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881:, who translated Darwin into Norwegian), that he knew that the disease is passed on through sexual contact, and that pregnant women can pass it to the babies they are carrying. He knew too that it's possible for a woman to be a carrier without being aware of it, and perhaps he wants us to believe that Helen knows she is a carrier. It's a matter of interpretation." (Dr. Rank in Ibsen's play
413:. At the time, the mere mention of venereal disease was scandalous, and to show that a person who followed society's ideals of morality was at risk from her own husband was considered beyond the pale. According to Richard Eyre, "There was an outcry of indignation against the attack on religion, the defence of free love, the mention of incest and syphilis."
298:
A sub-plot involves a carpenter, Jacob
Engstrand, who married Regina's mother when she was already pregnant. He regards Regina as his own daughter. He is unaware, or pretends to be, that Captain Alving was Regina's father. Having recently completed his work building Mrs. Alving's orphanage, Engstrand
680:
for Best
Director. The production also won the Olivier Award for Best Revival, and received Olivier Award nominations for Best Director and Best Lighting Design. A filmed February 2014 performance of the production screened in more than 275 UK and Irish cinemas on 26 June 2014. The entire filmed
307:
Manders to hold a prayer-meeting there. Later that night, the orphanage burns down. Earlier, Manders had persuaded Mrs. Alving not to insure the orphanage, as to do so would imply a lack of faith in divine providence. Engstrand says the blaze was caused by
Manders' carelessness with a candle and
405:
The play was initially sent to a number of Nordic theaters, including the Royal
Theater in Copenhagen, the Nya Teatern and Dramaten in Stockholm, and the Christiania Theater, but all of them rejected the play. In the early 1880s, the play was generally rejected by all major European playhouses,
401:
was published in
Copenhagen on 13 December 1881 in an edition of 10,000 copies. It caused a firestorm of public outcry, and most of the 10,000 copies did not sell, which was financially a severe blow for Ibsen. A subsequent print run of the text was not published until 1894.
1972:
1518:
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that she believes he inherited from his father. She also discovers that Oswald has fallen in love with her maid Regina
Engstrand, who is revealed to be the illegitimate daughter of Captain Alving and is therefore Oswald's
282:
she has built in memory of her late husband, Captain Alving. Despite her husband's affairs, Mrs. Alving stayed with him to protect her son Oswald from the taint of scandal and for fear of being shunned by the community.
1532:
1408:
485:.... An open drain: a loathsome sore unbandaged; a dirty act done publicly.... A lazar house with all its doors and windows open ... Gross, almost putrid indecorum.... Literary carrion.... Crapulous stuff".
855:
The play implies that Oswald inherited syphilis from his father. However syphilis is not genetically passed down from a parent in the genetic code, but is instead caused by a bacterium and is either
839:
as Regina. In 2014 Richard Eyre's award-winning London stage adaptation starring Lesley
Manville and Jack Lowden was filmed and screened at numerous cinemas, and is available to view online.
757:
1619:
311:
When Regina and Oswald's sibling relationship is exposed, Regina departs, leaving Oswald in anguish. He asks his mother to help him avoid the late stages of syphilis with a fatal
533:
in 1895–96. When
Nazimova had been a student in Russia, she had wanted to "play Regina for my graduation piece at the dramatic school at Moscow, but they would not let me.
1689:
1391:
1775:
1422:
877:– that it was a hereditary disease passed by father to son. It's much more probable, given that he had friends in Rome who were scientists (including the botanist
356:
during the autumn of 1881 and published it that
December. As early as November 1880, when he was living in Rome, Ibsen had been meditating on a new play to follow
1263:
802:
714:, who had started the Chinese New Wave Theater Movement. The multimedia performance used four cameras on the stage, giving the audience different perspectives.
