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round of jumping, flatwork, no stirrup work, or switching horses, for example. Hunter courses are generally judged in one round, but classics often include two rounds for the top competitors. In most horse shows, four over-fence rounds (one often containing a 25% conformation component) and one flat class make up each hunter section. The judge decides which combination has the smoothest round and displayed a ride most closely to the ideal. Certain mistakes like refusals will lead to drastic penalties, while minor errors like a soft rub on a rail are slightly penalized, at the judge's discretion. This can make judging difficult to follow for those new to showing until the subtle factors considered by the judge are better understood.
797:. The traditional, classic shirt is white. However, in some places and at some types of less formal competition, particularly for children, pastel-colored shirts are popular, coordinated with the colors in the hunt coat. Traditionally shirts were long-sleeved, but today are more often short-sleeved or sleeveless, though sleeveless shirts cannot be worn when the jacket rule is waived. Stock pins are sometimes worn on the stock tie or choker, although the most recent fashion has been to embroider the rider's initials on the choker.
399:(received no penalties) in the first round. These "jump-offs" are judged on accuracy and time. Competitors are placed first in the order of fewest faults and then in the order of fastest time (not just time allowed). Because style is never taken into account, the horse may jump in unorthodox form, take off from a poor spot, or rub a rail without any penalty. This objective scoring makes show jumping easy to follow though sometimes both horses and riders may exhibit unorthodox and even unsafe form without penalty.
568:
highest levels for both age groups are the junior and amateur owner divisions, with fence heights of 3 ft 6 in (1.07 m). These classes may be further divided by height of horse into Large (16 hh+) and Small (under 16 hh), or by age of the rider. USEF age divisions are usually 13 and under, 14–17 yrs, and 18 and over. Some organizations break down the adult division even further. Variations include 18–39 years, or 18–35, 36–49 and a "silver" division for riders 50 and over)
770:
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363:(progressive high-jump) classes, with a much greater width. Show hunters, on the other hand, are shown over fences no greater than 4 ft 6 in (1.37 m) in height (as displaced in the relatively new "Performance Working Hunter" classes), even at the highest levels, but are expected to display a cadence and elegance that is not necessary in show jumping.
778:
268:
hunters, often with a bit more speed. Some are far more temperamental, though excellent jumpers must be manageable as well as athletic. Horses may be of any breed, though again, Thoroughbreds and
Warmbloods dominate the field. It is rare for a horse to perform both as a hunter and as a jumper as temperament and style of movement are markedly different.
843:
coat and long-sleeved ratcatcher. For upper level competitions, such as classics and grand prixs, formal dress is usually required. This usually includes light-colored (usually shades of beige or a pale "canary" yellow) or white breeches, a white shirt, and a dark coat. Some riders are allowed to wear scarlet coats based on achievements in the sport.
203:, though the forward seat style of hunt seat equitation riders over fences contrasts with that of eventing riders in cross-country competition, or the deep, more upright position of dressage riders, a discipline that focuses on flat work does not incorporate jumping in competition. These activities are all differentiated from
230:, and are judged on their movement, way of going, manners, and jumping form. Conformation is judged to some extent as well. Thus, smooth, quiet-moving, well-built horses with good temperament are desired. A related flat class seen in many breed-specific competitions similar to Hunter Under Saddle is
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Attire for jumper classes resembles that of hunter riders, though may be less formal at lower levels. It is becoming acceptable in some regions and with some organizations for competitors to wear any collared shirt, such as a polo shirt, during very hot weather, rather than the traditional wool hunt
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by shaving a few inches of mane right behind the ears. The horses are usually bathed the day before a show, blanketed overnight to stay clean, and thoroughly groomed the day of the competition prior to entering the ring. Braiding of the mane and, when applicable, tail, is often done the night before
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In hunt seat equitation classes, the rider is judged on the flat and over a course of fences, with attention focused on his or her position between and while over a jump, his or her ability to get a horse to the right take-off spot, choice of line between fences, and his or her overall effectiveness.
