1046:
760:
473:
936:, which is also described in RFC 2766, adds translation of the ports as well as the address. This is done primarily to avoid two hosts on one side of the mechanism from using the same exposed port on the other side of the mechanism, which could cause application instability and security flaws. This mechanism has been deprecated by RFC 4966.
786:(CGN), which has a global IPv4 address. The original IPv4 packet is recovered and NAT is performed upon the IPv4 packet and is routed to the public IPv4 Internet. The CGN uniquely identifies traffic flows by recording the CPE public IPv6 address, the private IPv4 address, and TCP or UDP port number as a session.
524:, synthesizes the AAAA records from the A records. The first part of the synthesized IPv6 address points to an IPv6/IPv4 translator and the second part embeds the IPv4 address from the A record. The translator in question is usually a NAT64 server. The standard-track specification of DNS64 is in RFC 6147.
448:
The address, for example, if packets are to be transmitted from an IPv6 address (fec0:0:0:1::/64) to and IPV4 address (10.1.1.1) would read as fec0:0:0:1::10.1.1.1. The packets are routed towards the translator firstly through an IPv6/TCP protocol and then from the translator to the IPv4 host through
348:
to avoid changes to the transport protocol header checksum. The algorithm can be used in a solution that allows IPv6 hosts that do not have a permanently assigned IPv4 address to communicate with IPv4-only hosts. Address assignment and routing details are not addressed by the specification. SIIT can
641:
translator which translates them from IPv6 back into IPv4 and on to an IPv4-only server. The client translator may be implemented on the client itself or on an intermediate device and is known as the CLAT (Customer-side transLATor). The NAT64 translator, or PLAT (Provider-side transLATor), must be
807:
routing is a technique where IPv4 addresses are assigned to end hosts only while intermediate routers are only assigned IPv6 addresses. IPv4 routes are propagated as usual, and no packet translation or encapsulation is employed, but use an IPv6 next hop. V4-via-v6 reduces the amount of management
795:
extends DS-Lite by moving the NAT functionality from the ISP side to the CPE, eliminating the need to implement carrier-grade NAT. This is accomplished by allocating a port range for a shared IPv4 address to each CPE. Moving the NAT functionality to the CPE allows the ISP to reduce the amount of
704:(23H2) has the same implementation as Windows 10. A future version will extend CLAT support to other network devices (currently limited to WWAN). The implementation will use RFC 7050 (ipv4only.arpa DNS query), RFC 8781 (PREF64 , and RFC 8925 (DHCP Option 108) standard
625:
Unlike 6over4 (an older similar protocol using IPv4 multicast), ISATAP uses IPv4 as a virtual nonbroadcast multiple-access network (NBMA) data link layer, so that it does not require the underlying IPv4 network infrastructure to support multicast.
445:) method. TRT acts as an intermediate device between two hosts. The function of the translator is to convert IPV6 into IPV4 addresses and vice versa. TRT accomplishes this translation through IP address mapping and a custom IP address.
1830:
1920:
2026:
1735:
1953:
2502:
1820:
483:
is a mechanism to allow IPv6 hosts to communicate with IPv4 servers. The NAT64 server is the endpoint for at least one IPv4 address and an IPv6 network segment of 32-bits, e.g.,
264:(IPv6). As IPv4 and IPv6 networks are not directly interoperable, transition technologies are designed to permit hosts on either network type to communicate with any other host.
1797:
497:. The IPv6 client embeds the IPv4 address with which it wishes to communicate using these bits, and sends its packets to the resulting address. The NAT64 server then creates a
622:
ISATAP (Intra-Site
Automatic Tunnel Addressing Protocol) is an IPv6 transition mechanism meant to transmit IPv6 packets between dual-stack nodes on top of an IPv4 network.
429:
It was used for an early large deployment of an IPv6 service with native addresses during 2007 (RFC 5569). The standard-track specification of the protocol is in RFC 5969.
917:) is defined in RFC 2766, but due to numerous problems, it has been obsoleted by RFC 4966 and deprecated to historic status. It is typically used in conjunction with a
2667:
1909:
2371:
2681:
231:
2342:
642:
able to reach both the server and the client (through the CLAT). The use of NAT64 limits connections to a client-server model using UDP, TCP, and ICMP.
