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possibilities of mathematical principles." Service described
Xenakis as a composer "whose craggily, joyously elemental music turned collections of pitches and rhythms and instruments into a force of nature, releasing a power that previous composers had only suggested metaphorically but which he would realise with arguably greater clarity, ferocity, intensity than any musician, before or since," and suggested that his music is "expressive: not in a conventionally emotional way, perhaps, but it has an ecstatic, cathartic power. Xenakis's music – and its preternaturally brilliant performers – allows its listeners to witness seismic events close at hand, to be at the middle of a musical happening of cosmic intensity." Service concluded: "it took Xenakis for music to become nature. On holiday in Corsica, Xenakis would pilot his canoe into the teeth of the biggest storm he and his paddle could manage. When you're listening to his music, you also go out there into the eye of a musical storm that will invigorate, inspire, and awe. See you out there..."
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1000:, which could translate graphical images into musical results. "Xenakis had originally trained as an architect, so some of his drawings, which he called 'arborescences', resembled both organic forms and architectural structures." These drawings' various curves and lines that could be interpreted by UPIC as real time instructions for the sound synthesis process. The drawing is, thus, rendered into a composition.
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to create both aleatoric timbres and musical forms. Further material may be generated by then refeeding the original waveform back into the function or wave forms may be superimposed. Elastic barriers or mirrors are used to keep the randomly generated values within a given finite interval, so as to
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I understood straight away that he was not someone like the others. He is of superior intelligence. I did something horrible which I should do with no other student, for I think one should study harmony and counterpoint. But this was a man so much out of the ordinary that I said... No,
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For years I was tormented by guilt at having left the country for which I'd fought. I left my friends—some were in prison, others were dead, some managed to escape. I felt I was in debt to them and that I had to repay that debt. And I felt I had a mission. I had to do something important to regain
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Xenakis was then conscripted into the national armed forces. Around 1947 the Greek government began arresting former resistance members that were left-wing oriented and sending them to prison. Xenakis, fearing for his life, went into hiding. With the help of his father and others, he fled Greece
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After leaving Le
Corbusier's studio in 1959, Xenakis supported himself by composition and teaching, and quickly became recognized as one of the most important European composers of his time. In 1965, he became a French citizen. He became especially known for his musical research in the field of
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praised
Xenakis' music for its "shattering visceral power" and "sheer, scintillating physicality", noting its "deep, primal rootedness in richer and older phenomena even than musical history: the physics and patterning of the natural world, of the stars, of gas molecules, and the proliferating
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After several years of serious illness, on 1 February 2001 the composer lapsed into a coma. He died in his Paris home four days later, on 4 February, aged 78; and was shortly after cremated, with his ashes being given to his family. He was outlived by his wife, who died on 12 February 2018 in
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Xenakis regularly attended
Messiaen's classes from 1951 until 1953. Messiaen and his students studied music from a wide range of genres and styles, with particular attention to rhythm. Xenakis's compositions from 1949 until 1952 were mostly inspired by Greek folk melodies, as well as Bartók,
816:"for a long succession of forceful works, charged with sensitivity, commitment and passion, through which he has come to rank among the most central composers of our century in the realm of art music, exercising within its various fields an influence which cannot be readily overstated".
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At the same time, while working for Le
Corbusier, Xenakis was studying harmony and counterpoint, and composing. He worked long and hard, frequently far into the night, and sought guidance from a number of teachers, most of whom, however, ultimately rejected him. Such was the case with
654:, but later broke with the group of composers, who he believed focused too heavily on serialism and controlling all aspects of composition. In an article titled “The Crisis of Serial Music” he specifically accused Boulez and Stockhausen of steering music into a dead end.
521:'s architectural studio. He worked as an engineering assistant at first, but quickly rose to performing more important tasks, and eventually to collaborating with Le Corbusier on major projects. These included a kindergarten on the roof of an apartment block in
461:) became involved in street fighting against British tanks. He was wounded and facially disfigured when shrapnel from a tank blast hit his cheek and left eye, which was blinded; the fact that Xenakis survived the injury has been described as a miracle.
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several times, due to his father's interest in opera. Her early death in 1927, when
Xenakis was five years old, was a traumatic experience that, in his own words, "deeply scarred" the future composer. She had previously been infected from
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and offered his support. Although
Scherchen did not premiere that particular work, he did give performances of later pieces by Xenakis, and the relationship between the conductor and the composer was of vital importance for the latter.
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computer-assisted composition, for which he founded the Equipe de Mathématique et
Automatique Musicales (EMAMu) in 1966 (known as CEMAMu: Centre d’Etudes de Mathématique et Automatique Musicales, since 1972). He taught at
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early during the war, participating in mass protests and demonstrations, and later becoming part of armed resistance — this last step was a painful experience
Xenakis refused to discuss until much later in life.
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expressed admiration for the "terrifying emotional impact of sonic objectivity", describing his music as possessing "truly majestic otherness. It is an alien shard, glimmering in the heart of the West."
476:. On 11 November 1947 he arrived in Paris. In a late interview, Xenakis admitted to feeling tremendous guilt at leaving his country, and that guilt was one of the sources of his later devotion to music:
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for percussion soloist and chamber orchestra, in 1997. His health had been getting progressively worse over the years, and by 1997 he was no longer able to work. In 1999, Xenakis was awarded the
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His parents were both interested in music, and it was Pavlou who encouraged the young child to learn more about it: the young
Giannis was given a flute by his mother, and the family visited the
560:—the latter project was completed by Xenakis alone from a basic sketch by Le Corbusier. The experience Xenakis gained played a major role in his music: important early compositions such as
650:, is generally regarded as the composer's first mature piece; it was detached from the triptych to mark the beginning of the "official" Xenakis oeuvre. He was considered to be part of the
402:. He was encouraged by his friends and family to do so due to his interests in physics and mathematics. Although he intended to study architecture and engineering, he also took lessons in
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The Technical University operated intermittently during these years. Despite this, and Xenakis's other activities, he was able to graduate in 1947, with a degree in civil engineering.
661:, whom he met in 1950. Their daughter Mâkhi, who later became a painter and sculptor, was born in 1956 in Paris. In late 1954, with Messiaen's support, Xenakis was accepted into the
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you are almost thirty, you have the good fortune of being Greek, of being an architect and having studied special mathematics. Take advantage of these things. Do them in your music.
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Bardot, Jean-Marc. (1999). "Cendrées de Xenakis ou l'émergence de la vocalité dans la pensée xenakienne." Undergraduate thesis (equivalent). Saint-Etienne: Université Jean Monnet.
566:(1953–54) were based directly on architectural concepts. At the same time, he dropped the "G" from his professional name to get the name he is most commonly known by, "Iannis".
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compositions represent only a small fraction of Xenakis's output, they are highly relevant to musical thinking in the late 20th century. Important works in this medium include
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wrote that Xenakis "produced some of the rawest, wildest music in history—sounds that explode around the ears. Rarefied methods were employed to release primordial energies."
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Xenakis' daughter Mâkhi states also 29 May 2021. She has all his passports and birth certificate and in some the date is 1921, like in the birth certificate in others 1922.