303:. He tries to persuade Regina to leave Mrs. Alving and help him run the hostel, but she refuses. The night before the orphanage is due to open, Engstrand asks
167:
609:
A touring UK production, designed by Simon
Higlett and inspired by Edvard Munch's original stage designs for a 1906 staging in Berlin, began performances at
459:
censorship, because of the subject matter of illegitimate children and sexually transmitted disease, was avoided by the formation of a subscription-only
409:
Upon the publication of the text, Ibsen's contemporaries found the play shocking and indecent and disliked its frank treatment of the forbidden topic of
1583:
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Regina Engstrand, Mrs. Alving's maid and the purported daughter of Jacob Engstrand, but she is actually the late Captain Alving's illegitimate child
1721:
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overdose. She agrees, but only if it becomes necessary. The play concludes with Mrs. Alving having to confront the decision of whether or not to
786:
286:
In the course of the play, she discovers that Oswald (whom she had sent away to avoid his being corrupted by his father) is suffering from
223:
Since then, the play has come to be considered a "great play" that historically holds a position of "immense importance". Theater critic
752:
has been filmed, and adapted for film and television, numerous times in various languages. It was adapted at least three times for
2315:
1211:
2299:
2020:
335:
in Danish, the common written language of Denmark and Norway at the time. The original title, in both Danish and Norwegian, is
1666:
1257:
873:, "It's often said that Ibsen misunderstood the pathology of syphilis, that he thought – as Oswald is told by his doctor in
231:
strikes off in a new direction.... Regular tragedy dealt mainly with the unhappy consequences of breaking the moral code.
2435:
514:
on 5 January 1894 at the Berkeley Lyceum Theatre. It was produced again in 1899 by the New York Independent Theatre with
424:
premiered in May 1882 in the United States, produced in Danish for Scandinavian immigrants by a Danish-Norwegian cast in
563:
On 4 May 1962, the play was performed in the Theatre Sala Chopin in Mexico City with Mexican actress and Hollywood star
545:
1820:
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1875:
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366:, in the summer of 1881, he was hard at work upon it. He finished it by the end of November 1881 and published it in
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performance can be viewed online. The production was also adapted for radio by director Richard Eyre, broadcast on
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1988:
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offers to take the blame, which Manders readily accepts. Manders in turn offers to support Engstrand's hostel.
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The play later received many European performances. In its 1906 production in Berlin, the Norwegian artist
456:
208:
is a scathing commentary on 19th-century morality. Because of its subject matter, which includes religion,
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2491:
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1190:
951:
460:
345:". It has a double meaning of both "ghosts" and "events that repeat themselves" which the English title
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2013:
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in the United Kingdom on 19 September 2013, prior to an official opening on 25 September. Directed by
2523:
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would be more accurately translated as "The Revenants", which literally means "The Ones Who Return".
1392:"Today in Theatre History: IBSEN'S GHOSTS AND THE AMAZING OFF-LOOP CHICAGO CONNECTION, May 20, 1882"
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had its first New York City production, and its first English-language production in the U.S., on
1961:
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on 15 December 2013 and re-broadcast on 26 April 2015. Eyre's production was presented at the
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The country home of the Alving family beside one of the large fjords in Western Norway
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as Mrs. Alving, and Jane Murray as Regina. The production opened originally at the
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was at that time prohibited by the censor, because it reflects on the Church."
341:, which can be literally translated as "again walkers", "ones who return", or "
1233:
492:
of Sweden and Norway, at a dinner in Ibsen's honour, the King told Ibsen that
451:
The play achieved a single private London performance on 13 March 1891 at the
193:. It was written in Danish and published in 1881, and first staged in 1882 in
163:
2589:
2459:
2381:
2234:
2140:
1698:
1584:"Jessie Buckley, Jack Lowden and Olivia Vinall among Ian Charleson shortlist"
1413:
to Be Staged in U.K. in Production Inspired by Edvard Munch's Berlin Designs"
710:
was produced in Beijing, commissioned by Ibsen International and directed by
665:
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242:'s use of the word "Ghosts" as the play's title, as the Danish or Norwegian
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is another character who claims he inherited syphilis from his father.)
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starred. Also in 1915, it was filmed in Russia, directed and adapted by
2265:
824:
769:
367:
316:
220:, it immediately generated strong controversy and negative criticism.
217:
1983:
640:
on 9 December, running through 22 March 2014. Adapted and directed by
475:. The play was reviled in the press. In a typical review at the time,
441:
was produced in Norway in October 1883, and it received good reviews.
