Cinema of Hungary - Knowledge

735:. They attempted to resurrect the production and story mechanisms of pre-war cinema, with private investments and old story schemes, but their failure seemed to prove that audience needs were changed and the small number of new cinemas will not provide enough revenue. The private sector slowly backed off from film production, resulting in no Hungarian films being made in 1946. Work resumed in 1947, with the government proposing a 200.000 Ft aid to film-producing companies (the average budget of a movie being 500.000 Ft). Companies were started, but most of them were backed by political forces. 33: 101: 458: 4343: 1247:). Short and full-length documentaries created in the Balázs Béla Studio from the end of the sixties had a major influence on its creation. As film producers of the seventies were dissatisfied with the illusion of realism of the previous years, they felt that conventional acting and dramatics no longer offered new possibilities. Many of the era's influential films include, or try to surpass documentarism, by distancing from realist depiction in building up unconventional scenes. In these films (including 974:

pre-screening of the finished movie. Instead of multiple stages of control over scripts and plans, the censoring became a posterior process. Only a low number of films became censored, not only because the government's intention to maintain a more broad-minded image, but because directors also tried to avoid more problematic themes. Socially critical films, often utilizing cross-talk and allegorical elements, re-emerged, and many of them were allowed to be screened at western film festivals.

252: 2120: 2027: 704:, the press also started to put pressure on Jewish cast members. Article XV., the first "Jew law" introduced in 1938, enforced a 6% maximum on Jews in the Film Guild. Later anti-semitic laws restricted Jews from being directors, performers, screenwriters or managers of film studios, film distribution companies, and theatres. This made work nearly impossible for a large number of film-makers and actors, and many of them, like 4329: 587:. During the twenties, foreign (mostly American) companies made use of the economical crisis by gaining hold of nearly all of the country's theatres. French, American, and Italian movies that had been banned during the war were all over Hungarian screens, leaving little ground for Hungarian productions. The few companies that operated at the time, like the Corvina Studio, drifted towards bankruptcy. 827:, even while they were politically not to be trusted. Young directors could only work on dramaturgic jobs. Films with contemporary settings became more frequent, with the intention to be storied guides to explain communist morale, and to warn about its enemies. Manufacturing movies depicted the labor heroes of factory production or on the fields, showcasing the ideal worker ( 815:, continuing the tradition of films that showed a more realistic country life with the help of folk literature. However, ideological content was still present. Films of 1948–49 – while varying in genre, a change that was welcomed after the mostly comedic approach of the thirties – aimed to show the sins of the past, and how they would change under the new socialist rule. 982:, and 2 Ft for older films or in worker district – a cost that nearly every class could pay. With short animations and newsreels playing before and after feature films, movie-going became a several-hour-long entertainment. Special theatres operated to only show children's movies or newsreels (a ticket was valid for 30 minutes). 953:

Hunnia Film Studio, and the News and Documentary Film Company were renamed to Budapest Film Studio. The latter also received permission to produce feature films, and while its budget and machinery were not ready for this task for a few following years, it provided a breeding ground for a number of young talents, like

851:). Both types utilized traditional tools of filmmaking, with either comedic or musical elements to show the joys of physical labor, or elements of detective stories to show sabotage. Historical films were also present, showing revolutionary ages that authorities felt to be parallel to contemporary events (like 804:

centralized and authorities specified story themes and setting. Scripts were often rewritten multiple times to secure the transmission of ideological messages. The nationalization solved the long-running problem of funding, the government's resources allowing for technically more complex, big-budget movies.

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biographical elements, try to stress the individual side of its form (marked by the slightly pejorative term aestheticism). In both cases, the classical forms of narration fell into the background, and parallel to the loosening of the story, pictorial effects were strengthened, often using allegorization.

