854:
1853:on May 25, 2012
1843:
1839:
1829:
1827:
1820:
1816:
1807:
1805:
1796:
1795:
1791:
1736:
1732:
1673:
1666:
1647:
1643:
1622:(6288): 66–69.
1608:
1604:
1597:
1570:
1560:
1553:
1498:
1489:
1479:
1477:
1469:
1468:
1464:
1454:
1452:
1441:
1437:
1433:
1391:
1386:
1384:
1381:
1322:tetrapodomorphs
1310:
1305:
1296:
1287:
1278:
1269:
1260:
1251:
1242:
1233:
1224:
1215:
1199:
1174:
1116:
1087:
1000:
944:
911:
873:
856:Elpistostegalia
819:Ichthyostegalia
813:Traditionally,
804:
801:
737:
728:Obruchevichthys
634:and ribcage of
604:
577:
543:described four
526:
460:of what is now
454:tetrapodomorphs
408:
402:
393:
387:
386:
379:
373:
367:
366:
343:
329:
314:
291:
288:
265:
257:
246:Säve-Söderbergh
243:
241:Ichthyostegidae
237:
215:Tetrapodomorpha
154:
115:
113:
112:
111:
110:
105:
100:
95:
90:
85:
80:
75:
70:
65:
60:
55:
50:
39:
38:
27:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4608:
4598:
4597:
4592:
4587:
4582:
4577:
4572:
4567:
4562:
4557:
4552:
4535:
4534:
4532:
4531:
4518:
4505:
4492:
4479:
4469:
4454:
4438:
4436:
4430:
4429:
4415:
4414:
4412:
4411:
4400:
4397:
4396:
4393:
4392:
4389:
4388:
4386:
4385:
4380:
4375:
4370:
4365:
4359:
4357:
4353:
4352:
4350:
4349:
4347:Anthracosauria
4344:
4342:Phyllospondyli
4339:
4334:
4329:
4324:
4319:
4314:
4308:
4302:
4300:Osteolepididae
4297:
4292:
4290:Stem tetrapoda
4286:
4284:
4268:
4267:
4265:Related topics
4257:
4256:
4253:
4252:
4210:
4208:
4205:
4204:
4201:
4200:
4197:
4196:
4194:
4193:
4192:
4191:
4185:
4183:Reptiliomorpha
4176:
4174:
4161:
4160:
4158:
4157:
4156:
4155:
4149:
4140:
4138:
4136:Batrachomorpha
4123:
4113:
4112:
4110:
4109:
4102:
4095:
4088:
4081:
4073:
4065:
4063:
4049:
4048:
4046:
4045:
4038:
4031:
4028:Bruktererpeton
4023:
4021:
4012:
4011:
4009:
4008:
4005:Spondylerpeton
4001:
3994:
3987:
3984:Proterogyrinus
3980:
3973:
3966:
3963:Palaeoherpeton
3959:
3952:
3945:
3937:
3930:
3927:Diplovertebron
3923:
3914:
3907:
3904:Calligenethlon
3900:
3893:
3886:
3883:Anthracosaurus
3878:
3876:
3867:
3866:
3863:
3862:
3860:
3859:
3856:Megalocephalus
3852:
3845:
3838:
3830:
3828:
3822:
3821:
3819:
3818:
3815:Spathicephalus
3811:
3802:
3796:
3787:
3786:
3784:
3783:
3782:
3781:
3772:
3770:
3759:
3758:
3755:
3754:
3752:
3751:
3744:
3741:Dolichopareias
3737:
3734:Adelospondylus
3730:
3722:
3720:
3718:Adelogyrinidae
3714:
3713:
3711:
3710:
3702:
3696:
3687:
3686:
3684:
3683:
3676:
3669:
3662:
3654:
3652:
3643:
3642:
3640:
3639:
3632:
3625:
3616:
3614:
3612:Whatcheeriidae
3605:
3604:
3601:
3600:
3597:
3596:
3594:
3593:
3586:
3578:
3576:
3570:
3569:
3567:
3566:
3558:
3552:
3546:
3545:
3543:
3542:
3535:
3532:Coloraderpeton
3527:
3525:
3519:
3518:
3516:
3515:
3508:
3501:
3493:
3487:
3478:
3477:
3475:
3474:
3464:
3454:
3444:
3434:
3424:
3414:
3404:
3394:
3384:
3374:
3364:
3354:
3344:
3333:
3327:
3315:
3314:
3311:
3310:
3308:
3307:
3300:
3293:
3285:
3283:
3274:
3273:
3271:
3270:
3260:
3250:
3240:
3230:
3220:
3209:
3199:
3189:
3179:
3169:
3159:
3149:
3138:
3128:
3118:
3107:
3101:
3088:
3087:
3063:
3062:
3059:
3058:
3032:
3030:
3027:
3026:
3023:
3022:
3019:
3018:
3015:
3014:
3012:
3011:
3010:
3009:
3003:
3001:
2983:
2982:
2980:
2979:
2969:
2959:
2949:
2939:
2929:
2919:
2907:
2901:
2895:
2894:
2892:
2891:
2884:
2877:
2870:
2863:
2856:
2852:Marsdenichthys
2848:
2841:
2833:
2826:
2819:
2812:
2805:
2802:Eusthenopteron
2798:
2791:
2784:
2777:
2770:
2767:Callistipterus
2763:
2756:
2748:
2746:
2737:
2736:
2734:
2733:
2721:
2715:
2709:
2708:
2706:
2705:
2697:
2694:Sengoerichthys
2690:
2683:
2680:Palatinichthys
2676:
2668:
2660:
2653:
2646:
2638:
2631:
2623:
2616:
2608:
2606:
2597:
2596:
2594:
2593:
2585:
2581:Marsdenichthys
2577:
2570:
2563:
2555:
2553:
2544:
2543:
2541:
2540:
2532:
2524:
2517:
2510:
2503:
2496:
2489:
2482:
2475:
2468:
2461:
2454:
2447:
2440:
2432:
2430:
2421:
2420:
2418:
2417:
2407:
2397:
2387:
2377:
2367:
2364:Platyethmoidia
2357:
2347:
2337:
2327:
2324:Megadonichthys
2317:
2307:
2297:
2287:
2277:
2267:
2264:Harajicadectes
2257:
2247:
2237:
2227:
2217:
2207:
2197:
2186:
2180:
2175:
2168:
2167:
2155:
2154:
2151:
2150:
2147:
2146:
2143:
2142:
2140:
2139:
2138:
2137:
2131:
2129:
2123:
2122:
2120:
2119:
2118:
2117:
2108:
2102:
2092:
2091:
2087:
2086:
2077:
2068:
2059:
2053:
2037:
2036:
2022:
2021:
2014:
2007:
1999:
1993:
1992:
1970:
1965:
1950:
1943:
1942:External links
1940:
1939:
1938:
1932:
1913:
1912:
1899:
1887:(1): 111–134.
1870:
1867:
1865:
1864:
1837:
1814:
1789:
1730:
1664:
1641:
1602:
1595:
1551:
1487:
1471:"Ichthyostega"
1462:
1434:
1432:
1429:
1428:
1427:
1420:
1415:
1410:
1403:
1397:
1396:
1380:
1377:
1342:carbon dioxide
1327:Eusthenopteron
1309:
1306:
1302:
1301:
1298:
1297:
1293:
1292:
1289:
1288:
1284:
1283:
1280:
1279:
1275:
1274:
1271:
1270:
1266:
1265:
1262:
1261:
1257:
1256:
1253:
1252:
1248:
1247:
1244:
1243:
1239:
1238:
1235:
1234:
1230:
1229:
1226:
1225:
1221:
1220:
1217:
1216:
1212:
1211:
1208:
1207:
1190:
1187:
1186:
1183:
1182:
1168:
1163:
1161:
1158:
1157:
1154:
1153:
1139:
1134:
1132:
1129:
1128:
1125:
1124:
1110:
1105:
1103:
1100:
1099:
1096:
1095:
1085:Whatcheeriidae
1081:
1076:
1074:
1071:
1070:
1067:
1066:
1052:
1047:
1045:
1042:
1041:
1038:
1037:
1023:
1018:
1016:
1013:
1012:
1009:
1008:
992:
987:
985:
982:
981:
978:
977:
963:
958:
956:
950:
949:
946:
945:
941:
940:
937:
936:
927:
924:
923:
920:
919:
903:
898:
896:
891:
889:
886:
885:
882:
881:
865:
860:
858:
850:
838:stegocephalian
803:
802:
800:
799:
793:
784:
781:
773:
764:
760:Eusthenopteron
736:
735:Classification
733:
677:is related to
603:
600:
584:labyrinthodont
576:
573:
525:
522:
486:stegocephalian
410:
409:
407:
406:
397:
382:
381:
380:
378:
377:
364:Genus synonymy
362:
361:
360:
357:
356:
350:
349:
348:
347:
333:
318:
301:
300:
293:
292:
289:
277:
276:
270:
269:
255:
251:
250:
235:
231:
230:
225:
218:
217:
212:
205:
204:
199:
192:
191:
186:
182:
181:
176:
172:
171:
166:
162:
161:
148:
147:
143:
142:
134:
133:
126:
125:
117:
116:
108:
107:
106:
101:
96:
91:
86:
81:
76:
71:
66:
61:
56:
51:
46:
28:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4607:
4596:
4593:
4591:
4588:
4586:
4583:
4581:
4578:
4576:
4573:
4571:
4568:
4566:
4563:
4561:
4558:
4556:
4553:
4551:
4548:
4547:
4545:
4528:
4523:
4519:
4515:
4510:
4506:
4502:
4497:
4493:
4489:
4484:
4480:
4476:
4470:
4465:
4459:
4455:
4450:
4444:
4440:
4439:
4437:
4435:
4431:
4427:
4422:
4410:
4402:
4401:
4398:
4384:
4381:
4379:
4376:
4374:
4371:
4369:
4366:
4364:
4361:
4360:
4358:
4354:
4348:
4345:
4343:
4340:
4338:
4335:
4333:
4330:
4328:
4325:
4323:
4320:
4318:
4315:
4312:
4309:
4306:
4303:
4301:
4298:
4296:
4293:
4291:
4288:
4287:
4285:
4282:
4277:
4273:
4269:
4262:
4258:
4249:
4245:
4242:
4235:
4228:
4221:
4214:
4190:
4186:
4184:
4180:
4179:
4178:
4177:
4175:
4173:
4162:
4154:
4150:
4148:
4147:Temnospondyli
4144:
4143:
4142:
4141:
4139:
4137:
4131:
4130:Temnospondyli
4127:
4124:
4122:
4114:
4108:
4107:
4106:Termonerpeton
4103:
4101:
4100:
4099:Silvanerpeton
4096:
4094:
4093:
4089:
4087:
4086:
4082:
4079:
4078:
4074:
4072:
4071:
4067:
4066:
4064:
4061:
4060:anthracosaurs
4050:
4044:
4043:
4042:Gephyrostegus
4039:
4037:
4036:
4035:Eusauropleura
4032:
4030:
4029:
4025:
4024:
4022:
4020:
4013:
4007:
4006:
4002:
4000:
3999:
3995:
3993:
3992:
3988:
3986:
3985:
3981:
3979:
3978:
3977:Pholiderpeton
3974:
3972:
3971:
3967:
3965:
3964:
3960:
3958:
3957:
3953:
3951:
3950:
3949:Leptophractus
3946:
3943:
3942:
3938:
3936:
3935:
3931:
3929:
3928:
3924:
3921:
3920:
3915:
3913:
3912:
3908:
3906:
3905:
3901:
3899:
3898:
3894:
3892:
3891:
3887:
3885:
3884:
3880:
3879:
3877:
3875:
3868:
3858:
3857:
3853:
3851:
3850:
3846:
3844:
3843:
3839:
3837:
3836:
3832:
3831:
3829:
3827:
3823:
3817:
3816:
3812:
3809:
3808:
3804:
3803:
3800:
3797:
3795:
3788:
3780:
3776:
3775:
3774:
3773:
3771:
3768:
3760:
3750:
3749:
3745:
3743:
3742:
3738:
3736:
3735:
3731:
3729:
3728:
3724:
3723:
3721:
3719:
3715:
