532:
1747:
1591:
1340:
1725:
1296:
1474:
749:
4530:
3902:
1830:
2134:
705:), for example, develops a deeper blue color when it grows during cooler autumn weather. Optimal growth occurs during periods of frequent light rains and high humidity; if the habitat dries out, growth will stop, but may resume after further precipitation. This intermittent growth affects the fruitbodies of different species to variable extents, leading to large variations in form, surface texture, and color. The morphological variability of fruitbodies and the dependence of their appearance upon environmental conditions has made
1435:
1786:
888:
2229:
2173:
1630:
1274:
763:
2365:
1925:
1569:
619:
56:
1652:
2270:
2326:
1947:
1808:
1318:
735:
2095:
1035:
1852:
4587:
33:
2056:
1396:
4573:
522:
species complex, resulting in frequent misinterpretations of these old and widely applied names. At the moment, the number of phylogenetically distinct lineages confirmed by molecular sequencing exceeds the number of described taxa in the genus, making further taxonomic revisions inevitable in the
777:
The caps form from the top of the short stipe by the growth and expansion of a blunt margin and later as a thickening of the upper surface. Spines start to form when the cap hangs over the stipe slightly. They are white in many species, but become brown in maturity as the brown-colored spores
560:
has a zoned appearance and is fibrous when fresh, but becomes hard and woody when dry. Zones in the flesh reflect differences in growth during periods of low daytime and high nighttime humidity, and give a fairly accurate record of daily growth. The spines are crowded closely together and are
721:, initially white, becomes in turn shades of orange, rusty-brown, and brownish-black. Its fruitbody initially has a turbinate (cushion-like) shape with a lumpy surface, later becoming flattened to funnel-shaped with a smooth to corrugated surface texture.
235:
fruitbodies, which are greatly influenced by environmental conditions such as rainfall and humidity, drying winds, and temperature. They are too tough and woody to eat comfortably. Several species have become the focus of increasing
555:
have caps and stipes, often with indeterminant growth forms, that may grow in spurts and decay over several weeks. Neighboring fruitbodies can coalesce, forming intricately intertwined caps and partially fused stipes. The
858:
and upper soil of pine forests. This mycelial mat grows larger with old trees, and can cover an area of several square meters. These areas generally lack dwarf shrubs and promote the vigorous growth of mosses;
700:
species tend to be more distinguishable in younger specimens. Fruitbody development is greatly influenced by environmental factors such as levels of rainfall, drying winds, and temperature. The blue tooth
2620:
Binder M, Hibbett DS, Larsson KH, Larsson E, Langer E, Langer G (2005). "The phylogenetic distribution of resupinate forms across the major clades of mushroom-forming fungi (Homobasidiomycetes)".
3530:
van der Linde S, Holden E, Parkin PI, Alexander IJ, Anderson IC (2012). "Now you see it, now you don't: The challenge of detecting, monitoring and conserving ectomycorrhizal fungi".
565:(extending down the length of the stipe). Fruitbodies may display a variety of colors, from white to yellow, olive green, shades of orange, light brown, or dark brown in age.
902:
species have been shown to be in decline in Europe, including the Czech
Republic, the Netherlands, Norway, and Scotland. In the United Kingdom, several are listed in the
4485:
4393:
4304:
270:, also known as "strawberries and cream" or as the "bleeding tooth fungus" due to the red droplets that appear on the pinkish or whitish fruitbodies. Another species,
1892:
717:
of many species and the changes in appearance that occur during the long period of their development have confused all workers studying this group." For example,
1675:
3403:
Newton AC, Holden E, Davy LM, Ward SD, Fleming LV, Watling R (2002). "Status and distribution of stipitate hydnoid fungi in
Scottish coniferous forests".
4103:
Douch, James K.; Vaughan, Luke J.; Cooper, Jerry A.; Holmes, Gareth D.; Robinson, Richard; Stefani, Franck; Idnurm, Alexander; May, Tom W. (2024-08-29).
2040:
1010:
species without having to rely on the presence of fruitbodies, which may help conservation efforts as well as improve understanding of below-ground
2655:
Tedersoo L, May T, Smith ME (2010). "Ectomycorrhizal lifestyle in fungi: global diversity, distribution, and evolution of phylogenetic lineages".
863:
often occur in the center of large mats. The presence of the fungus changes the nature of the soil, resulting in a thinner humus layer, decreased
1106:, used in North America and Scandinavia to dye silk and wool, produces a range of colors including tan, blue, and forest-green, depending on the
875:
as well as the quantity of roots. The fungus also decreases the organic carbon and nitrogen concentrations. Soil with the mycelium becomes more
2741:
Parfitt D, Ainsworth AM, Simpson D, Rogers HJ, Boddy L (2007). "Molecular and morphological discrimination of stipitate hydnoids in the genera
4779:
607:: generative hyphae (thin-walled, not inflated); skeletal hyphae (thick-walled and narrow); and thin-walled gloeoplerous-like hyphae, which
4652:
4863:
3993:
4538:
531:
3495:
van der Linde S, Alexander I, Anderson IC (2008). "A PCR-based method for detecting the mycelia of stipitate hydnoid fungi in soil".
2592:
425:. In 1981, however, Walter Jülich emended Donk's concept of the Bankeraceae, adding hydnoid genera that produced brown, lobed spores—
4727:
990:
are hindered by the fact that some species are difficult to discriminate in the field, making it hard to determine an appropriate
4493:
4401:
4312:
4216:
3976:
3650:
3092:
3065:
3005:
2541:
1076:
629:
In conditions of high humidity, several species can form striking colored drops on the actively growing caps: red drops in
1114:
produces gray, brown, and olive colors. Hydnuferrugin and hydnuferruginin are pigments responsible for the coloration of
3340:
Arnolds E. (1989). "Former and present distribution of stipitate hydnaceous fungi (Basidiomycetes) in the
Netherlands".
231:
of its members grow by slowly enveloping nearby bits of grass and vegetation. There is great variability in the form of
2703:
Baird R, Wallace L, Baker G, Scruggs M (2013). "Stipitate hydnoid fungi of the temperate southeastern United States".
3364:"Distribution and ecology of stipitate hydnaceous fungi in Norway, with special reference to the question of decline"
1746:
4784:
4868:
822:
2567:
4858:
4766:
2943:
1590:
4525:(Report). Vol. 1099. Ottawa, Canada: Research Branch, Canada Department of Agriculture. pp. 1–60.
1731:
1339:
3742:
Kwak JY, Rhee IK, Lee KB, Hwang JS, Yoo ID, Song KS (1999). "Thelephoric acid and kynapcin-9 in mushroom
2599:
1171:
503:
449:
4577:
3765:
Quang DN, Hashimoto T, Hitaka Y, Tanaka M, Nukada M, Yamamoto I, Asakawa Y (2004). "Thelephantins I-N;
1080:
296:
4820:
1724:
506:
region by
Parfitt and colleagues and Ainsworth and colleagues, have further revealed multiple cryptic
55:
4794:
4104:
2004:
995:
713:, who described several new species from North America, noted "he remarkable longevity of individual
4719:
4529:
4423:
4151:
3916:
3901:
2510:
2196:
1089:
903:
370:
3431:
2179:
2079:
1597:
1295:
1280:
1026:, the fungus can persist below the ground for at least four years without producing fruitbodies.
952:
827:
518:
3274:
Fisher RF (1972). "Spodosol development and nutrient distribution under
Hydnaceae fungal mats".
3057:
3050:
748:
4605:
4334:
3816:
Wang SM, Han JJ, Ma K, Jin T, Bao L, Pei YF, Liu HW (2014). "New α-glucosidase inhibitors with
2837:
sp. nov. (Basidiomycota, Thelephorales), a new tooth-fungus from southern Europe with notes on
2235:
2157:
1931:
1753:
1692:
940:
846:
474:
4045:"Reassessment of the generic limits for Hydnellum and Sarcodon (Thelephorales, Basidiomycota)"
3994:"Species Fungorum (version 22nd December 2014). In: Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life"
3082:
1473:
4830:
4807:
4206:
3997:
2402:
2349:
2332:
2252:
1658:
1575:
1517:
1441:
1419:
1302:
1139:
1016:
983:
962:
934:
924:
913:
908:
840:
541:
512:
468:
4550:
3598:"Atromentin and leucomelone, the first inhibitors specific to enoyl-ACP reductase (FabK) of
3295:
2793:
Ainsworth M, Parfitt D, Rogers HJ, Boddy L (2010). "Cryptic taxa within
European species of
227:). Widely distributed in the Northern Hemisphere, the genus contains around 40 species. The
4688:
3782:
3667:
3468:
Arnolds E. (2010). "The fate of hydnoid fungi in The
Netherlands and Northwestern Europe".