622:, whose employees worked in Budapest that day, recording a few musical and speaking scenes. While the movie was one of the last silent ones, ironically, it also became the first to use voice. The first voiced movie screening was held on 30 September 1929 in the Puskin Theater, presenting the American film 839:). Sabotage movies showed a reactionary figure from the old regime, often an engineer or an intellectual, who works as an agent to sabotage production, sometimes collaborating with western forces. While their first attempt is successful, an investigation by wise party members uncovers the conspiracy ( 818:

By 1950, the film industry was under total government control, plans for new movies were only issued by central command (with themes like "socialist conversion of the agriculture", or "exposing enemy sabotage".) The films were issued to be directed by industry veterans who started their career in the

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Both the objective and subjective form of the Hungarian film, developed in the sixties, went through the process of stylization in the seventies. Objective films try to compose a closer, sociological description of social processes (marked by the trend of documentarism), the subjective, overstepping

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As technology became cheap, large masses of people became introduced to this form of entertainment. In the countryside, clubs and community houses were converted to screening rooms, while in towns, and especially Budapest, hundreds of new movie theatres opened. Ticket price for premiere movies was 8

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The infrastructure of the Hungarian cinema scene was built up during the first decade of the 20th century. By 1910, 270 permanent theatres operated in the country, including large capacity film palaces like the Royal Apollo. Film distribution was organized by the end of the decade. The first company

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The demand for presenting rural life reappeared, but such films were produced with the world-view of the new generation. Protagonists looked at peasant life as a thing of the past, and while they respected old morals and were nostalgic, they were critical about not only the social relations of past

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became sought-after performers, appearing in nearly every major production of the decade. As sound film enabled more natural performances, popular stage actors became more attracted to the big screen, however, many of them could not adapt to the different working conditions, or to the new phenomena

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affected the movie's world severely, several films were banned, while many industry experts and actors left the country. Decentralization of the country's film production was halted, the planned reorganization became superficial, with the Hungarian National Filmmaking Company regaining its name of

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By 1932, over 500 theatres operated in the country, a quarter of them located in Budapest. Support for sound playback was spreading, with around half of the venues owning the needed devices. The maximum timeframe of the shooting was 12 days, after which the producing company fined the director for

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After the communist nationalization, the only company allowed to produce feature films was the Hungarian National Filmmaking Company, while newsreels and documentary production was managed by the News and Documentary Film Company, and distribution through MOKÉP. Control over film production was

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slowly showed its signs in the country with an increasing number of air raids and bombings, making film production extremely difficult. In the final years of the war, only a handful of movies were made, most of them being slap-dash works. During the war, movie theatres did not play American and

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The downfall was avoided largely by government support and protective laws. 1925 saw the creation of the Hungarian Movie Industry Fund, and a new law forced distributors to finance a Hungarian movie after every 30 imported ones. Theatres were forced to air the newsreels created by the Office of

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was another important step in the reshaping of the industry. While the studio had only a small budget, movies made here did not need to be pre-screened to external reviewers, only the ones intended for larger audiences. Young professionals finishing university got a chance to quickly join live

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A characteristic style of early Hungarian cinema was the cinema sketch, a hybrid form of theatre and film. Each short projection was followed or interrupted by live stage actors, often acting their own characters from the screen. The genre inspired many prominent writers of the time, including

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wanted to appear more liberal, resulting in softening rules and regulations in every area. The two former film studios were split into four independent ones, headed by film-makers. These artistic teams could approve or deny filming plans themselves; supervision was only present in the form of

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and Zsigmond Sziklai opened the first Hungarian movie theatre on 41 Andrássy Street named the Okonograph, where they screened Lumière films using French machinery. The inhabitants of the elite neighborhood were opposed to this new form of entertainment, and the theatre soon closed. But film

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From 1935 onwards, far-right-wing groups were formed throughout the country. They criticized the movie industry as being "infested with Jews" and its products "containing obscene, unmoral content". The number of protests were increasing, and premiers were disrupted, like in the case of

469:, made for one of the shows at the Uránia Scientific Theatre. Gyula Pekár asked for a moving picture from Béla Zsitovszky, the projectionist of the Uránia. Zsitovszky, originally an optician, shot the picture on the roof terrace of the theatre with renowned actors and ballerinas of the 1289:

The era's mainstream was also created along the lines of the more artistic documentarist films, in the form of state-of-the-generation movies. While in part continuing the tradition of public life movies of the sixties, they incorporated the changed social attitudes of the seventies.