2105:
1838:
653:
496:
was not a good play. After a pause, Ibsen exploded, "Your Majesty, I
279:
1951:
1935:
235:, on the contrary, deals with the consequences of not breaking it."
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1978:
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1191:"Ibsen's Ghosts: a resounding flop that still returns to haunt us"
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425:
292:
194:
100:
1667:"Let's stop pretending that theatre can't be captured on screen"
2403:
1998:
1694:, Starring Lesley Manville and Jack Lowden, Out Online Sept 18"
481:
referred to it as "Ibsen's positively abominable play entitled
304:
300:
213:
30:
1312:". In Bull, Francis; Koht, Halvdan; Seip, Didrik Arup (eds.).
963:
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It was produced independently in September 1889 at Berlin's
2314:
1821:"Malthouse Theatre announces collaboration with Wang Chong"
1045:
The Flower and the Castle: An Introduction to Modern Drama
983:. Oxford World's Classic. Oxford University Press. (1981)
1750:
1021:
Ibsen Plays: 1: Ghosts; The Wild Duck; The Master Builder
926:
816:
628:
An award-winning 2013–14 London production opened at the
1719:, by Henrik Ibsen, adapted and directed by Richard Eyre"
455:, which was its English-language premiere. The issue of
560:
was commissioned to create the original stage designs.
594:(who also directed the production) as Pastor Manders,
227:
wrote in 1963, "From the standpoint of modern tragedy
2563:
1710:
1708:
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to produce the play. Its members included playwright
909:"Ghosts | Norwegian play, social criticism, realism"
1636:
1634:
1080:
Science on Stage: From Doctor Faustus to Copenhagen
863:to a child from the birth mother. In 2013 director
706:In 2014 a Chinese-Norwegian co-production entitled
586:as Oswald in his Broadway debut. The cast included
525:, with Paul Orleneff, gave a notable production of
1705:
1658:
1656:
1339:. Garden City, N. Y.: Doubleday. pp. 770–771.
552:and Frederick Lewis in a 1903 Broadway production
2587:
1631:
1059:Watts, Peter. "Notes", p. 291, in Henrik Ibsen,
417:Premiere and subsequent 19th-century productions
1653:
1581:
1403:
1401:
1995:study guide, themes, quotes, teacher resources
1868:The Complete Index to Literary Sources in Film
1130:"Henrik Ibsen | Biography, Plays, & Facts"
668:for their performances; Manville also won the
2300:
2014:
1184:
1182:
263:Pastor Manders, an old friend of Helen Alving
1870:. East Grinstead: Bowker-Saur. p. 236.
1523:to Transfer to West End's Trafalgar Studios"
1446:Dolores del Río vol. 2: Return to the Origin
1398:
1206:
1204:
975:
973:
632:on 26 September 2013 and transferred to the
625:as Mrs Alving, and Mark Quartley as Oswald.
621:as Pastor Manders, Florence Hall as Regina,
578:ran from 30 August to 2 October 1982 at the
373:
336:
299:announces his ambition to open a hostel for
243:
1322:. Oslo: Gyldendal Norsk Forlag. p. 13.
2307:
2293:
2021:
2007:
1905:
1780:, the Clean Parts Are the Most Disturbing"
1349:
1188:
1179:
780:. In 1918, the Italian production company
672:for Best Actress, and Lowden also won the
389:as Osvald in the 1883 Swedish performance.
29:
1776:"Review: In Richard Eyre's Production of
1685:
1683:
1681:
1201:
970:
488:In 1898 when Ibsen was presented to King
393:
1770:
1485:
1289:. Boston, Massachusetts: Benj. R. Tucker
721:
544:
377:
189:) is a play by the Norwegian playwright
149:
2316:Laurence Olivier Award for Best Revival
1189:Billington, Michael (6 November 2023).
1071:
1069:
949:
431:The first performance in Sweden was at
319:her son in accordance with his wishes.
2588:
1678:
1608:"Jack Lowden wins Ian Charleson Award"
1519:"Richard Eyre's Production of Ibsen's
1356:. Yale University Press. p. 559.