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rules. According to these rules, First Year Green
Hunters are in their first year of showing fences at 3 ft 6 in (1.07 m). Therefore, fences in their classes are set at 3 ft 6 in (1.07 m). Second Year Green Hunters are in their second year of showing fences at 3 ft
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The fences used in show hunter courses are designed to be very natural in appearance, to simulate a natural cross-country hunting course. The poles and standards of the fences are usually natural wood or painted a conservative color, such as white or brown. Decorative elements might include brush or
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classes judge the rider only, including his or her position on the flat and over fences and overall effectiveness while riding. Therefore, it is not imperative that the horse has perfect movement or jumping form, but it needs good manners and an attractive way of going that does not detract from the
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Some helmets retain the classic velveteen covered look. Newer designs are characterized by a broader visor, a contrasting ventilation strip down the center, and, for women, a hair-catching cloth at the back. The ventilation strip has given this style of helmet the tongue-in-cheek nickname "skunk
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with safety harness fastened. Although black, velvet-covered hunt caps were once popular, the old style caps provided virtually no actual protection to the head and are now prohibited for junior riders at any time while mounted, and are not allowed on riders of any age in classes to jump. Caps are
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In some places, particularly breed-specific shows where tradition is not as strong, different colors of jackets and shirts are seen: riders sometimes wear tan, teal, light grey, or even dark violet coats with shirts in more vivid shades like green, orange, pink, lavender, and blue. Non-traditional
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are classes broken down by age, but designed for riders with solid skills and a reasonable amount of show experience. Fences are usually 3 ft (0.91 m) in the children's and adult amateur classes. Modified junior and
Amateur classes are a step up, at 3 ft 3 in (0.99 m). The
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Equitation and show hunters are judged subjectively based on ability and form (of the rider) and elegance, cadence and style (of the horse). Equitation may be judged in one round, though often a "work-off" is included in which the top riders return for further testing that might consist of another
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The hunt seat rider is dressed conservatively. Classic attire for hunter classes consists of beige, tan or gray breeches, a white or light pastel shirt, and a black, navy, gray, "hunter" green or dark brown hunt coat. (Black is considered a dressage style, however, and though legal, is less often
509:
Pony hunter divisions are divided by the height of the pony. The divisions include small pony (12.2hh or smaller), medium pony (12.3hh to 13.2hh), and large pony (13.3hh to 14.2hh). The fence heights in pony classes are proportionate to the height of the pony. In regular competition, small ponies
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Equitation over fences courses test a rider's skill and form. They look like a hunter course, but contain more technical elements, such as intermediate difficulty combinations, tight turns, and difficult distances between fences, which are often seen in show jumping. These courses reach 3 ft
310:
than the show hunter, because it is easier for a rider to maintain the correct jumping position on a "flatter" horse that does not throw the rider out of the saddle when it jumps. However, a show jumper is not ideal either, as the horse may be less smooth in its way of going and too excitable in
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A recent trend in Hunter
Classics and stakes classes is for Hunter riders wear a different styled coat called a shadbelly. This is a black coat cut short on the front midsection but worn long with tails in the back. The shadbelly is worn with a stock tie and pin and with taddersall points on the
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while showing, particularly at rated competition. If braiding is not possible, the mane is to at least be pulled neatly and lie flat on one side of the horse's neck. The dock of the tail is braided into a "French" style braid, which runs the length of the tailbone, with the remainder of the tail
560:
These classes are for the riders with less experience and or horses who can not jump quite as high. Short stirrup classes are usually for riders 12 and under, long stirrup classes are for those 13 and over, although age varies between shows. Fence heights in these divisions are usually 2 ft
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The show jumper is generally a horse that has more power and energy than a show hunter. Because only jumping ability is scored, conformation, manners, and way of going are critical only as far as they affect soundness and ability to jump. Jumpers are often taller and more powerfully built than
535:
First and Second Year Green
Hunters may also show in Green Conformation Hunter divisions. These divisions are the same as the previous divisions with one important difference. In conformation hunter classes, horses are judged 60% on their movement and performance and 40% on their conformation.