1255:), the sociologically accurate world becomes transparent, and by exposing documentarism, a peculiar cinematic language is revealed. By the end of the decade, documentarist stylization decoupled into a lyrical, or sometimes grotesque version utilized in feature films (like of 1063:). Instead of the ballad-like, detailed rendering of country life, new directors used more stylized methods. The theme of generational conflict appears in more light-hearted, entertaining forms in the second half of the decade, often in collaboration with popular pop-bands ( 598:

The Movie Industry Fund bought the bankrupt Corvina Studio in 1927, founding the Hunnia Movie Company with the intention to produce full-length feature films. The studio became the cornerstone for professionals in the following years. Its mission became difficult with the

1071:). Directors from the old generation also dealt with themes that looked at the past, and while omitting the element of conflicting generations, they too explored the question of individual destiny and history, historical determination, and moral decisions in such cases ( 957:. Political influences regained their place in production, so directors stayed away from contemporary or socially critical themes. Most of the films were set between the two World Wars, many of them being literary adaptations. Adopting novels from writers like 1024:

Against the trends of earlier decades, the positive intellectual appeared as a new type of character, full with optimism and ideas, battling not only with political barriers, but with bureaucracy, and the old generation's rigid rules and positions

893:), and sabotage movies turning into disaster films, showing more realistic threats to production (natural disaster or human negligence) that requires the collaboration of a community. Socially critical works began to appear, both in drama ( 1214:

The end of the decade saw another wave of censorial strictness, so film productions turned from political, revolting themes towards the private sphere, often utilizing stylized, lyrical motifs, producing so-called aestheticizing films.

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The two definitive trends of the seventies became the documentarism, meant to introduce a new aspect and change in form, and, continuing from the sixties, the directorial films. Other contemporary genres and forms, like

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production. The studio became the main workshop for avant-garde and experimental filming, contributing greatly to the generational change of the sixties. Art groups with different characteristics were formed.

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Most of the films from this transitional period continued the tradition of literary adaptations, but a number of them tried to introduce some sort of social criticism. Two notable pictures were the realist

543:(News of Moving Picture). The journal published articles of numerous renowned writers, theatrical directors, aestheticans, and scientists, including the pioneering film-theory articles of the 18-year-old 595:

began to tax imported movies (enriching the Industry Fund), but the fee was significantly lowered for companies that produced Hungarian movies; even a short movie was awarded 20 tax-free film imports.

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decades, but the general helplessness of their predecessors, dismaying their submission and lack of revolt. Reckoning with the past and parentage were the themes of numerous movies of the decade (

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started appearing, leaving room for innovation: with the Projektophone, Dénes Mihály became one of the many inventors of loud film, but he was unable to sell the patent. During the shooting of

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21 March 1948 became a turning point for cinema production as the state began to nationalize certain parts of the industry, with several further steps in 1948–49 resulting in a total takeover.

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The War had caused huge damage to industry property, but production work resumed relatively early, in 1945. Three movies were produced that year, the most prominent of these new ventures being

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The sixties were the years of rejuvenation for the Hungarian movie industry. After the harsher years following the events of 1956, the newly elected socialist government, headed by

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Fuelled by proper funding and the easing political climate, 1954–56 were the beginning years for cinema as an art form in Hungary. The two most influential director of the era were

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The sixties was not only the decade of modernist film but the starting era of distinctive directorial filmmaking. This can also be observed in Hungary. After his debut films,

1001:, new elements and styles were rarely present in their pure form, but rather mixed with cultural, historical and political themes. For example, the rebellious, youth-centered 664:

which premiered only two months later, and became the first box office hit, as well as one of the most successful and well-known motion pictures of the country. Directed by