3283:
2371:
2293:
2276:
1836:
1180:
1143:
305:
300:
272:
237:
134:
2603:
8:
4643:
4591:
2140:
1970:
1909:
1814:
1792:
1709:
1614:
1536:
1480:
1458:
1402:
1363:
1346:
1124:
1102:
1046:
1022:
991:
918:
814:
710:
507:
258:
3786:
3287:
1038:
Structural formula of the anticoagulant and antibacterial compound atromentin, found in
4853:
4447:
4071:
4044:
3940:
3385:
2904:
2896:
2720:
2680:
2637:
2021:
1987:
1953:
1770:
1636:
1553:
1497:
1380:
1324:
1064:
957:
929:
462:
378:
170:
161:
50:
4188:
Verhandelingen
Koninklijke Nederlandse Akademie van Wetenschappen Afdeling Natuurkunde
3416:
3234:
Verhandelingen
Koninklijke Nederlandse Akademie van Wetenschappen Afdeling Natuurkunde
360:
4802:
4675:
4657:
4212:
4132:
4076:
3972:
3890:
3841:
3798:
3695:
3646:
3623:
3578:
3512:
3450:
3389:
3088:
3061:
3001:
2766:
2672:
2537:
2213:
2118:
1875:
1858:
1175:
794:
587:(spore-bearing cells) are narrowly club-shaped and usually four-spored; there are no
344:
336:
151:
4518:
4291:
4235:
3794:
3127:
3115:
3030:
2927:
2908:
2724:
2641:
2472:
2459:
1829:
657:
reflect its appearance: "strawberries and cream" and "bleeding tooth fungus". Some
4439:
4353:
4268:
4124:
4066:
4056:
3932:
3880:
3833:
3790:
3690:
3613:
3570:
3539:
3504:
3477:
3412:
3375:
3322:
3310:
3291:
3209:
2888:
2879:
Baird RE, Khan SR (1986). "The stipitate
Hydnums (Thelephoraceae) of Florida USA".
2854:
2810:
2758:
2712:
2684:
2664:
2629:
2437:
2310:
2101:
2062:
2030:
1131:
1055:
968:
946:
600:
557:
437:
340:
266:
42:
4680:
4128:
3557:
Khanna JM, Malone MH, Euler KL, Brady LR (1965). "Atromentin – anticoagulant from
3155:
Banker HJ (1906). "A contribution to a revision of the North American Hydnaceae".
2133:
1243:; a figure which does not include the 12 species transferred into this genus from
381:
in 1961. The genus was not in Donk's original family concept, which included only
4273:
4248:
3837:
3543:
3481:
2814:
2762:
860:
690:
406:
4771:
3508:
2228:
2172:
1629:
1273:
887:
486:
Phylogenetic studies have shown that, in its current circumscription, the genus
4714:
4628:
4467:
Proceedings van de Koninklijke Nederlandse Akademie van Wetenschappen Section C
3446:
2858:
1434:
1236:
1201:
999:
802:
410:
97:
4061:
2716:
2668:
2633:
2536:. Bibliotheca Mycologica. Vol. 85. Vaduz, Liechtenstein: J. Cramer.
2364:
1924:
1785:
1651:
1568:
762:
618:
4847:
4136:
3454:
2325:
2269:
1526:
1228:
1167:
1068:
973:
818:
314:
224:
107:
87:
3200:
Harrison KA (1964). "New or little known North American stipitate Hydnums".
1946:
1807:
825:
recognized 16 European species in his 1975 treatment of the genus, to which
817:, particularly Europe and North America, but some species are also found in
4080:
4042:
3894:
3845:
3802:
3710:
Steglich W, Jendrny B (1979). "Geogenin, ein neuartiger Pyronfarbstoff aus
3627:
3574:
3516:
2770:
2676:
1936:(Snell, K.A.Harrison & H.A.C.Jacks.) E.Larss., K.H.Larss. & Kõljalg
1317:
1285:(Rubio Casas, Rubio Roldán & Català ) E.Larss., K.H.Larss. & Kõljalg
1147:
1097:
821:. Harrison identified a dozen new species from North America in the 1960s.
798:
568:
552:
398:
310:
143:
4186:
Maas Geesteranus RA. (1971). "Hydnaceous fungi of the eastern old world".
3917:"The identify and metabolic fate of volatiles responsible for the odor of
3582:
3380:
3363:
2094:
1075:. Atromentin also possesses antibacterial activity, inhibiting the enzyme
194:
4740:
4667:
4637:
4539:"The Aphyllophoraceous fungi I. Keys to the species of the Thelephorales"
4358:
3045:
1851:
1506:
864:
734:
612:
580:
453:
374:
324:
228:
220:
216:
117:
3618:
3597:
3232:
Maas Geesteranus RA. (1975). "Die terrestrischen Stachelpilze Europas".
502:, currently grouped together in the family Bankeraceae. Analyses of the
460:
fungi in the form "descriptor word" plus "tooth", such as "gold tooth" (
4732:
4451:
3944:
3885:
3861:"Hydnellins A and B, nitrogen-containing terphenyls from the mushrooms
3860:
3359:
3326:
2900:
1084:
1060:
790:
714:
686:
576:
281:
490:
is polyphyletic and only distantly related to the white-spored genera
4745:
4701:
1224:
1163:
588:
562:
498:
389:
67:
4758:
4599:
4443:
3936:
3213:
2892:
2055:
1235:(2008) indicated 38 species in the genus. As of January 2015,
32:
4753:
4706:
4622:
4586:
3645:. Chicago, Illinois: University of Chicago Press. pp. 469–70.
2410:
2261:
1197:
977:
872:
851:
810:
806:
608:
421:
415:
254:
247:
3971:(10th ed.). Wallingford, UK: CAB International. p. 324.
3529:
2473:"Enumeratio Hydnearum Fr. Fennicarum, systemate novo dispositarum"
1395:
972:
are sensitive to the increased nitrogen deposition resulting from
183:
2566:
Gamiet S, Berch SM, Kroeger P, Roberts C, Winder R, MacKinnon A.
1107:
1072:
1014:. Similar techniques have been used to show that, in the case of
1011:
1003:
868:
674:
584:
492:
394:
383:
2833:
Loizides M, Alvarado P, Assyov B, Arnolds E, Moreau PA (2016). "
4572:
876:
319:
77:
4693:
3858:
3494:
1170:(specifically, variants thelephantins I–N), some of which can
4815:
2832:
2740:
2574:. Southern Interior Forest Extension and Research Partnership
1914:(Maas Geest. & Nannf.) E.Larss., K.H.Larss. & Kõljalg
1819:(Maas Geest. & Nannf.) E.Larss., K.H.Larss. & Kõljalg
1189:
1034:
855:
682:
596:
277:
264:
One of the better-known species is the unusual pinkish-white
212:
157:
2801:
revealed by combined molecular and morphological analysis".
510:
within the genus. Most of the cryptic species belong to the
2792:
2619:
1178:. The compounds hydnellins A and B are terphenyls found in
3764:
3251:
Hintikka V, Näykki O (1967). "Tutkimuksia ruosteorakkaan,
251:
4339:– a link between stipitate and resupinate Hymenomycetes"
4181:
4179:
4177:
4175:
4173:
4102:
4043:
Larsson, Svantesson; Miscevic, Kõljalg; Larsson (2019).
3966:
3227:
3225:
3223:
2702:
2498:. Vol. 3–1(4). Lehre, Germany: Cramer. p. 458.
2397:
2395:
1150:
that are believed to contribute to memory and learning.
4477:
4465:
Maas Geesteranus RA. (1969). "Notes on Hydnums, VIII".
3084:
Handbook of Mushroom Poisoning: Diagnosis and Treatment
1138:
species. This compound, derived metabolically from the
4385:
4296:
3859:
Hashimoto T, Quang DN, Kuratsune M, Asakawa Y (2006).
3556:
335:
as having fruitbodies with a corky or leathery, tough
4458:
4373:
Coker WC (1939). "New or noteworthy Basidiomycetes".
4170:
4143:
3311:"Hydnaceous fungi of the Czech Republic and Slovakia"
3255:, vaikutuksesta metsämaaperään ja-kasvillisuuteen ".
3220:
2565:
2392:
4523:
Publications of the Department of Agriculture Canada
4464:
4185:
4149:
3402:
3231:
2995:
2559:
831:
has been recently added by Loizides and colleagues.
240:
concern following widespread declines in abundance.
3967:Kirk PM, Cannon PF, Minter DW, Stalpers JA (2008).
3914:
3714:" [Geogenin, a new kind of pyrone pigment from
3432:Number 557. Population diversity and speciation in
261:—have been isolated and identified from the genus.
4257:: two overlooked Scottish hydnoids new to Britain"
3769:-terphenyl derivatives from the inedible mushroom
3523:
3488:
3056:. Berkeley, California: Ten Speed Press. pp.
3049:
3000:. Kew, UK: Royal Botanic Gardens. pp. 74–88.
2442:Meddelanden Af Societas Pro Fauna et Flora Fennica
4375:Journal of the Elisha Mitchell Scientific Society
2788:
2786:
2784:
2782:
2780:
1880:(Maas Geest.) E. Larss., K.H.Larss. & Kõljalg
1758:(K.A.Harrison) E.Larss., K.H.Larss. & Kõljalg
1219:contained 19 species. Joost Stalpers included 34
4845:
4286:
4284:
4230:
4228:
4038:
4036:
4034:
3741:
3195:
3193:
3191:
3189:
3187:
3185:
3183:
3181:
3179:
3110:
3108:
3106:
3104:
2937:
2935:
2922:
2920:
2918:
2828:
2826:
2824:
2654:
709:a difficult group to study. Canadian mycologist
4032:
4030:
4028:
4026:
4024:
4022:
4020:
4018:
4016:
4014:
3709:
3659:
2736:
2734:
2593:"Recommended English Names for Fungi in the UK"
4424:"Type studies in the Hydnaceae – V. The genus
4332:
4240:
3852:
3250:
3150:
3148:
3146:
3144:
2991:
2989:
2987:
2985:
2983:
2981:
2979:
2977:
2975:
2973:
2944:"Studies on the Hydnums of Michigan I. Genera
2777:
2431:
2429:
2427:
257:. Several chemical compounds—some with unique
4281:
4225:
4198:
4098:
4096:
4094:
4092:
4090:
3908:
3703:
3665:
3429:
3358:
3244:
3176:
3101:
3080:
3040:
3038:
3023:
2932:
2915:
2874:
2872:
2870:
2868:
2821:
2698:
2696:
2694:
2648:
1736:(Kalchbr.) E.Larss., K.H.Larss. & Kõljalg
1641:(P.Karst.) E.Larss., K.H.Larss. & Kõljalg
1188:. The chemicals responsible for the fragrant
1146:, which is involved in deteriorating certain
4326:
4246:
4011:
3815:
3640:
3634:
3595:
3461:
3333:
3257:Communicationes Instituti Forestalis Fenniae
2731:
2487:
1045:Several chemical compounds—some with unique
1002:from soil have been developed to detect the
4536:
4516:
4415:
4204:
3550:
3445:(Report). English Nature Research Reports.