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Speed is not favored in hunter or equitation classes. A steady but forward canter is seen in show hunter courses and in equitation courses. In show jumping, the rider may be penalized for going over the time. Therefore, a faster but steady gallop is used in jumper classes. Jump-offs also often
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classes: The horse is judged "on the flat," meaning jumping is not involved. In show hunter classes, the horse's movement and manners are judged, with quality of movement paramount. In equitation classes, the rider's position, seat, and aids are judged. Horses are shown at the walk, trot, and
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Pony hunter divisions may also be specified as Green Pony Hunter divisions. Green Pony Hunter divisions are for those ponies who are in their first year of rated showing. In Green Pony Hunter classes, small ponies jump 2 ft 3 in (0.69 m), medium ponies jump 2 ft 6 in
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Unlike the subjective scoring of the hunters, show jumping horses are more objectively penalized by accumulating "faults" if they knock down or refuse obstacles (four faults), or if they exceed the optimum time limit. Some jumper classes also require a second round for those who jumped clean
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temper for the rider to maintain steady and correct form over a course. The horse must jump safely and not carelessly rub rails. The movement of the equitation horse is generally more collected than the show hunter, which allows the rider to better adjust the stride for tricky combinations.
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Green hunter divisions are for horses that are beginning their showing careers. At the local level and at C-rated horse shows, Baby Green and Pre-Green Hunter divisions are often held. The heights depend on local rules. However, most Baby Green Hunter fences are set at 2 ft 6 in
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bottom. This coat is not seen in most hunter classes or at smaller shows, and is almost never required. This trend has been adopted from dressage competition where the shadbelly is worn in the upper levels. However, traditional hunt riders still wear the shorter hunt coat.
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Regular
Hunters may also show in Regular Conformation Hunter divisions. These divisions are the same as the previous division with one important difference. In conformation hunter classes, horses are judged 60% on their movement and performance and 40% on their conformation.
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A non-USEF type of class offered in some areas, open to riders who have just begun showing. The rider may become ineligible for this class after one or two years of showing, or after winning a certain number of classes. These classes are not offered at the higher-rated
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The horse is judged over a course of fences. In show hunter classes, particular attention is paid to the horse's jumping form, the fluidity of the course, and its take-off spot for each fence on the course. The judge also looks for correct leads in the turns or clean
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seen in Hunter classes.) Some years, patterns that appear solid at a distance, such as pinstripes, faint plaids or herringbone, are popular. In some competitions, the show management may choose to waive the jacket requirement if the heat and humidity is very high.
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in the early 20th century. Ideally, a hunt seat rider has a very secure position. This includes proper leg position, weight in heels, soft hands, good posture, balanced seat, eyes up and, when working over fences, looking ahead towards the next fence.
234:-Hunter Type, simply called "English Pleasure" within some regions and breeds. Although a somewhat different style of horse than the classic hunter may be shown, the goals of good manners, performance, quality, and conformation are still emphasized.
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Rule Book for the Hunter division, "Martingales of any type are prohibited in Under Saddle, hack and tie-breaking classes. Standing martingales are allowed for all over fence classes. All other martingales may be considered unconventional."
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still sometimes seen on adult riders in flat classes, and remain somewhat popular at breed shows. However, many adult hunt seat riders who do not jump are also leaving behind the hunt cap in favor of ASTM/SEI-approved headgear.
638:), generally the style called "close contact," though "eventing" and "all-purpose" designs are seen in some areas, particularly at lower levels. Saddles are usually of brown leather, with a plain girth, usually of leather. The
713:, are sometimes legal, but are not considered "classic" hunt seat bits, and riders moving from breed-specific to open competition are sometimes penalized severely if they use non-traditional equipment in open competition.
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Horses usually have any long body hair trimmed short, particularly around the fetlocks, jaw, and ears. In some breeds and in some places, it is common to trim muzzle whiskers as well. Many exhibitors also trim a small
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tradition and the cadence needed for riding in large fields. Jumper fences can be quite high, up to 5 ft 3 in (1.60 m) in Grand Prix show jumping, and well in excess of 7 ft (2.13 m) in
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Another class on the flat, where the horse's manners and suitability for the rider are ranked more highly than quality of conformation and movement. The horse should look like it is a pleasure to ride.
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Regular Hunter divisions are for the experienced horse and rider combination. The horse is much more likely to be shown by a professional rider or trainer. Fences are 4 ft (1.22 m) in height.
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riders are judged on the way they look and form of the rider, and the smoothness and overall appearance of the horse and rider as a team. Related disciplines within the broad category of "hunt seat"
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Classes limited to horses or riders who have not won one, three or six first place (blue) ribbons in a given division at any show or shows sanctioned by a given organization, such as the USEF.
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Equitation obstacles, though more complex in layout than a hunter course, are usually more conservative in design than jumper obstacles, more closely following those of the hunter courses.
