Henrik Ibsen - Knowledge

4471: 1680:"is the curse of the individual.… The state must be abolished." Brandes related that Ibsen "presented to me as political ideals, conditions and ideas whose nature did not seem to me quite clear, but which were unquestionably akin to those that were proclaimed precisely one month later, in an extremely distorted form, by the Parisian commune." And in another letter shortly before the Commune came to an end, Ibsen expressed a disappointment with the Commune, insofar as it did not go far enough in its anarchism in its rejection of the state and private property. Ibsen wrote, "Is it not impudent of the commune in Paris to go and destroy my admirable state theory, or rather no state theory? The idea is now ruined for a long time to come, and I cannot even set it forth in verse with any propriety." However, Ibsen nevertheless expressed an optimism, asserting that his "no state theory" bears "within itself a healthy core" and that some day "it will be practised without any caricature." 849:

areas they lived, often of continental European ancestry. He argues that "the Ibsen family belonged to an elite that distanced itself strongly from the common farmer population, and considered itself part of an educated European culture" and that "it was this patrician class that formed his cultural identity and upbringing." Haave points to many examples of both Henrik Ibsen and other members of his family having a condescending attitude towards common Norwegian farmers, viewing them as "some sort of primitive indigenous population," and being very conscious of their own identity as members of the sophisticated upper class. Haave points out that Ibsen's most immediate family—Knud, Marichen and Henrik's siblings—disintegrated financially and socially in the 1850s, but that it happened after Henrik had left home, at a time when he was establishing himself as a successful man of theatre, while his extended family, such as his uncles

805:, outside of the city. They were still relatively affluent, had four servants, and socialised with other members of the Skien elite, e.g. through lavish parties; their closest neighbours on Southern Venstøp were former shipowner and mayor of Skien Ulrich Frederik Cudrio and his family, who also had been forced to sell their townhouse. In 1843, after Henrik left home, the Ibsen family moved to a townhouse at Snipetorp, owned by Knud Ibsen's half-brother and former apprentice Christopher Blom Paus, who had established himself as an independent merchant in Skien in 1836 and who eventually became one of the city's leading shipowners. Knud continued to struggle to maintain his business and had some success in the 1840s, but in the 1850s his business ventures and professional activities came to an end, and he became reliant on support from his successful younger half-brothers. 1235:

daughter, Hedvig, is not his child. Blinded by Gregers' insistence on absolute truth, Hjalmar disavows the child. Seeing the damage he has wrought, Gregers determines to repair things, and suggests to Hedvig that she sacrifice the wild duck, her wounded pet, to prove her love for Hjalmar. Hedvig, alone among the characters, recognizes that Gregers always speaks in code, and looking for the deeper meaning in the first important statement Gregers makes which does not contain one, kills herself rather than the duck in order to prove her love for him in the ultimate act of self-sacrifice. Only too late do Hjalmar and Gregers realize that the absolute truth of the "ideal" is sometimes too much for the human heart to bear.

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rented a part of the building and lived with a maid. On the first floor the brothers sold foreign wines and a variety of luxury items, while also engaging in wholesale export of timber in cooperation with their first cousin Diderik von Cappelen (1795–1866). On 1 December 1825, Knud married his stepfather's niece Marichen, who then moved in with them. Henrik was born there in 1828. In 1830, Marichen's mother Hedevig left Altenburggården and her properties and business ventures to her son-in-law Knud, and the Ibsen family moved to Marichen's childhood home in 1831. During the 1820s and 1830s, Knud was a wealthy young merchant in Skien, and he was the city's 16th largest taxpayer in 1833.

1231:– a young man who returns to his hometown after an extended exile, and who is reunited with his boyhood friend Hjalmar Ekdal. Over the course of the play, the many secrets that lie behind the Ekdals' apparently happy home are revealed to Gregers, who insists on pursuing the absolute truth, or the "Summons of the Ideal". Among these truths: Gregers' father impregnated his servant Gina, then married her off to Hjalmar to legitimize the child. Another man has been disgraced and imprisoned for a crime the elder Werle committed. Furthermore, while Hjalmar spends his days working on a wholly imaginary "invention", his wife is earning the household income. 998: 55: 1351: 526: 1009: 861:, were firmly established in Skien's elite as lawyers, government officials and wealthy shipowners. Haave argues that the story of the Ibsen family is the story of the slow collapse of a patrician merchant family amid the emergence of a new democratic society in the 19th century, and that Henrik Ibsen, like others of his class, had to find new opportunities to maintain his social position. Nygaard summarized the revolution in the understanding of Ibsen's childhood and background as all the popular notions about Ibsen being wrong. 740: 5249: 836:

class, even after the family moved to Venstøp, and that they were able to maintain their lifestyle and patrician identity with the help of their extended family and accumulated cultural capital. Contrary to the incorrect claims that Ibsen had been born in a small or remote town, Haave points out that Skien had been Eastern Norway's leading commercial city for centuries, and a centre of seafaring, timber exports, and early industrialization that had made Norway the developed and prosperous part of

2361: 1439: 1450:, organized by the Dramatic Art and Design Academy (DADA) in collaboration with The Royal Norwegian Embassy in India. It features plays by Ibsen, performed by artists from various parts of the world in varied languages and styles. The Ibsen Society of America (ISA) was founded in 1978 at the close of the Ibsen Sesquicentennial Symposium held in New York City to mark the 150th anniversary of Henrik Ibsen's birth. Distinguished Ibsen translator and critic 977:, where he was involved in the production of more than 145 plays as a writer, director, and producer. During this period, he published five new—though largely unremarkable—plays. Despite Ibsen's failure to achieve success as a playwright, he gained a great deal of practical experience at the Norwegian Theater, experience that was to prove valuable when he continued writing. Ibsen returned to Christiania in 1858 to become the creative director of the 261: 2433:

and Norway, but the modernization of the language occurred largely in parallel throughout his life. There were nevertheless minor differences between the form used in Denmark and the form used in Norway, including some vocabulary and expressions more characteristic of Norway. Only in 1907 did Norwegian start to diverge from Danish to the degree that it became considered a separate, but still very similar written language. Compare

1179: 1562: 4490: 748: 1239: 627: 5032: 5463: 1142:, controversy became the primary focus, and the antagonist was the entire community. One primary message of the play is that the individual, who stands alone, is more often "right" than the mass of people, who are portrayed as ignorant and sheeplike. Contemporary society's belief was that the community was a noble institution that could be trusted, a notion Ibsen challenged. In 1162:. He expects to be acclaimed for saving the town from the nightmare of infecting visitors with disease, but instead he is declared an 'enemy of the people' by the locals, who band against him and even throw stones through his windows. The play ends with his complete ostracism. It is obvious to the reader that disaster is in store for the town as well as for the doctor. 1192:, an intimate play that draws inspiration from his own family. It was the only meeting between Ibsen and his family from Skien during Ibsen's years in exile. Ibsen had not been this close to his own family since he left his hometown over 30 years ago, and was eager to hear news from his family and hometown. Shortly after the visit Ibsen declared that he had overcome a 2375: 1536:, and it did lessen with the later plays, but the translation of Ibsen's works into German, French, and English during the decade following the initial publication of each play—as well as frequent new productions as and when permission was granted—meant that Ibsen remained a topic of lively conversation throughout the latter decades of the 19th century. When 768:

amongst themselves, and balls, dinner parties, and musical soirées came one after another in rapid succession both during winters and summers. Visits from strangers were almost a constant occurrence at our spacious farmhouse and especially around Christmastime and the market days, our townhouse was full and the table was set from morning to nightfall.

1472: 1263:(1892), Ibsen explored psychological conflicts that transcended a simple rejection of current conventions. Many modern readers, who might regard anti-Victorian didacticism as dated, simplistic or hackneyed, have found these later works to be of absorbing interest for their hard-edged, objective consideration of interpersonal confrontation. 779:

bourgeois homes in Europe in the early 1800s. In contrast to his father, who was described as sociable and playful with a cheerful and friendly demeanor, Henrik was depicted as a more introverted personality. This trait was said to be shared with several relatives in the Paus family, and later with his own son,

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franc tireur in the outposts", playing a lone hand, as he put it. Ibsen, perhaps more than any of his contemporaries, relied upon immediate sources such as newspapers and second-hand report for his contact with intellectual thought. He claimed to be ignorant of books, leaving them to his wife and son, but, as

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and others, and which we see in the theatre to this day. From Ibsen forward, challenging assumptions and directly speaking about issues has been considered one of the factors that makes a play art rather than entertainment. His works were brought to an English-speaking audience, largely thanks to the

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Ibsen displays masterly use of irony: despite his dogmatic insistence on truth, Gregers never says what he thinks but only insinuates, and is never understood until the play reaches its climax. Gregers hammers away at Hjalmar through innuendo and coded phrases until he realizes the truth: that Gina's

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stated that Ibsen has an "exceptional upper-class background" and is a result of Norway being a wealthy country for a very long time. Haave points out that virtually all of Ibsen's ancestors had been wealthy burghers and higher government officials, and members of the local and regional elites in the

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followed in 1881, another scathing commentary on the morality of Ibsen's society, in which a widow reveals to her pastor that she had hidden the evils of her marriage for its duration. The pastor had advised her to marry her fiancé despite his philandering, and she did so in the belief that her love

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Many Ibsen scholars have compared characters and themes in his plays to his family and upbringing; his themes often deal with issues of financial difficulty as well as moral conflicts stemming from dark secrets hidden from society. Ibsen himself confirmed that he both modeled and named characters in

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that Henrik Ibsen has the most pronounced temperament traits in common." Referring to the Paus side of the family, Hedvig Ibsen remarked, "we belong to a silent family," playfully echoing the similarity between "taus" (silent) and "Paus." One of the Cudrio sisters from the neighboring farm, who knew

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Ibsen abandoned verse and wrote in realistic prose. Several of his later dramas were considered scandalous to many of his era, when European theatre was expected to model strict morals of family life and propriety. Ibsen's later work examined the realities that lay behind the façades, revealing much

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and the chief organizer of the Symposium, was elected Founding President. In December 1979, the ISA was certified as a non-profit corporation under the laws of the State of New York. Its purpose is to foster through lectures, readings, performances, conferences, and publications an understanding of

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argues that "today, Ibsen belongs to the world. But it is impossible to understand path out there without knowing the Danish cultural sphere from which he sprang, from which he liberated himself and which he ended up shaping. Ibsen developed as a person and artist in a dialogue with Danish theater

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As audiences by now expected, Ibsen's next play again attacked entrenched beliefs and assumptions; but this time, his attack was not against society's mores, but against overeager reformers and their idealism. Always an iconoclast, Ibsen saw himself as an objective observer of society, "like a lone

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Ibsen scholar Ellen Rees notes that historical and biographical research into Ibsen’s life in the 21st century has been marked by a "revolution" that has debunked numerous myths previously taken for granted. Older Ibsen historiography has often claimed that Knud Ibsen experienced financial ruin and

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In my childhood, Skien was an extremely joyful and festive town, quite the opposite of what it would later become. Many highly cultured, prosperous families at that time lived partly in the city itself, partly on large farms in the area. Close or more remote kinship connected most of these families

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In 1825, Henrik's father Knud acquired the burghership of Skien and established an independent business as a timber and luxury goods merchant there, with his younger brother, Christopher Blom Paus, then aged 15, as his apprentice. The two brothers moved into the Stockmanngården building, where they

500:. Considered a profound poetic dramatist, he is widely regarded as the most important playwright since Shakespeare. Shaw claimed that the new naturalism of Ibsen's plays had made Shakespeare obsolete. Ibsen is commonly described as the most famous Norwegian internationally. Ibsen wrote his plays in 2432:

At the time, Norway shared its main written language—now often referred to as Dano-Norwegian—with Denmark, and this written language was referred to by contemporaries as Danish in Denmark and as Norwegian in Norway. During Ibsen's lifetime, Dano-Norwegian underwent spelling reforms in both Denmark

