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abroad in the principal countries of origin. This plan reduced the number of immigrants who were turned back for medical reasons after making the trip to the United States. In the 1920s, the PHS also completed the development of a national maritime quarantine system by acquiring the last two
523:
conditions of the ports from which troops would embark and to confer with military authorities to take the necessary action to prevent the introduction of disease into the United States by returning troops. He was also a member of the
416:) in 1894 (the latter while serving as house doctor at St. Luke's Hospital in Richmond). In 1894, he obtained a commission as an Assistant Surgeon in the Marine Hospital Service, which was to become the
409:
556:, and the responsibility for the health care of veterans was transferred from the PHS to the new Bureau. Another event of Cumming's early tenure was the creation of a national
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Hugh
Cumming retired as Surgeon General and from active duty in the Public Health Service on 31 January 1936 as a rear admiral. He continued to serve as Director of the
812:
Jonathan Peter Spiro, Defending the Master Race: Conservation, Eugenics, and the Legacy of
Madison Grant. Lebanon, NH: University Press of New England, 2009. page 394.
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621:—begun in 1932, continued under Cumming's successors, ended in 1972. Cumming was also on the Advisory Board of the Eugenics Committee of the USA (ECUSA).
729:
Lombardo PA, Dorr GM (2006). "Eugenics, medical education, and the Public Health
Service: Another perspective on the Tuskegee syphilis experiment".
552:, and the Service was still expanding and adjusting to this new responsibility when Cumming took office. In 1922, however, Congress created the
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was also authorized to admit dentists, pharmacists, and sanitary engineers, the first expansion of the
Regular Corps beyond physicians.
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After ending his term as
Surgeon-General, Cumming served for a period as Chairman of the Permanent Committee of the OIHP.
613:
Cumming served as
President of the Association of Military Surgeons of the United States in 1924 and as President of the
591:) and to construct two hospitals for the treatment of drug addicts. Cumming also expanded the research activities of the
545:
322:
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In 1930, the PHS was given the responsibility of providing medical and psychiatric care to
Federal prisoners. Under the
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of 1935, the PHS was authorized to provide grants-in-aid to the States for the development of public health work.
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448:, New York. For 3 years, from February 1906 to February 1909, Cumming was detailed to the office of the
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548:. The Public Health Service (PHS) had been given the task in 1919 of providing health care for
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Cumming was assigned to a variety of posts during his early career in the
Service, especially
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Soon after his appointment, Cumming inaugurated a plan for the medical inspection of
568:. The facility at Carville became a major center for leprosy treatment and research.
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International Public Health between the Two World Wars: The
Organizational Problems
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A collection of his papers are held at the
National Library of Medicine.
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26:
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While he was Surgeon General, Cumming attended several meetings of the
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37:
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industry, and the potential threat to human health from consuming
145:
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465:
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870:"Office of the Surgeon General: Hugh Smith Cumming (1920-1936)"
529:
516:
501:
497:
872:. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Archived from
719:(Franklin, Pennsylvania); Saturday, February 12, 1921; Page 1
645:
457:
619:"The Tuskegee study of untreated syphilis in the negro male"
480:. There he was placed in charge of an investigation of the
917:
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in 1921 when the PHS took control of what had been the
360:(August 17, 1869 – December 20, 1948) was an U.S.
868:
Office of Public Health and Science (4 January 2007).
424:
in 1902 and then the Public Health Service in 1912.
774:"The study of untreated syphilis in the negro male"
62:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1163:University of Virginia School of Medicine alumni
1129:
515:as a sanitary advisor. He was later ordered to
825:. National Academy of Sciences. Archived from
903:
847:
815:
728:
468:. From 1913 to 1919, he was assigned to the
400:and then obtained medical degrees from the
910:
896:
771:
789:
402:University of Virginia School of Medicine
171:March 3, 1920 – January 31, 1936
122:Learn how and when to remove this message
601:Public Health Service Commissioned Corps
576:quarantine stations operated by States.
444:. He also served on immigration duty at
540:On 3 March 1920, Cumming was appointed
1130:
636:International Office of Public Hygiene
404:in 1893, where he was a member of the
1153:Surgeons General of the United States
919:Surgeons General of the United States
891:
684:United States Ambassador to Indonesia
642:International Office of Public Health
370:Surgeon General of the United States
159:Surgeon General of the United States
60:adding citations to reliable sources
31:
617:in 1931. In 1931 Cumming initiated
546:United States Public Health Service
13:
704:"Hugh S. Cumming Papers 1945-1977"
615:American Public Health Association
583:authorized the PHS to establish a
535:
14:
1179:
1168:Marine Hospital Service personnel
778:Int. J. Radiat. Oncol. Biol. Phys
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624:In 1935 Cumming was awarded the
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36:
25:For the English naturalist, see
706:. National Library of Medicine.