3396:
3352:
3302:
3267:
3199:
3141:
3074:
2970:
2941:
2613:
2493:
2464:
2424:
2337:(Banker) E.Larss., K.H.Larss. & Kõljalg
1602:Loizides, Arnolds & P.-A. Moreau (2016)
1215:Karsten's original 1879 circumscription of
781:
4366:
4087:
3758:
3589:
3467:
3339:
3035:
2996:Pegler DN, Roberts PJ, Spooner BM (1997).
2865:
2691:
2525:
2470:
2435:
1863:(Pass.) E.Larss., K.H.Larss. & Kõljalg
1667:North Africa, Asia, Europe, North America
545:pictured) can fuse together during growth.
448:) meaning "spongy plant" or "fungus". The
31:
4421:
4357:
4272:
4211:. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. p. 94.
4208:A Field Guide to Mushrooms: North America
4105:"Taxonomic revision of fleshy species of
4070:
4060:
3985:
3960:
3915:Wood WF, DeShazer DA, Largent DL (1988).
3884:
3809:
3748:Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
3735:
3694:
3617:
3423:
3379:
3308:
3273:
3154:
2878:
2531:
813:. The genus is widely distributed in the
16:Genus of fungi in the family Bankeraceae
4372:
3746:inhibit prolyl endopeptidase in vitro".
3668:"Fungus pigments. XXIX. The pigments of
3044:
2502:
2376:(Fr.) E.Larss., K.H.Larss. & Kõljalg
2145:(Fr.) E.Larss., K.H.Larss. & Kõljalg
1122:. Geogenin is a yellow pigment found in
1049:—have been isolated and identified from
1033:
886:
617:
530:
3720:Beihefte zur Sydowia Annales Mycologici
3296:10.2136/sssaj1972.03615995003600030035x
3276:Soil Science Society of America Journal
2508:
2413:. International Mycological Association
1251:or the four species described by Douch
994:. Techniques based on species-specific
980:practice used in some areas of Europe.
693:, and many have an acrid taste anyway.
4846:
4483:
4391:
4302:
3820:-terphenyl skeleton from the mushroom
1029:
456:for fungi in the United Kingdom, name
4604:
4603:
2438:"Symbolae ad mycologiam Fennicam. VI"
894:is of conservation concern in Europe.
4821:4E04F607-313E-5823-DE52-06282B3A0BD0
4795:093b0af6-8a33-40a4-98c8-badb91aa3563
4519:The Stipitate Hydnums of Nova Scotia
3873:Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin
3157:Memoirs of the Torrey Botanical Club
2998:British Chanterelles and Tooth Fungi
2511:"Four new families of Hymenomycetes"
1077:enoyl-acyl carrier protein reductase
689:. All are too tough and woody to be
303:in 1879 with what was then known as
3991:
2585:
669:) similar to freshly ground flour.
575:are almost spherical to oblong and
13:
4864:Taxa named by Petter Adolf Karsten
3596:Zheng CJ, Sohn MJ, Kim WG (2006).
3563:Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences
3497:Journal of Microbiological Methods
2354:Douch, Robinson & L.J. Vaughan
1775:Douch, L.J. Vaughan & T.W. May
313:. Before then, fungi with spines (
14:
4880:
4565:
4492:. RogersMushrooms. Archived from
4400:. RogersMushrooms. Archived from
4311:. RogersMushrooms. Archived from
4117:(Thelephorales) from Australasia"
4585:
4571:
4528:
3900:
3722:. Series II (in German): 378–80.
3696:10.3891/acta.chem.scand.35b-0513
2363:
2324:
2268:
2227:
2171:
2132:
2093:
2054:
1945:
1923:
1850:
1828:
1806:
1784:
1745:
1723:
1650:
1628:
1589:
1567:
1472:
1433:
1394:
1338:
1316:
1294:
1272:
871:, and increases in the level of
761:
747:
733:
661:species have a mealy odor (e.g.
54:
3951:
3795:10.1016/j.phytochem.2004.02.018
3726:
3167:
3132:
3120:
3014:
2496:Kryptogamen-Flora von Schlesien
882:
823:Rudolph Arnold Maas Geesteranus
452:, in their recommended list of
393:, genera whose species produce
4510:
3081:Rumack BH, Spoerke DG (1994).
2568:"Welcome to BC NTFP Mushrooms"
2550:
2452:
1329:(Britzelm.) Maas Geest. (1959)
649:, and coffee-colored drops in
397:(translucent), and ornamented
1:
4333:Kõljalg U, Renvall P (2000).
4150:Maas Geesteranus RA. (1959).
4129:10.1080/00275514.2024.2363211
3430:Bridge PD, Panchal G (2004).
3417:10.1016/S0006-3207(02)00060-5
2534:Higher taxa of Basidiomycetes
2386:
526:
436:The name originates from the
377:, which was circumscribed by
4274:10.1016/j.fldmyc.2011.09.011
4194:(3): 1–176 (see pp. 91–106).
3838:10.1016/j.fitote.2014.07.019
3544:10.1016/j.funeco.2012.04.002
3482:10.1016/j.funeco.2009.05.005
3138:Stalpers (1997), p. 34.
2815:10.1016/j.funeco.2009.07.001
2763:10.1016/j.mycres.2007.05.003
2622:Systematics and Biodiversity
2556:Stalpers (1993), p. 22.
2285:Asia, Europe, North America
2188:Asia, Europe, North America
1732:Hydnellum fuligineoviolaceum
1450:Asia, Europe, North America
1355:Asia, Europe, North America
1311:Asia, Europe, North America
681:has a sweet odor resembling
481:
40:The bleeding tooth fungus –
7:
3732:Stalpers (1997), p. 7.
3683:Acta Chemica Scandinavica B
3641:Roberts P, Evans S (2011).
3509:10.1016/j.mimet.2008.04.010
3240:(2): 1–127 (see pp. 95–98).
3020:Stalpers (1997), p. 9.
2600:British Mycological Society
1231:. The tenth edition of the
879:than the surrounding soil.
793:, and are usually found in
778:accumulate on the surface.
450:British Mycological Society
339:, and a centrally attached
287:
10:
4885:
3202:Canadian Journal of Botany
3087:. CRC Press. p. 413.
2859:10.11646/phytotaxa.280.1.2
2477:Revue Mycologique Toulouse
1841:(P.Karst.) P.Karst. (1879)
1210:
906:for stiped hydnoid fungi:
4612:
4062:10.3897/mycokeys.54.35386
2717:10.1007/s13225-013-0261-6
2669:10.1007/s00572-009-0274-x
2634:10.1017/s1477200005001623
2005:Hydnellum nothofagacearum
1351:(Hornem.) P.Karst. (1879)
1096:Some species are used as
409:Hydnelleae of the family
176:
169:
149:
142:
51:Scientific classification
49:
39:
30:
23:
3600:Streptococcus pneumoniae
2197:Hydnellum septentrionale
1680:(Schaeff.) Banker (1906)
1307:(Batsch) P.Karst. (1879)
1196:have been identified as
1090:Streptococcus pneumoniae
904:biodiversity action plan
782:Habitat and distribution
4549:: 1–168. Archived from
3969:Dictionary of the Fungi
3405:Biological Conservation
2835:Hydnellum dianthifolium
2281:(Scop.) P.Karst. (1879)
2180:Hydnellum scrobiculatum
2084:Douch & J.A. Cooper
2080:Hydnellum pseudoioeides
2009:Douch & J.A. Cooper
1893:Hydnellum longidentatum
1598:Hydnellum dianthifolium
1485:(Bres.) Stalpers (1993)
1407:(Pers.) P.Karst. (1879)
1281:Hydnellum amygdaliolens
1233:Dictionary of the Fungi
867:penetration, decreased
805:include members of the
472:), and "velvet tooth" (
276:, has a strong odor of
250:that have been used to
4869:Taxa described in 1879
3666:Gripenberg J. (1981).
3606:Journal of Antibiotics
3575:10.1002/jps.2600540714
2380:Europe, North America
2244:Europe, North America
2236:Hydnellum spongiosipes
2158:Hydnellum scleropodium
2071:Europe, North America
1962:Europe, North America
1940:Europe, North America
1932:Hydnellum martioflavum
1867:Europe, North America
1801:Europe, North America
1754:Hydnellum fuscoindicum
1693:Hydnellum fraudulentum
1545:Europe, North America
1489:Europe, North America
1333:Europe, North America
1142:, inhibits the enzyme
1134:is present in several
1071:properties similar to
1053:species. For example,
1042:
895:
850:, form a tough mat of
653:. The common names of
626:
546:
317:) had been grouped in
299:by Finnish mycologist
4247:Ainsworth M. (2011).