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was consciously informed by Kierkegaard. With success, Ibsen became more confident and began to introduce more and more of his own beliefs and judgements into the drama, exploring what he termed the "drama of ideas". His next series of plays are often considered his Golden Age, when he entered the

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Ibsen didn't just read the critical reaction to his plays, he actively corresponded with critics, publishers, theatre directors, and newspaper editors on the subject. The interpretation of his work, both by critics and directors, concerned him greatly. He often advised directors on which actor or

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At the time when Ibsen was writing, literature was emerging as a formidable force in 19th century society. With the vast increase in literacy towards the end of the century, the possibilities of literature being used for subversion struck horror into the heart of the Establishment. Ibsen's plays,

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Haave points out that Knud Ibsen's economic problems in the 1830s were mainly the result of the difficult times and something the Ibsen family had in common with most members of the bourgeoisie; Haave further argues that Henrik Ibsen had a happy and comfortable childhood as a member of the upper

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Haave writes that the sources who knew Henrik in childhood described him as "a boy who was pampered by his father, who enjoyed being creative in solitude, and who provoked peers with his superiority and arrogance." Henrik engaged in model theater, which was particularly popular among boys from

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writes that Ibsen "had strong family ties to the families who had held power and wealth in Telemark since the mid-1500s." Henrik Ibsen himself wrote that "my parents were members on both sides of the most respected families in Skien", and that he was closely related to "just about all the

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include numerous references to Ibsen's relatives, family history, and childhood memories. However, despite Ibsen's use of his family as an inspiration for his plays, Haave criticizes the uncritical use of Ibsen's dramas as biographical sources and the "naive" readings of them as literal

929:. At that time he began writing plays. In 1846, when Ibsen was 18, he had a liaison with Else Sophie Jensdatter Birkedalen which produced a son, Hans Jacob Hendrichsen Birkdalen, whose upbringing Ibsen paid for until the boy was fourteen, though Ibsen never saw the child. Ibsen went to 1246:: "30.8.99. Dear Mr. Edmund Gosse! It was to me a hearty joy to receive your letter. So I will finally personally meet you and your wife. I am at home every day in the morning until 1 o'clock. I am happy and surprised at your excellent Norwegian! Your amicably obliged Henrik Ibsen." 933:(later spelled Kristiania and then renamed Oslo) intending to matriculate at the university. He soon rejected the idea (his earlier attempts at entering university were blocked as he did not pass all his entrance exams), preferring to commit himself to writing. His first play, the 1129:

would reform him. But his philandering continued right up until his death, and his vices are passed on to their son in the form of syphilis. The mention of venereal disease alone was scandalous, but to show how it could poison a respectable family was considered intolerable.

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Ibsen's ancestry has been a much studied subject, due to both his perceived foreignness and the influence of his biography and family on his plays. Ibsen often made references to his family in his plays, sometimes by name, or by modelling characters after them.

726:, was raised in Hedevig's home. Older Ibsen scholars have claimed that Henrik Ibsen was fascinated by his parents' "strange, almost incestuous marriage", and he would treat the subject of incestuous relationships in several plays, notably in his masterpiece 618:

on 19 June. When Ibsen was born, Skien had for centuries been one of Norway's most important and internationally oriented cities, and a centre of seafaring, timber exports and early industrialization that had made Norway the developed and prosperous part of

1362:(now Oslo) after a series of strokes in March 1900. When, on 22 May, his nurse assured a visitor that he was a little better, Ibsen spluttered his last words "On the contrary" ("Tvertimod!"). He died the following day at 2:30 pm. Ibsen was buried in 3090:

Grady, Hugh (2001b). "Shakespeare criticism, 1600–1900". In de Grazia, Margreta; Wells, Stanley (eds.). The Cambridge Companion to Shakespeare. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 276. doi:10.1017/CCOL0521650941.017. ISBN 978-1-139-00010-9. OCLC

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famously wrote in 1888 that Ibsen did not have a drop of Norwegian blood in his veins, stating that "the ancestral Ibsen was a Dane". This, however, is not completely accurate; notably through his grandmother Hedevig Paus, Ibsen was descended from the

1297:. Ibsen returned to Norway in 1891, but it was in many ways not the Norway he had left. Indeed, he had played a major role in the changes that had happened across society. Modernism was on the rise, not only in the theatre, but across public life.. 1540:

was published, it had an explosive effect: it was the centre of every conversation at every social gathering in Christiania. One hostess even wrote on the invitations to her soirée, "You are politely requested not to mention Mr Ibsen's new play".

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in Norway in 1726. Henrik Ibsen had Danish, German, Norwegian, and some distant Scottish ancestry. Most of his ancestors belonged to the merchant class of original Danish and German extraction, and many of his ancestors were ship's captains.

702:. Altenburg was a shipowner, timber merchant, and owned a large liquor distillery at Lundetangen and a farm outside of town, and after his death, Hedevig took over the business in 1824. The siblings Ole and Hedevig Paus were born in 832:)—has refuted such claims, and Haave has pointed out that older biographical works have uncritically repeated numerous unfounded myths about both of Ibsen's parents, and about the playwright's childhood and background in general. 1218:

notes that Ibsen "had not been this close to his own family since he left his hometown over 30 years ago," and he was eager to hear news from his family and hometown. Shortly after the visit Ibsen declared that he had overcome a

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Henrik Ibsen in childhood, said, "he was immensely cunning and malicious, and he even beat us. But when he grew up, he became incredibly handsome, yet no one liked him because he was so malicious. No one wanted to be with him."

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Ibsen is often ranked as one of the most distinguished playwrights in the European tradition, and is widely regarded as the foremost playwright of the nineteenth century. Ibsen influenced other playwrights and novelists such as

3750: 948:(1850), received little attention. Still, Ibsen was determined to be a playwright, although the numerous plays he wrote in the following years remained unsuccessful. Ibsen's main inspiration in the early period, right up to 791:

When Henrik Ibsen was around seven years old, his father's fortunes took a turn for the worse, and in 1835 the family was forced to sell Altenburggården. The following year they moved to their stately summer home and farm,

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Rees characterizes Ibsen's family as upper class rather than middle class, and part of "the closest thing Norway had to an aristocracy, albeit one that lost most of its power during his lifetime." Ibsen scholar

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in 1891. Most of Ibsen's plays are set in Norway, often in bourgeois environments and places reminiscent of Skien, and he frequently drew inspiration from family members. Ibsen's early poetic and cinematic play

2710:, Cassell, London, 1962. (A useful introduction, giving the biographical background to each play and detailed play-by-play summaries and discussion for the theatre-goer, including the less well-known plays) 1250:

Late in his career, Ibsen turned to a more introspective drama that had much less to do with denunciations of society's moral values and more to do with the problems of individuals. In such later plays as

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became an alcoholic tyrant, that the family lost contact with the elite it had belonged to, and that this had a strong influence on Henrik Ibsen's biography and work. Newer Ibsen scholarship—in particular

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The book has been criticized for perpetuating outdated and debunked myths about Ibsen. It relies on a biographical reading of his plays, an approach that has been criticized in recent Ibsen scholarship

1620:, in the 17th century. The phenomenon of patronymics becoming frozen started in the 17th century in bourgeois families in Denmark, and the practice was only widely adopted in Norway from around 1900. 1138:(1882), Ibsen went even further. In earlier plays, controversial elements were important and even pivotal components of the action, but they were on the small scale of individual households. In 1271:

are regularly cited as Ibsen's most popular and influential plays, with the title role of Hedda regarded as one of the most challenging and rewarding for an actress even in the present day.

1086:. Although Ibsen himself always looked back on this play as the cornerstone of his entire works, very few shared his opinion, and his next works would be much more acclaimed. Ibsen moved to 4500: 2150:, in four volumes, edited by Tore Rem, with translations by Anne-Marie Stanton-Ife, Barbara Haveland, Deborah Dawkin, Erik Skuggevik and Geoffrey Hill (Penguin, 2014-2019). Fourteen plays. 743:

The roof and one of the windows of Altenburggården can be seen in the middle of the picture. Altenburggården was Marichen Altenburg's childhood home, and Henrik Ibsen lived there aged 3–8.

1146:, Ibsen chastised not only the conservatism of society, but also the liberalism of the time. He illustrated how people on both sides of the social spectrum could be equally self-serving. 462:

that was disquieting to a number of his contemporaries. He had a critical eye and conducted a free inquiry into the conditions of life and issues of morality. In many critics' estimates

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His male line together with the male-descended lines of the wider Ibsen family he belonged to will end with the deaths of Tancred Jr.'s two daughters. Sigurd Ibsen's daughter,

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Venstøp outside Skien, originally the Ibsen family's summer house, where they lived permanently 1836–1843. It was a reasonably large farm with large, representative buildings.

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actress would be suitable for a particular role. (An example of this is a letter he wrote to Hans Schroder in November 1884, with detailed instructions for the production of

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followed in 1879. This play is a scathing criticism of the marital roles accepted by men and women which characterized Ibsen's society. Ibsen was already in his fifties when

315:" and the most influential playwright of the 19th century, as well of one of the most influential playwrights in Western literature more generally. His major works include 3810: 2199: 1369:

The 100th anniversary of Ibsen's death in 2006 was commemorated with an "Ibsen year" in Norway and other countries. In 2006, the homebuilding company Selvaag also opened

5123: 6202: 1501:, he wrote: "while the storm lasted, I have made many studies and observations and I shall not hesitate to exploit them in my future writings." Indeed, his next play, 1605:, often considered one of the oldest families in Norway. Ibsen's ancestors had mostly lived in Norway for several generations, even though many had foreign ancestry. 1402:

in Oslo re-opened to the public, with the house, where Ibsen had spent his last eleven years, completely restored with the original interior, colours, and decor.

722:. The children from Ole's and Hedevig's homes maintained close contact throughout Knud's and Marichen's childhood; notably, Ole's oldest son, Knud's half-brother 2858: 2195: 1524:

Ibsen's plays initially reached a far wider audience as read plays rather than in performance. It was 20 years, for instance, before the authorities would allow

682:. In 1799, Ole Paus sold the Ibsen House in Skien's Løvestrædet (Lion's Street), which he had inherited from his wife's first husband, and bought the estate 1052:

that Ibsen came to take Kierkegaard seriously. Initially annoyed with his friend Georg Brandes for comparing Brand to Kierkegaard, Ibsen nevertheless read

1158:. The protagonist is a physician in a vacation spot whose primary draw is a public bath. The doctor discovers that the water is contaminated by the local 686:

outside Skien from a sister of his brother-in-law von Cappelen. Knud grew up at Rising with most of his many half-siblings, among them the later governor

2227: 1660:. Ibsen had an illegitimate child early in his life, not entitled to the family name or inheritance. This line ended with his biological grandchildren. 1409:

and literature that was anything but smooth." On the occasion of the 100th anniversary of Ibsen's death in 2006, the Norwegian government organised the

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in Italy in self-imposed exile. He spent the next 27 years in Italy and Germany and only visited Norway a few times during those years. His next play,

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to be performed in Norway. Each new play that Ibsen wrote, from 1879 onwards, had an explosive effect on intellectual circles. This was greatest for

638:, with Ibsen's mother (far right), maternal grandparents (centre) and other relatives. It is the only existing portrait of either of Ibsen's parents. 714:," and had moved to Skien at a young age with their oldest sister, joining Skien's merchant elite with the support of their relatives in the family 2309: 1106:

was published. He himself saw his latter plays as a series. At the end of his career, he described them as "that series of dramas which began with

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and their tightly knit families. Ibsen's ancestors were primarily merchants and shipowners in cities such as Skien and Bergen, or members of the "

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will probably cause alarm in some circles, but it can't be helped. If it did not, there would have been no necessity for me to have written it."