945:
2787:
2018:
808:
required, since the core network only needs to be assigned IPv6 addresses, but still requires that the core network be able to forward IPv4 packets.
2644:
2312:
2782:
1855:
1725:
1059:
855:
network. MAP-T and MAP-E entered standards track in July 2015, and Sky Italia has deployed MAP-T in its internet services as early as year 2021.
1787:
1703:
1942:
531:
It only works for cases where DNS is used to find the remote host address, if IPv4 literals are used the DNS64 server will never be involved.
2494:
2829:
1014:
17:
454:
279:
processes to develop these transition technologies towards that goal. Some basic IPv6 transition mechanisms are defined in RFC 4213.
96:
2635:
The China
Education and Research Network (CERNET) IVI Translation Design and Deployment for the IPv4/IPv6 Coexistence and Transition
2777:
951:
224:
148:
2856:
67:
356:
The specification is a product of the NGTRANS IETF working group, and was initially drafted in
February 2000 by E. Nordmark of
2658:
2115:
718:
has a native CLAT implementation since version 12.0, released in 2018. Additionally, Apple requires all apps submitted to the
2887:
1757:
217:
2584:
289:
2364:
2059:
1886:
2531:
2451:
2402:
2193:
2144:
1617:
1325:
1184:
1128:
890:. It supports an extension of IPv4 addressing based on transport-layer ports. This is a stateless variant of the
268:
2708:
871:
205:
634:
464XLAT (RFC 6877) allows clients on IPv6-only networks to access IPv4-only
Internet services, such as Skype.
200:
2334:
782:
IPv4 packets within IPv6 packets. The CPE uses its global IPv6 connection to deliver the packet to the ISP's
86:
267:
To meet its technical criteria, IPv6 must have a straightforward transition plan from the current IPv4. The
2839:
820:
984:
2834:
2304:
837:
771:
498:
372:
provides IPv6 connectivity by encapsulating IPv6 traffic in IPv4 Internet transit links, typically using
350:
257:
101:
2849:
2674:
Assuring
Interoperability Between Heterogeneous (IPv4/IPv6) Networks Without using Protocol Translation
681:
1851:
2882:
2844:
2749:
921:
796:
state tracked for each subscriber, which improves the scalability of the translation infrastructure.
407:
1996:
1693:
2649:
824:
122:
2803:
1315:
1235:
1118:
812:
695:
637:
The client uses a SIIT translator to convert packets from IPv4 to IPv6. These are then sent to a
422:
packets across automatic tunnels that follow the same optimized routes between customer nodes as
778:
for the LAN clients, according to the networking requirement in the local area network. The CPE
542:
will fail in cases where the DNS server doing the translation is not the domain owner's server.
2673:
376:. This establishes IPv6 tunnels within the IPv4 Internet. The tunnels may be managed with the
393:
377:
117:
72:
851:
port address translation with tunneling of the IPv4 packets over an ISP provider's internal
2553:
2473:
2444:
W. Dec; X. Li; C. Bao; S. Matsushima; T. Murakami (July 2015). O. Troan; T. Taylor (eds.).
2424:
2286:
2252:
2215:
2166:
1676:
1639:
1513:
1479:
1442:
1405:
1347:
1289:
1255:
1206:
1150:
1101:
1005:
Linux Kernel device that allow transmission of IPv4 unicast traffic through an IPv6 network
595:
276:
1975:
1613:
Stateful NAT64: Network
Address and Protocol Translation from IPv6 Clients to IPv4 Servers
874:
is an experimental mechanism to facilitate residual deployment of the IPv4 service across
539:
260:(IPv4) infrastructure in use since 1983 to the successor addressing and routing system of
8:
1064:
1584:
Heffernan, Andy; Tsirtsis, George; Srisuresh, Pyda; Akkiraju, Praveen (September 1999).
