IRS targeting controversy

623:, the ranking member on the Ways and Means Committee, Inspector General J. Russell George's office released a letter to Levin about the scrutiny of groups with "progressive" in their names. Contradicting earlier claims of George's office, the letter acknowledged that he knew that the word "progressive" had appeared in IRS screening documents. However, he said that the "Progressives" criteria were on a part of the "Be On the Look Out" (BOLO) spreadsheet labeled "Historical", and, unlike other BOLO entries, did not say how to refer flagged cases. While he had many sources confirming the use of "Tea Party" and related criteria described in the report, including employee interviews and e-mails, he found no indication in any of those other materials that "Progressives" was a term used to refer cases for scrutiny for political campaign intervention. The letter further stated that out of the 20 groups applying for tax-exempt status whose names contained "progress" or "progressive", 6 had been chosen for more scrutiny as compared to all of the 292 groups applying for tax-exempt status whose names contained "tea party", "patriot", or "9/12". 582:

be developed and stay in place for more than 18 months, 2) resulted in substantial delays in processing certain applications, and 3) allowed unnecessary information requests to be issued. Although the processing of some applications with potential significant political campaign intervention was started soon after receipt, no work was completed on the majority of these applications for 13 months.... For the 296 total political campaign intervention applications as of December 17, 2012, 108 had been approved, 28 were withdrawn by the applicant, none had been denied, and 160 were open from 206 to 1,138 calendar days (some for more than three years and crossing two election cycles).... Many organizations received requests for additional information from the IRS that included unnecessary, burdensome questions (e.g., lists of past and future donors).

475:, misquoted one of the questions asked of the coalition as "please detail the content of the members of your organization's prayers." Schock went on to ask, "Would that be an inappropriate question to a 501(c)(3) applicant? The content of one's prayers?" Miller replied, "It pains me to say I can't speak to that one either." Upon further questioning by Schock, Miller stated that it would "surprise him" if that question were asked. Schock's characterization of the question was included in news reports and was repeated by conservative commentators. However, the Thomas More Society chose to publish the questions that were asked by the IRS. These included a question as to whether the group provided, "education on both sides of the issues," and also a question to "please explain what you are during" 40 Days for Life and Life Chain vigils." 604:, the Treasury Department Inspector General who had alerted lawmakers to the IRS's improper behavior, was criticized by Republican lawmakers, who said that because inspectors general are required to notify Congress via agency heads when wrongdoing is discovered—and in serious cases must do so within 7 days—he should have notified Congress in 2012, prior to the election that year. Inspector General George, who was appointed by President George W. Bush, responded by saying that the audit had not been complete, and that in his view, "to ensure fairness and to ensure that we are completely accurate with the information that we convey to Congress, we will not report information until the IRS has had an opportunity to take a look at it to ensure that we're not misstating facts." 1144:. The Report runs 7,913 pages, and includes a 142-page "Bipartisan Investigative Report as Submitted by Chairman Hatch and Ranking Member Wyden." The Committee concluded that management at the IRS had been "delinquent in its responsibility to provide effective control, guidance, and direction over the processing of applications for tax-exempt status filed by Tea Party and other political advocacy organizations" and that poor planning by the agency resulted in "predictable failure" in addressing those delinquencies. The Committee found that "IRS managers forfeited the opportunity to shape the IRS's response to the influx of political advocacy applications by simply failing to read reports informing them of the existence of those applications." 515:, a board member of the group, alleged that the group was being singled out. According to tax experts, the IRS had not been enforcing that law, but tax lawyers had advised their clients that they might owe the tax, leading to a situation where some paid and some did not. The audit appeared to indicate a new emphasis on enforcing the law, but political opposition from Republicans in Congress led to the IRS dropping the audit and publicly announcing that it would not levy gift taxes on contributions to 501(c)(4) groups. Inspector General J. Russell George's report recommended that the IRS create clearer rules and conduct more training for employees on 501(c)(4) issues, including gift tax exemptions. 1203:. Those sponsoring the impeachment resolution to remove Koskinen from office accused him of failing to prevent the destruction of evidence in allowing the erasure of back-up tapes containing thousands of e-mails written by Lois Lerner, and of making false statements under oath to Congress. In a statement released by the Committee, Chaffetz said Koskinen "failed to comply with a congressionally issued subpoena, documents were destroyed on his watch, and the public was consistently misled. Impeachment is the appropriate tool to restore public confidence in the IRS and to protect the institutional interests of Congress." 29: 161: 730:, said, "My question isn't about who's going to resign, my question is who's going to jail over this scandal?... There are laws in place to prevent this type of abuse. Someone made a conscious decision to harass and to hold up these requests for tax-exempt status. I think we need to know who they are and whether they violated the law. Clearly someone violated the law." Later in the day on May 15, 2013, President Obama announced that his Treasury Secretary had requested and accepted Acting Commissioner Miller's resignation. 499:. The IRS's Cincinnati office responded with the documents from 31 of the groups. Of the 31 groups, nine were confidential applications of conservative groups that had not yet been approved and therefore were not supposed to be publicly disclosed. ProPublica made six of these applications public, "after redacting their financial information, deeming that they were newsworthy." ProPublica had made a records request to the office seeking only completed applications, which are public information. 683: 1085:, Cummings said, "Based upon everything I've seen, the case is solved. And if it were me, I would wrap this case up and move on." Oversight Committee Chairman Issa responded in a statement, "The testimony excerpts Ranking Member Cummings revealed today did not provide anything enlightening or contradict other witness accounts. The only thing Ranking Member Cummings left clear in his comments today is that if it were up to him the investigation would be closed." 370:-leaning organizations whose names included terms such as "progressive", "progress", "liberal", or "equality". However, the IRS also selected several progressive- or Democratic-leaning organizations for increased scrutiny. An affiliate of the liberal group Emerge America had its request for tax-exempt status denied, leading to a review (and the eventual revocation) of the larger Emerge America organization's tax-exempt status. The conservative 691: 674:, responded by saying that "this report reinforces what government watchdogs and congressional investigators have confirmed time and time again: Bureaucrats at the I.R.S., such as Lois Lerner, arbitrarily and haphazardly administered the tax code and targeted taxpayers based on political ideology." Regardless of reaction, the release of the report brought to an end the last formal governmental investigation into the IRS practice. 1160:(FBI) announced that it had found no evidence warranting the filing of federal criminal charges in connection with the affair. The FBI stated it found no evidence of "enemy hunting" of the kind that had been suspected, but that the investigation did reveal the IRS to be a mismanaged bureaucracy enforcing rules that IRS personnel did not fully understand. The officials indicated, however, that the investigation is continuing. 851:

Consequently, liberal reactions to the controversy have shifted considerably from the initial condemnation and calls for investigation to descriptions of the controversy as the "Vanishing I.R.S. Scandal," and suggestions that subsequent revelations represent a "nail in the coffin" and the controversy's "fizzl". On June 9, 2013, less than a month after the initial revelation, House Oversight Committee ranking member

1077:, not necessarily the number of times Shulman actually arrived; visitor sign-in logs can confirm only 11 visits between 2009 and 2012, though the number is likely higher because the sign-in system does not capture every visitor, particularly at large events. Shulman was regularly scheduled for events like the biweekly health-care deputies meeting that would have had a standing list of people cleared to attend. 1097:

drive containing Lerner's missing emails had been disposed of more than two years prior. Some commentators have raised legal issues concerning how the IRS handled these federal records. A National Archives and Records Administration spokesperson said in an email communication that: "The Office of the Chief Records Officer for the U.S. Government has contacted the IRS to explore specifics of the situation."

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March 2012, the senators asked the IRS to clearly define the amount of political activity that is permissible for "social welfare" groups under 501(c)(4) rules, to require the groups to document in their IRS filings the exact percentage of their activity that is dedicated to "social welfare", and to require the groups to notify their donors of what percentage of donations could be claimed for

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in two other regional offices had also been involved in scrutinizing conservative groups and that selected applicants said that they had been told their applications were being overseen by a task force in Washington, D.C. The Treasury Inspector General for Tax Administration report showed that Lerner herself had been informed of the affair at a meeting that she had attended on June 29, 2011.

748:'s Washington Legislative Office, said, "Even the appearance of playing partisan politics with the tax code is about as constitutionally troubling as it gets. With the recent push to grant federal agencies broad new powers to mandate donor disclosure for advocacy groups on both the left and the right, there must be clear checks in place to prevent this from ever happening again." 385:"Emerging Issues" category by IRS reviewers, which was a category flagged for additional questioning. He stated that "Rather than the Nixonian conspiracy that George Will and The Wall Street Journal editorial page so darkly warned about—with zero evidence—you have a routine bureaucratic procedure meant to bundle potentially problematic applicants together for further review." 459:

opinions with scientific or medical facts. Please explain in detail the activities at these prayer meetings. Also, please provide the percentage of time your group spends on prayer groups as compared with other activities of the organization." While questioning then-Acting Commissioner of the IRS, Steven T. Miller, on May 17, 2013, Congressman

389:"liberal-sounding name" ("Greenhouse Solutions"), that application was approved in three weeks. Ryun has stated he believes that Greenhouse Solutions benefited from its name (although the quick approval might also be due to the fact that Greenhouse Solutions was already operating as a nonprofit and was already on-file with the IRS.) 511:, which were involved in the 2008 election cycle. The goal of the audit was to assess whether or not gift taxes needed to be paid on these donors' donations to Freedom's Watch. The Congressional Research Service said that the audit was legally well-founded, as tax law exempts only 501(c)(3) and 527 groups from gift taxes. However, 564:

Secretary Lew to hold those responsible for these failures accountable, and to make sure that each of the Inspector General's recommendations are implemented quickly, so that such conduct never happens again. But regardless of how this conduct was allowed to take place, the bottom line is, it was wrong." Attorney General

422:. In one instance, the IRS asked for "summaries or copies of all material passed out at meetings." Several letters asked for "copies of the groups' Web pages, blog posts and social media postings." Organizations were informed that if they did not provide the information sought, they would not be certified as tax-exempt. 928:(NOM) filed a federal lawsuit, alleging that the IRS intentionally leaked its 2008 tax return, including donor lists, in violation of federal law. The lawsuit arose from the March 2012 disclosure of NOM's tax return information, including its 2008 IRS Form 990, Schedule B, which contains donor data, to the 759:) said, "We should not only fire the head of the IRS, which has occurred, but we've got to go down the line and find every single person who had anything to do with this and make sure that they are removed from the IRS and the word goes out that this is unacceptable." There were rallies by members of the 658:, stated "After years of baseless claims and false accusations it is my hope Republicans will finally put an end to this witch hunt and admit that their attacks on the I.R.S. were nothing but political grandstanding on behalf of special interests at the expense of American taxpayers." In contrast, the 992:

about the allegations in 2012. Shulman told the committee that the agency was not targeting conservative groups. After Shulman denied that the IRS was unfairly targeting conservative groups, the congressional committee ended the 2012 phase of the investigation. Shulman resigned his post in late 2012,

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Justice Department settled two lawsuits filed by conservative groups that said they were targeted in the controversy. One of these lawsuits was filed on behalf of 428 groups, and the other was filed on behalf of 41 groups. The settlement included payments of $ 3.5 million to these groups, an apology,

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found that from 2004 to 2013, the IRS used both conservative and liberal keywords to choose targets for further scrutiny, blunting claims that the issue had been an Obama-era partisan scandal. The 115-page report confirmed the findings of the prior 2013 report that some conservative organizations had

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rather than during an appearance two days earlier before the House Ways & Means Committee in Congress.) She asserted that the extra scrutiny had not been centrally planned and had been done by lower-level "front line people" in the Cincinnati office. Media reports soon revealed that IRS officials

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presidential campaign events and handed out Romney "door hangers" while canvassing neighborhoods. Former IRS officials and tax experts say this type of behavior would provide a "legitimate basis" for additional scrutiny. Ohio State University law professor Donald Tobin said: "While some of the I.R.S.

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The Treasury Inspector General for Tax Administration's audit found (page 14): "For the 296 potential political cases we reviewed, as of December 17, 2012, 108 applications had been approved, 28 were withdrawn by the applicant, none had been denied, and 160 cases were open from 206 to 1,138 calendar

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In October 2015, the Justice Department notified Congress that there would be no charges against the former IRS official Lois Lerner or against anyone else in the IRS. The investigation found no evidence of illegal activity or the partisan targeting of political groups and found that no IRS official

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On September 5, 2014, the IRS said it lost additional emails of five workers under congressional investigation, blaming computer crashes. These five workers include two people based in Cincinnati who worked on Tea Party cases; according to the IRS the crashes all predate congressional investigations

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The IRS used inappropriate criteria that identified for review Tea Party and other organizations applying for tax-exempt status based upon their names or policy positions instead of indications of potential political campaign intervention. Ineffective management: 1) allowed inappropriate criteria to

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Nonprofit organizations dedicated to social welfare are not required to apply for IRS certification in order to operate under Section 501(c)(4) tax exemption rules. However, being certified by the IRS can help organizations attract more donations and provide some protection against further scrutiny.