1268: 1021:, which used non-linear narration and experimental camera work. But in both cases, youth themes were combined with other themes like history or the clash of generations. 4722: 4674: 562:(Red film) was started to popularize the shift. A number of filmmakers welcomed the change, as the government provided protection against competing for foreign movies. 744: 4679: 4531: 986: 512:

As early critics found most of the films vulgar, boring, and frivolous, film-makers stressed the informative, educational virtues of the technology as pushed by the

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as a method to reveal socially sensitive themes, but unlike the outer, intellectual standpoint of the sixties, they explored the inner conflicts of their subjects.

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Beginning in 1953, slight attempts of democratization began in film production. The script became subservient to directorial work, giving chances to young talents (

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screenings in cafés, the centers of Budapest's public life, were becoming more and more widespread, and by 1911, over 100 movie theater operated in the capital.

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Art and entertainment films became more separated, with the latter going through a similar renewal, seeking new genres and actors. The most popular films were

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The first film shooting took place also in 1896, recording the festivities of the Millennium Celebration. Employees of the Lumiéres recorded the march at the

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each additional day. After the problems of the 1920s, Hungarian film production boomed in the 1930s, rising from 6 films in 1932 to a peak of 36 in 1937.

4409: 2531: 1836: 1781: 1729: 1260: 4727: 4556: 1585: 1927: 1566: 149: 1207:). Meant to carry on the tradition of cabaret/comedy films of the past, satirical comedy films appeared, often starring the popular László Kabos ( 672:

for the job, the movie's comedic tone and bourgeois setting became a standard for native film production in the following ten years. Actors like

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in 1908. The company also shot films, offering documentaries and newsreels, thereby making the first steps for the country's film industry.

2716: 2219: 1589: 912:. While Fábri operated with a dramatic-expressionist style that placed protagonists into extreme situations to face basic moral questions ( 2015: 1807: 341: 1041:). Intellectuals became personified, with such characters often reflecting on their own situation in long, moralizing dialogue scenes. 575:

The aftermath of the First World War left the sprouting Hungarian movie industry in ruins. Native experts of the field, like directors

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who affected the world of motion pictures both within and beyond the country's borders. The former could be characterized by directors

885:). Political messages were toned down, with manufacturing movies converting into real comedies with only marginal political elements ( 1577: 532:

Comedians also used this form often to perform various jokes and scenes utilizing its hybrid nature, one well-known performer being

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or Sándor Tatay, they showed the detailed lifestyle of peasants and the common man in a moderately realistic fashion.

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directed his most personal movies during this time, pairing subjectivity with first-person narration. After 1956's

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Orphans of the East. Postwar Eastern European Cinema and the Revolutionary Subject Indiana University Press, 2015

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Márk Jászberényi, Tamás Perlaki and Gyula Priskin: Scientific Academy Award (2010) for development of software

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further elaborates the theme of moral choice in historical times in many of his films from the 1960s, like

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saw filmmaking as a sign of closing up to modern European Literature and became avid movie theatergoers.

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The literary and artistic scene enthusiastically supported the new form of expression. Writers of the

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becomes more unified, creating the most political, dramatic films of his career during the era, with

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left the country during or after the disarray, often making significant career abroad, like in

411: 374: 58: 1811: 1505: 1298: 909: 4631: 4367: 4307: 4264: 4157: 4102: 4081: 4064: 3979: 3596: 3411: 3396: 3346: 3341: 3137: 3007: 2938: 2878: 2754: 2734: 2469: 2327: 1988: 1950: 1352: 1302: 1283: 4561: 4541: 4521: 4424: 4122: 4071: 4004: 3984: 3644: 3621: 3611: 3606: 3601: 3406: 3376: 3188: 3122: 2903: 2764: 2710: 2664: 2543: 2479: 2405: 2363: 2184: 2023: 1421: 1306: 1156: 1098: 932:). Another important director was Károly Makk, whose films, ranging from satirical comedy ( 405: 924:), Máriássy used a lyric, and strongly realistic tone, depicting events with high detail ( 659: 8: 4536: 4254: 4232: 4177: 3901: 3706: 3631: 3568: 3548: 3520: 3476: 3326: 3127: 2784: 2644: 2457: 2380: 1608: 1553: 1415: 1310: 866: 713:

Soviet features, so industry professionals and selected audiences could watch films like

970: 558:, the Hungarian cinema industry was the first one to be nationalized fully. The journal 466: 100: 4616: 4611: 4586: 4444: 4222: 4207: 4197: 4011: 3994: 3926: 3845: 3798: 3573: 3558: 3543: 3508: 3368: 3353: 3280: 3239: 3162: 3147: 3112: 3102: 2967: 2898: 2865: 2799: 2749: 2654: 2580: 2390: 2339: 2312: 2172: 1940: 1613: 1510: 1112: 1103: 1053: 994: 954: 638: 619: 386: 370: 1334: 1264: 1087:), often utilizing modernistic tools like paralleling viewpoints and interpretations. 539:

Mór Undergleider also started a professional journal on the subject of cinema, called

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has had a notable cinema industry since the beginning of the 20th century, including

118: 1191:). Disaster movies of the fifties were replaced by action films, detective stories ( 940:) represented the increasingly diversifying nature of the decade's film production. 637:, which featured a narrated introduction. The first full-length film with sound was 592: 4669: 4636: 4626: 4606: 4596: 4581: 4576: 4526: 4494: 4479: 4454: 4390: 4187: 4147: 4115: 4110: 4054: 3999: 3974: 3964: 3911: 3906: 3896: 3828: 3818: 3778: 3752: 3726: 3691: 3686: 3674: 3654: 3466: 3451: 3381: 3358: 3234: 3157: 3152: 3051: 2983: 2913: 2908: 2789: 2700: 2621: 1908:

Cinema of the Other Europe: The industry and artistry of East Central European film

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The most influential trend of the decade was documentarism, creating the genre of

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trademark visual style – long, slow cuts and horizontal camera movement – appear.

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and is the first film in a trilogy of autobiographical films that also includes

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The era's filming was largely influenced by western modernism, but similarly to

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The movie-producing scene slowly emerged again, marked by the start of journal

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The first consciously made Hungarian film was 'A Tánc' (The Dance) directed by

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were not realized later on by the country's slowly unfolding film production.

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Hungarian cinema began in 1896, when the first screening of the films of the

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mmka.hu Official website of the Motion Picture Public Foundation of Hungary

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Attila Szalay (with two others) technical AA-award for SpaceCam 1996 (?)

914: 629:. Voiced, speaking scenes were inserted in more and more films, like in 470: 2744: 1403: 1256: 358: 3513: 1518: 1439: 1240: 1229: 603:

and the spreading of costly sound film, needing further investments.

547:. However, the theoretical forebodings and possibilities outlined in 4359: 2189: 2129: 1866:"Sulinet: A hét évfordulója - Az első magyar hangosfilm bemutatása" 1627: 1373: 439: 417: 382: 2160: 1451: 681:

of the 'filmstar,' a life with pressure from the media and fans.

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Most of the films made in the BB Studio and on the Academy used

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Because of its reputedly alien American storyline and setting

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was held on the 10th of May in the cafe of the Royal Hotel of

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filmintezet.hu Official website of the National Film Archive

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only a small, hidden, makeshift screenings for high prices.