2701:
1662:
DNS64: DNS Extensions for
Network Address Translation from IPv6 Clients to IPv4 Servers
918:
863:
The following mechanisms are still being discussed or have been abandoned by the IETF:
685:
452:
TRT employs a similar operation to DNS translation between AAAA and A records known as
52:
1559:"Design and Implementation of Transport Relay Translator and its security Mitigations"
2717:
2580:
2545:
2465:
2416:
2207:
2158:
1821:"Orange Polska Has Launched a World's First Innovative IPv6 Solution with SoftAtHome"
1631:
1558:
1397:
1339:
1198:
1174:
1142:
891:
783:
399:
1045:
534:
Because the DNS64 server needs to return records not specified by the domain owner,
2682:
Configuring Hosts to Auto-detect (IPv6, IPv6-in-IPv4, or IPv4) Network
Connectivity
2655:
2535:
2455:
2406:
2276:
2242:
2197:
2148:
2107:
1792:
1730:
1666:
1621:
1503:
1469:
1432:
1387:
1329:
1279:
1245:
1188:
1132:
1091:
966:
816:
753:
357:
184:
91:
694:
has a native WWAN-only implementation of 464XLAT for desktop and mobile since the
2765:
2662:
1051:
844:
775:
719:
249:
143:
2630:
2620:
2610:
2600:
2590:
2556:
2525:
2476:
2445:
2427:
2396:
2289:
2270:
2255:
2236:
2218:
2187:
2169:
2138:
1765:
1679:
1660:
1642:
1611:
1516:
1497:
1482:
1463:
1445:
1426:
1408:
1381:
1367:
1363:
1359:
1350:
1319:
1301:
1292:
1273:
1258:
1239:
1218:
1209:
1178:
1153:
1122:
1104:
1085:
2395:
X. Li; C. Bao; O. Troan; S. Matsushima; T. Murakami (July 2015). W. Dec (ed.).
2081:
2019:"Apple to iOS devs: IPv6-only cell service is coming soon, get your apps ready"
1033:
packet filter supports IP version translation since version 5.1, includes NAT64
669:
272:
2686:
1023:, Berkeley Internet Name Domain DNS server, implements DNS64 since version 9.8
501:-mapping between the IPv6 and the IPv4 address, allowing them to communicate.
402:. It is a mechanism to facilitate rapid deployment of the IPv6 service across
2877:
2871:
2694:
2549:
2469:
2420:
2238:
Advertising IPv4 Network Layer
Reachability Information with an IPv6 Next Hop
2211:
2162:
1825:
1758:"464XLAT – A Solution for Providing IPv4 Services Over and IPv6-only Network"
1635:
1401:
1343:
1202:
1146:
1026:
1011:
IPv4/IPv6 packet translation implementation as a Linux kernel(2.6 only) patch
657:
369:
158:
138:
2524:
R. Despres; R. Penno; Y. Lee; G. Chen; M. Chen (July 2015). S. Jiang (ed.).
1499:
IPv6 Rapid
Deployment on IPv4 Infrastructures (6rd) – Protocol Specification
2739:
1761:
955:
735:
linux OS for routers has optional support for clat via the 464xlat package
660:
began IPv6-only (CLAT/NAT64/DNS) service in September 2013, migrating all
360:. It was revised in 2011, and in 2016 its current revision was published.
2744:
1585:
1531:
651:
517:
2049:
1878:
960:
551:# ipv6test.google.com to a NAT64 address: 64:ff9b::<original-ipv4>
2639:
1659:
Bagnulo, M.; Sullivan, A.; Matthews, P.; van Beijnum, I. (April 2011).
1002:
701:
691:
513:
2186:
Y. Cui; Q. Sun; M. Boucadair; T. Tsou; Y. Lee; I. Farrer (July 2015).
1172:
996:
2540:
2460:
2411:
2281:
2247:
2202:
2153:
1947:
1914:
1671:
1626:
1508:
1474:
1437:
1424:
1392:
1334:
1284:
1250:
1193:
1137:
1096:
779:
678:
became IPv6-only for mobile services using 464XLAT in February 2020.
2189:
Lightweight 4over6: An Extension to the Dual-Stack Lite Architecture
1910:"Core Network Stack Features in the Creators Update for Windows 10"
1609:
521:
345:
253:
2136:
1658:
1583:
1017:, a reverse proxy and VPN solution that implements DNS64 and NAT64
1030:
740:
732:
675:
601:
2394:
712:
starts to have native CLAT support in Ventura, released in 2022.