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While the report contained many bipartisan findings, Republican and Democratic committee members offered separate reports differing sharply on the ultimate reason for the IRS's failures. The Republican report (entitled "Additional View of Senator Hatch Prepared by Republican Staff") stated that the

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On December 23, 2014, Chairman Issa's staff released a new report that found that "he IRS's inability to keep politics out of objective decisions about interpretation of the tax code damaged its primary function: an apolitical tax collector that Americans can trust to treat them fairly." The report

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agreed with Issa. Gowdy stated: "She just waived her Fifth Amendment right. You don't get to tell your side of the story and then not be subjected to cross examination—that's not the way it works. She waived her right to Fifth Amendment privilege by issuing an opening statement. She ought to stand

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Media Trackers, a conservative organization, applied to the IRS for recognition of tax-exempt status, and received no response after waiting 16 months. When the organization's founder, Drew Ryun, applied for permanent tax-exempt status for an existing tax-exempt organization with what he said was a

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Beginning in March 2010, the IRS more closely scrutinized certain organizations applying for tax-exempt status under sections 501(c)(3) and 501(c)(4) of the Internal Revenue Code by focusing on groups with certain words in their names. In May 2010, some employees of the "Determinations Unit" of the

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wrote, "We urge you to protect legitimate section 501(c)(4) entities by preventing non-conforming organizations that are focused on federal election activities from abusing the tax code." The senators also urged the IRS to issue new rules to prevent this type of abuse. In a follow-up letter sent in

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On October 27, 2015, the IRS stated that the agency did not have an immediate comment on the impeachment resolution. Representative Cummings said in a statement: "This ridiculous resolution will demonstrate nothing but the Republican obsession with diving into investigative rabbit holes that waste

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On June 13, 2014, the IRS notified Republican congressional investigators that it had lost Lerner's emails from January 2009 to April 2011 because of a mid-2011 computer crash. The emails were under subpoena as part of the congressional investigation. On June 19, the IRS said that the damaged hard

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for refusing to cooperate with the Congressional investigation. House Republicans dismissed Lerner's invocation of the Fifth Amendment as ineffective, with Issa stating: "You don't get to use a public hearing to tell the public and press your side of the story and then invoke the Fifth." Democrats

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On June 24, 2013, new IRS commissioner Danny Werfel revealed that an internal investigation had discovered that the inappropriate screening was both broader and longer-lasting than had previously been known. The report found that words such as "Israel", "progressive" and "Occupy" were also used as

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reported that Marcus Owens, head of the IRS department examining tax-exempt groups in 1990–1999, said that the IRS routinely categorized similar groups that sought the status of social welfare organizations. At a May 13 press conference, President Obama called the charges "outrageous" if true, and

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in January 2012, "The overriding challenge facing the I.R.S. is that its workload has grown significantly in recent years, while its funding is being cut.... This is causing the I.R.S. to resort to shortcuts that undermine fundamental taxpayer rights and harm taxpayers—and at the same time reduces

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They include 501(c)(4) "social welfare" organizations, like Crossroads, which has been the top spender on Senate races, and Americans for Prosperity, another pro-Republican group that has been the leader on the House side; 501(c)(5) labor unions, which have been supporting Democrats; and 501(c)(6)

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Internal Revenue Service rules also protect groups organized under Section 501(c)(4) as nonprofit organizations dedicated to social welfare from having to reveal the names of their donors or the amount of funds the individual donors have contributed. This protection dates back to the United States

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issued a report, which concluded that although some liberal groups were selected for additional review, the scrutiny that these groups received did not amount to targeting when compared to the greater scrutiny received by conservative groups. The report was criticized by the committee's Democratic

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by stating that the IRS was "apologetic" for what she termed "absolutely inappropriate" actions. (Lerner's superior, then-Acting IRS Commissioner Steven Miller, later testified to Congress that he had discussed with Lerner how she was to make the revelation and apology by answering a pre-arranged

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reported in 2011 that a number of non-profit news organizations saw their applications delayed for years after being flagged for additional review. In 2013, Chittum linked that scrutiny to the investigation, reporting that non-profit news organizations and Tea Party groups were placed in the same

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Over the two years between April 2010 and April 2012, the IRS essentially placed on hold the processing of applications for 501(c)(4) tax-exemption status received from organizations with "Tea Party", "patriots", or "9/12" in their names. While apparently none of these organizations' applications

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and submitted for the subcommittee's Democrats, concurred with TIGTA's finding that inappropriate screening criteria were used but concluded that there was no intentional wrongdoing or political bias in the use of the criteria. The majority faulted TIGTA for omitting from its report that liberal

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On June 9, 2013, Rep. Cummings released portions of an interview transcript in which an anonymous IRS manager who described himself as a "conservative Republican" told Congressional investigators that he had initiated the selected reviews without any involvement from the White House and that the

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IRS had targeted Tea Party groups for "politically motivated reasons," while the Democratic report (entitled "Additional View of Senator Wyden Prepared by Democratic Staff") blamed the agency's failures on "gross mismanagement" that treated groups in the same poor manner regardless of ideology.

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On July 9, 2014, Republicans released an April 13, 2013 email from Lerner in which she cautioned colleagues to "be cautious about what we say in emails," citing congressional inquiries. The email did not specify which congressional inquiries Lerner was concerned about and made no mention of the

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While conservatives and Republican politicians have generally continued to view the IRS's conduct as indicative of politically motivated targeting, many liberal commentators and Democratic politicians quickly came to believe that while the conduct was improper, it was not motivated by politics.

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The list, first distributed in August 2010, suggested intensive scrutiny of applicants with names related to a number of political causes, including names related to the Tea Party movement and other conservative causes. Eventually, IRS employees in Ohio, California, and Washington, D.C. applied

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Between 2010 and 2012, the number of applications the IRS received each year seeking 501(c)(4) certification doubled. During this period, budget cuts and personnel cuts reduced the IRS's ability to adequately perform its core duties. When the Obama administration requested in 2011 that Congress

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Another unidentified applicant was asked to "Please provide copies of all your current web pages, including your Blog posts. Please provide copies of all of your newsletters, bulletins, flyers, newsletters or any other media or literature you have disseminated to your members or others. Please

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Letter dated October 23, 2015, from Peter J. Kadzik, Assistant Attorney General, Office of Legislative Affairs, U.S. Department of Justice, to The Honorable Bob Goodlatte, Chairman, Committee on the Judiciary, U.S. House of Representatives, and The Honorable John Conyers, Jr., Ranking Member,

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The Treasury Inspector General for Tax Administration found that inappropriate criteria had been used by IRS personnel to select certain applications for tax exemption status for further review and that inappropriate procedures were applied against organizations based on their names or policy

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On May 14, the Inspector General's audit report was made public. President Obama released a statement saying, "The IRS must apply the law in a fair and impartial way, and its employees must act with utmost integrity. This report shows that some of its employees failed that test. I've directed

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The Coalition for Life of Iowa, a group opposed to abortion rights, was asked to "Please explain how all of your activities, including the prayer meetings held outside of Planned Parenthood are considered educational as defined under 501(c)(3). Organizations exempt under 501(c)(3) may present

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In October 2017, the Trump administration agreed to settle a lawsuit filed on behalf of more than four hundred conservative nonprofit groups who claimed that they had been discriminated against by the Internal Revenue Service for an undisclosed amount described by plaintiffs' counsel as "very

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Although Crossroads GPS is organized as a self-declared 501(c)(4) organization, its application reportedly had not yet been approved by mid-May 2013 when the Treasury Department Inspector General for Tax audit report was released, and Organizing for Action had not applied for IRS tax-exempt

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An NBC News/Wall Street Journal poll conducted May 30 to June 2, 2013, found that 55% of respondents believed that the controversy raises questions about the Obama administration's honesty and integrity. This poll found 33% of respondents blamed Obama directly for the actions underlying the

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The letter from the Treasury Department Inspector General for Tax Administration revealed that there just weren't many progressive groups who even sought special tax exempt status. A total of 20 sought it, and six were probed. All 292 Tea Party groups, meanwhile, were part of the IRS

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On May 22, 2013, in her opening statement to the Oversight Committee, Lois Lerner stated: "I have not broken any laws. I have not violated any IRS rules or regulations. And I have not provided false information to this or any other congressional committee." Lerner then invoked her

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dismissed most of NOM's claims. While the IRS acknowledged that it had improperly made an unredacted copy of NOM's tax information public, NOM provided "no evidence that the information was willfully disclosed or the result of gross negligence." In June 2014, the IRS reached a

40:(IRS), under the Obama administration, revealed that it had selected political groups applying for tax-exempt status for intensive scrutiny based on their names or political themes. This led to wide condemnation of the agency and triggered several investigations, including a 93:, told Fox News that its investigation had found no evidence so far warranting the filing of federal criminal charges in connection with the controversy, as it had not found any evidence of "enemy hunting", and that the investigation continued. On October 23, 2015, the 1054:

took a different view, arguing: "You can't simply make statements about a subject and then plead the Fifth in response to questions about the very same subject," and asserting, "nce you open the door to an area of inquiry, you have waived your Fifth Amendment right."

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was criticized by Rep. Cummings as "cherry-picked" to support a political narrative. The report did not link the IRS's conduct to coordination with the White House, though Republicans stressed that the investigation is ongoing and will continue in the next Congress.

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increase the IRS's $ 12.1 billion budget by $ 1 billion to allow the agency to hire 5,100 additional agents, Congress instead reduced the IRS budget to $ 11.8 billion, and the IRS offered buyouts to 5,400 of its 95,000 employees. The U.S. National Taxpayer Advocate,

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attempted to obstruct justice. The DOJ investigation did find evidence of mismanagement and Lerner's poor judgement in using her IRS account for personal messages but said "...poor management is not a crime." In September 2017, the DOJ declined a request from the

6314:"The Administration's Proposed Restrictions on Political Speech: Doubling Down on IRS Targeting: Hearing before the Subcommittee on Economic Growth, Job Creation and Regulatory Affairs of the Committee on Oversight and Government Reform, House of Representatives" 1229:

wrote, "For a scandal that is frequently derided as 'fake,' it is amazing how often real evidence disappears. The disappearing act is so frequent, it is reasonable to wonder whether it is really a systematic attempt to destroy evidence of abuse of power." An IRS

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On May 22, 2013, former IRS Commissioner Doug Shulman testified that he had frequently visited the White House during 2010–2011, but he denied having discussed the targeting of conservatives with anyone in the White House. His testimony was criticized by several

138:), exempts certain types of nonprofit organizations from having to pay federal income tax. The statutory language of IRC 501(c)(4) generally requires civic organizations described in that section to be "operated exclusively for the promotion of social welfare". 793:

stated that the controversy had taken "the last arrow in your pro-governance quiver," he further said that this threw doubt on President Obama's "managerial competence" and had proven correct "conspiracy theorists," moving the burden of proof onto federal

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substantial." The Trump administration also agreed to settle a second lawsuit brought by forty-one conservative organizations with an apology and an admission from the IRS that subjecting them to "heightened scrutiny and inordinate delays" was wrongful.

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states that a November 2010 version of the IRS's BOLO list indicates that liberal and conservative groups were in fact treated differently because liberal groups could be approved for tax-exempt status by line agents, while tea party groups could not.

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reported that several organizations selected for scrutiny by the IRS engaged in activities that could be construed as political. The Ohio Liberty Coalition, whose application was delayed in excess of two years, sent emails to their members regarding

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The Inspector General concluded, "although the IRS has taken some action, it will need to do more so that the public has reasonable assurance that applications are processed without unreasonable delay in a fair and impartial manner in the future."

288:. The senators promised to introduce legislation to accomplish these aims if the IRS did not do so itself by promptly issuing new administrative rules. None of these letters called for the targeting of groups on the basis of political ideology. 940:

to ban same-sex marriage). Under U.S. federal law, "the IRS is required to provide the public with certain tax information for 501(c)(4) organizations upon request—but personal identifying information of donors must be redacted by the agency."