587:(the name was later changed to
442:West Coast of the United States
47:needs additional citations for
19:For his son, the diplomat, see
841:
806:
765:
722:
710:
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511:, Cumming was assigned to the
500:grown in waters polluted with
492:. One of his concerns was the
460:, where he was concerned with
410:University College of Medicine
16:American physician and soldier
1:
1158:People from Hampton, Virginia
1148:Baltimore City College alumni
848:Howard-Jones, Norman (1978).
791:10.1016/s0360-3016(97)00835-3
689:
665:Pan American Sanitary Bur eau
474:National Institutes of Health
383:
630:National Academy of Sciences
597:National Institute of Health
450:United States Consul General
378:
7:
772:Brawley OW (January 1998).
595:, which in 1930 became the
10:
1184:
589:Division of Mental Hygiene
581:Narcotic Farms Act of 1929
24:
18:
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856:World Health Organization
650:World Health Organization
648:, the predecessor of the
427:
368:. He served as the fifth
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680:Foreign Service Officer
671:, on 20 December 1948.
667:until 1947. He died in
526:Typhus Fever Commission
422:Marine Hospital Service
823:"Public Welfare Award"
398:Baltimore City College
290:University of Virginia
286:Baltimore City College
743:10.1353/bhm.2006.0066
599:. Under Cumming, the
585:Division of Narcotics
418:Public Health Service
329:Years of service
323:Public Health Service
196:Franklin D. Roosevelt
626:Public Welfare Medal
566:Louisiana Leper Home
388:Cumming was born in
56:improve this article
676:Hugh S. Cumming Jr.
608:Social Security Act
593:Hygienic Laboratory
562:Carville, Louisiana
484:of tidal waters of
472:(forerunner of the
470:Hygienic Laboratory
372:from 1920 to 1936.
21:Hugh S. Cumming Jr.
513:United States Navy
464:and quarantinable
414:Richmond, Virginia
406:Chi Phi Fraternity
392:. He received his
358:Hugh Smith Cumming
239:Hugh Smith Cumming
1125:
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390:Hampton, Virginia
355:
354:
266:December 20, 1948
220:Thomas Parran Jr.
184:Warren G. Harding
132:
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71:"Hugh S. Cumming"
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554:Veterans' Bureau
436:stations in the
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296:Military service
273:Washington, D.C.
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230:Personal details
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717:The News-Herald
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542:Surgeon General
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829:on 4 June 2011
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682:who served as
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876:on 2008-09-16
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67:Find sources:
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45:This article
43:
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949:
878:. Retrieved
874:the original
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831:. Retrieved
827:the original
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578:
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560:hospital in
539:
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446:Ellis Island
431:
387:
374:
357:
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346:Rear Admiral
268:(1948-12-20)
215:Succeeded by
166:
118:
109:
99:
92:
85:
78:
66:
54:Please help
49:verification
46:
1143:1948 deaths
1138:1869 births
1097:Trent-Adams
833:14 February
509:World War I
462:immigration
440:and on the
208:Rupert Blue
203:Preceded by
112:August 2016
27:Hugh Cuming
1132:Categories
880:2008-01-17
854:. Geneva:
784:(1): 5–8.
690:References
644:(OIHP) in
573:immigrants
434:quarantine
408:, and the
384:Early life
301:Allegiance
281:Alma mater
245:1869-08-17
82:newspapers
1063:Moritsugu
1052:Moritsugu
980:Steinfeld
930:Woodworth
674:His son,
628:from the
494:shellfish
482:pollution
379:Biography
362:physician
332:1894–1936
176:President
167:In office
1099:(acting)
1088:(acting)
1086:Lushniak
1081:Benjamin
1077:(acting)
1071:(acting)
1065:(acting)
1054:(acting)
1043:(acting)
1037:(acting)
1026:(acting)
1015:(acting)
1004:(acting)
998:(acting)
991:Richmond
987:(acting)
935:Hamilton
759:11993490
751:16809865
550:veterans
521:sanitary
490:Virginia
486:Maryland
466:diseases
454:Yokohama
256:Virginia
157:5th
1058:Carmona
1047:Satcher
1041:Clinton
1024:Whitney
1019:Novello
985:Ehrlich
975:Stewart
960:Scheele
950:Cumming
800:9422551
558:leprosy
544:of the
507:During
498:oysters
366:soldier
252:Hampton
96:scholar
1108:Murthy
1092:Murthy
1075:Weaver
1069:Galson
1035:Manley
1030:Elders
1002:Brandt
996:Greene
965:Burney
955:Parran
798:
757:
749:
530:Poland
517:Europe
502:sewage
428:Career
310:
275:, U.S.
258:, U.S.
98:
91:
84:
77:
69:
1103:Adams
1013:Mason
970:Terry
940:Wyman
755:S2CID
646:Paris
476:) in
458:Japan
438:South
103:JSTOR
89:books
1008:Koop
945:Blue
835:2011
796:PMID
747:PMID
579:The
488:and
420:and
412:(in
364:and
337:Rank
263:Died
235:Born
75:news
786:doi
739:doi
652:.
632:.
528:to
452:in
58:by
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780:.
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110:(
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29:.
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