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On the flat, or when used on course between jumps, the two-point position allows the horse to have a great deal of freedom of movement because the rider's weight is lifted off its back.
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rider's performance. Although temperament is not judged, horses with a more tractable temperament are generally easier to ride, and can therefore help riders demonstrate their skills.
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may have a more crouched position, usually with the heel slightly more forward while riding cross-country, to provide more security as they ride over varying terrain at a fast gallop.
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Classes of hunt seat riding are often divided by the horse and rider's ability, the rider's age, the height of the horse or pony, and the requirements of the horse in that class.
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allowed to flow freely. In the United States, the hunt seat horse's tail is not "banged" (cut straight across to an even length), though banged tails are seen in Europe.
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Obstacles used in jumper competition are often brightly coloured and sometimes even deliberately designed to look "scary." These courses usually include an open water or
207:-style English riding, which is an American-based discipline confined to the flat, developed for high-action show horses that are not intended to be shown over fences.
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Riders 13 years or older generally wear tall, black field boots with breeches. Younger riders who still have rapidly growing feet may wear either brown or black
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A hunter rider casually turned out for a small show or clinic, horse is not braided and rider is not wearing a jacket, but presentation remains neat and clean.
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Riders usually employ a "two-point" position while jumping fences, depending on the type of course and height of fences. The position is so named because the
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The show hunter and rider formally turned out for a major horse show. Horse is braided, rider wears a hunt coat, boots, breeches, and white ratcatcher shirt.
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is a flat class for beginner riders, requiring the rider only to execute the walk and trot. These classes are not always offered at the higher-rated shows.
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as a group are judged on manners, way of going, and conformation. Turnout, the presentation of horse and rider, are often taken into account as well.
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jump 2 ft 3 in (0.69 m), medium ponies jump 2 ft 6 in (0.76 m), and large ponies jump 3 ft (0.91 m)".
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One style of hunt seat saddle, an "eventing" saddle. It is heavier and has a deeper seat than the "close contact" style of hunt seat saddle.
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helmet". Helmets with vivid colors and designs are often worn by children, but usually covered with a black velvet cloth cover for show.
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561:(0.61 m). Green or novice rider divisions have courses set at 2 ft 3 in (0.69 m)–2 ft 6 in (0.76 m).
150:, keeping the heels down, closing the hip angle, and lifting the buttocks out of the saddle while keeping the head and shoulders up.
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discipline, many show jumping competitors began by riding in hunter and equitation classes before moving into the jumper divisions.
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classes. Regardless of breed, the horse should have a long stride with very little knee action, good jumping form with correct
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courses include combination fences, sharp turns and several changes of direction, all requiring adjustability and athleticism.
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or morning of the show, but can be completed earlier if precautions are taken to avoid having the horse rub out the braids.
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253:, and should be well-mannered. For top level competition, movement and jumping form become increasingly more important.
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should be white, and shaped to fit the saddle. Ideally, no more than one inch of pad should appear under the saddle.
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523:(0.76 m) and most Pre-Green Hunter fences are set at 2 ft 9 in (0.84 m)/3 ft (0.91 m).
1258:
832:(sometimes called "paddock boots") and "jod straps" (strips of leather worn buckled under each knee for grip) with
383:, and may also have varied terrain with fences on the top or bottom of a bank, or with a ditch under an obstacle.
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There are also equitation classes offered where riders are not asked to jump, particularly at lower-level shows.
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riders generally have a very upright two-point, as they usually show on very level footing and at slower speed.
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classes. A running martingale is legal for jumpers, but it is not for hunters. According to the 2007
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Horses used in hunter over fences and hunter under saddle (or "flat", non-jumping) classes are called
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605:(because they do not earn a living from equestrian activities) from professional riders and trainers.
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also called "model" classes, these are non-riding classes where the horse is presented to the judge
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covered by a separate, matching choker or a stock tie, the final look usually resembling that of a
735:
The horse must be very neat and well-presented. Hunter and equitation horses are to have braided
665:, either a dee-ring, eggbutt, or full cheek design. Milder bits are preferred in hunter classes.
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meaning that it is led by a handler on the ground. The horse wears only a bridle. The animal's
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are judged by how quickly a horse can complete a course of jumps with the fewest errors, called
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6 in (1.07 m). Fences in their classes are set at 3 ft 9 in (1.14 m).