1219:, Thomas Kane, Deputy Assistant Chief Counsel for the IRS, wrote in a sworn declaration that Lerner's Blackberry was "removed or wiped clean of any sensitive or proprietary information and removed as scrap for disposal in June 2012." In a 1117:

groups were also selected for additional screening and that previous TIGTA inquiries found no indication of political bias at the IRS. The subcommittee's Republican minority submitted a dissenting report authored by ranking member Senator

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red-flags for greater scrutiny, and that screeners were still using such lists up until May 2013. A spokesman for the Inspector General's office in charge of the IRS audit said they had been asked by House Oversight Chairman Darrell Issa (

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and other media reports, asked the IRS to investigate to ensure that nonprofit organizations engaged in political activity were complying with IRS rules and not abusing their tax-exempt status. Republican senators on the finance committee

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that any personal folders containing Lerner's emails were unlikely to have been on the Blackberry as, if they had been, then IT employees "wouldn't have been jumping through all the hoops to recover data from drive" in June 2011.

4029: 905:, filed a lawsuit claiming that her organization's tax-exempt status was unfairly delayed for three years, and alleging that she and her family's small manufacturing business were chosen for retaliatory investigations by the IRS, 1124:

On November 22, 2014, a spokesman for the House Oversight and Government Reform Committee's Republican majority stated that TIGTA investigators told Congress that they had recovered up to 30,000 emails to and from Lois Lerner.

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Almost all of the biggest players among third-party groups, in terms of buying television time in House and Senate races since August, have been 501(c) organizations, and their purchases have heavily favored Republicans....

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of Texas released a video titled "A Culture of Intimidation" and a website called "IRS targeting Texans" with multiple stories from conservatives in Texas and elsewhere who had received intrusive questions from the IRS.

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Provide the following information for the income you received and raised for the years from inception to the present. Also, provide the same information for the income you expect to receive and raise for 2012, 2013, and

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called "overreaching and impossible to comply with". Documentation requested varied among different groups but, in some cases, included copies of "any contracts" or "training material" the groups may have exchanged with

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Senate and House Democrats in early 2012 continued to press the IRS to investigate abuses of 501(c)(4) tax-exempt status by organizations engaged in political activity. In a February 2012 letter to then-IRS Commissioner

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On May 12, Republican and Democratic lawmakers called for a full investigation of the Internal Revenue Service, while White House Press Secretary Jay Carney called the IRS's alleged actions "inappropriate". On May 13,

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interpreting this statutory language apply a more relaxed standard, namely, that the organization "is operated primarily for the purpose of bringing about civic betterments and social improvements". As a result, the

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magazine that Gowdy's assertion was "extremely imaginative" but "mistaken" because a person who is involuntarily summoned before a grand jury or a legislative body may selectively invoke the right to silence.

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The names of the donors, contributors, and grantors. If the donor, contributor, or grantor has run or will run for a public office, identify the office. If not, please confirm by answering this question

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Cincinnati office of the IRS, which is tasked with reviewing applications pertaining to tax-exempt status, began developing a spreadsheet that became known as the "Be On the Look Out" ("BOLO") list.

863:) stated: "Based upon everything I've seen, the case is solved. And if it were me, I would wrap this case up and move on." Following an investigation by the Senate Finance Committee, ranking member 1121:

which broadly validated the TIGTA report and accused the majority of minimizing bias against conservative groups, noting that most of the groups targeted for additional scrutiny were conservative.

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positions. According to the audit, beginning early in 2010, front-line IRS agents violated IRS policy by failing to handle tax matters in an impartial manner that would promote public confidence:

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organization. Z Street had complained that its 2009 application for US tax-exempt status, which was granted in 2016, had been unduly scrutinized because of the group's connection to Israel.

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traditionally has permitted organizations described in IRC 501(c)(4) to engage in lobbying and political campaign activities if those activities are not the organization's primary activity.

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tens of millions of taxpayer dollars while having absolutely no positive impact on a single American. Calling this resolution a 'stunt' or a 'joke' would be insulting to stunts and jokes."

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said: "There is a reasonable fear by all of us, by any of us, that the kind of power the IRS has could be misused," she further said that this scrutiny of Tea Party groups was "not fair."

4257: 4086: 4690: 1934: 20: 4143: 5458: 3474: 4109: 997: 2976: 2349: 5130: 2383: 6243: 4983:"DOJ settles with pro-Israel group for delay in its tax exempt status: While mum on the settlement's details, Justice Department says it includes apology from IRS to Z Street" 3586: 4910: 593:

described the audit report as having found that some IRS employees were "ignorant about tax laws, defiant of their supervisors and blind to the appearance of impropriety".

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released an audit report confirming that the IRS used inappropriate criteria to identify potential political cases, including organizations with Tea Party in their names.

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On May 15, 2013, the House Oversight Committee requested that Holly Paz, John Shafer, Gary Muther, Liz Hofacre and Joseph Herraz be interviewed beginning May 20, 2013.

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The Internal Revenue Service's Processing of 501(c)(3) and 501(c)(4) Applications for Tax-Exempt Status Submitted by "Political Advocacy" Organizations From 2010-2013

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The Internal Revenue Service's Processing of 501(c)(3) and 501(c)(4) Applications for Tax-Exempt Status Submitted by "Political Advocacy" Organizations From 2010-2013

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If you did not receive or do not expect to receive any donation, contribution, and grant income, please confirm by answering "None received" and/or "None expected".

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later asserted that Lerner had waived her Fifth Amendment rights by giving partial testimony and that he intended to call her back into the hearings. Congressman

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advocacy group, and to the media. (The disclosure revealed that Romney had given $ 10,000 to NOM, an advocacy group which was created in support of California's

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to independently investigate the allegations of wrongdoing. Pollster Peter A. Brown said there was "overwhelming bipartisan support" for such an investigation.

815:: "It didn't seem like they had a sense of urgency about it, a real sense of outrage," and further; "This is outrageous no matter what political party you are." 5181: 2664: 2171: 6302:"The IRS's Systematic Delay and Scrutiny of Tea Party Applications: Hearing before the Committee on Oversight and Government Reform, House of Representatives" 5294: 6217: 5377: 5325: 2638: 5655: 2914: 4609: 2040: 1578: 910: 214:

as offshoots of their 501(c)-tax-exempt organizations. By late September 2010, tax-exempt non-profit groups had spent in excess of $ 100 million on the

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expanded its ongoing 2011 investigation into possible IRS political targeting to include the BOLO ("be on the lookout") keyword targeting allegations.

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were denied during this period, only 4 were approved. During the same general period, the agency approved applications from several dozen presumably

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controversy. The poll also found the public's confidence in the IRS to be low, with just 10% of respondents expressing confidence in the agency.

663: 90: 4382: 3619: 2944: 198: 4265: 4078: 2720: 3846: 1793: 1621: 906: 4174: 1088:

On May 7, 2014, on a near party-line vote (with six Democrats joining all Republicans) the House of Representatives voted to hold Lerner in

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rights, and they asked that a Treasury Department inspector general conduct a review of any such investigation to ensure its impartiality.

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announced that he had ordered the Justice Department to begin an investigation into whether the activities amounted to criminal behavior.

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In January 2015, the United States Senate requested that the White House produce all communications it has had with the IRS since 2010.

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Steven T. Miller, Acting Commissioner of Internal Revenue and Deputy Commissioner for Services and Enforcement resigned on May 15, 2013

355: 4982: 4937: 2357: 5778: 5602: 3309: 2393: 2230:"Senators call for IRS investigations into potential abuse of tax-exempt status by organizations groups engaged in campaign activity" 1402: 655: 331:", "progressive," "occupy," "Israel," "open source software," "medical marijuana" and "occupied territory advocacy" in the case file; 6126: 3596: 2772: 2619: 957:

over NOM's remaining claims of improper disclosure of confidential tax information, in which the IRS agreed to pay $ 50,000 to NOM.

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were failing to provide adequate oversight for 501(c) nonprofit organizations that were pouring money into political campaigns. As

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minority, which said that the report ignored evidence that the IRS used keywords to identify both liberal and conservative groups.

52: 5489: 5432: 4716: 2449: 1767: 737:, after he was appointed Acting IRS Commissioner following Miller's resignation. When Lerner refused to resign, she was placed on 639:

been unfairly targeted, but also found that the pattern of misconduct had been ongoing since 2004 and was non-partisan in nature.

58:

in 2017 found that from 2004 to 2013, the IRS used both conservative and liberal keywords to choose targets for further scrutiny.

2533: 2259:"Senate Democrats urge IRS to impose strict cap on political spending by nonprofit groups--vow legislation if agency doesn't act" 1493: 1326: 1660: 5732: 5153: 3966: 3737: 1170: 1101:

then-impending TIGTA report. Republicans said that this email suggested that Lerner tried to hide evidence from investigators.

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filed a lawsuit against the IRS to stop the tradition of allowing groups engaged in politics to be registered under 501(c)(4).

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Treasury Inspector General for Tax Administration Michael McKenney, Acting Deputy Inspector General for Audit (May 14, 2013).

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questions may have been overbroad, you can look at some of these groups and understand why these questions were being asked."

3257: 1256: 896: 1715: 767:, as well as across the country protesting selective targeting by the IRS of conservative groups seeking tax-exempt status. 5911:

Bipartisan Investigative Report as Submitted by Chairman Hatch and Ranking Member Wyden, p. 6, from Senate Report 114-119,

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trade associations, like the United States Chamber of Commerce, which has been spending heavily in support of Republicans.

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Lois Lerner, the Internal Revenue Service official at the center of the controversy, retired effective September 23, 2013.

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Selected groups complained to various members of Congress. In response, a congressional committee asked IRS Commissioner

94: 4800: 3008:"IRS Asked a Pro-Life Group About Its Prayers – But The Acting Commissioner Doesn't Think Any of This Stuff is Illegal!" 733:

Lawmakers also called for the resignation of Lois Lerner, who ran the IRS's section on tax-exempt organizations, as did

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and allowed nearly unlimited and often anonymous spending by corporations and other groups to influence elections. Some

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released its report on the controversy. The subcommittee's majority report, authored by subcommittee chairman Senator

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On May 10, in advance of the public release of the audit findings, Director of the IRS Exempt Organizations division

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had also triggered additional scrutiny, but at a lower rate than conservative groups. The Republican majority on the

62: 4963: 2205:"2012 Franken letters asked IRS to investigate all social welfare groups engaged in "substantial" campaign activity" 4666: 856: 719: 659: 643: 609: 464: 267:

responded to Baucus' request by writing to the IRS that they were worried this kind of investigation would violate

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At least as early as mid-2011, higher-ranking IRS officials knew that conservative groups were being scrutinized.

51:. Conservatives claimed that they were specifically targeted by the IRS, but an exhaustive report released by the 5574: 3992: 2172:"Welch leads 32 Democrats in effort to crack down on Wild West campaign atmosphere in post-Citizens United world" 1157: 70: 41: 4288: 2292: 491:

requested information from the IRS on 67 nonprofit groups that had spent money on the 2012 elections, including

3335: 1063:. Some media outlets and lawmakers asserted that Shulman had visited the White House up to 157 times; however, 215: 45: 1882: 1988: 1847:"Supreme Court strikes down law limiting corporate campaign spending; Citizens United Case reverses 1912 law" 5979: 5548: 3868: 2692: 176:, organized to promote President Obama's legislative priorities, and the conservative advocacy organization 5004: 4203: 3909: 3650: 3064: 1070: 348: 218:

elections, more than double the expenditure from a similar point in the election cycle four years earlier.

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Joseph H. Grant, commissioner of the Tax Exempt and Government Entities Division, retired on June 3, 2013

230: 211: 5681: 4521: 4079:"Obama announces acting IRS commissioner Steven Miller's ouster as White House works to contain scandal" 4349: 2697: 435:

a. Donations, contributions, and grant income for each year, which includes the following information:

381: 344: 98: 157:, when the Court held that disclosure of names could render private donors vulnerable to retaliation. 4486: 3591: 2478: 1299:

reported on May 14, 2013, "None of the Republican groups have said their applications were rejected."

78: 6191: 5629: 4938:"Justice Department admits IRS wrongdoing, agrees to $ 3.5 million settlement with tea party groups" 4547: 4459: 3851: 3420: 3033:"IRS Questions Pro-Life Organization Over Its Involvement with '40 Days for Life' and 'Life Chain'" 2860: 2721:"Conservative group says IRS approved nonprofit status after applying with 'liberal-sounding name'" 2423: 695: 545: 144: 37: 6159:"House Republicans, in last-ditch effort, move to impeach IRS commissioner over targeting scandal" 1908: 1093:

characterized the contempt proceeding as a "witch hunt" geared toward the 2014 midterm elections.