1353:Ibsen's Kingdom: The Man and his Works
1308:Bull, Francis (1932). "Innledning til
1100:
1098:
1096:
1055:
1053:
717:
238:Ibsen disliked the English translator
2288:
2002:
1865:
1545:
1443:
1332:
1162:
1158:
1156:
1154:
1152:
1150:
950:Hanssen, Jens-Morten (10 July 2005).
278:Helen Alving is about to dedicate an
1944:(translated by R. Farquharson Sharp)
1307:
1279:
1104:
1082:. Princeton University Press (2006)
1066:
1093:
1050:
13:
1147:
541:20th- and 21st-century productions
14:
2627:
1916:
1582:Editorial Staff (24 March 2014).
1448:. México: Clío. pp. 60, 61.
1110:"Theatre: In the Spirit of Ibsen"
1023:. Dramatists Play Service (1980)
731:Tovstonogov Bolshoi Drama Theater
260:Oswald Alving, her son, a painter
16:1882 play written by Henrik Ibsen
2573:
2028:
1967:
1620:"2013: How we chose the winners"
1546:Roddy, Michael (13 April 2014).
1486:Richards, David (20 July 1982).
1333:Meyer, Michael Leverson (1971).
1169:. In Rines, George Edwin (ed.).
815:In 1987 it was televised on the
1884:
1859:
1845:
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1047:. Macmillan, 1963. pp. 160–162.
849:
1548:"Glitzy Olivier Awards honors
1261:(London Metropolitan Archives)
1034:
1013:
993:
901:
784:released an adaptation titled
582:in New York City, and starred
1:
2468:Long Day's Journey into Night
2055:Norma, or A Politician's Love
1380:. Internet Broadway Database.
1218:. 12 May 2004. Archived from
894:
699:called it "possibly the best
670:Critics' Circle Theatre Award
428:, at the Aurora Turner Hall.
251:
1286:The Quintessence of Ibsenism
1212:"English first performances"
567:in the role of Mrs. Alving.
406:including those in Norway.
322:
266:Jacob Engstrand, a carpenter
204:Like many of Ibsen's plays,
201:, US, performed in Danish.
7:
1977:public domain audiobook at
1743:"BBC Radio 3 – Drama on 3,
1163:Moses, Montrose J. (1920).
461:Independent Theatre Society
10:
2632:
1475:Internet Broadway Database
1350:Sprinchorn, Evert (2021).
960:National Library of Norway
664:. Manville and Lowden won
257:Mrs. Helen Alving, a widow
2373:
2322:
2272:The Death of Little Ibsen
2261:International Ibsen Award
2209:
2184:
2036:
1866:Goble, Alan, ed. (1999).
1724:16 September 2014 at the
1063:, Penguin Classics, 1964.
687:Brooklyn Academy of Music
457:Lord Chamberlain's Office
383:Charlotta Raa-Winterhjelm
374:Performance and reception
327:As with his other plays,
140:
123:
115:
107:
95:
80:
54:
44:
28:
23:
2543:A Streetcar Named Desire
2492:Ma Rainey's Black Bottom
2396:Mourning Becomes Electra
2229:Centre for Ibsen Studies
2081:The Vikings at Helgeland
1270:accessed 11 October 2007
981:Ghosts. Four Major Plays
861:congenitally transmitted
842:
1266:1 November 2007 at the
835:as Pastor Manders, and
580:Brooks Atkinson Theater
529:in a small room on the
273:
2484:A View from the Bridge
2136:An Enemy of the People
2121:The Pillars of Society
1841:. Library of Congress.
1809:. Ibsen International.
1172:Encyclopedia Americana
1076:Shepherd-Barr, Kirsten
1061:Ghosts and Other Plays
1003:. Bantam Books (1984)
956:All about Henrik Ibsen
746:
689:in Spring 2015, where
678:Evening Standard Award
553:
394:Reaction to the script
390:
337:
244:
186:
177:
158:in Berlin, 1983, with
99:Aurora Turner Hall in
2596:Plays by Henrik Ibsen
2444:Cat on a Hot Tin Roof
2256:Norwegian Ibsen Award
2151:The Lady from the Sea
1444:Ramón, David (1997).
1108:(20 September 2013).
803:Ines Cristina Zacconi
762:film of the same name
725:
611:Rose Theatre Kingston
548:
381:
370:on 13 December 1881.