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with editor Andor Lajtha in 1928. Newer technology from

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Tűzkeresztség: a magyar játékfilm története, 1945–1953

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shared by five persons of whom three were Hungarians:

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AA-nomination (2007) for Best Short Film, animation: "

454:. The first Hungarian cameraman was Zsigmond Sziklai. 1658:Életjel: a magyar filmművészet megszületése 1954–1956 1959:– a portal presenting a timeline of Hungarian cinema 554:

From March to August of 1919, under the short-lived

1688:. Budapest: Magyar filmintézet, 1992. OCLC 28409300 807:The first product of the nationalized industry was 700:'s government formed increasingly closer ties with 393:, who played a leading role in the early period of 1981:– reviews of important Hungarian films in English. 1271:) and an experimental line, marked by BB Studio's 618:, crew members were able to borrow equipment from 1839:. UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Archived from 1784:. UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Archived from 1758:. UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Archived from 1732:. UNESCO Institute for Statistics. Archived from 1541:AA-nomination for Best Cinematography (2000) for 1529: 509:, the first prominent director and movie critic. 397:. Examples of successful Hungarian films include 4745: 1651:Hungarian Cinema: From Coffee House to Multiplex 516:, founded in 1911, formed as an offshoot of the 1831: 1829: 1748: 1707:Word and image; history of the Hungarian cinema 1605:- a list of Hungarian films considered the best 1756:"Table 6: Share of Top 3 distributors (Excel)" 1305:(1984), which won the Grand-Prix Award at the 4375: 3015: 2145: 2009: 1774: 1724: 1722: 1136:. After trying several genres, the cinema of 477:short-films were premiered on 30 April 1901. 335: 1826: 1709:. Budapest: Corvina Press, 1968. OCLC 434165 793: 486:to lend the film-shooting apparatus was the 1730:"Table 8: Cinema Infrastructure – Capacity" 234:HUF 372 million (~€1.2 million) (3.5%) 4382: 4368: 3022: 3008: 2152: 2138: 2016: 2002: 1800: 1719: 591:Hungarian Film. In 1929 the government of 342: 328: 99: 1902: 1672:Szubjektív magyar filmtörténet: 1964–1994 77:Learn how and when to remove this message 456: 40:This article includes a list of general 1953:– a portal dedicated to Hungarian films 1860: 1858: 14: 4746: 2105:Media Wave International Film Festival 1660:. Budapest: Magyar Filmintézet, 1994. 1370:A Long Weekend in Pest And Buda (2003) 4363: 3003: 2133: 1997: 1275:, and films of the K/3 Group, led by 4389: 2159: 1855: 1674:. Budapest: Osiris-Századvég, 1994. 424: 26: 2110:Miskolc International Film Festival 936:) to expressionistic social drama ( 739:was financed by the Peasant Party, 24: 1896: 565: 226:10.6 billion (~€33.9 million) 157:Produced feature films (2010) 46:it lacks sufficient corresponding 25: 4765: 1934: 1567:best foreign-language film (2016) 4341: 4327: 3029: 2118: 2025: 1810:. Europa Cinemas. Archived from 1391:Just Sex and Nothing Else (2005) 657:was only a mild success, unlike 250: 186:Number of admissions (2010) 31: 745:Independent Smallholders' Party 1884: 1695:. Budapest: Anno Kiadó, 2006. 