424:. Ibsen established himself as a theater director in Norway during the 1850s and gained international recognition as a playwright with the plays 2207: 2179: 2183: 4623: 3563: 1490:

onwards, caused an uproar—not just in Norway, but throughout Europe, and even across the Atlantic in America. No other artist, apart from

794: 6242: 5719: 4536: 942:(1850), was published under the pseudonym "Brynjolf Bjarme", when he was only 22, but it was not performed. His first play to be staged, 2588: 6141: 3837: 3678: 2530:, Ibsen's hero chooses the "passive" female who represents the government over the heroic title character representing the opposition. 2799: 4557: 2754: 678:(1766–1855) the following year. Like Henrich Johan Ibsen before him, Paus thus became the brother-in-law of Skien's wealthiest man, 989:

on 23 December 1859. The couple lived in difficult financial circumstances and Ibsen became very disenchanted with life in Norway.

6207: 3700: 54: 3814: 1210:. When working on the play, Ibsen received his only visit from a relative during his decades in exile, when 21-year old (Count) 5868: 4933: 4654: 5764: 5130: 4327: 4190: 3406: 2735: 2457: 2672: 2660: 2648: 2131: 1432: 1291:. These in turn had a profound influence on the young James Joyce who venerates Ibsen in his early autobiographical novel 1026:(1865), brought him the critical acclaim he sought, along with a measure of financial success, as did the following play, 6001: 5835: 5769: 2518:, identifying several legislators by name as "fortune hunters". It first appeared anonymously in the satirical magazine 1459:

Ibsen's works as they are interpreted as texts and produced on stage and in film and other media. An annual newsletter,

1223:. The Wild Duck draws inspiration from Ibsen's family and tells the story of Gregers Werle – described by Ibsen scholar 3977: 3874: 2862: 4926: 4618: 4245: 3794: 3008: 2963: 2618: 1170:

described, "he seemed to stand in some mysterious correspondence with the fermenting, germinating ideas of the day."

650:, grew up as close relatives, sometimes referred to as "near-siblings," and both belonged to the tightly intertwined 6125: 5712: 3898: 91: 2512:

was never intended for performance. This "juvenile polemical work" was an attack on the Norwegian parliament or

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is distributed to all members. On 20 March 2013, Google celebrated Henrik Ibsen's 185th Birthday with a doodle.

970:. In Ibsen's youth, Wergeland was the most acclaimed, and by far the most read, Norwegian poet and playwright. 5255: 5023: 3483: 3000: 2564: 1477: 719: 674:(1765–1797) died at sea when Knud was newborn in 1797, his mother Johanne Plesner (1770–1847) married captain 6232: 5798: 5793: 5759: 5754: 5749: 5173: 4613: 4083: 2833: 2641: 1505:

was initially regarded by the critics to be simply his response to the violent criticism which had greeted

2696: 1398:, had its world premiere at the 37th Humana Festival of New American Plays in March 2013. On 23 May 2006, 963: 307:; 20 March 1828 – 23 May 1906) was a Norwegian playwright and theatre director. As one of the founders of 6098: 5697: 5348: 5319: 4386: 2691:

translated by Ruth Lima McMahon and Hanna Astrup Larsen. W. W. Norton & Company, Inc., New York, 1931

1204:(1884) is by many considered Ibsen's finest work, and it is certainly one of the most complex, alongside 974: 613: 4560:- a review of the book of that title, as well as discussions of "Brand", "A Doll's House", and "Ghosts". 4545: 6252: 6227: 5861: 5705: 4647: 4504: 2713: 2408: 2101: 1637: 4524: 4495: 1656:, married Josias Bille, a member of the Danish ancient noble Bille family; their son was Danish actor 5829: 5503: 4904: 4894: 3623: 1545: 1424: 474:

are "vying with each other as rivals for the top place among Ibsen's works"; Ibsen himself regarded

6217: 5968: 5931: 5915: 5907: 5899: 5385: 5315: 5279: 5215: 5011: 4995: 4881: 4862: 4714: 4694: 4448: 3312: 2745: 2388: 2345: 2257: 2245: 1782: 1730: 1494:, had such an effect internationally, inspiring almost blasphemous adoration and hysterical abuse. 1370: 854: 715: 711: 694:. In the 1801 census the Paus family of Rising had seven servants. Marichen grew up in the stately 687: 583: 3540: 1363: 1331: 5994: 5007: 4971: 4213: 3729:, Semenenko Foundation, Andreeff Hall, 12, rue de Montrosier, 92200 Neuilly, Paris, France, 2006. 3653: 2888: 2168: 2083: 1399: 1300:

Ibsen intentionally obscured his influences. However, asked later what he had read when he wrote

1284: 699: 5462: 5456: 3127: 5681: 5540: 5355: 5303: 4769: 4754: 4411: 4131: 3475:

Feminizing Venereal Disease: The Body of the Prostitute in Nineteenth-Century Medical Discourse

3189: 3081:

Richard Hornby, Ibsen Triumphant, The Hudson Review, Vol. 56, No. 4 (Winter, 2004), pp. 685-691

2543: 2449: 2164: 1912: 1743: 1134: 1092: 896: 347: 187: 35: 5846: 4626:– Former home of the famous playwright is situated in Henrik Ibsen's gate 26, across from the 4235: 4163: 3943: 3929: 3864: 3473: 3111: 3051: 1315: 1069:

height of his power and influence, becoming the center of dramatic controversy across Europe.

997: 6222: 6187: 6071: 6063: 6055: 5854: 5373: 5285: 5085: 5003: 4889: 4784: 4729: 4640: 4368: 3686: 2582: 2398: 1951: 1808: 1428: 858: 691: 17: 4180: 3541:"Henrik Ibsen og Skien: «... af stort est du kommen, og till stort skalst du vorde engang!»" 736:

points out that his parents' close relationship was not that unusual among the Skien elite.

6247: 6197: 6192: 5979: 5442: 5338: 5297: 5267: 5200: 5182: 5116: 4979: 4804: 4749: 4704: 4699: 2803: 2403: 2322: 2003: 1860: 1756: 1078: 959: 679: 675: 663: 596: 575: 476: 421: 413: 329: 144: 1376:

in Oslo, Norway, in Henrik Ibsen's honour, making it possible to follow the dramatic play

1041: 1001:

One of the oldest photographs of Ibsen from ca. 1863/64, around the time he began writing

532:, the ship captained by Henrik's grandfather of the same name when he died at sea outside 8: 5594: 5429: 5420: 5227: 5209: 5019: 4876: 4809: 4744: 2740: 2547: 2261: 2016: 1847: 1211: 1183: 1112: 1083: 978: 671: 600: 489: 382: 377: 5566: 4207: 1076:, Germany, in 1868, where he spent years writing the play he regarded as his main work, 5987: 5618: 5476: 5361: 5332: 5221: 5191: 5049: 4987: 4850: 4794: 4627: 4608: 4540: 3287: 2440: 2340: 2330: 2159:

Ibsen was decorated Knight in 1873, Commander in 1892, and with the Grand Cross of the

1977: 1873: 1676:

views that Brandes later positively related to the Paris Commune. Ibsen wrote that the

1649: 1259: 1060: 837: 647: 620: 567: 541: 371: 312: 303: 246: 5486: 5238: 4614:

Extensive resource in several languages from the Norwegian Ministry of Foreign Affairs

3704: 2134:, with translations by Brian Johnston and Rick Davis (W. W. Norton, 2004). Five plays. 1471: 695: 659: 635: 550: 409: 6117: 6090: 5923: 5733: 5344: 5273: 5073: 5065: 4999: 4759: 4719: 4579: 4466: 4323: 4241: 4186: 3973: 3917: 3870: 3790: 3635: 3479: 3402: 3291: 3004: 2996: 2959: 2731: 2639:, translated from the Norwegian by Robert Ferguson, Yale University Press, 694 pp.), 2632: 2614: 2560: 2453: 2366: 2160: 1886: 1653: 1405: 1275: 1220: 1193: 1159: 1098: 850: 723: 335: 220: 173: 148: 3164: 1008: 5822: 5815: 5774: 5686: 5492: 4856: 4724: 4682: 4475: 4343: 4291: 3279: 2954: 2380: 2121: 2090: 1795: 1713: 1037: 955: 944: 824: 604: 275: 2596: 1350: 1338:, as well as his collaboration and friendship with the early Realist Swedish poet 432:

in the 1860s. From 1864, he lived for 27 years in Italy and Germany, primarily in

6149: 5661: 5646: 5582: 5156: 4967: 4918: 4709: 4677: 4457: 4453: 4317: 3754: 2676: 2664: 2653: 2300: 2211: 2141: 2095: 1769: 1700: 1455: 1419: 1311: 1302: 1154:. The plot of the play is a veiled look at the way people reacted to the plot of 938: 537: 525: 60: 4100: 3223: 2949: 2606: 1597: 1215: 819: 733: 607:—membership of which was mandatory—on 28 March and the baptism was confirmed in 591: 5676: 5576: 5095: 5069: 5057: 5045: 5015: 2779: 2749:(1891). The classic introduction, setting the playwright in his time and place. 2286: 2111: 1677: 1645: 1632:, Ibsen had one son, lawyer, government minister, and Norwegian Prime Minister 1629: 1581: 1491: 1319: 982: 739: 707: 683: 655: 587: 501: 405: 400:

since the mid-1500s. Both his parents belonged socially or biologically to the

4462: 396:, and had strong family ties to the families who had held power and wealth in 6181: 5606: 5600: 5533: 5526: 5326: 5160: 5061: 4963: 4868: 4774: 4764: 4551: 3639: 3283: 2701:

Canadian Review of Comparative Literature 34.4 (Dec. 2007 ): pp. 389–409

2526: 2393: 2334: 2317: 2219: 2215: 2187: 2172: 1925: 1899: 1669: 1641: 1339: 1335: 1279: 1200: 1188: 1167: 1124: 903: 878: 464: 353: 341: 260: 194: 180: 3581: 2697:

A Comparative Feminist Reading of Lesia Ukrainka’s and Henrik Ibsen’s Dramas

1150:

was written as a response to the people who had rejected his previous work,

967: 799: 6132: 5882: 5624: 5612: 5547: 5481: 5403: 5397: 5379: 5309: 5261: 5053: 4991: 4975: 4799: 4789: 4734: 4687: 4584: 2684: 2577: 2435: 2413: 2313: 2232: 2037: 1990: 1964: 1821: 1633: 1613: 1577: 1447: 1293: 1288: 1253: 1243: 1186:

paid an extended visit to Ibsen in Rome in 1884, when Ibsen was working on

1033: 1022: 986: 890: 780: 667: 579: 509: 417: 365: 317: 231: 208: 159: 31: 5727: 4120:, Nordisk forlag, Gyldendalske boghandel, Christiania and Copenhagen, 1916 2995:. Oxford World Classics. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press. p. ix. 2524:. Using play-like dialog and the names of characters from Bellini's opera 5650: 5519: 5435: 5409: 5248: 5139: 5099: 4833: 4779: 4590: 3536: 3304: 3107: 2704: 2238: 2056: 1938: 1617: 1602: 1451: 1228: 1224: 1206: 884: 845: 815: 784: 728: 651: 571: 497: 493: 481: 470: 401: 359: 201: 2859:"Henrik Ibsen – book launch to commemorate the 'Father of Modern Drama'" 1438: 5666: 5588: 5471: 5081: 5077: 4983: 4899: 3970:

Consciousness and Society: the Reorientation of European Social Thought

2520: 2305: 2293: 2279: 2272: 2191: 1657: 1609: 1410: 1307: 926: 643: 631: 563: 454: 241: 3432: 3263: 1446:

Every year, since 2008, the annual "Delhi Ibsen Festival", is held in

381:. Ibsen is the most frequently performed dramatist in the world after 6038: 6015: 5950: 5512: 4739: 4496:

Multilingual edition of all Ibsen Plays in the Bibliotheca Polyglotta

3767: 3357: 3128:"Henrik Ibsens skrifter: Brev til GEORG BRANDES (21. september 1882)" 2723: 2626:

A Thing or Two About Ibsen: His Possessions, Dramatic Poetry and Life

1834: 1673: 1378: 1054: 1028: 950: 872: 505: 323: 308: 166: 4574: 3564:"Henrik Ibsen's greatest plays, from A Doll's House to Hedda Gabler" 2581: 703: 599:

families who then dominated the place and its surroundings." He was

6032: 5656: 5391: 5367: 4517: 4484: 2514: 2249: 1565: 1383: 1178: 1017: 922: 559: 533: 397: 87: 4480: 1040:

and songs. Although Ibsen read excerpts of the Danish philosopher

5671: 5641: 2728:

Henrik Ibsen and the Birth of Modernism: Art, Theater, Philosophy

2601:

Henrik Ibsens Metode:Den Indre Utvikling Gjennem Ibsens Dramatikk

1585: 1561: 1073: 934: 908:

representations of his family members, in particular his father.