259:(French edition 1963, English translation 1971) is regarded as one of his most important publications. As an architect, Xenakis is primarily known for his early work under
217:. He integrated music with architecture, designing music for pre-existing spaces, and designing spaces to be integrated with specific music compositions and performances.
2213:. (2014). Περί Ηρώων: Οι ήρωες και η σημασία τους για τον σύγχρονο ελληνισμό (On Heroes.: Heroes and Their Importance for Contemporary Hellenism). Athens: Herodotos.
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not exceed limits such as the audible pitch range, avoid complete chaos (white noise), and to create a balance between stability and instability (unity and variety).
418:, which began with the Italian invasion on 28 October 1940. Although Greece eventually won the war, it was not long before the German army joined the Italians in the
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to death by the right-wing administration. The sentence was commuted to ten years' imprisonment in 1951, and only lifted some 23 years later, after the fall of the
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Amagali, Rosemary Tristano. (1975). "Texture as an Organizational Factor in Selected Works of Iannis Xenakis". M.M. Thesis, Indiana University.
1563:", translated by Sarah Green and Maro Elliott. International Contemporary Ensemble website (archive from 11 June 2015, accessed 29 April 2016).
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By the late 1950s Xenakis slowly started gaining recognition in artistic circles. In 1957, he received his first composition award, from the
598:, but these lessons also proved fruitless. Annette Dieudonné, a close friend of Boulanger's, then recommended that Xenakis try studying with
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946:, receiving its world premiere in Persepolis in 1969. Subsequently, he was once again commissioned by the Shiraz Arts Festival and composed
578:, whose reaction to Xenakis's music was unenthusiastic. As Xenakis recounted in a 1987 interview, Honegger dismissed a piece which included
731:, London, giving free public lectures), and teaching composition. His works were performed at numerous festivals worldwide, including the
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After the Axis forces left, Churchill ordered that British forces step in to help restore the Greek monarchy; they were opposed by the
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from the Institute for Research on Music and Acoustics, Athens (Greece) – in Greek and English with many score and audio examples
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has described this work as "mathematical formulas translated . . . into beautiful, exciting, and above all, convincing music."
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who was managing director of an English export-import agency and one of the richest men in the city, and Fotini Pavlou from
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1011:, where a polygonal waveform's sectional borders' amplitudes and distance between borders may be generated using a form of
350:. He excelled in both academics and athletics and sang in the school's boys' choir, where the repertoire included works by
226:(1953–54) for orchestra, which introduced independent parts for every musician of the orchestra; percussion works such as
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Despite Xenakis's reputation as a "mathematical" composer, his works are known for their power and physicality.
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from 1967 until 1972 (and established a studio similar to EMAMu there), and worked as visiting professor at the
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In addition to composing and teaching, Xenakis also wrote a number of articles and essays on music. Of these,
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Two articles by Grant Chu Covell (2006) documenting then-recent Xenakis recordings and books about Xenakis:
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Specific examples of mathematics, statistics, and physics applied to music composition are the use of the
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Iannis Xenakis und die Stochastische Musik – Komposition im Spannungsfeld von Architektur und Mathematik
238:(1979); compositions that introduced spatialization by dispersing musicians among the audience, such as
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eighteen years later. Xenakis pioneered the use of mathematical models in music such as applications of
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and became enamoured of Greek traditional and church music. At the same time, he discovered the writer
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Luque, Sergio. 2009. "The Stochastic Synthesis of Iannis Xenakis." Leonardo Music Journal (19): 77–84
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and gained a deep understanding of contemporary music (Messiaen's other pupils at the time included
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Chrissochoidis, Ilias, Stavros Houliaras, and Christos Mitsakis. (2005). "Set theory in Xenakis'
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the right to live. It wasn't just a question of music—it was something much more significant.
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2221:(Chapter "Iannis Xenakis: Souvenirs from Paris, by D. Kitsikis, Xenakis's Intimate Friend").
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Iannis Xenakis: Das elektroakustische Werk. Internationales Symposion. Tagungsbericht 2006
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Gluck, Robert (2007). "The Shiraz Arts Festival: Western Avant-Garde Arts in 1970s Iran".
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Xenakis frequently lectured (for instance, from 1975 to 1978 he was Professor of Music at
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574:, who was the first person Xenakis approached about lessons. He then tried studying with
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1344:, edited by François-Bernard Mâche, pp. 25–82. Paris: Bibliothèque Nationale de France.
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1636:, Gresham College (21 September, archive from 18 January 2015, accessed 29 April 2016)
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1670:, second edition. Harmonologia Series, no. 6. Stuyvesant, New York: Pendragon Press.
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Serra, Marie-Hélène (Winter 1993). "Stochastic Composition and Stochastic Timbre:
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Xenakis also developed a stochastic synthesizer algorithm (used in GENDY), called
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Although he was an illegal immigrant in Paris, Xenakis was able to get a job at
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was the first of these pieces he created using UPIC as it was being perfected.
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1634:"Music and Architecture: Confronting the Boundaries between Space and Sound"
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as "not music". Xenakis, who was by that time well acquainted with music of
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1189:"Yannis Xenakis' Polytopes: Cosmogonies in Sound and Architecture – SOCKS"
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2136:"The Xenakis Sieve as Object: A New Model and a Complete Implementation"
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He was subsequently educated by a series of English, French, and German
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2286:. Signale aus Köln. Beiträge zur Musik der Zeit 14. Vienna. Der Apfel.
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Iannis Xenakis, Composer Who Built Music on Mathematics, Is Dead at 78"
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for the occasion, a "polytope" composed specific to the historic site.
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2327:"Die Mathematik der Klangwolken – Ausgabe: 5/22 – neue musikzeitung"
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1050:(Harmonologia Series No. 6). Hillsdale, New York: Pendragon Press.
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642:(1953–54): a triptych for choir and orchestra based on an ancient
182:; 29 May 1922 – 4 February 2001) was a Romanian-born Greek-French
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Hoffmann, Peter (2001). "Xenakis, Iannis". In Deane Root (ed.).
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Historical Dictionary of Modern and Contemporary Classical Music
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1162:: "Xenakis settled in Paris, becoming a French citizen in 1965."
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Historical Dictionary of Modern and Contemporary Classical Music
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serialism was an influence on Xenakis's first large-scale work,
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for a soundtrack for a documentary film by Enrico Fulchignoni.
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system; and the massive multimedia performances Xenakis called
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For a study of Messiaen's teaching methods, see Boivin 1995, .
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On 3 December 1953, Xenakis married the journalist and writer
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Among the numerous theoretical writings he authored, the book
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Watson, Ben (June 1995). "Iannis Xenakis: Primal Architect".