4552: 3069: 1959: 1250: 764: 484: 419: 6218:"IRS lawyer: Lois Lerner's BlackBerry deliberately destroyed after start of congressional probe" 443:

The amounts of each of the donations, contributions, and grants and the dates you received them.

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outlined issues in the application that included government spending, government debt, or taxes;

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In 2011, audit letters were sent to five donors to a now-defunct conservative 501(c)(4) group,

5807: 2269: 2204: 1690:"IRS Office That Targeted Tea Party Also Disclosed Confidential Docs From Conservative Groups" 822:

said: "This is tyranny," and talked of "unspeakable" abuses by the IRS. "This time it's real."

5268: 5125: 3914: 929: 827: 173: 131: 127: 3446: 2117: 3564: 2799:"IRS Tea Party investigations: The Internal Revenue Service's targeted conservative groups" 1089: 961: 738: 410:

Some flagged organizations were required to provide further documentation in requests that

139: 5888:"Repatriation? Not so fast—Letters galore bring bad news for IRS—Kasich proposes tax cuts" 8: 5290: 5158: 5097: 4967: 4464: 4377: 4024: 3869:"IRS Investigator: Tea Party Groups Were Scrutinized More Than Progressive Organizations" 3794: 2981: 2972: 2919: 1041: 555: 472: 4743:"Karl Rove's Dark Money Group Promised IRS It Would Spend 'Limited' Money on Elections" 4293: 3313: 2263: 2014: 1331: 1253:- list from Nixon administration accused of being used to target people with IRS audits 1194: 1047: 1036: 1016: 989: 835: 760: 508: 324: 207: 193: 66: 28: 1503: 560:

said that anyone found to be responsible for such actions should be held accountable.

4691:"Conservative group True the Vote sues IRS over being subject to heightened scrutiny" 1336: 1032: 831: 601: 5952:"Officials say no evidence criminal charges warranted so far in IRS targeting probe" 2915:"Congress Receives Irrefutable Evidence of IRS Harassment of Pro-Life Organizations" 2324:"Budget cuts hamper the I.R.S. in efforts to collect billions in taxes, report says" 2066:"Baucus calls on IRS to investigate use of tax-exempt groups for political activity" 867:

stated: "You are not going to find a partisan political scandal or proof of life on

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said the allegations were an "outrageous abuse of power," and West Virginia senator

135: 5956: 5525: 5214: 3536: 3503:"IRS watchdog takes turn in hot seat, challenged for keeping scandal from Congress" 3475:"Criminal probe of IRS launched as report details targeting of conservative groups" 2949: 2803: 1939: 1226: 1197: 1181:

Four days after the Justice Department closed its investigation, 19 members of the

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wrote that this was: "A truly Nixonian abuse of power by the Obama administration."

752: 723: 203: 160: 153: 6274: 4986: 3873: 2669: 1624:"Inappropriate Criteria Were Used to Identify Tax-Exempt Applications for Review" 1407: 1366:"Review of Selected Criteria Used to Identify Tax-Exempt Applications for Review" 1363: 1236: 1051: 852: 819: 718:

From May 13 to 15, several senators and congressional representatives called for

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On August 5, 2015, the Senate Finance Committee released Senate Report 114-119,

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How did you use these donations, contributions, and grants? Provide the details.

6102:"DOJ denies GOP request to reopen case against former IRS official Lois Lerner" 4495: 3366: 3104: 2567: 2508:"IRS officials in Washington were involved in targeting of conservative groups" 2388: 2234: 1216: 1186: 945: 496: 285: 222: 177: 2665:"'Lookout List' Not Much Broader Than Originally Thought, Contrary to Reports" 1069:

reported that that represented the number of times Shulman was cleared by the

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Tea Party members across the U.S. demonstrated at IRS offices on May 21, 2013.

6329: 5459:"IRS says it's unable to recover subpoenaed Lerner e-mails in computer crash" 3003: 2594:"I.R.S. approved dozens of Tea Party groups following Congressional scrutiny" 1583: 1498: 1340: 1200: 937: 902: 783: 734: 512: 340:

had statements in the case file that criticized how the country is being run;

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Citizens United ruling & Congressional requests for 501(c) investigations

3587:"New Oversight Report Debunks Myth that Liberal Groups were Targeted by IRS" 2945:"IRS reportedly grilled pro-life group about the 'content of their prayers'" 2102: 455:

provide copies of stories and articles that have been published about you."

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declared that no criminal charges would be filed. On September 8, 2017, the

6037:"Justice Department: No criminal charges for Lerner, others in IRS scandal" 5733:"Investigators into IRS scandal may have recovered lost Lois Lerner emails" 5299: 5207:"Former IRS head "absolutely sure" he did not inform WH of targeting probe" 2477:

Carter, Chelsea J.; Griffin, Drew & Fitzpatrick, David (May 16, 2013).

1065: 1023: 727: 620: 460: 328: 226: 2041:"Senate Democrats press I.R.S. to review political spending by nonprofits" 682: 4517: 2891: 2176: 1118: 933: 798: 790: 771: 712: 667: 565: 536: 414: 398: 337:

involved advocating or lobbying to "make America a better place to live";

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the I.R.S.'s ability to deliver on its core mission of raising revenue."

260: 102: 86: 48: 4860:"Justice Department Settles With Tea Party Groups After I.R.S. Scrutiny" 4373:"Senator: 'Culture of Intimidation' at IRS Targeted Texas Conservatives" 3790:"Treasury: IRS targeted 292 Tea Party groups, just 6 progressive groups" 2856:"Weirdest IRS Questions for the Tea Party: Views, Donors, and Etymology" 2147:"Senate Democrats demanded stricter IRS standards for tax-exempt groups" 1364:

Treasury Inspector General for Tax Administration (September 28, 2017).

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extra scrutiny was not politically motivated. In an appearance on CNN's

19:"IRS scandal" redirects here. For other scandals involving the IRS, see 6012:"No criminal charges will be filed against ex-IRS official Lois Lerner" 5708:"Senate panel hits auditor but clears IRS of bias in targeting scandal" 5182:"Dershowitz: IRS official Lerner 'can be held in contempt' of Congress" 5121:"Issa: IRS' Lerner Waived Fifth Amendment Right, Likely to be Recalled" 5093:"Lois Lerner invokes Fifth Amendment in House hearing on IRS targeting" 4911:"Justice Department settles with conservative groups over IRS scrutiny" 3179: 1822:"How nonprofits spend millions on elections and call it public welfare" 1431:"Justice Department Settles With Tea Part Groups After I.R.S. Scrutiny" 1403:"Trump DOJ declines to charge Lois Lerner, a key figure in IRS scandal" 1113: 1027: 969: 812: 805: 708: 613: 488: 471:), referring to a report by the conservative, non-profit law firm, the 309: 251: 1494:"IRS To Look At Political Activity of Section 501(c)(4) Organizations" 726:, to resign or be fired. The Speaker of the House of Representatives, 6313: 6301: 4258:"McCaskill Calls For Firing Of All Involved In IRS Targeting Scandal" 3620:"IG: Audit of IRS actions limited to Tea Party groups at GOP request" 2097: 1221: 864: 647: 492: 181: 123: 3967:"Top Dem tax-writer Levin calls for IRS officials to resign (video)" 690: 5579: 5494: 4436: 3829: 3507: 1661:"Congress expands inquiry into IRS handling of conservative groups" 860: 756: 468: 5575:"Lois Lerner cautioned against email chatter amid lawmaker probes" 4886:"Trump DOJ settles lawsuits over Tea Party targeting by Obama IRS" 4581:"Republican IRS agent says Cincinnati began 'Tea Party' inquiries" 4053:"Boehner on IRS scandal: 'Who's going to jail over this scandal?'" 968:

Another case settled by the IRS, in 2018, was that of Z Street, a

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Initial reports described the selections as nearly exclusively of

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List of Internal Revenue Service political profiling controversies

5984: 5682:"U.S. Senate investigators split on party lines over IRS scandal" 3938:"Obama, lawmakers denounce IRS for targeting conservative groups" 2913:

Brejcha, Thomas; Breen, Peter; Wagenmaker, Sally (May 16, 2013).

1716:"Seeking to harness Obama's campaign resources for a second term" 1553:"IRS says it will examine rules for nonprofit political activity" 264: 254:, Democratic chair of the Senate Finance Committee, referring to 5808:"Issa's final IRS report spreads blame, slams 'culture of bias'" 3258:"Rep. Issa: IRS apology to Tea Party groups 'not an honest one'" 2293:"IRS kept shifting targets in tax-exempt group scrutiny: report" 5927:"An Almost-Final Word On The IRS's Alleged Tea Party Targeting" 5326:"Democrat: IRS Manager Denies Targeting Of Conservative Groups" 5295:"The Fake Story About the IRS Commissioner and the White House" 5238:"Former IRS official Shulman passes, won't take responsibility" 5154:"Expert: Lois Lerner Didn't Waive Her Right to Plead the Fifth" 4805: 4397: 4234: 3993:"John Cornyn Calls on IRS Commissioner Steven Miller to Resign" 3847:"Watchdog Found IRS Softer on 'Progressives' Than Tea Partiers" 2887:"IRS asked anti-abortion group about content of public prayers" 1794:"Organizing for Action, Obama's group, has yet to apply to IRS" 1457:"IRS Apologizes For Aggressive Scrutiny Of Conservative Groups" 651: 5980:"FBI doesn't plan charges over IRS scrutiny of Tea Party: WSJ" 3825:"IRS: Progressive groups flagged, but tea party bigger target" 3421:"FBI opens criminal probe of tax agency, audit cites disarray" 2828:

Nather, David; Parti, Tarini & Tau, Byron (May 15, 2013).

5433:"I.R.S. Commissioner to Testify on Ex-Official's Lost Emails" 4230:"IRS To Tea Party: Sorry We Targeted You And Your Tax Status" 3700: 1060: 868: 671: 540: 3997: 3451: 3379: 3232:"GOP Call For Inquiry Of IRS Targeting Of Tea Party Groups" 3100:"IRS Gift Rule Turned on Politics as Crisis Prompts Reform" 1327:"In Targeting Political Groups, I.R.S. Crossed Party Lines" 1190: 1105:

and had occurred between September 2009 and February 2014.

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Another question asked of some unidentified applicants was:

6127:"Trump DOJ: No plans to charge Lois Lerner in IRS scandal" 6090:

Committee on the Judiciary, U.S. House of Representatives.

5862:"Inquiry Into I.R.S. Lapses Shows No Links to White House" 5836:"Darrell Issa takes last stab at IRS for tea party affair" 5490:"The IRS's stunning and shameful record-keeping hypocrisy" 3731: 3729: 3709:"Tea Party Groups More Likely to Get IRS Look Than Others" 3677: 3644: 3642: 3640: 3284:"Why did the IRS target tea party petitioners as a group?" 2563:"IRS Sent Same Letter to Democrats That Fed Tea Party Row" 1173:

to reopen the investigation into Lerner's IRS activities.

6068: 5812: 5656:"Senate subcommittee: No political bias in IRS targeting" 5378:"House votes to hold Lois Lerner in contempt of Congress" 4610:"IRS Delinquent in Handling Tea Party Cases, Report Says" 4144:"IRS official Lois Lerner placed on administrative leave" 1461: 914: 834:—including 63% of Democrats—favored the appointment of a 319:

closer scrutiny to applications from organizations that:

4603: 4601: 2639:"IRS gave liberals a pass; Tea Party groups put on hold" 2479:"'Angry' Obama announces IRS leader's ouster in scandal" 2476: 2384:"IRS Look at Progressive Groups Complicates Controversy" 2203:

Mitchell, Corey; Stassen-Berger, Rachel (May 17, 2013).

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U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Virginia

6190:

Schleifer, Theodore; LoBianco, Tom (October 27, 2015).

4432:"Poll: Obama standing remains steady after controversy" 4406:"Special IRS Prosecutor Favored as Obama Support Drops" 4289:"Tea Party rallies outside IRS building in Cherry Hill" 4110:"Read the IRS acting commissioner's resignation letter" 3726: 3637: 3473:

Eilperin, Juliet; Goldfarb, Zachary A. (May 14, 2013).

2506:

Eilperin, Juliet; Goldfarb, Zachary A. (May 13, 2013).