3709:
3708:
3707:Acherontiscus
3704:
3703:
3700:
3697:
3695:
3694:Adelospondyli
3688:
3682:
3681:
3680:Pholidogaster
3677:
3675:
3674:
3670:
3668:
3667:
3666:Deltaherpeton
3663:
3661:
3660:
3656:
3655:
3653:
3651:
3644:
3638:
3637:
3633:
3631:
3630:
3626:
3623:
3622:
3618:
3617:
3615:
3613:
3606:
3592:
3591:
3587:
3585:
3584:
3583:Phlegethontia
3580:
3579:
3577:
3575:
3571:
3565:
3564:
3560:
3559:
3556:
3553:
3551:
3547:
3541:
3540:
3539:Oestocephalus
3536:
3534:
3533:
3529:
3528:
3526:
3524:
3520:
3514:
3513:
3509:
3507:
3506:
3502:
3500:
3499:
3495:
3494:
3491:
3488:
3486:
3479:
3473:
3472:
3465:
3463:
3462:
3455:
3453:
3452:
3445:
3443:
3442:
3435:
3433:
3432:
3425:
3423:
3422:
3415:
3413:
3412:
3405:
3403:
3402:
3401:Ichthyerpeton
3395:
3393:
3392:
3385:
3383:
3382:
3375:
3373:
3372:
3365:
3363:
3362:
3361:Crassigyrinus
3355:
3353:
3352:
3345:
3343:
3342:
3335:
3334:
3331:
3328:
3323:
3316:
3306:
3305:
3301:
3299:
3298:
3294:
3292:
3291:
3287:
3286:
3284:
3282:
3275:
3269:
3268:
3261:
3259:
3258:
3251:
3249:
3248:
3241:
3239:
3238:
3231:
3229:
3228:
3221:
3218:
3217:
3210:
3208:
3207:
3200:
3198:
3197:
3190:
3188:
3187:
3186:Metaxygnathus
3180:
3178:
3177:
3170:
3168:
3167:
3160:
3158:
3157:
3150:
3147:
3146:
3139:
3137:
3136:
3129:
3127:
3126:
3125:Brittagnathus
3119:
3117:
3116:
3109:
3108:
3105:
3102:
3097:
3093:
3089:
3083:
3079:
3073:
3068:
3064:
3055:
3051:
3049:
3044:
3037:
3007:
3006:
3005:
3004:
3002:
2998:
2994:
2988:
2984:
2978:
2977:
2970:
2968:
2967:
2960:
2958:
2957:
2950:
2948:
2947:
2940:
2938:
2937:
2936:Panderichthys
2930:
2928:
2927:
2920:
2917:
2916:
2915:Howittichthys
2909:
2908:
2905:
2902:
2900:
2896:
2890:
2889:
2885:
2883:
2882:
2878:
2876:
2875:
2871:
2869:
2868:
2864:
2862:
2861:
2857:
2854:
2853:
2849:
2847:
2846:
2842:
2839:
2838:
2834:
2832:
2831:
2827:
2825:
2824:
2820:
2818:
2817:
2813:
2811:
2810:
2809:Heddleichthys
2806:
2804:
2803:
2799:
2797:
2796:
2792:
2790:
2789:
2785:
2783:
2782:
2778:
2776:
2775:
2771:
2769:
2768:
2764:
2762:
2761:
2760:Cabonnichthys
2757:
2755:
2754:
2753:Bruehnopteron
2750:
2749:
2747:
2745:
2738:
2731:
2730:
2723:
2722:
2719:
2716:
2714:
2710:
2703:
2702:
2698:
2696:
2695:
2691:
2689:
2688:
2684:
2682:
2681:
2677:
2674:
2673:
2669:
2666:
2665:
2661:
2659:
2658:
2654:
2652:
2651:
2647:
2644:
2643:
2639:
2637:
2636:
2632:
2629:
2628:
2624:
2622:
2621:
2617:
2615:
2614:
2610:
2609:
2607:
2605:
2598:
2591:
2590:
2586:
2583:
2582:
2578:
2576:
2575:
2571:
2569:
2568:
2564:
2562:
2561:
2557:
2556:
2554:
2552:
2551:Canowindridae
2545:
2538:
2537:
2533:
2530:
2529:
2525:
2523:
2522:
2518:
2516:
2515:
2511:
2509:
2508:
2504:
2502:
2501:
2497:
2495:
2494:
2490:
2488:
2487:
2483:
2481:
2480:
2476:
2474:
2473:
2469:
2467:
2466:
2462:
2460:
2459:
2455:
2453:
2452:
2448:
2446:
2445:
2441:
2439:
2438:
2434:
2433:
2431:
2429:
2422:
2416:
2415:
2408:
2406:
2405:
2398:
2396:
2395:
2388:
2386:
2385:
2384:Thaumatolepis
2378:
2376:
2375:
2368:
2366:
2365:
2358:
2356:
2355:
2348:
2346:
2345:
2338:
2336:
2335:
2328:
2326:
2325:
2318:
2316:
2315:
2308:
2306:
2305:
2298:
2296:
2295:
2294:Lamprotolepis
2288:
2286:
2285:
2278:
2276:
2275:
2268:
2266:
2265:
2258:
2256:
2255:
2248:
2246:
2245:
2244:Greiserolepis
2238:
2236:
2235:
2228:
2226:
2225:
2218:
2216:
2215:
2208:
2206:
2205:
2198:
2196:
2195:
2188:
2187:
2184:
2181:
2178:
2173:
2169:
2165:
2160:
2156:
2135:
2134:
2133:
2132:
2130:
2128:
2124:
2116:
2115:Gnathostomata
2112:
2111:
2110:
2109:
2106:
2103:
2101:
2100:Gnathostomata
2097:
2093:
2085:
2081:
2078:
2076:
2075:Sarcopterygii
2072:
2069:
2067:
2063:
2060:
2058:
2054:
2052:
2048:
2047:
2042:
2038:
2034:
2030:Pan-Tetrapoda
2020:
2015:
2013:
2008:
2006:
2001:
2000:
1997:
1990:
1986:
1982:
1978:
1974:
1971:
1969:
1966:
1963:
1959:
1956:
1955:
1951:
1949:
1946:
1945:
1935:
1933:9780253356758
1929:
1925:
1924:
1919:
1915:
1914:
1910:(5): 114–127.
1909:
1905:
1900:
1895:
1890:
1886:
1882:
1881:Palaeontology
1878:
1873:
1872:
1852:
1848:
1841:
1825:
1818:
1804:on 2021-07-26
1803:
1799:
1793:
1785:
1781:
1776:
1771:
1766:
1761:
1757:
1753:
1750:(3): e33683.
1749:
1745:
1741:
1734:
1726:
1722:
1718:
1714:
1710:
1706:
1702:
1698:
1694:
1690:
1686:
1682:
1678:
1671:
1669:
1662:
1658:
1657:0-412-78580-3
1654:
1650:
1645:
1637:
1633:
1629:
1625:
1621:
1617:
1613:
1606:
1598:
1592:
1588:
1584:
1580:
1576:
1569:
1567:
1558:
1556:
1547:
1543:
1539:
1535:
1531:
1527:
1523:
1519:
1515:
1511:
1507:
1505:
1496:
1494:
1492:
1476:
1472:
1466:
1450:
1446:
1439:
1435:
1426:
1425:
1421:
1419:
1416:
1414:
1411:
1409:
1408:
1404:
1402:
1399:
1398:
1394:
1383:
1376:
1374:
1370:
1366:
1357:
1353:
1349:
1347:
1343:
1339:
1335:
1334:
1333:Panderichthys
1329:
1328:
1323:
1319:
1315:
1300:
1299:
1291:
1290:
1282:
1281:
1273:
1272:
1264:
1263:
1255:
1254:
1246:
1245:
1237:
1236:
1228:
1227:
1219:
1218:
1210:
1209:
1206:
1203:
1198:
1195:
1189:
1188:
1185:
1184:
1181:
1178:
1173:
1167:
1166:
1160:
1159:
1156:
1155:
1152:
1150:
1146:
1145:
1144:Crassigyrinus
1138:
1137:
1131:
1130:
1127:
1126:
1123:
1120:
1115:
1109:
1108:
1102:
1101:
1098:
1097:
1094:
1091:
1086:
1080:
1079:
1073:
1072:
1069:
1068:
1065:
1063:
1059:
1058:
1051:
1050:
1044:
1043:
1040:
1039:
1036:
1034:
1030:
1029:
1022:
1021:
1015:
1014:
1011:
1010:
1007:
1004:
999:
998:
991:
990:
984:
983:
980:
979:
976:
974:
970:
969:
962:
961:
955:
952:
951:
948:
947:
939:
938:
935:
934:
933:
926:
925:
922:
921:
918:
915:
910:
909:
902:
901:
895:
894:
888:
887:
884:
883:
880:
877:
872:
871:
870:Panderichthys
864:
863:
857:
854:
853:
845:
841:
839:
835:
831:
827:
824:
820:
816:
808:
797:
794:
791:
790:
786:
785:
782:
779:
778:
774:
771:
770:
769:Panderichthys
766:
765:
762:
761:
756:
753:
749:
746:
745:Late Devonian
741:
732:
730:
729:
724:
723:
718:
714:
710:
706:
703:and stronger
702:
698:
694:
693:pelvic girdle
690:
686:
685:Ichthyostega'
682:
681:
676:
668:
664:
662:
658:
653:
649:
645:
641:
637:
633:
624:
616:
612:
609:
599:
597:
593:
589:
585:
581:
572:
570:
566:
565:morphological
562:
558:
554:
550:
546:
542:
535:
532:Skull A.199,
530:
521:
519:
515:
511:
507:
503:
499:
495:
491:
490:stem tetrapod
487:
483:
479:
475:
471:
467:
463:
459:
458:Late Devonian
455:
451:
448:
443:
435:
432:, 'fish' and
430:
422:
418:
417:
401:
398:
392:
389:
388:
372:
369:
368:
358:
355:
351:
342:
341:
334:
327:
326:
319:
313:
312:
305:
304:
302:
299:
294:
287:
286:
278:
275:
271:
264:
263:
256:
253:
252:
247:
242:
236:
233:
232:
229:
226:
223:
220:
219:
216:
213:
210:
207:
206:
203:
202:Sarcopterygii
200:
197:
194:
193:
190:
187:
184:
183:
180:
177:
174:
173:
170:
167:
164:
163:
158:
153:
149:
144:
140:
135:
132:
127:
123:
118:
104:
99:
94:
89:
84:
79:
74:
69:
64:
59:
54:
49:
43:
40:365–360
36:
32:
31:Late Devonian
26:
22:
19:
4464:Ichthyostega
4434:Ichthyostega
4433:
4356:Other topics
4337:Holospondyli
4332:Lepospondyli
4281:Polyphyletic
4276:Paraphyletic
4216:
4153:Lissamphibia
4104:
4097:
4090:
4083:
4075:
4070:Caerorhachis
4068:
4040:
4033:
4026:
4003:
3998:Seroherpeton
3996:
3989:
3982:
3975:
3968:
3961:
3956:Neopteroplax
3954:
3947:
3939:
3932:
3925:
3917:
3909:
3902:
3895:
3888:
3881:
3854:
3847:
3840:
3833:
3813:
3805:
3746:
3739:
3732:
3727:Adelogyrinus
3725:
3705:
3678:
3673:Greererpeton
3671:
3664:
3657:
3634:
3627:
3619:
3588:
3581:
3561:
3537:
3530:
3512:Ophiderpeton
3510:
3503:
3496:
3469:
3459:
3449:
3439:
3429:
3421:Mesanerpeton
3419:
3409:
3399:
3389:
3379:
3369:
3359:
3351:Aytonerpeton
3349:
3339:
3304:Webererpeton
3302:
3295:
3290:Elginerpeton
3288:
3265:
3255:
3245:
3235:
3225:
3214:
3204:
3194:
3184:
3174:
3166:Ichthyostega
3165:
3164:
3154:
3145:Elpistostege
3143:
3135:Densignathus
3133:
3123:
3115:Acanthostega
3113:
3081:
3072:Stegocephali
3040:
2996:
2987:Stegocephali
2974:
2966:Rubrognathus
2964:
2954:
2944:
2934:
2924:
2913:
2886:
2879:
2872:
2865:
2860:Notorhizodon
2858:
2850:
2843:
2835:
2828:
2821:
2814:
2807:
2800:
2793:
2786:
2779:
2772:
2765:
2758:
2751:
2727:
2699:
2692:
2685:
2678:
2672:Megistolepis
2670:
2662:
2657:Megalichthys
2655:
2648:
2640:
2633:
2625:
2618:
2613:Askerichthys
2611:
2587:
2579:
2572:
2565:
2558:
2534:
2528:Thysanolepis
2526:
2519:
2512:
2505:
2498:
2491:
2486:Pycnoctenion
2484:
2477:
2470:
2463:
2458:Gooloogongia
2456:
2449:
2442:
2435:
2428:Rhizodontida
2412:
2402:
2392:
2382:
2372:
2362:
2352:
2342:
2334:Muranjilepis
2332:
2322:
2312:
2302:
2292:
2282:
2272:
2262:
2254:Gyroptychius
2252:
2242:
2232:
2222:
2212:
2202:
2192:
2079:
2070:
2066:Osteichthyes
2061:
1984:
1957:
1953:
1922:
1907:
1903:
1884:
1880:
1855:. Retrieved
1851:the original
1840:
1828:. Retrieved
1817:
1806:. Retrieved
1802:the original
1792:
1747:
1743:
1733:
1684:
1680:
1648:
1644:
1619:
1615:
1605:
1578:
1574:
1566:Ichthyostega
1565:
1513:
1509:
1504:Ichthyostega
1503:
1478:. Retrieved
1474:
1465:
1453:. Retrieved
1451:. Blom, 2005
1448:
1438:
1422:
1405:
1361:
1346:Ichthyostega
1345:
1331:
1325:
1318:Acanthostega
1317:
1314:Ichthyostega
1313:
1311:
1308:Paleobiology
1192:
1170:
1142:
1141:
1112:
1083:
1057:Ichthyostega
1056:
1055:
1054:
1028:Acanthostega
1026:
1025:
995:
994:
968:Elginerpeton
966:
965:
954:Stegocephali
932:Elpistostege
930:
929:
906:
905:
868:
867:
834:Ichthyostega
833:
830:Phylogenetic
823:paraphyletic
815:Ichthyostega
814:
812:
796:Ichthyostega
795:
789:Acanthostega
787:
775:
767:
758:
726:
722:Elginerpeton
720:
717:Ichthyostega
716:
713:Ichthyostega
712:
709:zygapophyses
697:Ichthyostega
696:
689:Acanthostega
688:
684:
678:
675:Ichthyostega
674:
673:
657:Ichthyostega
656:
636:Ichthyostega
635:
629:
605:
580:Ichthyostega
579:
578:
561:I. stensioei
560:
556:
552:
545:Ichthyostega
544:
538:
506:Ichthyostega
505:
498:Lissamphibia
474:Ichthyostega
473:
470:Ichthyostega
469:
416:Ichthyostega
415:
414:
413:
399:
390:
370:
339:
338:
324:
323:
310:
309:
284:
283:
274:Type species
262:Ichthyostega
261:
260:
240:
228:Stegocephali
221:
208:
195:
25:Ichthyostega
24:
18:
4458:Wikispecies
4373:Romer's gap
4169:Pan-Amniota
4117:Crown group
3970:Papposaurus
3794:Baphetoidea
3650:Colosteidae
3636:Whatcheeria
3590:Sillerpeton
3381:Doragnathus
3341:Antlerpeton
2874:Spodichthys
2837:Litoptychus
2795:Eusthenodon
2788:Edenopteron
2781:Devonosteus
2687:Rhizodopsis
2650:Mahalalepis
2627:Cryptolepis
2574:Koharalepis
2560:Beelarongia
2536:Vorobjevaia
2514:Screbinodus
2507:Sauripterus
2500:Rossichthys
2472:Letognathus
2437:Archichthys
2414:Viluichthys
2284:Litoptychus
2224:Glyptopomus
2204:Chrysolepis
2084:Rhipidistia
1985:Icthyostega
1918:Clack, J.A.