3822:Hydnellum concrescens
3744:Polyozellus multiplex
3670:Hydnellum ferrugineum
3381:10.2478/som-1992-0001
3362:, Hanssen EW (1992).
3253:Hydnellum ferrugineum
3052:Mushrooms Demystified
2350:Hydnellum variisporum
2333:Hydnellum underwoodii
2253:Hydnellum staurastrum
2184:(Fr.) P.Karst. (1879)
1958:(Fr.) P.Karst. (1879)
1663:(Fr.) P.Karst. (1879)
1659:Hydnellum ferrugineum
1576:Hydnellum cyanopodium
1518:Hydnellum crustulinum
1446:(Pers.) Banker (1906)
1442:Hydnellum concrescens
1420:Hydnellum complicatum
1303:Hydnellum aurantiacum
1140:shikimic acid pathway
1037:
914:critically endangered
892:Hydnellum ferrugineum
890:
621:
534:
355:(Karsten, 1881), and
4859:Thelephorales genera
4582:at Wikimedia Commons
4537:Stalpers JA (1993).
4517:Harrison KA (1961).
4488:Hydnellum suaveolens
4359:10.29203/ka.2000.355
4337:Hydnellum gracilipes
4205:McKnight KH (1998).
3919:Hydnellum suaveolens
3867:Hydnellum geogerirum
3863:Hydnellum suaveolens
2942:Harrison KA (1968).
2751:Mycological Research
2494:Schröter J. (1888).
2372:Hydnellum versipelle
2302:Nova Scotia, Canada
2294:Hydnellum subzonatum
2277:Hydnellum suaveolens
2240:(Peck) Pouzar (1960)
1979:Nova Scotia, Canada
1837:Hydnellum gracilipes
1718:Nova Scotia, Canada
1676:Hydnellum floriforme
1463:(Peck) Banker (1906)
1239:lists 39 species of
1223:species in his 1993
1186:Hydnellum geogerirum
1144:prolyl endopeptidase
801:woods. Favored tree
727:Immature fruitbodies
696:Differences between
301:Petter Adolf Karsten
4543:Studies in Mycology
4307:Hydnellum geogenium
4251:Hydnellum cumulatum
3787:2004PChem..65.1179Q
3771:Hydnellum caeruleum
3716:Hydnellum geogenium
3712:Hydnellum geogenium
3619:10.1038/ja.2006.108
3288:1972SSASJ..36..492F
2471:Karsten PA (1881).
2448:: 5–46 (see p. 41).
2436:Karsten PA (1879).
2298:K.A.Harrison (1961)
2201:K.A.Harrison (1964)
2162:K.A.Harrison (1964)
2141:Hydnellum scabrosum
2106:K.A.Harrison (1964)
1992:K.A.Harrison (1964)
1975:K.A.Harrison (1961)
1971:Hydnellum multiceps
1910:Hydnellum lundellii
1815:Hydnellum glaucopus
1797:(Fr.) Banker (1913)
1793:Hydnellum geogenium
1714:K.A.Harrison (1961)
1710:Hydnellum frondosum
1615:Hydnellum earlianum
1580:K.A.Harrison (1964)
1558:K.A.Harrison (1964)
1541:K.A.Harrison (1964)
1537:Hydnellum cumulatum
1502:K.A.Harrison (1961)
1481:Hydnellum cristatum
1459:Hydnellum conigenum
1403:Hydnellum compactum
1368:K.A.Harrison (1964)
1364:Hydnellum chrysinum
1347:Hydnellum caeruleum
1247:in 2019 by Larsson
1156:H. concrescens
1152:Hydnellum caeruleum
1103:Hydnellum caeruleum
1079:(essential for the
1047:biological activity
1030:Bioactive compounds
1017:H. aurantiacum
992:conservation status
838:species, including
815:Northern Hemisphere
719:H. aurantiacum
711:Kenneth A. Harrison
639:H. ferrugineum
624:H. ferrugineum
579:, and are brown in
542:H. concrescens
329:Systema mycologicum
259:biological activity
4422:Banker HJ (1913).
4396:Hydnellum mirabile
4255:H. gracilipes
3886:10.1248/cpb.54.912
3672:(Fr.) Karsten and
3559:Hydnellum diabolus
3327:10.33585/cmy.51202
3309:Hrouda P. (1999).
2532:JĂĽlich W. (1981).
2315:Maas Geest. (1975)
2257:Maas Geest. (1971)
2218:Maas Geest. (1969)
2026:Maas Geest. (1971)
2022:Hydnellum papuanum
1988:Hydnellum nigellum
1954:Hydnellum mirabile
1771:Hydnellum gatesiae
1697:Maas Geest. (1971)
1637:Hydnellum fennicum
1554:Hydnellum cyanodon
1522:Maas Geest. (1971)
1498:Hydnellum cruentum
1385:Maas Geest. (1975)
1381:Hydnellum coalitum
1325:Hydnellum auratile
1194:H. suaveolens
1166:derivatives named
1087:) in the bacteria
1043:
896:
679:H. suaveolens
667:H. pineticola
645:, yellow drops in
627:
547:
466:), "zoned tooth" (
379:Marinus Anton Donk
331:. Karsten defined
273:H. suaveolens
186:ex P.Karst. (1881)
4841:
4840:
4803:Open Tree of Life
4606:Taxon identifiers
4576:Media related to
4290:Harrison (1961),
4234:Harrison (1961),
4218:978-0-395-91090-0
3978:978-0-85199-826-8
3676:(Batsch) Karsten"
3652:978-0-226-72117-0
3643:The Book of Fungi
3126:Harrison (1961),
3114:Harrison (1961),
3094:978-0-8493-0194-0
3067:978-0-89815-169-5
3029:Harrison (1961),
3007:978-1-900347-15-0
2960:Michigan Botanist
2926:Harrison (1961),
2572:BC NTFP mushrooms
2543:978-3-7682-1324-0
2458:Harrison (1961),
2384:
2383:
2377:
2355:
2338:
2316:
2299:
2282:
2258:
2241:
2219:
2214:Hydnellum singeri
2202:
2185:
2163:
2146:
2124:
2119:Hydnellum rickeri
2107:
2085:
2068:
2046:
2027:
2010:
1993:
1976:
1959:
1937:
1915:
1898:
1881:
1876:Hydnellum lepidum
1864:
1859:Hydnellum joeides
1842:
1820:
1798:
1776:
1759:
1737:
1715:
1698:
1681:
1664:
1642:
1620:
1603:
1581:
1559:
1542:
1523:
1503:
1486:
1464:
1447:
1425:
1408:
1386:
1369:
1352:
1330:
1308:
1286:
1176:alpha-glucosidase
1023:H. caeruleum
912:is classified as
703:H. caeruleum
647:H. caeruleum
599:are found in the
595:. Three types of
535:The caps of some
327:in his 1821 work
306:Hydnum suaveolens
204:
203:
198:
187:
152:Hydnum suaveolens
138:
4876:
4834:
4833:
4824:
4823:
4811:
4810:
4798:
4797:
4788:
4787:
4775:
4774:
4772:NHMSYS0001484294
4762:
4761:
4749:
4748:
4736:
4735:
4723:
4722:
4710:
4709:
4697:
4696:
4684:
4683:
4671:
4670:
4661:
4660:
4648:
4647:
4646:
4633:
4632:
4631:
4601:
4600:
4590:Data related to
4589:
4575:
4561:
4559:
4558:
4533:
4532:
4526:
4505:
4504:
4502:
4501:
4481:
4475:
4474:
4462:
4456:
4455:
4419:
4413:
4412:
4410:
4409:
4389:
4383:
4382:
4370:
4364:
4363:
4361:
4343:
4330:
4324:
4323:
4321:
4320:
4300:
4294:
4288:
4279:
4278:
4276:
4244:
4238:
4232:
4223:
4222:
4202:
4196:
4195:
4183:
4168:
4167:
4147:
4141:
4140:
4100:
4085:
4084:
4074:
4064:
4040:
4009:
4008:
4006:
4005:
3996:. Archived from
3989:
3983:
3982:
3964:
3958:
3957:Stalpers (1993).
3955:
3949:
3948:
3912:
3906:
3905:
3904:
3898:
3888:
3856:
3850:
3849:
3813:
3807:
3806:
3762:
3756:
3755:
3739:
3733:
3730:
3724:
3723:
3707:
3701:
3700:
3698:
3680:
3663:
3657:
3656:
3638:
3632:
3631:
3621:
3593:
3587:
3586:
3554:
3548:
3547:
3527:
3521:
3520:
3492:
3486:
3485:
3465:
3459:
3458:
3444:
3427:
3421:
3420:
3400:
3394:
3393:
3383:
3356:
3350:
3349:
3337:
3331:
3330:
3306:
3300:
3299:
3271:
3265:
3264:
3248:
3242:
3241:
3229:
3218:
3217:
3197:
3174:
3173:Harrison (1961).