1530:Academy Award nominees/winners 1315:Diary for My Mother and Father 865:– the peasant uprising led by 616:Csak egy kislány van a világon 114: 13: 1: 1979:Spotlight on Hungarian Cinema 1643: 1320: 1005:served as an inspiration for 2220:Principality of Transylvania 1464: 1293: 1218: 1102:were the first movies where 964: 943: 872: 859:Hungarian Revolution of 1848 798: 722: 648: 570: 480: 442:. In June of the same year, 429: 215:Gross box office (2010) 7: 2255:Interwar Kingdom of Hungary 1596: 1301:is best known for her film 948:The reprisal following the 668:, who was called back from 505:even became a dramaturg to 10: 4770: 1434:The Maiden Danced to Death 4693: 4655: 4397: 4321: 4278: 4245: 4168: 4101: 4094: 4037: 3942: 3859: 3786: 3777: 3745: 3630: 3587: 3529: 3367: 3312: 3303: 3273: 3227: 3171: 3095: 3059: 3050: 3037: 2961: 2798: 2717:Universities and colleges 2691: 2682: 2588: 2579: 2465: 2456: 2371: 2362: 2288: 2180: 2171: 2116: 2038: 1653:. Wallflower Press, 2004. 1626:, a new film studio near 794:Film in the socialist era 556:Hungarian Soviet Republic 461:Uránia Scientific Theatre 230: 219: 214: 206: 198: 190: 185: 177: 169: 161: 156: 135: 127: 113: 98: 93: 3245:Central African Republic 2696:Anti-Hungarian sentiment 2376:Administrative divisions 1713: 1394:Children of Glory (2006) 1331:Hungarian Requiem (1991) 1325: 708:, fled the country. The 2604:Hungarian National Bank 2235:Austro-Hungarian Empire 1974:Internet Movie Database 1926:Constantin Parvulescu. 1693:A Magyar film története 1188:A tizedes meg a többiek 1123:Isten hozta, őrnagy úr! 761:Social Democratic Party 601:economic crisis of 1929 260:List of Hungarian films 199: • Per capita 128: • Per capita 61:more precise citations. 4440:Bosnia and Herzegovina 3955:Bosnia and Herzegovina 2760:International rankings 2635:Science and technology 2515:Chief of General Staff 2210:Ottoman–Hungarian wars 1985:Hungarian Film Posters 1910:. London: Wallflower. 1619:Pornography in Hungary 1565:winning the award for 1358:I Love Budapest (2001) 1347:Werckmeister Harmonies 1197:A gyilkos a házban van 1150:Az utolsó előtti ember 462: 412:Werckmeister Harmonies 131:4.5 per 100,000 (2011) 3265:São Tomé and Príncipe 2205:Late Medieval Kingdom 2200:High Medieval Kingdom 1989:European Film Gateway 1303:Diary for My Children 1241:fictional documentary 1129:Két félidő a pokolban 1069:Szerelmes biciklisták 1009:'s early works, like 460: 3732:United Arab Emirates 2949:World Heritage Sites 2821:Palaces and mansions 2185:Hungarian prehistory 1584:for the concept and 1367:Pleasant Days (2002) 1343:Gloomy Sunday (1999) 1307:Cannes Film Festival 1205:Fény a redőny mögött 1165:A kőszívű ember fiai 1146:Elveszett paradicsom 934:Mese a 12 találatról 899:Két emelet boldogság 854:Föltámadott a tenger 845:Becsület és dicsőség 4656:States with limited 4281:& transnational 1968:23 May 2009 at the 1762:on 24 December 2018 1705:István Nemeskürty. 