2350:"Following tea party complaints, IRS admits 'mistakes'" 1883:"Hidden under tax-exempt cloak, political dollars flow" 1527:"The real reason outside groups want tax-exempt status" 1000:

began an investigation into the IRS. Additionally, the

478: 4717:"Democratic congressman sues IRS over political rules" 4204:"Lois Lerner, at Center of IRS Investigation, Resigns" 2912: 2773:"IRS approved liberal groups while Tea Party in limbo" 2202: 5400: 5398: 4598: 3336:"Obama: Alleged IRS political targeting 'outrageous'" 2823: 2821: 2620:"IRS approved liberal group while Tea Party in limbo" 2561:

Bykowicz, Julie; Salant, Jonathan D. (May 15, 2013).

1987:

Luo, Michael; Strom, Stephanie (September 20, 2010).

901:

Catherine Engelbrecht, founder of conservative group

596: 405: 69:" in their names. According to Republican lawmakers, 5779:"IRS employees biased against conservatives: report" 4998: 4996: 2747:"Groups Targeted by I.R.S. Tested Rules on Politics" 2656: 631:

In late September 2017, an exhaustive report by the

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Controversial intensive scrutiny of political groups

117: 5603:"IRS Says it has Lost Emails From 5 More Employees" 5090: 5003:McKinnon, John D.; Hughes, Siobhan (May 12, 2013). 4964:"IRS Settles Last Nonprofit Targeting Scandal Case" 4636:"Steven Miller's resignation memo to IRS employees" 4197: 4195: 3845:Parkinson, John; Phillip, Abby D. (June 27, 2013). 3310:"Obama Dismisses Benghazi Furor but Assails I.R.S." 3180:"Lois Lerner's Brief and Awful Day on Capitol Hill" 3063:McKinnon, John D.; Searcey, Dionne (May 31, 2013). 2880: 2878: 2745:Confessore, Nicholas; Luo, Michael (May 27, 2013). 2118:"Republicans see political motive in I.R.S. audits" 101:declined to reopen the criminal investigation into 5753:"30,000 missing emails from IRS' Lerner recovered" 5395: 5369: 4137: 4135: 3673: 3671: 3308:Shear, Michael; Weisman, Jonathan (May 14, 2013). 2818: 2501: 2499: 2450:"IRS Scandal Reaches Farther Than Just Cincinnati" 2140: 2138: 1960:"Convention is trying to harness Tea Party spirit" 1768:"Crossroads GPS believes it is under IRS scrutiny" 1688:Barker, Kim; Elliott, Justin (November 15, 2012). 1259:- Court case regarding IRS targeting heard in the 998:House Committee on Oversight and Government Reform 619:On June 27, 2013, responding to letters from Rep. 616:) "to narrowly focus on Tea Party organizations". 6189: 5801: 5799: 4993: 4765: 4763: 4020:"Sen. Hatch calls for IRS commissioner to resign" 3523: 2939: 2937: 2587: 2585: 2417: 2415: 2413: 2411: 2382:Rubin, Richard; Bykowicz, Julie (June 24, 2013). 2093:"Battle escalates over undisclosed campaign cash" 778:Press reaction to the IRS's actions was intense. 530:Treasury Inspector General for Tax Administration 202:, which overturned many previous restrictions on 6327: 5547:Hattem, Julian; Becker, Bernie (June 19, 2014). 5407:"Republicans hit IRS' Lois Lerner with contempt" 5031:"I.R.S. Commissioner Will Step Down in November" 5022: 4801:"Marriage Group Sues IRS Over Leaked Tax Return" 4662:"IRS Replaces Official In Tea Party Controversy" 4192: 4175:"Lois Lerner put on administrative leave by IRS" 3960: 3958: 3936:Parsons, Christi; Mascaro, Lisa (May 13, 2013). 3844: 3472: 3419:Ingram, David; Spetalnick, Matt (May 15, 2013). 3418: 3093: 3091: 3089: 3087: 2875: 2505: 2317: 2315: 2313: 518: 6318:One Hundred Thirteenth Congress, Second Session 6152: 6150: 6148: 6005: 6003: 5283: 5091:Branigin, William; O'Keefe, Ed (May 22, 2013). 4772:"National Organization for Marriage to sue IRS" 4574: 4572: 4570: 4548:"Here's the Latest Fizzle in the IRS "Scandal"" 4132: 3762:Bade, Rachael; French, Lauren (June 27, 2013). 3668: 3466: 3275: 3062: 2496: 2222: 2135: 1935:"Tea Partiers put money where their mouths are" 1183:House Oversight and Government Reform Committee 1110:Senate Permanent Subcommittee on Investigations 980: 741:. Lerner retired effective September 23, 2013. 172:In 2013, examples of 501(c)(4) groups included 164:Exterior of an Internal Revenue Service office. 6306:One Hundred Thirteenth Congress, First Session 6064:"DOJ closes IRS investigation with no charges" 5796: 5002: 4974: 4961: 4760: 3935: 3532:"IRS chief: Inappropriate screening was broad" 3145: 3128:"IRS Planted Question About Tax Exempt Groups" 2934: 2827: 2684: 2582: 2560: 2408: 2290: 1659:Gold, Matea; Parsons, Christi (May 20, 2013). 1617: 1615: 1613: 1611: 1609: 1607: 1605: 1603: 1601: 996:Following the Inspector General's report, the 361:questioned the integrity of federal elections. 199:Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission 6185: 6183: 6181: 6179: 5566: 4522:"A 'nail in the coffin' of the IRS 'scandal'" 3955: 3903: 3901: 3899: 3897: 3895: 3893: 3438: 3084: 2744: 2534:"The Fix: Five takeaways from the IRS report" 2472: 2470: 2381: 2310: 2291:Drawbaugh, Kevin; Dixon, Kim (May 13, 2013). 1909:"Who's raising money for Tea Party movement?" 1853:. New York. Associated Press. June 25, 2012. 1687: 1683: 1681: 965:and an admission of wrongdoing from the IRS. 279:, several Democratic senators led by Senator 6192:"House Republicans move to impeach IRS head" 6145: 6000: 5546: 5521:"Did IRS Violate the Law on Lerner's Email?" 5056:"Jordan to Miller re-transcribed Interviews" 5028: 4567: 3678:Department of the Treasury (June 26, 2013). 3307: 2764: 2556: 2554: 2377: 2375: 2321: 2198: 2196: 2058: 1982: 1980: 1876: 1874: 1872: 1813: 1320: 1318: 1316: 744:Michael Macleod-Ball, chief of staff at the 304: 122:United States federal tax law, specifically 5375: 5319: 5317: 5289: 5145: 4827: 4825: 4823: 4578: 4172: 4050: 3738:"Inspector General Changes Tune on Scandal" 3651:"IRS Inspector Firm on One-Sided Targeting" 3197: 3151: 2971: 2790: 2712: 1658: 1598: 1359: 1357: 1295:days (some crossing two election cycles)." 6270:"Lerner's BlackBerry: Is There a Scandal?" 6176: 5918: 5600: 5352:"Elijah Cummings: 'case is solved' on IRS" 4794: 4792: 4659: 4579:Morgan, David; Dixon, Kim (June 9, 2013). 3890: 3761: 3203: 3058: 3056: 3054: 2467: 2012: 1989:"Donor names remain secret as rules shift" 1933:Carney, Eliza Newlin (December 18, 2010). 1678: 1400: 356:Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act 5750: 5679: 5601:Ohlemacher, Stephen (September 5, 2014). 5487: 4769: 4255: 3557: 3255: 2551: 2441: 2372: 2193: 2115: 2032: 1977: 1869: 1401:Ohlemacher, Stephen (September 8, 2017). 1324: 1313: 1176: 539:answered what was later revealed to be a 6244:"'Fake' IRS scandal spawns real coverup" 6215: 5944: 5314: 5118: 5029:Kocieniewski, David (October 10, 2012). 4857: 4834:"IRS pays $ 50K in confidentiality suit" 4820: 4688: 4457: 4423: 4202:McKinnon, John D. (September 23, 2013). 4201: 4076: 3648: 3497: 3495: 3301: 3281: 3002: 2738: 2531: 2347: 2322:Kocieniewski, David (January 11, 2012). 2038: 1986: 1880: 1739: 1576: 1550: 1524: 1428: 1354: 715:called the IRS's actions "un-American." 689: 681: 221:Public-interest advocacy groups such as 159: 32:The logo of the Internal Revenue Service 27: 16:2013 American tax administration scandal 6267: 6241: 6009: 5860:Joachim, David S. (December 23, 2014). 5859: 5805: 5456: 5430: 5264:"A Frequent Visitor to the White House" 5235: 4883: 4831: 4789: 4485: 4314: 3990: 3964: 3907: 3560:"GOP report: IRS singled out Tea Party" 3249: 3125: 3065:"Donors to GOP Group Drew IRS Scrutiny" 3051: 2830:"The IRS wants you to share everything" 2690: 2662: 2421: 2013:Wertheimer, Fred (September 17, 2010). 1957: 1791: 1492:Webster, Hugh K. (September 24, 2012). 1491: 845: 502: 105:, a central figure in the controversy. 6328: 6099: 5924: 5751:Ferrechio, Susan (November 22, 2014). 5680:Drawbaugh, Kevin (September 5, 2014). 5518: 5514: 5512: 5323: 5261: 4798: 4740: 4429: 4403: 4370: 4317:"For Tea Party Groups, Shades of 2010" 4089:from the original on February 28, 2017 4032:from the original on February 27, 2017 4028:. The Associated Press. May 15, 2013. 3822: 3787: 3617: 3444: 3395:"Holder has ordered IRS investigation" 3392: 3229: 3223: 3154:"Hearing on IRS scandal: live updates" 2796: 2447: 2090: 1932: 1906: 1857:from the original on December 31, 2012 1819: 1454: 1382:from the original on February 25, 2018 1171:U.S. House Committee on Ways and Means 993:before the controversy came to light. 6242:Robbins, James S. (August 29, 2014). 6100:Watson, Kathryn (September 8, 2017). 6061: 5806:Diamond, Jeremy (December 23, 2014). 5776: 5705: 5653: 5349: 5151: 4935: 4714: 4633: 4607: 4516: 4227: 3866: 3735: 3706: 3492: 3206:"IRS knew Tea Party targeted in 2011" 3177: 3097: 2884: 2770: 2718: 2636: 2617: 2591: 2525: 2144: 2091:Dennis, Steven T. (October 6, 2010). 2039:McIntire, Mike (September 29, 2010). 1881:McIntire, Mike (September 23, 2010). 1257:Linchpins of Liberty v. United States 1136:Senate Finance Committee final report 897:Linchpins of Liberty v. United States 6156: 5885: 5833: 5777:Dinan, Stephen (December 23, 2014). 5654:Korte, Gregory (September 5, 2014). 5627: 5572: 5404: 5262:Gordon, John Steele (May 27, 2013). 5179: 4884:Singman, Brooke (October 26, 2017). 4858:Cochrane, Emily (October 26, 2017). 4832:Weinger, Mackenzie (June 24, 2014). 4660:Ohlemacher, Stephen (May 23, 2013). 4545: 4404:Salant, Jonathan D. (May 30, 2013). 