747: 437: 6166: 554:

into an affluent merchant family in the prosperous port town of

5876: 4632: 2326: 1589: 1238: 1090:

in 1875 and began work on his first contemporary realist drama

1087: 441: 5108: 4269: 4068: 2098:(Oxford, 1960-1977). The most comprehensive version available. 1616:). The patronymic became "frozen", i.e. it became a permanent 1417:

produced a miniseries on Ibsen's childhood and youth in 2006,

710:, where the Paus family belonged to the region's elite, the " 290: 5031: 4826: 4539:– a critical, conservative view of Ibsen's works, written by 4165:

Eminent Authors of the Nineteenth Century: Literary Portraits

3020:

Peter Normann Waage (1986). "Henrik Ibsen og Keiser Julian".

2253: 2062: 2050: 1387: 921:

At fifteen, Ibsen left school. He moved to the small town of

626: 555: 393: 134: 83: 6009: 2991:

McFarlane, James (1999). "Introduction". In: Ibsen, Henrik,

2816:; on Ibsen's relationship to modernism, see Moi (2006, 1–36) 1082:(1873), dramatizing the life and times of the Roman emperor 718:. Henrik Ibsen's great-grandfather was the forest inspector 4603: 4444: 1509:. Ibsen expected criticism; as he wrote to his publisher: " 1359: 1358:

On 23 May 1906, Ibsen died in his home at Arbins gade 1 in

930: 445: 433: 392:

Ibsen was born into the merchant elite of the port town of

114: 107: 4521:: The only international academic journal devoted to Ibsen 4445:

Digital Scholarly Edition of Henrik Ibsen's complete works

2178:

Well known stage directors in Austria and Germany such as

1636:. Sigurd Ibsen married Bergljot Bjørnson, the daughter of 992: 3727:

One Hundrd Year Commemoration to the Life of Henrik Ibsen

3115: 2800:"Ibsen Celebration to Spotlight 'Father of Modern Drama'" 2248:

made two busts in bronze of Ibsen—one for Parco Ibsen in

1423:. Several prizes are awarded in his name, among them the 1414: 1274:

Ibsen had completely rewritten the rules of drama with a

1242:

Letter from Ibsen to his English reviewer and translator

698:

in the center of Skien with her parents Hedevig Paus and

311:

in theatre, Ibsen is often referred to as "the father of

281: 4591:

Henrik Ibsen – A Bibliography of Criticism and Biography

4525:

Online course by Ibsen scholar Brian Johnston author of

1330:

A major influence on Ibsen were Danish writers, such as

818:'s book on Ibsen's wider social milieu and ancestry and 570:(1799–1869), and he grew up socially as a member of the 2241:(1926–2009), all directed productions of Ibsen’s work. 985:

on 18 June 1858 and she gave birth to their only child

783:. Johan Kielland Bergwitz claimed that "it is with the 444:, making only brief visits to Norway, before moving to 4292:"English Translations : Ibsen Society of America" 3748:

Directed by Les Waters, Opens March 17 at Humana Fest"

2645:, vol. LXVI, no. 17 (7 November 2019), pp. 26–28. 1708:). First published under pseudonym of Brynjolf Bjarme. 864: 4319:

The Oxford Guide to Literature in English Translation

3628:

Stati inu obstati: revija za vprašanja protestantizma

2140:(Kenneth McLeish & Stephen Mulrine, translators ( 1442:

Plaque to Ibsen, Oslo marking his home from 1828-1906

763:

Henrik Ibsen wrote about the Skien of his childhood:

287: 27:

Norwegian playwright and theatre director (1828–1906)

2472:

Only the prologue is in verse, the rest is in prose.

2356: 1413:, which included celebrations around the world. The 1044:

and traces of the latter's influence are evident in

284: 4118:

Henrik Ibsen i sin avstamning. Norsk eller fremmed?

3373:. Chapters corresponding to individual early plays. 3309:"...af stort est du kommen" – Henrik Ibsen og Skien 3186:

Henrik Ibsen i sin avstamning: norsk eller fremmed?

