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ending with pupation case, leaving the entrance blocked by sawdust. The pupae are immobile, cream in colour and soft bodied. This phase lasts 2 or 3 weeks, after which the insect leaves the chamber as an adult. With favorable weather the entire development lasts four to five months. The oviposition takes place in April or May, so the weevils emerge in August or
September, but are not sexually active until after the winter. The
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In the spring, after hibernation, in the ground in the forest litter, females lay eggs on, in, or near the roots of sick, or freshly felled trees. A female can lay up to 100 eggs in her life. The larvae hatch after 2 or 3 weeks, and feed under the bark, excavating galleries and complete development,
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The pine weevil problem is very much related to the practice of clear-felling and planting. There is clear evidence showing that pine weevil problems are smaller in natural regeneration than in plantations. Natural regeneration is often a good strategy to avoid
Hylobius damage at sites where
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lives from two to three years, during which it reproduce in following seasons. In colder seasons the larval development is longer and then the whole cycle lasts twelve months, resulting that imagos able to reproduce quickly. Biennial generation it is also common, by which the larvae hatch from eggs
237:
cues. Mating also usually takes place in the soil. To get to maturity, adults feed on the bark and phloem of seedlings and young conifers, but sometimes also deciduous trees, causing severe growth loss, stem deformities and increased mortality. Thus, in the years following the clearing of plots and
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Adults can be found all year long although they usually hibernate during the cold winter months. New adults ready to reproduce are attracted to freshly cut stumps of conifers. Eggs are deposited singly (one or two per day) under the ground into stumps, thick roots or in the soil in their vicinity.
337:
Entomopathogenic nematodes are microscopic worms that kill only insects. Nematodes of the families
Steinernematidae and Heterorhabditidae are used as biological insecticides against a number of soils inhabiting insect pest. Laboratory and field research has demonstrated that the larval, pupal and
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trees in
European plantations. Seedlings planted or arising from natural regeneration (germinated seed-fall) after clear felling operations are especially at risk. The adult weevils cause damage by eating the bark of seedlings around the 'collar' of the stem, thus 'ring-barking' the tree seedling
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For more than 100 years, different ways of suppressing the weevil population have been tried, generally with poor results. Some of these techniques are still useful either as tools to monitor weevil populations. Debarking of stumps was also practiced as a weevil suppression technique, but is now
268:. The imago eats throughout the growing season, but the especially intensive attacks are observed April–May (spring attack) and from August to September (autumn attack). Clear cuttings, if not followed by burning or removing of the thick branches and stumps favor the spread of the pest.
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Insecticides (mainly seedling dressing) provide the mainly used method of protection transplant from H. abietis feeding damage. Now other methods are being considered, like the use of natural parasites. Physical barriers of seedlings are also used in some of the
European countries.
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The adult weevils are approximately 10–13 mm (0.39–0.51 in) in length (without beak/snout) and are dark brown with patches of yellow or light brown hairs arranged in irregular rows on their elytra. The legs are black or deep red with a distinctive tooth on the
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The large pine weevils have a tendency to attack artificially fertilized trees, especially those fertilized with phosphorus which causes greater nutritional quality of phloem for the weevils or make faster more attractive plants for the weevils due to faster growing.
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Various natural enemies attack immature and adult pine weevils in the wild. Natural enemies include predatory beetles, insect killing fungi, microscopic insect killing worms (entomopathogenic nematodes) and a parasitic wasp,
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HERBIVORÍA DE CORTEZA SOBRE CONÍFERAS DE INTERÉS FORESTAL, EL CASO DE Hylobius abietis. EFECTO DE LA FERTILIZACIÓN DE ESTABLECIMIENTO Y POSIBILIDADES DE SELECCIÓN DE PROGENIES RESISTENTES. Luis
Sampedro1 y Rafael
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damage, by Julia Brixey) In 1994 was treated in
Asturias (Spain), because of great attack, with Metoxicloro 1% in 20 ha affected. The result was quite good, but the problem was not totally solved.