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In 1938, after graduating from the school, Xenakis moved to
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1525:"With a Sound Forged in War, Iannis Xenakis Embraced Chaos"
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697:. In the same year, he produced a musique concrète piece,
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and was also an important influence on the development of
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1913:"Compositional Models in Xenakis's Electroacoustic Music"
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Greek-French composer, architect and engineer (1922–2001)
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Formalized Music: Thought and Mathematics in Composition
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Formalized Music: Thought and Mathematics in Composition
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Formalized Music: Thought and Mathematics in Composition
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Formalized Music: Thought and Mathematics in Composition
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Formalized Music: Thought and Mathematics in Composition
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Barthel-Calvet, Anne-Sylvie. (2002). "Chronologie". In
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It was also at the Spetses school that Xenakis studied
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1691:". Polar Music Prize website (accessed 29 April 2016)
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Iannis Xenakis, Laureate of the Polar Music Prize 1999
792:(1971) during Xenakis's tenure at Indiana University.
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1178:, Paris: Éditions Michel de Maule, 2015, pp. 351-353.
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and died after giving birth to a stillborn daughter.
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Musica e matematica negli anni 50–60: Iannis Xenakis
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Xenakis, Iannis; Brown, Roberta; Rahn, John (1987).
799:. Polish musicologist Zbigniew Skowron, describing
193:After 1947, he fled Greece, becoming a naturalised
677:variety. Shortly after that Xenakis met conductor
496:
2469:Iannis Xenakis: the aesthetics of his early works
996:By 1979, he had devised a computer system called
250:, that were a summa of his interests and skills.
242:(1966); electronic works created using Xenakis's
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1649:. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press.
681:, who was immediately impressed by the score of
190:, architect, performance director and engineer.
4053:National Technical University of Athens alumni
2495:"Iannis Xenakis (biography, works, resources)"
2464:Iannis Xenakis @ Boosey & Hawkes Publisher
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2185:. Bologna. Università degli Studi di Bologna.
763:. In 1983, he was elected as a member of the
427:Axis occupation of Greece during World War II
537:, India, the "undulatory glass surfaces" of
485:In the meantime, in Greece he was sentenced
3303:Center for New Music and Audio Technologies
2475:Iannis Xenakis Bibliography and Discography
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157:(also spelled for professional purposes as
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2374:Woodward, Roger (2014). "Iannis Xenakis".
2120:""Mi-homme, mi dragon" par Iannis Xenakis"
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493:in 1974. He later returned the same year.
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2197:The Wire Primers: A Guide To Modern Music
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1814:. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 397.
445:. In December 1944, during the period of
267:, on which the two collaborated, and the
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1867:"Waveforms: The singular Iannis Xenakis"
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769:
663:Groupe de Recherches de Musique Concrète
646:ritual. The third part of the triptych,
500:
3878:Afghanistan National Institute of Music
2199:, 191–198. London and New York: Verso.
1991:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.30654
1945:
1523:Slabihoudek, Jiri (22 September 2022).
1295:
1282:
1276:
1093:
283:
4133:Members of the Académie des beaux-arts
4113:Kyoto laureates in Arts and Philosophy
4025:
2400:"Iannis Xenakis; Avant-Garde Composer"
2117:
2007:
1892:
1795:
1733:International Symposium Iannis Xenakis
1130:. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. p. 3.
1123:
983:Voyage absolu des Unari vers Andromède
834:List of compositions by Iannis Xenakis
735:in Iran. His notable students include
288:Giannis Klearchou Xenakis was born in
275:), which Xenakis designed by himself.
3545:
3390:
2993:
2980:
2517:
2456:70-page PDF from Xenakis's publisher
2195:Clark, Philip. (2009). "Xenakis", in
1840:
1807:
1748:
1396:
394:to prepare for entrance exams at its
387:and had a habit of visiting museums.
177:
2252:Murray, Margaret (5 November 1988).
1861:
1181:
1119:
1117:
1115:
37:Xenakis in his Paris studio, c. 1970
2444:Medieval.org: Modern Music: Xenakis
2378:. HarperCollins. pp. 353-399.
2325:Schaal, Hans-Jürgen (29 May 2022).
2225:McCallum, Peter (17 October 1992).
1735:, edited by Anastasia Georgaki and
1298:"A guide to Iannis Xenakis's music"
1154:, p. 299, Lanham: Scarecrow Press.
1124:Harley, James (28 September 2015).
1087:
533:, parts of government buildings in
375:, being introduced to the music of
271:at the 1958 Brussels World's Fair (
220:Among his most important works are
13:
4168:20th-century French male musicians
3019:
2543:
2300:"Battle Sounds Graphed Into Music"
2108:
1496:. New York: Mormon Artists Group.
171:Γιάννης "Ιωάννης" Κλέαρχου Ξενάκης
14:
4179:
3278:Computer Music Center at Columbia
2843:Unité d'Habitation of Nantes-Rezé
2425:
2308:. St. Louis, Missouri. p. 41
2091:Conversations with Iannis Xenakis
1808:Gagné, Nicole V. (17 July 2019).
1645:Skowron, Zbigniew (ed.). (2001).
1559:, and Andreas Waldburg-Wolfegg. "
1112:
808:Xenakis completed his last work,
665:; an organization established by
531:Unité d'Habitation of Nantes-Rezé
441:, and the country plunged into a
4083:20th-century classical composers
4048:Romanian people of Greek descent
4010:
3998:
3986:
3974:
3138:
3133:
2961:
2960:
2129:. France: Le monde and Telerama.
1964:. London: Taylor & Francis.
1904:
1094:Xenakis, Mâkhi (27 March 2024).
4128:Electroacoustic music composers
4103:French people with disabilities
4098:French male classical composers
2861:Maison de la Culture de Firminy
2348:Swed, Mark (10 November 2010).
2324:
1886:
1855:
1828:
1801:
1777:
1742:
1721:
1701:
1681:
1660:
1639:
1626:
1610:
1594:
1582:
1566:
1550:
1516:
1507:
1486:
1474:
1458:
1424:
1412:
1380:
1368:
1355:
1334:
1318:
1258:
1246:
1176:Musipoesc: Writings About Music
497:1947–59: architecture and music
296:—which at the time had a large
134:
4143:Jacobs School of Music faculty
4078:Greek people with disabilities
2398:Swed, Mark (5 February 2001).
2029:
1588:
1480:
1418:
1361:Baltensperger, André. (1995).
1296:Service, Tom (23 April 2013).
1252:
1240:
1234:
1213:
1207:
1165:
1144:
1068:
1:
4158:Exiles of the Greek Civil War
2508:Interview with Iannis Xenakis
2477:compiled by James Harley for
2391:
2350:"Cold, stern and so very hip"
2181:Biasi, Salvatore di. (1994).
2089:Varga, Bálint András (1996).
1978:
1910:
1834:
1783:
1407:
1342:Portrait(s) de Iannis Xenakis
1081:
944:Les Percussions de Strasbourg
710:
396:National Technical University
4138:Academics of Gresham College
4058:Greek expatriates in Romania
2298:Peters, Frank (2 May 1967).
2254:"Taking Bach to the planets"
2192:. Paris: Christian Bourgois.
2039:. London: Kahn and Averill.
1911:Di Scipio, Agostino (1998).
1365:. Zürich. Paul Haupt. p. 72.
1009:dynamic stochastic synthesis
691:European Cultural Foundation
634:, among others). Messiaen's
7:
4153:Musicians with disabilities
2855:Sainte Marie de La Tourette
2134:Ariza, Christopher (2005).