3103: 3101: 3099: 3097: 2163:in 1893. He received the Grand Cross of the Danish 662:– that is, the extended family of the sibling pair 278: 4948: 2993:An Enemy of the People; The Wild Duck; Rosmersholm 2802:. Bowdoin College. 23 January 2007. Archived from 2758:, Yale University Press, 2021. ISBN 9780300228663 2439: 504:, and they were published by the Danish publisher 6203:19th-century Norwegian dramatists and playwrights 4593:, by Ina Ten Eyck Firkins, from Project Gutenberg 2885:The Oxford Encyclopedia of Women in World History 2797:On Ibsen's role as "father of modern drama", see 2592:. Vol. 14 (11th ed.). pp. 224–226. 2128:Ibsen's Selected Plays: A Norton Critical Edition 1668:In a letter to George Brandes shortly before the 1612:, meaning "son of Ib" (Ib is a Danish variant of 1580:was ship's captain Rasmus Ibsen (1632–1703) from 1366:("The Graveyard of Our Savior") in central Oslo. 1306:, Ibsen replied that he had read only the Danish 6179: 4373:Den kongelige norske Sankt Olavs Orden 1847–1947 3899:"20 March: Remembering Henrik Ibsen on Birthday" 3811:"Ibsen time of the year again – Hindustan Times" 3354:Henrik Ibsen, 1828–1888: et literært livsbillede 3268:and Recent Historical Research in Ibsen Studies" 3094: 2448:. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota. p. 1644:, who became a film director and was married to 1584:. His son, ship's captain Peder Ibsen, became a 548:Henrik Johan Ibsen was born on 20 March 1828 in 4012:. London: Oxford University Press. p. 477. 3510:. London: Oxford University Press. p. 476. 3461:. London: Oxford University Press. p. 439. 2631:Jensen, Morten Høi, "Escape Artist" (review of 2054:– only released collection of poetry, included 1693:Plays entirely or partly in verse are marked . 1012:Ibsen (far left) with friends in Rome, ca. 1867 973:Ibsen spent the next several years employed at 4081: 4057:. The World’s Classics. pp. Introduction. 3333: 3234:, Scandinavian Academic Press/Spartacus forlag 2499:Mainly in prose, with a few speeches in verse. 870:his plays after his own family. Works such as 30:"Ibsen" redirects here. For other people, see 5995: 5862: 5713: 5124: 4934: 4648: 4604:The Ibsen Society of America Official Website 4055:Henrik Ibsen: Four Major Plays (Introduction) 2267:Some other things named after Ibsen include: 2260:sculpted a statue in marble of Ibsen for the 389:was the world's most performed play in 2006. 3615: 2785:Random House Webster's Unabridged Dictionary 2720:. History Press Ltd., Stroud, reprinted 2004 2104:'s translations (1960-1986). Fourteen plays. 916: 515: 4387:"Henrik Ibsen 1828-1906 [Skulptur]" 4375:(in Norwegian). Oslo: Grøndahl. p. 12. 4240:. Cambridge University Press. p. 340. 4182:The Social Significance of the Modern Drama 3529: 3180: 3178: 1120:which brought Ibsen international acclaim. 634:(ca. 1820) of the Altenburg/Paus family in 562:(Telemark). He was the son of the merchant 420:—and Ibsen described his own background as 6142:Swinging Suites by Edward E. and Edward G. 6002: 5988: 5869: 5855: 5720: 5706: 5419: 5131: 5117: 4941: 4927: 4655: 4641: 4007: 3784: 3626:[Henrik Ibsen and Carl Snoilsky]. 3582:"In Our Time: Henrik Ibsen: Audio podcast" 3505: 3456: 3032: 3030: 2978:Klaus Van Den Berg, "Peer Gynt" (review), 2657:, Pennsylvania State University Press 1992 53: 6238:Norwegian male dramatists and playwrights 5457: 4233: 3607:Ibsen, Henrik (2017). Morison, M. (ed.). 3471: 3237: 2603:(Norwegian: Gyldendal Norsk Forlag. 1977) 2549:A Commentary on the Works of Henrik Ibsen 1096:, first published and performed in 1877. 1016:In 1864, he left Christiania and went to 808: 4531:To the Third Empire: Ibsen's Early Drama 4501:Digitized books and manuscripts by Ibsen 4367: 3175: 2944: 2942: 2940: 2938: 2936: 2934: 2932: 2930: 2928: 2926: 2924: 2922: 2920: 2918: 2916: 2666:To the Third Empire: Ibsen's Early Plays 2154: 1560: 1470: 1437: 1349: 1237: 1177: 1173: 1116:". Furthermore, it was the reception of 1007: 996: 746: 738: 625: 524: 4418:(in Norwegian Bokmål). 16 December 2011 4267: 4178: 4161: 4107:, Chicago: A.C. McClurg & Co., 1891 4042:. Doubleday & Company. p. 559. 4027:. Doubleday & Company. p. 505. 3862: 3856: 3835: 3561: 3535: 3431:Hanssen, Jens-Morten (10 August 2001). 3430: 3325:"Ibsens barneår var bedre enn antatt". 3257: 3255: 3253: 3027: 2914: 2912: 2910: 2908: 2906: 2904: 2902: 2900: 2898: 2896: 2508:Though sometimes identified as a play, 2070: 1214:paid an extended visit to him in Rome. 993:1864–1883: Established work and acclaim 520: 14: 6213:Burials at the Cemetery of Our Saviour 6180: 4558:Ibsen's Kingdom: The Man and His Works 4315: 4205: 4129: 4052: 3967: 3621: 3266:Ibsen's Kingdom: The Man and His Works 3264:"Tropes Revisited: Evert Sprinchorn's 3247:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 1ff. 3232:Norsk havekunst under europeisk himmel 2883:Bonnie G. Smith, "A Doll's House", in 2755:Ibsen's Kingdom: The Man and His Works 2669:, University of Minnesota Press (1980) 2434: 954:, was apparently the Norwegian author 508:. He was the father of Prime Minister 5983: 5850: 5836:"What happens after Nora leaves home" 5701: 5112: 4922: 4636: 4268:Hanssen, Jens-Morten (10 July 2005). 4212:. London: William Heinemann. p. 4157: 4155: 4153: 4037: 4022: 3992: 3866:Ibsen in America: A Century of Change 3606: 3525:. Doubleday and Company. p. 500. 3520: 3399:Divine Madness and the Absurd Paradox 3387:. Doubleday&Company. p. 219. 3162: 3049: 2948: 2576: 2171:, and was Knight, First Class of the 2167:, and the Grand Cross of the Swedish 2108:Ibsen: The Complete Major Prose Plays 2043:Norma eller en Politikers Kjaerlighed 1466: 412:—the extended family of the siblings 302: 4361: 3896: 3261: 3250: 2893: 2490:In a combination of prose and verse. 2481:In a combination of prose and verse. 2075:Major translation projects include: 1576:The oldest documented member of the 1433:Ibsen Centennial Commemoration Award 590:, the region's civil servant elite. 5048:(née Thoresen), step mother-in-law 4454:Works by Henrik Ibsen in eBook form 4179:Goldman, Emma (28 September 2020). 4082:Terje Bratberg (15 November 2018). 3836:Daftuar, Swati (24 November 2012). 2678:Text and Supertext in Ibsen's Drama 2080:The Collected Works of Henrik Ibsen 1345: 865:Literary influence of his childhood 568:Marichen Cornelia Martine Altenburg 24: 6243:Norwegian people of Danish descent 4150: 4105:Henrik Ibsen. A Critical Biography 3897:Desk, OV Digital (19 March 2023). 3813:. 22 November 2012. Archived from 3609:The Correspondence of Henrik Ibsen 3562:Paskett, Zoe (11 September 2019). 3419:Ibsen: The Intellectual Background 2730:. Oxford and New York: Oxford UP. 2637:Henrik Ibsen: The Man and the Mask 2537: 2060:(written in 1862 but published in 1663: 1227:as representing the spirit of the 574:, which consisted of the siblings 25: 6264: 4554:(1899). Retrieved 5 January 2017. 4433: 3787:Henrik Ibsen: Mennesket og masken 3382: 2708:The Drama of Ibsen and Strindberg 2681:, Pennsylvania State Press (1988) 2573:, Columbia University Press, 1998 2446:Ibsen's Drama: Author to Audience 2086:(Heinemann, 1906-1912). 21 plays. 2045:), an eight-page political parody 670:(1763–1848). After Knud's father 6126:In the Hall of the Mountain King 5461: 5247: 5030: 4662: 4488: 4206:Jaeger, Henrik Bernhard (1890). 4130:ROTTEM, ØYSTEIN (8 April 2002). 3869:. Scarecrow Press. p. 157. 3433:"Facts about Pillars of Society" 2373: 2359: 1648:; their only child was diplomat 1551: 1110:and which is now completed with 274: 259: 5138: 4404: 4379: 4336: 4309: 4284: 4261: 4227: 4199: 4172: 4123: 4110: 4094: 4075: 4061: 4046: 4031: 4016: 4001: 3986: 3961: 3944:"Henrik Ibsen's 185th Birthday" 3936: 3890: 3829: 3803: 3778: 3760: 3732: 3719: 3693: 3671: 3658: 3646: 3624:"Henrik Ibsen in Carl Snoilsky" 3600: 3574: 3555: 3514: 3499: 3465: 3450: 3424: 3411: 3391: 3376: 3363: 3346: 3318: 3298: 3217: 3204: 3195: 3156: 3147: 3138: 3120: 3084: 3075: 3062: 3043: 2502: 2493: 2484: 2475: 2466: 2426: 2082:, in twelve volumes, edited by 1608:The name Ibsen is originally a 1475:Ibsen caricatured by SNAPP for 6208:19th-century Norwegian writers 5010:(née Altenburg), first cousin 4547:Henrik Ibsen: Critical Studies 4472:Works by or about Henrik Ibsen 4168:. T, Y, Crowell & Company. 3050:Byatt, AS (15 December 2006). 3014: 2985: 2972: 2877: 2851: 2819: 2791: 2773: 2348:was created in honour of Ibsen 2029: 1623: 1322:, "the Scandinavian Molière". 13: 1: 5174:Hans Povelsson Paus the Elder 5080:, great-great-granddaughters 5072:(née Krohn), great-grandsons 5068:(née Ibsen), grandson's wife 5040:Wife, family-in-law and issue 4958:Ancestors and birth relatives 4689:Norma, or A Politician's Love 3838:"Showcase: Reinventing Ibsen" 2767: 2571:Ibsen: The Dramaturgy of Fear 2557:Henrik Ibsen: A New Biography 2282:, named in his memory in 1995 1454:, Professor of Literature at 1325: 5609:(1910), surgeon/humanitarian 5597:(1877), surgeon/humanitarian 5018:, first cousin once removed 4982:(step grandfather), parents 4272:. National Library of Norway 3622:Glavan, Mihael (June 2019). 3230:," in Einar Sørensen (ed.), 3228:Utsikten fra Ibsens gutterom 2746:The Quintessence of Ibsenism 2642:The New York Review of Books 2624:Hjemdahl, Anne-Sofie (ed.), 2296:arts complex in Oslo, Norway 2289:crater on the planet Mercury 2114:(Plume, 1978). Twelve plays. 2038:Norma or a Politician's Love 1544:Ibsen was nominated for the 759:In his unfinished biography 7: 5438:(1897), skier, estate owner 4619:Ibsen's Influence on Hitler 4537:"Ibsen and His Discontents" 4487:(public domain audiobooks) 4322:. Oxford University Press. 4008:MacFarlane, Robert (1961). 3863:Schanke, Robert A. (1988). 3785:Figueiredo, Ivo de (2019). 