3171:
3165:
3164:
3152:
3139:
3136:
3130:
3124:
3118:
3112:
3099:
3098:
3078:
3072:
3071:
3055:
3042:
3033:
3027:
3021:
3018:
3012:
3011:
2993:
2968:
2967:
2939:
2930:
2924:
2913:
2912:
2876:
2863:
2862:
2843:H. scrobiculatum
2830:
2819:
2818:
2790:
2775:
2774:
2738:
2729:
2728:
2705:Fungal Diversity
2700:
2689:
2688:
2652:
2646:
2645:
2617:
2611:
2610:
2608:
2602:. Archived from
2597:
2589:
2583:
2582:
2580:
2579:
2563:
2557:
2554:
2548:
2547:
2529:
2523:
2522:
2509:Donk MA (1961).
2506:
2500:
2499:
2491:
2485:
2484:
2468:
2462:
2456:
2450:
2449:
2433:
2422:
2421:
2419:
2418:
2399:
2375:
2367:
2353:
2336:
2328:
2314:
2311:Hydnellum tardum
2297:
2280:
2272:
2256:
2239:
2231:
2217:
2200:
2183:
2175:
2161:
2144:
2136:
2122:
2105:
2102:Hydnellum regium
2097:
2083:
2066:
2063:Hydnellum peckii
2058:
2044:
2041:Hydnellum parvum
2031:Papua New Guinea
2025:
2008:
1991:
1974:
1957:
1949:
1935:
1927:
1913:
1896:
1879:
1862:
1854:
1840:
1832:
1818:
1810:
1796:
1788:
1774:
1757:
1749:
1735:
1727:
1713:
1696:
1679:
1662:
1654:
1640:
1632:
1618:
1606:Southern Europe
1601:
1593:
1579:
1571:
1557:
1540:
1521:
1501:
1484:
1476:
1462:
1445:
1437:
1423:
1406:
1398:
1384:
1367:
1350:
1342:
1328:
1320:
1306:
1298:
1284:
1276:
1258:
1257:
1132:Thelephoric acid
1112:Hydnellum peckii
1056:Hydnellum peckii
953:H. scrobiculatum
873:root respiration
861:reindeer lichens
828:H. dianthifolium
765:
751:
737:
663:H. mirabile
651:H. mirabile
643:H. cruentum
635:H. diabolus
519:H. scrobiculatum
267:Hydnellum peckii
246:species produce
193:
182:
133:
59:
58:
43:Hydnellum peckii
35:
21:
20:
4884:
4883:
4879:
4878:
4877:
4875:
4874:
4873:
4844:
4843:
4842:
4837:
4829:
4827:
4819:
4814:
4806:
4801:
4793:
4791:
4783:
4778:
4770:
4765:
4757:
4752:
4744:
4739:
4731:
4726:
4718:
4713:
4705:
4700:
4692:
4687:
4679:
4674:
4666:
4664:
4656:
4651:
4642:
4641:
4636:
4627:
4626:
4621:
4608:
4568:
4556:
4554:
4527:
4513:
4508:
4499:
4497:
4482:
4478:
4463:
4459:
4444:10.2307/3753385
4420:
4416:
4407:
4405:
4390:
4386:
4371:
4367:
4341:
4331:
4327:
4318:
4316:
4301:
4297:
4289:
4282:
4245:
4241:
4233:
4226:
4219:
4203:
4199:
4184:
4171:
4148:
4144:
4101:
4088:
4041:
4012:
4003:
4001:
3990:
3986:
3979:
3965:
3961:
3956:
3952:
3937:10.2307/3807803
3913:
3909:
3899:
3857:
3853:
3814:
3810:
3763:
3759:
3740:
3736:
3731:
3727:
3708:
3704:
3678:
3674:H. zonatum
3664:
3660:
3653:
3639:
3635:
3594:
3590:
3555:
3551:
3528:
3524:
3493:
3489:
3466:
3462:
3442:
3428:
3424:
3401:
3397:
3357:
3353:
3338:
3334:
3321:(2–3): 99–155.
3307:
3303:
3272:
3268:
3249:
3245:
3230:
3221:
3214:10.1139/b64-116
3198:
3177:
3172:
3168:
3153:
3142:
3137:
3133:
3125:
3121:
3113:
3102:
3095:
3079:
3075:
3068:
3043:
3036:
3028:
3024:
3019:
3015:
3008:
2994:
2971:
2940:
2933:
2925:
2916:
2893:10.2307/2807273
2877:
2866:
2831:
2822:
2791:
2778:
2739:
2732:
2701:
2692:
2653:
2649:
2618:
2614:
2606:
2595:
2591:
2590:
2586:
2577:
2575:
2564:
2560:
2555:
2551:
2544:
2530:
2526:
2507:
2503:
2492:
2488:
2469:
2465:
2457:
2453:
2434:
2425:
2416:
2414:
2407:P. Karst. 1879"
2401:
2400:
2393:
2389:
1213:
1192:-like aroma of
1032:
956:are considered
941:H. spongiosipes
885:
847:H. scleropodium
784:
775:
774:
773:
772:
771:
766:
758:
757:
752:
744:
743:
738:
729:
728:
671:H. zonatum
529:
484:
475:H. spongiosipes
361:Joseph Schröter
290:
165:
155:
132:
53:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4882:
4872:
4871:
4866:
4861:
4856:
4839:
4838:
4836:
4835:
4825:
4812:
4799:
4789:
4776:
4763:
4750:
4737:
4724:
4711:
4698:
4685:
4672:
4662:
4649:
4634:
4618:
4616:
4610:
4609:
4598:
4597:
4596:at Wikispecies
4583:
4567:
4566:External links
4564:
4563:
4562:
4534:
4512:
4509:
4507:
4506:
4476:
4457:
4438:(4): 194–205.
4414:
4384:
4365:
4352:(1–2): 71–77.
4325:
4295:
4280:
4261:Field Mycology
4239:
4224:
4217:
4197:
4169:
4142:
4086:
4010:
3984:
3977:
3959:
3950:
3907:
3851:
3808:
3781:(8): 1179–84.
3775:Phytochemistry
3757:
3734:
3725:
3702:
3658:
3651:
3633:
3612:(12): 808–12.
3588:
3569:(7): 1016–20.
3549:
3532:Fungal Ecology
3522:
3487:
3470:Fungal Ecology
3460:
3447:English Nature
3422:
3395:
3351:
3332:
3315:Czech Mycology
3301:
3266:
3243:
3219:
3208:(9): 1205–33.
3175:
3166:
3140:
3131:
3119:
3100:
3093:
3073:
3066:
3034:
3022:
3013:
3006:
2969:
2931:
2914:
2864:
2839:H. concrescens
2820:
2803:Fungal Ecology
2776:
2730:
2690:
2663:(4): 217–263.
2647:
2628:(2): 113–157.
2612:
2609:on 2011-07-16.
2584:
2558:
2549:
2542:
2524:
2501:
2486:
2463:
2451:
2423:
2390:
2388:
2385:
2382:
2381:
2378:
2368:
2360:
2359:
2356:
2346:
2343:
2342:
2341:North America
2339:
2329:
2321:
2320:
2317:
2307:
2304:
2303:
2300:
2290:
2287:
2286:
2283:
2273:
2265:
2264:
2259:
2249:
2246:
2245:
2242:
2232:
2224:
2223:
2220:
2210:
2207:
2206:
2205:North America
2203:
2193:
2190:
2189:
2186:
2176:
2168:
2167:
2166:North America
2164:
2154:
2151:
2150:
2147:
2137:
2129:
2128:
2127:North America
2125:
2115:
2112:
2111:
2110:North America
2108:
2098:
2090:
2089:
2086:
2076:
2073:
2072:
2069:
2059:
2051:
2050:
2049:North America
2047:
2037:
2034:
2033:
2028:
2018:
2015:
2014:
2011:
2001:
1998:
1997:
1996:North America
1994:
1984:
1981:
1980:
1977:
1967:
1964:
1963:
1960:
1950:
1942:
1941:
1938:
1928:
1920:
1919:
1916:
1906:
1903:
1902:
1901:United States
1899:
1889:
1886:
1885:
1882:
1872:
1869:
1868:
1865:
1855:
1847:
1846:
1843:
1833:
1825:
1824:
1821:
1811:
1803:
1802:
1799:
1789:
1781:
1780:
1777:
1767:
1764:
1763:
1762:North America
1760:
1750:
1742:
1741:
1738:
1728:
1720:
1719:
1716:
1706:
1703:
1702:
1699:
1689:
1686:
1685:
1684:North America
1682:
1672:
1669:
1668:
1665:
1655:
1647:
1646:
1643:
1633:
1625:
1624:
1623:North America
1621:
1611:
1608:
1607:
1604:
1594:
1586:
1585:
1584:North America
1582:
1572:
1564:
1563:
1562:North America
1560:
1550:
1547:
1546:
1543:
1533:
1530:
1529:
1524:
1514:
1511:
1510:
1504:
1494:
1491:
1490:
1487:
1477:
1469:
1468:
1467:North America
1465:
1455:
1452:
1451:
1448:
1438:
1430:
1429:
1428:North America
1426:
1416:
1413:
1412:
1409:
1399:
1391:
1390:
1387:
1377:
1374:
1373:
1372:North America
1370:
1360:
1357:
1356:
1353:
1343:
1335:
1334:
1331:
1321:
1313:
1312:
1309:
1299:
1291:
1290:
1287:
1277:
1269:
1268:
1265:
1262:
1237:Index Fungorum
1212:
1209:
1116:H. ferrugineum
1110:that is used.