2093:. London: Faber and Faber.
1985:. Oxford University Press.
1957:
1616:
1600:
1572:
1561:Mme Xenakis in Conversation
1464:
1386:
1324:
1038:
580:parallel fifths and octaves
539:Sainte Marie de La Tourette
265:Sainte-Marie de La Tourette
10:
4184:
4093:French classical composers
3923:Ensemble intercontemporain
3375:Mortuos Plango, Vivos Voco
3283:Experimental Music Studios
2088:
2053:
1961:Xenakis: His Life in Music
1953:. Oxford University Press.
1849:
1374:
1264:
1228:
831:
4088:Greek classical composers
4063:Greek emigrants to France
3901:
3786:
3671:
3580:
3431:
3359:
3326:
3255:
3167:Composers Desktop Project
3147:
3131:
3027:
2987:
2982:Links to related articles
2956:
2920:
2901:
2870:
2835:
2560:
2551:
2497:(in French and English).
2440:by the Friends of Xenakis
2259:The Sydney Morning Herald
2232:The Sydney Morning Herald
2061:Perspectives of New Music
1918:Perspectives of New Music
1763:10.1162/leon.2007.40.1.20
1666:Xenakis, Iannis. (1992).
1440:Perspectives of New Music
1150:Gagné, Nicole V. (2012).
439:Democratic Army of Greece
431:National Liberation Front
179:[ˈʝaniskseˈnacis]
170:
155:Giannis Klearchou Xenakis
144:
119:
109:
101:
93:
71:
47:Giannis Klearchou Xenakis
42:
30:
23:
4148:Pupils of Darius Milhaud
4123:Nonesuch Records artists
3733:Dietrich Fischer-Dieskau
3496:Gottfried Michael Koenig
3065:Gottfried Michael Koenig
2871:Collaborators/influences
2155:10.1162/0148926054094396
1492:Thatcher, Nathan. 2016.
1127:Iannis Xenakis: Kraanerg
1061:
852:of points on a plane in
850:statistical distribution
827:
346:on the Aegean island of
3423:Darmstädter Ferienkurse
3339:Artificial intelligence
3334:Algorithmic composition
2569:Six chansons pour piano
2305:St. Louis Post-Dispatch
2280:Christoph von Blumröder
2015:. New York: Routledge.
1044:Xenakis, Iannis. 2001.
412:Aristotelis Koundouroff
278:
4108:Experimental composers
2938:Indeterminacy in music
2432:xenakis.musicportal.gr
2376:Beyond Black and White
2141:Computer Music Journal
2127:Le monde de la musique
1958:Harley, James (2004).
775:
724:from 1973 until 1989.
609:
514:
483:
3697:Karlheinz Stockhausen
3622:Mstislav Rostropovich
3526:Karlheinz Stockhausen
2405:The Los Angeles Times
2355:The Los Angeles Times
2190:La Classe de Messiaen
2118:Anther, Eric (1986).
1710:. (5 February 2001).
1632:Cole, Jonathan 2009.
840:statistical mechanics
773:
628:Karlheinz Stockhausen
604:
504:
478:
4118:Microtonal composers
3612:Nikolaus Harnoncourt
2836:Architectural design
2657:Polytope de Montréal
2554:List of compositions
2227:"Metaphors of space"
2188:Boivin, Jean. 1995.
2058:by Iannis Xenakis".
2013:The Digital Musician
1865:(22 February 2010).
1695:8 March 2012 at the
1433:"Xenakis on Xenakis"
824:, and his daughter.
786:stochastic processes
733:Shiraz Arts Festival
377:Ludwig van Beethoven
284:1922–47: early years
203:stochastic processes
114:List of compositions
3466:Niccolò Castiglioni
3313:Oberlin TIMARA Labs
3308:Princeton Sound Lab
2278:Paland, Ralph, and
2031:Matossian, Nouritza
1798:, pp. 95, 182.
1647:Lutosławski Studies
1446:(1–2): 16–63 (20).
868:normal distribution
97:Composer, architect
4043:People from Brăila
3892:Playing for Change
3888:Anne-Sophie Mutter
3773:José Antonio Abreu
3602:Witold Lutosławski
3481:Franco Evangelisti
3095:Jean-Claude Risset
3055:Giuseppe di Giugno
2471:by Markos Zografos
2438:Iannis-Xenakis.org
1982:Grove Music Online
1716:The New York Times
1557:Xenakis, Françoise
1529:The New York Times
776:
765:Académie Française
745:Miguel Ángel Coria
718:Indiana University
659:Françoise Gargouïl
515:
126:Françoise Gargouïl
3962:
3961:
3956:
3955:
3947:Esa-Pekka Salonen
3884:Grandmaster Flash
3707:Sofia Gubaidulina
3638:Bruce Springsteen
3574:Polar Music Prize
3572:Laureates of the
3539:
3538:
3384:
3383:
3349:Digital synthesis
3040:Richard Boulanger
2974:
2973:
2292:978-3-85450-414-6
2219:978-960-485-068-6
2211:Kitsikis, Dimitri
2205:978-1-84467-427-5
2022:978-0-415-80660-2
2000:978-1-56159-263-0
1951:Winston Churchill
1821:978-1-5381-2298-3
1676:978-1-57647-079-4
1655:978-0-19-816660-3
1502:978-1-5238-5909-2
1137:978-1-4094-2331-7
1105:978-2-9585283-5-5
814:Polar Music Prize
679:Hermann Scherchen
612:Francisco Estévez
548:in a valley near
422:, in April 1941.
416:Greco-Italian War
328:Bayreuth Festival
195:citizen of France
152:
151:
102:Years active
4175:
4068:Greek architects
4015:
4014:
4013:
4003:
4002:
4001:
3991:
3990:
3989:
3979:
3978:
3977:
3970:
3566:
3559:
3552:
3543:
3542:
3511:Olivier Messiaen
3486:Karel Goeyvaerts
3418:Darmstadt School
3411:
3404:
3397:
3388:
3387:
3192:Laptop orchestra
3142:
3137:
3014:
3007:
3000:
2991:
2990:
2978:
2977:
2964:
2963:
2948:Stochastic music
2943:Musique concrète
2921:Related articles
2888:Pierre Schaeffer
2883:Olivier Messiaen
2849:Philips Pavilion
2538:
2531:
2524:
2515:
2514:
2502:
2460:-Salabert-Eschig
2421:
2415:
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2371:
2365:
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2344:
2342:
2340:
2321:
2315:
2313:
2282:(eds.). (2009).