527:
There are two noticeable issues with this transition mechanism:
271:(IETF) conducts working groups and discussions through the IETF
2824:
2523:
2185:
2140:
Dual-Stack Lite Broadband Deployments Following IPv4 Exhaustion
2054:
1698:
978:
791:
617:
535:
163:
62:
2527:
IPv4 Residual Deployment via IPv6 - A Stateless Solution (4rd)
2443:
2272:
Pv4 Routes with an IPv6 Next Hop in the Babel Routing Protocol
1233:
990:
972:
752:"DS-Lite" redirects here. For the 2006 video game system, see
2645:
Christian and Tina Strauf – Transport Relay Translator How To
1908:
Havey, Daniel; Balasubramanian, Praveen (February 14, 2019).
1087:
Technical Criteria for Choosing IP The Next Generation (IPng)
841:
726:
709:
638:
548:# DNS resolver 2606:4700:4700:64 synthesizes AAAA records for
480:
467:
381:
179:
82:
1425:
A. Durand; P. Fasano; I. Guardini; D. Lento (January 2001).
2734:
2720:
1020:
1008:
887:
883:
875:
852:
848:
665:
661:
423:
419:
415:
411:
403:
373:
306:. The SIIT method defines a class of IPv6 addresses called
303:
299:
261:
77:
57:
47:
1726:"Video: 464XLAT Live Demo at World IPv6 Congress in Paris"
770:
technology does not involve allocating an IPv4 address to
2770:
1586:"DNS extensions to Network Address Translators (DNS_ALG)"
1117:
879:
774:(CPE) for providing Internet access. The CPE distributes
759:
715:
2137:
A. Durand; R. Droms; J. Woodyatt; Y. Lee (August 2011).
472:
2679:
KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems -
1383:
IPv6 Tunnel Broker with the Tunnel Setup Protocol (TSP)
948:, port translator for Windows & Unix-based systems.
934:
Network Address Port Translation + Protocol Translation
2447:
Mapping of Address and Port with Encapsulation (MAP-E)
1852:"Telstra IPv6 Wireless Enablement – IPv6 Single Stack"
1788:"Case Study: T-Mobile US Goes IPv6-only Using 464XLAT"
1610:
M. Bagnulo; P. Matthews; I. van Beijnum (April 2011).
963:, a CLAT / SIIT-DC Edge Relay implementation for Linux
2398:
Mapping of Address and Port using Translation (MAP-T)
1907:
1379:
1041:
981:, a SIIT and stateful NAT64 implementation for Linux
1465:
IPv6 Rapid Deployment on IPv4 Infrastructures (6rd)
1313:
1083:
902:These mechanisms have been deprecated by the IETF:
344:node. The prefix was chosen to yield a zero-valued
1177:; M. Bagnulo; M. Boucadair; X. Li (October 2010).
554:$ nslookup ipv6test.google.com 2606:4700:4700::64
298:) translates between the packet header formats in
2788:Comparison of IPv6 support in common applications
2869:
2234:
911:Network Address Translation/Protocol Translation
282:
2783:Comparison of IPv6 support in operating systems
2716:
2235:Le Faucheur, François; Rosen, Eric (May 2009).
1084:Partridge, C.; Kastenholz, F. (December 1994).
1060:Comparison of IPv6 support in operating systems
684:includes a native implementation of CLAT since
406:infrastructures of Internet service providers (
1529:
1275:Stateless IP/ICMP Translation Algorithm (SIIT)
743:has implemented NAT64 CLAT since Release 12.1.
432:
410:). It uses stateless address mappings between
2702:
2362:
2335:"[Babel-users] ANNOUNCE: babeld-1.12"
954:, BSD-based static TRT implementation by the
882:, it uses stateless address mappings between
225:
1532:"An IPv6-to-IPv4 Transport Relay Translator"
975:, a stateless NAT64 implementation for Linux
747:
2016:
1652:
1489:
1271:
2709:
2695:
2332:
2305:"[RFC] Babel: Add v4viav6 Support"
2268:
1818:
1455:
1077:
1015:Microsoft Forefront Unified Access Gateway
232:
218:
2539:
2492:
2459:
2410:
2280:
2246:
2201:
2152:
1943:"Windows 11 Plans to Expand CLAT Support"
1670:
1625:
1507:
1473:
1436:
1391:
1333:
1283:
1249:
1229:
1227:
1192:
1168:
1166:
1136:
1095:
349:be viewed as a special case of stateless
2778:World IPv6 Day and World IPv6 Launch Day
2302:
2047:
1556:
1380:M. Blanchet; F. Parent (February 2010).