1040:H. peckii
1031:
1028:
1000:DNA extraction
963:H. ferrugineum
935:H. concrescens
928:are listed as
925:H. ferrugineum
909:H. aurantiacum
884:
881:
841:H. ferrugineum
783:
780:
769:H. ferrugineum
767:
760:
759:
753:
746:
745:
739:
732:
731:
730:
726:
725:
724:
723:
655:H. peckii
631:H. peckii
528:
525:
513:H. concrescens
483:
480:
469:H. concrescens
411:Thelephoraceae
373:in the family
289:
286:
219:in the family
202:
201:
200:
199:
188:
174:
173:
167:
166:
156:
147:
146:
140:
139:
125:
121:
120:
115:
111:
110:
105:
101:
100:
98:Agaricomycetes
95:
91:
90:
85:
81:
80:
75:
71:
70:
65:
61:
60:
47:
46:
37:
36:
28:
27:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4881:
4870:
4867:
4865:
4862:
4860:
4857:
4855:
4852:
4851:
4849:
4832:
4826:
4822:
4817:
4813:
4809:
4804:
4800:
4796:
4790:
4786:
4781:
4777:
4773:
4768:
4764:
4760:
4755:
4751:
4747:
4742:
4738:
4734:
4729:
4725:
4721:
4716:
4712:
4708:
4703:
4699:
4695:
4690:
4686:
4682:
4677:
4673:
4669:
4663:
4659:
4654:
4650:
4645:
4639:
4635:
4630:
4624:
4620:
4619:
4617:
4615:
4611:
4607:
4602:
4595:
4594:
4588:
4584:
4581:
4580:
4574:
4570:
4569:
4553:on 2015-02-21
4552:
4548:
4544:
4540:
4535:
4531:
4524:
4520:
4515:
4514:
4496:on 2015-04-02
4495:
4491:
4489:
4480:
4472:
4468:
4461:
4453:
4449:
4445:
4441:
4437:
4433:
4429:
4427:
4418:
4404:on 2014-11-29
4403:
4399:
4397:
4388:
4380:
4376:
4369:
4360:
4355:
4351:
4347:
4340:
4338:
4329:
4315:on 2015-01-22
4314:
4310:
4308:
4299:
4293:
4287:
4285:
4275:
4270:
4267:(4): 139–43.
4266:
4262:
4258:
4256:
4252:
4243:
4237:
4231:
4229:
4220:
4214:
4210:
4209:
4201:
4193:
4189:
4182:
4180:
4178:
4176:
4174:
4165:
4162:(in French).
4161:
4157:
4155:
4146:
4138:
4134:
4130:
4126:
4122:
4118:
4116:
4112:
4108:
4099:
4097:
4095:
4093:
4091:
4082:
4078:
4073:
4068:
4063:
4058:
4054:
4050:
4046:
4039:
4037:
4035:
4033:
4031:
4029:
4027:
4025:
4023:
4021:
4019:
4017:
4015:
4000:on 2015-01-04
3999:
3995:
3988:
3980:
3974:
3970:
3963:
3954:
3946:
3942:
3938:
3934:
3930:
3926:
3922:
3920:
3911:
3903:
3896:
3892:
3887:
3882:
3878:
3874:
3870:
3868:
3864:
3855:
3847:
3843:
3839:
3835:
3831:
3827:
3823:
3819:
3812:
3804:
3800:
3796:
3792:
3788:
3784:
3780:
3776:
3772:
3768:
3761:
3754:(6): 798–803.
3753:
3749:
3745:
3738:
3729:
3721:
3717:
3713:
3706:
3697:
3692:
3688:
3684:
3677:
3675:
3671:
3662:
3654:
3648:
3644:
3637:
3629:
3625:
3620:
3615:
3611:
3607:
3603:
3601:
3592:
3584:
3580:
3576:
3572:
3568:
3564:
3560:
3553:
3545:
3541:
3538:(5): 633–40.
3537:
3533:
3526:
3518:
3514:
3510:
3506:
3502:
3498:
3491:
3483:
3479:
3475:
3471:
3464:
3456:
3452:
3448:
3441:
3439:
3435:
3426:
3418:
3414:
3411:(2): 181–92.
3410:
3406:
3399:
3391:
3387:
3382:
3377:
3373:
3369:
3365:
3361:
3355:
3347:
3343:
3342:Nova Hedwigia
3336:
3328:
3324:
3320:
3316:
3312:
3305:
3297:
3293:
3289:
3285:
3281:
3277:
3270:
3262:
3258:
3254:
3247:
3239:
3236:(in German).
3235:
3228:
3226:
3224:
3215:
3211:
3207:
3203:
3196:
3194:
3192:
3190:
3188:
3186:
3184:
3182:
3180:
3170:
3162:
3158:
3151:
3149:
3147:
3145:
3135:
3129:
3123:
3117:
3111:
3109:
3107:
3105:
3096:
3090:
3086:
3085:
3077:
3069:
3063:
3059:
3054:
3053:
3047:
3041:
3039:
3032:
3026:
3017:
3009:
3003:
2999:
2992:
2990:
2988:
2986:
2984:
2982:
2980:
2978:
2976:
2974:
2965:
2961:
2957:
2955:
2951:
2947:
2938:
2936:
2929:
2923:
2921:
2919:
2910:
2906:
2902:
2898:
2894:
2890:
2887:(2): 171–84.
2886:
2882:
2875:
2873:
2871:
2869:
2860:
2856:
2852:
2848:
2844:
2840:
2836:
2829:
2827:
2825:
2816:
2812:
2808:
2804:
2800:
2796:
2789:
2787:
2785:
2783:
2781:
2772:
2768:
2764:
2760:
2757:(7): 761–77.
2756:
2752:
2748:
2744:
2737:
2735:
2726:
2722:
2718:
2714:
2710:
2706:
2699:
2697:
2695:
2686:
2682:
2678:
2674:
2670:
2666:
2662:
2658:
2651:
2643:
2639:
2635:
2631:
2627:
2623:
2616:
2605:
2601:
2594:
2588:
2573:
2569:
2562:
2553:
2545:
2539:
2535:
2528:
2520:
2516:
2512:
2505:
2497:
2490:
2482:
2478:
2474:
2467:
2461:
2455:
2447:
2443:
2439:
2432:
2430:
2428:
2412:
2408:
2406:
2398:
2396:
2391:
2379:
2374:
2373:
2369:
2366:
2362:
2361:
2357:
2352:
2351:
2347:
2345:
2344:
2340:
2335:
2334:
2330:
2327:
2323:
2322:
2318:
2313:
2312:
2308:
2306:
2305:
2301:
2296:
2295:
2291:
2289:
2288:
2284:
2279:
2278:
2274:
2271:
2267:
2266:
2263:
2260:
2255:
2254:
2250:
2248:
2247:
2243:
2238:
2237:
2233:
2230:
2226:
2225:
2221:
2216:
2215:
2211:
2209:
2208:
2204:
2199:
2198:
2194:
2192:
2191:
2187:
2182:
2181:
2177:
2174:
2170:
2169:
2165:
2160:
2159:
2155:
2153:
2152:
2148:
2143:
2142:
2138:
2135:
2131:
2130:
2126:
2123:Banker (1913)
2121:
2120:
2116:
2114:
2113:
2109:
2104:
2103:
2099:
2096:
2092:
2091:
2087:
2082:
2081:
2077:
2075:
2074:
2070:
2067:Banker (1912)
2065:
2064:
2060:
2057:
2053:
2052:
2048:
2045:Banker (1913)
2043:
2042:
2038:
2036:
2035:
2032:
2029:
2024:
2023:
2019:
2017:
2016:
2012:
2007:
2006:
2002:
2000:
1999:
1995:
1990:
1989:
1985:
1983:
1982:
1978:
1973:
1972:
1968:
1966:
1965:
1961:
1956:
1955:
1951:
1948:
1944:
1943:
1939:
1934:
1933:
1929:
1926:
1922:
1921:
1917:
1912:
1911:
1907:
1905:
1904:
1900:
1895:
1894:
1890:
1888:
1887:
1883:
1878:
1877:
1873:
1871:
1870:
1866:
1861:
1860:
1856:
1853:
1849:
1848:
1844:
1839:
1838:
1834:
1831:
1827:
1826:
1822:
1817:
1816:
1812:
1809:
1805:
1804:
1800:
1795:
1794:
1790:
1787:
1783:
1782:
1778:
1773:
1772:
1768:
1766:
1765:
1761:
1756:
1755:
1751:
1748:
1744:
1743:
1739:
1734:
1733:
1729:
1726:
1722:
1721:
1717:
1712:
1711:
1707:
1705:
1704:
1700:
1695:
1694:
1690:
1688:
1687:
1683:
1678:
1677:
1673:
1671:
1670:
1666:
1661:
1660:
1656:
1653:
1649:
1648:
1644:
1639:
1638:
1634:
1631:
1627:
1626:
1622:
1619:Banker (1906)
1617:
1616:
1612:
1610:
1609:
1605:
1600:
1599:
1595:
1592:
1588:
1587:
1583:
1578:
1577:
1573:
1570:
1566:
1565:
1561:
1556:
1555:
1551:
1549:
1548:
1544:
1539:
1538:
1534:
1532:
1531:
1528:
1527:Punjab, India
1525:
1520:
1519:
1515:
1513:
1512:
1508:
1505:
1500:
1499:
1495:
1493:
1492:
1488:
1483:
1482:
1478:
1475:
1471:
1470:
1466:
1461:
1460:
1456:
1454:
1453:
1449:
1444:
1443:
1439:
1436:
1432:
1431:
1427:
1424:Banker (1906)
1422:
1421:
1417:
1415:
1414:
1410:
1405:
1404:
1400:
1397:
1393:
1392:
1388:
1383:
1382:
1378:
1376:
1375:
1371:
1366:
1365:
1361:
1359:
1358:
1354:
1349:
1348:
1344:
1341:
1337:
1336:
1332:
1327:
1326:
1322:
1319:
1315:
1314:
1310:
1305:
1304:
1300:
1297:
1293:
1292:
1288:
1283:
1282:
1278:
1275:
1271:
1270:
1267:Distribution
1266:
1263:
1260:
1259:
1256:
1254:
1250:
1246:
1242:
1238:
1234:
1230:
1229:Thelephorales
1226:
1222:
1218:
1208:
1206:
1205:-anisaldehyde
1204:
1199:
1195:
1191:
1187:
1183:
1182:
1181:H. suaveolens
1177:
1173:
1169:
1168:thelephantins
1165:
1161:
1158:have several
1157:
1153:
1149:
1148:neuropeptides
1145:
1141:
1137:
1133:
1129:
1127:
1126:
1121:
1117:
1113:
1109:
1105:
1104:
1099:
1094:
1092:
1091:
1086:
1082:
1078:
1074:
1070:
1069:anticoagulant
1066:
1062:
1058:
1057:
1052:
1048:
1041:
1036:
1027:
1025:
1024:
1019:
1018:
1013:
1009:
1005:
1001:
997:
993:
989:
985:
981:
979:
975:
974:clear-cutting
971:
970:
965:
964:
959:
955:
954:
949:
948:
943:
942:
937:
936:
931:
927:
926:
921:
920:
915:
911:
910:
905:
901:
893:
889:
880:
878:
874:
870:
866:
862:
857:
853:
849:
848:
843:
842:
837:
832:
830:
829:
824:
820:
819:tropical Asia
816:
812:
808:
804:
800:
796:
792:
788:
779:
770:
764:
756:
750:
742:
736:
722:
720:
716:
712:
708:
704:
699:
694:
692:
688:
684:
680:
676:
672:
668:
664:
660:
656:
652:
648:
644:
640:
636:
632:
625:
620:
616:
614:
610:
606:
602:
598:
594:
590:
586:
582:
578:
574:
570:
566:
564:
559:
554:
551:
544:
543:
538:
533:
524:
521:
520:
515:
514:
509:
505:
501:
500:
495:
494:
489:
479:
477:
476:
471:
470:
465:
464:
459:
455:
451:
447:
443:
439:
434:
432:
428:
424:
423:
418:
417:
413:, along with
412:
408:
404:
400:
396:
392:
391:
386:
385:
380:
376:
372:
368:
364:
362:
358:
354:
350:
346:
342:
338:
334:
330:
326:
322:
321:
316:
315:hydnoid fungi
312:
308:
307:
302:
298:
297:circumscribed
294:
285:
283:
279:
275:
274:
269:
268:
262:
260:
256:
253:
249:
245:
241:
239:
234:
230:
226:
225:Thelephorales
222:
218:
214:
210:
209:
196:
192:
189:
185:
181:
178:
177:
175:
172:
168:
163:
159:
154:
153:
148:
145:
141:
136:
131:
130:
126:
123:
122:
119:
116:
113:
112:
109:
108:Thelephorales
106:
103:
102:
99:
96:
93:
92:
89:
88:Basidiomycota
86:
83:
82:
79:
76:
73:
72:
69:
66:
63:
62:
57:
52:
48:
45:
44:
38:
34:
29:
26:
22:
19:
4613:
4592:
4578:
4555:. Retrieved
4551:the original
4546:
4542:
4522:
4498:. Retrieved
4494:the original
4487:
4484:Phillips R.
4479:
4470:
4466:
4460:
4435:
4431:
4425:
4417:
4406:. Retrieved
4402:the original
4395:
4392:Phillips R.
4387:
4378:
4374:
4368:
4349:
4345:
4336:
4328:
4317:. Retrieved
4313:the original
4306:
4303:Phillips R.
4298:
4264:
4260:
4254:
4250:
4242:
4207:
4200:
4191:
4187:
4163:
4159:
4153:
4145:
4120:
4114:
4110:
4106:
4052:
4048:
4002:. Retrieved
3998:the original
3987:
3968:
3962:
3953:
3931:(2): 252–5.
3928:
3924:
3918:
3910:
3879:(6): 912–4.
3876:
3872:
3866:
3862:
3854:
3829:
3825:
3821:
3817:
3811:
3778:
3774:
3770:
3766:
3760:
3751:
3747:
3743:
3737:
3728:
3719:
3715:
3711:
3705:
3686:
3682:
3673:
3669:
3661:
3642:
3636:
3609:
3605:
3599:
3591:
3566:
3562:
3558:
3552:
3535:
3531:
3525:
3503:(1): 40–46.
3500:
3496:
3490:
3476:(2): 81–88.
3473:
3469:
3463:
3437:
3433:
3425:
3408:
3404:
3398:
3371:
3368:Sommerfeltia
3367:
3354:
3345:
3341:
3335:
3318:
3314:
3304:
3282:(3): 492–5.
3279:
3275:
3269:
3260:
3256:
3252:
3246:
3237:
3233:
3205:
3201:
3169:
3163:(2): 99–194.
3160:
3156:
3134:
3122:
3083:
3076:
3051:
3025:
3016:
2997:
2963:
2959:
2953:
2949:
2945:
2884:
2880:
2853:(1): 23–35.
2850:
2846:
2842:
2838:
2834:
2809:(4): 65–80.
2806:
2802:
2798:
2794:
2754:
2750:
2746:
2742:
2708:
2704:
2660:
2656:
2650:
2625:
2621:
2615:
2604:the original
2587:
2576:. Retrieved
2571:
2561:
2552:
2533:
2527:
2518:
2514:
2504:
2495:
2489:
2480:
2479:(in Latin).
2476:
2466:
2454:
2445:
2441:
2415:. Retrieved
2404:
2370:
2348:
2331:
2309:
2292:
2275:
2251:
2234:
2212:
2195:
2178:
2156:
2139:
2117:
2100:
2078:
2061:
2039:
2020:
2013:New Zealand
2003:
1986:
1969:
1952:
1930:
1908:
1897:Coker (1939)
1891:
1874:
1857:
1835:
1813:
1791:
1769:
1752:
1730:
1708:
1691:
1674:
1657:
1635:
1613:
1596:
1574:
1552:
1535:
1516:
1496:
1479:
1457:
1440:
1418:
1401:
1379:
1362:
1345:
1323:
1301:
1279:
1252:
1248:
1244:
1240:
1232:
1220:
1216:
1214:
1202:
1193:
1185:
1179:
1159:
1155:
1151:
1135:
1130:
1125:H. geogenium
1123:
1119:
1115:
1111:
1101:
1095:
1088:
1081:biosynthesis
1054:
1050:
1044:
1039:
1021:
1015:
1007:
998:primers and
987:
986:efforts for
984:Conservation
982:
967:
961:
951:
945:
939:
933:
923:
919:H. caeruleum
917:
907:
899:
897:
891:
883:Conservation
845:
839:
835:
833:
826:
786:
785:
776:
768:
754:
741:H. compactum
740:
718:
706:
702:
697:
695:
678:
673:smells like
670:
666:
662:
658:
654:
650:
646:
642:
638:
634:
630:
628:
623:
604:
592:
572:
567:
549:
548:
540:
536:
517:
511:
497:
491:
487:
485:
473:
467:
461:
457:
454:common names
445:
441:
435:
430:
426:
420:
414:
402:
401:. Donk left
388:
382:
366:
365:
356:
352:
348:
332:
328:
318:
311:type species
304:
292:
291:
271:
265:
263:
243:
242:
238:conservation
232:
207:
206:
205:
190:
179:
150:
144:Type species
128:
127:
41:
24:
18:
4741:iNaturalist
4638:Wikispecies
4511:Cited works
4292:p. 45.
4236:p. 37.
4166:(1): 111–4.
4111:Neosarcodon
3826:Fitoterapia
3128:p. 12.
3116:p. 14.
3031:p. 15.
2928:p. 13.
2521:(4): 405–7.
2483:(9): 19–21.
2460:p. 16.
1507:Nova Scotia
1255:. in 2024.
1174:the enzyme
1085:fatty acids
1006:of various
865:groundwater
791:mycorrhizal
715:sporophores
613:methyl blue
577:tuberculate
553:fruitbodies
463:H. auratile
375:Bankeraceae
325:Elias Fries
229:fruitbodies
221:Bankeraceae
217:tooth fungi
118:Bankeraceae
4848:Categories
4557:2015-01-05
4500:2015-01-06
4408:2015-01-06
4319:2015-01-06
4004:2015-01-03
3832:: 149–55.
3263:(2): 1–23.
2711:: 41–114.
2657:Mycorrhiza
2578:2010-02-12
2417:2012-03-25
2387:References
2358:Australia
1779:Australia
1701:Australia
1120:H. zonatum
1061:atromentin
958:vulnerable
930:endangered
877:podzolized
795:coniferous
789:fungi are
687:peppermint
622:Spines of
561:typically
527:Morphology
371:classified
282:peppermint
84:Division:
4854:Hydnellum
4644:Hydnellum
4614:Hydnellum
4593:Hydnellum
4579:Hydnellum
4473:: 213–21.
4432:Mycologia
4426:Hydnellum
4381:: 373–86.