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1195:. 8 January 2014
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1142:
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1121:
1110:
1109:
1091:
1075:
1072:
975:La légende d'Eer
781:Formalized Music
675:musique concrète
667:Pierre Schaeffer
652:Darmstadt School
600:Olivier Messiaen
554:Philips Pavilion
507:Philips Pavilion
472:by using a fake
425:This led to the
420:Battle of Greece
398:, also studying
322:
269:Philips Pavilion
263:: the priory of
181:
176:
172:
138:
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56:
54:
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20:
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3999:
3997:
3987:
3985:
3981:Classical music
3975:
3973:
3965:
3963:
3958:
3957:
3952:
3933:Angélique Kidjo
3929:Chris Blackwell
3897:
3858:Cecilia Bartoli
3798:Ennio Morricone
3782:
3667:
3598:Dizzy Gillespie
3576:
3570:
3540:
3535:
3506:Giacomo Manzoni
3476:Franco Donatoni
3436:Hans Abrahamsen
3427:
3415:
3385:
3380:
3355:
3344:Sound synthesis
3322:
3251:
3202:MIDI controller
3149:
3143:
3129:
3085:Miller Puckette
3023:
3018:
2983:
2975:
2970:
2952:
2916:
2897:
2866:
2831:
2556:
2547:
2542:
2510:, 25 March 1997
2493:
2458:Éditions Durand
2454:Works catalogue
2428:
2411:
2409:
2397:
2394:
2386:
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2338:
2336:
2311:
2309:
2297:
2265:
2263:
2251:
2238:
2236:
2224:
2133:
2122:
2111:
2109:Further reading
2101:
2047:
2023:
2001:
1972:
1947:Gilbert, Martin
1907:
1902:
1897:. No. 136.
1891:
1887:
1877:
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1726:
1722:
1708:Griffiths, Paul
1706:
1702:
1697:Wayback Machine
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1069:
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1041:
955:electroacoustic
932:Brownian motion
836:
830:
795:Xenakis was an
729:Gresham College
713:
576:Arthur Honegger
572:Nadia Boulanger
499:
381:Johannes Brahms
344:boarding school
316:
298:Greek community
286:
281:
174:
140:
137: 1953)
132:
128:
89:
80:
76:
75:4 February 2001
67:
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4073:Greek atheists
4070:
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3898:
3896:
3895:
3881:
3871:
3861:
3851:
3848:Evelyn Glennie
3844:Emmylou Harris
3841:
3831:
3828:Kaija Saariaho
3824:Youssou N'Dour
3821:
3811:
3804:Kronos Quartet
3801:
3790:
3788:
3784:
3783:
3781:
3780:
3766:
3756:
3746:
3743:Valery Gergiev
3736:
3726:
3716:
3710:
3700:
3689:Burt Bacharach
3686:
3675:
3673:
3669:
3668:
3666:
3665:
3662:Iannis Xenakis
3655:
3645:
3635:
3625:
3615:
3605:
3595:
3588:Paul McCartney
3584:
3582:
3578:
3577:
3569:
3568:
3561:
3554:
3546:
3537:
3536:
3534:
3533:
3531:Iannis Xenakis
3528:
3523:
3521:Henri Pousseur
3518:
3513:
3508:
3503:
3498:
3493:
3491:Mauricio Kagel
3488:
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3145:
3144:
3132:
3130:
3128:
3127:
3125:Iannis Xenakis
3122:
3117:
3112:
3107:
3105:Laurie Spiegel
3102:
3097:
3092:
3090:Roger Reynolds
3087:
3082:
3077:
3072:
3067:
3062:
3057:
3052:
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3037:
3031:
3029:
3025:
3024:
3021:Computer music
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2545:Iannis Xenakis
2541:
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2526:
2518:
2512:
2511:
2504:
2503:
2491:
2481:
2479:Leonardo/ISAST
2472:
2466:
2461:
2451:
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2435:
2427:
2426:External links
2424:
2423:
2422:
2418:Newspapers.com
2393:
2390:
2389:
2388:
2384:
2372:
2368:Newspapers.com
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2318:Newspapers.com
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2272:Newspapers.com
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2176:
2131:
2115:
2110:
2107:
2106:
2105:
2099:
2086:
2074:10.2307/833052
2068:(1): 236–257.
2051:
2045:
2027:
2021:
2009:Hugill, Andrew
2005:
1999:
1976:
1970:
1955:
1943:
1931:10.2307/833529
1925:(2): 201–243.
1906:
1903:
1901:
1900:
1885:
1872:The New Yorker
1854:
1839:
1827:
1820:
1800:
1788:
1776:
1741:
1720:
1700:
1680:
1659:
1657:. pp. 122–123.
1638:
1625:
1609:
1593:
1581:
1565:
1549:
1515:
1506:
1485:
1473:
1457:
1423:
1411:
1395:
1379:
1367:
1354:
1333:
1317:
1281:
1269:
1257:
1245:
1233:
1218:
1206:
1180:
1164:
1143:
1136:
1111:
1104:
1096:Iannis Xenakis
1085:
1083:
1080:
1077:
1076:
1066:
1065:
1063:
1060:
1059:
1058:
1040:
1037:
914:Siegfried Palm
829:
826:
774:Xenakis (1975)
749:Susan Frykberg
741:Henning Lohner
737:Pascal Dusapin
712:
709:
596:Darius Milhaud
498:
495:
285:
282:
280:
277:
215:computer music
188:music theorist
163:Iannis Xenakis
150:
149:
146:
142:
141:
130:
124:
123:
121:
117:
116:
111:
107:
106:
103:
99:
98:
95:
91:
90:
81:
79:(aged 79)
73:
69:
68:
59:
46:
44:
40:
39:
36:
28:
27:
25:Iannis Xenakis
24:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4180:
4169:
4166:
4164:
4161:
4159:
4156:
4154:
4151:
4149:
4146:
4144:
4141:
4139:
4136:
4134:
4131:
4129:
4126:
4124:
4121:
4119:
4116:
4114:
4111:
4109:
4106:
4104:
4101:
4099:
4096:
4094:
4091:
4089:
4086:
4084:
4081:
4079:
4076:
4074:
4071:
4069:
4066:
4064:
4061:
4059:
4056:
4054:
4051:
4049:
4046:
4044:
4041:
4039:
4036:
4034:
4031:
4030:
4028:
4018:
4008:
4006:
3996:
3994:
3984:
3982:
3972:
3971:
3968:
3948:
3944:
3941:
3938:
3934:
3930:
3927:
3924:
3920:
3917:
3914:
3910:
3909:Anna Netrebko
3907:
3906:
3904:
3900:
3893:
3889:
3885:
3882:
3879:
3875:
3872:
3869:
3868:Wayne Shorter
3865:
3862:
3859:
3855:
3852:
3849:
3845:
3842:
3839:
3838:Peter Sellars
3835:
3832:
3829:
3825:
3822:
3819:
3815:
3812:
3809:
3805:
3802:
3799:
3795:
3792:
3791:
3789:
3785:
3778:
3774:
3770:
3769:Peter Gabriel
3767:
3764:
3763:Renée Fleming
3760:
3757:
3754:
3750:
3749:Sonny Rollins
3747:
3744:
3740:
3737:
3734:
3730:
3727:
3724:
3723:György Ligeti
3720:
3717:
3714:
3713:Keith Jarrett
3711:
3708:
3704:
3703:Miriam Makeba
3701:
3698:
3694:
3690:
3687:
3684:
3680:
3677:
3676:
3674:
3670:
3663:
3659:
3658:Stevie Wonder
3656:
3653:
3649:
3646:
3643:
3639:
3636:
3633:
3632:Pierre Boulez
3629:
3628:Joni Mitchell
3626:
3623:
3619:
3616:
3613:
3609:
3606:
3603:
3599:
3596:
3593:
3592:Baltic states
3589:
3586:
3585:
3583:
3579:
3575:
3567:
3562:
3560:
3555:
3553:
3548:
3547:
3544:
3532:
3529:
3527:
3524:
3522:
3519:
3517:
3514:
3512:
3509:
3507:
3504:
3502:
3501:Bruno Maderna
3499:
3497:
3494:
3492:
3489:
3487:
3484:
3482:
3479:
3477:
3474:
3472:
3471:Aldo Clementi
3469:
3467:
3464:
3462:
3459:
3457:
3454:
3452:
3451:Pierre Boulez
3449:
3447:
3446:Luciano Berio
3444:
3442:
3441:Jean Barraqué
3439:
3437:
3434:
3433:
3430:
3425:
3424:
3419:
3412:
3407:
3405:
3400:
3398:
3393:
3392:
3389:
3377:
3376:
3372:
3370:
3369:
3365:
3364:
3362:
3358:
3350:
3347:
3346:
3345:
3342:
3340:
3337:
3335:
3332:
3331:
3329:
3325:
3319:
3316:
3314:
3311:
3309:
3306:
3304:
3301:
3299:
3296:
3294:
3291:
3289:
3286:
3284:
3281:
3279:
3276:
3274:
3271:
3269:
3266:
3264:
3261:
3260:
3258:
3254:
3248:
3245:
3243:
3240:
3238:
3237:SuperCollider
3235:
3233:
3230:
3228:
3225:
3223:
3220:
3218:
3215:
3213:
3210:
3208:
3205:
3203:
3200:
3198:
3195:
3193:
3190:
3188:
3185:
3183:
3180:
3178:
3175:
3173:
3170:
3168:
3165:
3163:
3160:
3158:
3155:
3154:
3152:
3146:
3141:
3136:
3126:
3123:
3121:
3118:
3116:
3113:
3111:
3108:
3106:
3103:
3101:
3098:
3096:
3093:
3091:
3088:
3086:
3083:
3081:
3078:
3076:
3073:
3071:
3068:
3066:
3063:
3061:
3060:Charles Dodge
3058:
3056:
3053:
3051:
3050:John Chowning
3048:
3046:
3043:
3041:
3038:
3036:
3033:
3032:
3030:
3026:
3022:
3015:
3010:
3008:
3003:
3001:
2996:
2995:
2992:
2986:
2979:
2967:
2959:
2958:
2955:
2949:
2946:
2944:
2941:
2939:
2936:
2934:
2931:
2929:
2926:
2925:
2923:
2919:
2912:
2911:
2907:
2906:
2904:
2900:
2894:
2893:Edgard Varèse
2891:
2889:
2886:
2884:
2881:
2879:
2876:
2875:
2873:
2869:
2862:
2859:
2856:
2853:
2850:
2847:
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2841:
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2838:
2834:
2827:
2826:
2822:
2819:
2818:
2814:
2811:
2810:
2806:
2803:
2802:
2798:
2795:
2794:
2790:
2787:
2786:
2782:
2779:
2778:
2774:
2771:
2770:
2766:
2763:
2762:
2758:
2755:
2754:
2750:
2747:
2746:
2742:
2739:
2738:
2734:
2731:
2730:
2726:
2723:
2722:
2718:
2715:
2714:
2710:
2707:
2706:
2702:
2699:
2698:
2694:
2691:
2690:
2686:
2683:
2682:
2678:
2675:
2674:
2670:
2667:
2666:
2662:
2659:
2658:
2654:
2652:
2650:
2646:
2643:
2642:
2638:
2635:
2634:
2630:
2627:
2626:
2622:
2619:
2618:
2614:
2611:
2610:
2606:
2603:
2602:
2598:
2595:
2594:
2590:
2587:
2586:
2582:
2579:
2578:
2574:
2571:
2570:
2566:
2565:
2563:
2559:
2555:
2550:
2546:
2539:
2534:
2532:
2527:
2525:
2520:
2519:
2516:
2509:
2506:
2505:
2500:
2496:
2492:
2490:
2486:
2482:
2480:
2476:
2473:
2470:
2467:
2465:
2462:
2459:
2455:
2452:
2450:
2447:
2445:
2442:
2439:
2436:
2433:
2430:
2429:
2419:
2407:
2406:
2401:
2396:
2395:
2387:
2385:9780733323034
2381:
2377:
2373:
2369:
2357:
2356:
2351:
2346:
2334:
2333:
2328:
2323:
2319:
2307:
2306:
2301:
2296:
2293:
2289:
2285:
2281:
2277:
2273:
2261:
2260:
2255:
2250:
2246:
2234:
2233:
2228:
2223:
2220:
2216:
2212:
2209:
2206:
2202:
2198:
2194:
2191:
2187:
2184:
2180:
2177:
2173:
2169:
2165:
2161:
2156:
2151:
2147:
2143:
2142:
2137:
2132:
2128:
2121:
2116:
2113:
2112:
2102:
2100:0-571-17959-2
2096:
2092:
2087:
2083:
2079:
2075:
2071:
2067:
2063:
2062:
2057:
2052:
2048:
2046:1-871082-17-X
2042:
2038:
2037:
2032:
2028:
2024:
2018:
2014:
2010:
2006:
2002:
1996:
1992:
1988:
1984:
1983:
1977:
1973:
1971:0-415-97145-4
1967:
1963:
1962:
1956:
1952:
1948:
1944:
1940:
1936:
1932:
1928:
1924:
1920:
1919:
1914:
1909:
1908:
1905:Cited sources
1896:
1889:
1874:
1873:
1868:
1864:
1858:
1851:
1846:
1844:
1836:
1831:
1823:
1817:
1813:
1812:
1804:
1797:
1792:
1785:
1780:
1772:
1768:
1764:
1760:
1756:
1752:
1745:
1738:
1737:Makis Solomos
1734:
1730:
1724:
1717:
1713:
1709:
1704:
1698:
1694:
1690:
1684:
1677:
1673:
1669:
1663:
1656:
1652:
1648:
1642:
1635:
1629:
1622:
1618:
1613:
1606:
1602:
1597:
1590:
1585:
1578:
1574:
1569:
1562:
1558:
1553:
1538:
1534:
1530:
1526:
1519:
1510:
1503:
1499:
1495:
1489:
1482:
1477:
1470:
1466:
1461:
1453:
1449:
1445:
1441:
1434:
1427:
1420:
1415:
1409:
1404:
1402:
1400:
1392:
1388:
1383:
1376:
1371:
1364:
1358:
1351:
1350:2-7177-2178-9
1347:
1343:
1337:
1330:
1326:
1321:
1305:
1304:
1299:
1292:
1290:
1288:
1286:
1279:, p. 56.