3757:playbill.com, 17 March 2013 3112:Alt du vet om Ibsen er feil 2552:(New York: Macmillan, 1894) 2352: 2275:by the Norwegian government 1556: 1278:which was to be adopted by 975:Det norske Theater (Bergen) 10: 6269: 4505:National Library of Norway 3997:. Doubleday & Company. 3972:. Transaction Publishers. 3968:Hughes, H. Stuart (2002). 3506:MacFarlane, James (1961). 3478:. NYU Press. p. 162. 3457:MacFarlane, James (1960). 2559:. New York: Dorset Press. 2441:"The Nuances of Norwegian" 2409:Nineteenth-century theatre 2200:Paul Albert Glaeser-Wilken 1072:Ibsen moved from Italy to 29: 6159: 6109: 6082: 6047: 6024: 5961: 5942: 5891: 5807: 5786: 5742: 5634: 5565: 5502: 5237: 5146: 5092: 5060:(née Bjørnson), grandson 5039: 5028: 4957: 4906:The Death of Little Ibsen 4895:International Ibsen Award 4843: 4818: 4670: 4185:. Library of Alexandria. 3184:Johan Kielland Bergwitz, 3070:The Flower and the Castle 3038:The Flower and the Castle 2613:, Museumsforlaget, 2017, 1548:in 1902, 1903, and 1904. 1546:Nobel Prize in Literature 1497:After the publication of 1425:International Ibsen Award 1354:Ibsen, late in his career 1048:, it was not until after 964:Peter Christen Asbjørnsen 917:1846–1859: Grimstad years 911: 516:Early life and background 304:[ˈhɛ̀nrɪkˈɪ̀psn̩] 258: 253: 237: 227: 216: 154: 140: 130: 122: 97: 68: 52: 45: 6121:(1875 incidental music) 5577:Bernhard Cathrinus Pauss 5382:(1943), shipping magnate 5352:(1905), British diplomat 5323:(1881), British diplomat 5316:Christopher Lintrup Paus 5300:(1834), war commissioner 5280:Christian Cornelius Paus 5216:Cornelius Povelsson Paus 4996:Christian Cornelius Paus 4863:Centre for Ibsen Studies 4715:The Vikings at Helgeland 4449:Centre for Ibsen Studies 4344:"Ibsen's Selected Plays" 4234:Templeton, Joan (1997). 4209:The Life of Henrik Ibsen 3740:"Premiere of Will Eno's 3668:, Doubleday 1971, p. 807 3472:Spongberg, Mary (1998). 3459:The Oxford Ibsen, Vol IV 3313:Centre for Ibsen Studies 3284:10.5406/21638195.94.4.06 3243:Templeton, Joan (1997). 2827:"shakespearetheatre.org" 2555:Ferguson, Robert (2001) 2419: 2389:Centre for Ibsen Studies 2346:Peer Gynt Sculpture Park 1788:Hærmændene paa Helgeland 1783:The Vikings at Helgeland 1688: 1683: 925:to become an apprentice 855:Christian Cornelius Paus 712:aristocracy of officials 688:Christian Cornelius Paus 584:aristocracy of officials 126:Writer, theatre director 5008:Kristine Cathrine Ploug 4972:Johan Andreas Altenburg 4162:Brandes, Georg (1886). 4038:Meyer, Michael (1971). 4023:Meyer, Michael (1971). 3993:Meyer, Michael (1971). 3654:The Ibsen Museum (Oslo) 3521:Meyer, Michael (1971). 3508:The Oxford Ibsen, Vol V 2889:Oxford University Press 2628:, Oslo: Andrimne, 2006. 2589:Encyclopædia Britannica 2544:Boyesen, Hjalmar Hjorth 2169:Order of the Polar Star 2124:(Modern Library, 1982). 1628:From his marriage with 1503:An Enemy of the People, 1461:Ibsen News and Comment, 700:Johan Andreas Altenburg 540:was the common flag of 5830:A Doll's House, Part 2 5541:An Enemy of the People 5504:Paus family in fiction 5432:(1862), philanthropist 4770:An Enemy of the People 4755:The Pillars of Society 4316:France, Peter (2000). 3789:. Rosinante & Co. 3753:8 January 2014 at the 3352:Hans Bernhard Jaeger, 3190:Gyldendal Norsk Forlag 3169:Henrik Ibsens skrifter 3163:Ibsen, Henrik (1888). 2271:2006 was declared the 2165:Order of the Dannebrog 1913:An Enemy of the People 1749:Fru Inger til Østeraad 1744:Lady Inger of Oestraat 1569: 1482: 1443: 1355: 1247: 1196: 1148:An Enemy of the People 1144:An Enemy of the People 1135:An Enemy of the People 1093:The Pillars of Society 1013: 1005: 897:An Enemy of the People 809:Myths and reassessment 776: 752: 744: 639: 545: 348:An Enemy of the People 188:An Enemy of the People 36:Ibsen (disambiguation) 34:. For other uses, see 5603:(1881), industrialist 5430:Christopher (de) Paus 5406:(1976), shipping heir 5400:(1973), shipping heir 5374:Thorleif Lintrup Paus 5370:(1910), industrialist 5312:(1856), industrialist 5306:(1846), industrialist 5286:Christopher Blom Paus 5258:(1726), civil servant 5004:Christopher Blom Paus 4890:Norwegian Ibsen Award 4785:The Lady from the Sea 4481:Works by Henrik Ibsen 4463:Works by Henrik Ibsen 4132:"Nytt lys over Ibsen" 4088:Store norske leksikon 4084:"Ibsen – norsk slekt" 3315:. ISBN 9788291540122. 3201:Mosfjeld 1949, p. 17. 3171:. University of Oslo. 3052:"The age of becoming" 2583:"Ibsen, Henrik" 2578:Gosse, Edmund William 2399:Norwegian Ibsen Award 2155:Accolades and honours 2148:The New Penguin Ibsen 1952:The Lady from the Sea 1801:Kjærlighedens Komedie 1638:Bjørnstjerne Bjørnson 1564: 1474: 1441: 1429:Norwegian Ibsen Award 1364:Vår Frelsers gravlund 1353: 1332:Meïr Aron Goldschmidt 1241: 1181: 1174:1884–1896: Later work 1011: 1000: 859:Christopher Blom Paus 765: 750: 742: 732:. On the other hand, 692:Christopher Blom Paus 629: 605:Lutheran state church 528: 6233:Norwegian anarchists 5621:(1917), humanitarian 5443:Tatiana Tolstoy-Paus 5339:Hans Wangensten Paus 5298:Johan Altenborg Paus 5201:Povel Pedersson Paus 5183:Peder Povelsson Paus 5022:, great-grandfather 4805:John Gabriel Borkman 4750:Emperor and Galilean 4705:The Feast at Solhaug 4700:Lady Inger of Ostrat 4412:"Polfarere i bronse" 4369:Amundsen, O. Delphin 4069:"Nomination Archive" 3707:on 18 September 2011 3689:on 10 November 2014. 3272:Scandinavian Studies 3262:Rees, Ellen (2022). 2865:on 19 September 2016 2741:Shaw, George Bernard 2404:Naturalism (theatre) 2323:Bust of Henrik Ibsen 2252:, Italy, and one in 2071:English translations 2009:John Gabriel Borkman 2004:John Gabriel Borkman 1861:Emperor and Galilean 1757:The Feast at Solhaug 1719:The Warrior's Barrow 1079:Emperor and Galilean 1064:. Ibsen's next play 960:Norwegian folk tales 680:Diderik von Cappelen 521:Family and childhood 477:Emperor and Galilean 330:Emperor and Galilean 5627:(1944), businessman 5595:Nikolai Nissen Paus 5388:(1945), businessman 5327:Thorleif (von) Paus 5228:Hans Pedersson Paus 5210:Hans Povelsson Paus 5020:Christopher de Paus 4810:When We Dead Awaken 4745:The League of Youth 4439:Digital collections 4270:"Facts about Norma" 4053:MacFarlane, James. 3817:on 27 December 2013 3772:Nasjonalbiblioteket 3666:Ibsen – A Biography 2982:58.4 (2006) 684–687 2958:. Museumsforlaget. 2839:on 14 February 2019 2806:on 12 December 2013 2752:Sprinchorn, Evert, 2310:Lake Ibsen Township 2258:Håkon Anton Fagerås 2246:Håkon Anton Fagerås 2022:Når vi døde vaagner 2017:When We Dead Awaken 1848:The League of Youth 1596:Ibsen's biographer 1316:Adam Oehlenschläger 1113:When We Dead Awaken 1084:Julian the Apostate 979:Christiania Theatre 761:From Skien to Rome, 672:Henrich Johan Ibsen 490:George Bernard Shaw 378:When We Dead Awaken 5765:1973, dir. Garland 5619:Brita Collett Paus 5579:(1839), theologian 5477:Marichen Altenburg 5333:George Wegner Paus 5294:(1828), playwright 5222:Peder Hansson Paus 5192:Povel Hansson Paus 5056:, daughter-in-law 5050:Magdalene Thoresen 4988:Marichen Altenburg 4877:Ibsen Museum, Oslo 4851:Ibsen quotes, Oslo 4795:The Master Builder 4583:(the biography by 4541:Theodore Dalrymple 4416:www.aftenposten.no 4116:Bergwitz, Joh. K, 4040:Ibsen: A Biography 4025:Ibsen: A biography 3995:Ibsen: A Biography 3928:has generic name ( 3683:www.norges-bank.no 3523:Ibsen: A biography 3385:Ibsen: A Biography 3068:Valency, Maurice. 3036:Valency, Maurice. 2569:Goldman, Michael, 2341:Ibsen quotes, Oslo 2256:kommune. In 2012, 1978:The Master Builder 1879:Samfundets Støtter 1874:Pillars of Society 1866:Kejser og Galilæer 1762:Gildet paa Solhaug 1672:, Ibsen expressed 1650:Tancred Ibsen, Jr. 1570: 1483: 1467:Critical reception 1444: 1356: 1260:The Master Builder 1248: 1197: 1061:Fear and Trembling 1014: 1006: 753: 745: 690:and the shipowner 640: 609:Christian's Church 564:Knud Plesner Ibsen 546: 372:The Master Builder 270:Henrik Johan Ibsen 247:Marichen Altenburg 72:Henrik Johan Ibsen 6253:People from Skien 6228:Modernist theatre 6175: 6174: 5977: 5976: 5844: 5843: 5695: 5694: 5591:(1863), shipowner 5561: 5560: 5557: 5556: 5452: 5451: 5356:Helvig (von) Paus 5345:Robert Paus Platt 5288:(1810), shipowner 5274:Henrik Johan Paus 5270:(1766), shipowner 5106: 5105: 5074:Tancred Ibsen Jr. 5066:Irene Ibsen Bille 5000:Henrik Johan Paus 4916: 4915: 4720:The Mountain Bird 4580:Project Gutenberg 4565:Other biographies 4467:Project Gutenberg 4391:digitaltmuseum.no 4329:978-0-19-818359-4 4192:978-1-4655-9740-3 4071:. NobelPrize.org. 3407:978-0-313-27290-5 3144:Haugen (1979: 23) 3072:. Schocken, 1963. 3040:. Schocken, 1963. 2887:, Vol. 2, p. 81, 2736:978-0-19-920259-1 2689:The Life of Ibsen 2633:Ivo de Figueiredo 2459:978-0-8166-0896-6 2367:Literature portal 2161:Order of St. Olav 1983:Bygmester Solness 1630:Suzannah Thoresen 1406:Ivo de Figueiredo 1386:'s adaptation of 1042:Søren Kierkegaard 1032:(1867), to which 983:Suzannah Thoresen 851:Henrik Johan Paus 724:Henrik Johan Paus 642:Ibsen's parents, 267: 266: 221:Suzannah Thoresen 141:Literary movement 118: 16:(Redirected from 6260: 6094:(1938 Egk opera) 6004: 5997: 5990: 5981: 5980: 5871: 5864: 5857: 5848: 5847: 5770:1973, dir. Losey 5722: 5715: 5708: 5699: 5698: 5687:Wilh. Wilhelmsen 5682:Ole Paus Company 5615:(1915), diplomat 5500: 5499: 5493:The Ibsen Family 5465: 5454: 5453: 5417: 5416: 5412:(1979), composer 5376:(1912), diplomat 5351: 5341:(1891), engineer 5329:(1881), diplomat 5322: 5282:(1800), governor 5251: 5133: 5126: 5119: 5110: 5109: 5064:, granddaughter 5034: 4943: 4936: 4929: 4920: 4919: 4857:The Oxford Ibsen 4683:The Burial Mound 4657: 4650: 4643: 4634: 4633: 4582: 4492: 4491: 4476:Internet Archive 4428: 4427: 4425: 4423: 4408: 4402: 4401: 4399: 4397: 4383: 4377: 4376: 4365: 4359: 4358: 4356: 4354: 4340: 4334: 4333: 4313: 4307: 4306: 4304: 4302: 4296:ibsensociety.org 4288: 4282: 4281: 4279: 4277: 4265: 4259: 4258: 4256: 4254: 4231: 4225: 4224: 4222: 4220: 4203: 4197: 4196: 4176: 4170: 4169: 4159: 4148: 4147: 4145: 4143: 4127: 4121: 4114: 4108: 4098: 4092: 4091: 4079: 4073: 4072: 4065: 4059: 4058: 4050: 4044: 4043: 4035: 4029: 4028: 4020: 4014: 4013: 4010:The Oxford Ibsen 4005: 3999: 3998: 3990: 3984: 3983: 3965: 3959: 3958: 3956: 3954: 3940: 3934: 3933: 3927: 3923: 3921: 3913: 3911: 3909: 3894: 3888: 3887: 3885: 3883: 3860: 3854: 3853: 3851: 3849: 3844:. Chennai, India 3833: 3827: 3826: 3824: 3822: 3807: 3801: 3800: 3782: 3776: 3775: 3764: 3758: 3744:, Adaptation of 3738:Gioia, Michael. 