4286: 4141: 4107: 3529: 3204:Ohlemacher, Stephen (May 12, 2013). 2853: 1765: 1713: 1429:Cochrane, Emily (October 26, 2017). 1163: 1151: 1075:Eisenhower Executive Office Building 479:Public disclosure of tax information 6268:Johnson, Eliana (August 28, 2014). 5834:Bade, Rachael (December 22, 2014). 5628:Bade, Rachael (September 5, 2014). 5509: 5488:Morrissey, Edward (June 18, 2014). 5431:Joachim, David S. (June 16, 2014). 4980: 4962:Michael Wyland (February 9, 2018). 4936:Dinan, Stephen (October 26, 2017). 3823:Condon, Stephanie (June 27, 2013). 3649:McKinnon, John D. (June 27, 2013). 2691:Chittum, Ryan (November 17, 2011). 2448:Walshe, Shushannah (May 14, 2013). 2116:Lichtblau, Eric (October 6, 2010). 1907:Overby, Peter (February 19, 2010). 1577:Schwartz, Emma (October 30, 2012). 1325:Rappeport, Alan (October 5, 2017). 1210: 702: 13: 6371:Obama administration controversies 6293: 6216:McKelway, Doug (August 27, 2014). 6010:Horwitz, Sari (October 23, 2015). 5886:Bade, Rachael (January 20, 2015). 5133:from the original on March 3, 2017 4770:Robillard, Kevin (July 19, 2013). 4715:Korte, Gregory (August 21, 2013). 4256:Wingerter, Justin (May 17, 2013). 3558:Schroeder, Peter (April 7, 2014). 1958:Zernike, Kate (February 5, 2010). 1640:from the original on June 12, 2013 1579:"The rules that govern 501(c)(4)s" 1455:Overby, Peter (October 27, 2017). 926:National Organization for Marriage 597:Criticism of the inspector general 406:Examples of questions from the IRS 14: 6392: 5706:Hicks, Josh (September 5, 2014). 5549:"Issa, Camp seek IRS hard drives" 4799:McAfee, David (October 8, 2013). 4741:Barker, Kim (December 14, 2012). 4689:Eilperin, Juliet (May 21, 2013). 4608:Rubin, Richard (August 5, 2015). 3282:Eilperin, Juliet (May 13, 2013). 3256:Schroeder, Peter (May 12, 2013). 3126:Phillip, Abby D. (May 17, 2013). 2663:Johnson, Eliana (June 25, 2013). 2532:Eilperin, Juliet (May 15, 2013). 2348:Killough, Ashley (May 10, 2013). 1792:Metzler, Rebekah (May 15, 2013). 1551:Bykowicz, Julie (July 23, 2013). 1525:Eilperin, Juliet (May 14, 2013). 1215:Responding to a lawsuit filed by 1185:led by the Committee's Chairman, 1002:House Committee on Ways and Means 975: 627:Second Inspector General's report 118:Tax exemption and donor anonymity 6261: 6235: 6209: 6119: 6093: 6083: 6062:Perez, Evan (October 23, 2015). 6055: 6029: 5972: 5925:Overby, Peter (August 5, 2015). 5905: 5879: 5853: 5827: 5770: 5725: 5699: 5673: 5647: 5630:"More IRS employees lost emails" 5621: 5594: 5540: 5481: 5450: 5424: 5343: 5255: 5229: 5199: 5173: 5112: 5084: 5048: 4955: 4929: 4903: 4877: 4851: 4734: 4708: 4682: 4667:The Atlanta Journal-Constitution 4653: 4627: 4539: 4510: 4479: 4451: 4364: 4334: 4308: 4280: 4249: 4221: 4166: 3965:Strauss, Daniel (May 15, 2013). 3910:"All the President's Apologists" 3707:Rubin, Richard (June 27, 2013). 3618:Becker, Bernie (June 25, 2013). 2693:"Nonprofit News and the Tax Man" 2268:. March 12, 2012. Archived from 1714:Gold, Matea (January 17, 2013). 1073:to visit the White House or the 1031:here and answer our questions." 811:NBC's White House correspondent 354:were focused on challenging the 44:(FBI) criminal probe ordered by 6157:Rein, Lisa (October 28, 2015). 5457:Fischer, Sara (June 14, 2014). 4546:Drum, Kevin (August 20, 2013). 4458:Marshall, Josh (May 13, 2013). 4371:Halper, Daniel (May 21, 2013). 4101: 4070: 4044: 4012: 3984: 3929: 3813: 3781: 3755: 3736:Keith, Tamara (June 27, 2013). 3611: 3595:. April 7, 2014. Archived from 3579: 3551: 3412: 3393:Weiner, Rachel (May 14, 2013). 3386: 3354: 3328: 3171: 3119: 3098:Rubin, Richard (June 5, 2013). 3025: 2996: 2965: 2906: 2847: 2771:Korte, Gregory (May 15, 2013). 2637:Korte, Gregory (May 15, 2013). 2618:Korte, Gregory (May 15, 2013). 2611: 2422:Chittum, Ryan (June 25, 2013). 2341: 2284: 2251: 2164: 2109: 2084: 2006: 1951: 1926: 1900: 1839: 1820:Barker, Kim (August 24, 2012). 1785: 1759: 1740:Sullivan, Sean (May 13, 2013). 1733: 1707: 1652: 1570: 1288: 1278: 1158:Federal Bureau of Investigation 874: 830:on May 30 revealed that 76% of 808:stated: "It's time for action." 523: 151:Supreme Court's 1958 ruling in 42:Federal Bureau of Investigation 5573:Bade, Rachael (July 9, 2014). 5324:Neuman, Scott (June 9, 2013). 5236:Milbank, Dana (May 22, 2013). 5213:. May 22, 2013. Archived from 5180:Sink, Justin (July 19, 2013). 5119:Friedman, Dan (May 23, 2013). 5065:. May 15, 2013. Archived from 4491:"The Vanishing I.R.S. Scandal" 4460:"Taking Stock with Chuck Todd" 4315:Gabriel, Trip (May 21, 2013). 4077:Friedman, Dan (May 15, 2013). 3991:Shooter, Cole (May 14, 2013). 3908:Rothman, Noah (June 1, 2014). 3788:Bedard, Paul (June 27, 2013). 3680:"Final Response to Rep. Levin" 3230:Mullis, Steve (May 12, 2013). 2797:Weigel, David (May 13, 2013). 2015:"Secret funds flow into races" 1742:"What is a 501(c)(4), anyway?" 1544: 1518: 1485: 1476: 1448: 1422: 1394: 720:Acting Commissioner of the IRS 694:Protesters at IRS facility in 654:, the ranking Democrat on the 343:advocated education about the 46:United States Attorney General 1: 5519:Garver, Rob (June 16, 2014). 5405:Bade, Rachael (May 7, 2014). 5350:Blake, Aaron (June 9, 2013). 5005:"Wider Problems Found at IRS" 4430:Murray, Mark (June 4, 2013). 4228:Brown, Abram (May 10, 2013). 3445:Altman, Alex (May 14, 2013). 3178:James, Frank (May 22, 2013). 2885:Moody, Chris (May 17, 2013). 2719:Moody, Chris (May 15, 2013). 2592:Cohen, Micah (May 16, 2013). 2070:U.S. Senate Finance Committee 1482:26 CFR 1.501(c)(4)-1(a)(2)(i) 1266: 1022:Oversight Committee Chairman 944:In a June 2014 ruling, Judge 544:question at a meeting of the 519:Public release of information 112: 4634:Hicks, Josh (May 16, 2013). 4287:Lada, Jason (May 21, 2013). 4173:O'Keefe, Ed (May 23, 2013). 4108:Bohn, Kevin (May 15, 2013). 4051:O'Keefe, Ed (May 15, 2013). 3867:Stein, Sam (June 27, 2013). 3530:Fram, Alan (June 24, 2013). 3362:"Statement by the President" 3152:O'Keefe, Ed (May 17, 2013). 2854:Good, Chris (May 14, 2013). 2145:Hicks, Josh (May 13, 2013). 1799:U.S. News & World Report 1766:Gold, Matea (May 20, 2013). 1271: 981:Congressional investigations 358:—known by many as Obamacare; 250:Shortly thereafter, Senator 229:complained that the IRS and 7: 5376:O'Keefe, Ed (May 7, 2014). 5152:Amira, Dan (May 22, 2013). 4142:Bash, Dana (May 23, 2013). 1261:DC Circuit Court of Appeals 1244: 890: 677: 571: 231:Federal Election Commission 212:political action committees 204:political campaign spending 65:groups with terms such as " 36:In 2013, the United States 10: 6397: 6376:Presidency of Barack Obama 2977:"There's a fly in my soup" 2698:Columbia Journalism Review 2428:Columbia Journalism Review 1631:Department of the Treasury 1373:Department of the Treasury 1108:On September 5, 2014, the 894: 382:Columbia Journalism Review 323:referenced words such as " 89:, who at the time was the 18: 6356:2013 in the United States 6351:2012 in the United States 6346:2011 in the United States 6341:2010 in the United States 6336:IRS targeting controversy 5063:House Oversight Committee 3764:"IRS debate shifts again" 3592:House Oversight Committee 2424:"The IRS scandal unwinds" 1193:), filed a resolution to 305:Controversial IRS conduct 192:On January 21, 2010, the 79:House Oversight Committee 6366:Internal Revenue Service 4981:JTA (February 3, 2018). 1306: 1019:and refused to testify. 696:Mountainside, New Jersey 664:Ways and Means Committee 656:Senate Finance Committee 546:American Bar Association 99:Trump Justice Department 38:Internal Revenue Service 5009:The Wall Street Journal 4208:The Wall Street Journal 3687:The Wall Street Journal 3655:The Wall Street Journal 3070:The Wall Street Journal 765:Cherry Hill, New Jersey 707:Montana's then-senator 528:In early May 2013, the 485:investigative reporting 4342:"IRS Targeting Texans" 3447:"The Real IRS Scandal" 2105:on September 24, 2015. 1177:Impeachment resolution 699: 687: 662:chairman of the House 584: 483:In November 2013, the 452: 248: 237:reported at the time: 210:leaders began forming 165: 33: 1156:In January 2014, the 960:In October 2017, the 930:Human Rights Campaign 924:In October 2013, the 895:Further information: 828:Quinnipiac University 693: 685: 633:Treasury Department's 579: 428: 239: 180:, founded in part by 174:Organizing for Action 163: 128:Internal Revenue Code 53:Treasury Department's 31: 6320:. February 27, 2014. 5291:Franke-Ruta, Garance 4942:The Washington Times 3599:on December 24, 2014 2973:Krauthammer, Charles 2072:. September 29, 2010 1251:Nixon's Enemies List 1090:contempt of Congress 846:Subsequent reactions 739:administrative leave 503:Gift tax enforcement 392:An investigation by 380:Ryan Chittum of the 140:Treasury regulations 6163:The Washington Post 6133:. September 8, 2017 6016:The Washington Post 5757:Washington Examiner 5739:. November 22, 2014 5712:The Washington Post 5607:The Washington Post 5382:The Washington Post 5356:The Washington Post 5242:The Washington Post 5098:The Washington Post 4968:Nonprofit Quarterly 4695:The Washington Post 4640:The Washington Post 4520:(August 20, 2013). 