1278:
1273:
1266:
1261:
1254:
1249:
1242:
1237:
1230:
1225:
1223:
1215:
1210:
1194:
1190:
1184:
1177:
1173:
1168:
1161:
1160:0-8108-6765-6
1157:
1153:
1147:
1139:
1133:
1129:
1128:
1120:
1118:
1116:
1107:
1101:
1097:
1090:
1086:
1071:
1067:
1057:
1056:1-57647-079-2
1053:
1049:
1048:
1043:
1042:
1036:
1033:
1029:
1026:
1022:
1017:
1014:
1010:
1005:
1003:
1002:Mycenae-Alpha
999:
994:
992:
988:
984:
980:
979:Mycenae-Alpha
976:
972:
971:
966:
962:
961:
956:
951:
949:
945:
941:
937:
933:
929:
928:
923:
919:
915:
911:
910:
905:
901:
897:
893:
889:
885:
881:
880:Markov chains
877:
873:
869:
865:
861:
857:
856:
851:
847:
846:
841:
835:
825:
823:
817:
815:
811:
806:
804:
803:
798:
793:
791:
787:
783:
782:
772:
768:
766:
762:
761:Julio Estrada
758:
754:
750:
746:
742:
738:
734:
730:
725:
723:
719:
708:
706:
702:
701:
696:
692:
687:
684:
680:
676:
672:
668:
664:
660:
655:
653:
649:
645:
641:
637:
633:
632:Jean Barraqué
629:
625:
621:
615:
613:
608:
603:
601:
597:
593:
589:
585:
581:
577:
573:
567:
565:
564:
559:
555:
551:
547:
544:
540:
536:
532:
528:
524:
520:
512:
508:
503:
494:
492:
488:
482:
477:
475:
471:
465:
462:
460:
456:
452:
448:
444:
440:
435:
432:
428:
423:
421:
417:
413:
409:
405:
401:
400:Ancient Greek
397:
393:
388:
386:
382:
378:
374:
370:
365:
363:
362:
357:
353:
349:
345:
341:
336:
334:
329:
324:
320:
315:
311:
307:
303:
299:
295:
291:
276:
274:
270:
266:
262:
258:
257:
251:
249:
245:
241:
237:
236:
231:
230:
225:
224:
218:
216:
212:
208:
204:
200:
196:
191:
189:
185:
180:
168:
164:
160:
156:
147:
143:
127:
122:
118:
115:
112:
108:
104:
100:
96:
94:Occupation(s)
92:
88:
84:
74:
70:
66:
62:
45:
41:
34:
29:
22:
19:
3943:Nile Rodgers
3913:Diane Warren
3739:Led Zeppelin
3729:Gilberto Gil
3661:
3652:Ravi Shankar
3642:Eric Ericson
3608:Quincy Jones
3530:
3421:
3373:
3368:Illiac Suite
3366:
3360:Compositions
3148:Programs and
3124:
3120:Barry Vercoe
3100:Curtis Roads
3035:Marc Battier
2908:
2902:Publications
2878:Le Corbusier
2823:
2815:
2807:
2799:
2791:
2783:
2775:
2767:
2759:
2751:
2743:
2735:
2727:
2719:
2711:
2703:
2695:
2687:
2679:
2671:
2663:
2655:
2647:
2639:
2631:
2623:
2615:
2607:
2601:Diamorphoses
2599:
2591:
2583:
2575:
2567:
2561:Compositions
2544:
2416:– via
2410:. Retrieved
2408:. p. 22
2403:
2375:
2366:– via
2360:. Retrieved
2358:. p. 32
2353:
2337:. Retrieved
2330:
2316:– via
2310:. Retrieved
2303:
2283:
2270:– via
2264:. Retrieved
2262:. p. 93
2257:
2243:– via
2237:. Retrieved
2235:. p. 47
2230:
2196:
2189:
2182:
2148:(2): 40–60.
2145:
2139:
2126:
2090:
2065:
2059:
2055:
2035:
2012:
1981:
1960:
1950:
1922:
1916:
1894:
1888:
1876:. Retrieved
1870:
1857:
1830:
1810:
1803:
1791:
1779:
1754:
1750:
1744:
1732:
1728:
1723:
1715:
1703:
1683:
1667:
1662:
1646:
1641:
1628:
1612:
1596:
1584:
1568:
1552:
1542:24 September
1540:. Retrieved
1528:
1518:
1509:
1493:
1488:
1476:
1460:
1443:
1439:
1426:
1414:
1382:
1370:
1362:
1357:
1341:
1336:
1320:
1308:. Retrieved
1303:The Guardian
1301:
1277:Gilbert 1966
1272:
1267:, pp. 14–19.
1260:
1255:, pp. 18–27.
1248:
1236:
1209:
1197:. Retrieved
1192:
1183:
1175:
1167:
1151:
1146:
1126:
1095:
1089:
1070:
1045:
1030:
1018:
1008:
1006:
1001:
995:
990:
989:(1991), and
986:
982:
978:
974:
968:
965:Analogique B
964:
958:
952:
947:
939:
935:
925:
921:
907:
904:group theory
899:
895:
891:
883:
875:
871:
863:
855:Diamorphoses
853:
843:
842:of gases in
837:
818:
809:
807:
800:
794:
789:
779:
777:
726:
714:
698:
695:Radio France
688:
682:
671:Pierre Henry
656:
647:
639:
616:
610:
605:
568:
561:
519:Le Corbusier
516:
484:
479:
466:
463:
454:
436:
424:
408:counterpoint
389:
366:
359:
337:
325:
287:
261:Le Corbusier
254:
252:
247:
240:Terretektorh
239:
233:
227:
221:
219:
192:
162:
158:
154:
153:
77:(2001-02-04)
18:
4038:2001 deaths
4033:1922 births
3834:Chuck Berry
3808:Patti Smith
3753:Steve Reich
3693:Robert Moog
3683:Isaac Stern
3648:Ray Charles
3456:Earle Brown
3242:TidalCycles
3207:Music Mouse
3150:instruments
3080:Gérard Pape
3075:Max Mathews
3070:Paul Lansky
2673:Persephassa
2651:(1965-1966)
2644:(1965–1966)
2641:Nomos Alpha
2636:(1963–1964)
2596:(1955–1956)
2593:Pithoprakta
2588:(1953–1954)
2585:Metastaseis
2580:(1952–1954)
2577:Anastenaria
2335:(in German)
1796:Hugill 2008
1172:Gérard Pape
1032:Tom Service
1013:random walk
967:(1958–59),
940:Persephassa
909:Nomos Alpha
900:Linaia-agon
888:game theory
864:Achorripsis
860:constraints
845:Pithoprakta
757:Robert Carl
683:Metastaseis
648:Metastaseis
640:Anastenaria
588:Béla Bartók
563:Metastaseis
491:Greek junta
487:in absentia
457:faction of
451:martial law
340:governesses
317: [
232:(1975) and
223:Metastaseis
207:game theory
184:avant-garde
57:29 May 1922
4027:Categories
3854:Max Martin
3814:Paul Simon
3777:El Sistema
3759:Pink Floyd
3618:Elton John
3516:Luigi Nono
3327:Techniques
3045:David Cope
2761:Palimpsest
2689:Antikhthon
2609:Concret PH
2392:Obituaries
1878:23 October
1863:Ross, Alex
1098:. Uteurp.