1180:IPv6 Addressing of IPv4/IPv6 Translators
897:
758:
471:
2857:Site Multihoming by IPv6 Intermediation
2517:
2437:
2388:
2303:Rammhold, Andreas (December 15, 2020).
2179:
2130:
1603:
1461:
1241:Stateless IP/ICMP Translation Algorithm
997:Address Family Transition Router (AFTR)
566:canonical name = ipv6test.l.google.com.
14:
2870:
2062:from the original on December 17, 2022
1889:from the original on December 17, 2022
1738:from the original on 13 September 2017
1530:Hagino, J.; Yamamoto, K. (June 2001).
1418:
1373:
1307:
1265:
1224:
1163:
1121:; X. Li; C. Bao; K. Yin (April 2011).
1111:
332:, in which the IPv4 formatted address
2690:
2505:from the original on 21 February 2023
2118:from the original on January 15, 2023
1923:from the original on February 1, 2023
1819:Twardowska, Marta (January 6, 2015).
1800:from the original on February 4, 2024
1495:
248:is a technology that facilitates the
2363:Mark Townsley (September 24, 2012).
2108:"FreeBSD 12.1-RELEASE Release Notes"
2105:
2017:van Beijnum, Iljitsch (2015-06-16).
1723:
1238:; T. Anderson; F. Gont (June 2016).
799:
2625:Framework for IPv4/IPv6 Translation
2333:Chroboczek, Juliusz (May 5, 2022).
1124:Framework for IPv4/IPv6 Translation
725:clatd is a CLAT implementation for
24:
1956:from the original on March 8, 2024
1858:from the original on June 12, 2023
969:, a NAT64 implementation for Linux
939:
932:While almost identical to NAT-PT,
858:
27:IPv4 to IPv6 transition technology
25:
2899:
2570:
2106:Baoi, Danilo G. (June 19, 2021).
1997:"[v6ops] iOS12 IPv6-only"
1876:
993:, a NAT64 gateway, includes DNS64
2269:Chroboczek, Juliusz (May 2022).
1044:
598:dns server via the dns64 module
363:
310:addresses. They have the prefix
2640:D. J. Bernstein – The IPv6 mess
2579:, Benedikt Stockebrand (2006),
2532:Internet Engineering Task Force
2493:Patterson, Richard (May 2021).
2486:
2452:Internet Engineering Task Force
2403:Internet Engineering Task Force
2377:from the original on 2022-12-29
2356:
2345:from the original on 2022-12-29
2326:
2315:from the original on 2022-12-29
2296:
2262:
2228:
2194:Internet Engineering Task Force
2145:Internet Engineering Task Force
2099:
2082:"OpenWrt Wiki package: 464xlat"
2074:
2048:Anderson, Tore (May 20, 2019).
2041:
2029:from the original on 2016-06-28
2010:
1989:
1968:
1935:
1901:
1870:
1844:
1833:from the original on 2023-01-15
1812:
1780:
1750:
1717:
1706:from the original on 2024-04-07
1686:
1618:Internet Engineering Task Force
1577:
1550:
1523:
1326:Internet Engineering Task Force
1185:Internet Engineering Task Force
1129:Internet Engineering Task Force
654:became IPv6-only using 464XLAT.
516:that when asked for a domain's
269:Internet Engineering Task Force
872:IPv4 Residual Deployment (4rd)
819:. It has been implemented the
13:
1:
2656:Understanding Dual-Stack Lite
1538:. Request for Comments Editor
1321:IP/ICMP Translation Algorithm
1272:E. Nordmark (February 2000).
1070:
811:V4-via-v6 is defined for the
283:Stateless IP/ICMP Translation
2888:IPv6 transition technologies
2840:Multicast Listener Discovery
2309:BIRD Internet Routing Daemon
1462:Despres, R. (January 2010).
821:Bird Internet routing daemon
153:
7:
2835:Neighbor Discovery Protocol
1037:
838:Mapping of Address and Port
772:customer-premises equipment
439:Transport Relay Translation
433:Transport Relay Translation
351:network address translation
262:Internet Protocol Version 6
258:Internet Protocol version 4
10:
2904:
2850:Multicast router discovery
1724:Žorž, Jan (3 April 2013).