4465:Talking Points Memo 4378:The Weekly Standard 4179:The Washington Post 4057:The Washington Post 3795:Washington Examiner 3479:The Washington Post 3399:The Washington Post 3288:The Washington Post 3158:The Washington Post 3037:Thomas More Society 2982:The Washington Post 2920:Thomas More Society 2538:The Washington Post 2512:The Washington Post 2396:on December 7, 2013 2272:on November 3, 2013 2239:. February 16, 2012 2151:The Washington Post 1746:The Washington Post 1531:The Washington Post 826:A poll released by 591:The Washington Post 556:The Washington Post 473:Thomas More Society 327:", "Patriots", or " 6381:Tea Party movement 6043:. October 23, 2015 5988:. January 13, 2014 5960:. January 13, 2014 5866:The New York Times 5609:. Associated Press 5437:The New York Times 5035:The New York Times 4917:. October 26, 2017 4864:The New York Times 4670:. Associated Press 4614:Bloomberg Politics 4321:The New York Times 4294:South Jersey Times 4268:on January 7, 2014 4262:CBS News St. Louis 3314:The New York Times 2751:The New York Times 2598:The New York Times 2328:The New York Times 2264:Charles E. Schumer 2122:The New York Times 2045:The New York Times 1993:The New York Times 1964:The New York Times 1887:The New York Times 1435:The New York Times 1332:The New York Times 1234:official told the 1083:State of the Union 1048:Harvard Law School 1037:James Joseph Duane 1017:self-incrimination 990:Douglas H. Shulman 836:special prosecutor 700: 688: 394:The New York Times 298:The New York Times 256:The New York Times 235:The New York Times 194:U.S. Supreme Court 166: 95:Justice Department 34: 4489:(June 25, 2013). 4352:on August 8, 2013 3942:Los Angeles Times 3380:National Archives 1947:on June 29, 2013. 1772:Los Angeles Times 1720:Los Angeles Times 1665:Los Angeles Times 1164:DOJ investigation 1152:FBI investigation 1033:Regent University 832:registered voters 789:Comedy Central's 636:inspector general 602:J. Russell George 124:Section 501(c)(4) 85:In January 2014, 56:Inspector General 6388: 6321: 6309: 6308:. July 18, 2013. 6287: 6286: 6284: 6282: 6265: 6259: 6258: 6256: 6254: 6239: 6233: 6232: 6230: 6228: 6213: 6207: 6206: 6204: 6202: 6187: 6174: 6173: 6171: 6169: 6154: 6143: 6142: 6140: 6138: 6123: 6117: 6116: 6114: 6112: 6097: 6091: 6087: 6081: 6080: 6078: 6076: 6059: 6053: 6052: 6050: 6048: 6033: 6027: 6026: 6024: 6022: 6007: 5998: 5997: 5995: 5993: 5976: 5970: 5969: 5967: 5965: 5957:Fox News Channel 5948: 5942: 5941: 5939: 5937: 5922: 5916: 5909: 5903: 5902: 5900: 5898: 5883: 5877: 5876: 5874: 5872: 5857: 5851: 5850: 5848: 5846: 5831: 5825: 5824: 5822: 5820: 5803: 5794: 5793: 5791: 5789: 5783:Washington Times 5774: 5768: 5767: 5765: 5763: 5748: 5746: 5744: 5729: 5723: 5722: 5720: 5718: 5703: 5697: 5696: 5694: 5692: 5677: 5671: 5670: 5668: 5666: 5651: 5645: 5644: 5642: 5640: 5625: 5619: 5618: 5616: 5614: 5598: 5592: 5591: 5589: 5587: 5570: 5564: 5563: 5561: 5559: 5544: 5538: 5537: 5535: 5533: 5526:The Fiscal Times 5516: 5507: 5506: 5504: 5502: 5485: 5479: 5478: 5476: 5474: 5469:on June 16, 2014 5465:. Archived from 5454: 5448: 5447: 5445: 5443: 5428: 5422: 5421: 5419: 5417: 5402: 5393: 5392: 5390: 5388: 5373: 5367: 5366: 5364: 5362: 5347: 5341: 5340: 5338: 5336: 5321: 5312: 5311: 5309: 5307: 5293:(May 31, 2013). 5287: 5281: 5280: 5278: 5276: 5259: 5253: 5252: 5250: 5248: 5233: 5227: 5226: 5224: 5222: 5203: 5197: 5196: 5194: 5192: 5177: 5171: 5170: 5168: 5166: 5149: 5143: 5142: 5140: 5138: 5116: 5110: 5109: 5107: 5105: 5088: 5082: 5081: 5079: 5077: 5072:on June 10, 2013 5071: 5060: 5052: 5046: 5045: 5043: 5041: 5026: 5020: 5019: 5017: 5015: 5000: 4991: 4990: 4978: 4972: 4971: 4959: 4953: 4952: 4950: 4948: 4933: 4927: 4926: 4924: 4922: 4907: 4901: 4900: 4898: 4896: 4881: 4875: 4874: 4872: 4870: 4855: 4849: 4848: 4846: 4844: 4829: 4818: 4817: 4815: 4813: 4796: 4787: 4786: 4784: 4782: 4767: 4758: 4757: 4755: 4753: 4738: 4732: 4731: 4729: 4727: 4712: 4706: 4705: 4703: 4701: 4686: 4680: 4679: 4677: 4675: 4657: 4651: 4650: 4648: 4646: 4631: 4625: 4624: 4622: 4620: 4605: 4596: 4595: 4593: 4591: 4576: 4565: 4564: 4562: 4560: 4543: 4537: 4536: 4534: 4532: 4514: 4508: 4507: 4505: 4503: 4483: 4477: 4476: 4474: 4472: 4455: 4449: 4448: 4446: 4444: 4427: 4421: 4420: 4418: 4416: 4401: 4395: 4394: 4392: 4390: 4385:on June 19, 2013 4381:. Archived from 4368: 4362: 4361: 4359: 4357: 4348:. Archived from 4338: 4332: 4331: 4329: 4327: 4312: 4306: 4305: 4303: 4301: 4284: 4278: 4277: 4275: 4273: 4264:. Archived from 4253: 4247: 4246: 4244: 4242: 4225: 4219: 4218: 4216: 4214: 4199: 4190: 4189: 4187: 4185: 4170: 4164: 4163: 4161: 4159: 4154:on June 11, 2013 4150:. Archived from 4139: 4130: 4129: 4127: 4125: 4116:. Archived from 4105: 4099: 4098: 4096: 4094: 4074: 4068: 4067: 4065: 4063: 4048: 4042: 4041: 4039: 4037: 4016: 4010: 4009: 4007: 4005: 3988: 3982: 3981: 3979: 3977: 3962: 3953: 3952: 3950: 3948: 3933: 3927: 3926: 3924: 3922: 3905: 3888: 3885: 3883: 3881: 3863: 3861: 3859: 3841: 3839: 3837: 3817: 3811: 3810: 3804: 3802: 3785: 3779: 3778: 3776: 3774: 3759: 3753: 3752: 3750: 3748: 3733: 3724: 3723: 3721: 3719: 3704: 3698: 3697: 3695: 3693: 3684: 3675: 3666: 3665: 3663: 3661: 3646: 3635: 3634: 3632: 3630: 3615: 3609: 3608: 3606: 3604: 3583: 3577: 3576: 3574: 3572: 3555: 3549: 3548: 3546: 3544: 3537:The Boston Globe 3527: 3521: 3520: 3518: 3516: 3499: 3490: 3489: 3487: 3485: 3470: 3464: 3463: 3461: 3459: 3442: 3436: 3435: 3433: 3431: 3416: 3410: 3409: 3407: 3405: 3390: 3384: 3383: 3377: 3375: 3358: 3352: 3351: 3349: 3347: 3332: 3326: 3325: 3323: 3321: 3305: 3299: 3298: 3296: 3294: 3279: 3273: 3272: 3270: 3268: 3253: 3247: 3246: 3244: 3242: 3227: 3221: 3220: 3218: 3216: 3201: 3195: 3194: 3192: 3190: 3175: 3169: 3168: 3166: 3164: 3149: 3143: 3142: 3140: 3138: 3123: 3117: 3116: 3114: 3112: 3095: 3082: 3081: 3079: 3077: 3060: 3049: 3048: 3046: 3044: 3039:. April 12, 2011 3029: 3023: 3022: 3020: 3018: 3012:rushlimbaugh.com 3006:(May 17, 2013). 3000: 2994: 2993: 2991: 2989: 2975:(May 23, 2013). 2969: 2963: 2962: 2960: 2958: 2941: 2932: 2931: 2929: 2927: 2910: 2904: 2903: 2901: 2899: 2882: 2873: 2872: 2870: 2868: 2851: 2845: 2844: 2842: 2840: 2825: 2816: 2815: 2813: 2811: 2794: 2788: 2787: 2785: 2783: 2768: 2762: 2761: 2759: 2757: 2742: 2736: 2735: 2733: 2731: 2716: 2710: 2709: 2707: 2705: 2688: 2682: 2681: 2679: 2677: 2660: 2654: 2653: 2651: 2649: 2634: 2632: 2630: 2615: 2609: 2608: 2606: 2604: 2589: 2580: 2579: 2577: 2575: 2558: 2549: 2548: 2546: 2544: 2529: 2523: 2522: 2520: 2518: 2503: 2494: 2493: 2491: 2489: 2474: 2465: 2464: 2462: 2460: 2445: 2439: 2438: 2436: 2434: 2419: 2406: 2405: 2403: 2401: 2392:. Archived from 2379: 2370: 2369: 2367: 2365: 2360:on June 11, 2013 2356:. Archived from 2345: 2339: 2338: 2336: 2334: 2319: 2308: 2307: 2305: 2303: 2288: 2282: 2281: 2279: 2277: 2255: 2249: 2248: 2246: 2244: 2226: 2220: 2219: 2217: 2215: 2200: 2191: 2190: 2188: 2186: 2181:. March 28, 2012 2168: 2162: 2161: 2159: 2157: 2142: 2133: 2132: 2130: 2128: 2113: 2107: 2106: 2101:. Archived from 2088: 2082: 2081: 2079: 2077: 2062: 2056: 2055: 2053: 2051: 2036: 2030: 2029: 2027: 2025: 2010: 2004: 2003: 2001: 1999: 1984: 1975: 1974: 1972: 1970: 1955: 1949: 1948: 1943:. Archived from 1940:National Journal 1930: 1924: 1923: 1921: 1919: 1904: 1898: 1897: 1895: 1893: 1878: 1867: 1866: 1864: 1862: 1843: 1837: 1836: 1834: 1832: 1817: 1811: 1810: 1808: 1806: 1789: 1783: 1782: 1780: 1778: 1763: 1757: 1756: 1754: 1752: 1737: 1731: 1730: 1728: 1726: 1711: 1705: 1704: 1702: 1700: 1685: 1676: 1675: 1673: 1671: 1656: 1650: 1649: 1647: 1645: 1639: 1628: 1619: 1596: 1595: 1593: 1591: 1574: 1568: 1567: 1565: 1563: 1548: 1542: 1541: 1539: 1537: 1522: 1516: 1515: 1513: 1511: 1506:on July 30, 2014 1502:. Archived from 1489: 1483: 1480: 1474: 1473: 1471: 1469: 1452: 1446: 1445: 1443: 1441: 1426: 1420: 1419: 1417: 1415: 1398: 1392: 1391: 1389: 1387: 1381: 1370: 1361: 1352: 1351: 1349: 1347: 1322: 1300: 1292: 1286: 1282: 1227:James S. Robbins 1225:opinion column, 1211:Deleted evidence 1198:IRS Commissioner 919:Chris Van Hollen 753:Claire McCaskill 724:Steven T. Miller 703:Initial reaction 698:on May 21, 2013. 