1609:Cinema of the world 1416:The Man from London 1311:Diary for My Lovers 1182:Butaságom története 938:Ház a sziklák alatt 780:Ének a búzamezőkről 549:Mozgófénykép Híradó 541:Mozgófénykép Híradó 4133:Dominican Republic 2899:Hungarian language 2750:Hungarian diaspora 2650:Telecommunications 2275:Revolution of 1956 2230:Revolution of 1848 1843:on 3 November 2013 1814:on 9 November 2013 1808:"Country Profiles" 1736:on 5 November 2013 1649:Cunningham, John. 1614:Culture of Hungary 1340:The Gambler (1997) 1273:Filmnyelvi Sorozat 1199:) and spy movies ( 1159:'s adaptations of 1113:Professor Hannibal 987:Balázs Béla Studio 930:Egy pikoló világos 716:Gone with the Wind 639:Hunnia Film Studio 620:Fox Movietone News 463: 387:Paramount Pictures 381:, the founders of 4754:Cinema of Hungary 4741: 4740: 4391:Cinema of Europe 4357: 4356: 4241: 4240: 4090: 4089: 3773: 3772: 3299: 3298: 2997: 2996: 2957: 2956: 2740:Human trafficking 2678: 2677: 2575: 2574: 2539:Political parties 2485:Foreign relations 2452: 2451: 2358: 2357: 2270:People's Republic 2250:Treaty of Trianon 2127: 2126: 2100:Animation history 2095:Films: Since 1990 2032:Cinema of Hungary 1701:978-9-6337-5454-2 1680:978-9-6383-8495-9 1666:978-9-6371-4718-0 1261:Ferenc Grunwalsky 950:civil war of 1956 921:Hannibál tanár úr 770:Valahol Európában 757:Beszterce ostroma 749:Valahol Európában 660:Hyppolit, a lakáj 425:The early decades 389:respectively, or 352: 351: 290:Animation history 244:Cinema of Hungary 238: 237: 136:Main distributors 94:Cinema of Hungary 87: 86: 79: 16:(Redirected from 4761: 4694:Dependencies and 4398:Sovereign states 4384: 4377: 4370: 4361: 4360: 4348:World portal 4346: 4345: 4332: 4331: 4330: 4279:Intercontinental 4099: 4098: 3922:Northern Ireland 3784: 3783: 3310: 3309: 3057: 3056: 3024: 3017: 3010: 3001: 3000: 2977: 2970: 2868: 2861: 2854: 2847: 2823: 2816: 2719: 2689: 2688: 2626: 2606: 2586: 2585: 2565: 2551: 2463: 2462: 2428: 2421: 2414: 2386:Cities and towns 2369: 2368: 2215:Habsburg Kingdom 2178: 2177: 2154: 2147: 2140: 2131: 2130: 2122: 2090:Films: 1948–1989 2085:Films: 1901–1947 2053:Cinematographers 2030: 2029: 2028: 2018: 2011: 2004: 1995: 1994: 1921: 1891: 1888: 1882: 1881: 1879: 1877: 1868:. Archived from 1862: 1853: 1852: 1850: 1848: 1833: 1824: 1823: 1821: 1819: 1804: 1798: 1797: 1795: 1793: 1788:on 23 March 2014 1778: 1772: 1771: 1769: 1767: 1752: 1746: 1745: 1743: 1741: 1726: 1684:Gábor Szilágyi. 1656:Gábor Szilágyi. 1638:Media of Hungary 1458:On Body and Soul 1269:Géza Böszörményi 1209:A veréb is madár 1193:A hamis Izabella 1169:Egy magyar nábob 1134:Nappali sötétség 1012:Álmodozások kora 985:The founding of 926:Budapesti tavasz 863:Rákóczi hadnagya 813:Talpalatnyi föld 710:Second World War 625:The Singing Fool 503:Frigyes Karinthy 473:Theatre. The 24 467:Béla Zsitkovszky 436:Lumière Brothers 373:; the latter by 344: 337: 330: 254: 240: 239: 116: 103: 91: 90: 82: 75: 71: 68: 62: 57:this article by 48:inline citations 35: 34: 27: 21: 18:Hungarian cinema 4769: 4768: 4764: 4763: 4762: 4760: 4759: 4758: 4744: 4743: 4742: 4737: 4695: 4689: 4675:Northern Cyprus 4657: 4651: 4572:North Macedonia 4393: 4388: 4358: 4353: 4340: 4334:Film portal 4328: 4326: 4317: 4280: 4274: 4237: 4164: 4086: 4033: 3990:North Macedonia 3938: 3855: 3769: 3741: 3626: 3583: 3525: 3363: 3295: 3269: 3223: 3167: 3091: 3046: 3042:National cinema 3033: 3028: 2998: 2993: 2980: 2973: 2966: 2953: 2864: 2857: 2850: 2843: 2819: 2812: 2794: 2780:Public holidays 2715: 2674: 2624: 2602: 2571: 2563: 2549: 2505:Law enforcement 2448: 2424: 2417: 2410: 2354: 2284: 2265:Second Republic 2167: 2158: 2128: 2123: 2114: 2034: 2026: 2024: 2022: 1970:Wayback Machine 1957:filmtortenet.hu 1937: 1918: 1904:Iordanova, Dina 1899: 1897:Further reading 1894: 1890:Cunningham p.37 1889: 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