1082:References
1025:Ben Watson
960:Concret PH
948:Persepolis
918:set theory
884:Analogique
858:, minimal
832:See also:
822:Courbevoie
753:Norma Tyer
711:Later life
700:Concret PH
592:Stravinsky
552:, and the
535:Chandigarh
455:Lord Byron
352:Palestrina
211:electronic
199:set theory
186:composer,
175:pronounced
53:1922-05-29
4005:Biography
3937:Arvo Pärt
3874:Metallica
3719:B.B. King
3679:Bob Dylan
3461:John Cage
3263:Bell Labs
3227:Riffusion
3222:Radiodrum
3212:Pure Data
2164:0148-9267
1835:Di Scipio
1784:Di Scipio
1757:: 21–28.
1678:. p. 181.
1589:Matossian
1537:0362-4331
1504:. p. 116.
1481:Matossian
1419:Matossian
1253:Matossian
1241:Matossian
1214:Matossian
1021:Alex Ross
953:Although
896:Stratégie
644:Dionysian
624:serialism
543:Dominican
447:Churchill
443:civil war
248:polytopes
105:1947–1997
3919:Iggy Pop
3818:Yo-Yo Ma
3232:Sonic Pi
2966:Category
2753:Pléïades
2705:Charisma
2681:Synaphaï
2665:Kraanerg
2172:10854809
2033:(1986).
2011:(2008).
1949:(1966).
1895:The Wire
1771:57561105
1751:Leonardo
1693:Archived
1591:, 77–79.
1408:Hoffmann
1377:, p. 47.
1306:. London
1243:, 14–17.
1231:, p. 14.
1039:Writings
993:(1994).
987:Gendy301
985:(1989),
981:(1978),
977:(1977),
973:(1962),
963:(1958),
722:Sorbonne
474:passport
468:through
369:notation
235:Pléïades
145:Children
3967:Portals
3217:MUSIC-N
3197:Max/MSP
3115:Trimpin
3110:The Hub
2825:Troorkh
2817:Rebonds
2793:Keqrops
2745:Theraps
2729:Phlegra
2721:Psappha
2713:Evryali
2649:Orestia
2036:Xenakis
1718:, p. B7
936:N'Shima
797:atheist
584:Debussy
558:Expo 58
529:), the
511:Expo 58
404:harmony
373:solfège
361:Requiem
348:Spetses
333:measles
294:Romania
273:Expo 58
229:Psappha
139:
131:
65:Romania
3993:Greece
3949:(2024)
3939:(2023)
3925:(2022)
3915:(2020)
3894:(2019)
3880:(2018)
3870:(2017)
3860:(2016)
3850:(2015)
3840:(2014)
3830:(2013)
3820:(2012)
3810:(2011)
3800:(2010)
3779:(2009)
3765:(2008)
3755:(2007)
3745:(2006)
3735:(2005)
3725:(2004)
3715:(2003)
3709:(2002)
3699:(2001)
3685:(2000)
3664:(1999)
3654:(1998)
3644:(1997)
3634:(1996)
3624:(1995)
3614:(1994)
3604:(1993)
3594:(1992)
3590:/ the
3273:CEMAMu
3256:Places
3172:Csound
3028:People
2913:(1963)
2863:(1965)
2857:(1960)
2851:(1958)
2845:(1955)
2828:(1991)
2820:(1989)
2812:(1989)
2809:Oophaa
2804:(1989)
2796:(1986)
2788:(1981)
2785:Komboï
2780:(1980)
2772:(1980)
2764:(1979)
2756:(1979)
2748:(1976)
2740:(1976)
2732:(1975)
2724:(1975)
2716:(1973)
2708:(1971)
2700:(1971)
2697:Aroura
2692:(1971)
2684:(1969)
2676:(1969)
2668:(1968)
2660:(1967)
2628:(1962)
2620:(1961)
2612:(1958)
2604:(1957)
2572:(1950)
2489:Part 2
2485:Part 1
2412:23 May
2382:
2362:23 May
2339:29 May
2312:23 May
2290:
2266:23 May
2239:23 May
2217:
2203:
2170:
2162:
2097:
2082:833052
2080:
2056:GENDY3
2043:
2019:
1997:
1968:
1939:833529
1937:
1852:, 241.
1837:, 220.
1818:
1786:, 201.
1769:
1731:". In
1674:
1653:
1617:Harley
1601:Harley
1573:Harley
1535:
1500:
1465:Harley
1452:833091
1450:
1387:Harley
1348:
1325:Harley
1310:23 May
1199:2 June
1158:
1134:
1102:
1054:
930:, and
898:, and
876:Atrées
866:, the
810:O-mega
759:, and
705:UNESCO
590:, and
546:priory
523:Nantes
392:Athens
356:Mozart
354:, and
314:Kosmas
306:Lemnos
302:Euboea
290:Brăila
159:Yannis
120:Spouse
87:France
61:Brăila
4017:Music
3902:2020s
3864:Sting
3794:Björk
3787:2010s
3672:2000s
3581:1990s
3298:IRCAM
3268:CCRMA
3177:FAUST
3157:ChucK
2928:CCMIX
2769:Mists
2737:Khoaï
2633:Eonta
2625:Bohor
2617:Herma
2499:IRCAM
2168:S2CID
2123:(PDF)
2078:JSTOR
1935:JSTOR
1850:Serra
1767:S2CID
1729:EONTA
1483:, 48.
1448:JSTOR
1436:(PDF)
1421:, 37.
1375:Varga
1265:Varga
1229:Varga
1216:, 13.
1193:Socks
1062:Notes
970:Bohor
927:Eonta
922:Herma
912:(for
872:ST/10
828:Works
636:modal
620:Ravel
470:Italy
410:with
385:Homer
321:]
310:Jason
167:Greek
133:(
129:
110:Works
83:Paris
3293:ICMA
3288:ICEM
3247:UPIC
3187:Kyma
3182:HMSL
3162:Cmix
2933:UPIC
2801:Okho
2487:and
2414:2020
2380:ISBN
2364:2020
2341:2022
2314:2020
2288:ISBN
2268:2020
2241:2020
2215:ISBN
2201:ISBN
2160:ISSN
2095:ISBN
2041:ISBN
2017:ISBN
1995:ISBN
1966:ISBN
1880:2020
1816:ISBN
1672:ISBN
1651:ISBN
1544:2022
1533:ISSN
1498:ISBN
1494:Paco
1389:, p.
1346:ISBN
1312:2020
1201:2019
1156:ISBN
1132:ISBN
1100:ISBN
1052:ISBN
998:UPIC
991:S709
924:and
892:Duel
874:and
669:and
630:and
550:Lyon
541:, a
527:Rezé
505:The
459:ELAS
406:and
379:and
371:and
279:Life
244:UPIC
213:and
205:and
72:Died
43:Born
3318:IEM
2777:Aïs
2332:nmz
2150:doi
2070:doi
1987:doi
1927:doi
1759:doi
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920:in
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906:in
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882:in
870:in
862:in
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