405:. Ent.Exp. Appl. 85:1-9] Nordlander G, et al. (1986) Orientation of the pine weevil Hylobius abietis to underground sources of host volatiles Entomol. exp. appl. 41: 91-100
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316:. Ground beetles, nematodes and fungi can kill both immature and adult weevils. The parasitic wasp attacks pine weevil larvae only. Fungus
224:. The full grown larvae are 14–16 mm (0.55–0.63 in), typical for weevils, apodial, curved and are whitish, with brown head.
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Controlling the large pine weevil, Hylobius abietis, using natural enemies. Aoife Dillon and
Christine Griffin
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laid in May, live through the whole season overwinter and the imago appears in July or August next year.
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it can be practiced, but old spruce stands are often unstable and natural regeneration hence risky.
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in the concealed environment of the tree stump. (The potential for biological control to reduce
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195:. This species is widely regarded as the most important pest of most commercially important
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Guide to the
Insects of Britain and Western Europe, Michael Chinery (1986, reprinted 1991)
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Large pine weevils can locate spots on the ground to dig into in a great precision using
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are well adapted to their host and both are capable of locating, infecting and killing
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planting of new seedlings, adults that hatch in large numbers may cause a plague.
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452:"Damage, Control and Management of Weevil Pests, Especially Hylobius Abietis"
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The main damage is caused by the adults that feed on the bark and the
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Beetles in Colour, Leif
Lyneborg (1976, Translated from Danish 1977)
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Nordlander G, et al. (1997) Oviposition patterns of the pine weevil
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are susceptible to these nematodes. In contrast, the parasitic wasp
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Bark and Wood Boring Insects in Living Trees in Europe, a Synthesis
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The pine weevil Hylobius abietis - Biology and current research
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http://www.forestry.gov.uk/pdf/RIN273.pdf/$ FILE/TRIN273.pdf
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350:. The life cycles of entomopathogenic nematodes and
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488:"SYDOWIA - An International Journal of Mycology"
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302:Developmental stages of the large pine weevil
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286:abandoned as laborious and inefficient.
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281:Trapping-out and population suppression
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200:which usually results in its demise.
705:e4657354-2c83-4504-9e70-518e74a29407
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842:Insect pests of temperate forests
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450:Långström, B.; Day, K.R. (2004).
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290:Silvicultural countermeasures
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464:10.1007/978-1-4020-2241-8_19
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852:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus
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847:Beetles described in 1758
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48:Scientific classification
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326:order) is a pathogen of
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804:Paleobiology Database
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185:the large pine weevil
700:Fauna Europaea (new)
568:at Wikimedia Commons
458:. pp. 415–444.
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220:and at the end of
389:2008-05-02 at the
307:Biological control
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837:Beetles of Europe
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791:Open Tree of Life
578:Taxon identifiers
564:Media related to
473:978-1-4020-2240-1
319:Tarichium hylobii
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324:Entomophthorales
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726:iNaturalist
610:Wikispecies
497:29 December
211:Description
826:Categories
366:References
356:H. abietis
352:B. hylobii
348:H. abietis
344:B. Hylobii
340:H. abietis
246:Life cycle
197:coniferous
105:Coleoptera
85:Arthropoda
832:Molytinae
235:olfactory
228:Behaviour
133:Species:
71:Kingdom:
65:Eukaryota
624:BioLib:
595:Wikidata
387:Archived
165:Linnaeus
126:Hylobius
111:Family:
81:Phylum:
75:Animalia
61:Domain:
718:7805462
601:Q176864
272:Control
266:cambium
121:Genus:
101:Order:
95:Insecta
91:Class:
809:292578
796:273894
770:201999
731:464329
692:257225
679:274642
666:HYLOAB
640:151539
529:
519:
470:
260:Damage
222:tibiae
218:femora
189:beetle
744:28175
674:EUNIS
653:6MNYJ
627:13299
253:imago
187:is a
783:8569
765:NCBI
713:GBIF
661:EPPO
635:BOLD
527:ISBN
517:ISBN
499:2022
468:ISBN
169:1758
752:NBN
739:ISC
648:CoL
460:doi
428:Zas
183:or
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