4346:Karstenia
4160:Persoonia
4154:Hydnellum
4137:0027-5514
4121:Mycologia
4107:Hydnellum
4055:: 31–47.
3992:Kirk PM.
3925:Mycologia
3689:: 513–9.
3455:0967-876X
3438:Phellodon
3434:Hydnellum
3390:236991359
3348:: 107–42.
2966:: 212–64.
2954:Hydnellum
2946:Phellodon
2881:Brittonia
2847:Phytotaxa
2799:Phellodon
2795:Hydnellum
2747:Phellodon
2743:Hydnellum
2515:Persoonia
2405:Hydnellum
2222:Colombia
1509:, Canada
1241:Hydnellum
1225:monograph
1221:Hydnellum
1217:Hydnellum
1164:terphenyl
1136:Hydnellum
1059:contains
1051:Hydnellum
1008:Hydnellum
988:Hydnellum
969:H. peckii
947:H. peckii
900:Hydnellum
836:Hydnellum
787:Hydnellum
755:H. peckii
707:Hydnellum
698:Hydnellum
659:Hydnellum
605:Hydnellum
593:Hydnellum
573:Hydnellum
563:decurrent
550:Hydnellum
539:species (
537:Hydnellum
499:Phellodon
488:Hydnellum
482:Phylogeny
458:Hydnellum
427:Hydnellum
403:Hydnellum
390:Phellodon
367:Hydnellum
363:, 1888).
349:Hydnellum
333:Hydnellum
293:Hydnellum
244:Hydnellum
233:Hydnellum
208:Hydnellum
195:J.Schröt.
129:Hydnellum
74:Kingdom:
68:Eukaryota
25:Hydnellum
4754:MycoBank
4715:Fungorum
4665:BioLib:
4658:60015532
4653:AusFungi
4629:Q2065044
4623:Wikidata
4156:méconnu"
4152:"Sur un
4123:: 1–28.
4115:Sarcodon
4081:31231164
4049:MycoKeys
3895:16755070
3846:25088970
3803:15110701
3628:17323650
3517:18586344
3374:: 1–58.
3360:Gulden G
3048:(1986).
3046:Arora D.
2909:85360191
2771:17681224
2725:16846274
2677:20191371
2642:13102957
2411:MycoBank
2262:Malaysia
2088:Oceania
1245:Sarcodon
1198:coumarin
978:forestry
932:, while
811:Pinaceae
809:and the
807:Fagaceae
677:, while
589:cystidia
523:future.
508:lineages
431:Sarcodon
422:Hydnodon
416:Sarcodon
357:Phaeodon
351:include
345:Synonyms
288:Taxonomy
255:textiles
248:pigments
191:Phaeodon
171:Synonyms
160: :
135:P.Karst.
114:Family:
64:Domain:
4831:9708930
4808:4097232
4733:2522201
4452:3753385
4072:6579789
3945:3807803
3783:Bibcode
3718:].
3583:5862512
3440:species
3284:Bibcode
2950:Bankera
2901:2807273
2685:3351967
2319:Europe
2149:Europe
1918:Europe
1884:Europe
1845:Europe
1823:Europe
1740:Europe
1645:Europe
1411:Europe
1389:Europe
1289:Europe
1227:on the
1211:Species
1172:inhibit
1108:mordant
1073:heparin
1065:pigment
1012:ecology
1004:mycelia
869:soil pH
854:in the
852:mycelia
675:melilot
585:basidia
493:Bankera
405:in the
395:hyaline
384:Bankera
353:Calodon
309:as the
223:(order
180:Calodon
124:Genus:
104:Order:
94:Class:
4828:uBio:
4792:NZOR:
4707:1HYDLG
4450:
4215:
4135:
4113:, and
4079:
4069:
3975:
3943:
3893:
3844:
3801:
3649:
3626:
3581:
3515:
3453:
3388:
3091:
3064:
3058:623–27
3004:
2907:
2899:
2769:
2723:
2683:
2675:
2640:
2540:
1249:et al.
950:, and
691:edible
641:, and
597:hyphae
583:. The
569:Spores
446:hydnum
399:spores
320:Hydnum
197:(1888)
164:(1772)
137:(1879)
4816:Plazi
4785:68815
4759:17781
4746:52528
4720:17781
4694:18799
4668:60636
4448:JSTOR
4342:(PDF)
3941:JSTOR
3679:(PDF)
3443:(PDF)
3386:S2CID
2905:S2CID
2897:JSTOR
2721:S2CID
2681:S2CID
2638:S2CID
2607:(PDF)
2596:(PDF)
1261:Image
1253:et al
1190:anise
1067:with
898:Some
856:humus
834:Some
803:hosts
799:mixed
683:anise
611:with
609:stain
601:flesh
558:flesh
440:word
438:Greek
407:tribe
341:stipe
278:anise
213:genus
211:is a
184:Quél.
158:Scop.
78:Fungi
4780:NCBI
4728:GBIF
4702:EPPO
4681:4ZNP
4253:and
4213:ISBN
4133:ISSN
4077:PMID
3973:ISBN
3891:PMID
3865:and
3842:PMID
3799:PMID
3647:ISBN
3624:PMID
3579:PMID
3513:PMID
3451:ISSN
3436:and
3089:ISBN
3062:ISBN
3002:ISBN
2841:and
2797:and
2767:PMID
2745:and
2673:PMID
2538:ISBN
1264:Name
1203:para
1200:and
1184:and
1160:para
1154:and
1118:and
1098:dyes
1063:, a
1020:and
976:, a
966:and
844:and
797:and
665:and
581:mass
496:and
442:ύδνο
429:and
419:and
387:and
295:was
4767:NBN
4689:EoL
4676:CoL
4440:doi
4354:doi
4269:doi
4125:doi
4067:PMC
4057:doi
3933:doi
3881:doi
3834:doi
3824:".
3791:doi
3773:".
3691:doi
3614:doi
3571:doi
3561:".
3540:doi
3505:doi
3478:doi
3413:doi
3409:107
3376:doi
3323:doi
3292:doi
3210:doi
2889:doi
2855:doi
2851:280
2845:".
2811:doi
2759:doi
2755:111
2749:".
2713:doi
2665:doi
2630:doi
1083:of
996:PCR
685:or
603:of
591:in
571:of
504:ITS
478:).
369:is
347:of
337:cap
323:by
280:or
252:dye
215:of
162:Fr.
4850::
4818::
4805::
4782::
4769::
4756::
4743::
4730::
4717::
4704::
4691::
4678::
4655::
4640::
4625::
4547:35
4545:.
4541:.
4521:.
4471:72
4469:.
4446:.
4434:.
4430:.
4379:55
4377:.
4350:40
4348:.
4344:.
4283:^
4265:12
4263:.
4259:.
4227:^
4192:60
4190:.
4172:^
4158:.
4131:.
4119:.
4109:,
4089:^
4075:.
4065:.
4053:54
4051:.
4047:.
4013:^
3939:.
3929:80
3927:.
3923:.
3889:.
3877:54
3875:.
3871:.
3840:.
3830:98
3828:.
3797:.
3789:.
3779:65
3777:.
3750:.
3687:35
3685:.
3681:.
3622:.
3610:59
3608:.
3604:.
3577:.
3567:54
3565:.
3534:.
3511:.
3501:75
3499:.
3472:.
3449:.
3407:.
3384:.
3372:13
3370:.
3366:.
3346:68
3344:.
3319:51
3317:.
3313:.
3290:.
3280:36
3278:.
3261:62
3259:.
3238:64
3222:^
3206:42
3204:.
3178:^
3161:12
3159:.
3143:^
3103:^
3060:.
3037:^
2972:^
2962:.
2958:.
2952:,
2948:,
2934:^
2917:^
2903:.
2895:.
2885:38
2883:.
2867:^
2849:.
2823:^
2805:.
2779:^
2765:.
2753:.
2733:^
2719:.
2709:62
2707:.
2693:^
2679:.
2671:.
2661:20
2659:.
2636:.
2624:.
2598:.
2570:.
2517:.
2513:.
2475:.
2444:.
2440:.
2426:^
2409:.
2394:^
1207:.
1128:.
1100:.
1093:.
960:.
944:,
938:,
922:,
916:;
637:,
633:,
615:.
444:(=
433:.
343:.
284:.
4560:.
4503:.
4490:"
4486:"
4454:.
4442::
4436:5
4428:"
4411:.
4398:"
4394:"
4362:.
4356::
4335:"
4322:.
4309:"
4305:"
4277:.
4271::
4249:"
4221:.
4164:1
4139:.
4127::
4083:.
4059::
4007:.
3981:.
3947:.
3935::
3921:"
3897:.
3883::
3869:"
3848:.
3836::
3818:p
3805:.
3793::
3785::
3767:p
3752:9
3699:.
3693::
3655:.
3630:.
3616::
3602:"
3585:.
3573::
3546:.
3542::
3536:5
3519:.
3507::
3484:.
3480::
3474:3
3457:.
3419:.
3415::
3392:.
3378::
3329:.
3325::
3298:.
3294::
3286::
3216:.
3212::
3097:.
3070:.
3010:.
2964:7
2956:"
2911:.
2891::
2861:.
2857::
2817:.
2813::
2807:3
2773:.
2761::
2727:.
2715::
2687:.
2667::
2644:.
2632::
2626:3
2581:.
2546:.
2519:1
2481:3
2446:5
2420:.
2403:"
1162:-
701:(
516:/
359:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
