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234:. If substantiated by a chemical analysis, this claim would make the giraffe the first mammal to be discovered to contain a hallucinogen in its bodily tissues, and the Humrawi the first people to have discovered the existence of such a mammal. Ian Cunnison, who accompanied the Humr on some of their giraffe-hunting expeditions in the late 1950s, noted that:
133:
Ian
Cunnison lists the clans of the two divisions of the Humr as the Ajaira consisting of the Fayyarin, Awlád Kamil, Mezaghna, Fadliya, Menama and Addal clans, and the Felaita consisting of the Metanin, Ziyud, Awlád Serur, Jubarat and Salamat clans.
129:, who live in the vicinity of Babanusa, Alfoula and Kajira. There are six clans in the Ajaira and five in the Falita, and thus twelve Humrawi clans in all.
408:
341:"Some traditional husbandry and ethnoveterinary practices of the Messerya Humr Baggara transhumants of southern Kordofan"
254:
Cunnison's account of a psychoactive mammal found its way into a mainstream literature through a conversation between
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It is said that a person, once he has drunk umm nyolokh, will return to giraffe again and again. Humr, being
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The Humur are most commonly known outside the Sudan as the preparers of a drink made from the
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176:. Humrawi hunters' main reason for hunting the giraffe is the preparation of the drink
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or beer. But he uses this word to describe the effects which umm nyolokh has upon him.
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grouping. The territory of the Humr lies in the eastern part of this belt in the
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293:"Oil, land and conflict: the decline of Misseriyya pastoralism in Sudan"
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270:. Rudgley hypothesises that the presence of the hallucinogenic compound
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might account for the putative intoxicating properties of umm nyolokh.
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and specialist on the use of hallucinogens and intoxicants in society
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36:
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369:
Cunninson, Ian (1980). "Giraffe
Hunting among the Humr Tribe".
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Baggara Arabs: Power and the
Lineage in a Sudanese Nomad Tribe
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of the
Institute of Social and Cultural Anthropology at the
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375:. Vol. 39. University of Khartoum. pp. 49–60
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Wakeel, Ahmed S. El; Gumaa, Abuelgasim Yousif (1996).
266:, who considered its implications in his popular work
210:, one of the subspecies of giraffe hunted by the Humr.
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Domestic scene, circa 1850, showing men drinking, in
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The people who govern each tribe are known as the "
86:ethnic group, native to the south-west province of
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226:, and which they claim is intoxicating, causing
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78:'red') are one of two branches of the
400:The Encyclopaedia of Psychoactive Substances
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268:The Encyclopedia of Psychoactive Substances
117:The Humr are divided into two groups - the
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23:The belt of territory, spanning primarily
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246:and a Humrawi is never drunk (sakran) on
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121:, who live in the area from Muglad to
297:Review of African Political Economy
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31:, inhabited by tribes within the
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222:of a giraffe, which they call
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1:
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403:. Abacus. pp. 20–21.
328:. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
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397:Rudgley, Richard (1998).
291:Pantuliano, Sara (2010).
198:, home to the Humr tribe.
372:Sudan Notes and Records
164:The Humur are intrepid
438:Ethnic groups in Sudan
322:Cunnison, Ian (1966).
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16:Ethnic group in Sudan
260:University of Oxford
82:, a subgroup of the
156:'leader').
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410:978-0-349-11127-8
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208:Kordofan giraffe
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39:region of Sudan.
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345:Nomadic Peoples
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264:Richard Rudgley
256:Dr. Wendy James
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47:(also known as
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232:hallucinations
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96:Chadian Arabic
94:. Speakers of
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106:and Al Fula (
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414:. Retrieved
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377:. Retrieved
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224:umm nyolokh
220:bone marrow
185:umm nyolokh
178:umm nyolokh
278:References
244:abstainers
353:0822-7942
309:0305-6244
170:elephants
62:romanized
432:Category
416:14 April
379:14 April
240:Mahdists
196:Kordofan
172:and the
125:and the
100:Babanusa
88:Kordofan
80:Messiria
37:Kordofan
174:giraffe
166:hunters
160:Hunting
154:
127:Felaita
84:Baggara
76:
64::
33:Baggara
407:
351:
307:
248:liquor
228:dreams
143:Arabic
119:Ajaira
112:الفولة
108:Arabic
104:Muglad
53:Arabic
216:liver
139:Nazir
123:Abyei
92:Sudan
68:Hūmūr
49:Humur
29:Sudan
418:2021
405:ISBN
381:2021
349:ISSN
305:ISSN
230:and
218:and
206:The
152:lit.
147:ناظر
114:).
74:lit.
57:همور
45:Humr
43:The
27:and
25:Chad
272:DMT
168:of
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389:^
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343:.
301:37
299:.
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
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