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that demonstrates that the hunter is easy to ride and attentive and responsive to its rider.
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The most notable difference between hunters and jumpers is the technicality of the courses.
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Almost all shows prohibit martingales in "flat" or "under saddle" (not to jump) classes.
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Hunter classes (both under-saddle and over fences) have requirements for classic, plain
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The Hunt seat is also sometimes called the "forward seat" and it was first developed by
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are only permitted in over-fence classes, and only the standing martingale is legal in
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courses include smoother lines, fewer combinations, and wider turns, reflecting the
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classes, which judge the rider's ability both on the flat and over fences. The term
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other than a plain cavesson is prohibited) and a simple, unadorned browband.
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these class divisions are designed to separate non-professional riders, called
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Hunt seat is a popular form of riding in the United States, recognized by the
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Schooling and Riding the Sport Horse: A Modern
American Hunter/Jumper System
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The show shirt, called a "ratcatcher," is a buttoned shirt with a stand-up
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515:(0.76 m), and large ponies jump 2 ft 9 in (0.84 m).
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Senior
Equitation Over Fences at the 2014 Florida 4H State Horse Show
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attire is frowned upon and sometimes penalized in open competition.
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9 in (1.14 m) in height at the highest competitive level.
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The
Complete Guide to Hunter Seat Training, Showing, and Judging
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In some breed-specific shows, other types of bits, such as the
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Jumper obstacles are generally very high and brightly colored.
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Differences between show hunters, show jumpers, and equitation
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Horses shown hunt seat may be of any breed, although those of
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Hunt seat competitions are generally divided into three
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form of forward seat riding, including the kind seen in
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are also simple, with riders usually using a classic
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Short stirrup, long stirrup, and green/novice rider:
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First and Second Year Green
Hunters are shown under
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Position in two-point varies according to the task.
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146:. The rider supports his or her body using leg and
967:Horses and Horsemanship: Animal Agriculture Series
839:Dark gloves should be worn, but are not required.
88:(United States Hunter/Jumper Association) and the
781:A hunter rider wearing the traditional shadbelly.
496:is judged, as well as its movement and soundness.
142:has "two points" (both legs) in contact with the
61:, which judge the horse's movement and form, and
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408:display greater pace as time is of the essence.
23:A horse and rider with hunt seat tack and attire
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677:are also legal and are particularly popular in
634:The saddle is usually a type of forward seat (
176:categories, hunters, equitation, and jumpers.
49:. The hunt seat is based on the tradition of
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727:Mane (horse) § Braiding(US)/Plaiting(UK)
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376:flowers. Water obstacles are not included.
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969:Sixth Edition Interstate Publishers 1990
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731:Tail_(horse) § Grooming_and_styles
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57:includes both flat and over fences for
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306:The ideal equitation mount has less
90:United States Equestrian Federation
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469:, good movement, and a calm ride.
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37:commonly found in North American
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245:type are most common, except in
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618:Correct tack for hunter classes
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623:Hunter and equitation classes
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1174:FEI disciplines, non-Olympic
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16:Competitive equestrian sport
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1718:Western riding (horse show)
1264:List of horse racing venues
996:Fort Riley Cavalry School,
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565:Children, junior, and adult
53:. Hunt seat competition in
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501:Horse restricted divisions
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132:Captain Federico Caprilli
1777:Competitive trail riding
1259:Films about horse racing
1015:Commonsense Horsemanship
673:and require two sets of
649:is simple, with a plain
552:Rider restricted classes
1600:Cowboy mounted shooting
1071:A hunter round on video
1838:Women in equestrianism
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1034:Hunter Seat Equitation
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1040:Self, Margaret Cabell
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717:Grooming and braiding
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449:may also be required.
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1751:Icelandic equitation
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462:Over-fences classes:
381:"liverpool" obstacle
168:Types of competition
1736:Camargue equitation
1658:Halter (horse show)
1453:Draft horse showing
925:2007 USEF Rule Book
437:. In some classes,
430:Hunter Under Saddle
1756:Working equitation
1703:Trail (horse show)
1648:Classical dressage
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1021:Littauer, Vladimir
1011:Littauer, Vladimir
906:www.britannica.com
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69:may also refer to
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1864:Equestrian sports
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1845:
1663:Horse showmanship
1584:Working cow horse
1448:Chuckwagon racing
1359:Carrera de cintas
1347:Games with horses
1302:Escaramuza charra
1112:Equestrian sports
1046:. New York, 1952.