1370:.
1304:.
1221:.
999:, a DS-Lite implementation
927:
924:(DNS-ALG) implementation.
751:
629:
615:
604:via unbound opkg packages.
465:
391:
34:IPv6 transition mechanisms
18:IPv6 transition mechanisms
2845:Secure Neighbor Discovery
2817:
2809:IPv6 transition mechanism
2796:
2758:
2727:
1496:Troan, O. (August 2010).
1431:. Network Working Group.
1278:. Network Working Group.
922:application-level gateway
905:
748:Dual-Stack Lite (DS-Lite)
722:to work on IPv6 networks.
672:gateways by January 2015.
611:
418:addresses, and transmits
246:IPv6 transition mechanism
2365:"Mapping Address + Port"
847:proposal which combines
557:Non-authoritative answer
545:
504:
461:
458:as defined in RFC 2694.
2804:IPv4 address exhaustion
1879:"What is Android CLAT?"
813:Border Gateway Protocol
538:validation against the
449:an IPv4/TCP protocol.
2495:"IPv6-Only with MAP-T"
1362:. Updated by RFC
1358:Obsoleted by RFC
1300:Obsoleted by RFC
866:
832:
817:Babel routing protocol
776:private IPv4 addresses
764:
688:4.3, released in 2013.
477:
387:
324:and may be written as
2669:IETE Technical Review
898:Deprecated mechanisms
762:
575:ipv6test.l.google.com
475:
437:RFC 3142 defines the
398:6rd was developed by
394:IPv6 rapid deployment
378:Tunnel Setup Protocol
1854:. February 6, 2020.
696:2017 Creators Update
277:Request for Comments
2797:IPv4 to IPv6 topics
2605:Socks-based Gateway
2499:RIPE NCC Open House
2339:Debian Alioth Lists
1768:on 12 November 2020
1065:Softwire (protocol)
987:, user-level NAT-PT
563:ipv6test.google.com
2661:2011-10-20 at the
2482:Proposed Standard.
2433:Proposed Standard.
2224:Proposed Standard.
2175:Proposed Standard.
1648:Proposed Standard.
1428:IPv6 Tunnel Broker
1215:Proposed Standard.
765:
584:64:ff9b::8efa:c3e4
478:
53:Lightweight 4over6
2865:
2864:
2818:Related protocols
2718:Internet Protocol
2595:Bump-in-the-Stack
1796:. June 13, 2014.
1557:Shanmugaraja, P.
1217:Updates RFC
800:V4-via-v6 routing
784:carrier-grade NAT
520:, but only finds
242:
241:
16:(Redirected from
2895:
2883:Routing software
2711:
2704:
2697:
2688:
2687:
2577:IPv6 in Practice
2564:
2560:
2543:
2541:10.17487/RFC7600
2521:
2515:
2514:
2512:
2510:
2490:
2484:
2480:
2463:
2461:10.17487/RFC7597
2441:
2435:
2431:
2414:
2412:10.17487/RFC7599
2392:
2386:
2385:
2383:
2382:
2376:
2369:
2360:
2354:
2353:
2351:
2350:
2330:
2324:
2323:
2321:
2320:
2300:
2294:
2293:
2284:
2282:10.17487/RFC9229
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2250:
2248:10.17487/RFC5549
2232:
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2203:10.17487/RFC7596
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2154:10.17487/RFC6333
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1793:Internet Society
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1764:. Archived from
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1731:Internet Society
1721:
1715:
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1672:10.17487/RFC6147
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1563:researchgate.net
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1509:10.17487/RFC5969
1493:
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1393:10.17487/RFC5572
1377:
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1354:
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1335:10.17487/RFC6145
1311:
1305:
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1285:10.17487/RFC2765
1269:
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1251:10.17487/RFC7915
1231:
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1196:
1194:10.17487/RFC6052
1170:
1161:
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1138:10.17487/RFC6144
1115:
1109:
1108:
1099:
1097:10.17487/RFC1726
1081:
1054:
1049:
1048:
946:stone (software)
754:Nintendo DS Lite
585:
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579:
576:
573:
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555:
552:
549:
495:
494:
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358:Sun Microsystems
338:
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328:::ffff:0:a.b.c.d
322:
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30:
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21:
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2792:
2766:IPv6 deployment