1826:. BelleNews
1194:Crown group
1114:Colosteidae
575:Description
482:crown group
4544:Categories
4092:Eoherpeton
3941:Eoherpeton
3934:Eobaphetes
3874:Embolomeri
3826:Baphetidae
3451:Perittodus
3371:Diploradus
3257:Ventastega
3227:Tulerpeton
3196:Parmastega
3176:Jakubsonia
3156:Hynerpeton
3082:sensu lato
3008:see below↓
2997:sensu lato
2956:Qikiqtania
2845:Mandageria
2830:Langlieria
2774:Canningius
2567:Canowindra
2521:Strepsodus
2374:Shirolepis
2344:Osteolepis
2274:Kenichthys
2214:Geptolepis
2194:Bogdanovia
2136:see below↓
1857:4 November
1830:4 November
1808:2011-09-28
1596:8200376605
1480:24 October
1455:24 October
1431:References
1407:Hynerpeton
1365:mudskipper
1172:Baphetidae
997:Ventastega
807:coelacanth
748:vertebrate
691:, but its
596:otic notch
518:salamander
452:of limbed
340:I. watsoni
4322:Rachitomi
4187:includes
4151:includes
4121:Tetrapoda
4085:Eldeceeon
4077:Casineria
3991:Pteroplax
3779:Nectridea
3767:Nectridea
3659:Colosteus
3621:Ossinodus
3505:Lethiscus
3485:Aistopoda
3461:Sigournea
3441:Ossirarus
3247:Umzantsia
3216:Tiktaalik
3206:Sinostega
3078:Tetrapoda
2993:Tetrapoda
2976:Tiktaalik
2926:Livoniana
2823:Jarvikina
2664:Megapomus
2404:Tungsenia
2354:Peregrina
2234:Gogonasus
2049:Kingdom:
1709:1476-4687
1636:1476-4687
1581:: 1–206.
1475:Paleofile
1197:Tetrapoda
908:Tiktaalik
777:Tiktaalik
705:vertebrae
588:operculum
557:I. wimani
549:Greenland
494:amphibian
462:Greenland
456:from the
311:I. eigili
175:Kingdom:
169:Eukaryota
35:Famennian
4472:BioLib:
4443:Wikidata
4409:Category
4378:Timeline
3919:Cricotus
3890:Archeria
3842:Kyrinion
3835:Baphetes
3807:Eucritta
3629:Pederpes
3431:Occidens
3322:Devonian
3237:Tutusius
3096:Devonian
2642:Lohsania
2493:Rhizodus
2451:Barameda
2394:Thursius
2314:Medoevia
2057:Chordata
2055:Phylum:
2051:Animalia
1920:(2012).
1784:22448265
1744:PLOS ONE
1717:16136143
1538:22722854
1379:See also
1324:such as
809:species.
661:fin rays
655:tail of
592:spiracle
539:In 1932
502:Triassic
478:tetrapod
354:Synonyms
325:I. kochi
234:Family:
189:Chordata
185:Phylum:
179:Animalia
165:Domain:
4514:3620842
4501:1017289
4488:4816229
4449:Q131475
4189:Amniota
3897:Aversor
3849:Loxomma
3411:Koilops
3391:Gaiasia
2881:Tinirau
2816:Hyneria
2589:Owensia
2444:Aztecia
2304:Latvius
1989:YouTube
1775:3308997
1752:Bibcode
1725:4370488
1689:Bibcode
1546:3127857
1518:Bibcode
757:– like
752:pelagic
524:History
516:than a
447:extinct
429:ikhthûs
298:species
254:Genus:
109:↓
4475:143904
4283:groups
3267:Ymeria
2465:Hongyu
1979:, and
1930:
1782:
1772:
1723:
1715:
1707:
1681:Nature
1661:p. 262
1655:
1634:
1616:Nature
1593:
1544:
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