1031:Morris, George H.
1025:Jumping the Horse
965:Ensminger, M. E.
935:Harris, Susan E.
818:equestrian helmet
291:
1871:
1713:Western pleasure
1708:Western dressage
1653:English pleasure
1554:Jineteada gaucha
1504:Breakaway roping
1499:Australian rodeo
1468:Pleasure driving
1443:Carriage driving
1181:Combined driving
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1003:Harris, Susan E.
989:Cronin, Paul D.
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1812:Trail riding
1787:Field hunter
1765:Field sports
1746:Doma vaquera
1727:Regional and
1698:Stunt riding
1667:
1627:Pig sticking
1574:Team penning
1519:Campdrafting
1509:Bronc riding
1458:Fine harness
1414:Sinjska alka
1404:Pole bending
1389:Keyhole race
1338:Team chasing
1249:Steeplechase
1221:Horse racing
1201:Tent pegging
1165:Show jumping
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32:forward seat
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1792:Fox hunting
1683:Show hunter
1673:Saddle seat
1579:Team roping
1514:Calf roping
1409:Potato race
1369:Dzhigitovka
1292:Cowboy polo
1280:Team sports
1269:by capacity
1229:Flat racing
977:pp. 344–345
878:Show hunter
750:bridle path
711:Kimberwicke
705:Breed shows
690:Martingales
667:Pelham bits
663:snaffle bit
447:hand gallop
356:fox hunting
352:Show hunter
321:Show hunter
257:Show jumper
222:Show hunter
216:Show hunter
205:saddle seat
51:fox hunting
39:horse shows
1853:Categories
1693:Sidesaddle
1637:Horse show
1549:Goat tying
1333:Polocrosse
1132:Equitation
911:2023-12-20
889:References
816:-approved
795:turtleneck
721:See also:
679:equitation
671:curb chain
640:saddle pad
572:Walk/trot'
474:Equitation
439:backing up
329:Equitation
300:equitation
298:Hunt seat
278:Equitation
272:Equitation
189:Equitation
174:horse show
114:Equitation
100:is not an
63:equitation
1859:Hunt seat
1772:Cavalcade
1678:Show hack
1668:Hunt seat
1524:CharrerĂa
1419:Skijoring
1399:O-Mok-See
1191:Horseball
1186:Endurance
490:"in hand"
371:Obstacles
361:puissance
243:Warmblood
211:The horse
92:, and in
67:hunt seat
28:Hunt seat
1615:Yabusame
1605:Jousting
1593:Weaponry
1473:Roadster
1384:Gymkhana
1379:Er Enish
1307:Fantasia
1287:Buzkashi
1206:Vaulting
1160:Eventing
1155:Dressage
847:See also
655:noseband
651:cavesson
603:amateurs
454:Pleasure
445:, and a
201:dressage
197:eventing
195:include
162:Eventers
79:eventing
43:dressage
1826:Related
1539:Cutting
1429:Driving
1394:Kyz kuu
1314:(cirit)
1196:Reining
1147:Olympic
1055:. 2008.
1027:. 1931.
1017:. 1974.
476:classes
412:Classes
342:Courses
308:bascule
251:bascule
186:faults.
182:Jumpers
148:stirrup
102:Olympic
1622:Pasola
1431:sports
1312:Jereed
1065:Videos
973:
943:
729:, and
694:hunter
647:bridle
589:Limit:
581:shows.
435:canter
403:Pacing
327:, and
158:Hunter
144:saddle
98:per se
94:Canada
35:riding
1564:Rodeo
1534:Coleo
1239:Palio
741:tails
737:manes
675:reins
140:rider
86:USHJA
1817:TREC
1328:Polo
1323:Pato
1318:Mata
971:ISBN
941:ISBN
810:ASTM
739:and
698:USEF
659:Bits
645:The
629:tack
597:and
587:and
529:USEF
443:trot
426:Flat
247:pony
241:and
199:and
116:and
77:and
1639:and
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814:SEI
681:.
428:or
71:any
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81:.
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456::
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