153:
84:20 May 1882
39:by Henric Ibsen, 1881
35:The first edition of
2171:John Gabriel Borkman
2116:Emperor and Galilean
2071:The Feast at Solhaug
2066:Lady Inger of Ostrat
1535:on 17 December 2013.
1470:Ghosts
1281:Shaw, George Bernard
1259:Theatreland Timeline
952:"Facts about Ghosts"
857:transmitted sexually
617:, the cast included
168:Simone von Zglinicki
2176:When We Dead Awaken
2111:The League of Youth
1991:2 June 2019 at the
1663:Billington, Michael
1497:The Washington Post
1425:on 16 December 2013
966:on 27 January 2016.
727:Svetlana Kryuchkova
718:Film and television
674:Ian Charleson Award
478:The Daily Telegraph
465:George Bernard Shaw
435:on 22 August 1883.
385:as Mrs. Alving and
2616:Plays about incest
2530:No Ceremony (2021)
2524:Cyrano de Bergerac
2347:An Inspector Calls
2243:Ibsen Museum, Oslo
2217:Ibsen quotes, Oslo
2161:The Master Builder
1827:. 19 October 2015.
1785:The New York Times
1730:DigitalTheatre.com
1610:, West End Theatre
1336:Ibsen: A Biography
837:Natasha Richardson
747:
703:you'll ever see".
696:The New York Times
606:on July 19, 1982.
600:Eisenhower Theater
554:
391:
362:. When he went to
349:fails to capture.
178:
2561:
2560:
2508:Angels in America
2282:
2281:
2086:The Mountain Bird
1957:Project Gutenberg
1941:Project Gutenberg
1825:artsreview.com.au
1774:(13 April 2015).
1702:. 19 August 2014.
1234:"Die Freie Bühne"
774:Henry B. Walthall
638:Trafalgar Studios
518:as Mrs. Alving.
154:A performance of
148:
147:
108:Original language
61:Mrs. Helen Alving
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2578:
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2569:
2516:Summer and Smoke
2309:
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2223:The Oxford Ibsen
2049:The Burial Mound
2023:
2016:
2009:
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1898:TV episode 1987)
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1690:"Richard Eyre's
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1625:Evening Standard
1617:
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1588:WhatsOnStage.com
1579:
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1531:. Archived from
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1504:
1483:
1477:
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1421:. Archived from
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1041:Valency, Maurice
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1001:Four Great Plays
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962:. Archived from
947:
924:
923:
921:
919:
905:
888:
853:
827:as Mrs. Alving,
821:Elijah Moshinsky
811:
795:
658:Charlene McKenna
602:in Washington's
521:Russian actress
411:venereal disease
340:
247:
210:venereal disease
176:
91:
89:
73:Regina Engstrand
33:
21:
20:
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2621:
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2606:STDs in theatre
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2452:After the Dance
2369:
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2313:
2283:
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2180:
2076:Olaf Liljekrans
2032:
2027:
1993:Wayback Machine
1968:
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799:Ermete Zacconi
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2130:
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1984:
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1807:"Ghosts 2.0"
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1789:. Retrieved
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1591:. Retrieved
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1533:the original
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1501:. Retrieved
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1427:. Retrieved
1423:the original
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1291:. Retrieved