2754:
2723:
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2663:Wayback Machine
2615:Bump-in-the-API
2573:
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2015:
2011:
2001:
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1995:
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1980:
1978:
1974:
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1969:
1959:
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1950:Networking Blog
1941:
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1917:Networking Blog
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1565:. Research Gate
1555:
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1528:
1524:
1494:
1490:
1460:
1456:
1423:
1419:
1378:
1374:
1314:X. Li; C. Bao;
1312:
1308:
1270:
1266:
1234:C. Bao; X. Li;
1232:
1225:
1171:
1164:
1116:
1112:
1082:
1078:
1073:
1052:Internet portal
1050:
1043:
1040:
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940:Implementations
930:
908:
900:
878:networks. Like
869:
861:
859:Draft proposals
845:IPv6 transition
835:
802:
768:Dual-Stack Lite
757:
750:
646:Implementations
632:
620:
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608:
590:Implementations
587:
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583:
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568:
565:
562:
559:
556:
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492:
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476:NAT64 and DNS64
470:
464:
435:
396:
390:
366:
335:
334:
327:
326:
319:
316:
313:
312:
308:IPv4-translated
285:
273:Internet Drafts
238:
40:Standards Track
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2901:
2891:
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2597:
2587:
2572:
2571:External links
2569:
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2485:
2436:
2387:
2355:
2325:
2295:
2261:
2227:
2178:
2129:
2098:
2073:
2040:
2009:
1988:
1967:
1934:
1900:
1869:
1843:
1811:
1779:
1749:
1716:
1694:"README.DNS64"
1685:
1651:
1602:
1590:rfc-editor.org
1576:
1549:
1536:rfc-editor.org
1522:
1488:
1454:
1451:Informational.
1417:
1372:
1318:(April 2011).
1306:
1264:
1223:
1162:
1159:Informational.
1110:
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929:
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860:
857:
834:
831:
815:(BGP) and the
801:
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749:
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730:
723:
713:
706:
705:
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689:
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631:
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616:Main article:
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466:Main article:
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392:Main article:
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2651:Network World
2648:
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2622:
2618:
2616:
2612:
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2602:
2598:
2596:
2592:
2588:
2586:
2585:3-540-24524-3
2582:
2578:
2575:
2574:
2563:
2562:Experimental.
2558:
2555:
2551:
2547:
2542:
2537:
2533:
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2520:
2504:
2500:
2496:
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2087:
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2020:
2013:
1998:
1992:
1977:
1971:
1955:
1951:
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1944:
1938:
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1911:
1904:
1888:
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1826:Business Wire
1822:
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1467:
1466:
1458:
1452:
1447:
1444:
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1415:
1414:Experimental.
1410:
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1080:
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1061:
1058:
1057:
1053:
1047:
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1032:
1028:
1027:PF (firewall)
1025:
1022:
1019:
1016:
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1010:
1007:
1004:
1001:
998:
995:
992:
989:
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943:
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925:
923:
920:
916:
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903:
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893:
889:
885:
881:
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873:
864:
856:
854:
850:
846:
843:
839:
830:
828:
827:
822:
818:
814:
809:
806:
797:
794:
793:
787:
785:
781:
777:
773:
769:
761:
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739:
738:
734:
731:
728:
724:
721:
717:
714:
711:
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707:
703:
700:
697:
693:
690:
687:
683:
680:
677:
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671:
667:
663:
659:
658:Orange Polska
656:
653:
650:
649:
645:
644:
643:
640:
635:
627:
623:
619:
609:
603:
600:
597:
594:
593:
589:
588:
541:
537:
533:
530:
529:
528:
525:
523:
519:
515:
511:
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500:
496:
482:
474:
469:
459:
457:
456:
450:
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444:
440:
430:
427:
425:
421:
417:
413:
409:
405:
401:
395:
385:
383:
379:
375:
371:
370:tunnel broker
364:Tunnel broker
361:
359:
354:
352:
347:
343:
340:refers to an
339:
331:
323:
309:
305:
301:
297:
293:
291:
288:Stateless IP/
280:
278:
274:
270:
265:
263:
259:
255:
251:
250:transitioning
247:
235:
230:
228:
223:
221:
216:
215:
213:
212:
207:
204:
202:
199:
198:
197:
196:
192:
191:
186:
183:
181:
178:
177:
176:
175:
171:
170:
165:
162:
160:
159:Public 4over6
157:
155:
152:
150:
147:
145:
142:
140:
139:Tunnel broker
137:
136:
135:
134:
131:Informational
130:
129:
124:
121:
119:
116:
115:
114:
113:
109:
108:
103:
100:
98:
95:
93:
90:
88:
84:
81:
79:
76:
74:
71:
69:
66:
64:
61:
59:
56:
54:
51:
49:
46:
45:
44:
43:
39:
38:
35:
32:
31:
19:
2808:
2740:IPv6 address
2678:
2668:
2650:
2634:
2624:
2614:
2604:
2594:
2576:
2561:
2526:
2519:
2507:. Retrieved
2498:
2488:
2481:
2446:
2439:
2432:
2397:
2390:
2379:. Retrieved
2358:
2347:. Retrieved
2338:
2328:
2317:. Retrieved
2308:
2298:
2271:
2264:
2237:
2230:
2223:
2188:
2181:
2174:
2139:
2132:
2120:. Retrieved
2111:
2101:
2089:. Retrieved
2085:
2076:
2064:. Retrieved
2053:
2043:
2031:. Retrieved
2023:Ars Technica
2022:
2012:
2000:. Retrieved
1991:
1979:. Retrieved
1970:
1958:. Retrieved
1946:
1937:
1925:. Retrieved
1913:
1903:
1891:. Retrieved
1882:
1877:Drown, Dan.
1872:
1860:. Retrieved
1846:
1835:. Retrieved
1824:
1814:
1802:. Retrieved
1791:
1782:
1770:. Retrieved
1766:the original
1762:T-Mobile USA
1752:
1740:. Retrieved
1729:
1719:
1708:. Retrieved
1697:
1688:
1661:
1654:
1647:
1612:
1605:
1593:. Retrieved
1589:
1579:
1567:. Retrieved
1562:
1552:
1540:. Retrieved
1535:
1525:
1498:
1491:
1464:
1457:
1450:
1427:
1420:
1413:
1382:
1375:
1355:
1320:
1309:
1297:
1274:
1267:
1240:
1214:
1179:
1158:
1123:
1113:
1086:
1079:
956:KAME project
933:
931:
914:
910:
909:
901:
870:
862:
836:
825:
810:
804:
803:
790:Lightweight
789:
788:
780:encapsulates
767:
766:
636:
633:
624:
621:
607:
526:
518:AAAA records
512:describes a
509:
508:
484:
479:
453:
451:
447:
442:
438:
436:
428:
400:Rémi Després
397:
367:
355:
342:IPv6-enabled
341:
333:
325:
314:::ffff:0:0:0
311:
307:
295:
287:
286:
266:
245:
243:
110:Experimental
33:
2750:Mobile IPv6
2745:IPv6 packet
2122:January 15,
2066:January 15,
1927:January 15,
1893:January 15,
1883:Dan's Notes
1804:January 15,
840:(MAP) is a
652:T-Mobile US
292:Translation
2872:Categories
2759:Deployment
2381:2012-09-25
2349:2023-01-15
2319:2023-01-15
2002:5 November
1837:2023-01-15
1710:2024-04-07
1175:C. Huitema
1071:References
702:Windows 11
692:Windows 10
686:Jelly Bean
514:DNS server
193:Deprecated
2721:version 6
2629:RFC
2619:RFC
2609:RFC
2599:RFC
2589:RFC
2550:2070-1721
2470:2070-1721
2421:2070-1721
2370:. Cisco.
2212:2070-1721
2163:2070-1721
1976:"Twitter"
1948:Microsoft
1915:Microsoft
1636:2070-1721
1402:2070-1721
1356:Obsolete.
1344:2070-1721
1298:Obsolete.
1203:2070-1721
1147:2070-1721
805:V4-via-v6
720:App Store
522:A records
487:64:ff9b::
426:packets.
380:(TSP) or
256:from the
2659:Archived
2534:(IETF).
2509:1 August
2503:Archived
2454:(IETF).
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2147:(IETF).
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1620:(IETF).
1328:(IETF).
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1187:(IETF).
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1131:(IETF).
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