541:planted question 420:Koch foundations 154:NAACP v. Alabama 6396: 6395: 6391: 6390: 6389: 6387: 6386: 6385: 6326: 6325: 6324: 6312: 6300: 6296: 6294:Further reading 6291: 6290: 6280: 6278: 6275:National Review 6266: 6262: 6252: 6250: 6240: 6236: 6226: 6224: 6214: 6210: 6200: 6198: 6188: 6177: 6167: 6165: 6155: 6146: 6136: 6134: 6125: 6124: 6120: 6110: 6108: 6098: 6094: 6088: 6084: 6074: 6072: 6060: 6056: 6046: 6044: 6035: 6034: 6030: 6020: 6018: 6008: 6001: 5991: 5989: 5978: 5977: 5973: 5963: 5961: 5950: 5949: 5945: 5935: 5933: 5923: 5919: 5910: 5906: 5896: 5894: 5884: 5880: 5870: 5868: 5858: 5854: 5844: 5842: 5832: 5828: 5818: 5816: 5804: 5797: 5787: 5785: 5775: 5771: 5761: 5759: 5749: 5742: 5740: 5731: 5730: 5726: 5716: 5714: 5704: 5700: 5690: 5688: 5678: 5674: 5664: 5662: 5652: 5648: 5638: 5636: 5626: 5622: 5612: 5610: 5599: 5595: 5585: 5583: 5571: 5567: 5557: 5555: 5545: 5541: 5531: 5529: 5517: 5510: 5500: 5498: 5486: 5482: 5472: 5470: 5455: 5451: 5441: 5439: 5429: 5425: 5415: 5413: 5403: 5396: 5386: 5384: 5374: 5370: 5360: 5358: 5348: 5344: 5334: 5332: 5322: 5315: 5305: 5303: 5288: 5284: 5274: 5272: 5260: 5256: 5246: 5244: 5234: 5230: 5220: 5218: 5217:on May 25, 2013 5205: 5204: 5200: 5190: 5188: 5178: 5174: 5164: 5162: 5150: 5146: 5136: 5134: 5117: 5113: 5103: 5101: 5089: 5085: 5075: 5073: 5069: 5058: 5054: 5053: 5049: 5039: 5037: 5027: 5023: 5013: 5011: 5001: 4994: 4987:Times of Israel 4979: 4975: 4960: 4956: 4946: 4944: 4934: 4930: 4920: 4918: 4909: 4908: 4904: 4894: 4892: 4882: 4878: 4868: 4866: 4856: 4852: 4842: 4840: 4830: 4821: 4811: 4809: 4797: 4790: 4780: 4778: 4768: 4761: 4751: 4749: 4739: 4735: 4725: 4723: 4713: 4709: 4699: 4697: 4687: 4683: 4673: 4671: 4658: 4654: 4644: 4642: 4632: 4628: 4618: 4616: 4606: 4599: 4589: 4587: 4577: 4568: 4558: 4556: 4544: 4540: 4530: 4528: 4515: 4511: 4501: 4499: 4484: 4480: 4470: 4468: 4456: 4452: 4442: 4440: 4428: 4424: 4414: 4412: 4402: 4398: 4388: 4386: 4369: 4365: 4355: 4353: 4340: 4339: 4335: 4325: 4323: 4313: 4309: 4299: 4297: 4285: 4281: 4271: 4269: 4254: 4250: 4240: 4238: 4226: 4222: 4212: 4210: 4200: 4193: 4183: 4181: 4171: 4167: 4157: 4155: 4140: 4133: 4123: 4121: 4120:on June 2, 2013 4106: 4102: 4092: 4090: 4075: 4071: 4061: 4059: 4049: 4045: 4035: 4033: 4018: 4017: 4013: 4003: 4001: 3989: 3985: 3975: 3973: 3963: 3956: 3946: 3944: 3934: 3930: 3920: 3918: 3906: 3891: 3879: 3877: 3874:Huffington Post 3857: 3855: 3835: 3833: 3818: 3814: 3800: 3798: 3786: 3782: 3772: 3770: 3760: 3756: 3746: 3744: 3734: 3727: 3717: 3715: 3705: 3701: 3691: 3689: 3682: 3676: 3669: 3659: 3657: 3647: 3638: 3628: 3626: 3616: 3612: 3602: 3600: 3585: 3584: 3580: 3570: 3568: 3556: 3552: 3542: 3540: 3528: 3524: 3514: 3512: 3501: 3500: 3493: 3483: 3481: 3471: 3467: 3457: 3455: 3443: 3439: 3429: 3427: 3417: 3413: 3403: 3401: 3391: 3387: 3373: 3371: 3360: 3359: 3355: 3345: 3343: 3334: 3333: 3329: 3319: 3317: 3306: 3302: 3292: 3290: 3280: 3276: 3266: 3264: 3254: 3250: 3240: 3238: 3228: 3224: 3214: 3212: 3202: 3198: 3188: 3186: 3176: 3172: 3162: 3160: 3150: 3146: 3136: 3134: 3124: 3120: 3110: 3108: 3096: 3085: 3075: 3073: 3061: 3052: 3042: 3040: 3031: 3030: 3026: 3016: 3014: 3001: 2997: 2987: 2985: 2970: 2966: 2956: 2954: 2943: 2942: 2935: 2925: 2923: 2911: 2907: 2897: 2895: 2883: 2876: 2866: 2864: 2852: 2848: 2838: 2836: 2826: 2819: 2809: 2807: 2795: 2791: 2781: 2779: 2769: 2765: 2755: 2753: 2743: 2739: 2729: 2727: 2717: 2713: 2703: 2701: 2689: 2685: 2675: 2673: 2670:National Review 2661: 2657: 2647: 2645: 2635: 2628: 2626: 2616: 2612: 2602: 2600: 2590: 2583: 2573: 2571: 2559: 2552: 2542: 2540: 2530: 2526: 2516: 2514: 2504: 2497: 2487: 2485: 2475: 2468: 2458: 2456: 2446: 2442: 2432: 2430: 2420: 2409: 2399: 2397: 2380: 2373: 2363: 2361: 2346: 2342: 2332: 2330: 2320: 2311: 2301: 2299: 2289: 2285: 2275: 2273: 2257: 2256: 2252: 2242: 2240: 2228: 2227: 2223: 2213: 2211: 2201: 2194: 2184: 2182: 2170: 2169: 2165: 2155: 2153: 2143: 2136: 2126: 2124: 2114: 2110: 2089: 2085: 2075: 2073: 2064: 2063: 2059: 2049: 2047: 2037: 2033: 2023: 2021: 2011: 2007: 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movement 73:groups and the 71:liberal-leaning 24: 17: 12: 11: 5: 6394: 6384: 6383: 6378: 6373: 6368: 6363: 6358: 6353: 6348: 6343: 6338: 6323: 6322: 6310: 6297: 6295: 6292: 6289: 6288: 6260: 6234: 6208: 6175: 6144: 6118: 6092: 6082: 6054: 6028: 5999: 5971: 5943: 5917: 5915:(August 2015). 5904: 5878: 5852: 5826: 5795: 5769: 5724: 5698: 5672: 5646: 5620: 5593: 5565: 5539: 5508: 5480: 5449: 5423: 5394: 5368: 5342: 5313: 5282: 5254: 5228: 5198: 5172: 5144: 5111: 5083: 5047: 5021: 4992: 4973: 4954: 4928: 4902: 4876: 4850: 4819: 4788: 4759: 4733: 4707: 4681: 4652: 4626: 4597: 4566: 4538: 4509: 4496:The New Yorker 4478: 4450: 4422: 4396: 4363: 4333: 4307: 4279: 4248: 4220: 4191: 4165: 4131: 4100: 4069: 4043: 4011: 3983: 3954: 3928: 3889: 3887: 3886: 3864: 3842: 3812: 3780: 3754: 3725: 3699: 3667: 3636: 3610: 3578: 3550: 3522: 3511:. May 23, 2013 3491: 3465: 3437: 3411: 3385: 3370:. May 14, 2013 3367:whitehouse.gov 3353: 3342:. May 14, 2013 3327: 3300: 3274: 3248: 3222: 3196: 3170: 3144: 3118: 3105:Bloomberg News 3083: 3050: 3024: 3004:Limbaugh, Rush 2995: 2964: 2953:. May 17, 2013 2933: 2905: 2874: 2846: 2817: 2789: 2763: 2737: 2711: 2683: 2655: 2610: 2581: 2568:Bloomberg News 2550: 2524: 2495: 2466: 2440: 2407: 2389:Bloomberg News 2371: 2340: 2309: 2283: 2250: 2235:Michael Bennet 2221: 2192: 2163: 2134: 2108: 2083: 2057: 2031: 2005: 1976: 1950: 1925: 1899: 1868: 1838: 1812: 1784: 1758: 1732: 1706: 1677: 1651: 1597: 1569: 1543: 1517: 1484: 1475: 1447: 1421: 1393: 1353: 1311: 1310: 1308: 1305: 1302: 1301: 1297:Bloomberg News 1287: 1285:certification. 1276: 1275: 1273: 1270: 1268: 1265: 1264: 1263: 1254: 1246: 1243: 1217:Judicial Watch 1212: 1209: 1187:Jason Chaffetz 1178: 1175: 1165: 1162: 1153: 1150: 1137: 1134: 1071:Secret Service 1035:law professor 1015:right against 982: 979: 977: 976:Investigations 974: 946:James Cacheris 892: 889: 888: 887: 884: 881: 876: 873: 847: 844: 824: 823: 816: 809: 802: 795: 787: 704: 701: 679: 676: 628: 625: 598: 595: 573: 570: 525: 522: 520: 517: 504: 501: 497:Crossroads GPS 480: 477: 448: 447: 444: 441: 407: 404: 363: 362: 359: 352: 349:Bill of Rights 341: 338: 335: 332: 311: 308: 306: 303: 286:tax deductions 223:Public Citizen 189: 186: 178:Crossroads GPS 132:26 U.S.C. 119: 116: 114: 111: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 6393: 6382: 6379: 6377: 6374: 6372: 6369: 6367: 6364: 6362: 6361:2013 scandals 6359: 6357: 6354: 6352: 6349: 6347: 6344: 6342: 6339: 6337: 6334: 6333: 6331: 6319: 6315: 6311: 6307: 6303: 6299: 6298: 6277: 6276: 6271: 6264: 6249: 6245: 6238: 6223: 6219: 6212: 6197: 6193: 6186: 6184: 6182: 6180: 6164: 6160: 6153: 6151: 6149: 6132: 6128: 6122: 6111:September 22, 6107: 6103: 6096: 6086: 6071: 6070: 6065: 6058: 6042: 6038: 6032: 6017: 6013: 6006: 6004: 5987: 5986: 5981: 5975: 5959: 5958: 5953: 5947: 5932: 5928: 5921: 5914: 5908: 5893: 5889: 5882: 5867: 5863: 5856: 5841: 5837: 5830: 5815: 5814: 5809: 5802: 5800: 5784: 5780: 5773: 5758: 5754: 5738: 5734: 5728: 5713: 5709: 5702: 5687: 5683: 5676: 5661: 5657: 5650: 5635: 5631: 5624: 5608: 5604: 5597: 5582: 5581: 5576: 5569: 5554: 5550: 5543: 5528: 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4318: 4311: 4296: 4295: 4290: 4283: 4267: 4263: 4259: 4252: 4237: 4236: 4231: 4224: 4213:September 23, 4209: 4205: 4198: 4196: 4180: 4176: 4169: 4153: 4149: 4145: 4138: 4136: 4119: 4115: 4111: 4104: 4088: 4084: 4080: 4073: 4058: 4054: 4047: 4031: 4027: 4026: 4021: 4015: 4000: 3999: 3994: 3987: 3972: 3968: 3961: 3959: 3943: 3939: 3932: 3917: 3916: 3911: 3904: 3902: 3900: 3898: 3896: 3894: 3876: 3875: 3870: 3865: 3854: 3853: 3848: 3843: 3832: 3831: 3826: 3821: 3820: 3816: 3809: 3797: 3796: 3791: 3784: 3769: 3765: 3758: 3743: 3739: 3732: 3730: 3714: 3710: 3703: 3688: 3681: 3674: 3672: 3656: 3652: 3645: 3643: 3641: 3625: 3621: 3614: 3598: 3594: 3593: 3588: 3582: 3567: 3566: 3561: 3554: 3539: 3538: 3533: 3526: 3510: 3509: 3504: 3498: 3496: 3480: 3476: 3469: 3454: 3453: 3448: 3441: 3426: 3422: 3415: 3400: 3396: 3389: 3381: 3369: 3368: 3363: 3357: 3341: 3337: 3331: 3316: 3315: 3311: 3304: 3289: 3285: 3278: 3263: 3259: 3252: 3237: 3233: 3226: 3211: 3207: 3200: 3185: 3181: 3174: 3159: 3155: 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1990: 1983: 1981: 1965: 1961: 1954: 1946: 1942: 1941: 1936: 1929: 1914: 1910: 1903: 1888: 1884: 1877: 1875: 1873: 1856: 1852: 1848: 1842: 1827: 1823: 1816: 1801: 1800: 1795: 1788: 1773: 1769: 1762: 1747: 1743: 1736: 1721: 1717: 1710: 1695: 1691: 1684: 1682: 1666: 1662: 1655: 1636: 1632: 1625: 1618: 1616: 1614: 1612: 1610: 1608: 1606: 1604: 1602: 1586: 1585: 1584:PBS Frontline 1580: 1573: 1558: 1557:Bloomberg L.P 1554: 1547: 1532: 1528: 1521: 1505: 1501: 1500: 1499:Bloomberg BNA 1495: 1488: 1479: 1464: 1463: 1458: 1451: 1436: 1432: 1425: 1410: 1409: 1404: 1397: 1378: 1374: 1367: 1360: 1358: 1342: 1338: 1334: 1333: 1328: 1321: 1319: 1317: 1312: 1298: 1291: 1281: 1277: 1262: 1258: 1255: 1252: 1249: 1248: 1242: 1239: 1238: 1233: 1228: 1224: 1223: 1218: 1208: 1204: 1202: 1201:John Koskinen 1199: 1196: 1192: 1188: 1184: 1174: 1172: 1161: 1159: 1149: 1145: 1143: 1133: 1130: 1126: 1122: 1120: 1115: 1111: 1106: 1102: 1098: 1094: 1091: 1086: 1084: 1078: 1076: 1072: 1068: 1067: 1062: 1056: 1053: 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Olson 289: 287: 282: 281:Chuck Schumer 278: 272: 270: 266: 262: 257: 253: 247: 243: 238: 236: 232: 228: 224: 219: 217: 213: 209: 205: 201: 200: 195: 185: 183: 179: 175: 170: 162: 158: 156: 155: 148: 146: 141: 137: 136:§ 501(c) 133: 129: 125: 110: 106: 104: 100: 96: 92: 88: 83: 80: 76: 72: 68: 64: 59: 57: 54: 50: 47: 43: 39: 30: 26: 22: 6317: 6305: 6281:September 6, 6279:. Retrieved 6273: 6263: 6253:September 3, 6251:. Retrieved 6247: 6237: 6227:September 3, 6225:. Retrieved 6221: 6211: 6199:. Retrieved 6196:CNN Politics 6195: 6166:. Retrieved 6162: 6137:November 11, 6135:. Retrieved 6130: 6121: 6109:. Retrieved 6105: 6095: 6085: 6073:. Retrieved 6067: 6057: 6047:November 11, 6045:. Retrieved 6040: 6031: 6019:. Retrieved 6015: 5990:. Retrieved 5983: 5974: 5962:. Retrieved 5955: 5946: 5936:November 11, 5934:. Retrieved 5930: 5920: 5912: 5907: 5895:. Retrieved 5891: 5881: 5871:December 23, 5869:. Retrieved 5865: 5855: 5845:December 23, 5843:. Retrieved 5839: 5829: 5817:. 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