3736: 3730: 3723: 3717: 3716: 3714: 3712: 3703:. Archived from 3697: 3691: 3690: 3685:. Archived from 3675: 3669: 3662: 3656: 3650: 3644: 3643: 3630:(in Slovenian). 3619: 3613: 3612: 3604: 3598: 3597: 3595: 3593: 3578: 3572: 3571: 3568:Evening Standard 3559: 3553: 3552: 3533: 3527: 3526: 3518: 3512: 3511: 3503: 3497: 3496: 3494: 3492: 3469: 3463: 3462: 3454: 3448: 3447: 3445: 3443: 3428: 3422: 3415: 3409: 3397:Shapiro, Bruce. 3395: 3389: 3388: 3383:Meyer, Michael. 3380: 3374: 3367: 3361: 3350: 3344: 3339:Michael Meyers. 3337: 3331: 3330: 3322: 3316: 3302: 3296: 3295: 3259: 3248: 3241: 3235: 3221: 3215: 3210:Michael Meyers. 3208: 3202: 3199: 3193: 3182: 3173: 3172: 3165:"Barndomsminder" 3160: 3154: 3151: 3145: 3142: 3136: 3135: 3132:www.ibsen.uio.no 3124: 3118: 3105: 3092: 3088: 3082: 3079: 3073: 3066: 3060: 3059: 3047: 3041: 3034: 3025: 3018: 3012: 2989: 2983: 2976: 2970: 2969: 2946: 2891: 2881: 2875: 2874: 2872: 2870: 2861:. Archived from 2855: 2849: 2848: 2846: 2844: 2838: 2832:. Archived from 2831: 2823: 2817: 2815: 2813: 2811: 2795: 2789: 2777: 2694:Krys, Svitlana, 2593: 2585: 2531: 2506: 2500: 2497: 2491: 2488: 2482: 2479: 2473: 2470: 2464: 2463: 2443: 2430: 2383: 2381:Biography portal 2378: 2377: 2376: 2369: 2364: 2363: 2362: 2237:(1900–1973) and 2236: 2204:Victor Barnowsky 2122:Eva Le Gallienne 2120:, translated by 2110:, translated by 2091:The Oxford Ibsen 1853:De unges Forbund 1714:The Burial Mound 1640:. Their son was 1400:The Ibsen Museum 1382:scene by scene. 1346:Death and legacy 1212:Christopher Paus 1184:Christopher Paus 1038:incidental music 962:as collected by 956:Henrik Wergeland 945:The Burial Mound 825:The Ibsen Family 803: 774: 666:(1766–1855) and 617: 566:(1797–1877) and 457:elements. After 306: 301: 297: 296: 293: 292: 289: 286: 283: 280: 263: 112: 104: 80: 78: 57: 43: 42: 21: 6268: 6267: 6263: 6262: 6261: 6259: 6258: 6257: 6218:The Four Greats 6178: 6177: 6176: 6171: 6155: 6150:Trying To Be Me 6105: 6078: 6043: 6020: 6008: 5978: 5973: 5957: 5938: 5887: 5875: 5845: 5840: 5803: 5782: 5738: 5726: 5696: 5691: 5677:Paus & Paus 5662:Kvesarum Castle 5647:Paus collection 5630: 5585:(1841), teacher 5583:Henriette Pauss 5568: 5553: 5498: 5487:Altenburggården 5448: 5415: 5364:(1910), general 5347: 5318: 5252: 5240: 5233: 5148: 5142: 5137: 5107: 5102: 5088: 5035: 5026: 4968:Johanne Plesner 4953: 4947: 4917: 4912: 4839: 4814: 4710:Olaf Liljekrans 4666: 4661: 4572: 4527:The Ibsen Cycle 4489: 4458:Standard Ebooks 4436: 4431: 4421: 4419: 4410: 4409: 4405: 4395: 4393: 4385: 4384: 4380: 4366: 4362: 4352: 4350: 4342: 4341: 4337: 4330: 4314: 4310: 4300: 4298: 4290: 4289: 4285: 4275: 4273: 4266: 4262: 4252: 4250: 4248: 4232: 4228: 4218: 4216: 4204: 4200: 4193: 4177: 4173: 4160: 4151: 4141: 4139: 4128: 4124: 4115: 4111: 4099: 4095: 4080: 4076: 4067: 4066: 4062: 4051: 4047: 4036: 4032: 4021: 4017: 4006: 4002: 3991: 3987: 3980: 3966: 3962: 3952: 3950: 3942: 3941: 3937: 3925: 3924: 3915: 3914: 3907: 3905: 3895: 3891: 3881: 3879: 3877: 3861: 3857: 3847: 3845: 3834: 3830: 3820: 3818: 3809: 3808: 3804: 3797: 3783: 3779: 3766: 3765: 3761: 3755:Wayback Machine 3737: 3733: 3724: 3720: 3710: 3708: 3699: 3698: 3694: 3677: 3676: 3672: 3664:Michael Meyer, 3663: 3659: 3651: 3647: 3634:(19): 164–166. 3620: 3616: 3611:. Ardent Media. 3605: 3601: 3591: 3589: 3580: 3579: 3575: 3560: 3556: 3534: 3530: 3519: 3515: 3504: 3500: 3490: 3488: 3486: 3470: 3466: 3455: 3451: 3441: 3439: 3429: 3425: 3416: 3412: 3396: 3392: 3381: 3377: 3369:Michael Meyes. 3368: 3364: 3351: 3347: 3338: 3334: 3324: 3323: 3319: 3303: 3299: 3260: 3251: 3242: 3238: 3222: 3218: 3209: 3205: 3200: 3196: 3183: 3176: 3161: 3157: 3153:Ferguson p. 280 3152: 3148: 3143: 3139: 3126: 3125: 3121: 3106: 3095: 3089: 3085: 3080: 3076: 3067: 3063: 3048: 3044: 3035: 3028: 3019: 3015: 2990: 2986: 2980:Theatre Journal 2977: 2973: 2966: 2947: 2894: 2882: 2878: 2868: 2866: 2857: 2856: 2852: 2842: 2840: 2836: 2829: 2825: 2824: 2820: 2809: 2807: 2798: 2796: 2792: 2778: 2774: 2770: 2673:Johnston, Brian 2661:Johnston, Brian 2654:The Ibsen Cycle 2649:Johnston, Brian 2540: 2538:Further reading 2535: 2534: 2507: 2503: 2498: 2494: 2489: 2485: 2480: 2476: 2471: 2467: 2460: 2431: 2427: 2422: 2379: 2374: 2372: 2365: 2360: 2358: 2355: 2301:MS Henrik Ibsen 2230: 2212:Leopold Jessner 2157: 2142:Nick Hern Books 2138:Ibsen – 3 Plays 2096:James McFarlane 2073: 2032: 2027: 1957:Fruen fra Havet 1775:Olaf Liljekrans 1770:Olaf Liljekrans 1736:Sancthansnatten 1691: 1686: 1666: 1664:Political views 1626: 1568:of Henrik Ibsen 1559: 1554: 1469: 1456:Pratt Institute 1420:An Immortal Man 1348: 1328: 1176: 995: 919: 914: 867: 811: 797: 775: 772: 696:Altenburggården 660:Altenburggården 636:Altenburggården 611: 603:at home in the 551:Stockmanngården 523: 518: 410:Altenburggården 299: 277: 273: 245: 206: 199: 192: 185: 178: 171: 164: 111: 106: 102: 82: 76: 74: 73: 64: 61:Eilif Peterssen 48: 39: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 6266: 6256: 6255: 6250: 6245: 6240: 6235: 6230: 6225: 6220: 6215: 6210: 6205: 6200: 6195: 6190: 6173: 6172: 6170: 6169: 6163: 6161: 6157: 6156: 6154: 6153: 6146: 6138: 6137: 6136: 6129: 6113: 6111: 6107: 6106: 6104: 6103: 6095: 6086: 6084: 6080: 6079: 6077: 6076: 6068: 6060: 6051: 6049: 6045: 6044: 6042: 6041: 6036: 6028: 6026: 6022: 6021: 6007: 6006: 5999: 5992: 5984: 5975: 5974: 5972: 5971: 5965: 5963: 5959: 5958: 5956: 5955: 5946: 5944: 5940: 5939: 5937: 5936: 5928: 5920: 5912: 5904: 5895: 5893: 5889: 5888: 5874: 5873: 5866: 5859: 5851: 5842: 5841: 5839: 5838: 5833: 5826: 5819: 5811: 5809: 5805: 5804: 5802: 5801: 5796: 5790: 5788: 5784: 5783: 5781: 5780: 5772: 5767: 5762: 5757: 5752: 5746: 5744: 5740: 5739: 5734:A Doll's House 5725: 5724: 5717: 5710: 5702: 5693: 5692: 5690: 5689: 5684: 5679: 5674: 5669: 5664: 5659: 5654: 5644: 5638: 5636: 5632: 5631: 5629: 5628: 5622: 5616: 5610: 5604: 5598: 5592: 5586: 5580: 5573: 5571: 5563: 5562: 5559: 5558: 5555: 5554: 5552: 5551: 5544: 5537: 5530: 5523: 5516: 5508: 5506: 5497: 5496: 5489: 5484: 5479: 5474: 5468: 5466: 5450: 5449: 5447: 5446: 5439: 5433: 5425: 5423: 5414: 5413: 5407: 5401: 5395: 5394:(1947), singer 5389: 5383: 5377: 5371: 5365: 5362:Ole (von) Paus 5359: 5353: 5342: 5336: 5335:(1882), lawyer 5330: 5324: 5313: 5307: 5301: 5295: 5289: 5283: 5277: 5276:(1799), lawyer 5271: 5265: 5259: 5256:Cornelius Paus 5246: 5245: 5243: 5235: 5234: 5232: 5231: 5225: 5219: 5213: 5212:(1656), cleric 5204: 5203:(1625), cleric 5195: 5194:(1620), cleric 5186: 5185:(1590), cleric 5177: 5176:(1587), cleric 5168: 5152: 5150: 5144: 5143: 5136: 5135: 5128: 5121: 5113: 5104: 5103: 5093: 5090: 5089: 5070:Lillebil Ibsen 5058:Bergliot Ibsen 5046:Suzannah Ibsen 5043: 5041: 5037: 5036: 5029: 5027: 5024:Cornelius Paus 5016:Carl Stousland 4961: 4959: 4955: 4954: 4946: 4945: 4938: 4931: 4923: 4914: 4913: 4911: 4910: 4902: 4897: 4892: 4887: 4885:Sculpture Park 4879: 4874: 4873: 4872: 4860: 4853: 4847: 4845: 4841: 4840: 4838: 4837: 4830: 4822: 4820: 4816: 4815: 4813: 4812: 4807: 4802: 4797: 4792: 4787: 4782: 4777: 4772: 4767: 4762: 4760:A Doll's House 4757: 4752: 4747: 4742: 4737: 4732: 4730:The Pretenders 4727: 4722: 4717: 4712: 4707: 4702: 4697: 4695:St. John's Eve 4692: 4685: 4680: 4674: 4672: 4668: 4667: 4660: 4659: 4652: 4645: 4637: 4631: 4630: 4621: 4616: 4611: 4606: 4600: 4599: 4595: 4594: 4588: 4570: 4567: 4566: 4562: 4561: 4555: 4543: 4534: 4522: 4513: 4512: 4511:Scholarly work 4508: 4507: 4498: 4493: 4478: 4469: 4460: 4451: 4441: 4440: 4435: 4434:External links 4432: 4430: 4429: 4403: 4378: 4360: 4335: 4328: 4308: 4283: 4260: 4246: 4226: 4198: 4191: 4171: 4149: 4138:(in Norwegian) 4122: 4109: 4093: 4074: 4060: 4045: 4030: 4015: 4000: 3985: 3979:978-0765809186 3978: 3960: 3948:www.google.com 3935: 3903:Observer Voice 3889: 3876:978-0810820999 3875: 3855: 3828: 3802: 3795: 3777: 3768:"Henrik Ibsen" 3759: 3731: 3718: 3692: 3670: 3657: 3645: 3614: 3599: 3573: 3554: 3528: 3513: 3498: 3484: 3464: 3449: 3423: 3417:Downs, Brian. 3410: 3390: 3375: 3362: 3356:, Copenhagen, 3345: 3343:. Chapter one. 3332: 3329:. 12 May 2016. 3317: 3297: 3278:(4): 530–545. 