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1241:. Retrieved
1237:
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1220:the original
1215:
1195:The Guardian
1194:
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1137:. Retrieved
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916:. Retrieved
912:
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882:
874:
870:The Guardian
868:
865:Richard Eyre
851:
814:
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782:Milano Films
754:silent films
749:
748:
738:
735:Henrik Ibsen
707:
705:
700:
694:
691:Ben Brantley
642:Richard Eyre
627:
623:Kelly Hunter
608:
592:John Neville
588:Edward Binns
584:Kevin Spacey
575:
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562:
558:Edvard Munch
555:
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467:and authors
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191:Henrik Ibsen
181:
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135:problem play
128:Naturalistic
49:Henrik Ibsen
36:
18:
2388:Uncle Vanya
2274:(2006 play)
2200:Terje Vigen
2146:Rosmersholm
1090:pp. 158–159
879:JP Jacobsen
831:as Oswald,
806: [
797:, starring
790: [
787:Gli spettri
760:directed a
756:. In 1915,
741:, director
683:BBC Radio 3
650:Jack Lowden
596:Liv Ullmann
574:revival of
473:Henry James
433:Helsingborg
293:half-sister
171: [
164:Ulrich Mühe
160:Inge Keller
2601:1881 plays
2590:Categories
2428:Saint Joan
2266:Ibsen Year
1310:Gengangere
1238:Britannica
1134:Britannica
913:Britannica
895:References
825:Judi Dench
770:Mary Alden
712:Wang Chong
708:Ghosts 2.0
368:Copenhagen
338:Gengangere
252:Characters
245:Gengangere
218:euthanasia
187:Gengangere
103:, Illinois
88:1882-05-20
55:Characters
45:Written by
2323:1991–2000
2249:Peer Gynt
2106:Peer Gynt
1644:Screening
1503:6 October
1409:"Ibsen's
1216:Ibsen.net
1139:14 August
918:14 August
867:wrote in
654:Will Keen
550:Mary Shaw
516:Mary Shaw
500:to write
343:revenants
323:Inception
317:euthanize
301:seafarers
280:orphanage
185:(Danish:
132:realistic
2355:Machinal
2331:Pericles
2044:Catiline
1989:Archived
1979:LibriVox
1853:"Ghosts"
1839:"Ghosts"
1722:Archived
1646:(clip).
1628:, London
1528:Playbill
1418:Playbill
1378:"Ghosts"
1283:(1891).
1264:Archived
634:West End
572:Broadway
512:Broadway
490:Oscar II
364:Sorrento
313:morphine
288:syphilis
199:Illinois
119:Morality
2580:Theatre
2210:Related
1855:. IMDb.
1791:16 July
1561:Reuters
1473:at the
1293:27 June
1031:. p. 24
745:, 2022)
426:Chicago
195:Chicago
141:Setting
116:Subject
101:Chicago
86: (
2566:Portal
2554:(2024)
2546:(2023)
2538:(2022)
2527:(2020)
2519:(2019)
2511:(2018)
2503:(2017)
2495:(2016)
2487:(2015)
2479:(2014)
2476:Ghosts
2471:(2013)
2463:(2012)
2455:(2011)
2447:(2010)
2439:(2009)
2431:(2008)
2423:(2007)
2415:(2006)
2407:(2005)
2404:Hamlet
2399:(2004)
2391:(2003)
2366:(1995)
2358:(1994)
2350:(1993)
2342:(1992)
2334:(1991)
2185:Poetry
2131:Ghosts
2037:Dramas
1985:Ghosts
1974:Ghosts
1952:Ghosts
1936:Ghosts
1924:Ghosts
1904:
1892:Ghosts
1874:
1778:Ghosts
1756:20 May
1745:Ghosts
1717:Ghosts
1692:Ghosts
1642:Ghosts
1593:20 May
1567:20 May
1554:Ghosts
1550:Mormon
1521:Ghosts
1490:Ghosts
1452:
1429:20 May
1411:Ghosts
1360:
1319:Bind 9
1243:7 June
1086:
1027:
1007:
987:
875:Ghosts
750:Ghosts
739:Ghosts
701:Ghosts
660:, and
576:Ghosts
535:Ghosts
527:Ghosts
508:Ghosts
502:Ghosts
494:Ghosts
483:Ghosts
439:Ghosts
422:Ghosts
399:Ghosts
354:Ghosts
347:Ghosts
333:Ghosts
331:wrote
305:Pastor
233:Ghosts
229:Ghosts
216:, and
214:incest
206:Ghosts
182:Ghosts
166:, and
156:Ghosts
111:Danish
37:Ghosts
24:Ghosts
2551:Vanya
2500:Yerma
2193:Digte
2101:Brand
843:Notes
810:]
794:]
175:]
124:Genre
1902:IMDb
1872:ISBN
1793:2022
1758:2015
1595:2015
1569:2015
1505:2022
1450:ISBN
1431:2015
1358:ISBN
1295:2023
1245:2016
1141:2023
1084:ISBN
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