3249: 3236: 3216: 3214:, Chapter one. 3203: 3194: 3174: 3155: 3146: 3137: 3119: 3093: 3083: 3074: 3061: 3042: 3026: 3013: 2984: 2971: 2964: 2955:Familien Ibsen 2892: 2876: 2850: 2818: 2790: 2771: 2769: 2766: 2765: 2764: 2763: 2762: 2750: 2738: 2721: 2714:Meyer, Michael 2711: 2702: 2692: 2682: 2670: 2658: 2646: 2629: 2622: 2611:Familien Ibsen 2604: 2597:Haugan, Jørgen 2594: 2574: 2567: 2553: 2539: 2536: 2533: 2532: 2501: 2492: 2483: 2474: 2465: 2458: 2424: 2423: 2421: 2418: 2417: 2416: 2411: 2406: 2401: 2396: 2391: 2385: 2384: 2370: 2354: 2351: 2350: 2349: 2343: 2338: 2320: 2303: 2297: 2290: 2283: 2276: 2156: 2153: 2152: 2151: 2145: 2135: 2132:Brian Johnston 2125: 2115: 2112:Rolf G. Fjelde 2105: 2099: 2087: 2084:William Archer 2072: 2069: 2068: 2067: 2046: 2031: 2028: 2026: 2025: 2012: 1999: 1986: 1973: 1960: 1947: 1934: 1921: 1918:En Folkefiende 1908: 1895: 1887:A Doll's House 1882: 1869: 1856: 1843: 1830: 1817: 1809:The Pretenders 1804: 1791: 1778: 1765: 1752: 1739: 1731:St. John's Eve 1726: 1717:also known as 1709: 1695: 1690: 1687: 1685: 1682: 1665: 1662: 1646:Lillebil Ibsen 1625: 1622: 1582:Stege, Denmark 1558: 1555: 1553: 1550: 1538:A Doll's House 1530:A Doll's House 1492:Richard Wagner 1488:A Doll's House 1468: 1465: 1374:Sculpture Park 1347: 1344: 1327: 1324: 1320:Ludvig Holberg 1285:William Archer 1269:A Doll's House 1221:writer's block 1194:writer's block 1175: 1172: 1118:A Doll's House 1108:A Doll's House 1104:A Doll's House 1099:A Doll's House 994: 991: 981:. He married 918: 915: 913: 910: 866: 863: 838:Denmark–Norway 830:Familien Ibsen 810: 807: 770: 720:Cornelius Paus 708:Upper Telemark 658:estate and in 621:Denmark–Norway 588:Upper Telemark 542:Denmark–Norway 522: 519: 517: 514: 502:Dano-Norwegian 387:A Doll's House 336:A Doll's House 265: 264: 256: 255: 251: 250: 239: 235: 234: 229: 225: 224: 218: 214: 213: 174:A Doll's House 156: 152: 151: 142: 138: 137: 132: 128: 127: 124: 120: 119: 105:(aged 78) 99: 95: 94: 70: 66: 65: 58: 50: 49: 46: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 6265: 6254: 6251: 6249: 6246: 6244: 6241: 6239: 6236: 6234: 6231: 6229: 6226: 6224: 6221: 6219: 6216: 6214: 6211: 6209: 6206: 6204: 6201: 6199: 6196: 6194: 6191: 6189: 6186: 6185: 6183: 6168: 6165: 6164: 6162: 6158: 6151: 6147: 6144: 6143: 6139: 6134: 6130: 6127: 6123: 6122: 6120: 6119: 6115: 6114: 6112: 6108: 6101: 6100: 6096: 6093: 6092: 6088: 6087: 6085: 6081: 6074: 6073: 6069: 6066: 6065: 6061: 6058: 6057: 6053: 6052: 6050: 6046: 6040: 6037: 6035: 6034: 6030: 6029: 6027: 6023: 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5524: 5522: 5521: 5517: 5515: 5514: 5510: 5509: 5507: 5505: 5501: 5495: 5494: 5490: 5488: 5485: 5483: 5480: 5478: 5475: 5473: 5470: 5469: 5467: 5464: 5459: 5455: 5444: 5440: 5437: 5434: 5431: 5427: 5426: 5424: 5422: 5418: 5411: 5408: 5405: 5402: 5399: 5396: 5393: 5390: 5387: 5384: 5381: 5378: 5375: 5372: 5369: 5366: 5363: 5360: 5357: 5354: 5350: 5346: 5343: 5340: 5337: 5334: 5331: 5328: 5325: 5321: 5317: 5314: 5311: 5308: 5305: 5302: 5299: 5296: 5293: 5290: 5287: 5284: 5281: 5278: 5275: 5272: 5269: 5266: 5263: 5260: 5257: 5254: 5253: 5250: 5244: 5242: 5236: 5230:(1721), judge 5229: 5226: 5224:(1691), judge 5223: 5220: 5218:(1662), judge 5217: 5214: 5211: 5208: 5205: 5202: 5199: 5196: 5193: 5190: 5187: 5184: 5181: 5178: 5175: 5172: 5169: 5167:1500), cleric 5166: 5162: 5161:Hans Olufsson 5159: 5158: 5154: 5153: 5151: 5145: 5141: 5134: 5129: 5127: 5122: 5120: 5115: 5114: 5111: 5101: 5097: 5091: 5087: 5083: 5079: 5075: 5071: 5067: 5063: 5062:Tancred Ibsen 5059: 5055: 5051: 5047: 5042: 5038: 5033: 5025: 5021: 5017: 5013: 5009: 5006:, great-aunt 5005: 5001: 4997: 4993: 4989: 4985: 4981: 4977: 4973: 4969: 4965: 4964:Henrich Ibsen 4962:Grandparents 4960: 4956: 4951: 4944: 4939: 4937: 4932: 4930: 4925: 4924: 4921: 4909: 4907: 4903: 4901: 4898: 4896: 4893: 4891: 4888: 4886: 4884: 4880: 4878: 4875: 4871: 4870: 4869:Ibsen Studies 4866: 4865: 4864: 4861: 4859: 4858: 4854: 4852: 4849: 4848: 4846: 4842: 4835: 4831: 4829: 4828: 4824: 4823: 4821: 4817: 4811: 4808: 4806: 4803: 4801: 4798: 4796: 4793: 4791: 4788: 4786: 4783: 4781: 4778: 4776: 4775:The Wild Duck 4773: 4771: 4768: 4766: 4763: 4761: 4758: 4756: 4753: 4751: 4748: 4746: 4743: 4741: 4738: 4736: 4733: 4731: 4728: 4726: 4725:Love's Comedy 4723: 4721: 4718: 4716: 4713: 4711: 4708: 4706: 4703: 4701: 4698: 4696: 4693: 4691: 4690: 4686: 4684: 4681: 4679: 4676: 4675: 4673: 4669: 4665: 4658: 4653: 4651: 4646: 4644: 4639: 4638: 4635: 4629: 4625: 4622: 4620: 4617: 4615: 4612: 4610: 4607: 4605: 4602: 4601: 4597: 4596: 4592: 4589: 4586: 4581: 4577: 4576: 4571: 4569: 4568: 4564: 4563: 4559: 4556: 4553: 4552:Georg Brandes 4549: 4548: 4544: 4542: 4538: 4535: 4533: 4532: 4528: 4523: 4520: 4519: 4518:Ibsen Studies 4515: 4514: 4510: 4509: 4506: 4502: 4499: 4497: 4494: 4486: 4482: 4479: 4477: 4473: 4470: 4468: 4464: 4461: 4459: 4455: 4452: 4450: 4446: 4443: 4442: 4438: 4437: 4417: 4413: 4407: 4392: 4388: 4382: 4374: 4370: 4364: 4349: 4345: 4339: 4331: 4325: 4321: 4320: 4312: 4297: 4293: 4287: 4271: 4264: 4249: 4247:9780521001366 4243: 4239: 4238: 4237:Ibsen's Women 4230: 4215: 4211: 4210: 4202: 4194: 4188: 4184: 4183: 4175: 4167: 4166: 4158: 4156: 4154: 4137: 4133: 4126: 4119: 4113: 4106: 4102: 4101:Henrik Jaeger 4097: 4089: 4085: 4078: 4070: 4064: 4056: 4049: 4041: 4034: 4026: 4019: 4011: 4004: 3996: 3989: 3981: 3975: 3971: 3964: 3949: 3945: 3939: 3931: 3919: 3904: 3900: 3893: 3878: 3872: 3868: 3867: 3859: 3843: 3839: 3832: 3816: 3812: 3806: 3798: 3796:9788763861830 3792: 3788: 3781: 3773: 3769: 3763: 3756: 3752: 3749: 3747: 3743: 3735: 3728: 3722: 3706: 3702: 3696: 3688: 3684: 3680: 3679:"Norges Bank" 3674: 3667: 3661: 3655: 3649: 3641: 3637: 3633: 3629: 3625: 3618: 3610: 3603: 3588:. 21 May 2018 3587: 3583: 3577: 3569: 3565: 3558: 3550: 3546: 3542: 3538: 3532: 3524: 3517: 3509: 3502: 3487: 3481: 3477: 3476: 3468: 3460: 3453: 3438: 3434: 3427: 3420: 3414: 3408: 3404: 3400: 3394: 3386: 3379: 3372: 3366: 3359: 3355: 3349: 3342: 3341:Henrick Ibsen 3336: 3328: 3321: 3314: 3310: 3306: 3301: 3293: 3289: 3285: 3281: 3277: 3273: 3269: 3267: 3258: 3256: 3254: 3246: 3245:Ibsen's Women 3240: 3233: 3229: 3225: 3220: 3213: 3207: 3198: 3191: 3187: 3181: 3179: 3170: 3166: 3159: 3150: 3141: 3133: 3129: 3123: 3117: 3113: 3109: 3104: 3102: 3100: 3098: 3087: 3078: 3071: 3065: 3057: 3053: 3046: 3039: 3033: 3031: 3023: 3017: 3010: 3009:9780192839435 3006: 3002: 2998: 2994: 2988: 2981: 2975: 2967: 2965:9788283050455 2961: 2957: 2956: 2951: 2950:Haave, Jørgen 2945: 2943: 2941: 2939: 2937: 2935: 2933: 2931: 2929: 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2307: 2304: 2302: 2298: 2295: 2291: 2288: 2284: 2281: 2278:The asteroid 2277: 2274: 2270: 2269: 2268: 2265: 2263: 2259: 2255: 2251: 2247: 2242: 2240: 2234: 2229: 2226:(1888–1939), 2225: 2222:(1886–1933), 2221: 2220:Alfred Rotter 2218:(1884–1960), 2217: 2216:Ludwig Barnay 2214:(1878–1945), 2213: 2210:(1877–1944), 2209: 2206:(1875–1952), 2205: 2202:(1874–1942), 2201: 2198:(1861–1927), 2197: 2194:(1856–1912), 2193: 2190:(1854–1912), 2189: 2188:Max Burckhard 2186:(1884–1960), 2185: 2182:(1833–1905), 2181: 2176: 2174: 2173:Order of Vasa 2170: 2166: 2162: 2149: 2146: 2143: 2139: 2136: 2133: 2129: 2126: 2123: 2119: 2116: 2113: 2109: 2106: 2103: 2102:Michael Meyer 2100: 2097: 2093: 2092: 2088: 2085: 2081: 2078: 2077: 2076: 2065: 2064: 2059: 2058: 2053: 2052: 2047: 2044: 2040: 2039: 2034: 2033: 2023: 2019: 2018: 2013: 2010: 2006: 2005: 2000: 1997: 1993: 1992: 1987: 1984: 1980: 1979: 1974: 1971: 1967: 1966: 1961: 1958: 1954: 1953: 1948: 1945: 1941: 1940: 1935: 1932: 1928: 1927: 1926:The Wild Duck 1922: 1919: 1915: 1914: 1909: 1906: 1902: 1901: 1896: 1893: 1889: 1888: 1883: 1880: 1876: 1875: 1870: 1867: 1863: 1862: 1857: 1854: 1850: 1849: 1844: 1841: 1837: 1836: 1831: 1828: 1824: 1823: 1818: 1815: 1814:Kongs-Emnerne 1811: 1810: 1805: 1802: 1798: 1797: 1796:Love's Comedy 1792: 1789: 1785: 1784: 1779: 1776: 1772: 1771: 1766: 1763: 1759: 1758: 1753: 1750: 1746: 1745: 1740: 1737: 1733: 1732: 1727: 1724: 1720: 1716: 1715: 1710: 1707: 1703: 1702: 1697: 1696: 1694: 1681: 1679: 1675: 1671: 1670:Paris Commune 1661: 1659: 1655: 1651: 1647: 1643: 1642:Tancred Ibsen 1639: 1635: 1631: 1621: 1619: 1615: 1611: 1606: 1604: 1599: 1594: 1591: 1587: 1583: 1579: 1574: 1567: 1563: 1552:Personal life 1549: 1547: 1542: 1539: 1535: 1531: 1527: 1522: 1520: 1519:The Wild Duck 1514: 1512: 1508: 1504: 1500: 1495: 1493: 1489: 1480: 1479: 1473: 1464: 1462: 1457: 1453: 1449: 1440: 1436: 1434: 1430: 1426: 1422: 1421: 1416: 1412: 1407: 1403: 1401: 1397: 1393: 1389: 1385: 1381: 1380: 1375: 1373: 1367: 1365: 1361: 1352: 1343: 1341: 1340:Carl Snoilsky 1337: 1336:Georg Brandes 1333: 1323: 1321: 1317: 1313: 1309: 1305: 1304: 1298: 1296: 1295: 1290: 1286: 1281: 1277: 1272: 1270: 1266: 1262: 1261: 1256: 1255: 1245: 1240: 1236: 1232: 1230: 1226: 1222: 1217: 1213: 1209: 1208: 1203: 1202: 1201:The Wild Duck 1195: 1191: 1190: 1189:The Wild Duck 1185: 1180: 1171: 1169: 1168:Georg Brandes 1163: 1161: 1157: 1153: 1149: 1145: 1141: 1137: 1136: 1130: 1127: 1126: 1121: 1119: 1115: 1114: 1109: 1105: 1101: 1100: 1095: 1094: 1089: 1085: 1081: 1080: 1075: 1070: 1067: 1063: 1062: 1057: 1056: 1051: 1047: 1043: 1039: 1035: 1031: 1030: 1025: 1024: 1019: 1010: 1004: 999: 990: 988: 984: 980: 976: 971: 969: 965: 961: 957: 953: 952: 947: 946: 941: 940: 936: 932: 928: 924: 909: 906: 905: 900: 898: 893: 892: 887: 886: 881: 880: 879:The Wild Duck 875: 874: 862: 860: 856: 852: 847: 841: 839: 833: 831: 827: 826: 821: 817: 806: 804: 801: 796: 789: 786: 782: 769: 764: 762: 757: 749: 741: 737: 735: 731: 730: 725: 721: 717: 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Paus 5292:Henrik Ibsen 5291: 5262:Hedevig Paus 5206: 5197: 5188: 5179: 5170: 5164: 5155: 5096:Ibsen family 5054:Sigurd Ibsen 4992:Hedvig Ibsen 4976:Hedevig Paus 4950:Henrik Ibsen 4949: 4905: 4882: 4867: 4855: 4825: 4800:Little Eyolf 4790:Hedda Gabler 4688: 4664:Henrik Ibsen 4663: 4628:Royal Palace 4624:Ibsen Museum 4585:Edmund Gosse 4575:Henrik Ibsen 4573: 4546: 4530: 4526: 4516: 4420:. Retrieved 4415: 4406: 4394:. Retrieved 4390: 4381: 4372: 4363: 4351:. Retrieved 4348:wwnorton.com 4347: 4338: 4318: 4311: 4299:. Retrieved 4295: 4286: 4274:. Retrieved 4263: 4251:. Retrieved 4236: 4229: 4217:. Retrieved 4208: 4201: 4181: 4174: 4164: 4140:. Retrieved 4136:dagbladet.no 4135: 4125: 4117: 4112: 4104: 4096: 4087: 4077: 4063: 4054: 4048: 4039: 4033: 4024: 4018: 4009: 4003: 3994: 3988: 3969: 3963: 3951:. Retrieved 3947: 3938: 3906:. Retrieved 3902: 3892: 3880:. Retrieved 3865: 3858: 3846:. Retrieved 3841: 3831: 3819:. 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